FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Brooks, K Devarakonda, M Rassat, S King, D Herling, D AF Brooks, Kriston Devarakonda, Maruthi Rassat, Scot King, Dale Herling, Darrell GP ASME TI SYSTEMS MODELING OF AMMONIA BORANE BEAD REACTOR FOR OFF-BOARD REGENERABLE HYDROGEN STORAGE IN PEM FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID HIERARCHICAL METHODOLOGY AB Research on ammonia borane (AB, NH(3)BH(3)) has shown it to be a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage in PEM fuel cell applications. AB was selected by DOE's Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence (HSECoE) as the initial chemical hydride of study because of its high hydrogen storage capacity (up to 19.6% by weight for the release of three molar equivalents of hydrogen gas) and its stability under typical ambient conditions. A model of a bead reactor system was developed to study AB system performance in an automotive application and estimate the energy, mass, and volume requirements for this off-board regenerable hydrogen storage material. The system includes feed and product tanks, hot and cold augers, a ballast tank/reactor, a H(2) burner and a radiator. One-dimensional models based on conservation of species and energy were used to predict important state variables such as reactant and product concentrations, temperatures of various components, flow rates, and pressure in the reactor system. The flow rate of AB into the process and the system pressure were governed by a control system which is modeled as an independent subsystem. Each subsystem in the model was coded as a C language S-function and implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Preliminary system simulation results for a start-up case and for a transient drive cycle indicate appropriate trends in the reactor system dynamics. C1 [Brooks, Kriston; Devarakonda, Maruthi; Rassat, Scot; King, Dale; Herling, Darrell] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brooks, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maruthi.devarakonda@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4404-5 PY 2010 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BVB68 UT WOS:000290976400090 ER PT B AU Restrepo, B Banta, LE Tsai, AJ Tucker, D AF Restrepo, Bernardo Banta, Larry E. Tsai, Alex J. Tucker, David GP ASME TI COMBINATION OF A NONLINEAR STATIC AND A LINEAR DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE NETL HYPER SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div AB A nonlinear steady-state thermodynamic model was coupled with linearized dynamic transfer functions to achieve a dynamic description of the NETL HyPer Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (FC/GT) power plant. Nonlinear dynamic models insure accuracy in modeling steady-state behavior over a wide range of operation, but such models are often complex and difficult to implement in real-time using conventional control systems equipment. Conversely, the linearized models provide the ability to predict transient behavior upon which dynamic control systems can be constructed, but are valid only about a narrow operating point. In systems with one or two state variables, it is relatively straightforward to construct controllers that use gain scheduling schemes. But the HyPer system contains many coupled state variables and high degrees of nonlinearity. A method called Real-Time Piecewise Linear Dynamic Modeling (RPLDM) has been implemented to provide both modeling accuracy and real-time performance for the HyPer system over a multi-dimensional hypersurface. Both the nonlinear and the linear constituent models were constructed based on experimental data collected in tests performed on the HyPer system. The models presently consider only the cathode circuit of the fuel cell and contain a recuperated gas turbine system equipped with an electric generator, a simulated fuel cell cathode and various bypass valves for thermal management and system control. The key variables of air temperature, air pressure and mass flow to the cathode of the fuel cell and the turbomachinery have been predicted to within 2% of measured values. This paper presents the modeling technique and comparisons of the model output with experimental data. C1 [Restrepo, Bernardo; Banta, Larry E.; Tsai, Alex J.; Tucker, David] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Restrepo, B (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 129 EP 140 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500014 ER PT B AU Smith, MW Berry, DA Shekhawat, D Haynes, DJ AF Smith, Mark W. Berry, David A. Shekhawat, Dushyant Haynes, Daniel J. GP ASME TI CATALYTIC MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR A SOFC REFORMING SYSTEM: APPLICATION OF AN OXIDATIVE STEAM REFORMING CATALYST TO A MONOLITHIC REACTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID N-TETRADECANE; ION CONDUCTIVITY; METHANE; PYROCHLORES; DEPOSITION; SULFUR; RH AB The main objective of this work was to develop fuel reforming technologies to produce a H-2-rich synthesis gas to power a solid oxide fuel cell being developed by US DOE for applications like diesel auxiliary power units. In order to accomplish this objective the following efforts were required: 1) examination of the effect of oxygen-conducting supports on reforming catalyst performance, 2) demonstration of the long-term stability under reforming conditions of an oxide powder catalyst deposited onto an oxygen-conducting support, 3) fabrication of a catalyst system by depositing the active catalyst and oxygen-conducting material onto a monolithic support structure for scaled-up reforming tests, 4) demonstration of the scaled-up reforming tests using the monolithic reactor. A successful 1,000-hr diesel reforming test was completed on a powder pyrochlore catalyst developed by NETL deposited onto an oxygen-conducting support. This test demonstrated that the catalyst and support compositions developed have significant potential in a commercial reforming application for the production of synthesis gas. Transforming this powder catalyst into a commercially viable form was the next major step to the development of a usable product. An alumina monolith structure coated with both the oxygen-conducting support and the active pyrochlore phase was fabricated and its performance was validated by short term partial oxidation (POX) tests on pump diesel, and in an integrated reformer-fuel cell test for 100 hrs on a biodiesel fuel under oxidative steam reforming (OSR) conditions. C1 [Smith, Mark W.; Berry, David A.; Shekhawat, Dushyant; Haynes, Daniel J.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500045 ER PT B AU Siefert, N Shekhawat, D Kalapos, T AF Siefert, Nicholas Shekhawat, Dushyant Kalapos, Thomas GP ASME TI INTEGRATING CATALYTIC COAL GASIFIERS WITH SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID DIRECT OXIDATION; EUTECTIC SALTS; SOFC ANODES; GASIFICATION; METHANE; CARBON; HYDROCARBON; CERIA AB A review was conducted for coal gasification technologies that integrate with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) to achieve system efficiencies near 60% while capturing and sequestering >90% of the carbon dioxide [1-2]. The overall system efficiency can reach 60% when a) the coal gasifier produces a syngas with a methane composition of roughly 25% on a dry volume basis, b) the carbon dioxide is separated from the methane-rich synthesis gas, c) the methane-rich syngas is sent to a SOFC, and d) the off-gases from the SOFC are recycled back to coal gasifier. The thermodynamics of this process will be reviewed and compared to conventional processes in order to highlight where available work (i.e. exergy) is lost in entrained-flow, high-temperature gasification, and where exergy is lost in hydrogen oxidation within the SOFC. The main advantage of steam gasification of coal to methane and carbon dioxide is that the amount of exergy consumed in the gasifier is small compared to conventional, high-temperature, oxygen-blown gasifiers. However, the goal of limiting the amount of exergy destruction in the gasifier has the effect of limiting the rates of chemical reactions. Thus, one of the main advantages of steam gasification leads to one of its main problems: slow reaction kinetics. While conventional entrained-flow, high-temperature gasifiers consume a sizable portion of the available work in the coal oxidation, the consumed exergy speeds up the rates of reactions. And while the rates of steam gasification reactions can be increased through the use of catalysts, only a few catalysts can meet cost requirements because there is often significant deactivation due to chemical reactions between the inorganic species in the coal and the catalyst. Previous research into increasing the kinetics of steam gasification will be reviewed. The goal of this paper is to highlight both the challenges and advantages of integrating catalytic coal gasifiers with SOFCs. C1 [Siefert, Nicholas; Shekhawat, Dushyant] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Siefert, N (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500067 ER PT B AU Colella, WG AF Colella, Whitney G. GP ASME TI OPTIMAL DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR NOVEL COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) FUEL CELL SYSTEMS: PART I OF II - DATUM DESIGN CONDITIONS AND APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID FCS; SUBSYSTEM AB Energy network optimization (ENO) models identify new strategies for designing, installing, and controlling stationary combined heat and power (CHP) fuel cell systems (FCSs) with the goals of 1) minimizing electricity and heating costs for building owners and 2) reducing emissions of the primary greenhouse gas (GHG) - carbon dioxide (CO(2)). A goal of this work is to employ relatively inexpensive simulation studies to discover more financially and environmentally effective approaches for installing CHP FCSs. ENO models quantify the impact of different choices made by power generation operators, FCS manufacturers, building owners, and governments with respect to two primary goals - energy cost savings for building owners and CO(2) emission reductions. These types of models are crucial for identifying cost and CO(2) optima for particular installations. Optimal strategies change with varying economic and environmental conditions, FCS performance, the characteristics of building demand for electricity and heat, and many other factors. ENO models evaluate both "business-as-usual" and novel FCS operating strategies. For the scenarios examined here, relative to a base case of no FCSs installed, model results indicate that novel strategies could reduce building energy costs by 25% and CO(2) emissions by 80%. Part I of II articles discusses model assumptions and methodology. Part II of II articles illustrates model results for a university campus town and generalizes these results for diverse communities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Colella, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 571 EP 585 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500068 ER PT B AU Colella, WG AF Colella, Whitney G. GP ASME TI OPTIMAL DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR NOVEL COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) FUEL CELL SYSTEMS: PART II OF II - CASE STUDY RESULTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div ID FCS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Colella, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 587 EP 603 PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500069 ER PT B AU Ruth, MF Diakov, V Laffen, MJ Timbario, TA AF Ruth, Mark F. Diakov, Victor Laffen, Melissa J. Timbario, Thomas A. GP ASME TI PROJECTED COST, ENERGY USE, AND EMISSIONS OF HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brooklyn, NY SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div AB Each combination of technologies necessary to produce, deliver, and distribute hydrogen for transportation use has a corresponding levelized cost, energy requirement, and greenhouse gas emission profile depending upon the technologies' efficiencies and costs. Understanding the technical status, potential, and tradeoffs is necessary to properly allocate research and development (R&D) funding. In this paper, levelized delivered hydrogen costs, pathway energy use, and well-to-wheels (WTW) energy use and emissions are reported for multiple hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways. Technologies analyzed include both central and distributed reforming of natural gas and electrolysis of water, and central hydrogen production from biomass and coal. Delivery options analyzed include trucks carrying liquid hydrogen and pipelines carrying gaseous hydrogen. Projected costs, energy use, and emissions for current technologies (technology that has been developed to at least the bench-scale, extrapolated to commercial-scale) are reported. Results compare favorably with those for gasoline, diesel, and E85 used in current internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and flexible fuel vehicles. Sensitivities of pathway cost, pathway energy use, WTW energy use, and WTW emissions to important primary parameters were examined as an aid in understanding the benefits of various options. Sensitivity studies on production process energy efficiency, total production process capital investment, feedstock cost, production facility operating capacity, electricity grid mix, hydrogen vehicle market penetration, distance from the hydrogen production facility to city gate, and other parameters are reported. The Hydrogen Macro-System Model (MSM) was used for this analysis. The MSM estimates the cost, energy use, and emissions tradeoffs of various hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways under consideration. The MSM links the H2A Production Model, the Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM), and the Greenhouse Gas, Regulated Emission, and Energy for Transportation (GREET) Model. The MSM utilizes the capabilities of each component model and ensures the use of consistent parameters between the models to enable analysis of full hydrogen production, delivery, and distribution pathways. To better understand spatial aspects of hydrogen pathways, the MSM is linked to the Hydrogen Demand and Resource Analysis Tool (HyDRA). The MSM is available to the public and enables users to analyze the pathways and complete sensitivity analyses. C1 [Ruth, Mark F.; Diakov, Victor] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ruth, MF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4405-2 PY 2010 BP 605 EP 614 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVC14 UT WOS:000291011500070 ER PT B AU Suthar, KJ Ghantasala, MK Mancini, DC AF Suthar, Kamlesh J. Ghantasala, Muralidhar K. Mancini, Derrick C. GP ASME TI THE CHEMO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PH SENSITIVE HYDROGELS IN TRANSIENT CONDITION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL. 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst ID KINETICS; GELS AB Hydrogels are 3-D network polymeric materials that exhibit a phase-transition due to a change in their environment so that the response causes the hydro gel to swell or shrink. The changes in the solvent pH cause the hydrogel to swell or shrink, which is exploited for designing a drug delivery system. The time taken for drug uptake or delivery is an important aspect in these applications. The development of such systems require thorough understanding of the kinetic behavior of hydrogel swelling. We report the results of our research effort to model the time-dependent behavior using the finite element analysis. The hydrogel response is modeled using three partial differential equations in which two are nonlinear and third equation uses nonlinear material constants. Solving all three nonlinear equations using the finite element method for transient condition is a significant challenge. Our model is implemented using the generic finite element software COMSOL and the method can be used with any software having similar capabilities. We discuss the simulation of phase-transitions in transient conditions emphasizing the response to change in the solvent pH. The simulation was carried out on hydrogels with diameters from 200 mu m to 500 mu m while varying the solvent pH from 3 to 6. The results are compared with the published experimental data. A major achievement of this work is that the transient analysis is carried out in 2D, while the most reported literature are confined to one-dimensional analysis. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ghantasala, MK (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aero Engn, 1903 W Mich Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM suthar@anl.gov; m.ghantasala@wmich.edu; mancini@anl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4415-1 PY 2010 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BUZ20 UT WOS:000290774200026 ER PT B AU Suthar, KJ Ghantasala, MK Mancini, DC Mowat, JE Ilavsky, J AF Suthar, Kamlesh J. Ghantasala, Muralidhar. K. Mancini, Derrick C. Mowat, Joseph E. Ilavsky, Jan GP ASME TI EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONALIZED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES ON FERROGEL ACTUATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL. 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems Conference CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst ID FIELDS AB The ferrogels elongate, contract, and deflect in response to an applied magnetic field. In order to study its response to magnetic fields, ferrogels were prepared using meghamite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles (size similar to 10-25 nm) using the hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm). The particle distribution is determined for different cross-linking density of the gel in the range of 2% to 8%. The ferrogels were analyzed using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and the particle distribution were compared with direct imaging of the samples using transmission electron microscopy. The uniformity of the distribution of the particles for different samples prepared was determined using USAXS. Magnetic characteristics of the ferrogel were determined using a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC-Squid). The magnetic moments of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles based ferrogel are reduced from 2.5 - 0.4 emu/g, as the particle concentration is decreased from 8.75 to 1.25%. Subsequently, the deflection and strain also reduced under static magnetic field. These studies showed that a maximum deflection of 20% and strain of 10% to its original value could be achieved by varying the particle size and/or distribution. The crosslinking ratio of the polymer was varied from 1.2 - 8%. The deflection and elongation characteristics were studied using a custom-built electromagnetic set-up with a pole gap of 10 mm with magnetic field strength up to 2500 Gauss. However, the maximum strain reduces as the crosslinking density increases. This study clearly shows the dependence of the deflection and strain on the functionalization material coated on the particle. Details of the results of our experiments are presented in this paper. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suthar, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM suthar@anl.gov; m.ghantasala@wmich.edu; mancini@anl.gov; joseph.e.mowat@wmich.edu; ilavsky@anl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4415-1 PY 2010 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BUZ20 UT WOS:000290774200029 ER PT B AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Polizos, G Ellis, AR More, KI Cantoni, C AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Polizos, Georgios Ellis, Alvin R. More, Karren I. Cantoni, Claudia GP ASME TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOCOMPOSITES FABRICATED WITH IN-SITU PARTICLE SYNTHESIS METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS)/Symposium on Modeling, Simulation and Control CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, AIAA ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; PRECIPITATION; NANOPARTICLES; TICL3 AB In this article we discuss fabrication of nanocomposites using an in-situ particle synthesis method. The nanocomposites discussed were prepared with solution based chemistry using a particle precursor mixture, which produces the nanoparticles. The nanocomposites presented were synthesized with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The efforts of Oak Ridge National Laboratory to deliver better electrical insulation materials using nanotechnology are presented. C1 [Tuncer, Enis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4416-8 PY 2010 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVA74 UT WOS:000290916200035 ER PT B AU Sheng, SW Gao, RX AF Sheng, Shuangwen Gao, Robert X. GP ASME TI MULTI-TIME SCALE MODELING STRATEGY FOR BEARING LIFE PROGNOSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2009, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2009)/Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control CY OCT 12-14, 2009 CL Hollywood, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div, ASME, Fluid Power Syst Div ID DYNAMICS AB Prediction of a bearing service life is traditionally achieved by empirical or physical models, which have their own strengths and limitations. In an effort to combine the strengths of these modeling approaches, this research investigates the concept of Multi-Time Scale Modeling (MTSM). Specifically, a MTSM strategy for bearing life prognosis is developed by correlating experimentally acquired bearing vibration data with physics based model of microscopic growth of crack size. The strategy is composed of a fast scale empirical model (e.g., root mean square value of vibration), a slow scale physical model (e.g., change of crack length over one loading cycle), and a model coupling mechanism (e.g., bidirectional mapping functions). The fast and slow scale models are obtained by polynomial regression analysis and using the concept of the Paris Law, respectively. The coupling mechanism is established through introduction of dynamic mass into the model. The improvement in bearing service life prediction, obtained by the presented MTSM strategy is experimentally validated. C1 [Sheng, Shuangwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sheng, SW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Shuangwen.Sheng@nrel.gov; RGao@engr.uconn.edu OI sheng, shuangwen/0000-0003-0134-0907 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4892-0 PY 2010 BP 645 EP 652 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BPU11 UT WOS:000279952600083 ER PT B AU Fine, BT Stearns, H Tomizuka, M AF Fine, Benjamin T. Stearns, Hoday Tomizuka, Masayoshi GP ASME TI IDENTIFICATION IN ITERATIVE LEARNING CONTROL: A MODEL BASED, ITERATION VARYING LEARNING FILTER FOR PRECISION CONTROL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE 2009, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2009)/Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control CY OCT 12-14, 2009 CL Hollywood, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div, ASME, Fluid Power Syst Div ID SYSTEMS AB Linear Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithms have been known to also perform well for nonlinear systems whose dominant system dynamics are linear In order for the learning filter to take advantage of more system information, we propose here a model based ILC algorithm which uses an iteration varying learning filter Before the next iteration's feedforward control is computed, the linearized system model is first estimated using a least squares approximation. We implement this algorithm on a wafer stage prototype whose dominant system dynamics are linear with a weak nonlinear actuator disturbance. Because the nonlinear disturbance is state dependent, the linear dynamics will shift as the ILC algorithm is converging. We show that as the system converges to the desired trajectory the plant parameter also converge. C1 [Fine, Benjamin T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fine, BT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bfine@sandia.gov; hodayx@berkeley.edu; tomizuka@me.berkeley.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4892-0 PY 2010 BP 1469 EP 1476 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BPU11 UT WOS:000279952600191 ER PT B AU Francois, MM Carlson, NN AF Francois, Marianne M. Carlson, Neil N. GP ASME TI THE BALANCED-FORCE VOLUME TRACKING ALGORITHM AND GLOBAL EMBEDDED INTERFACE FORMULATION FOR DROPLET DYNAMICS WITH MASS TRANSFER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SURFACE-TENSION; FLOW AB Understanding the complex interaction of droplet dynamics with mass transfer and chemical reactions is of fundamental importance in liquid-liquid extraction. High-fidelity numerical simulation of droplet dynamics with interfacial mass transfer is particularly challenging because the position of the interface between the fluids and the interface physics need to be predicted as part of the solution of the flow equations. In addition, the discontinuity in fluid density, viscosity and species concentration at the interface present additional numerical challenges. In this work, we extend our balanced-force volume-tracking algorithm for modeling surface tension force (Francois et al., 2006) and we propose a global embedded interface formulation to model the interfacial conditions of an interface in thermodynamic equilibrium. To validate our formulation, we perform simulations of pure diffusion problems in one- and two-dimensions. Then we present two and three-dimensional simulations of a single droplet dynamics rising by buoyancy with mass transfer. C1 [Francois, Marianne M.; Carlson, Neil N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Francois, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700010 ER PT B AU Crandall, D Ahmadi, G Bromhal, G AF Crandall, Dustin Ahmadi, Goodarz Bromhal, Grant GP ASME TI HEAT FLUX TO FLUIDS WITHIN A ROCK FRACTURE IN A GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID SINGLE FRACTURE; FLOW AB Fractures in rocks enable the motion of fluids through the large, hot geologic formations of geothermal reservoirs. The heat transfer from the surrounding rock mass to the fluid flowing through a fracture depends on the geometry of the fracture, the fluid/solid properties, and the flow rate through the fracture. A numerical study was conducted to evaluate the changes in heat transfer to the fluid flowing through a rock fracture with changes in the flow rate. The aperture distribution of the rock fracture, originally created within Berea sandstone and imaged using a CT-scanner, is well described by a Gaussian distribution and has a mean aperture of approximately 0.6 mm. Water was used as the working fluid, enabling an evaluation of the efficiency of heat flux to the fluid along the flow path of a hot dry geothermal system. As the flow through the fracture was increased to a Reynolds number greater than 2300 the effect of channeling through large aperture regions within the fracture were observed to become increasingly important. For the fastest flows modeled the heat flux to the working fluids was reduced due to a shorter residence time of the fluid in the fracture. Understanding what conditions can maximize the amount of energy obtained from fractures within a hot dry geologic field can improve the operation and long-term viability of enhanced geothermal systems. C1 [Crandall, Dustin] URS, Washington Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Crandall, D (reprint author), URS, Washington Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700102 ER PT B AU Rollin, B Andrews, MJ AF Rollin, Bertrand Andrews, Malcolm J. GP ASME TI ON THE "EARLY-TIME" EVOLUTION OF VARIABLES RELEVANT TO TURBULENCE MODELS FOR THE RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID SIMULATIONS; FLOW AB We present our progress toward setting initial conditions in variable density turbulence models. In particular, we concentrate our efforts on the BHR turbulence model [1] for turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Our approach is to predict profiles of relevant variables before fully turbulent regime and use them as initial conditions for the turbulence model. We use an idealized model of mixing between two interpenetrating fluids to define the initial profiles for the turbulence model variables. Velocities and volume fractions used in the idealized mixing model are obtained respectively from a set of ordinary differential equations modeling the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and from an idealization of the density profile in the mixing layer. A comparison between predicted profiles for the turbulence model variables and profiles of the variables obtained from low Atwood number three dimensional simulations show reasonable agreement. C1 [Rollin, Bertrand; Andrews, Malcolm J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Rollin, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 1233 EP 1239 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700137 ER PT B AU Mesina, GL AF Mesina, George L. GP ASME TI REFORMULATION RELAP5-3D IN FORTRAN 95 AND RESULTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB RELAP5-3D is a nuclear power plant code used worldwide for safety analysis, design, and operator training. In keeping with ongoing developments in the computing industry, we have re-architected the code in the FORTRAN 95 language [2], the current, fully-available, ANSI standard FORTRAN language. These changes include a complete reworking of the database and conversion of the source code to take advantage of new constructs. The improvements and impacts to the code are manifold. It is a completely machine-independent code that produces machine independent fluid property and plot files and expands to the exact size needed to accommodate the user's input. Runtime is generally better for larger input models, many prior user-reported problems have been resolved, and the program is better tested. Other impacts of code reformulation are improved code readability, reduced maintenance and development time, increased adaptability to new computing platforms, and increased code longevity. Comparison between the pre- and post-conversion code are made on the basis of programming metrics and code performance. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mesina, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM George.Mesina@inl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 1959 EP 1968 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700223 ER PT B AU Schultz, RR Kadakia, HJ Liou, JCP Williams, BG AF Schultz, Richard R. Kadakia, Hirai J. Liou, Jim C. P. Williams, Brian G. GP ASME TI SATURATED-SUBCOOLED STRATIFIED FLOW IN HORIZONTAL PIPES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Advanced light water reactor systems are designed to use passive emergency core cooling systems with horizontal pipes that provide highly subcooled water from water storage tanks or passive heat exchangers to the reactor vessel core under accident conditions. Because passive systems are driven by density gradients, the horizontal pipes often do not flow full and thus have a free surface that is exposed to saturated steam and stratified flow is present. The subcooled water flows into the reactor vessel via the downcomer-which is an annular region separated from the core by a cylindrical, steel, inner liner. Under accident conditions, where the horizontal pipes are only partially full, both saturated water and saturated steam from the downcomer are likely to be present in the pipe. The saturated water is quasi-static and the fraction of the free surface that is saturated water is dictated by the physics of the flow. The saturated steam is usually flowing in the countercurrent direction to the subcooled water. Consequently the flow may be a three-layered system with saturated steam over a static saturated liquid layer over a flowing subcooled layer. The conditions leading to a saturated liquid layer that separates the saturated steam from flowing subcooled water are explored. The variables that influence the formation of the saturated liquid layer and enable the saturated layer to be maintained for a spectrum of conditions, including steam flow in the countercurrent direction to the subcooled water, are derived, and compared to experimental data. Conclusions regarding this type of flow are given. Finally, typical steam flow velocities that may induce wave-bridging, leading to condensation-induced-water hammer, are identified. C1 [Schultz, Richard R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schultz, RR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 1981 EP 1993 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700225 ER PT B AU Johnson, RW McIlroy, HM AF Johnson, Richard W. McIlroy, Hugh M. GP ASME TI CFD SIMULATION OF PROPOSED VALIDATION DATA FOR A FLOW PROBLEM RECONFIGURED TO ELIMINATE AN UNDESIRABLE FLOW INSTABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010 - VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting the development of a next generation nuclear plant (NGNP), which will be based on a very high temperature reactor (VHTR) design. The VHTR is a single-phase helium-cooled reactor wherein the helium will be heated initially to 750 degrees C and later to temperatures approaching 1000 degrees C. The high temperatures are desired to increase reactor efficiency and to provide a heat source for the manufacture of hydrogen and other applications. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has not been used in the past to design or license nuclear reactors in the U. S., it is expected that CFD will be used in the design and safety analysis of forthcoming designs. This is partly because of the maturity of CFD and partly because detailed information is desired of the flow and heat transfer inside the reactor to avoid hot spots and other conditions that might compromise reactor safety. Numerical computations of turbulent flow should be validated against experimental data for flow conditions that contain some or all of the physics expected in the thermal fluid machinery of interest. To this end, a scaled model of a narrow slice of the lower plenum of the prismatic VHTR was constructed and installed in the Idaho National Laboratory's (INL) matched index of refraction (MIR) test facility and data were taken. The data were then studied and compared to CFD calculations to help determine their suitability for validation data. One of the main findings was that the inlet data, which were measured and controlled by calibrated mass flow rotameters and were also measured using detailed stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) showed considerable discrepancies in mass flow rate between the two methods. The other finding was that a randomly unstable recirculation zone occurs in the flow. This instability has a very significant effect on the flow field in the vicinity of the inlet jets. Because its time scale is long and because it is apparently a random instability, it was deemed undesirable for a validation data set. It was predicted using CFD that by eliminating the first of the four jets, the recirculation zone could be stabilized. The present paper reports detailed results for the three-jet case with comparisons to the four-jet data inasmuch as three-jet data are still unavailable. Hence, the present simulations are true or blind predictions. C1 [Johnson, Richard W.; McIlroy, Hugh M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Johnson, RW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Rich.Johnson@inl.gov; Hugh.McIlroy@inl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4948-4 PY 2010 BP 2259 EP 2264 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM42 UT WOS:000307365700255 ER PT B AU Wendel, M Abdou, A Paguit, V Felde, D Rimer, B AF Wendel, Mark Abdou, Ashraf Paguit, Vincent Felde, David Rimer, Bernard GP ASME TI Creating Small Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury Using Turbulence at an Orifice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID BREAKUP; TARGET AB Pressure waves created in liquid mercury pulsed spallation targets have been shown to create cavitation damage to the target container. One way to mitigate such damage would be to absorb the pressure pulse energy into a dispersed population of small bubbles, however, creating such a population in mercury is difficult due to the high surface tension and particularly the non-wetting behavior of mercury on gas-injection hardware. If the larger injected gas bubbles can be broken down into small bubbles after they are introduced to the flow, then the material interface problem is avoided. Research at the Oak Ridge National Labarotory is underway to develop a technique that has shown potential to provide an adequate population of small-enough bubbles to a flowing spallation target. This technique involves gas injection at an orifice of a geometry that is optimized to the turbulence intensity and pressure distribution of the flow, while avoiding coalescence of gas at injection sites. The most successful geometry thus far can be described as a square-toothed orifice having a 2.5 bar pressure drop in the mercury flow of 8 L/s for one of the target inlet legs. Highspeed video and high-resolution photography have been used to quantify the bubble population on the surface of the mercury downstream of the gas injection site. Also, computational fluid dynamics has been used to optimize the dimensions of the toothed orifice based on a RANS computed mean flow including turbulent energies such that 1 the turbulent dissipation and pressure field are best suited for turbulent break-up of the gas bubbles. C1 [Wendel, Mark; Abdou, Ashraf; Paguit, Vincent; Felde, David; Rimer, Bernard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendel, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wendelmw@ornl.gov; ibrahimaa@ornl.gov; paquitvc@ornl.gov; feldedk@ornl.gov; riemerbw@ornl.gov RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013; OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598; Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4949-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM43 UT WOS:000307365800001 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Meyer, PA AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Meyer, Perry A. GP ASME TI CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION DURING PULSE JET MIXING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Obtaining real-time, in situ slurry concentration measurements during unsteady mixing can provide increased understanding into mixer performance. During recent tests an ultrasonic attenuation sensor was inserted into a mixing vessel to measure the slurry concentration during unsteady mixing in real time during pulse jet mixer operation. These pulse jet mixing tests to suspend noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid were conducted at three geometric scales. To understand the solids suspension process and resulting solids distribution, the concentration of solids in the cloud was measured at various elevations and radial positions during the pulse jet mixer cycle. In the largest scale vessel, concentration profiles were measured at three radial locations: r = 0, 0.5 and 0.9 R where R is the vessel radius. These radial concentration data are being analyzed to provide a model for predicting concentration as a function of elevation. This paper describes pulse jet mixer operation, provides a description of the concentration probe, and presents transient concentration data obtained at three radial positions: in the vessel center (O R), midway between the center and the wall (0.5 R) and near the vessel wall (0.9 R) through out the pulse to provide insight into pulse jet mixer performance. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Meyer, Perry A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM judith.bamberger@pnl.gov; perry.meyer@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4949-1 PY 2010 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBM43 UT WOS:000307365800033 ER PT B AU Gupta, SB Bihari, B Biruduganti, M Sekar, R AF Gupta, Sreenath B. Bihari, Bipin Biruduganti, Munidhar Sekar, Raj GP ASME TI IN-CYLINDER EQUIVALENCE RATIO MEASURIEMENTS IN A EGR EQUIPPED ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED SPARK; TO-AIR RATIO; SPECTROMETRY AB A single-cylinder natural gas fueled engine equipped with a Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system was ignited using a laser. The broadband emission from the spark kernel was spectrally resolved and the peaks corresponding to Ha, N and O atoms were measured for a range of conditions with global equivalence ratios ranging between 0.6 and 1.0, and for Exhaust Gas Recirculation fractions up to 29%. The (H alpha/O) and (H alpha/N) peak intensity ratios from the spectral scans correlated extremely well (R(2) > 0.97) with local oxygen based equivalence ratios. Appropriate relations were developed to relate such values to global equivalence ratios and the EGR rate. For homogenous intake charge, the present LIBS diagnostic enables estimation of one of the two values, global equivalence ratio or EGR rate, with the knowledge of the other. C1 [Gupta, Sreenath B.; Bihari, Bipin; Biruduganti, Munidhar; Sekar, Raj] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gupta, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600007 ER PT B AU Bihari, B Gupta, SB Biruduganti, MS Sekar, RR AF Bihari, Bipin Gupta, Sreenath. B. Biruduganti, Munidhar S. Sekar, Raj R. GP ASME TI IN-CYLINDER OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS IN A LASER IGNITED NATURAL GAS FIRED RECIPROCATING ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB In-cylinder combustion gas temperature and rate of heat release are important combustion metrics in internal combustion engines. Such metrics play an important role in the development of strategies for reduced emissions and improved engine performance. The traditional practice has been to measure in-cylinder pressures and deduce the metrics using simple thermodynamic treatments. However, with the availability of improved optics, especially in the field of fiber-optics, optical access to in-cylinder combustion becomes possible. Two diagnostics that measure spectral emission from CO(2)* and OH* species within the combustion environment of a natural gas fueled IC engine were evaluated. The combustion temperatures were varied by operating the engine over an EQR of 0.6 - 1.0 and different levels of exhaust gas recirculation. CO(2)* emission does not lend itself to prediction of crank-angle resolved combustion metrics. However its peak values in a combustion cycle correlated well with both rate of heat release as well as peak combustion temperature during the cycle. In contrast temperatures derived from curve fitting to OH* emission spectra enabled measurement of crank angle resolved in-cylinder temperatures. C1 [Bihari, Bipin; Gupta, Sreenath. B.; Biruduganti, Munidhar S.; Sekar, Raj R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bihari, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600010 ER PT B AU Wallner, T AF Wallner, Thomas GP ASME TI CORRELATION BETWEEN SPECIATED HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS AND FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR RESPONSE FOR GASOLINE/ALCOHOL BLENDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard has made it a requirement to increase the production of ethanol and advanced biofuels to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Ethanol will be capped at 15 billion gallons, which leaves 21 billion gallons to come from other sources, such as butanol. Butanol has a higher energy density and lower affinity for water than ethanol. Moreover, alcohol fueled engines in general have been shown to positively affect engine-out emissions of oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide compared to their gasoline fueled counterparts. In light of these developments the variety and blend levels of oxygenated constituents is likely to increase in the foreseeable future. The effect on engine-out emissions for total hydrocarbons (THC) is less clear due to the relative insensitivity of the flame ionization detector (FID) toward alcohols and aldehydes. It is well documented that hydrocarbon (HC) measurement using a conventional FID in presence of oxygenates in the engine exhaust stream can lead to a misinterpretation of HC emissions trends for alcohol fuel blends. Characterization of the exhaust stream for all expected hydrocarbon constituents is required to accurately determine the actual concentration of unburned fuel components in the exhaust. In addition to a conventional exhaust emissions bench, this characterization requires supplementary instrumentation capable of hydrocarbon speciation and response factor independent quantification. Although required for certification testing, this sort of instrumentation is not yet widely available in engine development facilities. Therefore an attempt is made to empirically determine an oxygenate fuel, FID correction factor. Exhaust emissions of an engine fueled with several blends of gasoline and ethanol, n-Butanol and iso-Butanol were characterized using both a conventional FID and an FTIR. Based on these results, a response factor predicting the actual hydrocarbon emissions, based solely on FID results as a function of alcohol type and content, is presented. Finally the correlation derived from data presented in this study is compared to equations and results found in the literature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wallner, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600015 ER PT B AU Bunce, M Snyder, D Adi, G Hall, C Shaver, G AF Bunce, Mike Snyder, David Adi, Gayatri Hall, Carrie Shaver, Gregory GP ASME TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF SOY BIODIESEL BLENDS IN A MODERN DIESEL ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID INJECTION SYSTEM AB As the world is faced with continued petroleum demand, the need for alternative fuels which are renewable and domestically available is becoming apparent. Biodiesel is one such attractive alternative fuel which has physical and chemical properties similar to, and miscible with conventional diesel. While biodiesel does have many advantages, due to fuel property differences including oxygenation and a lower calorific value than diesel fuel, biodiesel combustion often results in higher fuel consumption and higher nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emissions than diesel combustion. Stock diesel engine design and decision making target optimal performance with conventional diesel fuel, leading to suboptimal results for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the appropriate engine decision making for the air/fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction, injection (rail) pressure, and start of main fuel injection (SOI) in a modern common rail diesel engine using variable geometry turbo-charging and operating with varying blend ratios of diesel and soy-based biodiesel fuel mixtures to minimize brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and adhere to strict combustion noise, NO(x) and particulate matter (PM) emission constraints. When operating with the stock engine decision making, biodiesel blend combustion resulted in increases in NO(x) of up to 39% and fuel consumption increases up to 20% higher than the nominal diesel levels but also had substantial reductions in PM. Through modulation of the AFR, EGR fracton, rail pressure, and SOI at several operating points, it was demonstrated that the optimal engine decision-making for biodiesel shifted to lower AFRs and higher EGR fractions in order to reduce NO, and shifted to more advanced timings in order to mitigate the observed increases in fuel consumption at the nominal settings. The optimal parameter combinations for B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) and B100 (100% biodiesel) still maintained substantial PM reductions but resulted in NO and noise levels below nominal diesel levels. However, these parameter combinations had little impact on reducing the biodiesel fuel consumption penalty but did improve the thermal efficiency of biodiesel blend combustion. C1 [Bunce, Mike] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Bunce, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600016 ER PT B AU Scarcelli, R Wallner, T Obermair, H Salazar, VM Kaiser, SA AF Scarcelli, Riccardo Wallner, Thomas Obermair, Hermann Salazar, Victor M. Kaiser, Sebastian A. GP ASME TI CFD AND OPTICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF FLUID DYNAMICS AND MIXTURE FORMATION IN A DI-H(2)ICE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIRECT-INJECTION; VELOCIMETRY; FLOW; PIV AB This paper reports the validation of a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the in-cylinder processes during gas-exchange, injection, and compression in a direct-injection, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine. Computational results from the commercial code Fluent are compared to experimental data acquired by laser-based measurements in a corresponding optically accessible engine. The simulation includes the intake-port geometry as well as the injection event with its supersonic hydrogen jet. The cylinder geometry is typical of passenger-car sized spark-ignited engines. Gaseous hydrogen is injected from a high-pressure injector with a single-hole nozzle. Numerically and experimentally determined flow fields in the vertical, central symmetry plane are compared for a series of crank angles during the compression stroke, with and without fuel injection. With hydrogen injection, the fuel mole-fraction in the same data plane is included in the comparison as well. C1 [Scarcelli, Riccardo; Wallner, Thomas; Obermair, Hermann] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scarcelli, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Winkler, Niklas/G-2057-2011 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 175 EP 188 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600020 ER PT B AU He, X Ireland, JC Zigler, BT Ratcliff, MA Knoll, KE Alleman, TL Luecke, JH Tester, JT AF He, Xin Ireland, John C. Zigler, Bradley T. Ratcliff, Matthew A. Knoll, Keith E. Alleman, Teresa L. Luecke, Jon H. Tester, John T. GP ASME TI THE IMPACTS OF MID-LEVEL ALCOHOL CONTENT IN GASOLINE ON SIDI ENGINE-OUT AND TAILPIPE EMISSIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB The influences of ethanol and iso-butanol on gasoline engine performance, engine-out and tailpipe emissions were studied using a General Motors (GM) 2.0L turbocharged gasoline spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine. U.S. federal certification gasoline (E0), two ethanol-blended fuels (E10 and E20), and 11.7% iso-butanol blended fuels were tested. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure non-regulated species including methane, ethylene, acetylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, isobutylene, 1,3-butadiene, n-pentane, and iso-octane. A Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) spectrometer was used to measure the particle number (PN) size distribution in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm. The regulated emissions total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NO) were also measured. Both engine-out and tailpipe emissions results are presented as functions of alcohol content. In general, the alcohols tested reduced total PN emissions, with iso-butanol demonstrating the greatest reduction. Increasing ethanol content and iso-butanol increased formaldehyde emissions, with iso-butanol exhibiting the highest increase. Isobutanol increased iso-butylene emission; however, it reduced emissions of 1,3-butadiene. Within the context of this study, the alcohols did not significantly change the other regulated emissions. C1 [He, Xin; Ireland, John C.; Zigler, Bradley T.; Ratcliff, Matthew A.; Knoll, Keith E.; Alleman, Teresa L.; Luecke, Jon H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 189 EP 201 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600021 ER PT B AU Kastengren, A Powell, CF Liu, ZP Moon, S Gao, J Zhang, XS Wang, J AF Kastengren, Alan Powell, Christopher F. Liu, Zunping Moon, Seoksu Gao, Jian Zhang, Xusheng Wang, Jin GP ASME TI End-of-Injection Behavior of Diesel Sprays Measured with X-Ray Radiography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID DENSITY AB The behavior of diesel fuel sprays at the end of injection is poorly understood, yet has important implications regarding diesel engine emissions. Recent research has shown that at the end of injection, an entrainment wave is created, causing the fuel spray to rapidly entrain ambient gas. This rapid entrainment creates a dilute mixture of fuel that may be a source of unburned fuel emissions. In this study, x-ray radiography is used to examine the end-of-injection behavior of diesel sprays. X-ray radiography permits quantitative mass distribution measurements in dense sprays, providing data that cannot be obtained with optical techniques. Analysis of the spray velocity at steady-state suggests an entrainment wave speed of several hundred m/s, which is supported by the appearance of a travelling entrainment wave at low ambient density. The spray density declines most rapidly near the nozzle, behavior that matches the expected entrainment wave behavior. In several cases, the spray distribution in a cross-section across the nozzle axis becomes smoother at the end of injection. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the spray density at the end of injection show that the spray plume widens considerably, enhancing the dilution caused by the reduction in spray mass in the flowfield. Measurements of injector needle motion with x-ray phase contrast imaging show that throttling across the needle seat may cause a smearing of the ideally sharp entrainment wave. C1 [Kastengren, Alan; Powell, Christopher F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kastengren, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 279 EP 287 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600029 ER PT B AU Ciatti, S Subramanian, SN AF Ciatti, Stephen Subramanian, Swami Nathan GP ASME TI AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF LOW OCTANE GASOLINE IN DIESEL ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst AB Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Advance combustion concepts have proved the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NO(x) and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NO(x) emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Diesel operated LTC is limited by early knocking combustion whereas conventional gasoline operated LTC is limited by misfiring. So the concept of using an unconventional fuel with the properties in between those two boundary fuels has been experimented in this paper. Low octane (84 RON) gasoline has shown comparable diesel efficiencies with lowest NOx emissions at reasonable high power densities (NOx emission were 1 g/kW-hr at 12 bar BMEP and 2750 rpm). C1 [Ciatti, Stephen; Subramanian, Swami Nathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ciatti, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600033 ER PT B AU Devarakonda, M Tonkyn, R Tran, D Lee, J Herling, D AF Devarakonda, Maruthi Tonkyn, Russell Tran, Diana Lee, Jong Herling, Darrell GP ASME TI MODELING SPECIES INHIBITION OF NO OXIDATION IN UREA-SCR CATALYSTS FOR DIESEL ENGINE NOx CONTROL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID FE-ZSM5 AB Urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are regarded as the leading NOx aftertreatment technology to meet the 2010 NOx emission standards for on-highway vehicles running on heavy-duty diesel engines. However, issues such as low NOx conversion at low temperature conditions still exist due to various factors, including incomplete urea thermolysis, inhibition of SCR reactions by hydrocarbons and H2O. We have observed a noticeable reduction in the standard SCR reaction efficiency at low temperature with increasing water content. We observed a similar effect when hydrocarbons are present in the stream. This effect is absent under fast SCR conditions where NO similar to NO2 in the feed gas. As a first step in understanding the effects of such inhibition on SCR reaction steps, kinetic models that predict the inhibition behavior of H2O and hydrocarbons on NO oxidation are presented in the paper. A one-dimensional SCR model was developed based on conservation of species equations and was coded as a C-language S-function and implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. NO oxidation and NO2 dissociation kinetics were defined as a function of the respective adsorbate's storage in the SCR catalyst. The corresponding kinetic models were then validated on temperature ramp tests that showed good match with the test data. C1 [Devarakonda, Maruthi; Tonkyn, Russell; Tran, Diana; Lee, Jong; Herling, Darrell] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devarakonda, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maruthi.devarakonda@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 491 EP 498 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600048 ER PT B AU Edwards, KD Wagner, RM AF Edwards, K. Dean Wagner, Robert M. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATING POTENTIAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS THROUGH SIMULATION OF AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE FOR WASTE-HEAT RECOVERY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div HO SW Res Inst ID ENGINE; ENERGY AB Modern diesel engines used in light-duty transportation applications have peak brake thermal efficiencies in the range of 40-42% for high-load operation with substantially lower efficiencies at realistic road-load conditions. Thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis reveals that the largest losses from these engines are due to heat loss and combustion irreversibility. Substantial improvement in overall engine efficiency requires reducing or recovering these losses. Unfortunately, much of the heat transfer either occurs at relatively low temperatures resulting in large entropy generation (such as in the air-charge cooler), is transferred to low-exergy flow streams (such as the oil and engine coolant), or is radiated or convected directly to the environment. While there are significant opportunities for recovery from the exhaust and EGR cooler for heavy-duty applications, the potential benefits of such a strategy for light-duty diesel applications are unknown due to transient operation, the low thermal quality of exhaust gases at typical driving conditions, and the added mass of the system. Waste-heat recovery efforts will directly compete with NOx aftertreatment systems for the limited thermal energy in the exhaust during low-load operation. We have developed an organic Rankine cycle model using GT-Suite (R) to investigate the potential for efficiency improvement through waste-heat recovery from the exhaust and EGR cooler of a light-duty diesel engine. Results from steady-state and drive-cycle simulations are presented, and we discuss the operational difficulties associated with transient drive cycles and competition between waste-heat recovery systems, turbochargers, aftertreatment devices, and other systems for the limited thermal resources at typical driving conditions. C1 [Edwards, K. Dean; Wagner, Robert M.] Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Edwards, KD (reprint author), Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4944-6 PY 2010 BP 811 EP 822 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUW37 UT WOS:000290505600078 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Wagner, GJ AF Brown, Alexander L. Wagner, Gregory J. GP ASME TI FLUID SPREAD MODEL VALIDATION FOR EMERGING LIQUID TANK IMPACT PREDICTIVE METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 1: BIO HEAT TRANSFER, BOILING HEAT TRANSFER, COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC AB Transportation accidents frequently involve liquids dispersing in the atmosphere. Art example is that of aircraft impacts, which often result in spreading fuel and a subsequent fire. Predicting the resulting environment is of interest for design, safety, and forensic applications. This environment is challenging for many reasons, one among them being the disparate time and length scales that are necessary to resolve for an accurate physical representation of the problem. A recent computational method appropriate for this class of problems has been described for modeling the impact and subsequent liquid spread. Because the environment is difficult to instrument and costly to test, the existing validation data are of limited scope and quality. A comparatively well instrumented test involving a rocket propelled cylindrical tank of water was performed, the results of which are helpful to understand the adequacy of the modeling methods. Existing data include estimates of drop sizes at several locations, final liquid surface deposition mass integrated over surface area regions, and video evidence of liquid cloud spread distances. Comparisons are drawn between the experimental observations and the predicted results of the modeling methods to provide evidence regarding the accuracy of the methods. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM albrown@sandia.gov; gjwagne@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4936-1 PY 2010 BP 925 EP 934 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BBK55 UT WOS:000307201600106 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, PP Ranjan, D Mukundan, R Borup, RL AF Mukherjee, Partha P. Ranjan, Devesh Mukundan, Rangachary Borup, Rodney L. GP ASME TI HEAT AND WATER TRANSPORT IN A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL ELECTRODE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 5: FUEL CELLS, GAS TURBINES, HEAT PIPES, JET IMPINGEMENT, RADIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC AB In the present scenario of a global initiative toward a sustainable energy future, the polymer electrolyte fuel. cell (PEFC) has emerged as one of the most promising alternative energy conversion devices for various applications. Despite tremendous progress in recent years, a pivotal performance limitation in the PEFC comes from liquid water transport and the resulting flooding phenomena. Liquid water blocks the open pore space in the electrode and the fibrous diffusion layer leading to hindered oxygen transport. The electrode is also the only component in the entire PEFC sandwich which produces waste heat from the electrochemical reaction. The cathode electrode, being the host to several competing transport mechanisms, plays a crucial role in the overall PEFC performance limitation. In this work, an electrode model is presented in order to elucidate the coupled heat and water transport mechanisms. Two scenarios are specifically considered: (1) conventional, Nafion impregnated, three-phase electrode with the hydrated polymeric membrane phase as the conveyer of protons where local electro-neutrality prevails; and (2) ultra-thin, two-phase, nano-structured electrode without the presence of ionomeric phase where charge accumulation due to electro-statics in the vicinity of the membrane-CL interface becomes important. The electrode model includes a physical description of heat and water balance along with electrochemical performance analysis in order to study the influence of electro-statics/electro-migration and phase change on the PEFC electrode performance. C1 [Mukherjee, Partha P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Ranjan, Devesh/0000-0002-1231-9313 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4940-8 PY 2010 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBK61 UT WOS:000307208800007 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, SB El-Genk, MS AF Rodriguez, Sal B. El-Genk, Mohamed S. GP ASME TI COOLING OF AN ISOTHERMAL PLATE USING A TRIANGULAR ARRAY OF SWIRLING AIR JETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 5: FUEL CELLS, GAS TURBINES, HEAT PIPES, JET IMPINGEMENT, RADIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; HEAT-TRANSFER; VORTEX BREAKDOWN; FLOW; RECIRCULATION AB Cooling with swirling jets is an effective means for enhancing heat transfer and improving spatial uniformity of the cooling rate in many applications. This paper investigates cooling a flat, isothermal plate at 1,000 K using a single and a triangular array of swirling air jets, and characterizes the resulting flow field and the air temperature above the plate. This problem was modeled using the Fuego computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code that is being developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The separation distance to jet diameter, LID, varied from 3 to 12, Reynolds number, Re, varied from 5x10(3)-5x10(4), and the swirl number, S varied from 0 to 2.49. The formation of the central recirculation zone (CRZ) and its impact on heat transfer were also investigated. For a hubless swirling jet, a CRZ was generated whenever S >= 0.67, in agreement with experimental data and our mathematical derivation for swirl (hclicoid) azimuthal and axial velocities. On the other hand, for S <= 0.058, the velocity field closely approximated that of a conventional jet. With the azimuthal velocity of a swirling jet decaying as 1/z(2), most mixing occurred only a few jet diameters from the jet nozzle. Highest cooling occurred when L/D = 3 and S = 0.12 to 0.79. Heat transfer enhancement increased as S or Re increased, or LID decreased. C1 [Rodriguez, Sal B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4940-8 PY 2010 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBK61 UT WOS:000307208800061 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PE Phinney, LM Serrano, JR Beechem, TE AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Phinney, Leslie M. Serrano, Justin R. Beechem, Thomas E. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND OXIDE LAYER ON THE THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDUCTANCE AT ALUMINUM/SILICON INTERFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 6: MICROCHANNELS, NANO, NANOFLUIDS, SPRAY COOLING, POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID RESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS; DISORDER; MODEL AB Thermal boundary resistance dominates the thermal resistance in nanosystems since material length scales are comparable to material mean free paths. The primary scattering mechanism in nanosystems is interface scattering, and the structure and composition around these interfaces can affect scattering rates and, therefore, device thermal resistances. In this work, the thermal boundary conductance (the inverse of the thermal boundary resistance) is measured using a pump-probe thermoreflectance technique on aluminum films grown on silicon substrates that are subjected to various pre-Al-deposition surface treatments. The Si surfaces are characterized with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to determine mean surface roughness. The measured thermal boundary conductance decreases as Si surface roughness increases. In addition, stripping the native oxide layer on the surface of the Si substrate immediately prior to Al film deposition causes the thermal boundary conductance to increase. The measured data are then compared to an extension of the diffuse mismatch model that accounts for interfacial mixing and structure around the interface. C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Serrano, Justin R.; Beechem, Thomas E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4941-5 PY 2010 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BBK59 UT WOS:000307207400037 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PE Kaehr, BJ Phinney, LM Koehler, TP Grillet, AM Dunphy, D Garcia, F Brinker, CJ AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Kaehr, Bryan J. Phinney, Leslie M. Koehler, Timothy P. Grillet, Anne M. Dunphy, Darren Garcia, Fred Brinker, C. Jeffrey GP ASME TI OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POROUS SiO2 FILMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 6: MICROCHANNELS, NANO, NANOFLUIDS, SPRAY COOLING, POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID 3-OMEGA METHOD; SILICON FILMS; THERMOREFLECTANCE AB Nanocomposites offer unique capabilities of controlling thermal transport through the manipulation of various structural aspects of the material. However, measurements of the thermal properties of these composites are often difficult, especially porous nanomaterials. Optical measurements of these properties, although ideal due to the noncontact nature, are challenging due to the large surface variability of nanoporous structures. Recently, a novel pump-probe geometry was used in Time Domain Thermoreflectance (TDTR) to determine the thermal conductivity of liquids. In this work, we develop a thermal algorithm to solve for the temperature change and heat transfer in this TDTR geometry in which a thin film which is subjected to a modulated heat source is sandwiched between two thermally conductive pathways. We validate our thermal algorithm with TDTR measurements of the thermal conductivity and on a series of porous SiO2-based nanostructured films. C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Kaehr, Bryan J.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Koehler, Timothy P.; Grillet, Anne M.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4941-5 PY 2010 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BBK59 UT WOS:000307207400043 ER PT B AU Narumanchi, S Kim, K AF Narumanchi, Sreekant Kim, Kwiseon GP ASME TI MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MODELING OF HEAT TRANSPORT IN METALS AND SEMICONDUCTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 6: MICROCHANNELS, NANO, NANOFLUIDS, SPRAY COOLING, POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC DE Molecular dynamics; silicon; aluminum; interfaces; thermal conductivity; thermal conductance ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY CONDUCTANCE; INTERFACES; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; SI AB Interfacial thermal transport is of great importance in a number of practical applications where interfacial resistance between layers is frequently a major bottleneck to effective heat dissipation. For example, efficient heat transfer at silicon/aluminum and silicon/copper interfaces is very critical in power electronics packages used in hybrid electric vehicle applications. It is therefore important to understand the factors that govern and impact thermal transport at semiconductor/metal interfaces. Hence, in this study, we use classical molecular dynamics modeling to understand and study thermal transport in silicon and aluminum, and some preliminary modeling to study thermal transport at the interface between silicon and aluminum. A good match is shown between our modeling results for thermal conductivity in silicon and aluminum and the experimental data. The modeling results from this study also match well with relevant numerical studies in the literature for thermal conductivity. In addition, preliminary modeling results indicate that the interfacial thermal conductance for a perfect silicon/aluminum interface is of the same order as experimental data in the literature as well as diffuse mismatch model results accounting for realistic phonon dispersion curves. C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant; Kim, Kwiseon] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM sreekant.narumanchi@nrel.gov OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4941-5 PY 2010 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BBK59 UT WOS:000307207400064 ER PT B AU Oh, CH Kim, ES AF Oh, Chang H. Kim, Eung S. GP ASME TI AIR INGRESS ANALYSIS: COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC MODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 7: NATURAL CONVECTION, NATURAL/MIXED CONVECTION, NUCLEAR, PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS, SOLAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC AB Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is performing research and development that focuses on key phenomena important during potential scenarios that may occur in very high temperature reactors (VHTRs). Phenomena identification and ranking studies to date have ranked an air ingress event, following on the heels of a VHTR depressurization, as important with regard to core safety. Consequently, the development of advanced air-ingress-related models and verification and validation data are a very high priority. Following a loss of coolant and system depressurization incident, air will enter the core of the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor through the break, possibly causing oxidation of the core and reflector graphite structure. Simple core and plant models indicate that, under certain circumstances, the oxidation may proceed at an elevated rate with additional heat generated from the oxidation reaction itself. Under postulated conditions of fluid flow and temperature, excessive degradation of lower plenum graphite can lead to a loss of structural support. Excessive oxidation of core graphite can also lead to a release of fission products into the confinement, which could be detrimental to reactor safety. Computational fluid dynamics models developed in this study will improve our understanding of this phenomenon. This paper presents two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results for the quantitative assessment of the air ingress phenomena. A portion of the results from density-driven stratified flow in the inlet pipe will be compared with the experimental results. C1 [Oh, Chang H.; Kim, Eung S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4942-2 PY 2010 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BBK62 UT WOS:000307209200040 ER PT B AU O'Brien, JE AF O'Brien, James E. GP ASME TI LARGE SCALE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM NUCLEAR ENERGY USING HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID STEAM ELECTROLYSIS; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; ELECTRICITY; ECONOMY; OXYGEN AB Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high-temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high-temperature process heat. When coupled to an advanced high temperature nuclear reactor, the overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high-temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Demand for hydrogen is increasing rapidly for refining of increasingly low-grade petroleum resources, such as the Athabasca oil sands and for ammonia-based fertilizer production. Large quantities of hydrogen are also required for carbon-efficient conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. With supplemental nuclear hydrogen, almost all of the carbon in the biomass can be converted to liquid fuels in a nearly carbon-neutral fashion. Ultimately, hydrogen may be employed as a direct transportation fuel in a "hydrogen economy." The large quantity of hydrogen that would be required for this concept should be produced without consuming fossil fuels or emitting greenhouse gases. An overview of the high-temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic theory, modeling, and experimental activities. Modeling activities include both computational fluid dynamics and large-scale systems analysis. We have also demonstrated high-temperature electrolysis in our laboratory at the 15 kW scale, achieving a hydrogen production rate in excess of 5500 L/hr. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP O'Brien, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4943-9 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 308 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBK60 UT WOS:000307207900029 ER PT B AU Pesaran, AA AF Pesaran, Ahmad A. GP ASME TI CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE BATTERIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2010, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Washington, DC AB Batteries are considered to be a critical component for making future transportation more energy-efficient and less dependent on petroleum through hybrid, plug-in hybrid, electric, and fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, the current status of batteries for electric drive vehicle applications will be discussed. Special attention will be given to the thermal issues associated with batteries in vehicle environment. We will also discuss future needs of batteries for further development. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pesaran, AA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ahmad.pesaran@nrel.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4943-9 PY 2010 BP 549 EP 557 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBK60 UT WOS:000307207900044 ER PT B AU Crawford, SL Doctor, SR Cinson, AD Cumblidge, SE Anderson, MT AF Crawford, Susan L. Doctor, Steven R. Cinson, Anthony D. Cumblidge, Stephen E. Anderson, Michael T. GP ASME TI PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF NDE METHODS ON INSPECTION OF HDPE BUTT FUSION PIPING JOINTS FOR LACK OF FUSION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Studies at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, are being conducted to evaluate nondestructive examination approaches for inspecting butt fusion joints in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for lack of fusion (LOF). The work provides information to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission on the effectiveness and need for volumetric inspection techniques of HDPE butt fusion joints in Section III, Division 1, Class 3, buried piping systems in nuclear power plants. This paper describes results from preliminary assessments using ultrasonic nondestructive techniques and high-speed tensile impact testing for determining joint integrity. A series of butt joints were fabricated in 3408, 12-inch IPS DR-11 material by varying the fusion parameters in attempts to provide good joints and joints containing LOF. These butt joints were visually examined and volumetrically examined with time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) and phased-array (PA) ultrasound. A limited subset of pipe joint material was destructively analyzed by either slicing through the joint and visually examining the surface or by employing a standard high-speed tensile impact test. Initial correlation of the fusion parameters, nondestructive, and destructive evaluations have shown that areas with gross LOF were detected with both TOED and PA ultrasound and that the tensile impact test showed a brittle failure at the joint. There is still some ambiguity in results from the less obvious LOF conditions. Current work is targeted on assessing the sensitivity of the ultrasonic volumetric examinations and validating the results with a destructive analysis. It is expected that on-going and future work will lead to quantifying the ultrasonic responses in terms of joint integrity. C1 [Crawford, Susan L.; Doctor, Steven R.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Cumblidge, Stephen E.; Anderson, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crawford, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4368-0 PY 2010 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ37 UT WOS:000282195600026 ER PT B AU Leishear, RA AF Leishear, Robert A. GP ASME TI HYDROGEN IGNITION MECHANISM FOR EXPLOSIONS IN NUCLEAR FACILITY PIPE SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 3 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE Hydrogen; explosions; nuclear facility; power plant; safety AB Hydrogen and oxygen generation due to the radiolysis of water is a recognized hazard in pipe systems used in the nuclear industry, where the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen at high points in the pipe system is expected, and explosive conditions exist. Pipe ruptures at nuclear facilities were attributed to hydrogen explosions inside pipelines, in nuclear facilities, i.e., Hamaoka, Nuclear Power Station in Japan, and Brunsbuettel in Germany. Prior to these accidents an ignition source for hydrogen was questionable, but these accidents, demonstrated that a mechanism was, in fact, available to initiate combustion and explosion. Hydrogen explosions may occur simultaneously with water hammer accidents in nuclear facilities, and a theoretical mechanism to relate water hammer to hydrogen deflagrations and explosions is presented herein. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Leishear, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM Robert.Leishear@SRNL.DOE.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4922-4 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 907 EP 912 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE97 UT WOS:000291335500112 ER PT B AU Leishear, RA AF Leishear, Robert A. GP ASME TI Higher Mode Frequency Effects on Resonance in Machinery, Structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 3 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE Resonance; multi degree of freedom; single degree of freedom; transmissibility; dynamic stress; bending of beams; critical speeds AB The complexities of resonance in multi-degree of freedom systems (multi-DOF) may be clarified using graphic presentations. Multi-DOF systems represent actual systems, such as beams or springs, where multiple, higher order, natural frequencies occur. Resonance occurs when a cyclic load is applied to a structure, and the frequency of the applied load equals one of the natural frequencies. Both equations and graphic presentations are available in the literature for single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems, which describe the response of spring-mass-damper systems to harmonically applied, or cyclic, loads. Loads may be forces, moments, or forced displacements applied to one end of a structure. Multi-DOF systems are typically described only by equations in the literature, and while equations certainly permit a case by case analysis for specific conditions, graphs provide an overall comprehension not gleaned from single equations. In fact, this collection of graphed equations provides novel results, which describe the interactions between multiple natural frequencies, as well as a comprehensive description of increased vibrations near resonance. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Leishear, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM Robert.Leishear@SRNL.DOE.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4922-4 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 945 EP 955 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVE97 UT WOS:000291335500117 ER PT B AU Yip, M Haroldsen, B AF Yip, Mien Haroldsen, Brent BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI LIFE ASSESSMENT OF FULL-SCALE EDS VESSEL UNDER IMPULSIVE LOADINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) was developed by Sandia National Laboratories for the US Army Product Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) to destroy recovered, explosively configured, chemical munitions. PMNSCM currently has five EDS units that have processed over 1,400 items. The system uses linear and conical shaped charges to open munitions and attack the burster followed by chemical treatment of the agent. The main component of the EDS is a stainless steel, cylindrical vessel, which contains the explosion and the subsequent chemical treatment. Extensive modeling and testing have been used to design and qualify the vessel for different applications and conditions. The high explosive (HE) pressure histories and subsequent vessel response (strain histories) are modeled using the analysis codes CTH and LS-DYNA, respectively. Using the model results, a load rating for the EDS is determined based on design guidance provided in the ASME Code, Sect. VIII, Div. 3, Code Case No. 2564. One of the goals is to assess and understand the vessel's capacity in containing a wide variety of detonation sequences at various load levels. Of particular interest are to know the total number of detonation events at the rated load that can be processed inside each vessel, and a maximum load (such as that arising from an upset condition) that can be contained without causing catastrophic failure of the vessel. This paper will discuss application of Code Case 2564 to the stainless steel EDS vessels, including a fatigue analysis using a J-R curve, vessel response to extreme upset loads, and the effects of strain hardening from successive events. C1 [Yip, Mien; Haroldsen, Brent] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yip, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM myip@sandia.gov; blharol@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300016 ER PT B AU Moran, TL Ramuhalli, P Pardini, AF Doctor, SR Anderson, MT AF Moran, Traci L. Ramuhalli, Pradeep Pardini, Allan F. Doctor, Steven R. Anderson, Michael T. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI EVALUATING THE USE OF ULTRASONIC TESTING IN LIEU OF RADIOGRAPHY FOR INSPECTING WELDS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID REACTOR PRESSURE-VESSELS; DEFECTS AB The nuclear power industry has recently proposed using ultrasonic testing (UT) in lieu of radiographic testing (RT) on new construction welds and on the repairs of operating reactor component welds. Advantages of UT include a reduction in inspection time, costs, and plant personnel exposure to radiation fields. The replacement of one nondestructive testing method with another, however, requires a detailed analysis of the capabilities of the replacement method as compared to the existing method. Capabilities of interest in this context include detection reliability, false call rates, flaw characterization and sizing accuracy, human factors, data recording capabilities, and cost. The interchangeability of UT and RT has been studied by several institutions, but the evidence found to date in a literature search is not conclusive and therefore requires further investigation to assess the ability of UT to meet nuclear power industry fabrication and pre-service inspection standards. This paper reviews relevant literature on the interchangeability of UT and RT, and identifies potential gaps that may need to be addressed in this area. C1 [Moran, Traci L.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Pardini, Allan F.; Doctor, Steven R.; Anderson, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Moran, TL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM traci.moran@pnl.gov; pradeep.ramuhalli@pnl.gov; allan.pardini@pnl.gov; steven.doctor@pnl.gov; micheal.anderson@pnl.gov OI Ramuhalli, Pradeep/0000-0001-6372-1743 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300019 ER PT B AU Taylor, WB Knobbs, KJ Carpenter, CE Malik, SN AF Taylor, W. Boyd Knobbs, Katherine J. Carpenter, C. E. (Gene), Jr. Malik, Shah N. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI USING TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF MATERIALS DEGRADATION FOR THE US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The majority of the U.S. reactor fleet is applying for license renewal to extend the operating life from the current 40 years to 60 years, and there is now active interest in extending the operating life to beyond 60 years. Many plants are also applying for increases in power rating and both of these changes increases the need for an improved understanding of materials degradation. Many materials degrade over time and much is known about the degradation of materials under normal environmental conditions; however, less is known about the characteristics of materials degradation when the environment is subject to higher than normal radiological conditions over extended periods of time. Significant efforts are being made by industrial, academic and regulatory groups worldwide to identify, classify and mitigate potential problems arising from degradation of components in this context.(2) From a regulatory perspective, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is very interested in being able to identify ways to ensure their licensees proactively manage the identification of materials degradation and the mitigation of its effects. To date, the NRC has consolidated "generic" programs for mitigating aging issues in the two volume Generic Aging Lessons Learned (GALL) Report (NUREG-1801) [1,2] and has encouraged applicants for license renewal to use these programs where applicable in their plant when applying for renewal of their reactor's license. The NRC has also published a comprehensive report entitled Expert Panel Report on Proactive Materials Degradation (NUREG/CR-6923) [3]. This report inventories the types of degradation mechanisms that could exist in each component of a light water reactor (LWR) and indicates how much is known about mitigating the effects within that context. Since the number of plant designs and materials used varies greatly within the U.S. fleet, there are many variations to implementing aging management programs (AMPs), requiring significant dialogs between the licensee and the NRC. These discussions are part of the licensing basis and as such are documented with up to multi-hundred page responses that are loosely coupled through the NRC Agency-wide Document Access and Management System (ADAMS). ADAMS serves as an electronic records repository for the NRC.(3) These discussions have supported revisions to the GALL, including the revision that is being prepared as this paper is being written. The NRC has sought the help of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to improve their staff's ability to navigate the significant numbers of documents that are generated in this process. PNNL is also to provide a forum for regulators, licensees, and researchers to share knowledge in their efforts to improve the cyclic process for defining, applying, validating, and re-defining AMPs. Work to date in this area is publicly accessible, and this paper will describe that work and outline a potential path forward. The presenter will also demonstrate the capabilities of the PMMD information tools (http://pmmd.pnl.gov). C1 [Taylor, W. Boyd; Knobbs, Katherine J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Taylor, WB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300024 ER PT B AU Diaz, AA Anderson, MT Cinson, AD Crawford, SL Cumblidge, SE AF Diaz, Aaron A. Anderson, Michael T. Cinson, Anthony D. Crawford, Susan L. Cumblidge, Stephen E. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI AN ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY EVALUATION OF INTERGRANULAR STRESS CORROSION CRACK (IGSCC) DETECTION IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PIPING WELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Research is being conducted for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to assess the effectiveness and reliability of advanced nondestructive examination (NDE) methods for the inspection of light water reactor (LWR) components and challenging material/component configurations. This study assessed the effectiveness of far-side inspections on wrought stainless steel piping with austenitic welds, as found in thin-walled, boiling water reactor (BWR) component configurations, for the detection and characterization of intergranular stress corrosion cracks (IGSCC). C1 [Diaz, Aaron A.; Anderson, Michael T.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Crawford, Susan L.; Cumblidge, Stephen E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Diaz, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300031 ER PT B AU Diaz, AA Cinson, AD Crawford, SL Moran, TL Anderson, MT AF Diaz, Aaron A. Cinson, Anthony D. Crawford, Susan L. Moran, Traci L. Anderson, Michael T. BE Stang, D Keltjens, J Springer, WT Cory, JF Dixon, RD Simpson, K Morgan, C Rodriguez, EA Minichiello, J Leishear, R TI AN ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY EVALUATION OF CAST AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PRESSURIZER SURGE LINE PIPING WELDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 5 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A set of circumferentially oriented thermal fatigue cracks (TFCs) were implanted into three cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) pressurizer (PZR) surge-line specimens (pipe-to-elbow welds) that were fabricated using vintage CASS materials formed in the 1970s, and flaw responses from these cracks were used to evaluate detection and sizing performance of the phased-array (PA) ultrasonic testing (UT) methods applied. Four different custom-made PA probes were employed in this study, operating nominally at 800 kHz, 1.0 MHz, 1.5 MHz, and 2.0 MHz center frequencies. The CASS PZR surge-line specimens were polished and chemically etched to bring out the microstructures of both pipe and elbow segments. Additional studies were conducted and documented to address baseline CASS material noise and observe possible ultrasonic beam redirection phenomena. C1 [Diaz, Aaron A.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Crawford, Susan L.; Moran, Traci L.; Anderson, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Diaz, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4924-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG83 UT WOS:000291502300032 ER PT B AU Sham, TL Eno, DR AF Sham, T. -L. (Sam) Eno, Daniel R. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASTER CURVE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Master Curve Reference Temperature, To, characterizes the fracture performance of structural steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. For a given material, this reference temperature is estimated via fracture toughness testing. A methodology is presented to compute the standard error of an estimated To value from a finite sample of toughness data, in a unified manner for both single temperature and multiple temperature test methods. Using the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators, closed-form expressions for the standard error of the estimate of To are presented for both test methods. This methodology includes statistically rigorous treatment of censored data, which represents an advance over the current ASTM E1921 methodology. Through Monte Carlo simulations of realistic single temperature and multiple temperature test plans, the recommended likelihood-based procedure is shown to provide better statistical performance than the methods in the ASTM E1921 standard. C1 [Sham, T. -L. (Sam)] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sham, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM shamt@ORNL.gov; shamt@ORNL.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 107 EP 117 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200015 ER PT B AU Yin, SJ Dickson, TL Williams, PT Bass, BR AF Yin, Shengjun Dickson, Terry L. Williams, Paul T. Bass, B. Richard BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI VERIFICATION OF NEW CAPABILITIES OF DETERMINISTIC LOAD MODULE OF FAVOR 09.1 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper describes a computational study conducted by the Probabilistic Pressure Boundary Integrity Safety Assessment (PISA) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in support of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored verification of the new capabilities of the latest version of Fracture Analysis of Vessels Oak Ridge (FAVOR) 09.1. The v09.1 version of FAVOR represents a significant generalization over previous versions, because the problem class for FAVOR has been extended to encompass a broader range of transients and vessel geometries. FAVOR, v09.1, provides the capability to perform both deterministic and risk-informed fracture analyses of boiling water reactors (BWRs) as well as pressurized water reactors (PWRs) subjected to heat-up and cool-down transients. In this study, deterministic solutions generated with the FAVOR v09.1 code for a wide range of representative internal/external surface-breaking flaws and embedded flaws subjected to selected thermal-hydraulic transients were benchmarked with the solutions obtained from ABAQUS (version 6.9-1) for the same transients. Based on the benchmarking analyses, it is concluded that the deterministic module implemented into FAVOR, v09.1, satisfies the criteria described in the FAVOR software design documentation. C1 [Yin, Shengjun; Dickson, Terry L.; Williams, Paul T.; Bass, B. Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yin, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200017 ER PT B AU Wang, JJA Ren, F Wang, H AF Wang, John Jy-An Ren, Fei Wang, Hong BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI CAVITATION DAMAGE STUDY VIA A NOVEL REPETITIVE PRESSURE PULSE APPROACH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE cavitation damage; pulsed-laser; stainless steel; aluminum ID EROSION AB Cavitation damage can significantly affect system performance. Thus, there is great interest in characterizing cavitation damage and improving materials' resistance to cavitation damage. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to simulate cavitation environment. A pulsed laser is utilized to induce optical breakdown in the cavitation media, with the emission of shock wave and the generation of bubbles. The pressure waves induced by the optical breakdown fluctuate/propagate within the media, which enables the cavitation to occur and to further develop cavitation damage at the solid boundary. Using the repetitive pulsed-pressure apparatus developed in the current study, cavitation damage in water media was verified on stainless steel and aluminum samples. Characteristic cavitation damages such as pitting and indentation are observed on sample surfaces using scanning electron microscopy. The synergistic effect of combining cavitation and the laser heating/water cooling induced thermal cycling fatigue to the target surface damage was also demonstrated in the report. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An; Ren, Fei; Wang, Hong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov RI Ren, Fei/E-7706-2011; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016; OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200027 ER PT B AU Zhang, W Feng, ZL Wang, JA AF Zhang, Wei Feng, Zhili Wang, Jy-An BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI MEASUREMENT OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF MATERIALS WITH NON-UNIFORM MICROSTRUCTURE BASED ON SPIRAL NOTCH TORSION TEST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Materials such as welds consist of highly non-uniform distribution of microstructure. It is typically difficult to measure fracture toughness of those materials using the conventional testing approaches such as ASTM compact tension test, since the non-uniform microstructure can induce irregular crack propagation front. In this study, the spiral notch torsion test (SNTT) is enhanced to measure the fracture toughness of welds. The test specimen resembles a round tensile bar with a spiral-shaped notch on the circumference. To introduce non-uniform microstructure, the heat treatment with a Gleeble system is used to rapidly heat and quench the specimen. The heating and cooling rates applied are typical of those experienced in welding. The hardness distribution in the axial direction of as-heat-treated specimen has a bell shape centered in the middle of the specimen. This distribution resembles that in a transverse section of a weldment. During loading, the specimen is twisted about its axis. It is possible to achieve a Mode I crack front that is long enough to meet the plain strain state and other fracture mechanics requirements for testing the local toughness of weld region. Fracture toughness calculation based on finite element analysis is performed to convert the recorded load-displacement into the fracture toughness K(Ic). C1 [Zhang, Wei; Feng, Zhili; Wang, Jy-An] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; Zhang, Wei/B-9471-2013; OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200028 ER PT B AU Lam, PS Stripling, CS Fisher, DL Elder, JB AF Lam, Poh-Sang Stripling, Craig S. Fisher, Donald L. Elder, James B., III BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI POTENTIAL FOR STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF A537 CARBON STEEL NUCLEAR WASTE TANKS CONTAINING HIGHLY CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The evaporator recycle streams of nuclear waste tanks may contain waste in a chemistry and temperature regime that exceeds the current corrosion control program, which imposes temperature limits to mitigate caustic stress corrosion cracking (CSCC). A review of the recent service history found that two of these A537 carbon steel tanks were operated in highly concentrated hydroxide solution at high temperature. Visual inspections, experimental testing, and a review of the tank service history have shown that CSCC has occurred in uncooled/un-stress relieved tanks of similar construction. Therefore, it appears that the efficacy of stress relief of welding residual stress is the primary corrosion-limiting mechanism. The objective of this experimental program is to test A537 carbon steel small scale welded U-bend specimens and large welded plates (30.48 x 30.38 x 2.54 cm) in a caustic solution with upper bound chemistry (12 M hydroxide and 1 M each of nitrate, nitrite, and aluminate) and temperature (125 degrees C). These conditions simulate worst-case situations in these nuclear waste tanks. Both as-welded and stress-relieved specimens have been tested. No evidence of stress corrosion cracking was found in the U-bend specimens after 21 days of testing. The large plate test was completed after 12 weeks of immersion in a similar solution at 125 degrees C except that the aluminate concentration was reduced to 0.3 M. Visual inspection of the plate revealed that stress corrosion cracking had not initiated from the machined crack tips in the weld or in the heat affected zone. NDE ultrasonic testing also confirmed subsurface cracking did not occur. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the environmental condition of these tests was unable to develop stress corrosion cracking within the test periods for the small welded U-bends and for the large plates, which were welded with an identical procedure as used in the construction of the actual nuclear waste tanks in the 1960s. The absence of evidence of stress corrosion cracking and general corrosion in the laboratory-scaled specimens indicate that this type of nuclear waste tank is not susceptible to highly caustic solutions up to 12 M hydroxide at 125 degrees C when sufficient nitrite inhibitor is present. C1 [Lam, Poh-Sang; Stripling, Craig S.; Fisher, Donald L.; Elder, James B., III] Savannah River Natl Lab SRNL, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lam, PS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab SRNL, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 541 EP 551 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200065 ER PT B AU Caro, M DeMange, P Marian, J Caro, A AF Caro, M. DeMange, P. Marian, J. Caro, A. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI TRISO PARTICLE AND BERYLLIUM PEBBLE THERMO-MECHANICAL RESPONSE IN A FUSION/FISSION ENGINE FOR INCINERATION OF WEAPONS GRADE PLUTONIUM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Among the laser inertial fusion-fission energy (LIFE) engine concepts being considered at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu) LIFE is of particular interest because it is designed to burn excess WGPu material and achieve over 99% fraction of initial metal atoms (FIMAs). At the center of the LIFE concept lies a point source of 14MeV neutrons produced by inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) which drives a sub-critical fuel blanket located behind a neutron multiplier. Current design envisions tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles embedded in a graphite matrix as fuel and Be as multiplier, both in pebble bed form and flowing in Flibe molten salt coolant. In previous work, neutron lifetime modeling and design of Be pebbles was discussed [10]. Constitutive equations were derived and a design criteria were developed for spherical Be pebbles on the basis of their thermo-mechanical behaviour under continued neutron exposure in the neutron multiplier for the LIFE engine. Utilizing the available material property data, Be pebbles lifetime could be estimated to be a minimum of 6 years. Here, we investigate the thermo-mechanical response of TRISO particles used for incineration of WUPu under LIFE operating conditions of high temperature and high neutron fast fluence. To this purpose, we make use of the thermo-mechanical fuel performance code HUPPCO, which is currently under development. The model accounts for spatial and time dependence of the material elastic properties, temperature, and irradiation swelling and creep mechanisms. Preliminary results show that the lifetime of WGPu TRISO particles is affected by changes in the fuel materials properties in time. At high fuel burnup, retention of fission products relies on the SiC containment boundary behavior as a minute pressure vessel. The discussion underlines the need to develop high-fidelity models of the performance of these new fuel designs, especially in the absence of a fast neutron source to test these fuels under relevant conditions. C1 [Caro, M.; DeMange, P.; Marian, J.; Caro, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Caro, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 787 EP 791 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200094 ER PT B AU Ren, WJ Swindeman, R AF Ren, Weiju Swindeman, Robert BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI A REVIEW OF ALLOY 800H FOR APPLICATIONS IN THE GEN IV NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS; CREEP; BEHAVIOR; RUPTURE; EMBRITTLEMENT; COMPONENTS; HELIUM; STEELS AB Alloy 800H is currently under consideration for applications in the Next Generation Nuclear Plant at operational temperatures above 750 degrees C. To provide supporting information in this paper at the attempt to facilitate the consideration, service requirements of the nuclear system for structural materials is first described; and then an extensive review of Alloy 800H is given on its codification with respect to development and research history, mechanical behavior and design allowables, metallurgical aging resistance, environmental effect considerations, data requirements and availability, weldments, as well as many other aspects relevant to the intended nuclear application; an finally further research and development activities to support the materials qualification are suggested. C1 [Ren, Weiju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS 6155,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM renw@ornl.gov; rswindeman@comcast.net; renw@ornl.gov; rswindeman@comcast.net RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 821 EP 836 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200098 ER PT B AU Santella, M AF Santella, Michael BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS ON LOWER FERRITE-AUSTENITE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURES IN 9CR STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Computational thermodynamics approach was used to predict the ranges of the lower ferrite-austenite transformation temperatures, A(1)'s, in three 9% Cr steels. The predicted A(1) ranges were: 766-856 degrees C for SA387 Grade 91, 775-863 degrees C for SA213 Grade T92, and 676-862 degrees C for the weld metal SFA-5.23 B9 (2004). For Grade 91 and Grade T92 using the highest tempering temperature permitted by ASME Code, 800 degrees C, would permit certain alloys conforming to the chemical composition specification to be tempered above their A(1), thereby risking the formation of untempered martensite. Similar circumstances exist for weld metal conforming to the SFA-5.23 B9 specification. Linear regression analyses were performed to develop simplified expressions capable of representing the thermodynamically predicted relationships between chemical compositions and A(1)'s. These are, Grade 91/SFA-5.23 B9 (2004): 805 degrees C + 2.5(%Cr) + 18.1(%Mo) + 19.1(%Si) + 37.1(%V) + 19.2(%Nb) - 63.7(%C) - 130.6(%N) - 60.5(%Mn) - 72.3(%Ni) Grade T92: 778 degrees C + 4.9(%Cr) + 22.6(%Mo) + 10.8(%W) + 22.9(%Si) + 43.6(%V) + 20.2(%Nb) - 80.6(%C) 150.7(%N) - 55.1(%Mn) - 68.0(%Ni) C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Santella, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 871 EP 877 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200102 ER PT B AU Carroll, L Cabet, C Wright, R AF Carroll, Laura Cabet, Celine Wright, Richard BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT ON HIGH TEMPERATURE CREEP-FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 617 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID SUPERALLOY; STEEL AB Alloy 617 is the leading candidate material for an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) application of the Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactor (VHTR), expected to have an outlet temperature as high as 950 degrees C. Acceptance of Alloy 617 in Section 111 of the ASME Code for nuclear construction requires a detailed understanding of the creep-fatigue behavior. Initial creep-fatigue work on Alloy 617 suggests a more dominant role of environment with increasing temperature and/or hold times evidenced through changes in creep-fatigue crack growth mechanism/s and failure life. Furthermore, previous work on corrosion of nickel base alloys in impure helium has suggested that this environment is far from inert with respect to Alloy 617. Continuous cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue testing of Alloy 617 was conducted at 950 degrees C and 0.3% and 0.6% total strain in air to simulate damage modes expected in a VHTR application. Continuous cycle and creep-fatigue specimens exhibited intergranular cracking, but did not show evidence of grain boundary cavitation. Despite the absence of grain boundary cavitation to accelerate crack propagation, the addition of a hold time at peak tensile strain was detrimental to cycle life. This suggests that creep-fatigue interaction may occur by a different mechanism or that the environment may be partially responsible for accelerating failure. C1 [Carroll, Laura; Wright, Richard] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Carroll, L (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 907 EP 916 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200106 ER PT B AU Marchi, CS Somerday, BP Nibur, KA Stalheim, DG Boggess, T Jansto, S AF Marchi, Chris San Somerday, Brian P. Nibur, Kevin A. Stalheim, Douglas G. Boggess, Todd Jansto, Steve BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI FRACTURE AND FATIGUE OF COMMERCIAL GRADE API PIPELINE STEELS IN GASEOUS HYDROGEN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Gaseous hydrogen is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels, but it is known to significantly reduce the fatigue and fracture resistance of steels. Steels are commonly used for containment and distribution of gaseous hydrogen, albeit under conservative operating conditions (i.e., large safety factors) to mitigate so-called gaseous hydrogen embrittlement. Economical methods of distributing gaseous hydrogen (such as using existing pipeline infrastructure) are necessary to make hydrogen fuel competitive with alternatives. The effects of gaseous hydrogen on fracture resistance and fatigue resistance of pipeline steels, however, has not been comprehensively evaluated and this data is necessary for structural integrity assessment in gaseous hydrogen environments. In addition, existing standardized test methods for environment assisted cracking under sustained load appear to be inadequate to characterize low-strength steels (such as pipeline steels) exposed to relevant gaseous hydrogen environments. In this study, the principles of fracture mechanics are used to compare the fracture and fatigue performance of two pipeline steels in high-purity gaseous hydrogen at two pressures: 5.5 MPa and 21 MPa. In particular, elastic-plastic fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rates were measured using the compact tension geometry and a pressure vessel designed for testing materials while exposed to gaseous hydrogen. C1 [Marchi, Chris San; Somerday, Brian P.; Nibur, Kevin A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marchi, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 939 EP 948 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200110 ER PT B AU Nibur, KA Marchi, CS Somerday, BP AF Nibur, Kevin A. Marchi, Chris San Somerday, Brian P. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI FRACTURE AND FATIGUE TOLERANT STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR GASEOUS HYDROGEN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID CRACK PROPAGATION; GROWTH AB Fatigue crack growth rates and rising displacement fracture thresholds have been measured for a 4130X steel in 45 MPa hydrogen gas. The ratio of minimum to maximum load (R-ratio) and cyclic frequency was varied to assess the effects of these variables on fatigue crack growth rates. Decreasing frequency and increasing R were both found to increase crack growth rate, however, these variables are not independent of each other. Changing frequency from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz reduced crack growth rates at R = 0.5, but had no effect at R = 0.1. When applied to a design life calculation for a steel pressure vessel consistent with a typical hydrogen trailer tube, the measured fatigue and fracture data predicted a re-inspection interval of nearly 29 years, consistent with the excellent service history of such vessels which have been in use for many years. C1 [Nibur, Kevin A.; Marchi, Chris San; Somerday, Brian P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nibur, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 949 EP 958 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200111 ER PT B AU Crawford, SL Doctor, SR Cinson, AD Watts, MW Moran, TL Anderson, MT AF Crawford, Susan L. Doctor, Steven R. Cinson, Anthony D. Watts, Michael W. Moran, Traci L. Anderson, Michael T. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF NDE METHODS ON INSPECTION OF HDPE BUTT FUSION PIPING JOINTS FOR LACK OF FUSION WITH VALIDATION FROM MECHANICAL TESTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Studies at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington, are being conducted to evaluate nondestructive examinations (NDE) coupled with mechanical testing of butt fusion joints in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for assessing lack of fusion. The work provides information to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the effectiveness of volumetric inspection techniques of HDPE butt fusion joints in Section III, Division 1, Class 3, buried piping systems in nuclear power plants. This paper describes results from preliminary assessments using ultrasonic and microwave nondestructive techniques and mechanical testing with the high speed tensile impact test and the bend test for determining joint integrity. A series of butt joints were fabricated in 3408, 12 inch (30.5 cm) IPS DR-11 HDPE material by varying the fusion parameters to create good joints and joints containing a range of lack of fusion conditions. Six of these butt joints were volumetrically examined with time of flight diffraction (TOFD), phased array (PA) ultrasound, and the Evisive microwave system. The outer diameter (OD) weld beads were removed for microwave evaluation and the pipes ultrasonically re-evaluated. In two of the six pipes both the outer and inner diameter (ID) weld beads were removed and the pipe joints re-evaluated. Several of the pipes were sectioned and the joints destructively evaluated with the following techniques: high speed tensile test, bend test, and focused immersion ultrasound on a joint section removed from the pipe coupled with slicing through the joint and examining the revealed surfaces. The fusion parameters, nondestructive, and destructive evaluation results will be correlated to validate the effectiveness of what each NDE technology detects and what each does not detect. This is an initial limited study which will aid in identifying key future work. C1 [Crawford, Susan L.; Doctor, Steven R.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Watts, Michael W.; Moran, Traci L.; Anderson, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crawford, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1039 EP 1045 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200123 ER PT B AU Unwin, SD Lowry, PP Toyooka, MY AF Unwin, Stephen D. Lowry, Peter P. Toyooka, Michael Y. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI COMPONENT DEGRADATION SUSCEPTIBILITIES AS THE BASES FOR MODELING REACTOR AGING RISK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE Reactor Aging Management; PRA; Passive Components; Importance Analysis AB The extension of nuclear power plant operating licenses beyond 60 years in the United States will be necessary if we are to meet national energy needs while addressing the issues of carbon and climate. Characterizing the operating risks associated with aging reactors is problematic because the principal tool for risk-informed decision-making, Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), is not ideally-suited to addressing aging systems. The components most likely to drive risk in an aging reactor - the passives - receive limited treatment in PRA, and furthermore, standard PRA methods are based on the assumption of stationary failure rates: a condition unlikely to be met in an aging system. A critical barrier to modeling passives aging on the wide scale required for a PRA is that there is seldom sufficient field data to populate parametric failure models, and nor is there always the availability of practical physics models to predict out-year component reliability. The methodology described here circumvents some of these data and modeling needs by using materials degradation metrics, integrated with conventional PRA models, to produce risk importance measures for specific aging mechanisms and component types. We suggest that these measures have multiple applications, from the risk-screening of components to the prioritization of materials research. C1 [Unwin, Stephen D.; Lowry, Peter P.; Toyooka, Michael Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Unwin, SD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-52, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM stephen.unwin@pnl.gov; peter.lowry@pnl.gov; michael.toyooka@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1151 EP 1155 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200134 ER PT B AU Doctor, SR Anderson, MT AF Doctor, Steven R. Anderson, Michael T. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI UNCERTAINTIES IN NDE RELIABILITY AND ASSESSING THE IMPACT ON RI-ISI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A major thrust in the past 20 years has been to upgrade nondestructive examinations (NDE) for use in inservice inspection (IS!) programs to more effectively manage degradation at operating nuclear power plants. Risk-informed ISI (RI-ISI) is one of the outcomes of this work, and this approach relies heavily on the reliability of NDE, when properly applied, to detect sources of expected degradation. There have been a number of improvements in the reliability of NDE, specifically in ultrasonic testing (UT), through training of examiners, and improved equipment and procedure development. However, the most significant improvements in UT were derived by moving from prescriptive requirements to performance based requirements. Even with these substantial improvements, NDE contains significant uncertainties and RI-ISI programs need to address and accommodate this factor. As part of the work that PNNL is conducting for the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, we are examining the impact of these uncertainties on the effectiveness of RI-IS! programs. One of the primary objectives of in-service inspection, including a RI-ISI program, is to manage potential degradation that may occur, but that had not been foreseen through previous operating experience. However, RI-ISI programs in the U.S are primarily based on history, looking back at past failures in the operating fleet. Therefore, RI-ISI may not adequately manage degradation events that are yet to occur, such as those that may have a long incubation (initiation) time, but a potentially fast growth rate. For this reason, RI-ISI will always be reactive to such failure events. Successful ISI needs to determine what NDE is required, when and how frequently it needs to be applied, how effective the NDE must be and where the NDE needs to be applied. Both flaw detection and accurate characterization need to be addressed. This paper will examine the reliability and uncertainties of NDE, and how these may impact RI-ISI. C1 [Doctor, Steven R.; Anderson, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doctor, SR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steven.doctor@pnl.gov; michael.anderson@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1157 EP 1165 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200135 ER PT B AU Amidan, BG Piepel, GF Heredia-Langner, A Meyer, PA Wells, BE Fort, JA Bamberger, JA Kuhn, WL AF Amidan, Brett G. Piepel, Greg F. Heredia-Langner, Alejandro Meyer, Perry A. Wells, Beric E. Fort, James A. Bamberger, Judith A. Kuhn, William L. BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI A STATISTICAL INTELLIGENCE (STI) APPROACH TO DISCOVERING SPURIOUS CORRELATION IN A PHYSICAL MODEL AND RESOLVING THE PROBLEM WITH AN EXAMPLE OF DESIGNING A PULSE JET MIXING SYSTEM AT HANFORD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Pulse jet mixing tests were conducted to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. A physical approach (based on hydro-dynamic behavior) and two semi-empirical (SE) approaches were applied to the data to develop models for predicting two response variables (critical-suspension velocity and cloud height). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using multiple noncohesive simulants and levels of possibly influential factors. The physical modeling approach based on hydro-dynamic behavior was first attempted, but this approach can yield models with spurious correlation. To overcome this dilemma, two semi-empirical (SE) models were developed by generalizing the form of the physical model using dimensional and/or nondimensional (ND) variables. The results of applying statistical intelligence (STI) tools to resolve the spurious correlation problem via fitting the physical and SE models are presented and compared. Considering goodness-of-fit, prediction performance, spurious correlation, and the need to extrapolate, the SE models based on ND variables are recommended. C1 [Amidan, Brett G.; Piepel, Greg F.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro; Meyer, Perry A.; Wells, Beric E.; Fort, James A.; Bamberger, Judith A.; Kuhn, William L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Amidan, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K6-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM b.amidan@pnl.gov; greg.piepel@pnl.gov; alejandro.heredia-langner@pnl.gov; perry.meyer@pnl.gov; beric.wells@pnl.gov; James.fort@pnl.gov; judith.bamberger@pnl.gov; william.kuhn@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1167 EP 1178 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200136 ER PT B AU Chang, SJ AF Chang, Shih-Jung BE Wiersma, BJ Bezensek, B Brongers, MPH Brust, FW Burdett, B Chakraborty, A Cockie, A Cohn, M Cravero, S Dennis, R Doctor, S Dogan, B Duncan, A Faria, H Feng, Z Fong, J Garcia, I Gilles, P Gosselin, S Hasegawa, K Hedden, O Helms, J Jaske, C Keim, E Kim, YJ Kwon, D Lam, PS Lee, BS Li, GQ Lidbury, D Mahmoudi, AH Marcal, P Mochizuki, M Moinereau, D Mourad, AH Motarjemi, A ODowd, N Ortner, S Pang, SS Qian, HY Ren, WJ Rudland, D Scarth, D Sham, TL Sharples, J Sherry, A Shim, DJ Sisan, A Swindeman, R Tanaka, Y Truman, C Wang, JA Wiersma, B Woldesenbet, E Yoon, K Zhu, XK TI A FRACTURE PROBABILITY INTEGRAL FOR PRESSURE VESSEL LIFE ESTIMATE AND ACCIDENT ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID REACTOR VESSEL AB A multiple integral representation has been developed to analytically model the probability of failure of reactor vessel. The probability of fracture is a basic methodology for projecting for the life of a new vessel as well as to estimate the remaining life of an existing vessel. The integral representation for the probability of fracture calculation is based on the number count of critical cracks across the whole section of a vessel, based on a given calibrated crack distribution function, obtained by experimental examination of the vessel cross section. Multiple integral is implemented because of the degraded, or variable, fracture toughness and other factors representing the variable facture toughness. For example, the nuclear reactor vessel that is subjected to neutron radiation, will increase the reactor vessel steel brittleness. The effect of neutron irradiation can be calibrated by its increase in ductilebrittle transition temperature (DBTT) in fracture toughness versus temperature curve. Higher DBTT implies a decrease in fracture toughness and an increase in the chance of vessel fracture in brittle fracture mode. The extent of degradation that the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HEIR) vessel has experienced is characterized by its probability of fracture in this paper. The fracture probabilities under the accident pressure conditions against possible EIFIR operating life are calculated for the safety analysis of the reactor vessel. Conventional numerical methods of fracture probability calculation such as that adopted by the N12C-sponsored PRAISE CODE and the FAVOR CODE developed in this Laboratory are based on Monte Carlo simulation. Heavy computations are required. The present method of Probability Integral has been used to verify numerical results of approximately 8-10 reports on HFIR remaining-life calculations by Cheverton using FAVOR CODE for the installation of HFIR new cold neutron source. The numerical result based on the method of Probability Integral confirms almost exactly as compared with that obtained by Monte Carlo Method adopted by FAVOR CODE. This Method of Probability Integral, because of its analytical structure, shows the clear physical interpretation of the fracture probability. It provides simple and expedient procedure to obtain numerical values of fracture probability. Moreover, it retains all possible features that the Monte Carlo Method of simulation can accomplish. C1 [Chang, Shih-Jung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, San Jose, CA 95118 USA. EM tsj0963@yahoo.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4925-5 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 1187 EP 1191 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BVG92 UT WOS:000291503200138 ER PT B AU Smith, AC Abramczyk, GA Nathan, SJ AF Smith, Allen C. Abramczyk, Glenn A. Nathan, Steven J. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI Regulatory Issues Associated with Shipment of Small Quantities of Radioactive Material SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Following decertification of the ubiquitous and simple Department of Transpsortaion (DOT) 6M specification package, radioactive materials package Shippers have been faced with the need to use Certified Type B packagings. Many Department of Energy (DOE), commercial and academic programs have a need to ship small masses of radioactive material, where the identity of the material or radionuclides is know but the individual activity of some may not be known. For quantities which are small enough to be fissile exempt and have adequate shielding to ensure low radiation levels, these materials could be transported in a package which provides the required containment level. Because their Chalfant type containment vessels meet the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) N14.5 definition for leak-tight (<= 1x10(-7) ref cm(3) air/sec), the 9975, 9977, and 9978 are capable of transporting contents requiring the highest standard of containment. The issues associated with certification of a high-integrity, general purpose package for shipping small quantities of such radioactive material arc discussed and the logical basis for certification for such contents is described. C1 [Smith, Allen C.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, AC (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM allen.smith@srnl.doe.gov; glenn.abramczyk@srnl.doe.gov; steven.nathan@srs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000044 ER PT B AU Smith, AC Gupta, NK Blanton, PS AF Smith, Allen C. Gupta, Narendra K. Blanton, Paul S. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI DEVELOPMENT OF BURN TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS IN RAM PACKAGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The regulations in 10 CFR Part 71([1]) require that radioactive material (RAM) packages must be able to withstand specific fire conditions, given in 10 CFR 71.73, during Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC). This requirement is normally satisfied by extensive testing of full scale test specimens under required test conditions. Since fire test planning and execution is expensive and only provides a single snapshot into a package performance, every effort is made to minimize testing and supplement the tests with results from computational thermal models. However, the accuracy of such thermal models depends heavily on the thermal properties of the fire insulating materials, properties that are rarely available at the regulatory fire temperatures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no test standards exist that could be used to test the insulating materials and derive their thermal properties for the RAM package design. This paper presents a review of the existing industry fire testing standards and proposes testing methods that could serve as a standardized specification for testing fire insulating materials for use in RAM packages. C1 [Smith, Allen C.; Gupta, Narendra K.; Blanton, Paul S.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, AC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM allen.smith@srnl.doe.gov; nick.gupta@srnl.doe.gov; paul.blanton@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000045 ER PT B AU Watkins, RW Loftin, BM Hoang, DS AF Watkins, Robert W. Loftin, Bradley M. Hoang, Don S. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI AUTHORIZING THE DOT SPECIFICATION 6M PACKAGING FOR CONTINUED USE AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Specification 6M packaging was in extensive use for more than 40 years for in-commerce shipments of Type B quantities of fissile and radioactive material (RAM) across the USA, among the Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, and between facilities in the DOE production complex. In January 2004, the DOT Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) Agency issued a final rule in the Federal Register to amend requirements in the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) pertaining to the transportation of radioactive materials. The final rule became effective on October 1, 2004. One of those changes discontinued the use of the DOT specification 6M, along with other DOT specification packagings, on October 1, 2008. A main, driver for the change was due to the fact that 6M specification packagings were not supported by a Safety Analysis Report for Packagings (SARP) that was compliant with Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 71 (10 CFR 71). The regulatory rules for the discontinued use have been edited in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 100 185, 2004 Edition and thereafter. Prior to October 1, 2008, the use of the 6M within the boundaries of the Savannah River Site (SRS), called an onsite transfer, was governed by an onsite transportation document that referenced 49 CFR Parts 100-185. SRS had to develop an Onsite Safety Assessment (OSA) which was independent of 49 CFR in order to justify the continued use of the DOT Specification 6M for the transfer of radioactive material (RAM) at the SRS after October I, 2008. This paper will discuss the methodology for and difficulties associated with authorizing the DOT Specification 6M Packaging for continued use at the Savannah River Site. C1 [Watkins, Robert W.; Loftin, Bradley M.; Hoang, Don S.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Watkins, RW (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000046 ER PT B AU Dickson, T Focht, E Kirk, M AF Dickson, Terry Focht, Eric Kirk, Mark BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI REVIEW OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR A RISK-INFORMED RELAXATION TO ASME SECTION XI-APPENDIX G SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The current regulations, as set forth by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), to insure that light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to planned normal reactor startup (heat-up) and shut-down (cool-down) transients are specified in Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50, which incorporates by reference Appendix G to Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code. The technical basis for these regulations are now recognized by the technical community as being conservative and some plants are finding it increasingly difficult to comply with the current regulations. Consequently, the nuclear industry has developed, and submitted to the ASME Code for approval, an alternative risk-informed methodology that reduces the conservatism and is consistent with the methods previously used to develop a risk-informed revision to the regulations for accidental transients such as pressurized thermal shock (PTS). The objective of the alternative methodology is to provide a relaxation to the current regulations which will provide more operational flexibility, particularly for reactor pressure vessels with relatively high irradiation levels and radiation sensitive materials, while continuing to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection to public health and safety. The NRC and its contractor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have recently performed an independent review of the industry proposed methodology. The NRC / ORNL review consisted of performing probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analyses for a matrix of cool-down and heat-up rates, permutated over various reactor geometries and characteristics, each at multiple levels of embrittlement, including 60 effective full power years (EFPY) and beyond, for various postulated flaw characterizations. The objective of this review is to quantify the risk of a reactor vessel experiencing non-ductile fracture, and possible subsequent failure, over a wide range of normal transient conditions, when the maximum allowable thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions, derived from both the current ASME code and the industry proposed methodology, are imposed on the inner surface of the reactor vessel. This paper discusses the results of the NRC/ORNL review of the industry proposal including the matrices of PFM analyses, results, insights, and conclusions derived from these analyses. C1 [Dickson, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dickson, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tyd@ornl.gov; eric.focht@nrc.gov; mark.kirk@nrc.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000048 ER PT B AU Gupta, NK AF Gupta, Narendra K. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI Thermal Performance of Radioactive Material (RAM) Packages in Transport Configuration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Drum type packages are routinely used to transport radioactive material (RAM) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex. These packages are designed to meet the federal regulations described in 10 CFR Part 71.([1]) The packages are transported in specially designed vehicles for safety and security. In the transport vehicles, the packages are placed close to each other to maximize the number of units in the vehicle. Since the RAM contents in the packagings produce decay heat, it is important that they are spaced sufficiently apart to prevent overheating of the containment vessel (CV) seals and the impact limiter to ensure the structural integrity of the package. This paper presents a simple methodology to assess thermal performance of a typical 9975 packaging in a transport configuration. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gupta, NK (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM nick.gupta@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000055 ER PT B AU Han, ZH Shah, VN Abou-Hanna, J Liu, YY AF Han, Zenghu Shah, Vikram N. Abou-Hanna, Jeries Liu, Yung Y. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE 9516 TRANSPORT PACKAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper presents the structural dynamic analysis of the 9516 package subjected to two hypothetical accidents in sequence: (1) the 30-ft drop test and (2) the puncture test. The analysis is performed with the general-purpose finite element analysis computer code, ABAQUS, using explicit integration. The 9516 package consists of a containment vessel placed inside a cask mounted inside a steel cage, which acts as the impact limiter and. the personnel shield. The cask has a bolted closure that provides the confinement to the containment vessel. The closure bolts initially were modeled with one-dimensional elastic connector elements bearing only the axial loads, which was adequate for the analysis of the drop test. However, the closure lid experienced significant bending during the puncture test, implying bending load acting on the closure bolts. Therefore, the closure bolts were modeled by using solid elements in a refined model so that the response to the bending load during the puncture test can be simulated. The results of the analysis showed that the closure bolts experience significant bending during the puncture test. For model validation, a comparison between the analysis results and the test results for rigid body accelerations of the package is presented. The results of the analysis based on the refined model show that the maximum stress intensities in the closure bolts, containment vessel, and cask are lower than the corresponding allowable stresses specified in the American Society of Mechanical Engineering Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. C1 [Han, Zenghu; Shah, Vikram N.; Liu, Yung Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Han, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000056 ER PT B AU Daugherty, WL Dunn, KA Murphy, JL Hackney, ER AF Daugherty, W. L. Dunn, K. A. Murphy, J. L. Hackney, E. R. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI EFFECTS OF MOISTURE IN THE 9975 SHIPPING PACKAGE FIBERBOARD ASSEMBLY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The fiberboard assembly used in 9975 shipping packages as an impact-absorption and insulation component has the capacity to absorb moisture, with an accompanying change to its properties. While package fabrication requirements generally maintain the fiberboard moisture content within manufacturing range, there is the potential during use or storage for atypical handling or storage practices which result in the absorption of additional moisture. In addition to performing a transportation function, the 9975 shipping packages are used as a facility storage system for special nuclear materials at the Savannah River Site. A small number of packages after extended storage have been found to contain elevated moisture levels. Typically, this condition is accompanied by an axial compaction of the bottom fiberboard layers, and the growth of mold. In addition to potential atypical practices, fiberboard can exchange moisture with the surrounding air, depending on the ambient humidity. Laboratory data have been generated to correlate the equilibrium moisture content of cane fiberboard with the humidity of the surrounding air. These data are compared to measurements taken within shipping packages. With a reasonable measurement of the fiberboard moisture content, an estimate of the fiberboard properties can be made. Over time, elevated moisture levels will negatively impact performance properties, and promote fiberboard mold growth and resultant degradation. C1 [Daugherty, W. L.; Dunn, K. A.; Murphy, J. L.; Hackney, E. R.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Daugherty, WL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000057 ER PT B AU Lee, SY Hensel, SJ De Bock, C AF Lee, S. Y. Hensel, S. J. De Bock, C. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGIC HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE PACKAGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE Geologic Repository; Supercontainer; Computational Heat Transfer; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Thermal Performance AB The engineering design of disposal of the high level waste (HLW) packages in a geologic repository requires a thermal analysis to provide the temperature history of the packages. Calculated temperatures are used to demonstrate compliance with criteria for waste acceptance into the geologic disposal gallery system and as input to assess the transient thermal characteristics of the vitrified HLW Package. The objective of the work was to evaluate the thermal performance of the supercontainer containing the vitrified HLW in a non-backfilled and unventilated underground disposal gallery. In order to achieve the objective, transient computational models for a geologic vitrified HLW package were developed by using a computational fluid dynamics method, and calculations for the HLW disposal gallery of the current Belgian geological repository reference design were performed. An initial two-dimensional model was used to conduct some parametric sensitivity studies to better understand the geologic system's thermal response. The effect of heat decay, number of co-disposed supercontainers, domain size, humidity, thermal conductivity and thermal emissivity were studied. Later, a more accurate three-dimensional model was developed by considering the conduction-convection cooling mechanism coupled with radiation, and the effect of the number of supercontainers (3, 4 and 8) was studied in more detail, as well as a bounding case with zero heat flux at both ends. The modeling methodology and results of the sensitivity studies will be presented. C1 [Lee, S. Y.; Hensel, S. J.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM si.lee@sml.doe.gov; steve.hensel@sml.doe.gov; c.debock@nironb.be NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 421 EP 432 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000058 ER PT B AU Hoffman, EN Skidmore, TE Daugherty, WL AF Hoffman, Elizabeth N. Skidmore, T. Eric Daugherty, William L. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI LONG-TERM LEAK TIGHTNESS OF O-RING SEALS IN THE 9975 SHIPPING PACKAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB O-ring seals in the 9975 shipping package containment vessels are fabricated from a Viton (R) GLT or GLT-S compound. Longterm testing of these O-rings has been performed to support service life predictions for packages used for long-term storage. Since the only criterion for O-ring performance is to maintain a leak-tight seal, leak testing is the primary indicator of service life. Fixtures have been aging at elevated temperatures to provide data for service life predictions. Limited leak test failures have been observed at the higher temperatures. This provides the opportunity for comparison to trends based on other O-ring properties, such as compression stress relaxation (CSR). Initial data suggest that the CSR data have some predictive value for a leak-tight service life, but other factors can complicate efforts to draw definitive conclusions. C1 [Hoffman, Elizabeth N.; Skidmore, T. Eric; Daugherty, William L.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hoffman, EN (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000059 ER PT B AU Daugherty, WL Harris, SP AF Daugherty, W. L. Harris, S. P. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI AGING MODEL FOR CANE FIBERBOARD OVERPACK IN THE 9975 SHIPPING PACKAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Many radioactive material shipping packages incorporate a cane fiberboard overpack for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Mechanical, thermal, and physical properties have been measured on cane fiberboard following thermal aging in various temperature/humidity environments. Several of the measured properties change significantly over time in the more severe environments, while other properties are relatively constant. Changes in each of the properties have been fit to a model to allow predictions of degradation under various storage scenarios. Additional data are being collected to provide for future refinements to the models. C1 [Daugherty, W. L.; Harris, S. P.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Daugherty, WL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000060 ER PT B AU Smith, AC AF Smith, Allen C. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI Evaluation of Torque vs Closure Bolt Preload for a Typical Containment Vessel Under Service Conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Radioactive material package containment vessels typically employ bolted closures of various configurations. Closure bolts must retain the lid of a package and must maintain required seal loads, while subjected to internal pressure, impact loads and vibration. The need for insuring that the specified preload is achieved in closure bolts for radioactive materials packagings has been a continual subject of concern for both designers and regulatory reviewers. The extensive literature on threaded fasteners provides sound guidance on design and torque specification for closure bolts. The literature also shows the uncertainty associated with use of torque to establish preload is typically between 10 and 35%. These studies have been performed under controlled, laboratory conditions. The ability to insure required preload in normal service is, consequently, an important question. The study described here investigated the relationship between indicated torque and resulting bolt load for a typical radioactive materials package closure using methods available under normal service conditions. C1 Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, AC (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM allen.smith@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000061 ER PT B AU Skidmore, TE Daugherty, WL Hoffman, EN AF Skidmore, T. E. Daugherty, W. L. Hoffman, E. N. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI 9975 SHIPPING PACKAGE - PERFORMANCE OF ALTERNATE MATERIALS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE APPLICATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Model 9975 shipping package specifies the materials of construction for its various components. With the loss of availability of material for two components (cane fiberboard overpack and Viton (R) GLT O-rings), alternate materials of construction were identified and approved for use for transport (softwood fiberboard and Viton (R) GLT-S O-rings). The shipping packages are part of a long-term storage configuration at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Therefore, additional testing is in progress to verify satisfactory long-term performance of the alternate materials under storage conditions. The test results to date can be compared to results on the original materials of construction to draw preliminary conclusions on the performance of the replacement materials. C1 [Skidmore, T. E.; Daugherty, W. L.; Hoffman, E. N.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Skidmore, TE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000062 ER PT B AU Watkins, RW Hensel, SJ Jordan, JM AF Watkins, Robert W. Hensel, Stephen J. Jordan, Jeffrey M. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF ADDITIONAL NEPTUNIUM OXIDE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Savannah River Site's HB-Line Facility completed a second neptunium oxide production campaign in which nine (9) additional cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. These additional cans were from a different feed solution than the first fifty (50) cans of neptunium oxide that were previously produced and shipped via a Letter of Amendment to the 9975 Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) content table. This paper will address the challenges associated with demonstrating the neptunium oxide produced from the additional feed solution was equivalent to the original neptunium oxide and within the content description of the Letter of Amendment. C1 [Watkins, Robert W.; Hensel, Stephen J.; Jordan, Jeffrey M.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Watkins, RW (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000063 ER PT B AU May, CG McKeel, CA Opperman, EK AF May, Cecil G. McKeel, Charles A. Opperman, Erich K. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI DROP TESTS RESULTS OF REVISED CLOSURE BOLT CONFIGURATION OF THE STANDARD WASTE BOX, STANDARD LARGE BOX-2, AND TEN DRUM OVERPACK PACKAGINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Transuranic (TRU) Disposition Project at Savannah River Site will require numerous transfers of radioactive materials within the site boundaries for sorting and repackaging. The: three DOT Type A shipping packagings planned for this work have numerous bolts for securing the lids to the body of the packagings. In an effort to reduce operator time to open and close the packages during onsite transfers, thus reducing personnel exposure and costs, an evaluation was performed to analyze the effects of reducing the number of bolts required to secure the lid to the packaging body. The evaluation showed the reduction to one-third of the original number of bolts had no affect on the packagings' capability to sustain vibratory loads, shipping loads, internal pressure loads, and the loads resulting from a 4-ft drop. However, the loads caused by the 4-ft drop are difficult to estimate and the study recommended each of the packages be dropped to show the actual effects on the package closure. Even with reduced bolting, the packagings were still required to meet the 49 CFR 178.350 performance criteria for Type A packaging. This paper will discuss the effects and results of the drop testing of the three packagings. C1 [May, Cecil G.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP May, CG (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 483 EP 495 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000065 ER PT B AU Fort, JA Cuta, JM Bajwa, CS Baglietto, E AF Fort, James A. Cuta, Judith M. Bajwa, Chris S. Baglietto, Emilio BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI MODELING HEAT TRANSFER IN SPENT FUEL TRANSFER CASK NEUTRON SHIELDS - A CHALLENGING PROBLEM IN NATURAL CONVECTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID CONCENTRIC CYLINDERS; HORIZONTAL ANNULUS AB In the United States, commercial spent nuclear fuel is typically moved from spent. fuel pools to outdoor dry storage pads within a transfer cask system that provides radiation shielding to protect personnel and the surrounding environment. The transfer casks are cylindrical steel enclosures with integral gamma and neutron radiation shields. Since the transfer cask system must be passively cooled, decay heat removal from the spent nuclear fuel canister is limited by the rate of heat transfer through the cask components, and natural convection from the transfer cask surface. The primary mode of heat transfer within the transfer cask system is conduction, but some cask designs incorporate a liquid neutron shield tank surrounding the transfer cask structural shell. In these systems, accurate prediction of natural convection within the neutron shield tank is an important part of assessing the overall thermal performance of the transfer cask system. The large-scale geometry of the neutron shield tank, which is typically an annulus approximately 2 meters in diameter but only 10-15 cm in thickness, and the relatively small scale velocities (typically less than 5 cm/s) represent a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that contribute to making this a challenging problem for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Relevant experimental data at these scales are not available in the literature, but some recent modeling studies offer insights into numerical issues and solutions. However, the geometries in these studies, and for the experimental data in the literature at smaller scales, all have large annular gaps that are not prototypic of the transfer cask neutron shield. This paper proposes that there may be reliable CFD approaches to the transfer cask problem, specifically coupled steady-state solvers or unsteady simulations; however, both of these solutions take significant computational effort. Segregated (uncoupled) steady state solvers that were tested did not accurately capture the flow field and heat transfer distribution in this application. Mesh resolution, turbulence modeling, and the tradeoff between steady state and transient solutions are addressed. Because of the critical nature of this application, the need for new experiments at representative scales is clearly demonstrated. C1 [Fort, James A.; Cuta, Judith M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fort, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Baglietto, Emilio/A-7894-2012 OI Baglietto, Emilio/0000-0001-8720-9437 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 497 EP 506 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000066 ER PT B AU Klymyshyn, NA Adkins, HE Bajwa, CS Piotter, JM AF Klymyshyn, Nicholas A. Adkins, Harold E. Bajwa, Christopher S. Piotter, Jason M. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI PACKAGE IMPACT MODELS AS A PRECURSOR TO CLADDING ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The evaluation of spent nuclear fuel storage casks and transportation packages under impact loading is an important safety topic that is reviewed as part of cask and package certification by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Explicit dynamic finite element models of full systems are increasingly common in industry for determining structural integrity during hypothetical drop accidents. Full cask and package model results are also used as the loading basis for single fuel pin impact models, which evaluate the response of fuel cladding under drop conditions. In this paper, a simplified package system is evaluated to illustrate several important structural dynamic phenomena, including the effect of gaps between components, the difference in local response at various points on a package during impact, and the effect of modeling various simplified representations of the basket and fuel assemblies. This paper focuses on the package impact analysis, and how loading conditions for a subsequent fuel assembly or fuel cladding analysis can be extracted. C1 [Klymyshyn, Nicholas A.; Adkins, Harold E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Klymyshyn, NA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000067 ER PT B AU Wu, TT Gupta, NK Smith, AC Blanton, PS AF Wu, Tsu-te Gupta, Narendra K. Smith, Allen C. Blanton, Paul S. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI A Method for the Coupled Thermal-Structural Analysis of Radioactive Material Shipping Packages in Hypothetical Accident Conditions - Part 1. NCT Thermal Load and Some HAC Mechanical Loads SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The design of radioactive material (RAM) shipping packages are designed to withstand the mechanical and thermal loads specified in Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 71 (10CFR71).([1]) The Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC) specified in 10CFR71 include a 30-foot free drop, a crush by an 1100-pound plate, a 40-inch free drop onto a round bar and a 30-minite fire. Furthermore, in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Guide 7.8, these loads should be applied sequentially.([2]) The current common practice is to base the thermal modeling on the un-deformed (or un-damaged) packaging configuration and thermal stresses are neglected in structural analyses. This paper presents a methodology to simulate the coupled thermal and structural responses and to evaluate the accumulated damages caused by both sequentially applied thermal and mechanical loads of the Hypothetical Accident Conditions. Part 1 of the paper discusses the thermal analysis for the Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT) to establish the initial temperatures of the shipping package. It also discusses the subsequent analyses of closure-bolt tightening preload analysis and 30-foot drop analysis. C1 [Wu, Tsu-te; Gupta, Narendra K.; Smith, Allen C.; Blanton, Paul S.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wu, TT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM tsu-te.wu@srnl.doe.gov; nick.gupta@srnl.doe.gov; allen.smith@srnl.doe.gov; paul.blanton@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 523 EP 530 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000069 ER PT B AU Blanton, PS Eberl, KR Mann, PT AF Blanton, Paul S. Eberl, Kurt R. Mann, Paul T. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI A Comparison of Two Thermal Insulation and Structural Materials for use in Type B Packagings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper presents the summary of design features and test results of two Type B Shipping Package prototype configurations comprising different insulating materials developed by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for the Department of Energy. The materials evaluated, a closed-cell polyurethane foam and a vacuformed ceramic fiber material, were selected to provide adequate structural protection to the package containment vessel during Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT) and Hypothetical Accident Condition (HAC) events and to provide thermal protection during the HAC fire. Polyurethane foam has been used in shipping package designs for many years because of the stiffness it provides to the structure and because of the thermal protection it provides during fire scenarios. This comparison describes how ceramic fiber material offers an alternative to the polyurethane foam in a specific overpack design. Because of the high operating temperature (similar to 2,300 degrees F) of the ceramic material, it allows for contents with higher heat loads to be shipped than is possible with polyurethane foam. Methods of manufacturing and design considerations using the two materials will be addressed. C1 [Blanton, Paul S.; Eberl, Kurt R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Blanton, PS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM paul.blanton@srnl.doe.gov; kurt.eberl@srnl.doe.gov; pmann@doeal.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 543 EP 550 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000071 ER PT B AU Trapp, DJ AF Trapp, Donald J. BE Bajwa, CS Bezdikian, G Brumovsky, M Cheta, A Ezekoye, I Gupta, N May, C Sanwarwala, M Shah, VN Shoji, Y TI PRESHIPMENT LEAK TESTING OF 9977 CONTAINMENT VESSELS WITH THE TM ELECTRONICS SOLUTION MODEL S1A-L2-V LEAK TESTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is replacing its 6M nuclear shipping fleet with 9977 shipping packages, which were designed by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). The new packages require PNNL to perform a preshipment leak test on the lid seals of the containment vessel before the package is shipped on public roads. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) developed a preshipment leak test using a TM Electronics Solution leak tester for PNNL. The Solution is an automatic vacuum leak tester that uses the Gas Pressure Rise leak test method to check the O-ring lid seals and the test port plug seal. The two tests take three minutes each to perform. Because the Solution is fully automatic, the leak test can be done by operators after a few hours of training. This paper describes the test equipment and the testing sequence. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Trapp, DJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM donald.trapp@srnl.doe.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4926-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVG80 UT WOS:000291502000075 ER PT B AU Spears, RE AF Spears, R. E. GP ASME TI METHOD FOR GENERATING DESIGN EARTHQUAKE TIME HISTORIES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON MAINTAINING PHASING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 8 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A method has been developed which takes a seed earthquake time history and modifies it to produce a time-history with a given design response spectrum. It is a multistep process with an emphasis on maintaining phasing during the strong motion duration. Initially, the seed earthquake time history is broken into a series of separate time histories which added together produce the original time history. Each separate time history is drift corrected using modifications only outside the strong motion duration of the seed earthquake time history. This allows the separate time histories to be individually scaled to improve the response spectrum match while the phase of the motion during the strong motion duration remains unchanged. To further improve the design response spectrum match, low cycle, low energy waves are added. This is primarily to control the response at higher frequency. These waves are tuned to improve the response at existing peaks. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Spears, RE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Robert.Spears@inl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4927-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVH47 UT WOS:000291568000007 ER PT B AU Houston, TW Mertz, GE Costantino, MC Costantino, CJ AF Houston, Thomas W. Mertz, Greg E. Costantino, Michael C. Costantino, Carl J. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF SEED RECORD SELECTION ON STRUCTURAL RESPONSE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 8 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Time history records are typically used to define the seismic demand for critical structures for which soil structure interaction (SSI) analyses are often required. Criteria for the development of time histories is provided in ASCE 43-05. The time histories are based on a close fit of 5% damped target response spectra. Recent experience has demonstrated that for cases where the transfer functions associated with the structural response are narrow, the ASCE 43-05 criteria can under-predict peak spectral responses in the structure by as much as 70% in some frequency ranges. One potential solution for this issue is to reinstate requirements for matching target response spectra for multiple damping levels to ASCE 43-05 criteria. However, recent probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) do not generally contain spectra for multiple damping levels. This paper proposes an approach to generate target spectra at multiple damping levels, given the 5% damped target spectrum provided by the PSHA, utilizing catalogs of recorded earthquakes. The process of fitting time histories to multiple damped spectra is effective in correcting defficiencies observed in the computed structural response when time histories meeting the ASCE 43-05 fitting criteria are used. C1 [Houston, Thomas W.; Mertz, Greg E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seism Risk Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Houston, TW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seism Risk Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM thouston@lanl.gov; mike@cjcassoc.com; carl@cjcassoc.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4927-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVH47 UT WOS:000291568000013 ER PT B AU Nie, J Morante, RJ Hofmayer, CH Ali, SA AF Nie, Jinsuo Morante, Richard J. Hofmayer, Charles H. Ali, Syed A. GP ASME TI ASSESSING EQUIVALENT VISCOUS DAMPING USING PIPING SYSTEM TEST RESULTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 8 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The specification of damping for nuclear piping systems subject to seismic-induced motions has been the subject of many studies and much controversy. Damping estimation based on test data can be influenced by numerous factors, consequently leading to considerable scatter in damping estimates in the literature. At present, nuclear industry recommendations and nuclear regulatory guidance are not consistent on the treatment of damping for analysis of nuclear piping systems. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a more complete and consistent technical basis for specification of appropriate damping values for use in design and analysis. This paper summarizes the results of recent damping studies conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory. C1 [Nie, Jinsuo; Morante, Richard J.; Hofmayer, Charles H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nie, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jnie@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4927-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVH47 UT WOS:000291568000027 ER PT B AU Nie, J Morante, RJ Miranda, MJ Braverman, JI AF Nie, Jinsuo Morante, Richard J. Miranda, Manuel J. Braverman, Joseph I. GP ASME TI ON THE CORRECT APPLICATION OF THE 100-40-40 RULE FOR COMBINING RESPONSES DUE TO THREE DIRECTIONS OF EARTHQUAKE LOADING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 8 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID COMBINATION RULES; SEISMIC ANALYSIS; ENVELOPES; VECTORS AB The 100-40-40 rule is often used with the response spectrum analysis method to determine the maximum seismic responses from structural responses resulting from the three spatial earthquake components. This rule has been referenced in several recent Design Certification applications of nuclear power plants, and appears to be gaining in popularity. However, this rule is described differently in ASCE 4-98 and Regulatory Guide 1.92, consequently causing confusion on correct implementation of this rule in practice. The square root of the sum of the squares method is another acceptable spatial combination method and was used to justify the adequacy of the 100-40-40 rule during the development of the Regulatory Guide 1.92. The 100-40-40 rule, when applied correctly, is almost always conservative compared to the SRSS method, and is only slightly unconservative in rare cases. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the proper application of the 100-40-40 rule, as prescribed in ASCE 4-98 and in Regulatory Guide 1.92, and to clarify the confusion caused by the two different formats of this rule. C1 [Nie, Jinsuo; Morante, Richard J.; Miranda, Manuel J.; Braverman, Joseph I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nie, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jnie@bnl.gov RI Miranda, Manuel/G-8008-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4927-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVH47 UT WOS:000291568000028 ER PT B AU Braverman, J Morante, R Hofmayer, C Roche-Rivera, R Pires, J AF Braverman, Joseph Morante, Richard Hofmayer, Charles Roche-Rivera, Robert Pires, Jose GP ASME TI DEMONSTRATING STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES FOR BEYOND DESIGN-BASIS PRESSURE LOADINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 8 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Demonstrating the structural integrity of U.S. nuclear power plant (NPP) containment structures, for beyond design-basis internal pressure loadings, is necessary to satisfy Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requirements and performance goals. This paper discusses methods for demonstrating the structural adequacy of the containment for beyond design-basis pressure loadings. Three distinct evaluations are addressed: (1) estimating the ultimate pressure capacity of the containment structure (10 CFR 50 [1] and US NRC Standard Review Plan, Section 3.8) [2]; (2) demonstrating the structural adequacy of the containment subjected to pressure loadings associated with combustible gas generation (10 CFR 52 [3] and 10 CFR 50 [1]); and (3) demonstrating the containment structural integrity for severe accidents (10 CFR 52 [3] as well as SECY 90-016 [4], SECY 93-087 [5], and related NRC staff requirements memoranda (SRMs)). The paper describes the technical basis for specific aspects of the methods presented. It also presents examples of past issues identified in licensing activities related to these evaluations. C1 [Braverman, Joseph; Morante, Richard; Hofmayer, Charles] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Braverman, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4927-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVH47 UT WOS:000291568000029 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK Odette, GR Sokolov, MA AF Nanstad, Randy K. Odette, G. Robert Sokolov, Mikhail A. GP ASME TI ENSURING THE PERFORMANCE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR PRESSURE VESSELS FOR LONG-TIME SERVICE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 9 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel is a critical element in demonstrating the capability of light water reactors for operation to at least 80 y. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program Plan is a collaborative program between the U.S. Department of Energy and the private sector directed at extending the life of the present generation of nuclear power plants to enable such long-time operation. Given that the current generation of light water reactors were intended to operate for 40 y, there are significant issues that need to be addressed to reduce the uncertainties in regulatory application. The neutron dose to the vessel will at least double, and the database for such high dose levels under the low flux conditions in the vessel is nonexistent. Associated with this factor are uncertainties regarding flux effects, effects of relatively high nickel content, uncertainties regarding application of fracture mechanics, thermal annealing and reirradiation. The issue of high neutron fluence/long irradiation times and flux effects is the highest priority. Both data and mechanistic understanding are needed to enable accurate, reliable embrittlement predictions at high fluences. This paper discusses the major issues associated with long-time operation of existing RPVs, the LWRSP plans to address those issues, and recent relevant results. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.; Sokolov, Mikhail A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4928-6 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 125 EP 133 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVH46 UT WOS:000291567000021 ER PT B AU Bond, LJ AF Bond, Leonard J. GP ASME TI MOVING BEYOND NDE TO PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF MATERIALS DEGRADATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2010, VOL 9 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference CY JUL 18-22, 2010 CL Bellevue, WA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID PROGNOSTICS AB There is growing interest in life extensions to enable longer term operation (LTO) for both existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) and proposed new NPPs. In order to justify an initial license extension for the 40-60 year period, new non-destructive examination (NDE) approaches have been developed and deployed by NPP operators in their Aging Management Programs (AMPs). However, to achieve the goals of even longer term operation, and specifically for the USA in looking at methodologies to support subsequent license renewal periods (i.e., 60-80 years, and beyond), it is necessary to understand the capabilities of current NDE methods to detect, monitor and trend degradation and hence enable timely implementation of appropriate corrective actions. This paper discusses insights from past experience, the state-of-the-art, and current activities in the move towards providing a capacity for proactive management of materials degradation (PMMD) to support NPP LTO. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bond, LJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM leonard.bond@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4928-6 J9 PRES VES P PY 2010 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVH46 UT WOS:000291567000034 ER PT B AU Wang, JJA Liu, KC Naus, D AF Wang, John Jy-An Liu, Ken C. Naus, Dan BE Rudland, DL TI A NEW TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE STRENGTH AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF CEMENT MORTAR AND CONCRETE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE fracture toughness; torsion testing; spiral groove; miniature specimen; mixed-modes fracture; graphite; carbon; composites; mortar ID ENERGY AB The Spiral Notch Torsion Fracture Toughness Test (SNTT) was developed recently to determine the intrinsic fracture toughness (K-IC) of structural materials. The SNTT system operates by applying pure torsion to uniform cylindrical specimens with a notch line that spirals around the specimen at a 45 degrees pitch. K-IC values are obtained with the aid of an in-house developed three-dimensional finite-element computer code, TOR3D-KIC. The SNTT method is uniquely suitable for testing a wide variety of materials used extensively in pressure vessel and piping structural components and weldments. Application of the method to metallic, ceramic, and graphite materials has been demonstrated. One important characteristic of SNTT is that neither a fatigue precrack nor a deep notch are required for the evaluation of brittle materials, which significantly reduces the sample size requirement. In this paper we report results for a Portland cement-based mortar to demonstrate applicability of the SNTT method to cementitious materials. The estimated K-IC of the tested mortar samples with compressive strength of 34.45 MPa was found to be 0.19 MPa root m. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An; Liu, Ken C.; Naus, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Wangja@ornl.gov OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700003 ER PT B AU Lam, PS Zapp, PE Duffey, JM Dunn, KA AF Lam, P. S. Zapp, P. E. Duffey, J. M. Dunn, K. A. BE Rudland, DL TI STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN TEAR DROP SPECIMENS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 304L stainless steel used to construct the containment vessels for the storage of plutonium-bearing materials. The tear drop corrosion specimens each with an autogenous weld in the center were placed in contact with moist plutonium oxide and chloride salt mixtures. Cracking was found in two of the specimens in the heat affected zone (HAZ) at the apex area. Finite element analysis was performed to simulate the specimen fabrication for determining the internal stress which caused SCC to occur. It was found that the tensile stress at the crack initiation site was about 30% lower than the highest stress which had been shifted to the shoulders of the specimen due to the specimen fabrication process. This finding appears to indicate that the SCC initiation took place in favor of the possibly weaker weld/base metal interface at a sufficiently high level of background stress. The base material, even subject to a higher tensile stress, was not cracked. The relieving of tensile stress due to SCC initiation and growth in the HAZ and the weld might have foreclosed the potential for cracking at the specimen shoulders where higher stress was found. C1 [Lam, P. S.; Zapp, P. E.; Duffey, J. M.; Dunn, K. A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lam, PS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700014 ER PT B AU Choi, KS Pan, J AF Choi, K. S. Pan, J. BE Rudland, DL TI AN ANISOTROPIC HARDENING RULE WITH NON-ASSOCIATED FLOW RULE FOR PRESSURE-SENSITIVE MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE anisotropic hardening rule; pressure-sensitive materials; cyclic loading; non-associated flow rule; hysteresis loop ID GREY CAST-IRON; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; YIELD CRITERION; METALS; SIMULATION; STRESS; MODEL AB In this paper, cyclic plastic behaviors of pressure-sensitive materials based on an anisotropic hardening rule with two non-associated flow rules are examined. The Drucker-Prager pressure-sensitive yield function and the Mises plastic potential function are adopted to explore the cyclic plastic behaviors of pressure-sensitive materials or strength-differential materials. The constitutive relations are formulated for the initial loading and unloading/reloading processes based on the anisotropic hardening rule of Choi and Pan [1]. Non-associated flow rules are employed to derive closed-form stress-plastic strain relations under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions. The stress-plastic strain curves based on a conventional non-associated flow rule do not close, and show a significant ratcheting under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions. A new non-conventional non-associated flow rule is then formulated based on observed nearly closed hysteresis loops of pressure-sensitive materials. The stress-plastic strain curves based on the non-conventional non-associated flow rule show closed hysteresis loops under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions. The results indicate that the anisotropic hardening rule with the non-conventional non-associated flow rule describes well the strength-differential effect and the asymmetric closed hysteresis loops as observed in the uniaxial cyclic loading tests of pressure-sensitive materials. C1 [Choi, K. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Choi, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700019 ER PT B AU Duncan, AJ Adams, TM Lam, PS AF Duncan, Andrew J. Adams, Thad M. Lam, Poh-Sang BE Rudland, DL TI FRACTURE PROPERTY TESTING OF CARBON STEEL IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB An infrastructure of new and existing pipelines and systems will be required to carry and to deliver hydrogen as an alternative energy source to meet the energy demands of the future. Carbon and low alloy steels of moderate strength are currently used in hydrogen delivery systems as well as in the existing natural gas systems. It is critical to understand the material response of these standard pipeline materials when they are subjected to pressurized hydrogen environments. The methods and results from a testing program to quantify hydrogen effects on mechanical properties of carbon steel pipeline and pipeline weld materials are provided. Fracture toughness testing has been performed for one type of steel pipe material (A106 Grade B) in base metal, welded and heat affected zone conditions. C-shaped specimens were tested at room temperature in air and high pressure (102 ATM) hydrogen. A marked reduction in J(Q) was documented for both the base metal and HAZ metal tested in hydrogen. The results compliment a previous study on tensile properties of A106 Grade B material in high pressure hydrogen and are envisioned to be part of the basis for construction codes and structural integrity demonstrations of piping and pipelines for hydrogen service. C1 [Duncan, Andrew J.; Adams, Thad M.; Lam, Poh-Sang] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Duncan, AJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700027 ER PT B AU Morgan, MJ Chapman, GK AF Morgan, Michael J. Chapman, Glenn K. BE Rudland, DL TI Hydrogen Effects on Fracture Toughness of Type 316L Stainless Steel from 175 K to 425 K SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The effects of hydrogen on the fracture-toughness properties of Type 316L stainless steel from 175 K to 425 K were measured. Fracture-toughness samples were fabricated from Type 316L stainless steel forgings and hydrogen-charged with hydrogen at 34 MPa and 623 K for two weeks prior to testing. The effect of hydrogen on the J-Integral vs. crack extension behavior was measured at various temperatures by fracturing non-charged and hydrogen-charged samples in an environmental chamber. Hydrogen-charged steels had lower toughness values than non-charged ones, but still retained good toughness properties. The fracture-toughness values of hydrogen-charged samples tested near ambient temperature were about 70 % of non-charged values. For hydrogen-charged samples tested at 225 K and 425 K, the fracture-toughness values were 50% of the non-charged values. In all cases, fracture occurred by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, although the hydrogen-charged samples had smaller and more closely spaced microvoids. The results suggest that hydrogen effects on toughness are greater at 225 K than they are at ambient temperature because of strain-induced martensite formation. At 425 K, the hydrogen effects on toughness are greater than they are at ambient temperature because of the higher mobility of hydrogen. C1 [Morgan, Michael J.; Chapman, Glenn K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Morgan, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 233 EP 241 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700028 ER PT B AU Wiersma, BJ Elder, JB VandeKamp, RW McKeel, CA AF Wiersma, Bruce J. Elder, James B. VandeKamp, Rodney W. McKeel, Charles A. BE Rudland, DL TI FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE ASSESSMENT FOR A RADIOACTIVE WASTE TANK THAT CONTAINS STRESS CORROSION CRACKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Radioactive wastes are confined in 49 underground storage tanks at the Savannah River Site. The tanks are examined by ultrasonic (UT) methods for thinning, pitting, and stress corrosion cracking in order to assess fitness-for-service. During an inspection in 2002, ten cracks were identified on one of the tanks. Given the location of the cracks (i.e., adjacent to welds, weld attachments, and weld repairs), fabrication details (e.g., this tank was not stress-relieved), and the service history the degradation mechanism was stress corrosion cracking. Crack instability calculations utilizing API-579 guidance were performed to show that the combination of expected future service condition hydrostatic and tensile weld residual stresses do not drive any of the identified cracks to instability. The cracks were re-inspected in 2007 to determine if crack growth had occurred. During this re-examination, one indication that was initially reported as a "possible perpendicular crack <25% through wall" in 2002, was clearly shown not to be a crack. Additionally, examination of a new area immediately adjacent to other cracks along a vertical weld revealed three new cracks. It is not known when these new cracks formed as they could very well have been present in 2002 as well. Therefore, a total of twelve cracks were evaluated during the re-examination. Comparison of the crack lengths measured in 2002 and 2007 revealed that crack growth had occurred in four of the nine previously measured cracks. The crack length extension ranged from 0.25 to 1.8 inches. However, in all cases the cracks still remained within the tensile weld residual stress zone (i.e., within two to three inches of the weld). The impact of the cracks that grew on the future service of Tank 15 was reassessed. API-579 crack instability calculations were again performed based on expected future service conditions and trended crack growth rates for the future tank service cycle. The analysis showed that the combined hydrostatic and tensile weld residual stresses do not drive the identified cracks to instability. This tank expected to be decommissioned in the near future. However, if these plans are delayed, it was recommended that a third examination of selected cracks in the tank be performed in 2014. C1 [Wiersma, Bruce J.; Elder, James B.; VandeKamp, Rodney W.; McKeel, Charles A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wiersma, BJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700078 ER PT B AU Feng, ZL Steel, R Packer, S David, SA AF Feng, Zhili Steel, Russell Packer, Scott David, Stan A. BE Rudland, DL TI FRICTION STIR WELDING OF API GARDE 65 STEEL PIPES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Friction stir welding (FSW), a novel solid-state joining process, was applied to girth weld API 5L Grade 65 steel pipes with an outer diameter of 12.75 '' (324 mm) and a wall thickness of 0.25 '' (6.35 mm). Fully consolidated single pass butt welds were obtained using a specially designed mechanized portable FSW system suitable for on-site pipe construction welding. The friction stir girth weld shows a slightly overmatched strength and superior impact toughness in comparison with the base metal, a very desirable combination of properties for pipeline weld that can be attributed to the wrought microstructure with refined grains in the stir zone (SZ), the thermal-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). C1 [Feng, Zhili; David, Stan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feng, ZL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fengz@ornl.gov; scott@advmp.com; rsteel@smith.com; davidsa1@ornl.gov RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 775 EP 779 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700082 ER PT B AU Ren, WJ AF Ren, Weiju BE Rudland, DL TI CONSIDERATIONS OF ALLOY 617 APPLICATION IN THE GEN IV NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEMS - PART I: MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID LIFE PREDICTION; CREEP-BEHAVIOR AB Alloy 617 is currently considered as a leading candidate material for high temperature components in the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor Systems. Because of the unprecedented severe working conditions beyond its commercial service experience required by the Gen IV systems, the alloy faces various challenges in both mechanical and metallurgical properties. This paper, as Part I of the discussion, is focused on the challenges and issues in the mechanical properties of Alloy 617 for the intended nuclear application. Considerations are given in details in its mechanical property data scatter, low creep strength in the desired high temperature range, lack of long-term creep curves, high loading rate dependency, and preponderant tertiary creep. Some research and development activities are suggested with discussions on their viability to satisfy the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor Systems needs in near future and in the long run. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS 6155,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM renw@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 781 EP 794 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700083 ER PT B AU Sokolov, MA AF Sokolov, Mikhail A. BE Rudland, DL TI ESTIMATION OF CRACK-ARREST TOUGHNESS TRANSITION AND NDT TEMPERATURES FROM CHARPY FORCE-DISPLACEMENT IMPACT TRACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A force-displacement trace of a Charpy impact test of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel in the transition range has a characteristic point, the so-called "force at the end of unstable crack propagation", F-a. A two-parameter Weibull probability function is used to model the distribution of the F-a in Charpy tests performed at ORNL on different RPV steels in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. These data have a good replication at a given test temperature, thus, the statistical analysis was applicable. It is shown that when temperature is normalized to T-NDT (T-T-NDT) or to T-100a (T-T-100a), the median F-a values of different RPV steels have a tendency to form the same shape of temperature dependence. Depending on normalization temperature, T-NDT or T-100a, it suggests a universal shape of the temperature dependence of F-a for different RPV steels. The best fits for these temperature dependencies are presented. These dependencies are suggested for use in estimation of NDT or T-100a from randomly generated Charpy impact tests. The maximum likelihood method is used to derive equations to estimate T-NDT and T-100a from randomly generated Charpy impact tests. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 811 EP 815 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700086 ER PT B AU Ren, WJ AF Ren, Weiju BE Rudland, DL TI CONSIDERATIONS OF ALLOY 617 APPLICATION IN THE GEN IV NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEMS - PART II: METALLURGICAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; CREEP AB Alloy 617 is currently considered as a leading candidate material for high temperature components in the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor Systems. Because of the unprecedented severe working conditions beyond its commercial service experience required by the Gen IV systems, the alloy faces various challenges in both mechanical and metallurgical properties. Following a previous paper discussing the mechanical property challenges, this paper is focused on the challenges and issues in metallurgical properties of the alloy for the intended nuclear application. Considerations are given in details about its metallurgical stability and aging evolution, aging effects on mechanical properties, potential Co hazard, and internal oxidation. Some research and development activities are suggested with discussions on viability to satisfy the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor System needs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS 6155,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM renw@ornl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 831 EP 843 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700089 ER PT B AU Ren, WJ Cebon, D Arnold, SM AF Ren, Weiju Cebon, David Arnold, Steven M. BE Rudland, DL TI EFFECTIVE MATERIALS PROPERTY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR THE 21(ST) CENTURY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper discusses key principles for the development of materials property information management software systems. There are growing needs for automated materials information management in various organizations. In part these are fuelled by the demands for higher efficiency in material testing, product design and engineering analysis. But equally important, organizations are being driven by the need for consistency, quality and traceability of data, as well as control of access to sensitive information such as proprietary data. Further, the use of increasingly sophisticated nonlinear, anisotropic and multi-scale engineering analyses requires both processing of large volumes of test data for development of constitutive models and complex materials data input for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) software. And finally, the globalization of economy often generates great needs for sharing a single "gold source" of materials information between members of global engineering teams in extended supply-chains. Fortunately, material property management systems have kept pace with the growing user demands and evolved to versatile data management systems that can be customized to specific user needs. The more sophisticated of these provide facilities for: (i) data management functions such as access, version, and quality controls; (ii) a wide range of data import, export and analysis capabilities; (iii) data "pedigree" traceability mechanisms; (iv) data searching, reporting and viewing tools; and (v) access to the information via a wide range of interfaces. In this paper the important requirements for advanced material data management systems, future challenges and opportunities such as automated error checking, data quality characterization, identification of gaps in datasets, as well as functionalities and business models to fuel database growth and maintenance are discussed. C1 [Ren, Weiju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-6155,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM renw@ornl.gov; dc@eng.cam.ac.uk; Steven.M.Arnold@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4369-7 PY 2010 BP 1551 EP 1560 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPZ06 UT WOS:000280407700165 ER PT B AU Lorenzo-Martin, C Ajayi, OO Lee, J Polycarpou, AA AF Lorenzo-Martin, C. Ajayi, O. O. Lee, JungKyu Polycarpou, Andreas A. GP ASME TI Frictional Behavior of Boundary Lubricated Contacts - Effect of Tribochemical Surface Films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE - 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Memphis, TN SP ASME, Tribol Div, Soc Tribol & Lubricat Engineers AB The friction characteristics of lubricated contacts are usually determined by the shearing of three interfacial structural elements; namely lubricant fluid film, tribochemical reaction films and the near-surface materials. The shear behavior of the fluid film components of lubrication can be adequately described by either the hydrodynamic, or elastohydrodynamic theories and calculations. The shear behavior of the near surface materials can also be approximated by contact mechanics. However, due to the complexity and lack of adequate information, description and analysis of the tribochemical film contributions to frictional behavior is more challenging. In this study we present evaluation of the friction behavior of a lubricated contact as a function of tribological test duration, as the tribochemical surface films were being formed. Tests were conducted with two different formulated lubricants, in addition to an unformulated PAO basestock lubricant. One of the formulated lubricants consists of PAO synthetic basestock with 2.5% each of ZDDP and MoDTC additives. The other formulated lubricant is a fully formulated commercial gear oil with similar viscosity. During the friction tests in a fully flooded reciprocating sliding roller-on-flat contact configuration, the friction coefficient decreased exponentially as the tribochemical films were formed; highlighting the impact of boundary films on friction. In the test with the basestock fluid, the friction remained constant for the duration of the test; although an oxide layer was formed. Nanoindentation hardness and modulus measurements were conducted on two of the tribochemical films to measure their mechanical properties and the consequent impact on measured friction during testing. C1 [Lorenzo-Martin, C.; Ajayi, O. O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lorenzo-Martin, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4895-1 PY 2010 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ49 UT WOS:000282210200021 ER PT B AU Blau, PJ Jolly, BC AF Blau, Peter J. Jolly, Brian C. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE REPETITIVE-IMPACT APPARATUS FOR EXHAUST VALVE MATERIAL TESTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE - 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Memphis, TN SP ASME, Tribol Div, Soc Tribol & Lubricat Engineers AB Some types of mating parts, such as exhaust valves and seats in diesel engines, must perform at elevated temperatures and in oxidizing environments, while at the same time resisting the effects of repetitive impacts and interfacial slip. The wear that takes place under such situations is the net result of a complex process that involves plastic deformation, tangential shear, and oxidation. Tribolayers form, are removed, and reform. An apparatus was designed to simulate the key aspects of elevated temperature wear of exhaust valves. Three degrees of motion: impact, slip, and rotation were taken into account. Two different test geometries were developed: (a) inclined cylindrical pins striking rounded corners, and (b) actual exhaust valve sealing surfaces striking the edges of flat blocks. The features of the high-temperature repetitive impact device are described, and examples of the wear scars produced by the two test configurations are presented. C1 [Blau, Peter J.; Jolly, Brian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4895-1 PY 2010 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ49 UT WOS:000282210200057 ER PT B AU Smith, KO Therkelsen, PL Littlejohn, D Ali, S Cheng, RK AF Smith, Kenneth O. Therkelsen, Peter L. Littlejohn, David Ali, Sy Cheng, Robert K. GP ASME TI CONCEPTUAL STUDIES OF A FUEL-FLEXIBLE LOW-SWIRL COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR THE GAS TURBINE IN CLEAN COAL POWER PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE Syngas; DLN; IGCC AB This paper reports the results of preliminary analyses that show the feasibility of developing a fuel flexible (natural gas, syngas and high-hydrogen fuel) combustion system for IGCC gas turbines. Of particular interest is the use of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's DLN low swirl combustion technology as the basis for the IGCC turbine combustor. Conceptual designs of the combustion system and the requirements for the fuel handling and delivery circuits are discussed. The analyses show the feasibility of a multi-fuel, utility-sized, LSI-based, gas turbine engine. A conceptual design of the fuel injection system shows that dual parallel fuel circuits can provide range of gas turbine operation in a configuration consistent with low pollutant emissions. Additionally, several issues and challenges associated with the development of such a system, such as flashback and auto-ignition of the high-hydrogen fuels, are outlined. C1 [Smith, Kenneth O.; Therkelsen, Peter L.; Littlejohn, David; Ali, Sy; Cheng, Robert K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, KO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rkcheng@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000064 ER PT B AU Maziasz, PJ Pint, BA AF Maziasz, Philip J. Pint, Bruce A. GP ASME TI HIGH TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE OF CAST CF8C-PLUS AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; COATINGS; ALLOYS AB Covers and casings of small to medium size gas turbines, can be made from cast austenitic stainless steels, including grades such as CF8C, CF3M, or CF10M. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Caterpillar have developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, that is a fully-austenitic stainless steel, based on additions of Mn and N to the standard Nb-stabilized CF8C steel grade. The Mn addition improves castability, as well as increasing the alloy solubility for N, and both Mn and N act synergistically to boost mechanical properties. CF8C-Plus steel has outstanding creep-resistance at 600 degrees-900 degrees C, which compares well with Ni-based superalloys like alloys X, 625, 617 and 230. CF8C-Plus also has very good fatigue and thermal fatigue resistance. It is used in the as-cast condition, with no additional heat-treatments. While commercial success for CF8C-Plus has been mainly for diesel exhaust components, this steel can also be considered for gasturbine and microturbine casings. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate some of the mechanical properties and update the long-term creep-rupture data, and to present new data on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of these materials, particularly in the presence of water vapor. C1 [Maziasz, Philip J.; Pint, Bruce A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 997 EP 1003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000098 ER PT B AU Alvin, MA AF Alvin, M. A. GP ASME TI MATERIALS AND COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT FOR ADVANCED TURBINE SYSTEMS - PROJECT SUMMARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Future hydrogen-fired or oxy-fuel turbines will likely experience an enormous level of thermal and mechanical loading, as turbine inlet temperatures (TIT) approach similar to 1425-1760 degrees C (similar to 2600-3200 degrees F) with pressures of similar to 300-625 psig, respectively. Maintaining the structural integrity of future turbine components under these extreme conditions will require (1) durable thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), (2) high temperature creep resistant metal substrates, and (3) effective cooling techniques. While advances in substrate materials have been limited for the past decades, thermal protection of turbine airfoils in future hydrogen-fired and oxy-fuel turbines will rely primarily on collective advances in the TBCs and acrothermal cooling. To support the advanced turbine technology development, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) at National Energy Technology Laboratory (NEIL) has continued its collaborative research efforts with the University of Pittsburgh and West Virginia University, while working in conjunction with commercial material and coating suppliers. This paper presents the technical accomplishments that were made during FY09 in the initial areas of advanced materials, acrothermal heat transfer and non-destructive evaluation techniques for use in advanced land-based turbine applications in the Materials and Component Development for Advanced Turbine Systems project, and introduces three new technology areas - high temperature overlayer coating development, diffusion barrier coating development, and oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy development that are being conducted in this effort. C1 US DOE Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Alvin, MA (reprint author), US DOE Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 1005 EP 1016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000099 ER PT B AU Cheng, MD AF Cheng, Meng-Dawn GP ASME TI Development and Application of A Membrane-Based Thermodenuder for Measurement of Volatile Particles Emitted by A Jet Turbine Engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID DIESEL EXHAUST; EMISSIONS; AIRCRAFT; FILTER AB Measurement of volatile particles emitted by modern jet engines is a daunting task. Besides the complexity in sampling jet aircraft exhaust, the main difficulty lies at how to faithfully capture the phase-partition dynamics of volatile particles as they travel downstream from the engine exhaust nozzle. As a result, the physico-chemical properties of the exhaust are also transformed. We have developed a sampling instrument that aims at enabling study of the phase-partition dynamics. The objective of this research project was to design and evaluate a new thermodenuder for performing phase separation of the engine-emitted volatile particles. The backbone of the new thermodenuder is a thin metallic membrane. The membrane enables extraction of molecules that can be thermally desorbed from the condensed particulate phases and collected for subsequent chemical analysis. Toward realization of the technique in the future field aircraft emissions measurement we tested this new thermo-denuding device using laboratory-generated particles that were made of non-volatile or semi-volatile chemicals. The particle penetration efficiency, a measure of the device performance, of this thermodenuder was found to be better than 99%. Results obtained from the tests executed at a number of operating temperature conditions show reasonably good thermal separation. We have scheduled to apply this new device to characterize emissions from a 163 turboshaft engine in the spring of 2010 and are expecting to show the engine results at the conference. The test results based on the laboratory-generated particles were encouraging for the intended application. With excellent particle transmission efficiency and an ability to simultaneously measure the composition in the gas and particle phases of the engine particles, we believe the new technology will make a great contribution to measurement research of engine emissions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200008 ER PT B AU Therkelsen, PL Littlejohn, D Cheng, RK Portillo, JE Martin, SM AF Therkelsen, Peter L. Littlejohn, David Cheng, Robert K. Portillo, J. Enrique Martin, Scott M. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF COMBUSTOR INLET GEOMETRY ON ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE AND FLOW FIELD BEHAVIOUR OF THE LOW SWIRL INJECTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE DLN; flame instabilities; acoustic model ID PREMIXED COMBUSTOR; FLAME AB Low Swirl Injector (LSI) technology is a lean premixed combustion method that is being developed for fuel-flexible gas turbines. The objective of this study is to characterize the fuel effects and influences of combustor geometry on the LSI's overall acoustic signatures and flowfields. The experiments consist of 24 flames at atmospheric condition with bulk flows ranging between 10 and 18 m/s. The flames burn CH(4) (at phi = 0.6 & 0.7) and a blend of 90% H(2) - 10% CH(4) by volume (at phi = 0.35 & 0.4). Two combustor configurations are used, consisting of a cylindrical chamber with and without a divergent quarl at the dump plane. The data consist of pressure spectral distributions at five positions within the system and 2D flowfield information measured by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (Ply). The results show that acoustic oscillations increase with U(0) and phi. However, the levels in the 90% H(2) flames are significantly higher than in the CH(4) flames. For both fuels, the use of the quarl reduces the fluctuating pressures in the combustion chamber by up to a factor of 7. The PIV results suggest this to be a consequence of the quarl restricting the formation of large vortices in the outer shear layer. A Generalized Instability Model (GIM) was applied to analyze the acoustic response of baseline flames for each of the two fuels. The measured frequencies and the stability trends for these two cases are predicted and the triggered acoustic mode shapes identified C1 [Therkelsen, Peter L.; Littlejohn, David; Cheng, Robert K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Therkelsen, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 1183 EP 1194 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200112 ER PT B AU Ferguson, D Ranalli, JA Strakey, P AF Ferguson, Don Ranalli, Joseph A. Strakey, Peter GP ASME TI INFLUENCE OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON COMBUSTION INSTABILITIES IN CH4 AND H2/CH4 FUEL MIXTURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID CAPTURE; FLAME AB This paper evaluates the impact of two strategies for reducing CO2 emissions on combustion instabilities in lean-premixed combustion. Exhaust gas recirculation can be utilized to increase the concentration of CO2 in the exhaust stream improving the efficiency in the post-combustion separation plant. This coupled with the use of coal derived syngas or hydrogen augmented natural gas can further decrease CO2 levels released into the environment. However, changes in fuel composition have been shown to alter the dynamic response in lean-premixed combustion systems. In this study, a fully premixed, swirl stabilized, atmospheric burner is operated on various blends of H2/CH4 fuels with N2 and CO2 dilution to simulate EGR. Acoustic pressure and velocity, and global heat release measurements were performed at fixed adiabatic flame temperatures to evaluate the impact of fuel composition and dilution on various mechanisms that drive the instabilities. C1 [Ferguson, Don; Ranalli, Joseph A.; Strakey, Peter] US DOE Morgantown, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Ferguson, D (reprint author), US DOE Morgantown, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 1259 EP 1267 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200118 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Brady, MP Yamamoto, Y Santella, ML Maziasz, PJ Matthews, WJ AF Pint, Bruce A. Brady, Michael P. Yamamoto, Yukinori Santella, Michael L. Maziasz, Philip J. Matthews, Wendy J. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF ALUMINA-FORMING AUSTENITIC FOIL FOR ADVANCED RECUPERATORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FE-CR ALLOYS; STAINLESS-STEELS; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CREEP-RESISTANT; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILIZATION; TECHNOLOGIES; ADDITIONS; HEAT AB A corrosion- and creep-resistant austenitic stainless steel has been developed for advanced recuperator applications. By optimizing the Al and Cr contents, the alloy is fully austenitic for creep strength while allowing the formation of a chemically-stable external alumina scale at temperatures up to 900 degrees C. An alumina scale eliminates long-term problems with the formation of volatile Cr oxy-hydroxides in the presence of water vapor in exhaust gas. As a first step in producing foil for primary surface recuperators, three commercially cast heats have been rolled to similar to 100 mu m thick foil in the laboratory to evaluate performance in creep and oxidation testing. Results from initial creep testing are presented at 675 degrees and 750 degrees C showing excellent creep strength compared to other candidate foil materials. Laboratory exposures in humid air at 650 degrees-800 degrees C have shown acceptable oxidation resistance. Similar oxidation behavior was observed for sheet specimens of these alloys exposed in a modified 65 kW microturbine for 2,871h. One composition that showed superior creep and oxidation resistance has been selected for preparation of a commercial batch of foil. C1 [Pint, Bruce A.; Brady, Michael P.; Yamamoto, Yukinori; Santella, Michael L.; Maziasz, Philip J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4400-7 PY 2010 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVA93 UT WOS:000290919900050 ER PT J AU Yu, Z Jaworski, AJ Backhaus, S AF Yu, Z. Jaworski, A. J. Backhaus, S. TI A low-cost electricity generator for rural areas using a travelling-wave looped-tube thermoacoustic engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE thermoacoustic engine; electricity generator; travelling wave AB This article describes the construction and preliminary testing of a pre-prototype thermoacoustic electricity generator to test the concept of a low-cost device for application in remote or rural areas of developing countries. A travelling-wave thermoacoustic engine with a configuration of a looped-tube resonator is designed and constructed to convert heat to acoustic power. Air at atmospheric pressure is used as the working gas, PVC tubing is utilized for the feedback pipe, whereas an inexpensive commercially available loudspeaker is adopted to convert the acoustic power, produced by the engine, to electricity. Preliminary experimental results are presented and discussed in detail. The results show that the approach is feasible in principle and it is possible to produce the electrical power levels in the order of 4-5 W with overall heat-to-electric efficiencies in the order of 1 per cent. Further work towards optimizing the device from the performance, manufacturing, and cost points of view is outlined. C1 [Yu, Z.; Jaworski, A. J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Backhaus, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jaworski, AJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM a.jaworski@manchester.ac.uk RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012; YU, Zhibin/A-6632-2013; OI YU, Zhibin/0000-0003-0845-9951; Backhaus, Scott/0000-0002-0344-6791 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK [EP/E044379/1, GR/T04502/01, GR/T04519/01] FX The authors acknowledge the support received from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, under grants EP/E044379/1 (SCORE), GR/T04502/01 (EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship), and GR/T04519/01. Other members of the SCORE project are acknowledged for their comments on the manuscript. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0957-6509 J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy PY 2010 VL 224 IS A6 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1243/09576509JPE864 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 649SW UT WOS:000281794700005 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, EA Szybist, JP Parks, JE AF Ibrahim, E. A. Szybist, J. P. Parks, J. E. TI Enhancement of automotive exhaust heat recovery by thermoelectric devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric; automotive; exhaust; heat transfer; energy recovery ID GENERATOR AB In an effort to improve automobile fuel economy, an experimental study was undertaken to explore the practical aspects of implementing thermoelectric devices for exhaust gas energy recovery. An experimental apparatus consisting of a hot-side (exhaust gas) rectangular duct and a cold-side (coolant liquid) rectangular duct enclosing six thermoelectric elements has been built and instrumented. Measurements of the thermoelectric voltage output, fluid and surface temperatures, and flowrates were acquired and analysed to investigate the power generation and heat transfer properties of the apparatus. The effects of inserting aluminium wool packing material inside the hot-side duct on augmentation of the heat transfer from the gas stream to duct walls were studied. Data were collected for both the unpacked and the packed cases to allow for deduction of the packing influence on the flow and surface temperatures. The effects of variations in the gas inlet temperature (300 degrees C, 320 degrees C, 340 degrees C, 360 degrees C, 380 degrees C, and 400 degrees C), coolant inlet temperature (40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 70 degrees C, and 90 degrees C), and gas flowrate (40 sl/min, 60 sl/min, and 80 sl/min) on the thermoelectric power output were examined. The results indicate that thermoelectric power production is increased at higher gas inlet temperatures or flowrates at a fixed coolant temperature. However, thermoelectric power generation decreases with a higher coolant temperature as a consequence of the reduced temperature differential between the hot side and the cold side. For the unpacked hot-side duct, a large temperature difference of up to 140 degrees C existed between the gas and solid surface temperatures owing to poor heat transfer through the gaseous medium. Adding the packing material inside the exhaust duct enhanced heat transfer and hence raised the hot-side duct surface temperature by as much as 30 degrees C and thermoelectric power by up to twofold, compared with the unpacked duct, particularly where the gas-to-surface temperature differential is highest. Therefore, it is recommended that packing of the exhaust duct becomes common practice in thermoelectric waste-energy-harvesting applications. C1 [Ibrahim, E. A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Szybist, J. P.; Parks, J. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ibrahim, EA (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 4900 Meridian St, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM essam.ibrahim@aamu.edu RI lee, yunzhu/G-1723-2011 FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Minority Educational Institutions; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [L05394] FX The authors would like to thank the laboratory-directed research and development programme at Oak Ridge National Laboratory where this work was performed under Project L05394 'Variable valve actuation to enable highly efficient engines'.; E. A. Ibrahim would like to express appreciation of financial support through an Oak Ridge Associated Universities Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Educational Institutions Faculty Research Participation Award during his summer 2009 appointment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 EI 2041-2991 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PY 2010 VL 224 IS D8 BP 1097 EP 1111 DI 10.1243/09544070JAUTO1438 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 634TL UT WOS:000280608200009 ER PT B AU Decca, RS Lopez, D Osquiguil, E AF Decca, R. S. Lopez, D. Osquiguil, E. BE Milton, KA Bordag, M TI NEW RESULTS FOR THE CASIMIR INTERACTION: SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION AND LOW TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM FIELD THEORY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS (QFEXT09) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK HO Univ Oklahoma DE Casimir force; MEMS; Low-temperature measurements ID FORCE; CONSTRAINTS AB We describe our latest results in the separation dependence of the Casimir interaction in the sphere-plane geometry for two Au-coated surfaces. All results are obtained by measuring the change in the resonant frequency of a sensitive microelectromechanical torsional oscillator as the separation between the sphere and the plane is changed. By means of the proximity force approximation, the change in resonant frequency yields the Casimir pressure between two parallel plates at the same separation. We present results for a new sample at room temperature, where the dielectric function has been measured in the 190-825 nm range. We show that the results of the Casimir force in this sample and in previous samples are virtually indistinguishable. Furthermore, the observed differences between measured and tabulated optical properties data do not show any effect on the calculation of the Casimir interaction. We also present results of the measurement of the Casimir force between a sphere and a plane at 300, 77, 4.2 and 2.1 K. While low temperature results are noisier than room" temperature ones, precluding a direct exclusion of either the Drude or the plasma model, the average of the measurements coincide at all temperatures. C1 [Decca, R. S.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lopez, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Osquiguil, E.] Ctr Atom Bariloche, Lab Bajas Temp, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Decca, RS (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rdecca@iupui.edu; dlopez@anl.gov; osquigui@cab.cnea.gov.ar FU NSF [CCF-0508239, PHY-0701236]; LANL [49423-001-07] FX RSD acknowledges NSF support through grants No. CCF-0508239 and PHY-0701236, LANL support through contract No. 49423-001-07. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4289-85-6 PY 2010 BP 88 EP 97 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BH0AS UT WOS:000394477400010 ER PT B AU Henkel, C Intravaia, F AF Henkel, C. Intravaia, F. BE Milton, KA Bordag, M TI ON THE CASIMIR ENTROPY BETWEEN "PERFECT CRYSTALS" SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM FIELD THEORY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS (QFEXT09) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK HO Univ Oklahoma DE Temperature; entropy; dissipation; overdamped mode ID QUANTIZATION; DIELECTRICS; DISPERSION AB We give a re-interpretation of an 'entropy defect' in the electromagnetic Casimir effect. The electron gas in a perfect crystal is an electromagnetically disordered system whose entropy contains a finite Casimir-like contribution. The Nernst theorem (third law of thermodynamics) is not applicable. C1 [Henkel, C.; Intravaia, F.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Intravaia, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henkel, C (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM henkel@uni-potsdam.de FU European Science Foundation (programme 'New Trends and Applications of the Casimir Effect'); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We acknowledge discussions with H. Haakh and support from the European Science Foundation (programme 'New Trends and Applications of the Casimir Effect', www.casimir-network.com). F.I. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for financial support. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4289-85-6 PY 2010 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BH0AS UT WOS:000394477400032 ER PT B AU Mottola, E AF Mottola, Emil BE Milton, KA Bordag, M TI THE TRACE ANOMALY AND DYNAMICAL VACUUM ENERGY IN COSMOLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM FIELD THEORY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS (QFEXT09) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK HO Univ Oklahoma DE Vacuum Energy; Trace Anomaly; Cosmological Constant; Dark Energy; Casimir Effect ID QUANTUM-GRAVITY; DARK ENERGY; SUPERNOVAE; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB The trace anomaly of conformal matter implies the existence of massless scalar poles in physical amplitudes involving the stress-energy tensor. These poles may be described by a local effective action with massless scalar fields, which couple to classical sources, contribute to gravitational scattering processes, and can have long range gravitational effects at macroscopic scales. In an effective field theory approach, the effective action of the anomaly is an infrared relevant term that should be added to the Einstein-Hilbert action of classical General Relativity to take account of macroscopic quantum effects. The additional scalar degrees of freedom contained in this effective action may be understood as responsible for both the Casimir effect in flat spacetime and large quantum backreaction effects at the horizon scale of cosmological space times. These effects of the trace anomaly imply that the cosmological vacuum energy is dynamical, and its value depends on macroscopic boundary conditions at the cosmological horizon scale, rather than sensitivity to the extreme ultraviolet Planck scale. C1 [Mottola, Emil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mottola, Emil] CERN, PH TH, Theoret Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Mottola, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM emil@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4289-85-6 PY 2010 BP 388 EP 407 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BH0AS UT WOS:000394477400049 ER PT S AU Agouzal, A Danilov, A Lipnikov, K Vassilevski, Y AF Agouzal, A. Danilov, A. Lipnikov, K. Vassilevski, Yu. BE Topping, BHV Adam, JM Pallares, FJ Bru, R Romero, ML TI Advanced Numerical Methods in Mesh Generation and Mesh Adaptation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SE Civil-Comp Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 14-17, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE advancing front technique; Delaunay triangulation; mesh adaptation; tensor metric; quasi-optimal mesh ID ERROR AB We describe a synergistic approach, where best properties of various mesh generation methods are combined to build efficiently simplicial meshes. First, the advancing front technique is combined with the Delaunay triangulation to build an initial mesh. Second, the metric-based mesh generation is employed to improve quality of this mesh and/or to adapt it to a problem solution. We describe relevant features of these methods and illustrate them with application examples involving robust mesh generation of complex engineering models and mesh adaptation for minimization of a discretization error. C1 [Agouzal, A.] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Danilov, A.; Vassilevski, Yu.] Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Lipnikov, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Agouzal, A (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-01-00159, 09-01-00115]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [P1127] FX This research was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research through grants 08-01-00159, 09-01-00115 and Contract from Russian Ministry of Education and Science P1127. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1759-3433 BN 978-1-905088-41-6 J9 CIVIL-COMP PROCEED PY 2010 VL 94 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8LP UT WOS:000392420200058 ER PT S AU Quadros, WR AF Quadros, W. R. BE Topping, BHV Adam, JM Pallares, FJ Bru, R Romero, ML TI Extraction and Applications of Skeletons in Finite Element Mesh Generation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SE Civil-Comp Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 14-17, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE skeleton; medial axis transform; chordal axis transform; mid-surface; finite element mesh generation ID SOLID MODELS; COMPUTATION; TRANSFORM; SHAPE AB This paper focuses on the extraction of skeletons of CAD models and its applications in finite element mesh generation. The term "skeleton of a CAD model" can be visualized as analogous to the "skeleton of a human body". In the last decade, the author has utilized different skeletal representations in all-quad meshing, hex meshing, mid-surface meshing, mesh size function generation, and defeaturing. A brief discussion on the related work from other researchers in the area of tri meshing, tet meshing, and anisotropic meshing is also included. A new skeleton-based method for decomposing geometry that is still under active development is also presented. This paper concludes by summarizing the pros and cons of the skeleton-based approaches in solving many geometry-centred problems in finite element mesh generation. C1 [Quadros, W. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quadros, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1759-3433 BN 978-1-905088-41-6 J9 CIVIL-COMP PROCEED PY 2010 VL 94 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BG8LP UT WOS:000392420200057 ER PT B AU Bradonjic, M Elsasser, R Friedrich, T Sauerwald, T Stauffer, A AF Bradonjic, Milan Elsasser, Robert Friedrich, Tobias Sauerwald, Thomas Stauffer, Alexandre GP SIAM/ACM TI Efficient Broadcast on Random Geometric Graphs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL ACM-SIAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS SE Proceedings in Applied Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual ACM/SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms CY JAN 17-19, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP ACM, SIAM Activ Grp Discrete Math, SIGACT ID COVER TIME AB A Random Geometric Graph (RGG) in two dimensions is constructed by distributing it, nodes independently and uniformly at random in [0, root n](2) and cleating edges between every pan of nodes having Euclidean distance at most r, for sonic prescribed r We analyze the following randomized broadcast algorithm on RGGs At the beginning, only one node horn the largest, connected component of the RGG is informed Then, in each round, each informed node chooses a. neighbor independently and uniformly at random and informs it We prove that with probability 1 - O(n(-1)) this algorithm informs every node in the largest connected component, of an RGG within O(root n/r + log n) rounds This holds for any value of r larger than the critical value for the emergence of a connected component; with Q(n) nodes. In order to wove this result, we show that for any two nodes sufficiently distant from each other in [0, 0712, the length of the shortest path between them in the RGG, when such a path exists, is only a. constant factor larger than the optimum This result has independent, interest and, in particular, gives that the diameter of the largest; connected component of an RGG is circle minus(root n/r), which surprisingly has been an open problem so far C1 [Bradonjic, Milan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradonjic, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Stauffer, Alexandre/0000-0001-5278-6787 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898717-01-3 J9 PROC APPL MATH PY 2010 VL 135 BP 1412 EP 1421 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BQC64 UT WOS:000280699900114 ER PT J AU Bent, R Berscheid, A Toole, GL AF Bent, Russell Berscheid, Alan Toole, G. Loren GP AAAI TI Transmission Network Expansion Planning with Simulation Optimization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence ID DISCREPANCY SEARCH AB Within the electric power literature the transmission expansion planning problem (TNEP) refers to the problem of how to upgrade an electric power network to meet future demands. As this problem is a complex, non-linear, and non-convex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows. Existing approaches are often tightly coupled to the approximation choice. Until recently, these approximations have produced results that are straight-forward to adapt to the more complex (real) problem. However, the power grid is evolving towards a state where the adaptations are no longer easy (e.g. large amounts of limited control, renewable generation) that necessitates new optimization techniques. In this paper, we propose a local search variation of the powerful Limited Discrepancy Search (LDLS) that encapsulates the complexity of power flows in a black box that may be queried for information about the quality of a proposed expansion. This allows the development of a new optimization algorithm that is independent of the underlying power model. C1 [Bent, Russell; Berscheid, Alan; Toole, G. Loren] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K488,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bent, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K488,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD project Optimization and Control Theory for Smart Grids FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD project Optimization and Control Theory for Smart Grids. We also gratefully acknowledge the thoughtful comments of the anonymous reviewers that helped improve the quality of this presentation. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700004 ER PT J AU Ng, B Meyers, C Boakye, K Nitao, J AF Ng, Brenda Meyers, Carol Boakye, Kofi Nitao, John GP AAAI TI Towards Applying Interactive POMDPs to Real-World Adversary Modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence AB We examine the suitability of using decision processes to model real-world systems of intelligent adversaries. Decision processes have long been used to study cooperative multi-agent interactions, but their practical applicability to adversarial problems has received minimal study. We address the pros and cons of applying sequential decision-making in this area, using the crime of money laundering as a specific example. Motivated by case studies, we abstract out a model of the money laundering process, using the framework of interactive partially observable Markov decision processes (I-POMDPs). We discuss why this framework is well suited for modeling adversarial interactions. Particle filtering and value iteration are used to solve the model, with the application of different pruning and look-ahead strategies to assess the tradeoffs between solution quality and algorithmic run time. Our results show that there is a large gap in the level of realism that can currently be achieved by such decision models, due to computational demands that limit the size of problems that can be solved. While these results represent solutions to a simplified model of money laundering, they illustrate nonetheless the kinds of agent interactions that cannot be captured by standard approaches such as anomaly detection. This implies that I-POMDP methods may be valuable in the future, when algorithmic capabilities have further evolved. C1 [Ng, Brenda; Meyers, Carol; Boakye, Kofi; Nitao, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ng, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [09-LW-30] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and was supported by LLNL funding for the project Towards Understanding Higher-Adaptive Systems (09-LW-30). The authors also wish to thank Prashant Doshi for his helpful advice and starter source code. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 1814 EP 1820 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700290 ER PT B AU Holmes, SD AF Holmes, Stephen D. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SUPERCONDUCTING RADIOFREQUENCY LINAC DEVELOPMENT AT FERMILAB SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB As the Fermilab Tevatron Collider program draws to a close, a strategy has emerged of an experimental program built around the high intensity frontier. The centerpiece of this program is a superconducting H- linac that will support world leading programs in long baseline neutrino experimentation and the study of rare processes. Based on technology shared with the International Linear Collider, Project X will provide multi-MW beams at 60-120 GeV from the Main Injector, simultaneous with very high intensity beams at lower energies. Project X also supports development of a Muon Collider as a future facility at the energy frontier. C1 [Holmes, Stephen D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Holmes, SD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance FX Work supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800001 ER PT B AU Palmer, RB AF Palmer, R. B. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI MUON COLLIDER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab DE Muon Collider; Ionization Cooling; Acceleration AB Parameters are given of muon colliders with center of mass energies of 1.5 and 3 TeV. Pion production is from protons on a mercury target. Capture, decay, and phase rotation yields bunch trains of both muon signs. Six dimensional cooling reduces the emittances until the trains are merged into single bunches, one of each sign. Further cooling in 6 dimensions is then applied, followed by final transverse cooling in 50 T solenoids. After acceleration the muons enter the collider ring. Ongoing R&D is discussed. C1 [Palmer, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. RP Palmer, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. EM ab_palmer@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX Work supported by US Department of Energy under contracts AC02-98CH10886 and DE-AC02-76CH03000 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800004 ER PT B AU Geer, S AF Geer, Steve BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI NEUTRINO FACTORIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab ID MUON; PHYSICS AB Over the last decade there has been significant progress in developing the concepts and technologies needed to produce, capture and accelerate, O(10(21)) muons/year. This development prepares the way for a new type of neutrino source : a Neutrino Factory. This article reviews the motivation, design and R&D for a Neutrino Factory. C1 [Geer, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX This work is supported at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which is operated by the Fermi Research Association, under contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800005 ER PT B AU Sheffield, RL Pitcher, EJ AF Sheffield, Richard L. Pitcher, Eric J. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI ADS HISTORY IN THE USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Nearly all risks to future generations arising from long-term disposal of used nuclear fuel are attributable to the transuranic elements and long-lived fission products, about 2% of its content. The transuranic elements of concern are plutonium, neptunium, americium, and curium. Long-lived (>100,000-year half-life) isotopes of iodine and technetium are also created by nuclear fission of uranium. We can reduce the problem transuranics through accelerator-based transmutation. Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) have been proposed for over two decades as one technique to transmute used nuclear fuel. This paper covers the history and some new possible applications of accelerator driven systems. C1 [Sheffield, Richard L.; Pitcher, Eric J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE DO, MS H816, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheffield, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE DO, MS H816, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800007 ER PT B AU Gudima, KK Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI AF Gudima, K. K. Mokhov, N. V. Striganov, S. I. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI KAON YIELDS FOR 2 TO 8 GEV PROTON BEAMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Production rates of kaons and accompanying particles from nuclear targets are modeled with LAQGSM and MARS15 for low-energy proton beams. C1 [Gudima, K. K.; Mokhov, N. V.; Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gudima, KK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mokhov@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800012 ER PT B AU Striganov, SI AF Striganov, S. I. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PION YIELD STUDIES FOR PROTON DRIVER BEAMS OF 2-8 GeV KINETIC ENERGY FOR STOPPED MUON AND LOW-ENERGY MUON DECAY EXPERIMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab DE pion production; proton-nucleus interaction AB Energy dependence of slow pion yield in proton-nucleus interactions is analyzed. Experimental data of the HARP collaboration is fitted using two-fireball model with chi(2)/n(d) similar to 1 from 3 to 8 GeV/c. It is shown that low momentum negative pion yield rises almost linearly with proton kinetic energy. Normalized low momentum positive pion yield is larger at lower proton energy. C1 [Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Striganov, SI (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM striganov@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800013 ER PT B AU Mokhov, NV Rakhno, IL Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, N. V. Rakhno, I. L. Striganov, S. I. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SIMULATION AND VERIFICATION OF DPA IN MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB A recent implementation and verification of consistent modeling of displacements per atom (DPA) in the MARS15 code are described for high-energy particles and heavy ions. C1 [Mokhov, N. V.; Rakhno, I. L.; Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mokhov@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800015 ER PT B AU Jaffe, D Tschirhart, R AF Jaffe, D. Tschirhart, R. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PARTICLE PHYSICS ENABLED WITH SUPER-CONDUCTING RF TECHNOLOGY - SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP 1 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The summary of working group WG1 exploring the discovery science enabled with SRF technology is given here. C1 [Jaffe, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tschirhart, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jaffe, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800017 ER PT B AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, Michael S. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PROTON BEAM REQUIREMENTS FOR A NEUTRINO FACTORY AND MUON COLLIDER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Both a Neutrino Factory and a Muon Collider place stringent demands on the proton beam used to generate the desired beam of muons. Here we discuss the advantages and challenges of muon accelerators and the rationale behind the requirements on proton beam energy, intensity, bunch length, and repetition rate. Example proton driver configurations that have been considered in recent years are also briefly indicated. C1 [Zisman, Michael S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800018 ER PT B AU Palmer, RB AF Palmer, R. B. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PROTON BUNCHING OPTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab DE Muon Collider; proton driver; space charge tune shift AB Muon Colliders [1] need intense, very short, proton bunches. The requirements are presented and a number of possible bunching systems discussed. The best solution uses a small super-conducting buncher ring with 6 bunches that are taken though separate transports and combined on the target. C1 [Palmer, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. RP Palmer, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. EM palmer@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX Work supported by US Department of Energy under contracts AC02-98CH10886 and DE-AC02-76CH03000 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800019 ER PT B AU Popovic, M Ankenbrandt, CM Johnson, RP AF Popovic, Milorad Ankenbrandt, Charles M. Johnson, Rolland P. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI CW SRF H- LINAC AS A PROTON DRIVER FOR MUON COLLIDERS AND NEUTRINO FACTORIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB We describe a Project-X proton driver based on a CW Superconducting RF Linac with final energy as high as 8 GeV. This machine would have the potential to produce multi MW if beams to drive the Fermilab neutrino programs, rare kaon and muon decay experiments, muon cooling R&D programs, neutrino factories, and muon colliders. Keys to a CW machine to suit these uses include ways to generate the desired bunch trains and ways to accumulate many protons in an intermediate storage ring before they are bunched and directed to a target. Enhanced carbon foil techniques can allow accumulation of intense proton beams from a CW linac, which we propose to be extended from 3 GeV to as much as 8 GeV for the most efficient muon production for colliders and neutrino factories and to replace the Booster for improved Main Injector operation. C1 [Popovic, Milorad] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ankenbrandt, Charles M.; Johnson, Rolland P.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Popovic, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM popovic@fnal.gov FU Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Supported in part by Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800020 ER PT B AU Chou, WR AF Chou, Weiren BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI RAPID CYCLING SYNCHROTRON OPTION FOR PROJECT X SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB This paper presents an 8 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) option for Project X. It has several advantages over an 8 GeV SC linac. In particular, the cost could be lower. With a 2 GeV 10 mA pulsed linac as injector, the RCS would be able to deliver 4 MW beam power for a muon collider. If, instead, a 2 GeV 1 mA CW linac is used, the RCS would still be able to meet the Project X requirements but it would be difficult for it to serve a muon collider due to the very long injection time. C1 [Chou, Weiren] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chou, WR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM chou@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States Department of Energy FX This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800021 ER PT B AU Mokhov, NV Gudima, KK Strait, JB Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, N. V. Gudima, K. K. Strait, J. B. Striganov, S. I. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PION PRODUCTION FOR NEUTRINO FACTORIES AND MUON COLLIDERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Optimization of pion and muon production/collection for neutrino factories and muon colliders is described along with recent developments of the MARS15 code event generators and effects influencing the choice of the optimal beam energy. C1 [Mokhov, N. V.; Gudima, K. K.; Strait, J. B.; Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mokhov@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 168 EP 171 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800023 ER PT B AU Lebedev, V AF Lebedev, Valeri BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PROTON BUNCH COMPRESSION STRATEGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The paper discusses main limitations on the beam power and other machine parameters for a 4 MW proton driver for muon collider. The strongest limitation comes from a longitudinal microwave instability limiting the beam power to about 1 MW for an 8 GeV compressor ring. C1 [Lebedev, Valeri] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. RP Lebedev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. EM val@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800024 ER PT B AU Shiltsev, V AF Shiltsev, Vladimir BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI ACCELERATOR TEST FACILITY FOR MUON COLLIDER AND NEUTRINO FACTORY R&D SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Over the last decade there has been significant progress in developing the concepts and technologies needed to produce, capture, accelerate and collide high intensity beams of muons. At present, a high-luminosity multi-TeV muon collider presents a viable option for the next generation lepton-lepton collider, which is believed to be needed to fully explore high energy physics in the era following LHC discoveries. This article briefly reviews the needs and possibilities for a Muon Collider beam test facility to carry out the R&D program on the collider front-end and 6D cooling demonstration experiment. C1 [Shiltsev, Vladimir] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, MS221, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shiltsev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, MS221, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM shiltsev@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work is supported at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which is operated by the Fermi Research Association, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800025 ER PT B AU Galambos, J Garoby, R Geer, S AF Galambos, J. Garoby, R. Geer, S. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI THE SUPERCONDUCTING RF LINAC FOR MUON COLLIDER AND NEUTRINO FACTORY - SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP 2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The summary of working group WG2 exploring the Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory cience enabled with SRF technology is given here. C1 [Galambos, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Garoby, R.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Geer, S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Galambos, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800026 ER PT B AU Rimmer, RA AF Rimmer, R. A. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PROSPECTS FOR A VERY HIGH POWER CW SRF LINAC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Steady development in SRF accelerator technology combined with the success of large scale installations such as CEBAF at Jefferson Laboratory and the SNS Linac at ORNL gives credibility to the concept of very high average power CW machines for light sources or Proton drivers. Such machines would be powerful tools for discovery science in themselves but could also pave the way to reliable cost effective drivers for such applications as neutrino factories, an energy-frontier muon collider, nuclear waste transmutation or accelerator driven subcritical reactors for energy production. In contrast to machines such as ILC that need maximum accelerating gradient, the challenges in these machines are mainly in efficiency, reliability, beam stability, beam loss and of course cost. In this paper the present state of the art is briefly reviewed and options for a multi-GeV, multi-MW CW linac are discussed. C1 [Rimmer, R. A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Rimmer, RA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM rarimmer@jlab.org FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84-ER40150] FX This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract DE-AC05-84-ER40150. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 220 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800027 ER PT B AU Ankenbrandt, CM Johnson, RP Popovic, M AF Ankenbrandt, Charles M. Johnson, Rolland P. Popovic, Milorad BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PROJECT-X, SRF, AND VERY LARGE POWER STATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB We seek to develop accelerator-driven subcritical (ADS) nuclear power stations operating at more than 5 to 10 GW in an inherently safe region below criticality, generating no greenhouse gases, producing minimal nuclear waste and no byproducts that are useful to rogue nations or terrorists, incinerating waste from conventional nuclear reactors, and efficiently using abundant thorium fuel that does not need enrichment. First, the feasibility of the accelerator technology must be demonstrated. Fermilab is developing concepts for Project X, which would use a superconducting RF (SRF) linear proton accelerator to provide beams for particle physics at the intensity and energy frontiers. We propose to extend this linac design to serve as a prototype for a practical accelerator that can drive several ADS reactors at once and also provide beams for reactor development. C1 [Ankenbrandt, Charles M.; Johnson, Rolland P.] Muons Inc, 552 N Batavia Ave, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Popovic, Milorad] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ankenbrandt, CM (reprint author), Muons Inc, 552 N Batavia Ave, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rol@muonsinc.com FU Fermilab [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Supported in part by Fermilab subcontract to Muons, Inc. under DOE DE-AC02-07CH11359 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800033 ER PT B AU Raja, R AF Raja, Rajendran BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI POWER PRODUCTION AND ADS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB We describe the power production process in Accelerator Driven Sub-critical systems employing Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 as fuel and examine the demands on the power of the accelerator required. C1 [Raja, Rajendran] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Raja, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 259 EP 263 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800034 ER PT B AU Gohar, Y AF Gohar, Yousry BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI EXPERIMENTAL NEUTRON SOURCE FACILITY BASED ON ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB An experimental neutron source facility has been developed for producing medical isotopes, training young nuclear professionals, providing capability for performing reactor physics, material research, and basic science experiments. It uses a driven subcritical assembly with an electron accelerator. The neutrons driving the subcritical assembly were generated from the electron interactions with a target assembly. Tungsten or uranium target material is used for the neutron production through photonuclear reactions. The neutron source intensity, spectrum, and spatial distribution have been studied to maximize the neutron yield and satisfy different engineering requirements. The subcritical assembly is designed to obtain the highest possible neutron flux intensity with a subcriticality of 0.98. Low enrichment uranium is used for the fuel material because it enhances the neutron source performance. Safety, reliability, and environmental considerations are included in the facility conceptual design. Horizontal neutron channels are incorporated for performing basic research including cold neutron source. This paper describes the conceptual design and summarizes some of the related analyses. C1 [Gohar, Yousry] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gohar, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Global Nuclear Material Threat Reduction [NA213] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Global Nuclear Material Threat Reduction (NA213). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 264 EP 275 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800035 ER PT B AU Yang, WS AF Yang, Won Sik BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI TRANSMUTATION MISSION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB This paper presents a brief summary of the objectives of transmutation mission and relevant fuel cycle strategies and transmutation systems, including a short comparison of the main characteristics of fast reactor and accelerator-driven systems for actinide transmutation. C1 [Yang, Won Sik] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 276 EP 279 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800036 ER PT B AU Cahalan, JE AF Cahalan, James E. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SAFETY PERFORMANCE AND ISSUES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB This paper identifies the basic safety functions in nuclear reactor design, and the safety design issues for accelerator-driven subcritical reactors. C1 [Cahalan, James E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cahalan, JE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by the U Chicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800037 ER PT B AU Gohar, Y AF Gohar, Yousry BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SPALLATION TARGET DESIGN FOR ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB A design methodology for the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) spallation target has been developed and applied. This methodology includes the target interface with the subcritical assembly and the different engineering aspects of the target design, physics, heat-transfer, hydraulics, structural, radiological, and safety analyses. Several design constrains were defined and utilized for the target design process to satisfy different engineering requirements and to minimize the time and the cost of the design development. Target interface requirements with the subcritical assembly were defined based on performance parameters and material damage issues to enhance the lifetime of the target structure. Different structural materials were considered to define the most promising candidate based on the current database including radiation effects. C1 [Gohar, Yousry] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gohar, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 285 EP 294 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800038 ER PT B AU Yang, WS AF Yang, Won Sik BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ACCELERATOR TRANSMUTATION OF WASTE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB This paper briefly discusses the design objectives of accelerator transmutation of waste systems and important design parameters and constraints to be considered. C1 [Yang, Won Sik] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800039 ER PT B AU Garnett, RW Sheffield, RL AF Garnett, Robert W. Sheffield, Richard L. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI LINAC FOR ADS APPLICATION - ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB Significant high-current, high-intensity accelerator research and development have been done in the recent past in the US, centered primarily at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These efforts have included designs for the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project (APT), Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW), and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS), as well as many others. A 6.7-MeV, 100-mA, CW proton demonstration accelerator was operated successfully as a proof-of-principle for the APT Project that also showed promise as the front-end of a GWth-class ADS driver. This past work and some specific design principles that were developed to optimize linac designs for ADS and other high-intensity applications will be discussed briefly. C1 [Garnett, Robert W.; Sheffield, Richard L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Accelerator Operat & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garnett, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Accelerator Operat & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract W-7405-ENG-36. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800042 ER PT B AU Delayen, J Gohar, Y Raja, R Stanculescu, A AF Delayen, J. Gohar, Y. Raja, R. Stanculescu, A. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SRF LINACS AND ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SUB-CRITICAL SYSTEMS SUMMARY WORKING GROUPS 3 & 4 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The summary of working groups WG3 and WG4 SRF linacs and Accelerator driven subcritical systems (ADS) is given here. C1 [Delayen, J.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Delayen, J.] TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Gohar, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Raja, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Stanculescu, A.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Delayen, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800043 ER PT B AU Harvey, J Nolen, JA Kroc, T Gomes, I Horwitz, EP Mcalister, DR AF Harvey, James Nolen, Jerry A. Kroc, Thomas Gomes, Itacil Horwitz, E. Philip Mcalister, Daniel R. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI PRODUCTION OF ACTINIUM-225 VIA HIGH ENERGY PROTON INDUCED SPALLATION OF THORIUM-232 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The science of cancer research is currently expanding its use of alpha particle emitting radioisotopes. Coupled with the discovery and proliferation of molecular species that seek out and attach to tumors, new therapy and diagnostics are being developed to enhance the treatment of cancer and other diseases. This latest technology is commonly referred to as Alpha Immunotherapy (AIT). Actinium-225/Bismuth-213 is a parent/daughter alpha-emitting radioisotope pair that is highly sought after because of the potential for treating numerous diseases and its ability to be chemically compatible with many known and widely used carrier molecules (such as monoclonal antibodies and proteins/peptides). The object of this effort is to refine the simulations for producing actinium-225 at proton beam energies of 400 MeV and above up to about 8 GeV. Once completed, the simulations will be experimentally verified using 400 MeV and 8 GeV protons available at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Targets will be processed at Argonne National Laboratory to separate and purify the actinium-225 that will subsequently be transferred to NorthStar laboratory facilities for product quality testing and comparison to the product quality of ORNL produced actinium-225, which is currently the industry standard. The test irradiations at FNAL will produce 1-20 mCi per day which is more than sufficient for quantitative evaluation of the proposed production process. C1 [Harvey, James] NorthStar Med Radioisotopes LLC, Madison, WI 53718 USA. [Nolen, Jerry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kroc, Thomas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gomes, Itacil] IC Gomes Consulting, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. [Horwitz, E. Philip; Mcalister, Daniel R.] PG Res Fdn, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Harvey, J (reprint author), NorthStar Med Radioisotopes LLC, Madison, WI 53718 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-07CH11359]; DOE Office of Science FX Argonne National Laboratory work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-ACO2-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy.; New effort to be funded by DOE Office of Science NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800044 ER PT B AU Holt, RJ Lu, ZT Mueller, P AF Holt, Roy J. Lu, Zheng-Tian Mueller, Peter BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SEARCH FOR THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT OF RADIUM-225 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The nuclear Schiff moment and its resulting atomic electric dipole moment (EDM) are signatures of time-reversal and parity violation. They represent an important window onto physics beyond the Standard Model. We are developing a next generation experiment to search for the Schiff moment and EDM of Ra-225 (t(1/2) = 15 d) based on laser-cooled and trapped radium atoms. Due to octupole deformation of the nucleus, Ra-225 is predicted to be 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive to T-violating interactions than Hg-199 (stable), which currently sets the most stringent limits in the nuclear sector. At present, Ra-225 samples at the level of a few mCi (similar to 10(14) atoms) are available from the decay of the long-lived Th-229 in stock. A future ISOL facility driven by a high-intensity accelerator could deliver 4-5 orders of magnitude more Ra-225. It holds the potential to further improve the EDM search sensitivity. C1 [Holt, Roy J.; Lu, Zheng-Tian; Mueller, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800045 ER PT B AU Nolen, J Pitcher, E Kirk, H AF Nolen, J. Pitcher, E. Kirk, H. BE Raja, R Mishra, S TI SRF LINAC AND MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE - SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP 5 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of High Intensity Proton Accelerators CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Fermilab, Chicago, IL SP Fermilab, Us Dept Energy, Fermi Res Alliance LLC, World Sci HO Fermilab AB The summary of working group WG15 exploring topics in material science and medicine enabled by SRF technology is given here. C1 [Nolen, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pitcher, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kirk, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nolen, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4317-28-3 PY 2010 BP 331 EP 333 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9YE UT WOS:000394190800046 ER PT J AU Ryan, EM Tartakovsky, AM Amon, C AF Ryan, Emily M. Tartakovsky, Alexandre M. Amon, Cristina BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI INVESTIGATING THE ACCURACY OF A DARCY SCALE MODEL OF COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION IN A POROUS MEDIUM THROUGH SPH PORE SCALE MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE numerical methods; smoothed particle hydrodynamics; reactive transport; porous medium ID TRANSPORT AB In this paper we investigate the accuracy of a Darcy-scale model for competitive adsorption in a porous medium through comparison with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) pore-scale model. SPH is a Lagrangian, particle based modeling method which uses the particles as interpolation points to directly discretize the governing equations of the system. The models consider a binary system of competitively adsorbing species traveling through a porous medium due to advection and diffusion. The effects of Damkohler number and porous microstructure on the accuracy of the Darcy-scale model when compared to the pore-scale model are investigated. The comparison of the Darcy-scale model and the pore-scale model shows that the Darcy model overestimates the mass of a plume moving through the domain for all Damkohler numbers investigated and is not able to accurately predict the masses of both surface species in a reactive system. C1 [Ryan, Emily M.; Tartakovsky, Alexandre M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ryan, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM emily.ryan@pnl.gov; alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov; dean@ecf.utoronto.ca NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 858 EP 865 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600095 ER PT B AU Vesselinov, VV Harp, DR Birdsell, K Broxton, D Katzman, D AF Vesselinov, Velimir V. Harp, Dylan R. Birdsell, Kay Broxton, David Katzman, Danny BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI DECISION SUPPORT BASED ON UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF MODEL PREDICTIONS OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE decision support; uncertainty analysis; inverse analysis; model predictions; source identification; monitoring network design; optimization; constrained calibration AB The process of decision making to protect groundwater resources requires a detailed estimation of uncertainties in model predictions. Various uncertainties associated with model development, such as measurement and computational errors, uncertainties in the conceptual model and model-parameter estimates, simplifications in model setup and numerical representation of governing processes, influence the uncertainties in the model predictions. As a result, the predictive uncertainties are generally difficult to quantify. Quite frequently however, the uncertainties in only some of the model parameters and predictions are important to consider in the decision making process. We investigate and compare existing and newly-proposed methods for the quantification of predictive uncertainties in relation to decision support. The goal is to quantify predictive uncertainties affecting decision making related to locating new monitoring wells. C1 [Vesselinov, Velimir V.; Harp, Dylan R.; Birdsell, Kay; Broxton, David; Katzman, Danny] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vesselinov, VV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vvv@lanl.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 921 EP 929 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600102 ER PT S AU Constantinescu, EM Sandu, A AF Constantinescu, Emil M. Sandu, Adrian BE Fitt, AD Norbury, J Ockendon, H Wilson, RE TI On Extrapolated Multirate Methods SO PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL MATHEMATICS AT ECMI 2008 SE Mathematics in Industry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Mathematics for Industry CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Univ Coll London, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Coll London ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS AB In this paper we construct extrapolated multirate discretization methods that allow to efficiently solve problems that have components with different dynamics. This approach is suited for the time integration of multiscale ordinary and partial differential equations and provides highly accurate discretizations. We analyze the linear stability properties of the extrapolated multirate explicit and linearly implicit methods. Numerical results with multiscale ODEs illustrate the theoretical findings. C1 [Constantinescu, Emil M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sandu, Adrian] Virgina Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Constantinescu, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM emconsta@mcs.anl.gov; asandu@cs.vt.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3956 BN 978-3-642-12109-8 J9 MATH INDUST PY 2010 VL 15 BP 341 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12110-4_52 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BUR79 UT WOS:000290182200052 ER PT S AU Arevalo, C Kulkarni, Y Ariza, MP Ortiz, M Knap, J Marian, J AF Arevalo, C. Kulkarni, Y. Ariza, M. P. Ortiz, M. Knap, J. Marian, J. BE Fitt, AD Norbury, J Ockendon, H Wilson, RE TI Quasicontinuum Method at Finite Temperature Applied to the Study of Nanovoids Evolution in Fcc Crystals SO PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL MATHEMATICS AT ECMI 2008 SE Mathematics in Industry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Mathematics for Industry CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Univ Coll London, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Coll London ID ALUMINUM AB Breaking tensile test of ductile materials starts with the formation, in the test material central area, of a choking followed by the nucleation of several cavities at nanoscopic scale. Nanovoids growth and coalescence give rise to a crack which propagates towards the surface in the perpendicular direction to the applied charge. This work is focused in the study of the evolution of these nanovoids for face centered cubic (fcc) crystals. The Quasicontinuum (QC) method at finite temperature has been performed to carry out such an analysis. C1 [Arevalo, C.; Ariza, M. P.] Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Seville, Spain. [Kulkarni, Y.] Univ California, San Diego, CA USA. [Ortiz, M.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knap, J.; Marian, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Arevalo, C (reprint author), Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Seville, Spain. EM carevalo@us.es; ykulkarni@uh.edu; mpariza@us.es; ortiz@aero.caltech.edu RI Ariza, Pilar/F-2373-2010 OI Ariza, Pilar/0000-0003-0266-0216 FU Consejeria de Innovacion [P06-TEP-010514]; Ciencia y Empresa; Junta de Andalucia, Spain FX This work has been performed under funding of project P06-TEP-010514 given by Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucia, Spain. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3956 BN 978-3-642-12109-8 J9 MATH INDUST PY 2010 VL 15 BP 709 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12110-4_114 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BUR79 UT WOS:000290182200114 ER PT S AU Romero, LA Dickey, FM AF Romero, Louis A. Dickey, Fred M. BE Wolf, E TI The Mathematical Theory of Laser Beam-Splitting Gratings SO PROGRESS IN OPTICS, VOL 54 SE Progress in Optics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PHASE GRATINGS; ARRAY GENERATION; DAMMANN-GRATINGS; BINARY-PHASE; DESIGN; ELEMENTS; EFFICIENCY C1 [Romero, Louis A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl & Computat Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dickey, Fred M.] FMD Consulting LLC, Springfield, MO USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl & Computat Math Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6638 BN 978-0-444-53528-3 J9 PROG OPTICS JI Prog. Opt. PY 2010 VL 54 BP 319 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0079-6638(10)05411-9 PG 68 WC Optics SC Optics GA BOP47 UT WOS:000277225300006 ER PT J AU Pethick, CJ Chamel, N Reddy, S AF Pethick, C. J. Chamel, N. Reddy, Sanjay TI Superfluid Dynamics in Neutron Star Crusts SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on New Frontiers in QCD 2010 CY JAN 18-MAR 19, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID EFFECTIVE-MASS AB A simple description of superfluid hydrodynamics in the inner crust of a neutron star is given. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the lattice of nuclei on the properties of the superfluid neutrons, and the effects of entrainment, the fact that some fraction of the neutrons are locked to the motion of the protons in nuclei. C1 [Pethick, C. J.] Niels Bohr Inst, Niels Bohr Int Acad, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Pethick, C. J.] NORDITA, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Chamel, N.] Univ Libre Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Reddy, Sanjay] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pethick, CJ (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, Niels Bohr Int Acad, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 186 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 GA 700IH UT WOS:000285731300003 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Behringer, RP Goldhirsch, I AF Zhang, Jie Behringer, Robert P. Goldhirsch, Isaac TI Coarse-Graining of a Physical Granular System SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID STRESS TENSOR; STRAIN; FLOWS; MODEL AB Results, including displacement, strain and stress fields, obtained by applying a resolution-controlled coarse-graining method to an experiment, comprised of a bidisperse system of photoelastic disks under pure shear, are presented. The paper reviews the experimental methods as well as the philosophical and technical bases of the coarse-graining methods employed in this study. Some fields reveal the emergence of a shear band while others do not. Correlations of the displacement fluctuations are shown to decay on a very small scale, of the order of a few particle diameters, even close to jamming. An unexpectedly simple relation between the particle rotation angles and the rotation field is reported. Implications of these and other findings are discussed. C1 [Zhang, Jie; Behringer, Robert P.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Goldhirsch, Isaac] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Jie/O-2127-2015 FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2004391]; Israel Science Foundation [412/08]; US National Science Foundation [DMR0555431, DMR090698] FX IG and RPB gratefully acknowledge partial support from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, grant no. 2004391. IG gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Israel Science Foundation, grant no. 412/08. RPB gratefully acknowledges additional support from the US National Science Foundation through grants DMR0555431 and DMR090698. Discussions with Jens Boberski, Chay Goldenberg, Joe Goddard, Hans Herrmann, Niels Kruyt, Stefan Luding, Thorsten Poschel, Ioannis Vardoulakis and Dietrich Wolf are gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 184 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 GA 635KX UT WOS:000280655200002 ER PT J AU Gubler, P Jido, D Kojo, T Nishikawa, T Oka, M AF Gubler, Philipp Jido, Daisuke Kojo, Toru Nishikawa, Tetsuo Oka, Makoto TI Possible Quantum Numbers of Theta(+)(1540) in QCD Sum Rules SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on New Frontiers in QCD 2010 CY JAN 18-MAR 19, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID RESONANCE PHYSICS AB Using the QCD sum rule method, various pentaquark states with strangeness S = +1 are investigated. In order to find a region in the Borel mass, where the the operator product expansion (OPE) is thought to converge and the sum rule is dominated by the resonance pole, we calculate the OPE up to dimension 14 and employ the difference of two independent correlators to construct the sum rules, by which the constributions of the higher-energy continuum states are strongly suppressed. As a result of this investigation, we find stable Borel mass curves for the quantum numbers I J(pi) = 01/2(-),11/2(-),13/2(+), suggesting the existence of resonance poles in these channels. As the width of the J(pi) = 1/2(-) states is likely to be very broad, and Theta(+)(1540) is thought to be an isosinglet state, we conclude that the most probable candidate for Theta(+)(1540) is the state with quantum numbers I J(pi) = 03/2(+). C1 [Gubler, Philipp; Oka, Makoto] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Jido, Daisuke] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kojo, Toru] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nishikawa, Tetsuo] Ryotokuji Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Urayasu 2798567, Japan. RP Gubler, P (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, H-27, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM phil@th.phys.titech.ac.jp RI Gubler, Philipp/E-3094-2015 OI Gubler, Philipp/0000-0002-0991-8462 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 186 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 GA 700IH UT WOS:000285731300029 ER PT J AU Speck, T AF Speck, Thomas TI Driven Soft Matter: Entropy Production and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY-STATE; FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; SMALL SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUALITY; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; PHYSICS; WORK AB Entropy and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem are at the heart of statistical mechanics near equilibrium. Driving a system beyond the linear response regime leads to (i) the breakdown of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and (ii) a nonzero entropy production rate. We show how both phenomena are related using the general framework of stochastic thermodynamics suitable for soft matter systems governed by stochastic dynamics and driven through nonconservative forces or external flows. In particular, the excess of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a nonequilibrium steady state compared to equilibrium is related to total entropy production. Alternative recent derivations of generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorems are sketched and related to each other. The theory is illustrated for two systems: a driven single colloidal particle and systems driven through simple shear flow. C1 [Speck, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speck, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Speck, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Speck, Thomas/F-2624-2012; Physics, Komet/C-9533-2016 OI Speck, Thomas/0000-0002-6357-1180; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation; Helios Solar Energy Research Center, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The presented work is rooted in my Ph.D. thesis53) and continued in collaboration with Udo Seifert. Part of this work has been presented at the workshop 'Frontiers in Nonequilibrium Physics: Fundamental Theory, Glassy & Granular Materials, and Computational Physics' as part of the Yukawa International Seminars (YKIS) in 2009. I would like to thank the organizers, in particular Hisao Hayakawa and Shin-ichi Sasa. I am deeply grateful to Valentin Blickle and Clemens Bechinger for fruitful experimental collaborations, and Jakob Mehl for illuminating discussions on the role of external flow. I thank David Limmer for a critical reading of the manuscript. Finally, I acknowledge financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation as well as the Helios Solar Energy Research Center which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 184 BP 248 EP 261 PG 14 GA 635KX UT WOS:000280655200019 ER PT J AU Jorg, T Krzakala, F Kurchan, J Maggs, AC AF Joerg, Thomas Krzakala, Florent Kurchan, Jorge Maggs, Andrew Colin TI Quantum Annealing of Hard Problems SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS MODEL; TRANSVERSE FIELD; TRANSITION; MAGNET; STATES AB Quantum annealing is analogous to simulated annealing with a tunneling mechanism substituting for thermal activation. Its performance has been tested in numerical simulation with mixed conclusions. There is a class of optimization problems for which the efficiency can be studied analytically using techniques based on the statistical mechanics of spin glasses. C1 [Joerg, Thomas] CNRS, LPTENS, F-75005 Paris, France. [Joerg, Thomas] ENS, UMR 8549, F-75005 Paris, France. [Krzakala, Florent; Maggs, Andrew Colin] ESPCI, CNRS, PCT, F-75005 Paris, France. [Krzakala, Florent] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krzakala, Florent] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kurchan, Jorge] ESPCI, CNRS, PMMH, UMR 7636, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Jorg, T (reprint author), CNRS, LPTENS, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France. RI Krzakala, Florent/D-8846-2012 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 184 BP 290 EP 303 PG 14 GA 635KX UT WOS:000280655200022 ER PT J AU Isobe, M Alder, BJ AF Isobe, Masaharu Alder, Berni J. TI Study of Transient Nuclei near Freezing SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE FLUID; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS; 2 DIMENSIONS; VISCOSITY; TAIL AB The molasses tail in dense hard core fluids is investigated by extensive event-driven molecular dynamics simulation through the orientational autocorrelation functions. Near the fluid-solid phase transition, there exist three regimes in the relaxation of the pair orientational autocorrelation function, namely the kinetic, molasses (stretched exponential), and diffusional power decay. The density dependence of both the molasses and diffusional power regimes are evaluated and the latter compares with theoretical predictions in three dimensions. The largest cluster at the freezing density of only a few sphere diameter in size persist for only about 30 picoseconds (similar to 2.8 x 10(-11)[s]). The most striking observation through the bond orientatinal order parameter is the dramatic increase of the cluster size as the freezing density is approached. C1 [Isobe, Masaharu] Nagoya Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4668555, Japan. [Alder, Berni J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Isobe, M (reprint author), Nagoya Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4668555, Japan. RI Isobe, Masaharu/B-1707-2010 OI Isobe, Masaharu/0000-0003-4370-5564 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [19740236] FX We would like to thank Professor A. J. C. Ladd for helpful comments. We also wish to thank Professors H. Mori, H. van Beijeren, W. G. Hoover, D. Frenkel, N. Ito and J. Wakou for valuable discussions. This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology No. 19740236. Part of the computations for this study was performed using the facilities of the Supercomputer Center, Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, and Research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 184 BP 439 EP 450 PG 12 GA 635KX UT WOS:000280655200034 ER PT J AU Karsch, F AF Karsch, Frithjof TI O(N) Universality and the Chiral Phase Transition in QCD SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on NFQCD CY JAN 18-MAR 19, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID 2-FLAVOR QCD; LATTICE; MODEL AB We discuss universal scaling properties of (2+1)-flavor QCD in the vicinity of the chiral phase transition at vanishing as well as non-vanishing light quark chemical potential (mu(l)). We provide evidence for O(N) scaling of the chiral order parameter in (2+1)-flavor QCD and show that the scaling analysis of its derivative with respect to the light quark chemical potential provides a unique approach to the determination of the curvature of the chiral phase transition line in the vicinity of mu(l)//T = 0. C1 [Karsch, Frithjof] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Karsch, Frithjof] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Karsch, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2010 IS 186 BP 479 EP 484 PG 6 GA 700IH UT WOS:000285731300069 ER PT J AU Sigdel, TK Kaushal, A Gritsenko, M Norbeck, AD Qian, WJ Xiao, WZ Camp, DG Smith, RD Sarwal, MM AF Sigdel, Tara K. Kaushal, Amit Gritsenko, Marina Norbeck, Angela D. Qian, Wei-Jun Xiao, Wenzhong Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Sarwal, Minnie M. TI Shotgun proteomics identifies proteins specific for acute renal transplant rejection SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Acute rejection; Biomarkers; ELISA; Renal transplantation; Urinary proteomics ID TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN; SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMICS; EPITHELIUM-DERIVED FACTOR; HUMAN URINE PROTEOME; CLASS-II ANTIBODIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GRAFT-SURVIVAL; KIDNEY AB Purpose: Acute rejection (AR) remains the primary risk factor for renal transplant outcome; development of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for AR is an unmet need. Experimental design: We used shotgun proteomics applying LC-MS/MS and ELISA to analyze a set of 92 urine samples, from patients with AR, stable grafts (STA), proteinuria (NS), and healthy controls. Results: A total of 1446 urinary proteins (UP) were identified along with a number of nonspecific proteinuria-specific, renal transplantation specific and AR-specific proteins. Relative abundance of identified UP was measured by protein-level spectral counts adopting a weighted fold-change statistic, assigning increased weight for more frequently observed proteins. We have identified alterations in a number of specific UP in AR, primarily relating to MHC antigens, the complement cascade and extra-cellular matrix proteins. A subset of proteins (uromodulin, SERPINF1 and CD44), have been further cross-validated by ELISA in an independent set of urine samples, for significant differences in the abundance of these UP in AR. Conclusions and clinical relevance: This label-free, semi-quantitative approach for sampling the urinary proteome in normal and disease states provides a robust and sensitive method for detection of UP for serial, non-invasive clinical monitoring for graft rejection after kidney transplantation. C1 [Sigdel, Tara K.; Sarwal, Minnie M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [Kaushal, Amit; Xiao, Wenzhong] Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [Gritsenko, Marina; Norbeck, Angela D.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sarwal, MM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, G306,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. EM msarwal@stanford.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; xiao, wenzhong/0000-0003-4944-6380 FU NIH [RR018522]; Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors thank the NIH (grant RR018522 to R. D. S.) for support of portions of this research and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) for use, of the instrumentation applied in this research. EMSL is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national scientific user facility located at PNNL in Richland, Washington. PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The authors thank Dr. Atul Butte, Dr. Li Li, Dr. Rong Chen, Dr. Purvesh Khatri, Szu-chuan Hsieh, Amery Chen, Mary Hansen, and the other members of the Sarwal Lab for their help in the manuscript preparation and Dr. Frank Golich for critically reading the manuscript. NR 52 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 32 EP 47 DI 10.1002/prca.200900124 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552CQ UT WOS:000274264900004 PM 20543976 ER PT J AU Springer, TE Kienitz, B AF Springer, Thomas E. Kienitz, Brian BE Li, H Knights, S Shi, Z VanZee, JW Zhang, J TI Membrane Contamination Modeling SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS: CONTAMINATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES SE Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; PERFLUOROSULFONATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; ALKALI-METAL CATIONS; TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; WATER TRANSPORT; AMMONIA; IMPURITY C1 [Springer, Thomas E.; Kienitz, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Springer, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0679-1 J9 GREEN CHEM CHEM ENG PY 2010 BP 293 EP 338 PG 46 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTA42 UT WOS:000286197100010 ER PT S AU Stephan, EG Halter, TD Ermold, BD AF Stephan, Eric G. Halter, Todd D. Ermold, Brian D. BE McGuinness, DL Michaelis, JR Moreau, L TI Leveraging the Open Provenance Model as a Multi-tier Model for Global Climate Research SO PROVENANCE AND ANNOTATION OF DATA AND PROCESSES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Provenance and Annotation Workshop CY JUN 15-16, 2010 CL Troy, NY SP Microsoft Corp, Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Springer, STI Innsbruck DE Provenance; Climate AB Global climate researchers rely upon many forms of sensor data and analytical methods to help profile subtle changes in climate conditions. The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program provides researchers with a collection of curated Value Added Products (VAPs) resulting from continuous sensor data streams, data fusion, and modeling. We are leveraging the Open Provenance Model as a foundational construct that serves the needs of both the YAP producers and consumers. We are organizing the provenance in different tiers of granularity to model VAP lineage, causality at the component level within a VAP, and the causality for each time step as samples are being assembled within the VAP. This paper shares our implementation strategy and how the ARM operations staff and the climate research community can greatly benefit from this approach to more effectively assess and quantify YAP provenance. C1 [Stephan, Eric G.; Halter, Todd D.; Ermold, Brian D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stephan, EG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eric.Stephan@pnl.gov; Todd.Halter@pnl.gov; Brian.Ermold@pnl.gov OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17818-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6378 BP 34 EP 41 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUR94 UT WOS:000290189900005 ER PT S AU Stephan, E Halter, T Critchlow, T da Silva, PP Salayandia, L AF Stephan, Eric Halter, Todd Critchlow, Terence da Silva, Paulo Pinheiro Salayandia, Leonardo BE McGuinness, DL Michaelis, JR Moreau, L TI Using Domain Requirements to Achieve Science-Oriented Provenance SO PROVENANCE AND ANNOTATION OF DATA AND PROCESSES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Provenance and Annotation Workshop CY JUN 15-16, 2010 CL Troy, NY SP Microsoft Corp, Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Springer, STI Innsbruck AB The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) is adopting the use of formalized provenance to support observational data products produced by ARM operations and relied upon by researchers. Because of the diversity of needs in the climate community provenance will need to be conveyed in a domain-oriented context. This paper explores a use case where semantic abstract workflows (SAW) are employed as a means to filter, aggregate, and contextually describe the historical events responsible for the ARM data product the scientist is relying upon. C1 [Stephan, Eric; Halter, Todd; Critchlow, Terence] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [da Silva, Paulo Pinheiro; Salayandia, Leonardo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX USA. RP Stephan, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17818-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6378 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUR94 UT WOS:000290189900040 ER PT J AU Matzen, LE Federmeier, KD AF Matzen, Laura E. Federmeier, Kara D. TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONCEPTUAL PRIMING AND RECOLLECTION TO THE DM EFFECT SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual Meeting Portland Marriott Downtown Waterfront CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Psychophysiolog C1 [Matzen, Laura E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Federmeier, Kara D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PY 2010 VL 47 SU 1 BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 635NI UT WOS:000280662000204 ER PT J AU Macquart, JP Bailes, M Bhat, NDR Bower, GC Bunton, JD Chatterjee, S Colegate, T Cordes, JM D'Addario, L Deller, A Dodson, R Fender, R Haines, K Hall, P Harris, C Hotan, A Johnston, S Jones, DL Keith, M Koay, JY Lazio, TJW Majid, W Murphy, T Navarro, R Phillips, C Quinn, P Preston, RA Stansby, B Stairs, I Stappers, B Staveley-Smith, L Tingay, S Thompson, D van Straten, W Wagstaff, K Warren, M Wayth, R Wen, L AF Macquart, Jean-Pierre Bailes, M. Bhat, N. D. R. Bower, G. C. Bunton, J. D. Chatterjee, S. Colegate, T. Cordes, J. M. D'Addario, L. Deller, A. Dodson, R. Fender, R. Haines, K. Hall, P. Harris, C. Hotan, A. Johnston, S. Jones, D. L. Keith, M. Koay, J. Y. Lazio, T. J. W. Majid, W. Murphy, T. Navarro, R. Phillips, C. Quinn, P. Preston, R. A. Stansby, B. Stairs, I. Stappers, B. Staveley-Smith, L. Tingay, S. Thompson, D. van Straten, W. Wagstaff, K. Warren, M. Wayth, R. Wen, L. CA CRAFT Collaboration TI The Commensal Real-Time ASKAP Fast-Transients (CRAFT) Survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE gravitational waves; ISM: structure; scattering; surveys; techniques: radar astronomy ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GIANT PULSES; RADIO-BURSTS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; NEUTRON-STARS; BARYONS; INTERMITTENCY; TURBULENCE; SKY AB We are developing a purely commensal survey experiment for fast (<5 s) transient radio sources. Short-timescale transients are associated with the most energetic and brightest single events in the Universe. Our objective is to cover the enormous volume of transients parameter space made available by ASKAP, with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and field of view. Fast timescale transients open new vistas on the physics of high brightness temperature emission, extreme states of matter and the physics of strong gravitational fields. In addition, the detection of extragalactic objects affords us an entirely new and extremely sensitive probe on the huge reservoir of baryons present in the IGM. We outline here our approach to the considerable challenge involved in detecting fast transients, particularly the development of hardware fast enough to dedisperse and search the ASKAP data stream at or near real-time rates. Through CRAFT, ASKAP will provide the testbed of many of the key technologies and survey modes proposed for high time resolution science with the SKA. C1 [Macquart, Jean-Pierre; Colegate, T.; Hall, P.; Hotan, A.; Koay, J. Y.; Stansby, B.; Tingay, S.; Wayth, R.] ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Bailes, M.; van Straten, W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bunton, J. D.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Phillips, C.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Murphy, T.] Univ Sydney, SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [D'Addario, L.; Jones, D. L.; Majid, W.; Navarro, R.; Preston, R. A.; Thompson, D.; Wagstaff, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Deller, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Dodson, R.; Haines, K.; Harris, C.; Quinn, P.; Staveley-Smith, L.; Wen, L.] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Fender, R.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Fender, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lazio, T. J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stairs, I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Warren, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret Astrophys, Los Alamos, NM 87543 USA. RP Macquart, JP (reprint author), ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM j.macquart@curtin.edu.au RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; Colegate, Tim/B-5286-2013; Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Hall, Peter/B-8784-2013; Koay, Jun Yi /E-4952-2015; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Koay, Jun Yi /0000-0002-7029-6658; Harris, Christopher/0000-0001-5237-2250; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Murphy, Tara/0000-0002-2686-438X; Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837; van Straten, Willem/0000-0003-2519-7375 FU National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration FX This work was partly done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1071/AS09082 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 649TV UT WOS:000281797700007 ER PT J AU Wendelberger, JR AF Wendelberger, Joanne R. TI Uncertainty in Designed Experiments SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; propagation of error; tolerance intervals; transmitted variation; uncertainty; variability; variances AB Statistical experiment design can be used to efficiently select experimental runs to achieve a given experimental purpose. However, uncertainty is a fact of life in experimentation. The experimenter is faced with uncertainty in inputs, uncertainty in outputs from both random variability and uncertainty in measurement processes, as well as uncertainty about the underlying model structure of the phenomenon under investigation. In the face of all this uncertainty, the experimenter must try to collect and analyze data that will address questions of scientific interest. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wendelberger, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Mailstop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joanne@lanl.gov OI Wendelberger, Joanne/0000-0001-5879-3945 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1080/08982110903510420 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V20UY UT WOS:000208166100005 ER PT S AU Pooser, RC Marino, AM Boyer, V Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Pooser, R. C. Marino, A. M. Boyer, V. Jones, K. M. Lett, P. D. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Low-Noise Amplification of a Continuous-Variable Quantum State SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VIII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Quantum cloning; low-noise amplifier; phase-insensitive amplification; quantum entanglement ID PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION; CLONING; COMMUNICATION; AMPLIFIERS; REDUCTION; CRITERION; SYSTEMS AB We present an experimental realization of a low-noise, phase-insensitive optical amplifier using a four-wave mixing interaction in hot Rb vapor. Performance near the quantum limit for a range of amplifier gains, including near unity, can be achieved. Such low-noise amplifiers are essential for so-called quantum cloning machines and are useful in quantum information networks and protocols. We demonstrate that amplification and "cloning'' of one half of a two-mode squeezed state is possible while preserving entanglement. The inseparability criterion between the two original modes remains satisfied for small to large gains, while the EPR criterion is satisfied for a smaller range. This amplification of quantum correlations paves the way for optimal cloning of a bipartite entangled state. C1 [Pooser, R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pooser, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8166-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7702 AR 77020O DI 10.1117/12.851881 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSO06 UT WOS:000285050700020 ER PT S AU Berman, GP Chernobrod, BM AF Berman, Gennady P. Chernobrod, Boris M. BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI SINGLE-SPIN MICROSCOPE WITH SUB-NANOSCALE RESOLUTION BASED ON OPTICALLY DETECTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID ELECTRONIC SPIN; DIAMOND; NUCLEAR AB Recently we proposed a new approach which potentially has single spin sensitivity, sub-nanometer spatial resolution, and ability to operate at room temperature (J. Appl. Phys. 97, 014903 (2005); U. S. Patent No. 7,305,869, 2007). In our approach a nanoscale photoluminescent center exhibits optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in the vicinity of magnetic moment in the sample related with unpaired individual electron or nuclear spins, or ensemble of spins. We consider as a sensor material that exhibit ODMR properties nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond. N-V centers in diamond has serious advantage having extraordinary chemical and photostability, very long spin lifetimes, and ability single-spin detection at room temperature. The variety of possible scanning schemes has been considered. The potential application to 3D imaging of biological structure has been analyzed. C1 [Berman, Gennady P.; Chernobrod, Boris M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 76080Y DI 10.1117/12.845055 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000030 ER PT S AU Klem, JF Kim, JK Cich, MJ Hawkins, SD Fortune, TR Rienstra, JL AF Klem, J. F. Kim, J. K. Cich, M. J. Hawkins, S. D. Fortune, T. R. Rienstra, J. L. BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Comparison of nBn and nBp mid-wave barrier infrared photodetectors SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE infrared photodetector; InAsSb; AlAsSb; mid-wave; focal plane array ID QUANTUM-WELLS; BAND; INASSB AB We have fabricated mid-wave infrared photodetectors containing InAsSb absorber regions and AlAsSb barriers in n-barrier-n (nBn) and n-barrier-p (nBp) configurations, and characterized them by current-voltage, photocurrent, and capacitance-voltage measurements in the 100-200 K temperature range. Efficient collection of photocurrent in the nBn structure requires application of a small reverse bias resulting in a minimum dark current, while the nBp devices have high responsivity at zero bias. When biasing both types of devices for equal dark currents, the nBn structure exhibits a differential resistance significantly higher than the nBp, although the nBp device may be biased for arbitrarily low dark current at the expense of much lower dynamic resistance. Capacitance-voltage measurements allow determination of the electron concentration in the unintentionally-doped absorber material, and demonstrate the existence of an electron accumulation layer at the absorber/barrier interface in the nBn device. Numerical simulations of idealized nBn devices demonstrate that photocurrent collection is possible under conditions of minimal absorber region depletion, thereby strongly suppressing depletion region Shockley-Read-Hall generation. C1 [Klem, J. F.; Kim, J. K.; Cich, M. J.; Hawkins, S. D.; Rienstra, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klem, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jklem@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 76081P DI 10.1117/12.842772 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000055 ER PT S AU Phillips, MC Taubman, MS Bernacki, BE Cannon, BD Schiffern, JT Myers, TL AF Phillips, Mark C. Taubman, Matthew S. Bernacki, Bruce E. Cannon, Bret D. Schiffern, John T. Myers, Tanya L. BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Design and performance of a sensor system for detection of multiple chemicals using an external cavity quantum cascade laser SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared spectroscopy; quantum cascade laser; tunable laser ID SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe the performance of a sensor system designed for simultaneous detection of multiple chemicals with both broad and narrow absorption features. The sensor system consists of a broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL), multi-pass Herriott cell, and custom low-noise electronics. The ECQCL features a fast wavelength tuning rate of 2265 cm(-1)/s (15660 nm/s) over the range of 1150-1270 cm(-1) (7.87-8.70 mu m), which permits detection of molecules with broad absorption features and dynamic concentrations, while the 0.2 cm(-1) spectral resolution of the ECQCL system allows measurement of small molecules with atmospherically broadened absorption lines. High-speed amplitude modulation and low-noise electronics are used to improve the ECQCL performance for direct absorption measurements. We demonstrate simultaneous detection of Freon-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), ammonia (NH(3)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) at low-ppb concentrations in field measurements of atmospheric chemical releases from a point source. C1 [Phillips, Mark C.; Taubman, Matthew S.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Cannon, Bret D.; Schiffern, John T.; Myers, Tanya L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 76080D DI 10.1117/12.842120 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000011 ER PT J AU Woolnough, SJ Blossey, PN Xu, KM Bechtold, P Chaboureau, JP Hosomi, T Iacobellis, SF Luo, Y Petch, JC Wong, RY Xie, S AF Woolnough, S. J. Blossey, P. N. Xu, K. -M. Bechtold, P. Chaboureau, J. -P. Hosomi, T. Iacobellis, S. F. Luo, Y. Petch, J. C. Wong, R. Y. Xie, S. TI Modelling convective processes during the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation: Comparing single-column models with cloud-resolving models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GCSS; tropical convection; model intercomparison; cloud-resolving modelling ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; CUMULUS ENSEMBLE MODEL; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TOGA-COARE; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB The role of convective processes in moistening the atmosphere during suppressed periods of the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation is investigated in cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations, and the impact of moistening on the subsequent evolution of convection is assessed as part of a Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study (GCSS) intercomparison project. The ability of single-column model (SCM) versions of a number of state-of-the-art climate and numerical weather prediction models to capture these convective processes is also evaluated. During the suppressed periods, the CRMs are found to simulate a maximum moistening around 3 km, which is associated with a predominance of shallow convection. All SCMs produce adequate amounts of shallow convection during the suppressed periods, comparable to that seen in CRMs, but the relatively drier SCMs have higher precipitation rates than the relatively wetter SCMs and CRMs. The relatively drier SCMs dry, rather than moisten, the lower troposphere below the melting level. During the transition periods, convective processes act to moisten the atmosphere above the level at which mean advection changes from moistening to drying, despite an overall drying effect for the column. The SCMs capture some essence of this moistening at upper levels. A gradual transition from shallow to deep convection is simulated by the CRMs and the wetter SCMs during the transition periods, but the onset of deep convection is delayed in the drier SCMs. This results in lower precipitation rates for these SCMs during the active periods, although much better agreement exists between the models at this time. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Blossey, P. N.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Woolnough, S. J.] Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, Berks, England. [Xu, K. -M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtold, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Chaboureau, J. -P.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Chaboureau, J. -P.] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Hosomi, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Iacobellis, S. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Luo, Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Petch, J. C.; Wong, R. Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Blossey, PN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pblossey@u.washington.edu RI LUO, Yong/I-6132-2013; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 FU NERC's National Centre for Atmospheric Science [R8/H12/38/001]; NOAA's [NA06OAR4310055, NA17RJ1231] FX SPAT was supported by NERC's National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Grant reference R8/H12/38/001. PNB was supported by grant NA06OAR4310055 from NOAA's CPPA program and thanks Marat Khairoutdinov for making SAM available to him. KMX and YL were supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program managed by Dr Don Anderson. SFI was supported by NOAA grant NA17RJ1231. NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 647 BP 333 EP 353 DI 10.1002/qj.568 PN B PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585EB UT WOS:000276806000005 ER PT J AU Okamura, M AF Okamura, Masahiro TI Direct plasma injection scheme with various ion beams SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Pulsed Plasma Laser Ablation (PPLA) CY JUN 18-20, 2009 CL Monte Pieta, Messina, ITALY SP Messina Univ, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Salento Univ Lecce, Bonino Pulejo Fdn Messina HO Monte Pieta DE plasma; injection scheme; acceleration AB The laser ion source is one of the most powerful heavy ion sources. However, it is difficult to obtain good stability and to control its intense current. To overcome these difficulties, we proposed a new beam injection scheme called odirect plasma injection schemeo. Following this it was established to provide various species with desired charge state as an intense accelerated beam. Carbon, aluminum and iron beams have been tested. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Okamura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM okamura@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2010 VL 165 IS 6-10 BP 451 EP 456 AR PII 926948999 DI 10.1080/10420151003718469 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 650MV UT WOS:000281854500008 ER PT J AU McKeever, SWS Blair, MW Yukihara, EG DeWitt, R AF McKeever, S. W. S. Blair, M. W. Yukihara, E. G. DeWitt, R. TI The effects of low ambient temperatures on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) processes: Relevance to OSL dating of martian sediments SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE Luminescence; Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL); Modeling; Dating; Mars ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; POLYMINERAL FINE GRAINS; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; SENSITIVITY CHANGES; JSC MARS-1; QUARTZ; FELDSPARS; SOIL; DEPENDENCE; DOSIMETRY AB Advances in luminescence dosimetry have made geochronological dating of materials from extreme environments possible through the use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) single-aliquot techniques. However, these environments present challenges not always encountered in routine OSL dating, such as sediments that have been stored at low, and possibly highly variable, ambient temperatures. In recent years OSL has been proposed as a method for dating recent depositional events on surfaces of other planets, specifically, Mars. As a result it has become necessary to examine the constraints that may be imposed on the OSL method by the extreme environments of extraterrestrial planetary bodies. In this paper we report on investigations of the possible effects a low storage and/or a low OSL measurement temperature could have on the OSL process and the subsequent results. Pertinent OSL properties include the stability of electron traps, the overall luminescence efficiency, and possible thermal assistance processes. The particular focus of the work is on the potential application of the OSL technique for dating surface sediments on Mars. We report the results of OSL experiments on martian simulant materials, and of generalized computer simulations of potential OSL behavior. It is concluded that the stimulation and irradiation/calibration temperatures need to be maintained fixed throughout the experiment - i.e. the dose estimation process - and that the temperature during OSL stimulation needs to be appreciably higher than the highest temperature experienced during natural irradiation. The consequences of these findings for establishing an OSL protocol and instrument package for dating martian regolith material are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McKeever, S. W. S.; Yukihara, E. G.; DeWitt, R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Blair, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKeever, SWS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, 145 PS 2, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM stephen.mckeever@okstate.edu RI Yukihara, Eduardo/F-1345-2014; OI Yukihara, Eduardo/0000-0002-4615-6698; DeWitt, Regina/0000-0003-2876-5489 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.11.037 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 572BL UT WOS:000275801300009 ER PT J AU Miller, G Justus, A Vostrotin, V Dry, D Bertelli, L AF Miller, Guthrie Justus, Alan Vostrotin, Vadim Dry, Donald Bertelli, Luiz TI POISSON MIXTURE MODEL FOR MEASUREMENTS USING COUNTING SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AB Starting with the basic Poisson statistical model of a counting measurement process, 'extraPoisson' variance or "overdispersion' are included by assuming that the Poisson parameter representing the mean number of counts itself comes from another distribution. The Poisson parameter is assumed to be given by the quantity if interest in the inference process multiplied by a lognormally distributed normalising coefficient plus an additional lognormal background that might he correlated with the normalising coeflicient (shared uncertainly). The example of lognormal environmental background in uranium urine data is discussed. An additional uncorrelated background is also included. The uncorrelated background is estimated from a background count measurement using Bayesian arguments. The rather complex formulas arc validated musing Monte Carlo. An analytical expression is obtained for the probability distribution of gross counts coming from the uncorrelated background, which allows straightforward calculation of a classical decision level in the form of a gross-count alarm point with a desired false-positive rate. The main purpose of this paper is to derive formulas for exact likelihood calculations in the case of various kinds of backgrounds. C1 [Miller, Guthrie; Justus, Alan; Dry, Donald; Bertelli, Luiz] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vostrotin, Vadim] So Urals Biophys Inst, Chelyabinsk, Russia. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guthrie@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory/US Department of Energy; Russian Federal Medico-Biologic Agency FX This work was funded in part by Los Alamos National Laboratory/US Department of Energy and the Russian Federal Medico-Biologic Agency. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncp268 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 586FW UT WOS:000276892500009 PM 19942624 ER PT J AU Zafar, F Seidler, SB Kronenberg, A Schild, D Wiese, C AF Zafar, Faria Seidler, Sara B. Kronenberg, Amy Schild, David Wiese, Claudia TI Homologous Recombination Contributes to the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by High-Energy Iron Ions SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; DIPLOID HUMAN-LYMPHOBLASTS; NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; HIGH-LET-IRRADIATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-CELLS; RAD51 PARALOGS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; AUTOSOMAL LOCUS AB To test the contribution of homologous recombinational repair (HRR) in repairing DNA damage sites induced by high-energy iron ions, we used (1) HRR-deficient rodent cells carrying a deletion in the RAD51D gene and (2) syngeneic human cells impaired for HRR by RAD51D or RAD51 knockdown using RNA interference. We found that in response to exposure to iron ions, HRR contributed to cell survival in rodent cells and that HRR deficiency abrogated RAD51 focus formation. Complementation of the HRR defect by human RAD51D rescues both enhanced cytotoxicity and RAD51 focus formation. For human cells irradiated with iron ions, cell survival was decreased, and in p53 mutant cells, the levels of mutagenesis were increased when HRR was impaired. Human cells synchronized in S phase exhibited a more pronounced resistance to iron ions compared with cells in G, phase, and this increase in radioresistance was diminished by RAD51 knockdown. These results indicate a role for RAD51-mediated DNA repair (i.e. HRR) in removing a fraction of clustered lesions induced by charged-particle radiation. Our results are the first to directly show the requirement for an intact HRR pathway in human cells in ensuring DNA repair and cell survival after exposure to high-energy high-LET radiation. (C) 2010 by Radiation Research Society C1 [Zafar, Faria; Seidler, Sara B.; Kronenberg, Amy; Schild, David; Wiese, Claudia] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wiese, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwiese@lbl.gov FU NASA [NNJ05H1361] FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNJ05H1361 (to CW). The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Peter Guida and his group for helpful discussions, guidance and support during beam times, Dr. Adam Rusek and the NSRL physics and dosimetry group for dosimetry and beam delivery, and Dr. Betsy Sutherland and her team for assistance. We thank Dr. E. Campeau for parental U2OS-T-REx cells, David W. Collins for help in generating U20S-T-REx-shRNA-rad51 cells, Dr. S. Yannone for XRCC4 antibody, Dr. L. H. Thompson for AA8 and 51D1 cells, and Dr. J. Campisi for HCA2-hTERT cells. We also Would like to thank Hector Nolla (UC Berkeley Flow Cytometry Facility) for his excellent support. NR 60 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 173 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1667/RR1910.1 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 541YA UT WOS:000273456200004 PM 20041757 ER PT J AU Wilson, PF Nagasawa, H Fitzek, MM Little, JB Bedford, JS AF Wilson, Paul F. Nagasawa, Hatsumi Fitzek, Markus M. Little, John B. Bedford, Joel S. TI G(2)-Phase Chromosomal Radiosensitivity of Primary Fibroblasts from Hereditary Retinoblastoma Family Members and Some Apparently Normal Controls SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; INDUCED CHROMATID BREAKS; LOW-PENETRANCE PREDISPOSITION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; DEFICIENT DNA-REPAIR; CANCER-PATIENTS; CELLULAR RADIOSENSITIVITY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; G(2) RADIOSENSITIVITY; RADIATION SENSITIVITY AB We previously described an enhanced sensitivity for cell killing and gamma-H2AX focus induction after both high-dose-rate and. continuous low-dose-rate gamma irradiation in 14 primary fibroblast strains derived from hereditary-type retinoblastoma family members (both affected RB1(+/-) probands and unaffected RB1(+/+) parents). Here we present G(2)-phase chromosomal radiosensitivity assay data for primary fibroblasts derived from these RB family members and five Coriell cell bank controls (four apparently normal individuals and one bilateral RB patient). The RB family members and two normal Coriell strains had significantly higher (similar to 1.5-fold, P < 0.05) chromatid-type aberration frequencies in the first postirradiation mitosis after doses of 50 cGy and 1 Gy of Cs-137 gamma radiation compared to the remaining Coriell strains. The induction of chromatid-type aberrations by high-dose-rate G(2)-phase gamma irradiation is significantly correlated to the proliferative ability of these cells exposed to continuous low-dose-rate gamma irradiation (reported in Wilson et al., Radiat. Res. 169, 483-494, 2008). Our results suggest that these moderately radiosensitive individuals may harbor hypomorphic genetic variants in genomic maintenance and/or DNA repair genes or may carry epigenetic changes involving genes that more broadly modulate such systems, including G(2)-phase-specific DNA damage responses. (C) 2010 by Radiation Research Society C1 [Wilson, Paul F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wilson, Paul F.; Nagasawa, Hatsumi; Bedford, Joel S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fitzek, Markus M.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Little, John B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Radiat Sci & Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wilson, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, POB 808,Mail Code L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wilson208@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Cancer Institute [T32-CA09236]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-01ER63235, DE-FG02-05ER64089, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Zane H. Story and Ms. Christy L. Warner for their valued technical assistance. This work was supported in part by grant T32-CA09236 (JSB) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Cancer Institute and grants DE-FG03-01ER63235 (JSB) and DE-FG02-05ER64089 (JBL) from the U.S. Department of Energy Low Dose Radiation Research Program. A portion of this work (PFW) was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 173 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1667/RR1943.1 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 541YA UT WOS:000273456200007 PM 20041760 ER PT J AU Buchholz, BA Zermeno, P Hwang, HM Young, TM Guilderson, TP AF Buchholz, Bruce A. Zermeno, Paula Hwang, Hyun-Min Young, Thomas M. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI MEASURING SUBMICRON-SIZE FRACTIONATED PARTICULATE MATTER ON ALUMINUM IMPACTOR DISKS SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Radiocarbon Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Big Isl, HI ID WINTER POLLUTION EPISODE; COMPOSITION DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; AMS; EMISSIONS; GRAPHITE; VEHICLES; AEROSOL; MASS AB Submicron-sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into 6 size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high-purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56-100, 100-180, 180-320, 320-560, 560-1000, and 1000-1800 nm. Since the MOUDI has a low flow rate (30 L/min), it takes several days to collect sufficient carbon on 47-mm foil disks. The small carbon mass (20-200 mu g C) and large aluminum substrate (similar to 25 mg Al) present several challenges to production of graphite targets for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis. The Al foil consumes large amounts of oxygen as it is heated and tends to melt into quartz combustion tubes, causing gas leaks. We describe sample processing techniques to reliably produce graphitic targets for (14)C AMS analysis of PM deposited on Al impact foils. C1 [Buchholz, Bruce A.; Zermeno, Paula; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hwang, Hyun-Min; Young, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Buchholz, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM buchholz2@llnl.gov RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011; Young, Thomas/A-4786-2008 OI Young, Thomas/0000-0001-7217-4753 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004699-24, P42 ES004699] NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 SI 1 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696JN UT WOS:000285437800011 PM 22228915 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, S Guilderson, T Buckley, B Cook, E AF Zimmerman, Susan Guilderson, Thomas Buckley, Brendan Cook, Edward TI EXTENSION OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON CURVE, 2120-850 YEARS BP: RESULTS FROM TASMANIAN HUON PINE SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Radiocarbon Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Big Isl, HI ID AD 1850-950; C-14; CALIBRATION; BC AB Decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated pine (Lagorostrobos franklinii) from the Stanley River basin, Tasmania, have been radiocarbon dated between 2120-850 yr BP. This data set overlaps and extends the current Southern Hemisphere record, which covers the period 110-995 yr BP. There is good agreement between the 2 records between 995 850 yr BP, between sample replicates and with consensus values for standards. As in the younger data set, we find evidence for a distinct but variable offset between the Southern Hemisphere data and IntCa104; although this is likely due to real temporal variability in the interhemispheric offset, further work is planned to rule out possible laboratory or sample preparation differences. C1 [Zimmerman, Susan; Guilderson, Thomas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 94064 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 94064 USA. [Buckley, Brendan; Cook, Edward] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Zimmerman, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zimmerman17@llnl.gov RI Zimmerman, Susan/A-3351-2013 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 SI 2 BP 887 EP 894 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696JO UT WOS:000285437900005 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Rao, L Friese, JI Moore, DA Bachelor, PP AF Xia, Y. Rao, L. Friese, J. I. Moore, D. A. Bachelor, P. P. TI Complexation of plutonium(IV) with fluoride at variable temperatures SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Plutonium(IV); Fluoride; Complexation; Stability constants; Temperature effect; Solvent extraction ID STABILITY-CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SULFATE; PU(IV); EXTRACTION; NITRATE; IONS AB Complexation Of Pu(IV) With fluoride was Studied by solvent extraction at 25, 40 and 55 degrees C in 2.2 mol kg(-1) HClO4. The distribution ratio Of Pu(IV) between the organic and aqueous phases decreased a,, the concentration of fluoride was increased due to the formation of Pu(IV)-F complexes in the aqueous phase. Two complexes, PuF3+ and PuF22+, were identified under the conditions in this work and their stability constants at 25, 40 and 55 degrees C and I = 2.2 mol kg(-1) HClO4 were determined from the distribution data. The specific ion interaction approach (SIT) Was Used to extrapolate the constants to the state of infinite dilution. Data from this work indicate that the complexation Of Pu(IV) With fluoride is endothermic and entropy-driven. The complexation becomes stronger at higher temperatures. C1 [Xia, Y.; Friese, J. I.; Moore, D. A.; Bachelor, P. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rao, L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yxia3615@yahoo.com; LRao@lbl.gov FU Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was Supported by the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. LBNL is operated by University of California for U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers who critical comments have helped to significantly improve the manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA ROSENHEIMER STR 143, D-81671 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1690 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 552MU UT WOS:000274296200002 ER PT J AU Eichler, R Aksenov, NV Albin, YV Belozerov, AV Bozhikov, GA Chepigin, VI Dmitriev, SN Dressler, R Gaggeler, HW Gorshkov, VA Henderson, RA Johnsen, AM Kenneally, JM Lebedev, VY Malyshev, ON Moody, KJ Oganessian, YT Petrushkin, OV Piguet, D Popeko, AG Rasmussen, P Serov, A Shaughnessy, DA Shishkin, SV Shutov, AV Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Svirikhin, AI Tereshatov, EE Vostokin, GK Wegrzecki, M Wilk, PA Wittwer, D Yeremin, AV AF Eichler, R. Aksenov, N. V. Albin, Yu. V. Belozerov, A. V. Bozhikov, G. A. Chepigin, V. I. Dmitriev, S. N. Dressler, R. Gaeggeler, H. W. Gorshkov, V. A. Henderson, R. A. Johnsen, A. M. Kenneally, J. M. Lebedev, V. Ya Malyshev, O. N. Moody, K. J. Oganessian, Yu. Ts Petrushkin, O. V. Piguet, D. Popeko, A. G. Rasmussen, P. Serov, A. Shaughnessy, D. A. Shishkin, S. V. Shutov, A. V. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Svirikhin, A. I. Tereshatov, E. E. Vostokin, G. K. Wegrzecki, M. Wilk, P. A. Wittwer, D. Yeremin, A. V. TI Indication for a volatile element 114 SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Transactinides; Element 114; Adsorption; The rmochromatography ID SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; METAL-SURFACES; ION REACTIONS; ADSORPTION; RADON; PREDICTION; SEPARATION; NUCLEI; MASSES; SYSTEM AB Recently, the chemical investigation of element 112 revealed a highly volatile, noble metallic behaviour, as expected for the last group 12 member of the periodic table. The observed volatility and chemical inertness were ascribed to the growing influence of relativistic effects on the chemical properties of the heaviest elements with increasing nuclear charge. Here, we report for the first time on gas phase chemical experiments aiming at a determination of element 114 properties. This element was investigated using its isotopes (287)114 and (288)114 produced in the nuclear fusion reactions of (48)Ca with (242)pn and (244)Pu respectively. Identification of three atoms of element 114 in thermochromatography experiments and their deposition pattern on a gold surface indicates that this element is at least as volatile as simultaneously investigated elements Hg, At, and element 112. This behaviour is rather unexpected for a typical metal of group 14. C1 [Eichler, R.; Dressler, R.; Gaeggeler, H. W.; Piguet, D.; Rasmussen, P.; Serov, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Eichler, R.; Gaeggeler, H. W.; Serov, A.; Wittwer, D.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Aksenov, N. V.; Albin, Yu. V.; Belozerov, A. V.; Bozhikov, G. A.; Chepigin, V. I.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Gorshkov, V. A.; Lebedev, V. Ya; Malyshev, O. N.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts; Petrushkin, O. V.; Popeko, A. G.; Shishkin, S. V.; Shutov, A. V.; Svirikhin, A. I.; Tereshatov, E. E.; Vostokin, G. K.; Yeremin, A. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Henderson, R. A.; Johnsen, A. M.; Kenneally, J. M.; Moody, K. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Stoyer, N. J.; Wilk, P. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wegrzecki, M.] Inst Electr Mat Technol, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Eichler, R (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM robert.eichler@psi.ch RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011 NR 44 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1705 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 577GU UT WOS:000276211300002 ER PT J AU Bridges, NJ Visser, AE Williamson, MJ Mickalonis, JI Adams, TM AF Bridges, N. J. Visser, A. E. Williamson, M. J. Mickalonis, J. I. Adams, T. M. TI Effects of gamma radiation on electrochemical properties of ionic liquids SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ionic liquids; Electrochemical window; Irradiation ID ACTINIDE CHEMISTRY AB The electrochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) make them attractive for possible replacement of inorganic salts in high temperature molten salt electrochemical processing of nuclear fuel. To be a feasible replacement solvent, ILs need to be stable in moderate and high doses of radiation without adverse chemical and physical effects. Here, we exposed seven different ILs to a 1.2 MGy dose of gamma radiation to investigate their physical and chemical properties as they related to radiological stability. The azolium-based ILs experienced the greatest change in appearance, but these ILs were chemically more stable to gamma radiation than some of the other classes of ILs tested, due to the presence of aromatic electrons in the azolium ring. All the ILs exhibited a decrease in their conductivity and electrochemical window (at least 1.1 V), both of which could affect the utility of ILs in electrochemical processing. The concentration of the irradiation decomposition products was less than 3 mol. %, with no impurities detectable using NMR techniques. C1 [Bridges, N. J.; Visser, A. E.; Williamson, M. J.; Mickalonis, J. I.; Adams, T. M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Bridges, NJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Mail Stop 20, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Nicholas.Bridges@srnl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 4 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1704 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 585PM UT WOS:000276838900009 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Nankawa, T Francis, AJ Ohnuki, T AF Suzuki, Y. Nankawa, T. Francis, A. J. Ohnuki, T. TI Redox behavior of Ce(IV)/Ce(III) in the presence of nitrilotriacetic acid: A surrogate study for An(IV)/An(III) redox behavior SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Cerium(IV/III); Nitrilotriacetic acid; Stability constant; Cyclic voltammetry; Actinides(IV/III) ID COMPLEXES; PLUTONIUM; HYDROLYSIS; ACTINIDES; REDUCTION; URANIUM; LIGANDS; AGENTS AB Using cyclic voltammetry, we investigated the redox behavior of Ce(IV)/Ce(III), which is a surrogate for An(IV)/An(III) (An = actinides), in a solution of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) at 25 degrees C. The cyclic voltammogram of Ce in a 0.1 M NTA solution at pH 6 showed a reversible one-electron redox reaction for Ce(IV)/Ce(III) at 0.51 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This redox potential was much lower than that obtained in 1 M nitric acid, indicating that Ce(IV) was preferentially stabilized by complexation with NTA. The redox potential in the NTA solution was independent of the Ce concentration from 2 to 20 mM, NTA concentration from 5 to 200 mM and pH between 3 and 7. These results indicated that no polymerization and no additional coordination of NTA and OH(-) to the Ce(III)-NTA complex took place during the redox reaction. As the speciation calculation of Ce(III) in the NTA solution showed that the predominant species was Ce(III)(nta)(2)(3-) (H(3)nta = NTA). the redox reaction of the Ce-NTA complex was expressed by the following: Ce(IV) (nta)(2)(2-) + e(-) reversible arrow Ce(III)(nta)(2)(3-). The logarithm of the stability constant of Ce(IV)(nta)(2)(2-) was calculated to be 38.6 +/- 0.8 for I = 0 from the redox potential shift of Ce(IV)/Ce(III) in the NTA solution. The value was in good accordance with the stability constant of the Np(IV)(nta)(2)(2-) complex, demonstrating that the aqueous coordination chemistry of Ce(IV) with NTA is quite similar to that of An(IV). These results strongly suggest that a negative shift of the Pu(IV)/Pu(III) redox potential in the NTA solution should make Pu(IV) more stable than Pu(III) even in a reducing environment. C1 [Suzuki, Y.; Nankawa, T.; Ohnuki, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Francis, A. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Technol, Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Tokyo 1920982, Japan. EM yosuzuki@bs.teu.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology FX The present study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology to Y. S. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 32 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1735 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 633EG UT WOS:000280481700002 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Schwindt, O Fenter, P Soderholm, L AF Wilson, R. E. Schwindt, O. Fenter, P. Soderholm, L. TI Exploitation of the sorptive properties of mica for the preparation of higher-resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Alpha-spectrometry; Adsorption; Plutonium; Mica ID KAOLINITE; SMECTITE; SURFACE AB The ion adsorption properties of muscovite mica were exploited to prepare higher resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples of (242)Pu. The samples prepared by our method are compared to those prepared using electrodeposition methods in terms of their energy resolution. The mica adsorption method results in significant increases in energy resolution vs. that of electrodeposition. Muscovite surface adsorption properties of the mica allow for monolayer adsorption of plutonium thus minimizing energy attenuation and maximizing energy resolution of the resulting spectra. The mica adsorption method allows for simplified preparation of higher-resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples useful for the isotopic analysis of alpha-emitting radionuclides. C1 [Wilson, R. E.; Fenter, P.; Soderholm, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schwindt, O.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rewilson@anl.gov RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011 OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United States Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work conducted at Argonne National Laboratory, operated by UChicagoArgonne LLC for the United States Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357, and under support from the United States Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1736 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 633EG UT WOS:000280481700006 ER PT J AU Armstrong, CR Felmy, AR Clark, SB AF Armstrong, C. R. Felmy, A. R. Clark, S. B. TI Solubility of triuranyl diphosphate tetrahydrate (TDT) and Na autunite at 23 and 50 degrees C SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Autunite; U(VI) phosphate minerals; Actinide contaminant remediation ID MINERAL EQUILIBRIA; NATURAL-WATERS; URANIUM; PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE; PREDICTION; SORPTION AB In this report we present experimental solubility data for well-characterized triuranyl diphosphate tetrahydrate (TDT: (UO(2))(3)(PO(4))(2)center dot 4H(2)O) and Na autunite (Na[UO(2)PO(4)]center dot xH(2)O) at 23 and 50 degrees C in NaClO(4)-HClO(4) solutions at pC(H+) = 2. Duplicate samples of TDT in 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 in solutions were equilibrated at 23 and 50 degrees C. TDT solid was synthesized and characterized with ICP-OES, ATR-IR and powder XRD before and after solubility experiments. The pH of the suspensions were monitored throughout the experiments. Equilibrium was achieved from undersaturation with respect to TDT and oversaturation for Na autunite. Steady-state conditions were achieved in all cases within 82 d. TDT was unstable at ionic strengths above 0.1 m, where its complete conversion to Na autunite was observed. The ion-interaction model was used to interpret the experimental solubility data. The solubility product, log K(sp), for TDT was determined to be -49.7 and -51.3 at 23 and 50 degrees C respectively. log K for Na autunite was determined to be -24.4 (23 degrees C) and -24.1 +/- 0.2 (50 degrees C). C1 [Armstrong, C. R.; Clark, S. B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Felmy, A. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Clark, SB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM s_clark@wsu.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1752 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700003 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Richmann, M Reed, DT Xiong, Y AF Borkowski, M. Richmann, M. Reed, D. T. Xiong, Y. TI Complexation of Nd(III) with tetraborate ion and its effect on actinide(III) solubility in WIPP brine SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Borax; Borate complexation; Nd-tetraborate stability constant; Nd-borate Pitzer parameter; Neodymium-borate SIT coefficients ID BORATE; EQUILIBRIA AB The potential importance of tetraborate complexation on lanthanide(III) and actinide(III) solubility is recognized in the literature but a systematic study of f-element complexation has not been performed. In neodymium solubility studies in WIPP brines, the carbonate complexation effect is not observed since tetraborate ions form a moderately strong complex with neodymium(III). The existence of these tetraborate complexes was established for low and high ionic strength solutions. Changes in neodymium(III) concentrations in undersaturation experiments were used to determine the neodymium with tetraborate stability constants as a function of NaCl ionic strength. As very low Nd(III) concentrations have to be measured, it was necessary to use an extraction pre-concentration step combined with ICP-MS analysis to extend the detection limit by a factor of 50. The determined Nd(III) with borate stability constants at infinite dilution and 25 degrees C are equal to log beta(1) = 4.55 +/- 0.06 using the SIT approach, equal to log beta(1) = 4.99 +/- 0.30 using the Pitzer approach, with an apparent log beta(1) = 4.06 +/- 0.15 (in molal units) at I = 5.6 m NaCl. Pitzer ion-interaction parameters for neodymium with tetraborate and SIT interaction coefficients were also determined and reported. C1 [Borkowski, M.; Richmann, M.; Reed, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Xiong, Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Program Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, 115 Main St, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM marian@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1756 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700007 ER PT J AU Boggs, MA Dong, W Gu, B Wall, NA AF Boggs, M. A. Dong, W. Gu, B. Wall, N. A. TI Complexation of Tc(IV) with acetate at varying ionic strengths SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Tc(IV); Acetate stability constant; Solvent extraction; Specific ion interaction theory ID CONSTANTS; TECHNETIUM; REDUCTION; FE(II); ACIDS AB In order to accurately model and predict the fate and transport of metals and radionuclides at multiple radio-contaminated sites, there is a need for an understanding on how metals such as technetium interact with their environment. Many contaminated sites are known to contain large amounts of organic ligands that can affect the solubility and mobility of metals. This study focuses on the effect of acetate on the complexation and dissolution of Tc(IV). Studies were performed at pcH 4.5 (+/-0.3), at which TcOOH(+) is the predominant species. The stability constants for the TcOOH-acetate complex were determined at ionic strengths varying from 0.5 to 3.0 M (NaCl), using a solvent extraction method. The stability constants showed the expected increasing trend over the range of ionic strengths, from 2.46 +/- 0.03 (I = 0.5) to 3.09 +/- 0.08 (I = 3.0). A stability constant of 2.8 +/- 0.16 at zero ionic strength was determined by specific ion interaction theory. Geochemical modeling data suggest that the dissolution of TcO(2)center dot 1.6H(2)O is not greatly affected by the presence of acetate, at concentrations equal or less than 20 mM. C1 [Boggs, M. A.; Wall, N. A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dong, W.; Gu, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wall, NA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM nawall@wsu.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Boggs, Mark/I-6954-2012; Dong, Wenming/G-3221-2015 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Dong, Wenming/0000-0003-2074-8887 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1757 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700008 ER PT J AU Hu, YJ Schwaiger, LK Booth, CH Kukkadapu, RK Cristiano, E Kaplan, D Nitsche, H AF Hu, Y. -J. Schwaiger, L. K. Booth, C. H. Kukkadapu, R. K. Cristiano, E. Kaplan, D. Nitsche, H. TI Molecular interactions of plutonium(VI) with synthetic manganese-substituted goethite SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Plutonium; XAS; Redox; Sorption; Manganese-substituted goethite; Iron ID OXIDATION-STATES; URANYL-ION; SPECIATION; REDUCTION; SPECTRA; TUFF; SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENT; ADSORPTION; JACOBSITE AB Plutonium(VI) sorption on the surface of well-characterized synthetic manganese-substituted goethite minerals (Fe(1-x)Mn(x)OOH) was studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We chose to study the influence of manganese as a minor component in goethite because goethite rarely exists as a pure phase in nature. Manganese X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements indicated that essentially all the Mn in the goethite existed as Mn(III), even though Mn was added during mineral synthesis as Mn(II). Importantly, energy dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrated that Mn did not exist as discrete phases and that it was homogeneously mixed into the goethite to within the limit of detection of the method. Furthermore, Mossbauer spectra demonstrated that all Fe existed as Fe(III), with no Fe(II) present. Plutonium(VI) sorption experiments were conducted open to air and no attempt was made to exclude carbonate. The use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy allows us to directly and unambiguously measure the oxidation state of plutonium in situ at the mineral surface. Plutonium X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements carried out on these samples showed that Pu(VI) was reduced to Pu(IV) upon contact with the mineral. This reduction appears to be strongly correlated with mineral solution pH, coinciding with pH transitions across the point of zero charge of the mineral. Furthermore, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements show evidence of direct plutonium binding to the metal surface as an inner-sphere complex. This combination of extensive mineral characterization and advanced spectroscopy suggests that sorption of the plutonium onto the surface of the mineral was followed by reduction of the plutonium at the surface of the mineral to form an inner-sphere complex. Because manganese is often found in the environment as a minor component associated with major mineral components, such as goethite, understanding the molecular-level interactions of plutonium with such substituted mineral phases is important for risk assessment purposes at radioactively contaminated sites and long-term underground radioactive waste repositories. C1 [Hu, Y. -J.; Schwaiger, L. K.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hu, Y. -J.; Schwaiger, L. K.; Cristiano, E.; Nitsche, H.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Booth, C. H.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kukkadapu, R. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kaplan, D.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HNitsche@lbl.gov RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 24 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1766 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700017 ER PT J AU Hixon, AE Hu, YJ Kaplan, DI Kukkadapu, RK Nitsche, H Qafoku, O Powell, BA AF Hixon, A. E. Hu, Y. -J. Kaplan, D. I. Kukkadapu, R. K. Nitsche, H. Qafoku, O. Powell, B. A. TI Influence of iron redox transformations on plutonium sorption to sediments SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Plutonium; Subsurface transport; Redox; XANES; Iron; Kinetics ID DIFFERENT OXIDATION-STATES; SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT; WATER INTERFACE; REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; ACTINIDES; SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORT; GOETHITE; MOBILITY AB Plutonium subsurface mobility is primarily controlled by its oxidation state, which in turn is loosely coupled to the oxidation state of iron in the system. Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of sediment iron mineral composition and oxidation state on plutonium sorption and reduction. A pH 6.3 vadose zone sediment containing iron oxides and iron-containing phyllosilicates was treated with various complexants (ammonium oxalate) and reductants (hydroxylamine hydrochloride and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)) to selectively leach and/or reduce iron oxide and phyllosilicate/clay Fe(III). (57)Fe-Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to identify initial iron mineral composition of the sediment and monitor dissolution and reduction of iron oxides and reduction of phyllosilicate Fe(III). (57)Fe-Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the Fe-mineral composition of the untreated sediment is: 25-30% hematite, 60-65% small-particle/Al-goethite, and < 10% Fe(III) in phyllosilicate; there was no detectable Fe(II). Upon reduction with a strong chemical reductant (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate buffer), much of the hematite and goethite was removed. Partial reduction of phyllosilicate Fe(III) was evident in the sediments subjected to DCB treatment. Sorption of Pu(V) was monitored over one week for the untreated and each of five treated sediment fractions. Plutonium oxidation state speciation in the aqueous and solid phases was monitored using solvent extraction, coprecipitation, and XANES. The rate of sorption appears to correlate with the fraction of Fe(II) in the sediment (untreated or treated). Pu(V) was the only oxidation state measured in the aqueous phase, irrespective of treatment, whereas Pu(IV) and much smaller amounts of Pu(V) and Pu(VI) were measured in the solid phase. Surface-mediated reduction of Pu(V) to Pu(IV) occurred in treated and untreated sediment samples; Pu(V) remained on untreated sediment surface for two days before reducing to Pu(IV). Similar to the sorption kinetics, the reduction rate appears to be correlated with sediment Fe(II) concentration. The correlation between Fe(II) concentrations and Pu(V) reduction demonstrates the potential impact of changing iron mineralogy on plutonium subsurface transport through redox transition areas. These findings should influence the conceptual models of long-term stewardship of Pu contaminated sites that have fluctuating redox conditions, such as vadose zones or riparian zones. C1 [Hixon, A. E.; Powell, B. A.] Clemson Univ, Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Hu, Y. -J.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hu, Y. -J.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaplan, D. I.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Kukkadapu, R. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Powell, BA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC USA. EM bpowell@clemson.edu RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011; Hixon, Amy/D-4608-2016; OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180; Hixon, Amy/0000-0003-4513-4574 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 48 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1769 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700020 ER PT J AU Liu, C Zhong, L Zachara, JM AF Liu, C. Zhong, L. Zachara, J. M. TI Uranium(VI) diffusion in low-permeability subsurface materials SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Uranium; Diffusion; Species-based diffusion; Retardation; Surface complexation ID MASS-TRANSFER; MODEL; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; AQUIFER; GRANITE; IBARAKI; JAPAN; INADA AB Uranium(VI) diffusion was investigated in a fine-grained saprolite sediment that was collected from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge site, TN, where uranium contamination in groundwater is a major environmental concern. U(VI) diffusion was studied in a diffusion cell with one cell end in contact with a large, air-equilibrated electrolyte reservoir. The pH, carbonate and U(VI) concentrations in the reservoir solution were varied to investigate the effect of solution chemical composition and uranyl speciation on U(VI) diffusion. The rates of U(VI) diffusion were evaluated by monitoring the U(VI) concentration in the reservoir solution as a function of time; and by measuring the total concentration of U(VI) extracted from the sediment as a function of time and distance in the diffusion cells. The estimated apparent rate of U(VI) diffusion varied significantly with pH, with the slowest rate observed at pH 7 as a result of strong adsorptive retardation. The estimated retardation factor was generally consistent with a surface complexation model. Numerical simulations indicated that a species-based diffusion model that incorporated both aqueous and surface complexation reactions was required to describe U(VI) diffusion in the low permeability material under variable geochemical conditions. Our results implied that low permeability materials will play an important role in storing U(VI) and attenuating U(VI) plume migration at circumneutral pH conditions, and will serve as a long-term source for releasing U(VI) back to the nearby aquifer during and after aquifer decontamination. C1 [Liu, C.; Zhong, L.; Zachara, J. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1773 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700024 ER PT J AU Schwantes, JM Santschi, PH AF Schwantes, J. M. Santschi, P. H. TI Mechanisms of plutonium sorption to mineral oxide surfaces: new insights with implications for colloid-enhanced migration SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Plutonium; Sorption; Reactive transport; Colloid migration ID INORGANIC COLLOIDS; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE; KINETICS; TIO2; IV AB New equilibrium and kinetic models have been developed to describe rate-limited sorption and desorption of Pu onto and off of mineral oxide surfaces using a generic approach to estimate sorption constants that require minimal laboratory calibrations. Equilibrium reactions describing a total of six surface species were derived from a combination of empirical relationships previously described in the literature and generated as part of this work. These sorption reactions and corresponding equilibrium constants onto goethite (and silica) are: equivalent to SOH + Pu3+ <-> equivalent to SOPu2+ + H+, log K = -2.1(-10) (1) equivalent to SOH + Pu4+ <-> equivalent to SOPu3+ + H+, log K = 15.3(7.2) (2) equivalent to SOH + PuO2+ <-> equivalent to SOPuO2 + H+, log K = -8.5(-16.5) (3) equivalent to SOH + PuO22+ <-> equivalent to SOPuO2+ + H+, log K = 1.2(-6.5) (4) equivalent to SOH + Pu4+ + 3H(2)O <-> equivalent to SOPu(OH)(3) + 4H(+), log K = 12.5(4.6) (5) equivalent to SOH + Pu4+ + 4H(2)O <-> equivalent to SOPu(OH)(4)(-) + 5H(+), log K = 5.0(-2.3) (6) The kinetic model decouples reduced (III, IV) and oxidized (V, VI) forms of Pu via a single rate-limiting, but reversible, surface mediated reaction: equivalent to SOPuO2 + H2O + 1/2H(2(g)) (k2)reversible arrow(k1) equivalent to SOPu(OH)(2) log k(1) = -5.3 (7) Where the reaction rate is equal to: -d[equivalent to SOPu2]/dt = k(1)[Pu-ox] - k(2)[Pu-red] (8) and [Pu-ox] and [Pu-red] are the sums of the oxidized (V and VI) and reduced (III and IV) surface species, respectively. Predictions using the equilibrium and kinetic models were validated against previously published experimental results, which give credence to the validity of the proposed mechanisms controlling the sorption of Pu onto mineral oxide surfaces. Of importance, a reversible, rate-limited, reaction successfully predicted time dependent behavior associated with Pu sorption onto goethite. Previously, researchers have suggested desorption of Pu to these surfaces is extremely slow or even irreversible. Model predictions based on such suggestions would severely overestimate the kinetic stability of Pu sorbed species and the overall importance that Pu sorption kinetics, alone, has on pseudo-colloid transport mechanisms. C1 [Schwantes, J. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Radioanalyt Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Santschi, P. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Lab Oceanog & Environm Res, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Schwantes, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Radioanalyt Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jon.schwantes@pnl.gov RI Santschi, Peter/D-5712-2012 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1775 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678ZO UT WOS:000284126700026 ER PT J AU Aryal, UK Ross, ARS AF Aryal, Uma K. Ross, Andrew R. S. TI Enrichment and analysis of phosphopeptides under different experimental conditions using titanium dioxide affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL FRACTIONATION; HIGHLY SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT; PHOSPHORYLATED PEPTIDES; RETENTION BEHAVIOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PROTEINS; PHOSPHOPROTEOMICS; MS/MS AB Titanium dioxide metal oxide affinity chromatography (TiO(2)-MOAC) is widely regarded as being more selective than immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) for phosphopeptide enrichment. However, the widespread application of TiO(2)-MOAC to biological samples is hampered by conflicting reports as to which experimental conditions are optimal. We have evaluated the performance of TiO(2)-MOAC under a wide range of loading and elution conditions. Loading and stringent washing of peptides with strongly acidic solutions ensured highly selective enrichment for phosphopeptides, with minimal carryover of non-phosphorylated peptides. Contrary to previous reports, the addition of glycolic acid to the loading solution was found to reduce specificity towards phosphopeptides. Base elution in ammonium hydroxide or ammonium phosphate provided optimal specificity and recovery of phosphorylated peptides. In contrast, elution with phosphoric acid gave incomplete recovery of phosphopeptides, whereas inclusion of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the eluant introduced a bias against the recovery of multiply phosphorylated peptides. TiO(2)-MOAC was also found to be intolerant of many reagents commonly used as phosphatase inhibitors during protein purification. However, TiO(2)-MOAC showed higher specificity than immobilized gallium (Ga(3+)), immobilized iron (Fe(3+)), or zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)) affinity chromatography for phosphopeptide enrichment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was more effective in detecting larger, multiply phosphorylated peptides than liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), which was more efficient for smaller, singly phosphorylated peptides. Copyright (C) 2009 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Aryal, Uma K.; Ross, Andrew R. S.] CNR, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. RP Aryal, UK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,962 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Uma.Arval@pnl.gov FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NRC-PBI; Saskatchewan Provincial Government; National Research Council of Canada FX We thank Doug Olson and Steve Ambrose of the Mass Spectrometry and Protein Research Group at NRC-PBI for technical support. We also thank Dr. Joan Krochko for valuable suggestions and Dr. Randy Purves for reviewing the manuscript. The Visiting Fellow and Research Associate positions awarded to UKA by, respectively, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and NRC-PBI are also gratefully acknowledged. Funding for protein mass spectrometry equipment was provided by the Saskatchewan Provincial Government and the National Research Council of Canada, from which this article is contribution number 50149. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1002/rcm.4377 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 545YM UT WOS:000273773200007 PM 20014058 ER PT J AU Dain, RP Leavitt, CM Oomens, J Steill, JD Groenewold, GS Van Stipdonk, MJ AF Dain, Ryan P. Leavitt, Christopher M. Oomens, Jos Steill, Jeffrey D. Groenewold, Gary S. Van Stipdonk, Michael J. TI Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of sodium and potassium chlorate anions SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKALI-METAL CHLORATES; ION-PAIRS; MATRIX-ISOLATION; GAS-PHASE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; AB-INITIO; COORDINATION; GEOMETRIES; COMPLEXES AB The structures of gas-phase, metal chlorate anions with the formula [M(ClO(3))(2)](-), M = Na and K, were determined using tandem mass spectrometry and infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Structural assignments for both anions are based on comparisons of the experimental vibrational spectra for the two species with those predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and involve conformations that feature either bidentate or tridentate coordination of the cation by chlorate. Our results strongly suggest that a structure in which both chlorate anions are bidentate ligands is preferred for [Na(ClO(3))(2)](-). However, for [K(ClO(3))(2)](-) the best agreement between experimental and theoretical spectra is obtained from a composite of predicted spectra for which the chlorate anions are either both bidentate or both tridentate ligands. In general, we find that the overall accuracy of DFT calculations for prediction of IR spectra is dependent on both functional and basis set, with best agreement achieved using frequencies generated at the B3LYP/6-311+g(3df) level of theory. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Dain, Ryan P.; Leavitt, Christopher M.; Van Stipdonk, Michael J.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Oomens, Jos; Steill, Jeffrey D.] EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Stipdonk, MJ (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM mike.vanstipdonk@wichita.edu RI Oomens, Jos/F-9691-2015 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CAREER-0239800, EIA-0216178, EIS-0236913]; Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Wichita State University; State of Kansas; HIPECC; U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Laboratory, DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE AC07 05ID14517]; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO); National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA [CHE-9909502] FX Work by CML, RPD and MVS is supported in part by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF grant CAREER-0239800) and the Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Wichita State University. Density functional theory calculations were performed at Wichita State University using resources of the High-performance Computing Center (HIPECC), a facility supported by the NSF under Grants EIA-0216178 and EIS-0236913 and matching support from the State of Kansas and HIPECC. Work by GSG is Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Laboratory, DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE AC07 05ID14517. JO and JS are supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO). Construction and shipping of the FT-ICR-MS instrument was made possible through funding from the National High Field FT-ICR Facility (grant CHE-9909502) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA. The excellent Support by Dr B. Redlich and others of the FELIX staff is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1002/rcm.4379 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 545YM UT WOS:000273773200008 PM 20014046 ER PT S AU Yang, L Karim, R Ganapathy, V Smith, R AF Yang, Liu Karim, Rezwana Ganapathy, Vinod Smith, Randy BE Jha, S Sommer, R Kreibich, C TI Improving NFA-Based Signature Matching Using Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams SO RECENT ADVANCES IN INTRUSION DETECTION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Systems CY SEP 15-17, 2010 CL Ottawa, CANADA DE NIDS; signature matching; ordered binary decision diagrams ID NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION; ARCHITECTURE; NIDS AB Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) make extensive use of regular expressions as attack signatures. Internally, NIDS represent and operate these signatures using finite automata. Existing representations of finite automata present a well-known time-space tradeoff: Deterministic automata (DFAs) provide fast matching but are memory intensive, while non-deterministic automata (NFAs) are space-efficient but are several orders of magnitude slower than DFAs. This time/space tradeoff has motivated much recent research, primarily with a focus on improving the space-efficiency of DFAs, often at the cost of reducing their performance. This paper presents NFA-OBDDs, a symbolic representation of NFAs that retains their space-efficiency while improving their time-efficiency. Experiments using Snort HTTP and FTP signature sets show that an NFA-OBDD-based representation of regular expressions can outperform traditional NFAs by up to three orders of magnitude and is competitive with a variant of DFAs, while still remaining as compact as NFAs. C1 [Yang, Liu; Karim, Rezwana; Ganapathy, Vinod] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Smith, Randy] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. FU NSF [0831268, 0915394, 0931992, 0952128] FX Supported in part by NSF grants 0831268, 0915394, 0931992 and 0952128. L. Yang and R. Karim contributed equally, while R. Smith contributed while at the University ofWisconsin. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15511-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6307 BP 58 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTC73 UT WOS:000286486100004 ER PT S AU Hirata, S Fan, PD Head-Gordon, M Kamiya, M Keceli, M Lee, TJ Shiozaki, T Szczepanski, J Vala, M Valeev, EF Yagi, K AF Hirata, So Fan, Peng-Dong Head-Gordon, Martin Kamiya, Muneaki Keceli, Murat Lee, Timothy J. Shiozaki, Toru Szczepanski, Jan Vala, Martin Valeev, Edward F. Yagi, Kiyoshi BE Chaudhuri, RK Mekkaden, MV Raveendran, AV Narayanan, AS TI Computational Interstellar Chemistry SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SPECTROSCOPY: THEORETICAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Advances in Spectroscopy - Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory, Bangalore, INDIA HO Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory ID VIBRATIONAL-STATE CALCULATIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; BODY PERTURBATION THEORIES; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATES; H2CO; CATION; FIELD; ENERGIES; C6H6 AB Computational applications of electronic and vibrational many-body theories are increasingly indispensable in interpreting and, in some instances, predicting the spectra of gas-phase molecular species of importance in interstellar chemistry as well as in atmospheric and combustion chemistry. This chapter briefly reviews our methodological developments of electronic and vibrational many-body theories that are particularly useful for these gas-phase molecular problems. Their applications to anharmonic vibrational frequencies of triatomic and tetratomic interstellar molecules and to electronic absorption spectra of the radical ions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, are also discussed. C1 [Hirata, So; Fan, Peng-Dong; Kamiya, Muneaki; Shiozaki, Toru; Szczepanski, Jan; Vala, Martin] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hirata, So] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fan, Peng-Dong] Pacific Northwestern Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 92717 USA. [Kamiya, Muneaki] Gifu Univ, Fac Reg Stud, Gifu, Japan. [Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Shiozaki, Toru; Yagi, Kiyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo, Japan. [Valeev, Edward F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yagi, Kiyoshi] Univ Yamanashi, Nanomat Res Ctr, Yamanashi, Japan. RP Hirata, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hirata@qtp.ufl.edu RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-10321-6 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_3 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPU05 UT WOS:000279938400003 ER PT S AU Balaji, P Buntinas, D Goodell, D Gropp, W Krishna, J Lusk, E Thakur, R AF Balaji, Pavan Buntinas, Darius Goodell, David Gropp, William Krishna, Jayesh Lusk, Ewing Thakur, Rajeev BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI PMI: A Scalable Parallel Process-Management Interface for Extreme-Scale Systems SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart AB Parallel programming models on large-scale systems require a scalable system for managing the processes that make up the execution of a parallel program. The process-management system must be able to launch millions of processes quickly when starting a parallel program and must provide mechanisms for the processes to exchange the information needed to enable them communicate with each other. MPICH2 and its derivatives achieve this functionality through a carefully defined interface, called PM I, that allows different process managers to interact with the MPI library in a. standardized way. In this paper, we describe the features and capabilities of PMI. We describe both PMI-1, the current generation of PMI used in MPICH2 and all its derivatives, as well as PMI-2, the second-generation of PMI that eliminates various shortcomings in PMI-1. Together with the interface itself, we also describe a reference implementation for both PMI-1. and PMI-2 in a new process-management framework within MPICH2, called Hydra, and compare their performance in running MPI jobs with thousands of processes. C1 [Balaji, Pavan; Buntinas, Darius; Goodell, David; Krishna, Jayesh; Lusk, Ewing; Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gropp, William] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Balaji, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER25835]; National Science Foundation [0702182] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357; by the DOE grant DE-FG02-08ER25835; and by the National Science Foundation under grant 0702182. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 31 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600004 ER PT S AU Kimpe, D Goodell, D Ross, R AF Kimpe, Dries Goodell, David Ross, Robert BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI MPI Datatype Marshalling: A Case Study in Datatype Equivalence SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart ID DATA-TYPE SIGNATURES; DATATYPES AB MPI datatypes are a convenient abstraction for manipulating complex data structures and are useful in a number of contexts. In some cases, these descriptions need to be preserved on disk or communicated between processes, such as when defining RMA windows. We propose an extension to MPI that enables marshalling and unmarshalling MPI datatypes in the spirit of MPI_Pack/MPI_Unpack. Issues in MPI. datatype equivalence are discussed in detail and an implementation of the new interface outside of MPI is presented. The new marshalling interface provides a mechanism for serializing all aspects of an MPI datatype: the typemap, upper/lower bounds, name, contents/envelope information, and attributes. C1 [Kimpe, Dries; Goodell, David; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kimpe, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov; goodell@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600009 ER PT S AU Krishna, J Balaji, P Lusk, E Thakur, R Tillier, F AF Krishna, Jayesh Balaji, Pavan Lusk, Ewing Thakur, Rajeev Tillier, Fabian BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI Implementing MPI on Windows: Comparison with Common Approaches on Unix SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart AB Commercial HPC applications are often run on clusters that use the Microsoft Windows operating system and need an MPI implementation that runs efficiently in the Windows environment. The MPI developer community, however, is more familiar with the issues involved in implementing MPI in a Unix environment. In this paper, we discuss some of the differences in implementing MPI on Windows and Unix, particularly with respect to issues such as asynchronous progress, process management, shared-memory access, and threads. We describe how we implement MPICH2 on Windows and exploit these Windows-specific features while still maintaining large parts of the code common with the Unix version. We also present performance results comparing the performance of MPICH2 on Unix and Windows on the same hardware. For zero-byte MPI messages, we measured excellent shared-memory latencies of 240 and 275 nanoseconds on Unix and Windows, respectively. C1 [Krishna, Jayesh; Balaji, Pavan; Lusk, Ewing; Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tillier, Fabian] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA USA. RP Krishna, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Microsoft Corp; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from Microsoft Corp. and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 160 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600017 ER PT S AU Keller, R Graham, RL AF Keller, Rainer Graham, Richard L. BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI Characteristics of the Unexpected Message Queue of MPI Applications SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart ID IMPLEMENTATION AB High Performance Computing systems are used on a regular basis to run a myriad of application codes, yet a surprising dearth of information exists with respect to communications characteristics. Even less information is available on the low-level communication libraries, such as the length of MPI Unexpected Message Queues (UMQs) and the length of time such messages spend in these queues. Such information is vital to developing appropriate strategies for handling such data at the library and system level. In this paper we present data on the communication characteristics of three applications GTC, LSMS, and S3D. We present data on the size of their UMQ, the time spend searching the UMQ and the length of time such messages spend in these queues. We find that for the particular inputs used, these applications have widely varying characteristics with regard to UMQ length and show patterns for specific applications which persist over various scales. C1 [Keller, Rainer; Graham, Richard L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM keller@ornl.gov; rlgraham@ornl.gov; keller@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600019 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Ferreira, K Riesen, R AF Brightwell, Ron Ferreira, Kurt Riesen, Rolf BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI Transparent Redundant Computing with MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart DE Fault tolerance; Redundant computing; Profiling interface AB Extreme-scale parallel systems will require alternative methods for applications to maintain current levels of uninterrupted execution. Redundant computation is one approach to consider, if the benefits of increased resiliency outweigh the cost of consuming additional resources. We describe a transparent redundancy approach for MPI applications and detail two different implementations that provide the ability to tolerate a range of failure scenarios, including loss of application processes and connectivity. We compare these two approaches and show performance results from micro-benchmarks that bound worst-case message passing performance degradation. We propose several enhancements that could lower the overhead of providing resiliency through redundancy. C1 [Brightwell, Ron; Ferreira, Kurt; Riesen, Rolf] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbrigh@sandia.gov; kbferre@sandia.gov; rolf@sandia.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 208 EP 218 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600022 ER PT S AU Hemmert, KS Barrett, B Underwood, KD AF Hemmert, K. Scott Barrett, Brian Underwood, Keith D. BE Keller, R Gabriel, E Resch, M Dongarra, J TI Using Triggered Operations to Offload Collective Communication Operations SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th European MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 12-15, 2010 CL Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GERMANY SP Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr Stuttgart, Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab HO Univ Stuttgart AB Efficient collective operations are a major component of application scalability. Offload of collective operations onto the network interface reduces many of the latencies that are inherent in network communications and, consequently, reduces the time to perform the collective operation. To support offload, it is desirable to expose semantic building blocks that are simple to offload and yet powerful enough to implement a variety of collective algorithms. This paper presents the implementation of barrier and broadcast leveraging triggered operations a semantic building block for collective offload. Triggered operations are shown to be both semantically powerful and capable of improving performance. C1 [Hemmert, K. Scott; Barrett, Brian] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Underwood, Keith D.] INTEL Corp, Hillsboro, OR USA. RP Hemmert, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kshemme@sandia.gov; bwbarre@sandia.gov; keith.d.underwood@intel.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15645-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6305 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ55 UT WOS:000286166600026 ER PT S AU Albin, DS del Cueto, JA AF Albin, D. S. del Cueto, J. A. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Effect of Hysteresis on Measurements of Thin-Film Cell Performance SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdTe solar cell; transient capacitance; DLTS; transient ion drift; reliability; degradation; voltage-dependent collection ID TRANSIENT ION-DRIFT; SOLAR-CELLS AB Transient or hysteresis effects in polycrystalline thin film CdS/CdTe cells are a function of pre-measurement voltage bias and whether Cu is introduced as an intentional dopant during back contact fabrication. When Cu is added, the current-density (J) vs. voltage (V) measurements performed in a reverse-to-forward voltage direction will yield higher open-circuit voltage (V-oc), up to 10 mV, and smaller short-circuit current density (J(sc)), by up to 2 mA/cm(2), relative to scanning voltage in a forward-to-reverse direction. The variation at the maximum power point, P-max, is however small. The resulting variation in FF can be as large as 3%. When Cu is not added, hysteresis in both V-oc and J(sc) is negligible however P-max hysteresis is considerably greater. This behavior corroborates observed changes in depletion width, W-d, derived from capacitance (C) vs voltage (V) scans. Measured values of W-d are always smaller in reverse-to-forward voltage scans, and conversely, larger in the forward-to-reverse voltage direction. Transient ion drift (TID) measurements performed on Cu-containing cells do not show ionic behavior suggesting that capacitance transients are more likely due to electronic capture-emission processes. J-V curve simulation using Pspice shows that increased transient capacitance during light-soak stress at 100 degrees C correlates with increased space-charge recombination. Voltage-dependent collection however was not observed to increase with stress in these cells. C1 [Albin, D. S.; del Cueto, J. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Denver, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Denver, CO 80401 USA. EM david_albin@nrel.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730N DI 10.1117/12.861175 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600020 ER PT S AU del Cueto, JA Rummel, SR AF del Cueto, J. A. Rummel, S. R. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules Under High Voltage Stress in the Field SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photovoltaic; high-voltage stress; degradation; leakage currents; reliability ID CORROSION AB The degradation in performance for eight photovoltaic (PV) modules stressed at high voltage (HV) is presented. Four types of modules-tandem-junction and triple-junction amorphous thin-film silicon, plus crystalline and polycrystalline silicon modules-were tested, with a pair of each biased at opposite polarities. They were deployed outdoors between 2001 and 2009 with their respective HV leakage currents through the module encapsulation continuously monitored with a data acquisition system, along with air temperature and relative humidity. For the first 5 years, all modules were biased continuously at fixed 600 VDC, day and night. In the last 2 years, the modules were step-bias stressed cyclically up and down in voltage between 10 and 600 VDC, in steps of tens to hundreds of volts. This allowed characterization of leakage current versus voltage under a large range of temperature and moisture conditions, facilitating determination of leakage paths. An analysis of the degradation is presented, along with integrated leakage charge. In HV operation: the bulk silicon modules degraded either insignificantly or at rates of 0.1%/yr higher than modules not biased at HV; for the thin-film silicon modules, the added loss rates are insignificant for one type, or 0.2%/yr-0.6%/yr larger for the other type. C1 [del Cueto, J. A.; Rummel, S. R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joseph.delcueto@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730J DI 10.1117/12.861226 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600018 ER PT S AU Miller, DC Gedvilas, LM To, B Kennedy, CE Kurtz, SR AF Miller, David C. Gedvilas, Lynn M. To, Bobby Kennedy, Cheryl E. Kurtz, Sarah R. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Durability of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Lenses Used in Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fresnel lens; PMMA; accelerated life testing; reliability; durability AB Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technology has recently gained interest based on their expected low levelized cost of electricity, high efficiency, and scalability. Many CPV systems use Fresnel lenses made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to obtain a high optical flux density. The optical and mechanical durability of such components, however, are not well established relative to the desired service life of 30 years. Specific reliability issues may include: reduced optical transmittance, discoloration, hazing, surface erosion, embrittlement, crack growth, physical aging, shape setting (warpage), and soiling. The initial results for contemporary lens-and material-specimens aged cumulatively to 6 months are presented. The study here uses an environmental chamber equipped with a xenon-arc lamp to age specimens at least 8x the nominal field rate. A broad range in the affected characteristics (including optical transmittance, yellowness index, mass loss, and contact angle) has been observed to date, depending on the formulation of PMMA used. The most affected specimens are further examined in terms of their visual appearance, surface roughness (examined via atomic force microscopy), and molecular structure (via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). C1 [Miller, David C.; Gedvilas, Lynn M.; To, Bobby; Kennedy, Cheryl E.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM David.Miller@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 777303 DI 10.1117/12.861096 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600003 ER PT S AU Myers, DR AF Myers, Daryl R. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Comparison of direct normal irradiance derived from silicon and thermopile global hemispherical radiation detectors SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Silicon; Thermopile; Detectors; Solar Radiation; Direct Beam; Accuracy; Uncertainty AB Concentrating solar applications utilize direct normal irradiance (DNI) radiation, a measurement rarely available. The solar concentrator industry has begun to deploy numerous measurement stations to prospect for suitable system deployment sites. Rotating shadowband radiometers (RSR) using silicon photodiodes as detectors are typically deployed. This paper compares direct beam estimates from RSR to a total hemispherical measuring radiometer (SPN1) multiple fast thermopiles. These detectors simultaneously measure total and diffuse radiation from which DNI can be computed. Both the SPN1 and RSR-derived DNI are compared to DNI measured with thermopile pyrheliometers. Our comparison shows that the SPN1 radiometer DNI estimated uncertainty is somewhat greater than, and on the same order as, the RSR DNI estimates for DNI magnitudes useful to concentrator technologies. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730G DI 10.1117/12.859732 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600015 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ To, B Glick, SH Sundaramoorthy, R DeHart, C Glynn, S Perkins, C Mansfield, L Gessert, T AF Pern, F. J. To, B. Glick, S. H. Sundaramoorthy, R. DeHart, C. Glynn, S. Perkins, C. Mansfield, L. Gessert, T. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI VARIATIONS in damp heat-induced degradation behavior of sputtered ZnO window layer for CIGS solar cells SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Al-doped ZnO; bilayer ZnO; intrinsic ZnO; damp heat test; CIGS solar cells; performance reliability ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ZINC-OXIDE; MODULES; STABILITY AB This paper presents our recent observations on variations in properties and damp heat (DH)-induced degradation behavior for single-layer 2% Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and bilayer ZnO (BZO), which comprises 0.1-mu m intrinsic ZnO (i-ZnO) and AZO, deposited on glass substrates using the same sputtering system and essentially identical deposition conditions. BZO films with 0.12-mu m AZO have been used on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) high-efficiency CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) solar cells for years. For the as-deposited BZO films, the most apparent variations appeared in notable peak shift in transmittance and reflectance spectra and ZnO (002) peak intensity and peak position in X-ray diffraction. Location of substrates placed on the substrate holder platform contributed partly to the variations. For the DH-degraded AZO and BZO, earlier films became highly resistive, porous, and 10 similar to 20 X thicker and showed flattened transmittance spectra caused by a loss of free-carrier absorption. However, recent DH-exposed AZO and BZO films also became highly resistive but exhibited only small changes in transmittance spectra, while the columnar grain structure and film thickness remained nearly unchanged without porous features, but with granular particles formed on the surfaces that increased in size with lengthening DH exposure time. C1 [Pern, F. J.; To, B.; Glick, S. H.; Sundaramoorthy, R.; DeHart, C.; Glynn, S.; Perkins, C.; Mansfield, L.; Gessert, T.] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john.pern@nrel.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730R DI 10.1117/12.863078 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600023 ER PT S AU Sengupta, M Heidinger, A Miller, S AF Sengupta, Manajit Heidinger, Andrew Miller, Steven BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Validating an Operational Physical Method to Compute Surface Radiation from Geostationary Satellites SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Global horizontal irradiance; GHI; Direct normal irradiance; DNI; Empirical models; Physical models; Global Solar Insolation Project; GSIP; GOES data ID ALGORITHM; NETWORK AB Models to compute global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) have been in development over the last three decades. These models can be classified as empirical or physical based on the approach. Empirical models relate ground-based observations with satellite measurements and use these relations to compute surface radiation. Physical models consider the physics behind the radiation received at the satellite and create retrievals to estimate surface radiation. While empirical methods have been traditionally used for computing surface radiation for the solar energy industry, the advent of faster computing has made operational physical models viable. The Global Solar Insolation Project (GSIP) is a physical model that computes DNI and GHI using the visible and infrared channel measurements from a weather satellite. GSIP uses a two-stage scheme that first retrieves cloud properties and uses those properties in a radiative transfer model to calculate GHI and DNI. Developed for polar orbiting satellites, GSIP has been adapted to NOAA's Geostationary Operation Environmental Satellite series and can run operationally at high spatial resolutions. This method holds the possibility of creating high quality datasets of GHI and DNI for use by the solar energy industry. We present an outline of the methodology and results from running the model as well as a validation study using ground-based instruments. C1 [Sengupta, Manajit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Manajit.Sengupta@nrel.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730T DI 10.1117/12.861766 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600025 ER PT S AU Stoffel, TL Myers, DR AF Stoffel, Thomas L. Myers, Daryl R. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI Accuracy of Silicon versus Thermopile Radiometers for Daily and Monthly Integrated Total Hemispheric Solar Radiation SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pyranometers; Photodiode Detectors; Thermopile Detectors; Solar Radiation; Global Horizontal Irradiance Measurement Uncertainty; Total Hemispheric Solar Irradiance; Accuracy; Uncertainty AB Measurement stations for solar radiation resource assessment data are expensive and labor intensive. For this reason, long-term solar radiation measurements are not widely available. Growing interest in solar renewable energy systems has generated a great number of questions about the quality of data obtained from inexpensive silicon photodiode radiometers versus costly thermopile radiometers. We analyze a year of daily total and monthly mean global horizontal irradiance measurements derived from 1-minute averages of 3-second samples of pyranometer signals. The data were collected simultaneously from both types of radiometers at the Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) operated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. All broadband radiometers in service at SRRL are calibrated annually using an outdoor method with reference radiometers traceable to the World Radiometric Reference. We summarized the data by daily total and monthly mean daily total amounts of solar radiation. Our results show that systematic and random errors (identified in our outdoor calibration process) in each type of radiometer cancel out over periods of one day or more. Daily total and mean monthly daily total solar energy measured by the two pyranometer types compare within 1% to 2%. The individual daily variations among different models of thermopile radiometers may be up to twice as large, up to +/- 5%, being highest in the winter (higher average solar zenith angle conditions) and lowest in summer, consistent with the lower solar zenith angle conditions. C1 [Stoffel, Thomas L.; Myers, Daryl R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stoffel, TL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 777314 DI 10.1117/12.859743 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600034 ER PT S AU Sundaramoorthy, R Pern, FJ Gessert, T AF Sundaramoorthy, R. Pern, F. J. Gessert, T. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, K TI PRELIMINARY damp-heat stability studies of encapsulated CIGS solar cells SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems III CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CIGS solar cells; reliability; Al-doped ZnO; bi-layer ZnO; damp heat; degradation; backsheets; edge sealant; water vapor transmission rate; encapsulation; Damp Heat ID MODULE AB We observed a large variation in the damp heat (DH) durability of many of the unencapsulated CIGS devices fabricated at NREL. Some devices failed within the first few hours of DH exposure; others failed within a few hundred hours while some lasted for 1000 h. The initial degradation often showed a 50% decrease in efficiency in the first few hundred hours; The premature device failures often correspond to the degradation of the ZnO window layer, the peeling of molybdenum (Mo) from the soda-lime glass (SLG), or both. Repeated J-V measurements lead to significant damage of the contact pads, which provide additional path for moisture ingress. To better understand the onset of degradation and the cause of initial decrease in performance and to minimize the damage caused to the contact pads, we designed an encapsulation scheme to control the moisture ingress by laminating the CIGS devices with a combination of different backsheets having different water vapor transmission rates. The encapsulation provided external contacts which solved the damage caused to the pads. This approach facilitates a way to slow down DH-induced degradation of the CIGS device for a more detailed study. C1 [Sundaramoorthy, R.; Pern, F. J.; Gessert, T.] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sundaramoorthy, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8269-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7773 AR 77730Q DI 10.1117/12.863076 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BSU92 UT WOS:000285842600022 ER PT S AU Phinney, LM Spletzer, MA Baker, MS Serrano, JR AF Phinney, Leslie M. Spletzer, Matthew A. Baker, Michael S. Serrano, Justin R. BE Kullberg, RC Ramesham, R TI Thermal microactuator performance as a function of mechanical stress SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS AND NANODEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and Nanodevices IX CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Thermal microactuator; mechanical stress effects; MEMS packaging; four-point bending stage ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MEMS AB We report on the effects of mechanical stress on thermal microactuator performance. Packaging processes such as die attach and lid sealing usually result in stresses on the die containing microsystems devices. While this phenomenon is known, quantifying the effects systematically is difficult due to challenges in controlling the resultant stress resulting from packaging. In this study, we use a four-point bending stage to apply loads of 12 lbf (53.4 N) in tension and compression to 11.5 mm by 2.9 mm samples. Thermal microactuators and stress gauges were fabricated using the Sandia 5-layer SUMMiT surface micromaching process and diced to fit in the bending stage. At each stress level, the vernier scales on the thermal microactuator were imaged in order to determine the displacements. Thermal microactuator displacements are reported as a function of applied current up to 35 mA at varying stress levels. Increasing tensile stress decreases the initial displacement and flattens the thermal microactuator displacement versus applied current curve. Raman spectroscopy and stress gauge measurements indicate that the stress range for the four-point bending stage experiments extends from 200 MPa tensile to -250 MPa compressive. Numerical model predictions of thermal microactuator displacement versus current are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. Quantitative information on the reduction in thermal microactuator performance as a function of stress provides validation data for MEMS models and can guide future designs so that they will be more robust to stresses resulting from packaging processes. C1 [Phinney, Leslie M.; Spletzer, Matthew A.; Baker, Michael S.; Serrano, Justin R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmphinn@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7988-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7592 AR 75920V DI 10.1117/12.846370 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BRW60 UT WOS:000283797400030 ER PT S AU Tanner, DM Olsson, RH Parson, TB Crouch, SM Walraven, JA Ohlhausen, JA AF Tanner, Danelle M. Olsson, Roy H., III Parson, Ted B. Crouch, Shannon M. Walraven, Jeremy A. Ohlhausen, James A. BE Kullberg, RC Ramesham, R TI Stability Experiments on MEMS Aluminum Nitride RF Resonators SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS AND NANODEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and Nanodevices IX CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS RF Resonators; MEMS Reliability; Resonator Stability AB We report on long-term stability experiments on a novel MEMS radio frequency (RF) resonator fabricated in Aluminum Nitride technology. The AlN fabrication process allows for the realization of resonators, filters, and resonant sensors operating over the frequency range from 500 kHz to in excess of 10 GHz using CMOS compatible materials. The 100 MHz resonators used in these experiments were a ring design with 140-micron outer diameter and 100-micron inner diameter. Electrodes on the top and bottom of this AlN ring enable measurement of resonance. Wafer sections were stored in air and vacuum and tested daily. We observed a steady degradation in the resonant frequency (600 ppm over the 800 hours) for the devices stored in a vacuum. Small degradation was observed in the air experiment (50 ppm over 1200 hours). Failure analysis using secondary emission microscopy (SEM) revealed no differences between control devices and devices on test. However, subsequent investigation of blank wafer sections by Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) found small levels of silicone surface contamination from vacuum chamber exposure. This contamination added enough mass to shift the resonant frequency. These experiments demonstrate the need for clean environments for future wafer-level testing and also packaging for these small-mass resonators. C1 [Tanner, Danelle M.; Olsson, Roy H., III; Parson, Ted B.; Crouch, Shannon M.; Walraven, Jeremy A.; Ohlhausen, James A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanner, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1069, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tannerdm@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7988-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7592 AR 759209 DI 10.1117/12.846551 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BRW60 UT WOS:000283797400008 ER PT J AU Huang, D Liu, YA Wiscombe, W AF Huang, Dong Liu, Yangang Wiscombe, Warren TI Replacing pixel representations by point-function schemes for reducing discretization error in ill-posed remote sensing problems, with examples from cloud tomography SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGULARIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION; RETRIEVAL AB Because of their simplicity and low computational cost, discretizations based on pixels have held sway in remote sensing since its inception. Yet functional representations are clearly superior in many applications, for example when combining retrievals from dissimilar remote sensing instruments. Using cloud tomography as an example, this letter shows that a point-function discretization scheme based on linear interpolation can reduce retrieval error of cloud water content up to 40% compared to a conventional pixel scheme. This improvement is particularly marked because cloud tomography, like the vast majority of remote sensing problems, is ill-posed and thus a small inaccuracy in the formulation of the retrieval problem, such as discretization error, can cause a large error in the retrievals. C1 [Huang, Dong; Liu, Yangang; Wiscombe, Warren] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dhuang@bnl.gov RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014; Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922; FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research is supported by the DOE Atmosphere Radiation Measurement program under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Dr. Robert McGraw for insightful discussions on this research. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1080/01431160903140779 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CC UT WOS:000292872000004 ER PT S AU Kassianov, E Barnard, J Berg, LK Flynn, C Long, C AF Kassianov, Evgueni Barnard, James Berg, Larry K. Flynn, Connor Long, Charles BE Picard, RH Schafer, K Comeron, A TI Retrieval of Intensive Aerosol Properties from MFRSR observations: Partly Cloudy Cases SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XV CY SEP 21-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Aerosol optical properties; cumulus clouds; multi-spectral surface irradiance; in situ observations ID CLEAR SKIES; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; ALBEDO; SITE AB An approach for the obtaining column intensive aerosol properties, namely the single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASP), from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) spectral observations under partly cloudy conditions is described. The approach involves the MFRSR-based aerosol retrieval for clear-sky periods and an interpolation of the retrieved column aerosol properties for cloudy periods. The observed weak diurnal variability of SSA and ASP at the surface and the close association of the surface intensive aerosol properties with their column counterparts form the basis of such interpolation. The approach is evaluated by calculating the corresponding clear-sky total, direct and diffuse fluxes at five wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673 and 870 nm) and compare them with the observed fluxes. The aerosol properties provided by this approach are applied for (i) an examination of the statistical relationship between spectral (visible range) and broadband values of the total normalized cloud radiative forcing and (ii) an estimation of the fractional sky cover. Data collected during 13 days with single-layer cumulus clouds observed at U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site during summer 2007 are applied to illustrate the performance and application of this approach. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Barnard, James; Berg, Larry K.; Flynn, Connor; Long, Charles] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8344-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7827 AR 78270Q DI 10.1117/12.865761 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ26 UT WOS:000287757200021 ER PT S AU Yeh, HC Sharma, J Yoo, H Martinez, JS Werner, JH AF Yeh, Hsin-Chih Sharma, Jaswinder Yoo, Hyojong Martinez, Jennifer S. Werner, James H. BE Achilefu, S Raghavachari, R TI Photophysical characterization of fluorescent metal nanoclusters synthesized using oligonucleotides, proteins and small molecule ligands SO REPORTERS, MARKERS, DYES, NANOPARTICLES, AND MOLECULAR PROBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reporters, Markers, Dyes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Probes for Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE fluorescent metal nanoclusters; photophysical properties ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER NANOCLUSTERS; GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; CLUSTERS; FLUOROPHORES; CY5 AB The size transition from bulk conducting metals to insulating nanoparticles and eventually to single atoms passes through the relatively unexplored few-atom nanocluster region. With dimensions close to the Fermi wavelength, these nanoclusters demonstrate molecule-like properties distinct from bulk metals or atoms, such as discrete and size-tunable electronic transitions which lead to photoluminescence. Current research aims to elucidate the fundamental photophysical properties of metal nanoclusters made by different means and based on different encapsulation agents. Here, we report the study of the photophysical properties, including quantum yields, lifetimes, extinction coefficients, blinking dynamics and sizes, of silver and gold nanoclusters synthesized using oligonucleotides, a protein (bovine serum albumin) and a Good's buffer molecule (MES, 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid) as encapsulation agents. We also investigate the change of photoluminescence as a function of temperature. Furthermore, we show that the fluorescent metal clusters can be used as a donor in forming a resonance energy transfer pair with a commercial organic quencher. These new fluorophores have great potential as versatile tools for a broad range of applications in biological and chemical detection. C1 [Yeh, Hsin-Chih; Sharma, Jaswinder; Yoo, Hyojong; Martinez, Jennifer S.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yeh, HC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hyeh@lanl.gov; jwerner@lanl.gov OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7972-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7576 AR 75760N DI 10.1117/12.842192 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSS16 UT WOS:000285580600017 ER PT J AU Burkardt, M Miller, CA Nowak, WD AF Burkardt, M. Miller, C. A. Nowak, W-D TI Spin-polarized high-energy scattering of charged leptons on nucleons SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; TO-LEADING ORDER; HARD EXCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION; ODD DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(X); PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; IMPROVED LATTICE ACTION; MUON-PROTON-SCATTERING AB The proton is a composite object with spin one-half, understood to contain highly relativistic spin one-half quarks exchanging spin-one gluons,each possibly with significant orbital angular momenta. While their fundamental interactions are well described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), our standard theory of the strong interaction, non-perturbative calculations of the internal structure of the proton based directly on QCD are beginning to provide reliable results. Most of our present knowledge of the structure of the proton is based on experimental measurements interpreted within the rich framework of QCD. An area presently attracting intense interest, both experimental and theoretical, is the relationship between the spin of the proton and the spins and orbital angular momenta of its constituents. While remarkable progress has been made, especially in the last decade, the discovery and investigation of new concepts have revealed that much more remains to be learned. This progress is reviewed and an outlook for the future is offered. C1 [Miller, C. A.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Nowak, W-D] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Burkardt, M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Burkardt, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkardt@nmsu.edu; miller@triumf.ca; Wolf-Dieter.Nowak@desy.de FU DOE [DE-FG03-95ER40965, DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX The authors would like to warmly thank Markus Diehl, Klaus Rith and Werner Vogelsang for reading and providing a critique of a draft of this paper. The authors appreciate their helpful advice and comments, as well as those of Bob Jaffe and Christian Weiss. The authors are thankful to Eduard Avetisyan and Michael Engelhardt for technical help, and to Ulrike Elschenbroich for figures 2 and 3. MB was supported by the DOE under grant numbers DE-FG03-95ER40965 and DE-AC05-06OR23177 (under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates Jefferson Lab). NR 254 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1 AR 016201 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/73/1/016201 PG 54 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 546JM UT WOS:000273807100004 ER PT J AU Donepudi, VR Cesareo, R Brunetti, A Zhong, Z Yuasa, T Akatsuka, T Takeda, T Gigante, GE AF Donepudi, V. Rao Cesareo, Roberto Brunetti, Antonio Zhong, Zhong Yuasa, Tetsuya Akatsuka, Takao Takeda, Tohoru Gigante, Giovanni E. TI Cork Embedded Internal Features and Contrast Mechanisms with Dei Using 18, 20, 30, 36, and 40keV Synchrotron X-Rays SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE biological material; biology; cork; soft-matter; synchrotron X-rays; visualization; wine ID MULTIPLE-IMAGE RADIOGRAPHY; SOFT-TISSUE; DIFFRACTION; REFRACTION; IMPLEMENTATION; CARTILAGE; MODEL AB Images of the cork used for wine and other bottles are visualized with the use of diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) technique. Present experimental studies allowed us to identify the cracks, holes, porosity, and importance of soft-matter (soft-material) and associated biology by visualization of the embedded internal complex features of the biological material such as cork and its microstructure. Highlighted the contrast mechanisms above and below the K-absorption edge of iodine and studied the attenuation through a combination of weakly and strongly attenuating materials. C1 [Donepudi, V. Rao; Cesareo, Roberto; Brunetti, Antonio] Univ Sassari, Ist Matemat & Fis, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Zhong, Zhong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuasa, Tetsuya; Akatsuka, Takao] Yamagata Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Biosyst Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992, Japan. [Takeda, Tohoru] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Clin Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Gigante, Giovanni E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Fis, Rome, Italy. RP Donepudi, VR (reprint author), Sir CRR Autonomous Coll, Dept Phys, Elura 534007, AP, India. EM donepudi_venkateswararao@rediffmail.com RI brunetti, antonio/F-3370-2011; Yuasa, Tetsuya/F-5006-2013; OI brunetti, antonio/0000-0002-0116-1899; Gigante, Giovanni Ettore/0000-0001-5943-9366 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 171 EP 183 AR PII 925074936 DI 10.1080/09349847.2010.493990 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 634XO UT WOS:000280619700003 ER PT B AU Kossecka, E Kosny, J AF Kossecka, E. Kosny, J. BE Gawin, D Kisilewicz, T TI Thermal balance of a wall with PCM-enhanced thermal insulation SO RESEARCH ON BUILDING PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Central European Symposium on Building Physics CY SEP 13-15, 2010 CL Cracow Univ Technol, Cracow, POLAND SP Tech Univ Lodz HO Cracow Univ Technol ID SIMULATION AB PCM insulation mixtures function as lightweight thermal mass components. It is expected that these types of dynamic insulation systems will contribute to the objective of reducing energy use in buildings. In this paper, dynamic thermal properties of a material in which phase change occurs are analyzed, using the temperature-dependent specific heat model. Integral formula for the total heat flow in finite time interval, across the surface of a slab of the phase change material, was derived. Simulations have been performed to analyze heat transfer through a light-weight wall assembly with PCM-enhanced insulation, in different external climate thermal conditions. Results of simulations indicate that for cyclic processes, the effect of PCM in an insulation layer results rather in time shifting of the heat flux extreme values than in reduction of the total heat flow. The heat gains maxima, resulting in high cooling loads, are shifted in time by about two hours and reduced about 15% to 30% for not very high external sol-air temperatures. C1 [Kossecka, E.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw, Poland. [Kosny, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg & Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kossecka, E (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw, Poland. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNICAL UNIV LODZ PI LODZ PA DEPT MICROELECTRONICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, AL POLITECHNIKI 11, LODZ, 90-924, POLAND BN 978-83-7283-367-9 PY 2010 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Physics GA BG9RX UT WOS:000393718800038 ER PT B AU Kosny, J Yarbrough, D Miller, W Shrestha, S Kossecka, E Lee, E AF Kosny, J. Yarbrough, D. Miller, W. Shrestha, S. Kossecka, E. Lee, Edwin BE Gawin, D Kisilewicz, T TI Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Building Envelopes Containing Blown Fiberglass Insulation Thermally Enhanced with Envelopes Change Material (PCM) SO RESEARCH ON BUILDING PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Central European Symposium on Building Physics CY SEP 13-15, 2010 CL Cracow Univ Technol, Cracow, POLAND SP Tech Univ Lodz HO Cracow Univ Technol AB Different types of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been tested as dynamic components in buildings for at least 4 decades. Most of historical studies have found that PCMs enhance building energy performance. The PCMs store energy and alter the temperature gradient through the insulated cavity because they remain at a nearly constant temperature during the melting and solidifying stages. The use of organic PCMs to enhance the performance of thermal insulation in the building envelope was studied at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory during 2000-2009. PCMs reduce heat flow across an insulated region by absorbing and desorbing heat (charging and discharging) in response to ambient temperature cycles. The amount of heat that can be stored in PCMs is directly related to the heat of fusion of the material, which is between 116 J/g to 163 J/g (or 50 to 70 Btu/lb) for the most-popular microencapsulated paraffinic PCMs, or fatty acid materials used in this research. This paper presents experimental and numerical results from the long-term thermal performance study focused on blown fiber glass insulation modified with a novel spray-applied microencapsulated PCM. Experimental results are reported for both laboratory-scale and full-size building elements tested in the field. Test work was followed by detailed whole building Energy Plus simulations in order to generate energy performance data for different US climates. C1 [Kosny, J.; Yarbrough, D.; Miller, W.; Shrestha, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Kossecka, E.] Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, Poland. [Lee, Edwin] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNICAL UNIV LODZ PI LODZ PA DEPT MICROELECTRONICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, AL POLITECHNIKI 11, LODZ, 90-924, POLAND BN 978-83-7283-367-9 PY 2010 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Physics GA BG9RX UT WOS:000393718800039 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Review of Closure Plans for the Baseline Incineration Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities Introduction SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100002 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Review of Closure Plans for the Baseline Incineration Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities Preface SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100001 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Overall Closure Planning for Baseline Facilities SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 10 EP 20 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100003 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Important Parameters for Successful Closure SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100004 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Management Systems: Lessons Learned Process and the eRoom Tool SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100005 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Regulatory Requirements Affecting Closure SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 35 EP 48 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100006 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Monitoring and Analytical Issues SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID O-ETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE; CONTAINING PRODUCTS; DEGRADATION; SOIL C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 49 EP 59 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100007 ER PT J AU Lederman, PB Groenewold, GS Grubbe, DL Howell, JR Kimmell, TA Philipose, KE Phillips, LT Reible, DD Short, WL Siegel, LM Skiven, DA Telford, SA Washington, LJ AF Lederman, Peter B. Groenewold, Gary S. Grubbe, Deborah L. Howell, John R. Kimmell, Todd A. Philipose, Kalithil E. Phillips, Louis T. Reible, Danny D. Short, W. Leigh Siegel, Leonard M. Skiven, David A. Telford, Sheryl A. Washington, Lawrence J. CA Comm Review Assess Closure Plans T GP Natl Res Council, Comm Review & Assess Closure Plans Tooele Chem Agent Facil Natl Res Council, Board Army Sci & Technol, Div Engn & Phys Sci TI Discussion of Hydrolysis Reactions of GB, VX, and H SO REVIEW OF CLOSURE PLANS FOR THE BASELINE INCINERATION CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID O-ETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NERVE AGENT; CONCRETE; KINETICS; SOIL C1 [Lederman, Peter B.] Hazardous Subst Management Res Ctr, New Providence, NJ USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Grubbe, Deborah L.] Operat & Safety Solut LLC, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Howell, John R.; Reible, Danny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kimmell, Todd A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, US Dept Energys, Washington, DC USA. [Philipose, Kalithil E.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0S4, Canada. [Phillips, Louis T.] Resource PM, Chadds Ford, PA USA. [Short, W. Leigh] Woodward Clyde & Associates, Williamstown, MA USA. [Siegel, Leonard M.] Ctr Publ Environm Oversight, Mountain View, CA USA. [Skiven, David A.] Gen Motors Corp, Worldwide Facil, Brighton, MI USA. [Telford, Sheryl A.] DuPont Corp Remediat Grp Director, Wilmington, DE USA. [Washington, Lawrence J.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15858-9 PY 2010 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD8HG UT WOS:000363932100008 ER PT S AU Sun, JG AF Sun, J. G. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BASED ON ONE- AND TWO-SIDED THERMAL IMAGING METHODS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Thermal Conductivity; Thermal Barrier Coating; Thermal Imaging AB The thermal conductivity of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is normally measured using laser flash method, which is a two-sided thermal imaging method. Because laser flash cannot be used for TBCs applied on real components, one-sided thermal imaging method is being developed for potential nondestructive inspection and monitoring of TBC conditions during service. One such method is a multilayer thermal modeling method developed at Argonne National Laboratory. In this study, these methods are reviewed and their capability for conductivity measurement for two-layer TBC material is analyzed based on theoretical analyses. In particular, it is identified that only one TBC property, the conductivity, can be determined by two-sided methods, while two TBC properties, conductivity and heat capacity, can be determined by one-sided method. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1063/1.3362429 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500054 ER PT S AU Gopalsami, N Heifetz, A Chien, HT Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N. Heifetz, A. Chien, H. T. Raptis, A. C. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI TERAHERTZ SUBWAVELENGTH STRUCTURES FOR SENSING AND NDE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Terahertz; Surface Plasmons; FDTD; Spectroscopy and Imaging; Chemical Detection; Biological Detection ID TRANSMISSION; SLIT AB The ability to control and concentrate electromagnetic (EM) energy in length scales much smaller than the excitation wavelength opens up new opportunities for sensing and NDE. Ordinarily EM wave transmission through such structures becomes infinitesimally small as the slit opening becomes much smaller than the wavelength; however, extraordinary transmission through these structures has been observed by researchers, which is believed to be due to surface plasmonic effect. We have investigated THz subwavelength slit structures for sensing and NDE. In a deep slit structure with subwavelength width, not only are the waves transmitted through, but also are found to be resonating because of the reflections caused by the impedance mismatch at the open ends. As a result, this structure can sense the dielectric properties of materials, which may be in gas, liquid, or solid forms, with high sensitivity and selectivity depending on the quality factor of the cavity resonance. Subwavelength aperture allows for near field imaging of materials with spatial resolution below the Abbe diffraction limit. To understand the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through subwavelength structures, we have performed a computational analysis of the EM fields with finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Simulated responses were compared with swept-frequency cw THz waves (230-300 GHz) in straight and stepped cavities with 50 pm slits on both ends and increased width in the middle. FDTD modeling of straight slits indicated Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonance peaks with low quality factor. We modified the slit to form a stepped cavity which increased the quality factor because of increased reflection coefficient at the slit ends. We fabricated straight and stepped cavities and tested with THz radiation in the 250-300 GHz range. The stepped cavity appears to have desirable features for sensing: good transmissivity, high-Q F-P resonance, compactness, and ruggedness. C1 [Gopalsami, N.; Heifetz, A.; Chien, H. T.; Raptis, A. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1063/1.3362443 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500067 ER PT S AU Schmidt, KF Little, JR Ellingson, WA Green, W AF Schmidt, K. F., Jr. Little, J. R., Jr. Ellingson, W. A. Green, W. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI OPTIMIZING A PORTABLE MICROWAVE INTERFERENCE SCANNING SYSTEM FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MULTI-LAYERED DIELECTRIC MATERIALS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Microwave; NDT; Ceramics; Composites; Armor AB The projected microwave energy pattern, wave guide geometry, positioning methods and process variables have been optimized for use of a portable, non-contact, lap-top computer-controlled microwave interference scanning system on multi-layered dielectric materials. The system can be used in situ with one-sided access and has demonstrated capability of damage detection on composite ceramic armor. Specimens used for validation included specially fabricated surrogates, and ballistic impact-damaged specimens. Microwave data results were corroborated with high resolution direct-digital x-ray imaging. Microwave interference scanning detects cracks, laminar features and material properties variations. This paper presents the details of the system, the optimization steps and discusses results obtained. C1 [Schmidt, K. F., Jr.; Little, J. R., Jr.] Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Ellingson, W. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Green, W.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Schmidt, KF (reprint author), Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA USA. FU US Army RDECOM ARL; US Army RDECOM TARDEC FX This work is supported by the US Army RDECOM ARL and US Army RDECOM TARDEC whose staffs insight and technical contribution is much appreciated NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1249 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362209 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501021 ER PT S AU Doctor, SR Bond, LJ Cumblidge, SE Bruemmer, SM Taylor, WB Carpenter, CE Hull, AB Malik, SN AF Doctor, S. R. Bond, L. J. Cumblidge, S. E. Bruemmer, S. M. Taylor, W. B. Carpenter, C. E. Hull, A. B. Malik, S. N. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI AGING MANAGEMENT USING PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF MATERIALS DEGRADATION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Nuclear Power Plants; Light Water Reactors; Materials Aging; Prognostics; Diagnostics; Proactive Management of Materials Degradation; Nondestructive Evaluation; In-service Inspection AB The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has undertaken a program to lay the technical foundations for defining proactive actions to manage degradation of materials in light water reactors. The current focus is existing plants; however, if applied to new construction, there is potential to better monitor and manage plants throughout their life cycle. This paper discusses the NRC's Proactive Management of Materials Degradation program and its application to nuclear power plant structures, systems, and components. C1 [Doctor, S. R.; Bond, L. J.; Cumblidge, S. E.; Bruemmer, S. M.; Taylor, W. B.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Carpenter, C. E.; Hull, A. B.; Malik, S. N.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Doctor, SR (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. NRC FX The work described in this paper was supported by the U.S. NRC and performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. 1882 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 1876 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362326 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501100 ER PT J AU Bruhns, H Kreckel, H Miller, K Lestinsky, M Seredyuk, B Mitthumsiri, W Schmitt, BL Schnell, M Urbain, X Rappaport, ML Havener, CC Savin, DW AF Bruhns, H. Kreckel, H. Miller, K. Lestinsky, M. Seredyuk, B. Mitthumsiri, W. Schmitt, B. L. Schnell, M. Urbain, X. Rappaport, M. L. Havener, C. C. Savin, D. W. TI A novel merged beams apparatus to study anion-neutral reactions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE association; atom-ion reactions; electron detachment; hydrogen ions; hydrogen neutral atoms; negative ions ID HEMISPHERICAL DEFLECTOR ANALYZER; QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; ASSOCIATIVE DETACHMENT; ASTRONOMICAL DETECTION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; LOW-ENERGY; PLASMAS; IONIZATION AB We have developed a novel laboratory instrument for studying gas phase, anion-neutral chemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such apparatus which uses fast merged beams to investigate anion-neutral chemical reactions. As proof-of-principle we have detected the associative detachment reaction H-+H -> H-2+e(-). Here we describe the apparatus in detail and discuss related technical and experimental issues. C1 [Bruhns, H.; Kreckel, H.; Miller, K.; Lestinsky, M.; Seredyuk, B.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Schmitt, B. L.; Schnell, M.; Savin, D. W.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Urbain, X.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Phys, PAMO, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Rappaport, M. L.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Havener, C. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bruhns, H (reprint author), INFICON GmbH, D-50968 Cologne, Germany. RI Kreckel, Holger/F-4969-2010; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 FU NSF [CHE-0520660, AST-0807436]; German Academic Exchange Service DAAD; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX We thank M. Bannister, A. Chutjian, A. M. Covington, A. Dorn, O. Heber, A. Muller, H. B. Pedersen, S. Schippers, C. D. Schroter, and A. Wolf, for stimulating discussions. We also thank D. Thomas for his excellent machining skills and support. D. W. S. especially thanks M. Mauel for his early support which made it possible to write the initial grant that funded this research. Work at Columbia University was supported in part by the NSF Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities: Instrument Development (CRIF:ID) (Grant No. CHE-0520660) and the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics (Grant No. AST-0807436). H. B. was also supported in part by the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD. X. U. is Senior Research Associate of the F.R.S.-FNRS. C. C. H. is supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE, (Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725) with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 013112 DI 10.1063/1.3280227 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551BG UT WOS:000274179800012 PM 20113086 ER PT J AU Escobedo, JP Field, DP LeBlanc, MM Florando, JN Lassila, DH AF Escobedo, J. P. Field, D. P. LeBlanc, M. M. Florando, J. N. Lassila, D. H. TI The trianvil test apparatus: Measurement of shear strength under pressure SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE high-pressure effects; materials testing; shear strength; tantalum ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; FLOW-STRESS; METALS AB An experimental apparatus has been developed for performing shear tests on specimens held under moderately high hydrostatic pressures (up to the order of 10 GPa). This testing procedure experimentally determines the pressure dependent shear strength of thin foil specimens. This information is necessary for models of materials subjected to extreme pressures and can assist in model validation for models such as discrete dislocation dynamics simulations, among others. This paper reports the development of the experimental procedures and the results of initial experiments on thin foils of polycrystalline Ta performed under hydrostatic pressures ranging from 2 to 4 GPa. Subsequent characterization of the samples held under pressure established that the procedure described herein represents a reliable method to impose nearly uniform hydrostatic pressure on thin foil specimens. Both yielding and hardening behavior of Ta are observed to be sensitive to the imposed pressure. C1 [Escobedo, J. P.; Field, D. P.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [LeBlanc, M. M.; Florando, J. N.; Lassila, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Escobedo, JP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RI Escobedo, Juan/J-9077-2012; Field, David/D-5216-2012; OI Field, David/0000-0001-9415-0795; Escobedo-Diaz, Juan/0000-0003-2413-7119 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Financial support from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is greatly appreciated. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 013908 DI 10.1063/1.3294426 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551BG UT WOS:000274179800040 PM 20113114 ER PT J AU Khalid, S Caliebe, W Siddons, P So, I Clay, B Lenhard, T Hanson, J Wang, Q Frenkel, AI Marinkovic, N Hould, N Ginder-Vogel, M Landrot, GL Sparks, DL Ganjoo, A AF Khalid, S. Caliebe, W. Siddons, P. So, I. Clay, B. Lenhard, T. Hanson, J. Wang, Q. Frenkel, A. I. Marinkovic, N. Hould, N. Ginder-Vogel, M. Landrot, G. L. Sparks, D. L. Ganjoo, A. TI Quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure instrument with millisecond time scale, optimized for in situ applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; XANES ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; PIEZO-QEXAFS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXAFS; MONOCHROMATOR; CATALYSTS; BEAMLINE; SPECTRA; SECONDS AB In order to learn about in situ structural changes in materials at subseconds time scale, we have further refined the techniques of quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure (QEXAFS) and quick x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies at beamline X18B at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The channel cut Si (111) monochromator oscillation is driven through a tangential arm at 5 Hz, using a cam, dc motor, pulley, and belt system. The rubber belt between the motor and the cam damps the mechanical noise. EXAFS scan taken in 100 ms is comparable to standard data. The angle and the angular range of the monochromator can be changed to collect a full EXAFS or XANES spectrum in the energy range 4.7-40.0 KeV. The data are recorded in ascending and descending order of energy, on the fly, without any loss of beam time. The QEXAFS mechanical system is outside the vacuum system, and therefore changing the mode of operation from conventional to QEXAFS takes only a few minutes. This instrument allows the acquisition of time resolved data in a variety of systems relevant to electrochemical, photochemical, catalytic, materials, and environmental sciences. C1 [Khalid, S.; Siddons, P.; So, I.; Clay, B.; Lenhard, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Caliebe, W.] HASYLAB, Hamburg, Germany. [Hanson, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Q.; Frenkel, A. I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Marinkovic, N.; Hould, N.; Ginder-Vogel, M.; Landrot, G. L.; Sparks, D. L.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ganjoo, A.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Khalid, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016; Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453; FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium; U.S. DOE [DE-FG0205ER15688, DE-FG02-03ER15476] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beamline X18B is supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG0205ER15688. A. I. F and Q. W gratefully acknowledge the support by the U. S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15476. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 015105 DI 10.1063/1.3276679 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551BG UT WOS:000274179800053 PM 20113127 ER PT J AU Mysak, ER Starr, DE Wilson, KR Bluhm, H AF Mysak, Erin R. Starr, David E. Wilson, Kevin R. Bluhm, Hendrik TI Note: A combined aerodynamic lens/ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiment for the on-stream investigation of aerosol surfaces SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; particle size; photoelectron spectroscopy; surface chemistry; surface composition; X-ray photoelectron spectra; X-ray spectroscopy ID GENERATING PARTICLE BEAMS; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; AMBIENT-PRESSURE; CLUSTERS; DIVERGENCE; INTERFACES; METHANOL; LENSES; MOTION AB We discuss a new approach for the measurement of the surfaces of free aerosol particles with diameters from 50 to 1000 nm. Particles in this size range have significant influence on the heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere and affect human health. Interfacing an aerodynamic lens to an ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectrometer permits measurement of the surface chemical composition of unsupported aerosol particles in real time. We discuss the basic considerations for the design of such an instrument, its current limitations and potentials for improvement. Results from a proof-of-principle experiment on silicon oxide particles with average diameters of 270 nm are shown. C1 [Mysak, Erin R.; Starr, David E.; Wilson, Kevin R.; Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krwilson@lbl.gov; hbluhm@lbl.gov FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231] FX This work was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development project through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The ALS and the MES beamline 11.0.2 are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences and Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 016106 DI 10.1063/1.3276714 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551BG UT WOS:000274179800063 PM 20113137 ER PT J AU Parker, GR Asay, BW Dickson, PM AF Parker, Gary R. Asay, Blaine W. Dickson, Peter M. TI Note: A technique to capture and compose streak images of explosive events with unpredictable timing SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE explosives; image processing; streak cameras; streak photography; video cameras ID DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION; TRANSITION AB The authors describe a method to capture optical data and construct digitized streak images for analysis of high-speed phenomena with unpredictable timing by using a high-speed video camera and software routines. Advances in high-speed video camera technology have led to development of cameras with frame rates (1x10(6) frames per second) and spatial resolution (1280x800 pixels) suitable to capture fast phenomena, such as detonation in high explosives (< 10 km s(-1)), on small enough scales to be convenient for laboratory experiments. Further, relatively long-duration recordings (>= 1 s) are maintained in a rolling buffer in volatile memory allowing the entire frame sequence to be recorded pretrigger, thus obviating the need for precisely located diagnostic triggers. The method described was used to capture the progression of luminous reaction during the deflagration-to-detonation transition of the HMX-based (octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine) plastic bonded explosive (PBX) formulation during cookoff. C1 [Parker, Gary R.; Asay, Blaine W.; Dickson, Peter M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87025 USA. RP Parker, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87025 USA. EM gparker@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory's HE Science Program; LANS, LLC; U.S. DOE/NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Dan Hooks, for funding this work through Los Alamos National Laboratory's HE Science Program. Los Almos National Laboratory is managed by LANS, LLC. on behalf of the U.S. DOE/NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We extend our appreciation to Dr. Bryce Tappan for use of the camera. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 016109 DI 10.1063/1.3284517 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 551BG UT WOS:000274179800066 PM 20113140 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Nestler, JM Johnson, GE Goodwin, RA AF Smith, David L. Nestler, John M. Johnson, Gary E. Goodwin, R. Andrew TI Species-Specific Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Emigrating Juvenile Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmon; Columbia River; dams; emigration; behavior ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CUTTHROAT TROUT AB The vertical and horizontal distribution of juvenile salmonid migrants on approach to the dams influences bypass success in rivers. Accordingly, fish distributions have been studied for nearly three decades. These studies, however, have not been integrated and summarized in a single body of work to determine overall patterns in the spatial distribution of emigrants. We reviewed peer-reviewed and gray literature to summarize species-specific trends in the horizontal and vertical distributions of emigrating salmonids as measured by several different methods. We found that there were no species-specific differences in horizontal distributions and that fish were often oriented with the river thalweg. There were weak differences between species in vertical distributions, e.g., juvenile yearling steelhead were shallower during the day than yearling Chinook salmon. For sockeye, coho, and subyearling Chinook salmon, the data were limited or conflicting. Studies were purposefully designed to measure distributions at certain dams under particular environmental conditions for specific, local purposes. The non-standard sampling design has hampered the development of testable hypothesis on fish distributions in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Recent advances in individual-based models are offering the potential to forecast fish distributions near dams and facilitate improved bypass system design. C1 [Smith, David L.] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Nestler, John M.] USA, Environm Modeling & Syst Wide Assessment Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD IV Z, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Portland, OR USA. [Goodwin, R. Andrew] USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CENWP EC HD, Portland, OR USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD EP W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM David.L.Smith@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Engineer Districts Walla Walla and Portland; Grant County Public Utility District; System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers research and development initiative FX The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Engineer Districts Walla Walla and Portland, the Grant County Public Utility District, and the System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP), a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers research and development initiative. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Richard Zabel during manuscript preparation. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this paper. NR 174 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 40 EP 64 AR PII 917640225 DI 10.1080/10641260903304487 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 596BG UT WOS:000277657700004 ER PT S AU Chao, AW Chou, WR AF Chao, Alexander W. Chou, Weiren BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology Volume 3 Editorial Preface SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3: ACCELERATORS AS PHOTON SOURCES SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Chao, Alexander W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chou, Weiren] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chao, AW (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM achao@slac.stanford.edu; chou@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-434-039-7; 978-981-434-038-0 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2010 VL 3 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1142/S1793626810000476 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BE2SK UT WOS:000369970600001 ER PT S AU Stupakov, G AF Stupakov, G. BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Electromagnetic Radiation in Accelerator Physics SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3: ACCELERATORS AS PHOTON SOURCES SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Synchrotron radiation; undulator; parabolic equation; diffraction; coherent radiation; radiative reaction force ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRONS; CIRCLE; ARC; IMPEDANCE; LASER AB This article reviews some fundamental concepts and presents several recent techniques used for calculation of radiation in various environments. They include properties of longitudinal and transverse formation lengths of radiation, usage of the parabolic equation and the Kirchhoff diffraction integral in radiation, coherent radiation and fluctuations in the beam, and the radiative reaction force resulting from coherent radiation. C1 [Stupakov, G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 26, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stupakov, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 26, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM stupakov@slac.stanford.edu NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-434-039-7; 978-981-434-038-0 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2010 VL 3 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1142/S179362681000035X PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BE2SK UT WOS:000369970600004 ER PT S AU Krafft, GA Priebe, G AF Krafft, Geoffrey A. Priebe, Gerd BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Compton Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3: ACCELERATORS AS PHOTON SOURCES SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Compton backscattering; inverse Compton source; Thomson scattering; X-rays; spectral brilliance ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; GAMMA-S FACILITY; STORAGE-RING; X-RAYS; LIGHT; BACKSCATTERING; GENERATION AB When a relativistic electron beam interacts with a high -field laser beam, intense and highly collimated electromagnetic radiation will be generated through Compton scattering. Through relativistic upshifting and the relativistic Doppler effect, highly energetic polarized photons are radiated along the electron beam motion when the electrons interact with the laser light. For example, X-ray radiation can be obtained when optical lasers are scattered from electrons of tens-of-MeV beam energy. Because of the desirable properties of the radiation produced, many groups around the world have been designing, building, and utilizing Compton sources for a wide variety of purposes. In this review article, we discuss the generation and properties of the scattered radiation, the types of Compton source devices that have been constructed to date, and the prospects of radiation sources of this general type. Due to the possibilities of producing hard electromagnetic radiation in a device that is small compared to the alternative storage ring sources, it is foreseen that large numbers of such sources may be constructed in the future. C1 [Krafft, Geoffrey A.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, 12050 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Priebe, Gerd] Max Born Inst, High Field Lab, Max Born Str 2 A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Krafft, GA (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, 12050 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM krafft@jlab.org; Gerd.Priebe@mbi-berlin.de RI Priebe, Gerd/C-6330-2008 OI Priebe, Gerd/0000-0002-9880-8715 NR 81 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-434-039-7; 978-981-434-038-0 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2010 VL 3 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1142/S1793626810000440 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BE2SK UT WOS:000369970600009 ER PT S AU Zholents, A AF Zholents, Alexander BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Electron-Beam-Based Sources of Ultrashort X-ray Pulses SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3: ACCELERATORS AS PHOTON SOURCES SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Femtosecond X-ray pulse; attosecond X-ray pulse; slicing; rf orbit distortion; Thomson scattering; synchrotron light source; free-electron laser; SASE; seeded FEL; laser with CEP stabilization; pump-probe; synchronization ID DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; STIMULATED-EMISSION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; SUB-10-FS LASER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STORAGE-RINGS; FEMTOSECOND AB A review of various methods for generation of ultrashort X-ray pulses using relativistic electron beam from convent accelerators is presented. Both spontaneous and coherent emission of electrons are considered. C1 [Zholents, Alexander] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zholents, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM azholents@aps.anl.gov NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-434-039-7; 978-981-434-038-0 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2010 VL 3 BP 237 EP 259 DI 10.1142/S1793626810000415 PG 23 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BE2SK UT WOS:000369970600014 ER PT J AU Snijders, PC Weitering, HH AF Snijders, Paul C. Weitering, Hanno H. TI Colloquium: Electronic instabilities in self-assembled atom wires SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ADSORBED SI(111) SURFACE; PHASE-TRANSITION; VICINAL SI(111); PEIERLS TRANSITION; QUANTUM CHAINS; INDIUM; SILICON; SPIN AB Many quasi-one-dimensional (1D) materials are experimental approximations to the textbook models of Peierls instabilities and collective excitations in 1D electronic systems. The recently observed self-assembly of atom wires on solid surfaces has provided fascinating new insights into the nature of their structural and electronic instabilities, from both real-space and momentum-space perspectives. In this Colloquium, three of the most studied atom wire arrays are highlighted, all featuring multiple surface-state bands. One of these is made of indium atoms on a flat silicon (111) surface, while the two others consist of gold atoms on surfaces that are vicinal to Si (111). The experimental and theoretical results are discussed with a focus on the detailed mechanisms of the observed phase transitions and on the role of microscopic defects. C1 [Snijders, Paul C.; Weitering, Hanno H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Weitering, Hanno H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Snijders, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM snijderspc@ornl.gov FU NSF [DMR 06-06485]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. Department of Energy, through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was sponsored in part by the NSF under Contract No. DMR 06-06485. Part of this work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. Department of Energy, through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Research performed by P. C. S. as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 117 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 307 EP 329 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.307 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576XS UT WOS:000276184000007 ER PT J AU Kim, JE Carosi, G AF Kim, Jihn E. Carosi, Gianpaolo TI Axions and the strong CP problem SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; PARTICLE DARK-MATTER; DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; MICROWAVE CAVITY SEARCHES; PECCEI-QUINN SYMMETRY; PLANCK-SCALE PHYSICS; STELLAR ENERGY-LOSS; STRING WORLD SHEET; INVISIBLE-AXION; SOLAR AXIONS AB Current upper bounds on the neutron electric dipole moment constrain the physically observable quantum chromodynamic (QCD) vacuum angle vertical bar(theta) over bar vertical bar less than or similar to 10(-11). Since QCD explains a great deal of experimental data from the 100 MeV to the TeV scale, it is desirable to explain this smallness of vertical bar(theta) over bar vertical bar in the QCD framework; this is the strong CP problem. There now exist two plausible solutions to this problem, one of which leads to the existence of a very light axion. The axion decay constant window, 10(9) less than or similar to F-a less than or similar to 10(12) GeV for an O(1) initial misalignment angle theta(1), has been obtained from astrophysical and cosmological data. For F-a greater than or similar to 10(12) GeV with theta(1) < O(1), axions may constitute a significant fraction of the dark matter of the universe. The supersymmetrized axion solution of the strong CP problem introduces its superpartner the axino, which might have affected the evolution of the Universe significantly. The very light axion (theory, supersymmetrization, and models) using recent particle, astrophysical, and cosmological data, and present prospects for its discovery is reviewed here. C1 [Kim, Jihn E.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, Jihn E.] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Carosi, Gianpaolo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, JE (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM jekim@ctp.snu.ac.kr; carosi2@llnl.gov FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2005-084-C00001] FX We have benefited from discussions with K.-J. Bae, S. M. Barr, Kiwoon Choi, Ki-Young Choi, D. K. Hong, J.-H. Huh, K. Imai, H. D. Kim, I.-W. Kim, A. Melissinos, C. Munoz, H. P. Nilles, S. Park, S. Raby, G. G. Raffelt, A. Ringwald, K. van Bibber, and K. Zioutas. This work was supported in part by the Korea Research Foundation, Grant No. KRF-2005-084-C00001. NR 384 TC 245 Z9 245 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 557 EP 601 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.557 PG 45 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576XS UT WOS:000276184000013 ER PT J AU Yamada, M Kulsrud, R Ji, HT AF Yamada, Masaaki Kulsrud, Russell Ji, Hantao TI Magnetic reconnection SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MODIFIED 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; 2-FLUID TEARING INSTABILITY; PLASMA CURRENT SHEET; FUSION TEST REACTOR; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; LABORATORY PLASMA; LINE RECONNECTION AB The fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection in laboratory and space plasmas is reviewed by discussing results from theory, numerical simulations, observations from space satellites, and recent results from laboratory plasma experiments. After a brief review of the well-known early work, representative recent experimental and theoretical works are discussed and the essence of significant modern findings are interpreted. In the area of local reconnection physics, many findings have been made with regard to two-fluid physics and are related to the cause of fast reconnection. Profiles of the neutral sheet, Hall currents, and the effects of guide field, collisions, and microturbulence are discussed to understand the fundamental processes in a local reconnection layer in both space and laboratory plasmas. While the understanding of the global reconnection dynamics is less developed, notable findings have been made on this issue through detailed documentation of magnetic self-organization phenomena in fusion plasmas. Application of magnetic reconnection physics to astrophysical plasmas is also discussed. C1 [Yamada, Masaaki; Kulsrud, Russell; Ji, Hantao] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 308 TC 308 Z9 313 U1 5 U2 70 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 603 EP 664 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.603 PG 62 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576XS UT WOS:000276184000014 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, AS Nieto, MM AF Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff Nieto, Michael Martin TI Photon and graviton mass limits SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS; ELECTRIC CHARGE NONCONSERVATION; CLUSTER MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TIME PHASE-TRANSITION; DARK-MATTER; REST-MASS; GAUGE-INVARIANCE; BULLET CLUSTER; COULOMBS LAW; FINITE-RANGE AB Efforts to place limits on deviations from canonical formulations of electromagnetism and gravity have probed length scales increasing dramatically over time. Historically, these studies have passed through three stages: (1) testing the power in the inverse-square laws of Newton and Coulomb, (2) seeking a nonzero value for the rest mass of photon or graviton, and (3) considering more degrees of freedom, allowing mass while preserving explicit gauge or general-coordinate invariance. Since the previous review the lower limit on the photon Compton wavelength has improved by four orders of magnitude, to about one astronomical unit, and rapid current progress in astronomy makes further advance likely. For gravity there have been vigorous debates about even the concept of graviton rest mass. Meanwhile there are striking observations of astronomical motions that do not fit Einstein gravity with visible sources. "Cold dark matter" (slow, invisible classical particles) fits well at large scales. "Modified Newtonian dynamics" provides the best phenomenology at galactic scales. Satisfying this phenomenology is a requirement if dark matter, perhaps as invisible classical fields, could be correct here too. "Dark energy" might be explained by a graviton-mass-like effect, with associated Compton wavelength comparable to the radius of the visible universe. Significant mass limits are summarized in a table. C1 [Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldhaber, AS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU National Science Foundation; United States Department of Energy FX To begin, it is most appropriate to acknowledge T. Alexander Pond. It was his informal lecture at Stony Brook on 12 June 1968 (5), which was the original inspiration for our collaboration. 67 Further thanks are due to John Anderson, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Jacob Bekenstein, Marusa Bradac, Shantanu Desai, Bruce Draine, Sergei Dubovsky, Georgi Dvali, Glennys Farrar, Eanna Flanagan, Alexander Friedland, Gregory Gabadadze, George Gillies, Donald Groom, Andrei Gruzinov, Marek Karliner, Philipp Kronberg, Michael Kuhlen, Rachel Mandelbaum, Philip Mannheim, Stacy McGaugh, Patrick Meade, Mordehai Milgrom, Lyman Page, Ari Pakman, Gilad Perez, Massimo Porrati, Joel Primack, Dmitri Ryutov, Robert Shrock, Warren Siegel, David Spergel, Volker Springel, George Sterman, Scott Tremaine, Virginia Trimble, Arkady Vainshtein, Cumrun Vafa, Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Eli Waxman, Chen Ning Yang, and Hongsheng Zhao. While their insights have saved us from many mistakes, the ones that remain are our responsibility. The work of A. S. G. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation. That of M.M.N. was supported by the United States Department of Energy. NR 276 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 939 EP 979 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939 PG 41 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576XS UT WOS:000276184000021 ER PT J AU Martinez, A Coleman, M Romero-Talamas, CA Frias, S AF Martinez, Angelica Coleman, Matthew Romero-Talamas, Carlos Alejandro Frias, Sara TI An assessment of immediate DNA damage to occupationally exposed workers to low dose ionizing radiation by using the comet assay SO REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA LA English DT Article DE Comet assay; Occupational exposure; Ionizing radiation; DNA damage ID HANDLING ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; STRAND BREAKAGE; MICRONUCLEUS; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; SMOKING; REPAIR; CELLS AB Background. Several cytogenetic studies have shown an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations for workers exposed to low dose Ionizing radiation, however the dose, type of radiation and management vary among the areas of work, it is possible that this vat ration may generate different quantity of DNA damage, detectable within the first hours after exposure of the personnel In this study we assessed early DNA lesions caused by exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation in 41 workers from the departments of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy and a group of 20 healthy unexposed individuals, all from the same Institution Material and methods. Blood samples were obtained from exposed and unexposed subjects for analysis of DNA damage using the comet assay The migration of the comet's tail was compared before and after the workday, as well as among the groups, the relationship between DNA migration and the exposure dose of the month was also obtained Results. A significant increase in damage to DNA was seen after workday for the occupationally exposed group (p < 0 01) as compared with the samples before workday as well as with those from the unexposed group A positive correlation was found between the monthly dose of radiation and the migration length of DNA before and after the workday (p < 0 01) There were significant differences in the length of the comet tails among workers from different departments workers from Radiology (28.6 mu m) have less DNA damage than those from Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (92 5 mu m, 63 4 mu m respectively) departments Conclusions. All the workers occupationally exposed showed an Increase in DNA fragmentation after the workday The amount of radiation in all three services is different, in Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy the workers showed a greater monthly dose of exposure and greater DNA damage than the Radiology workers The longer tails were observed in Nuclear Medicine where radionuclides are used. these radioactive substances are handled and administered to patients orally or intravenously by the workers, which implies a different type of exposure and radiation, this may explain the differences found in this study Most of the DNA damage detected by the comet assay is repaired, however a part of it may result in stable chromosomal rearrangements that may represent a long-term health risk It is important to sensitize exposed workers on their responsibility of working with radiation and the improvement of the hospital safety practices C1 [Coleman, Matthew] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Romero-Talamas, Carlos Alejandro] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Martinez, Angelica; Frias, Sara] Inst Nacl Pediat, Dept Invest Genet Humana, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Frias, S (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pediat, Lab Citogenet, Av Iman 1,Torre Invest 6 Piso Col Insurgentes Cui, Mexico City 04530, DF, Mexico. OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 FU CONACYT [5091-M]; U.S Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Low Dose Radiation FX This project was financed by CONACYT, project # 5091-M M.A.Coleman was supported by U.S Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, with funding from the Low Dose Radiation Research program. We appreciate the collaboration of Estrella Avila MD and Maria Teresa Lanche MD, as well as those workers that participated in the study and also Dr. Emiy Yokoyama for statistical advice. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NACIONAL NUTRICION PI MEXICO PA VASCO DE QUIROZA 15, COLONIA SECCION XVI, TLALPAN, MEXICO 14000 D F, MEXICO SN 0034-8376 J9 REV INVEST CLIN JI Rev. Invest. Clin. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585LQ UT WOS:000276827400004 PM 20415056 ER PT B AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad BE Deshpande, AP Krishnan, JM Kumar, PBS TI Mathematical Modelling of Granular Materials SO RHEOLOGY OF COMPLEX FLUIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT School on Rheology of Complex Fluids CY JAN 04-09, 2010 CL Indian Inst Technol Madras, Chennai, INDIA SP Govt India, Sci & Engn Res Council, Dept Sci & Technol HO Indian Inst Technol Madras ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; STEADY COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; WEDGE-SHAPED HOPPER; HEAT-FLUX VECTOR; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; CONTINUUM THEORY; ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIALS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS AB In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the important issues in modelling of granular materials. A continuum mechanics approach is taken where it is assumed that the material behaves similar to a compressible non-linear fluid where the effects of density gradients are incorporated in the stress tensor. We discuss and solve the heat transfer in granular materials flowing down an inclined plane with radiation effects at the free surface. For a fully developed flow, the equations simplify to a system of three non-linear ordinary differential equations. The equations are made dimensionless and a parametric study is performed where the effects of various dimensionless numbers representing the effects of heat conduction, viscous dissipation, radiation, etc. are presented. C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 123 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6493-9 PY 2010 BP 219 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6494-6_10 PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BH0IN UT WOS:000395207500010 ER PT J AU Toor, N Keating, KS Fedorova, O Rajashankar, K Wang, JM Pyle, AM AF Toor, Navtej Keating, Kevin S. Fedorova, Olga Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta Wang, Jimin Pyle, Anna Marie TI Tertiary architecture of the Oceanobacillus iheyensis group II intron SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE group II intron; RNA tertiary structure; ribozyme; X-ray crystallography ID SELF-SPLICING INTRONS; RNA FOLDING MOTIF; ACTIVE-SITE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL-ION; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; RIBOSOMAL-RNAS; EXON-BINDING; NMR SYSTEM; IN-VITRO AB Group II introns are large ribozymes that act as self-splicing and retrotransposable RNA molecules. They are of great interest because of their potential evolutionary relationship to the eukaryotic spliceosome, their continued influence on the organization of many genomes in bacteria and eukaryotes, and their potential utility as tools for gene therapy and biotechnology. One of the most interesting features of group II introns is their relative lack of nucleobase conservation and covariation, which has long suggested that group II intron structures are stabilized by numerous unusual tertiary interactions and backbone-mediated contacts. Here, we provide a detailed description of the tertiary interaction networks within the Oceanobacillus iheyensis group IIC intron, for which a crystal structure was recently solved to 3.1 angstrom resolution. The structure can be described as a set of several intricately constructed tertiary interaction nodes, each of which contains a core of extended stacking networks and elaborate motifs. Many of these nodes are surrounded by a web of ribose zippers, which appear to further stabilize local structure. As predicted from biochemical and genetic studies, the group II intron provides a wealth of new information on strategies for RNA folding and tertiary structural organization. C1 [Toor, Navtej; Fedorova, Olga; Wang, Jimin; Pyle, Anna Marie] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Keating, Kevin S.] Yale Univ, Interdept Program Computat Biol & Bioinformat, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, NE CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pyle, Anna Marie] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Pyle, AM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, 266 Whitney Ave,Room 334A,Bass Bldg, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM jimin.wang@yale.edu; anna.pyle@yale.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR015301, RR-15301]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50313, R01 GM050313] NR 75 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1261/rna.1844010 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 533YT UT WOS:000272862900006 PM 19952115 ER PT B AU Wang, JSY Guglielmi, Y Gaffet, S AF Wang, J. S. Y. Guglielmi, Y. Gaffet, S. BE Zhao, J Labiouse, V Dudt, JP Mathier, JF TI Collaborative projects between two USA-France national subsurface laboratories to improve imaging of fractured-porous rocks properties and coupled THMCB processes SO ROCK MECHANICS IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Rock Mechanics Symposium (EUROCK 2010) CY JUN 15-18, 2010 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP EPFL, Lab Rock Mech, Swiss Soc Soil & Rock Mech, Natl Grp Switzland ID RUSTREL; LSBB AB CO(2) injection, coupled process testing, and subsurface imaging/sensing are three studies among the first suite of experiments selected for design and implementation at the USA's Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). The studies, initiated in 2009, include workshops to develop international collaborations. The USA-France collaborations have been established between the Laboratoire Souterrain a Bas Bruit (LSBB) and the Earth Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) through the following activities: (1) Exchanges for the project on High-Pulse Poroelasticity Protocol (HPPP), with annual and biannual meetings and visits on designing the sensors installed in boreholes, modeling the field test configurations, and interpreting test results. (2) Expansions of research topic discussions initiated at the 2007 2nd inter-Disciplinary Underground Science and Technology (i-DUST) conference. (3) Organization jointly an American Geophysical Union session NH31C on seismic coupling and correlation from underground, surface, to the ionosphere. Some exciting findings that emerge from such collaborative national subsurface laboratories researches include first field measurement of coupled seismic-electromagnetic-poroelastic waves in saturated and unsaturated zones, underground field measurements of magnetic profiles correlated with findings by radar soundings, sightings, and satellite observations of ionospheric electrical depressions above seismic regions. Fruitful discussions were also initiated on testing beyond CO(2) supercritical-gas phase transitions to include geochemical interactions with cement and geomicrobiological sampling along fluid columns planned at DUSEL, as well as in carbonate rocks at LSBB. These LBNL-LSBB collaborations are examples that can lead to initiatives in developing international, interdisciplinary innovations. We plan to jointly organize a workshop in the 2012 Beijing ISRM Congress and other meetings worldwide to explore i-DUST collaborations and beyond. C1 [Wang, J. S. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JSY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-58654-2 PY 2010 BP 857 EP 860 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BVA83 UT WOS:000290917200198 ER PT S AU Hansen, CW Helton, JC Sallaberry, CJ AF Hansen, Clifford W. Helton, Jon C. Sallaberry, Cedric J. BE Deshpande, A Hunter, A TI Characterization, Propagation and Analysis of Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainty in the 2008 Performance Assessment for the Proposed Repository for High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO SCALABLE UNCERTAINTY MANAGEMENT, SUM 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management (SUM) CY SEP 27-29, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE ID ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; RISK ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; DISPOSAL AB The 2008 performance assessment (PA) for the proposed repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain (YM), Nevada, illustrates the conceptual structure of risk assessments for complex systems. The 2008 YM PA is based on the following three conceptual entities: a probability space that characterizes aleatory uncertainty; a function that predicts consequences for individual elements of the sample space for aleatory uncertainty; and a probability space that characterizes epistemic uncertainty. These entities and their use in the characterization, propagation and analysis of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty are described and illustrated with results from the 2008 YM PA. C1 [Hansen, Clifford W.; Helton, Jon C.; Sallaberry, Cedric J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hansen, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cwhanse@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15950-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6379 BP 177 EP 190 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB30 UT WOS:000312447800020 ER PT B AU Maksymovych, P AF Maksymovych, Peter BE Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A TI Excitation and Mechanisms of Single Molecule Reactions in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: NANOSCALE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; METAL-SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC MANIPULATION; CHEMICAL-REACTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXCITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maksymovych, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maksymovychp@ornl.gov NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6567-7 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 37 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_1 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BSQ99 UT WOS:000285524200001 ER PT B AU Malkin, AJ Plomp, M AF Malkin, Alexander J. Plomp, Marco BE Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A TI High-Resolution Architecture and Structural Dynamics of Microbial and Cellular Systems: Insights from in Vitro Atomic Force Microscopy SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: NANOSCALE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CLOSTRIDIUM-NOVYI-NT; SUBTILIS SPORE COAT; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; BACILLUS-CEREUS; BACTERIOLYTIC THERAPY; EXPERIMENTAL-TUMORS; SPIRAL GROWTH; PROTEIN; EXOSPORIUM C1 [Malkin, Alexander J.; Plomp, Marco] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Plomp, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM malkin1@llnl.gov; malkin1@llnl.gov NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6567-7 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 68 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_2 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BSQ99 UT WOS:000285524200002 ER PT B AU Nikiforov, MP Proksch, R AF Nikiforov, M. P. Proksch, Roger BE Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A TI Dynamic SPM Methods for Local Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Properties SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: NANOSCALE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING THERMAL MICROSCOPY; SILICON MICROCANTILEVER HEATERS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; EXPANSION MICROSCOPY; SENSING INDENTATION; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; POLYMERIC MATERIALS C1 [Nikiforov, M. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Proksch, Roger] Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Nikiforov, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nikiforovm@ornl.gov; roger@asylumresearch.com NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6567-7 PY 2010 BP 199 EP 229 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_8 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BSQ99 UT WOS:000285524200008 ER PT B AU Rose, V Freeland, JW Streiffer, SK AF Rose, Volker Freeland, John W. Streiffer, Stephen K. BE Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A TI New Capabilities at the Interface of X-Rays and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: NANOSCALE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; PROBE MICROSCOPY; TIP CURRENT; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; INSULATORS; ABSORPTION C1 [Rose, Volker; Freeland, John W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Streiffer, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rose, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vrose@anl.gov RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6567-7 PY 2010 BP 405 EP 431 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_14 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BSQ99 UT WOS:000285524200014 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Seal, K Balke, N Kalinin, SV Proksch, R AF Rodriguez, B. J. Jesse, S. Seal, K. Balke, N. Kalinin, S. V. Proksch, Roger BE Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A TI Dynamic and Spectroscopic Modes and Multivariate Data Analysis in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: NANOSCALE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; DOMAIN SWITCHING DYNAMICS; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION IMPRINT; PB(ZR,TI)O-3 FILMS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; FATIGUE-ENDURANCE; CONTACT STIFFNESS; NANOMETER-SCALE C1 [Rodriguez, B. J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Proksch, Roger] Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Rodriguez, BJ (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM brian.rodriguez@ucd.ie; roger@asylumresearch.com NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6567-7 PY 2010 BP 491 EP 528 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_17 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BSQ99 UT WOS:000285524200017 ER PT J AU Poznanski, D Chornock, R Nugent, PE Bloom, JS Filippenko, AV Ganeshalingam, M Leonard, DC Li, WD Thomas, RC AF Poznanski, Dovi Chornock, Ryan Nugent, Peter E. Bloom, Joshua S. Filippenko, Alexei V. Ganeshalingam, Mohan Leonard, Douglas C. Li, Weidong Thomas, Rollin C. TI An Unusually Fast-Evolving Supernova SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IA SUPERNOVAE; WHITE-DWARFS; PHOTOMETRY AB Analyses of supernovae (SNe) have revealed two main types of progenitors: exploding white dwarfs and collapsing massive stars. Here we describe SN 2002bj, which stands out as different from any SN reported to date. Its light curve rose and declined very rapidly, yet reached a peak intrinsic brightness greater than-18 magnitude. A spectrum obtained 7 days after discovery shows the presence of helium and intermediate-mass elements, yet no clear hydrogen or iron-peak elements. The spectrum only barely resembles that of a type Ia SN, with added carbon and helium. Its properties suggest that SN 2002bj may be representative of a class of progenitors that previously has been only hypothesized: a helium detonation on a white dwarf, ejecting a small envelope of material. New surveys should find many such objects, despite their scarcity. C1 [Poznanski, Dovi; Chornock, Ryan; Bloom, Joshua S.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Ganeshalingam, Mohan; Li, Weidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poznanski, Dovi; Nugent, Peter E.; Thomas, Rollin C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leonard, Douglas C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Poznanski, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dovi@berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5961 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1126/science.1181709 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541DZ UT WOS:000273395400028 PM 19892941 ER PT J AU Liu, HT He, J Tang, JY Liu, H Pang, P Cao, D Krstic, P Joseph, S Lindsay, S Nuckolls, C AF Liu, Haitao He, Jin Tang, Jinyao Liu, Hao Pang, Pei Cao, Di Krstic, Predrag Joseph, Sony Lindsay, Stuart Nuckolls, Colin TI Translocation of Single-Stranded DNA Through Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; TRANSPORT; MOLECULES; CHANNEL; FABRICATION; MEMBRANES; ACID AB We report the fabrication of devices in which one single-walled carbon nanotube spans a barrier between two fluid reservoirs, enabling direct electrical measurement of ion transport through the tube. A fraction of the tubes pass anomalously high ionic currents. Electrophoretic transport of small single-stranded DNA oligomers through these tubes is marked by large transient increases in ion current and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Each current pulse contains about 10(7) charges, an enormous amplification of the translocated charge. Carbon nanotubes simplify the construction of nanopores, permit new types of electrical measurements, and may open avenues for control of DNA translocation. C1 [He, Jin; Liu, Hao; Pang, Pei; Cao, Di; Lindsay, Stuart] Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Liu, Haitao; Tang, Jinyao; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Liu, Hao; Lindsay, Stuart] Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pang, Pei; Cao, Di; Lindsay, Stuart] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Krstic, Predrag; Joseph, Sony] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lindsay, S (reprint author), Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Stuart.Lindsay@asu.edu; cn37@columbia.edu RI he, jin/C-6256-2009; Tang, Jinyao/I-3851-2012 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R21 HG004770-01, R21 HG004770] NR 26 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 11 U2 122 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5961 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1126/science.1181799 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541DZ UT WOS:000273395400030 PM 20044570 ER PT J AU Yadava, MK Mishra, RS Chen, YL Carlson, B Grant, GJ AF Yadava, M. K. Mishra, R. S. Chen, Y. L. Carlson, B. Grant, G. J. TI Study of friction stir joining of thin aluminium sheets in lap joint configuration SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE Friction stir welding; Lap joints; Aluminium alloys; Sheet thinning; Faying surface defects ID FSW AB Thinning in friction stir lap joints and its relation with the process variables was investigated. Friction stir welds were made on 1 mm thick AA6111 aluminium alloy sheets in order to study the effects of rotation rate, traverse speed, plunge depth, tilt angle and pin height on faying surface defects. Sheet thinning on the advancing and retreating sides was quantified and the lap shear strength of the joints was evaluated. A decrease in the pitch of the runs at constant rotation rate increased the sheet thinning and reduced the joint strength in a linear manner. Process pitch and pin height were found to be the most critical factors in determining the faying surface lift up. A pin of the same height as the sheet thickness resulted in maximum lap shear strength. Tool tilt did not show a significant effect on the sheet thinning. C1 [Yadava, M. K.; Mishra, R. S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Frict Stir Proc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Chen, Y. L.; Carlson, B.] GM R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Grant, G. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99356 USA. RP Mishra, RS (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Frict Stir Proc, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rsmishra@mst.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 FU NSF-IIP [0531019]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Friction Stir Link FX This work was performed under the NSF-IUCRC for friction stir processing and the support of NSF-IIP (grant no. 0531019), Boeing, GM, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Friction Stir Link for the MS&T site is acknowledged. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 20 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1179/136217109X12537145658733 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572RM UT WOS:000275850500009 ER PT S AU Otoo, E Rotem, D Tsao, SC AF Otoo, Ekow Rotem, Doron Tsao, Shih-Chiang BE Gertz, M Ludascher, B TI Dynamic Data Reorganization for Energy Savings in Disk Storage Systems SO SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Theoret Studies DE Energy Saving; RAID System Configuration; Energy-aware storage ID MANAGEMENT AB High performance computing (HPC) systems utilize parallel file systems that are striped over large number of disks to address the I/O performance requirement of data intensive applications. These large number of disks are typically configured into RAID groups for resiliency. Such arrangements of on-line disk storage systems constitutes one of the major consumers of power in HPC centers. Many disk power management (DPM) schemes have been suggested where by the power consumed by these disks is reduced by spinning them down after they experience long idle periods. Spinning the disks down and up results in additional energy and response time costs. For that reason, DPM schemes are effective only if the disks experience relatively long idle periods and the scheme does not introduce a severe response time penalty. In this paper we focus on RAID storage systems where by, depending on the RAID level, a group of disks are formed into RAID units. We introduce a dynamic block exchange algorithm which switches data between such units based on the observed workload such that frequently accessed blocks end up residing on a few "hot" units thus allowing the majority of RAID groups to experience longer idle periods. We validated the effectiveness of the algorithm with several real-life and synthetic traces showing power savings of up to 50% with very small response time penalties. C1 [Otoo, Ekow; Rotem, Doron; Tsao, Shih-Chiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Otoo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13817-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6187 BP 322 EP 341 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ16 UT WOS:000286148800024 ER PT S AU Missier, P Soiland-Reyes, S Owen, S Tan, W Nenadic, A Dunlop, I Williams, A Oinn, T Goble, C AF Missier, Paolo Soiland-Reyes, Stian Owen, Stuart Tan, Wei Nenadic, Alexandra Dunlop, Ian Williams, Alan Oinn, Tom Goble, Carole BE Gertz, M Ludascher, B TI Taverna, Reloaded SO SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Theoret Studies ID WORKFLOWS; TOOL AB The Taverna workflow management system is an open source project with a history of widespread adoption within multiple experimental science communities, and a long-term ambition of effectively supporting the evolving need of those communities for complex, data-intensive, service-based experimental pipelines. This short paper describes how the recently overhauled technical architecture of Taverna addresses issues of efficiency, scalability, and extensibility, and presents performance results based on a collection of synthetic workflows, as well as a concrete case study involving a production workflow in the area of cancer research. C1 [Missier, Paolo; Soiland-Reyes, Stian; Owen, Stuart; Nenadic, Alexandra; Dunlop, Ian; Williams, Alan; Goble, Carole] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Tan, Wei] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. [Oinn, Tom] European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England. RP Missier, P (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Tan, Wei/A-8144-2009; OI Goble, Carole/0000-0003-1219-2137; Missier, Paolo/0000-0002-0978-2446 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13817-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6187 BP 471 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ16 UT WOS:000286148800033 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Jython, Java and jHepWork SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300001 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Introduction to Jython SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 84 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 58 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300002 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Mathematical Functions SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 85 EP 120 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300003 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI One-dimensional Data SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300004 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Two-dimensional Data SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 159 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300005 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Multi-dimensional Data SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300006 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Arrays, Matrices and Linear Algebra SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 171 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300007 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Histograms SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 193 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300008 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Random Numbers and Statistical Samples SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300009 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Graphical Canvases SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 235 EP 271 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300010 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Input and Output SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 273 EP 312 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300011 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Miscellaneous Analysis Issues Using jHepWork SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 313 EP 334 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300012 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Data Clustering SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300013 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Linear Regression and Curve Fitting SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 343 EP 365 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300014 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Neural Networks SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 367 EP 382 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300015 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Steps in Data Analysis SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov; chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 383 EP 405 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300016 ER PT B AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, Sergei V. BA Chekanov, SV BF Chekanov, SV TI Real-life Examples SO SCIENTIFIC DATA ANALYSIS USING JYTHON SCRIPTING AND JAVA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; INTERMITTENCY; PRINCIPLE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chakanau@hep.anl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84996-286-5 PY 2010 BP 407 EP 433 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_18 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-287-2_1 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQN24 UT WOS:000281365300017 ER PT J AU Brodtkorb, AR Dyken, C Hagen, TR Hjelmervik, JM Storaasli, OO AF Brodtkorb, Andre R. Dyken, Christopher Hagen, Trond R. Hjelmervik, Jon M. Storaasli, Olaf O. TI State-of-the-art in heterogeneous computing SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Power-efficient architectures; parallel computer architecture; stream or vector architectures; energy and power consumption; microprocessor performance ID BROAD-BAND ENGINE; STENCIL COMPUTATIONS; CELL; PERFORMANCE; GPU; PROCESSOR; ALGEBRA; ARCHITECTURE; SIMULATION AB Node level heterogeneous architectures have become attractive during the last decade for several reasons: compared to traditional symmetric CPUs, they offer high peak performance and are energy and/or cost efficient. With the increase of fine-grained parallelism in high-performance computing, as well as the introduction of parallelism in workstations, there is an acute need for a good overview and understanding of these architectures. We give an overview of the state-of-the-art in heterogeneous computing, focusing on three commonly found architectures: the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, graphics processing units (GPUs), and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We present a review of hardware, available software tools, and an overview of state-of-the-art techniques and algorithms. Furthermore, we present a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the architectures, and give our view on the future of heterogeneous computing. C1 [Brodtkorb, Andre R.; Dyken, Christopher; Hagen, Trond R.; Hjelmervik, Jon M.] SINTEF ICT, Dept Appl Math, N-0314 Oslo, Norway. [Storaasli, Olaf O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Brodtkorb, AR (reprint author), SINTEF ICT, Dept Appl Math, POB 124, N-0314 Oslo, Norway. EM Andre.Brodtkorb@sintef.no; Christopher.Dyken@sintef.no; Trond.R.Hagen@sintef.no; Jon.M.Hjelmervik@sintef.no; Olaf@ornl.gov FU AMD; IBM; NVIDIA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Research Council of Norway [180023, 186947] FX The authors would like to thank Gernot Ziegler at NVIDIA Corporation, Knut-Andreas Lie and Johan Seland at SINTEF ICT, and Praveen Bhaniramka and Gaurav Garg at Visualization Experts Limited for their fruitful comments and feedback. We also appreciate the valuable input from the anonymous reviewers, and the continued support from AMD, IBM and NVIDIA. Part of this work is done under Research Council of Norway project number 180023 (Parallel3D) and 186947 (Heterogeneous Computing). Dr. Storaasli's research contributions were sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 172 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.3233/SPR-2009-0296 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 612OH UT WOS:000278908800001 ER PT J AU Ltaief, H Kurzak, J Dongarra, J Badia, RM AF Ltaief, Hatem Kurzak, Jakub Dongarra, Jack Badia, Rosa M. TI Scheduling two-sided transformations using tile algorithms on multicore architectures SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Scheduling; multicore; linear algebra; matrix factorization; two-sided transformations ID MEMORY-HIERARCHY PERFORMANCE; BLOCK DATA LAYOUT; QR FACTORIZATION; REDUCTION; LIBRARY; SERIAL AB The objective of this paper is to describe, in the context of multicore architectures, three different scheduler implementations for the two-sided linear algebra transformations, in particular the Hessenberg and Bidiagonal reductions which are the first steps for the standard eigenvalue problems and the singular value decompositions respectively. State-of-the-art dense linear algebra softwares, such as the LAPACK and ScaLAPACK libraries, suffer performance losses on multicore processors due to their inability to fully exploit thread-level parallelism. At the same time the fine-grain dataflow model gains popularity as a paradigm for programming multicore architectures. Buttari et al. (Parellel Comput. Syst. Appl. 35 (2009), 38-53) introduced the concept of tile algorithms in which parallelism is no longer hidden inside Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms but is brought to the fore to yield much better performance. Along with efficient scheduling mechanisms for data-driven execution, these tile two-sided reductions achieve high performance computing by reaching up to 75% of the DGEMM peak on a 12000 x 12000 matrix with 16 Intel Tigerton 2.4 GHz processors. The main drawback of the tile algorithms approach for two-sided transformations is that the full reduction cannot be obtained in one stage. Other methods have to be considered to further reduce the band matrices to the required forms. C1 [Ltaief, Hatem; Kurzak, Jakub; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Badia, Rosa M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona, Spain. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@eecs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; Badia, Rosa/L-1980-2014 OI Badia, Rosa/0000-0003-2941-5499 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0297 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 612OH UT WOS:000278908800002 ER PT J AU Jost, G Koniges, A AF Jost, Gabriele Koniges, Alice TI Special Issue: Exploring languages for expressing medium to massive on-chip parallelism SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jost, Gabriele] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Koniges, Alice] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jost, G (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.3233/SPR-2011-0312 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500001 ER PT J AU Preissl, R Koniges, A Ethier, S Wang, WX Wichmann, N AF Preissl, Robert Koniges, Alice Ethier, Stephan Wang, Weixing Wichmann, Nathan TI Overlapping communication with computation using OpenMP tasks on the GTS magnetic fusion code SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE GTS; OpenMP task; communication overlap; hybrid MPI and OpenMP computing ID MICROTURBULENCE AB Application codes in a variety of areas are being updated for performance on the latest architectures. In this paper we examine an application, which comes from magnetic fusion for performance acceleration with a particular emphasis on methods that are applicable for many/multicore and future architectural designs. We take an important magnetic fusion particle code that already includes several levels of parallelism including hybrid MPI combined with OpenMP. We study how to include new advanced hybrid models, which extend the applicability of OpenMP tasks and exploit multi-threaded MPI support to overlap communication and computation. Experiments carried out on Cray XT4 and XT5 machines resulting in a speed-up of up to 35% of the investigated GTS particle shifter kernel show the benefits and applicability of this approach. C1 [Preissl, Robert; Koniges, Alice] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ethier, Stephan; Wang, Weixing] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Wichmann, Nathan] Cray Inc, St Paul, MN USA. RP Preissl, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rpreissl@lbl.gov FU Petascale Initiative in Computational Science at NERSC; Cray Center of Excellence at NERSC; NERSC FX A majority of the work in this paper was supported by the Petascale Initiative in Computational Science at NERSC. Some additional research on this paper was supported by the Cray Center of Excellence at NERSC. Additionally, we are grateful for interactions with John Shalf and Nicholas Wright and for the extended computer time as well as the valuable support from NERSC. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0311 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500003 ER PT J AU Shan, HZ Blagojevic, F Min, SJ Hargrove, P Jin, HQ Fuerlinger, K Koniges, A Wright, NJ AF Shan, Hongzhang Blagojevic, Filip Min, Seung-Jai Hargrove, Paul Jin, Haoqiang Fuerlinger, Karl Koniges, Alice Wright, Nicholas J. TI A programming model performance study using the NAS parallel benchmarks SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Programming model; performance study; UPC; OpenMP; MPI; memory usage AB Harnessing the power of multicore platforms is challenging due to the additional levels of parallelism present. In this paper we use the NAS Parallel Benchmarks to study three programming models, MPI, OpenMP and PGAS to understand their performance and memory usage characteristics on current multicore architectures. To understand these characteristics we use the Integrated Performance Monitoring tool and other ways to measure communication versus computation time, as well as the fraction of the run time spent in OpenMP. The benchmarks are run on two different Cray XT5 systems and an Infiniband cluster. Our results show that in general the three programming models exhibit very similar performance characteristics. In a few cases, OpenMP is significantly faster because it explicitly avoids communication. For these particular cases, we were able to re-write the UPC versions and achieve equal performance to OpenMP. Using OpenMP was also the most advantageous in terms of memory usage. Also we compare performance differences between the two Cray systems, which have quad-core and hex-core processors. We show that at scale the performance is almost always slower on the hex-core system because of increased contention for network resources. C1 [Shan, Hongzhang; Blagojevic, Filip; Min, Seung-Jai; Hargrove, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jin, Haoqiang] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fuerlinger, Karl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koniges, Alice; Wright, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, HZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hshan@lbl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Computational Sciences [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX All authors from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0306 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500004 ER PT J AU Zheng, YL AF Zheng, Yili TI Optimizing UPC programs for multi-core systems SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE UPC; PGAS AB The Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model of Unified Parallel C (UPC) can help users express and manage application data locality on non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multi-core shared-memory systems to get good performance. First, we describe several UPC program optimization techniques that are important to achieving good performance on NUMA multi-core computers with examples and quantitative performance results. Second, we use two numerical computing kernels, parallel matrix-matrix multiplication and parallel 3-D FFT, to demonstrate the end-to-end development and optimization for UPC applications. Our results show that the optimized UPC programs achieve very good and scalable performance on current multi-core systems and can even outperform vendor-optimized libraries in some cases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zheng, YL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yzheng@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0310 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500006 ER PT J AU Toeppen, J AF Toeppen, John TI Promises, Promises SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Toeppen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM toeppen1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET ST, STE 1250, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 536TP UT WOS:000273067000003 ER PT J AU Wiley, S AF Wiley, Steven TI Mind Your Manners SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wiley, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET ST, STE 1250, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 536TP UT WOS:000273067000018 ER PT B AU Bardeen, WA AF Bardeen, William A. BE Zichichi, A TI BEYOND HIGGS SO SEARCH FOR THE TOTALLY UNEXPECTED IN THE LHC ERA SE Subnuclear Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Course of the International-School-of-Subnuclear-Physics CY AUG-SEP -, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY SP Int Sch Subnucl Phys, Acad Sci Estonia, Acad Sci Georgia, Acad Sci Lithuania, Acad Sci Russia, Acad Sci Ukraine, Chinese Acad Sci, Commiss European Communities, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Univ Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Govt, Weizmann Inst Sci, World Federat Scientists, World Lab ID GAUGE INVARIANCE; BROKEN SYMMETRIES; WEAK INTERACTIONS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; MASS; CONSERVATION; DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; PARTICLES C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-981-4293-23-5 J9 SUBNUCL SER PY 2010 VL 45 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1142/9789814293242_0001 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOO32 UT WOS:000277137800001 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ de Teramond, GF AF Brodsky, Stanley J. de Teramond, Guy F. BE Zichichi, A TI AdS/CFT and Light-Front QCD SO SEARCH FOR THE TOTALLY UNEXPECTED IN THE LHC ERA SE Subnuclear Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Course of the International-School-of-Subnuclear-Physics CY AUG-SEP -, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY SP Int Sch Subnucl Phys, Acad Sci Estonia, Acad Sci Georgia, Acad Sci Lithuania, Acad Sci Russia, Acad Sci Ukraine, Chinese Acad Sci, Commiss European Communities, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Univ Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Govt, Weizmann Inst Sci, World Federat Scientists, World Lab ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; FORM-FACTORS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; HOLOGRAPHIC QCD; HADRON SPECTROSCOPY; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; INFRARED BEHAVIOR AB The AdS/CFT correspondence between string theory in AdS space and conformal field theories in physical space-time leads to an analytic, semi-classical model for strongly-coupled QCD which has scale invariance and dimensional counting at short distances and color confinement at large distances. The AdS/CFT correspondence also provides insights into the inherently nonperturbative aspects of QCD such as the orbital and radial spectra of hadrons and the form of hadronic wavefunctions. In particular, we show that there is an exact correspondence between the fifth-dimensional coordinate of AdS space z and a specific impact variable zeta which measures the separation of the quark and gluonic constituents within the hadron in ordinary space-time. This connection leads to AdS/CFT predictions for the analytic form of the frame-independent light-front wavefunctions (LFWFs) of mesons and baryons, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties. The LFWFs in turn predict decay constants and spin correlations, as well as dynamical quantities such as form factors, structure functions, generalized parton distributions, and exclusive scattering amplitudes. Relativistic light-front equations in ordinary space-time are found which reproduce the results obtained using the fifth-dimensional theory and have remarkable algebraic structures and integrability properties. As specific examples we describe the behavior of the pion form factor in the space and time-like regions and determine the Dirac nucleon form factors in the space-like region. An extension to nonzero quark mass is used to determine hadronic distribution amplitudes of all mesons, heavy and light. We compare our results with the moments of the distribution amplitudes which have recently been computed from lattice gauge theory. C1 [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [de Teramond, Guy F.] Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theorique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Florida Ice Farm FX SJB thanks Professors A. Zichichi and G. 't Hooft for the opportunity to lecture at this school, and he is grateful for the intense interest of the students of the school in AdS/QCD developments. This research was supported by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The research of GdT is supported in part by an Aportes grant from Florida Ice & Farm. NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-981-4293-23-5 J9 SUBNUCL SER PY 2010 VL 45 BP 139 EP + DI 10.1142/9789814293242_0008 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOO32 UT WOS:000277137800008 ER PT B AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, Larry BE Zichichi, A TI The Color Glass Condensate and the Glasma: Two Lectures SO SEARCH FOR THE TOTALLY UNEXPECTED IN THE LHC ERA SE Subnuclear Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Course of the International-School-of-Subnuclear-Physics CY AUG-SEP -, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY SP Int Sch Subnucl Phys, Acad Sci Estonia, Acad Sci Georgia, Acad Sci Lithuania, Acad Sci Russia, Acad Sci Ukraine, Chinese Acad Sci, Commiss European Communities, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Univ Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Govt, Weizmann Inst Sci, World Federat Scientists, World Lab ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON PRODUCTION; SATURATION MOMENTUM; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; SMALL-X; QCD; EQUATION; SINGULARITY; EVOLUTION; NUCLEUS AB These two lectures concern the Color Glass Condensate and the Glasma. These are forms of matter which might be studied in high energy hadronic collisions. The Color Glass Condensate is high energy density gluonic matter. It constitutes the part of a hadron wave-function important for high energy processes. The Glasma is matter produced from the Color Glass Condensate in the first instants after a collision of two high energy hadrons. Both types of matter are associated with coherent fields. The Color Glass Condensate is static and related to a hadron wavefunction, where the Glasma is transient and evolves quickly after a collision. I present the properties of such matter, and some aspects of what is known of their properties. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-981-4293-23-5 J9 SUBNUCL SER PY 2010 VL 45 BP 237 EP 264 DI 10.1142/9789814293242_0011 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOO32 UT WOS:000277137800011 ER PT S AU Chernov, AA AF Chernov, A. A. BE Wang, M Tsukamoto, K Wu, D TI Surface Phenomena and Parameters of Crystal Growth: Simple Basics SO SELECTED TOPICS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth CY AUG, 2010 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Crystallog Comm SAS, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Linn High Therm GmbH, Natl Lab Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing Univ DE Crystal Growth; Interface; Surface energy; Steps; Kinks; Kinetics; Dislocations; Kinetic coefficient; Roughening transition; Diffuse interface ID CRYSTALLIZATION; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS AB Basic concepts of crystal growth and their practical use to semi-quantitatively estimate growth processes are explained: surface energy and free energy, driving force of crystallization, atomically rough vs smooth interface structure and the corresponding normal vs layer-by-layer growth modes, application of the activated complex concept to derive kinetic coefficient characterizing crystal growth rate at a given driving force. The Reader is supposed to be familiar with general physics and chemistry. No specific knowledge in crystal growth is required. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chernov, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chernov2@llnl.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0821-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1270 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1063/1.3476227 PG 25 WC Crystallography; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Physics GA BTK40 UT WOS:000287166400001 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Han, Y Unal, B Li, MZ Caspersen, KJ Jing, DP Layson, AR Stoldt, CR Duguet, T Thiel, PA AF Evans, J. W. Han, Yong Uenal, Baris Li, Maozhi Caspersen, K. J. Jing, Dapeng Layson, A. R. Stoldt, C. R. Duguet, T. Thiel, P. A. BE Wang, M Tsukamoto, K Wu, D TI From Initial to Late Stages of Epitaxial Thin Film Growth: STM Analysis and Atomistic or Coarse-Grained Modeling SO SELECTED TOPICS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth CY AUG, 2010 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Crystallog Comm SAS, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Linn High Therm GmbH, Natl Lab Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing Univ DE Homoepitaxy; heteroepitaxy; Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM); Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis; atomistic lattice-gas models; KMC; step-dynamics; island formation; kinetic roughening ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; ISLAND FORMATION; AL DEPOSITION; QUASI-CRYSTAL; METAL-FILMS; AG; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; AG(110) AB Epitaxial thin film growth by vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy under ultra-high vacuum conditions generally occurs in two stages: (i) nucleation and growth of well-separated islands on the substrate; (ii) subsequent formation of a thicker continuous film with possible kinetic roughening. For homoepitaxial growth, two-dimensional (2D) monolayer islands are formed during submonolayer deposition. Typically, the presence of a step-edge barrier inhibits downward transport and leads to the formation of mounds (multilayer stacks of 2D islands) during multilayer growth. For heteroepitaxial growth, islands formed in the initial stages of deposition sometimes have a 2D monolayer structure. However, they may instead exhibit bilayer or 3D multilayer structure due to, e.g., a high film surface energy, strain, or quantum size effects. Various growth modes are possible for thicker films. Atomistic modeling provides the most detailed picture of film growth. For coherent (defect-free) epitaxial films, lattice-gas modeling analyzed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation (KMC) is particularly successful in describing film growth on the appropriate time and length scales. For large islands or complex systems, another effective and instructive approach is laterally coarse-grained step-dynamics modeling which tracks only the evolution of step edges in each layer. However, fully coarse-grained 3D continuum modeling for the evolution of a film height function does not yet have predictive capability. Examples are provided for: Ag homoepitaxy on (100), (111) and (110) surfaces; Ag heteroepitaxy on lattice-matched substrates including NiAl(110), NiAl(100), and Fe(100); and Ag heteroepitaxy on 5-fold icosohedral Al-Pd-Mn and 2-fold decagonal Al-Cu-Co quasicrystalline surfaces. C1 [Evans, J. W.; Han, Yong; Caspersen, K. J.; Layson, A. R.; Stoldt, C. R.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Uenal, Baris; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Caspersen, K. J.; Jing, Dapeng; Layson, A. R.; Stoldt, C. R.; Duguet, T.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.; Uenal, Baris; Jing, Dapeng; Duguet, T.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Maozhi] Renmin Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Uenal, Baris] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Caspersen, K. J.; Layson, A. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Layson, A. R.] Trine Univ, Dept Sci, Angola, IN 46703 USA. [Stoldt, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI DUGUET, Thomas/B-6738-2011; Han, Yong/F-5701-2012; Jing, Dapeng/M-3455-2014 OI Han, Yong/0000-0001-5404-0911; Jing, Dapeng/0000-0001-7600-7071 FU DJ; AL; CS; NSF [CHE-0809472]; BU; TD; PT; Division of Materials Sciences; USDOE BES; ML; NSF China [10704088]; USDOE; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX JE, YH, ML, and KC were supported (for the modeling work on all systems) and DJ, AL, and CS (for the experimental studies on Ag/Ag and Ag/NiAl) by NSF grant CHE-0809472 and by previous NSF grants. BU, TD, PT were supported (for experimental studies of Ag/Al-Pd-Mn and Ag/Al-Cu-Co) by the Division of Materials Sciences, USDOE BES. ML was also supported by NSF China grant 10704088. The work was performed at Ames Laboratory which is operated for the USDOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0821-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1270 BP 26 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3476231 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Physics GA BTK40 UT WOS:000287166400002 ER PT S AU De Yoreo, JJ AF De Yoreo, James J. BE Wang, M Tsukamoto, K Wu, D TI Physical Mechanisms of Crystal Growth Modification by Biomolecules SO SELECTED TOPICS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth CY AUG, 2010 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Crystallog, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Linn High Therm GmbH, Natl Lab Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing Univ DE Biomineralization; crystal growth from solution; atomic force microscopy ID CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTALLIZATION; ASPARTIC-ACID; MOLECULAR MODULATION; SELECTIVE BINDING; CITRATE; STEPS; INHIBITION; NUCLEATION; PEPTIDES; KINETICS AB During the process of biomineralization, living organisms use macromolecules to direct the nucleation and growth of a variety of inorganic materials. Because biomineral structures exhibit complex topologies, hierarchical design, and unique materials properties, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of biomolecular controls over mineral growth presents an opportunity to develop new strategies towards synthesis of novel materials for applications across a wide range of technologies. Herein the results from a combination of in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular modeling (MM) studies to investigate the effect of specific interactions between carboxylate-rich biomolecules and atomic steps on calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate crystal surfaces during the growth are reviewed. The results show how the stereochemical relationships between additive and atomic step leads to modifications of crystal shape. In some cases, the inhibitory effects of strong binders are well-explained by a model of growth inhibition based on the classic Cabrera-Vermilyea theory, but updated to take into account the particular nature of biomolecular adsorption dynamics. The consequences include a positive feedback between peptide adsorption and step inhibition that results in bistable growth with rapid switching from fast to near-zero growth rates for very small changes in supersaturation. The phenomenon of biomolecule-induced growth acceleration is also reviewed and shown to be common to both the oxalate and carbonate systems. The source of acceleration is related to the activation barrier for solute attachment to steps. Finally, experimental and theoretical results are presented that suggest most biomineral phases can not be described by conventional models in which kink formation due to thermal fluctuations at step edges is rapid enough to ensure the availability of kinks. Instead, growth is kink-limited. As a consequence, biomolecule-step interactions cannot be interpreted with traditional thermodynamic models based on minimization of the Gibbs free energy. Instead these interactions follow a different mechanism determined by the kinetics of attachment and detachment. The general nature of these findings support the plausibility of their application to industrial systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0821-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1270 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1063/1.3476238 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Physics GA BTK40 UT WOS:000287166400003 ER PT S AU Wang, HL Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Turner, John A. BE Mantz, R TI Photoelectrochemistry of Hematite Thin Films SO SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Electrolyte Interface and Photoelectrochemistry Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol, Phys & Analyt Electrochem ID IRON-OXIDE ELECTRODES; ALPHA-FE2O3 ELECTRODES; WATER OXIDATION; VISIBLE-LIGHT; WO3; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS; PHOTOANODES; SYSTEM; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Optical investigation indicated that both nanorod and pyrolysis hematite thin films show direct and indirect band gap transitions. Nanorod film shows a direct band gap of 2.14 eV and an indirect band gap of 2.04 eV. Pyrolysis film gives a direct gap of 2.15 eV and an indirect gap of 2.08 eV. Pyrolysis film has much higher IPCEs than the nanorod film. IPCE measurements give band gaps of 1.94 and 2.00 eV for nanorod film and pyrolysis film, respectively. Photocurrent onsets in 1M NaOH solution were -0.44 V for nanorod film and -0.14 V for pyrolysis film. For nanorod film, linear (photocurrent)(0.5) similar to light intensity relationship means a high charge carriers' recombination. Linear photocurrent similar to light intensity relationship with pyrolysis film indicates a fast charge transfer. Adopting pyrolysis film in the dual photoelectrode assembly resulted in zero short circuit photocurrent, due to the mis-match of the CBM of the pyrolysis film with the VBM of the p-GaInP2. It is expected that combining the advantages of the two films should form an efficient electrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting with efficient charge transfer and a large surface area. C1 [Wang, Heli; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-817-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 42 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1149/1.3416201 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BCY24 UT WOS:000311971100006 ER PT J AU Wang, CJ Cao, Q AF Wang, Congjun Cao, Qing BE Sun, Y Rogers, JA TI Thin Films of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible Electronic Device Applications SO SEMICONDUCTOR NANOMATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGIES: FROM PHOTOVOLTAICS AND ELECTRONICS TO SENSORS AND ENERGY STORAGE/HARVESTING DEVICES SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING FILMS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRONICS; COMPLEMENTARY LOGIC GATES; P-N DIODES; ALIGNED ARRAYS; NETWORK TRANSISTORS; GUIDED GROWTH; LOW-VOLTAGE; LARGE-SCALE; DIELECTRICS C1 [Wang, Congjun] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Wang, Congjun] Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15219 USA. [Cao, Qing] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Wang, CJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM congjun.wang@pp.netl.doe.gov; qcao@us.ibm.com NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4377-7824-3 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 105 EP 128 DI 10.1016/B978-1-4377-7823-6.00004-0 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEQ90 UT WOS:000317778700005 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Sun, YG Rogers, JA AF Yoon, Jongseung Sun, Yugang Rogers, John A. BE Sun, Y Rogers, JA TI Flexible Solar Cells Made of Nanowires/Microwires SO SEMICONDUCTOR NANOMATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGIES: FROM PHOTOVOLTAICS AND ELECTRONICS TO SENSORS AND ENERGY STORAGE/HARVESTING DEVICES SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS; IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ZNO NANOROD ARRAYS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; ENERGY CONVERSION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SILICON C1 [Yoon, Jongseung] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, Yugang] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yoon, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov; jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4377-7824-3 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 159 EP 196 DI 10.1016/B978-1-4377-7823-6.00006-4 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEQ90 UT WOS:000317778700007 ER PT B AU Wang, HH AF Wang, H. Hau BE Sun, Y Rogers, JA TI Flexible Chemical Sensors SO SEMICONDUCTOR NANOMATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGIES: FROM PHOTOVOLTAICS AND ELECTRONICS TO SENSORS AND ENERGY STORAGE/HARVESTING DEVICES SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; GAS SENSOR; HYDROGEN SENSORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; OXIDE-FILMS; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Hau.Wang@anl.gov NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4377-7824-3; 978-1-4377-7823-6 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 247 EP 273 DI 10.1016/B978-1-4377-7823-6.00009-X PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEQ90 UT WOS:000317778700010 ER PT J AU Seifert, CE AF Seifert, Carolyn E. BE Iniewski, K TI Compton Imaging Principles and Practice SO SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEGMENTED GERMANIUM DETECTORS; LIST-MODE LIKELIHOOD; DEPTH-OF-INTERACTION; SCATTER CAMERA; ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM RECONSTRUCTION; PET DETECTOR; READ-OUT C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Seifert, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0385-1 PY 2010 BP 281 EP 313 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BTK32 UT WOS:000287155000014 ER PT J AU Chen, CMH Cook, WR Madsen, KK Harrison, FA Chonko, JC Koglin, JE Hailey, CJ Christensen, FE Jensen, CP Craig, WW Ziock, K AF Chen, C. M. Hubert Cook, Walter R. Madsen, Kristin Kruse Harrison, Fiona A. Chonko, James C. Koglin, Jason E. Hailey, Charles J. Christensen, Finn E. Jensen, Carsten P. Craig, William W. Ziock, Klaus BE Iniewski, K TI Hard X-Ray Imaging Detectors Onboard the Balloon-Borne High-Energy Focusing Telescope SO SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CDZNTE PIXEL DETECTORS; HEFT; PERFORMANCE; CONTACTS C1 [Chen, C. M. Hubert; Cook, Walter R.; Madsen, Kristin Kruse; Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chonko, James C.; Koglin, Jason E.; Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Christensen, Finn E.; Jensen, Carsten P.] Danish Natl Space Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Craig, William W.; Ziock, Klaus] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chen, CMH (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0385-1 PY 2010 BP 359 EP 382 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BTK32 UT WOS:000287155000016 ER PT J AU Lakhankar, T Jones, AS Combs, CL Sengupta, M Haar, THV Khanbilvardi, R AF Lakhankar, Tarendra Jones, Andrew S. Combs, Cynthia L. Sengupta, Manajit Haar, Thomas H. Vonder Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Analysis of Large Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture Using a Geostatistical Method SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; kriging; variogram; AGRMET; Oklahoma Mesonet ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OKLAHOMA MESONET; FIELD; CATCHMENT; INTERPOLATION; TEMPERATURE AB Spatial and temporal soil moisture dynamics are critically needed to improve the parameterization for hydrological and meteorological modeling processes. This study evaluates the statistical spatial structure of large-scale observed and simulated estimates of soil moisture under pre-and post-precipitation event conditions. This large scale variability is a crucial in calibration and validation of large-scale satellite based data assimilation systems. Spatial analysis using geostatistical approaches was used to validate modeled soil moisture by the Agriculture Meteorological (AGRMET) model using in situ measurements of soil moisture from a state-wide environmental monitoring network (Oklahoma Mesonet). The results show that AGRMET data produces larger spatial decorrelation compared to in situ based soil moisture data. The precipitation storms drive the soil moisture spatial structures at large scale, found smaller decorrelation length after precipitation. This study also evaluates the geostatistical approach for mitigation for quality control issues within in situ soil moisture network to estimates at soil moisture at unsampled stations. C1 [Lakhankar, Tarendra; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Jones, Andrew S.; Combs, Cynthia L.; Haar, Thomas H. Vonder] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sengupta, Manajit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lakhankar, T (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; jones@cira.colostate.edu; combs@cira.colostate.edu; Manajit.Sengupta@nrel.gov; vonderhaar@cira.colostate.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011; Jones, Andrew/D-3291-2012; vonderhaar, thomas/N-6724-2015 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-0995-4957; vonderhaar, thomas/0000-0002-1962-7757 FU NOAA; DoD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University [DAAD19-02-2-0005, W911NF-06-2-0015] FX Tarendra Lakhankar was supported by NOAA through a post-doctoral position at Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University. Part of this research was supported by the DoD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreements DAAD19-02-2-0005 and W911NF-06-2-0015 with the Army Research Laboratory. The authors also thank George Mason from the Army Corps of Engineers and Gary McWilliams and Michael Mungiole from the Army Research Laboratory for many helpful discussions. We thank Dustin Rapp (CSU), and, Jeff Basara of the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for supplying the Oklahoma Mesonet data and algorithms necessary to derive the in situ volumetric water content information used in this research. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 913 EP 932 DI 10.3390/s100100913 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 548WI UT WOS:000273999800054 PM 22315576 ER PT S AU Sekhar, PK Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Nelson, MA Toracco, D Garzon, FH AF Sekhar, P. K. Brosha, E. L. Mukundan, R. Nelson, M. A. Toracco, D. Garzon, F. H. BE Mukundan, R Hunter, G Aguilar, Z TI Effect of Electrolyte Sintering Temperature on Mixed Potential Sensor Performance SO SENSORS, ACTUATORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS (GENERAL) - 216TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems General Session held during the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID OXIDE ELECTRODES; GAS SENSORS AB The article reports on the effect of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) sintering temperature on the La0.8Sr0.2CrO3/YSZ/Pt' mixed potential sensor response. In this investigation, the sintering temperature of YSZ was varied from 1000 to 1200 degrees C. The sensor response and response time was recorded for each sample. In addition, the morphology of YSZ was investigated using Mercury Porosimetry measurements. A 77% increase in sensor response and a 27 fold augment in sensor response time was observed for the sensor fabricated with YSZ sintered at 1200 degrees C when compared to a 1000 degrees C sintered device upon exposure to 100 ppm of propylene. An increase in tortuosity and a decrease in permeability coefficient were noticed for devices fabricated at higher sintering temperatures. The increase in sensitivity for the 1200 degrees C sample has been attributed to lower surface area. On the other hand, reduced gas permeability to the electrode\electrolyte interface resulted in the sluggish response. The optimized sintering temperature of YSZ based on the sensitivity-response time trade-off was found to lie between 1100 degrees and 1150 degrees C. C1 [Sekhar, P. K.; Brosha, E. L.; Mukundan, R.; Nelson, M. A.; Toracco, D.; Garzon, F. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sekhar, PK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-804-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 31 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1149/1.3327199 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing SC Electrochemistry; Remote Sensing GA BC6TI UT WOS:000354477100003 ER PT S AU Sekhar, PK Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Farber, B Shuk, P Garzon, FH AF Sekhar, P. K. Brosha, E. L. Mukundan, R. Farber, B. Shuk, P. Garzon, F. H. BE Hunter, G Aguilar, Z Carter, M Li, J TI Investigation of a New Conditioning Method for Improved Performance of non-Nernstian Sensors SO SENSORS, ACTUATORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS (GENERAL) - 217TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems General Session held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor ID MIXED POTENTIAL SENSORS; GAS SENSORS AB The article reports on a new conditioning technique referred to as the pulsed discharge technique to improve the performance of non-Nernstian potentiometric sensors. In this method, the sensor is energized through a series of positive and negative pulses between the electrodes with discharge phases in between. The sensor response is extracted from the discharge characteristics, which depend on the type of gas and its concentration. The data is presented as a combination of variables derived form the discharge characteristics. In this study, a 'La0.8Sr0.2CrO3/YSZ/Pt' sensor configuration was used to investigate this technique. The sensor baseline drift, response, and recovery time was found to improve when the device was subjected to PDT. Further, a 27-fold increase in sensor response was observed per 1000 ppm of NO compared to the device tested in the absence of PDT. The PDT technique is thought to change the interfacial defect concentration by voltage pulses in the solid electrolyte. Subsequent measurement of the relaxation rate after perturbation in the presence of the target gas gives rise to unique discharge characteristics. It is emphasized that this study has to be seen as an initial approach that demonstrates the potential of the novel conditioning principle for improving the non-Nernstian sensor performance. C1 [Sekhar, P. K.; Brosha, E. L.; Mukundan, R.; Garzon, F. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Farber, B.] BJR Sensors LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Shuk, P.] Rosemount Analyt Inc, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP Sekhar, PK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-196-0; 978-1-56677-846-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 20 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1149/1.3489927 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BHG08 UT WOS:000325322800001 ER PT S AU Collord, AD Branson, ED Fenton, KR Cook, AW Clem, P Apblett, CA AF Collord, A. D. Branson, E. D. Fenton, K. R. Cook, A. W. Clem, P. Apblett, C. A. BE Hunter, G Aguilar, Z Carter, M Li, J TI Towards Printable Open-Air Microfluidic Devices SO SENSORS, ACTUATORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS (GENERAL) - 217TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems General Session held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FABRICATION; CHIP AB We have demonstrated a novel microfluidic technique for aqueous media, which uses super-hydrophobic materials to create microfluidic channels that are open to the atmosphere. We have demonstrated the ability to perform traditional electrokinetic operations such as ionic separations and electrophoresis using these devices. The rate of evaporation was studied and found to increase with decreasing channel size, which places a limitation on the minimum size of channel that could be used for such a device. C1 [Collord, A. D.; Fenton, K. R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Collord, A. D.; Branson, E. D.; Cook, A. W.; Clem, P.; Apblett, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Collord, AD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-196-0; 978-1-56677-846-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 20 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1149/1.3489933 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BHG08 UT WOS:000325322800007 ER PT S AU Allgood, GO Olama, MM Lake, JE Brumback, D AF Allgood, Glenn O. Olama, Mohammed M. Lake, Joe E. Brumback, Daryl BE Carapezza, EM TI Capacity Utilization Study for Aviation Security Cargo Inspection Queuing System SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Discrete event simulation; queuing model; capacity utilization; subscribed capacity utilization AB In this paper, we conduct performance evaluation study for an aviation security cargo inspection queuing system for material flow and accountability. The queuing model employed in our study is based on discrete-event simulation and processes various types of cargo simultaneously. Onsite measurements are collected in an airport facility to validate the queuing model. The overall performance of the aviation security cargo inspection system is computed, analyzed, and optimized for the different system dynamics. Various performance measures are considered such as system capacity, residual capacity, throughput, capacity utilization, subscribed capacity utilization, resources capacity utilization, subscribed resources capacity utilization, and number of cargo pieces (or pallets) in the different queues. These metrics are performance indicators of the system's ability to service current needs and response capacity to additional requests. We studied and analyzed different scenarios by changing various model parameters such as number of pieces per pallet, number of TSA inspectors and ATS personnel, number of forklifts, number of explosives trace detection (ETD) and explosives detection system (EDS) inspection machines, inspection modality distribution, alarm rate, and cargo closeout time. The increased physical understanding resulting from execution of the queuing model utilizing these vetted performance measures should reduce the overall cost and shipping delays associated with new inspection requirements. C1 [Allgood, Glenn O.; Olama, Mohammed M.; Lake, Joe E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allgood, GO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,MS-6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allgoodgo@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76662T DI 10.1117/12.849316 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900059 ER PT S AU Lombardo, NJ Knudson, CK Rutz, FC Pattison, KJ Stratton, RC Wiborg, JC AF Lombardo, Nicholas J. Knudson, Christa K. Rutz, Frederick C. Pattison, Kerrie J. Stratton, Rex C. Wiborg, James C. BE Carapezza, EM TI Considerations for developing technologies for an integrated person-borne IED countermeasure architecture SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE explosives; standoff; requirements; testing; countermeasures; STIDP; sensors; large public events AB Developing an integrated person-borne improvised explosive device (IED) countermeasure to protect unstructured crowds at large public venues is the goal of the Standoff Technology Integration and Demonstration Program (STIDP), sponsored in part by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The architecture being developed includes countermeasure technologies deployed as a layered defense and enabling technologies for operating the countermeasures as an integrated system. In the architecture, early recognition of potentially higher-risk individuals is crucial. Sensors must be able to detect, with high accuracy, explosives' threat signatures in varying environmental conditions, from a variety of approaches and with dense crowds and limited dwell time. Command-and-control technologies are needed to automate sensor operation, reduce staffing requirements, improve situational awareness, and automate/facilitate operator decisions. STIDP is developing technical and operational requirements for standoff and remotely operated sensors and is working with federal agencies and foreign governments to implement these requirements into their research and development programs. STIDP also is developing requirements for a software platform to rapidly integrate and control various sensors; acquire, analyze, and record their data; and present the data in an operationally relevant manner. Requirements also are being developed for spatial analysis, tracking and assessing threats with available screening resources, and data fusion for operator decision-making. C1 [Lombardo, Nicholas J.; Knudson, Christa K.; Rutz, Frederick C.; Pattison, Kerrie J.; Stratton, Rex C.; Wiborg, James C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lombardo, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76661N DI 10.1117/12.850424 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900031 ER PT S AU Olama, MM Allgood, GO Davenport, KM Schryver, JC AF Olama, Mohammed M. Allgood, Glenn O. Davenport, Kristen M. Schryver, Jack C. BE Carapezza, EM TI A Bayesian Belief Network of Threat Anticipation and Terrorist Motivations SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IX CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Anticipation; Bayesian belief network; network engineering process ID FREQUENCY AB Recent events highlight the need for efficient tools for anticipating the threat posed by terrorists, whether individual or groups. Antiterrorism includes fostering awareness of potential threats, deterring aggressors, developing security measures, planning for future events, halting an event in process, and ultimately mitigating and managing the consequences of an event. To analyze such components, one must understand various aspects of threat elements like physical assets and their economic and social impacts. To this aim, we developed a three-layer Bayesian belief network (BBN) model that takes into consideration the relative threat of an attack against a particular asset (physical layer) as well as the individual psychology and motivations that would induce a person to either act alone or join a terrorist group and commit terrorist acts (social and economic layers). After researching the many possible motivations to become a terrorist, the main factors are compiled and sorted into categories such as initial and personal indicators, exclusion factors, and predictive behaviors. Assessing such threats requires combining information from disparate data sources most of which involve uncertainties. BBN combines these data in a coherent, analytically defensible, and understandable manner. The developed BBN model takes into consideration the likelihood and consequence of a threat in order to draw inferences about the risk of a terrorist attack so that mitigation efforts can be optimally deployed. The model is constructed using a network engineering process that treats the probability distributions of all the BBN nodes within the broader context of the system development process. C1 [Olama, Mohammed M.; Allgood, Glenn O.; Schryver, Jack C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Olama, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM olamahussemm@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8130-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7666 AR 76660V DI 10.1117/12.849464 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS37 UT WOS:000285627900015 ER PT S AU Flynn, EB Kpotufe, S Harvey, D Figueiredo, E Taylor, S Dondi, D Mollov, T Todd, MD Rosing, TS Park, G Farrar, C AF Flynn, Eric B. Kpotufe, Samory Harvey, Dustin Figueiredo, Eloi Taylor, Stuart Dondi, Denis Mollov, Todor Todd, Michael D. Rosing, Tajana Simunic Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI SHMTools: A new embeddable software package for SHM applications SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE Structural Health Monitoring; Embedded software ID DAMAGE DETECTION AB This paper describes a new software package, SHMTools, for prototyping algorithms for various structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The software includes a set of standardized MATLAB routines covering three main stages of SHM: data acquisition, feature extraction, and feature classification for damage identification. A subset of the software in SHMTools is embeddable, which consists of Matlab functions that can be cross-compiled into generic "C" programs to be run on a target hardware. The software is designed to accommodate multiple sensing modalities, including piezoelectric active-sensing, which have become widely used in SHM practice. The software package, standardized datasets, and detailed documentation are publicly available for use by the SHM community. The details of this software will be discussed, along with several example processes to demonstrate its utility. C1 [Harvey, Dustin; Taylor, Stuart; Park, Gyuhae; Farrar, Charles] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov RI Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013; OI Figueiredo, Eloi/0000-0002-9168-6903; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8062-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7647 AR 764717 DI 10.1117/12.848234 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ93 UT WOS:000285510800038 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Tan, OK Zhu, WG Cao, WQ AF Hu, Ying Tan, Ooi Kiang Zhu, Weiguang Cao, Wenqing BE Ram, MK Bhethanabotla, VR TI Solid-State Gas Sensors SO SENSORS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTOR; MIXED-OXIDE CAPACITOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE METAL-OXIDES; BINARY CARBONATE ELECTRODE; NANOPOROUS ALUMINA FILMS; CHARGE-FLOW TRANSISTOR; ALPHA-FE2O3 THIN-FILMS; LOW NO2 CONCENTRATIONS; NANO-SIZED POWDERS; SUB-PPM NO2 C1 [Hu, Ying; Tan, Ooi Kiang; Zhu, Weiguang] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sensors & Actuators Lab, Microelect Ctr, Sch EEE, Singapore, Singapore. [Cao, Wenqing] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ACS, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sensors & Actuators Lab, Microelect Ctr, Sch EEE, Nanyang Ave, Singapore, Singapore. NR 277 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3366-8 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 42 DI 10.1201/9781420005042-c1 D2 10.1201/9781420005042-f PG 42 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BTA87 UT WOS:000286312500002 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Tkac, P Paulenova, A Vandegrift, GF AF Brown, M. Alex Tkac, Peter Paulenova, Alena Vandegrift, George F. TI Influence of Temperature on the Extraction of Pu(IV) by Tri-n-butyl Phosphate from Acidic Nitrate Solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plutonium; TBP; nitrate; solvent extraction; Van't Hoff; PUREX ID CHLORIDE COMPLEXES; NITRIC-ACID; PLUTONIUM(IV); STABILITY AB The influence of temperature on the extraction of Pu(IV) into 30 vol.% tri-n-butyl phosphate in n-dodecane from acidic nitrate solutions has been investigated at temperatures ranging from T=(294 to 313) K. Temperature was found to decrease the distribution of Pu(IV). Three species of plutonium were considered present in the aqueous solution: Pu4+, [image omitted], and [image omitted]. The enthalpy and entropy of the extraction, calculated using Van't Hoff plots, are -60.4 +/- 3.34kJ center dot mol-1 and -120 +/- 10.6J center dot mol-1 center dot K-1, respectively. C1 [Paulenova, Alena] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Radiat, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vandegrift, George F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paulenova, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ctr Radiat, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alena.paulenova@oregonstate.edu RI Tkac, Peter/A-5680-2012 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 AR PII 918409655 DI 10.1080/01496390903402133 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 553EE UT WOS:000274348000007 ER PT J AU Elvington, MC Click, DR Hobbs, DT AF Elvington, Mark C. Click, Damon R. Hobbs, David T. TI Sorption Behavior of Monosodium Titanate and Amorphous Peroxotitanate Materials Under Weakly Acidic Conditions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; chromium; decontamination factor; ion exchange; metals; surface charge ID HEAVY-METAL IONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SODIUM TITANATE; EFFICIENT REMOVAL; RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUE; ACTINIDE SEPARATIONS; ADSORPTION; STRONTIUM; EXCHANGE; NANOPARTICLES AB Inorganic, titanate-based sorbents are tested with respect to adsorption of a variety of sorbates under weakly acidic conditions (pH 3). Specifically, monosodium titanate (MST) and amorphous peroxotitanate (APT) sorption characteristics are initially probed through a screening process consisting of a pair of mixed metal solutions containing a total of 29 sorbates including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, metalloids and nonmetals. MST and APT sorption characteristics are further analyzed individually with chromium(III) and cadmium(II) using a batch method at ambient laboratory temperature, varying concentrations of the sorbents and sorbates and contact times. Maximum sorbate loadings are obtained from the respective adsorption isotherms. C1 [Hobbs, David T.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This work was funded by the Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). SRNL is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC09-08SR22470. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 AR PII 918410534 DI 10.1080/01496390903401820 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 553EE UT WOS:000274348000009 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Kaminski, MD Rahimian, K Derzon, MS AF Shkrob, Ilya A. Kaminski, Michael D. Rahimian, Kamyar Derzon, Mark S. TI Magnetic Extraction, Detection, and Isotope Analysis of Metal Ions Using Surface Modified Microspheres for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic separations; ion-exchange chromatography; microfluidics; fluorometry; isotope analysis; antenna effect ID TRIOCTYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE; CMPO LIGANDS; WIDE RIM; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; LANTHANIDES; PARTICLES; EUROPIUM; THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE; MICROPARTICLES AB Liquid-liquid extraction and ion-exchange chromatography are efficient methods for sequestration of metal ions, but these methods are poorly suitable for microfluidic miniaturization. Here we examine several methods for rapid extraction, fluorometric detection, and the subsequent isotope analysis of lanthanide ions sequestered on surface modified magnetic microspheres as a versatile platform for chemical manipulation. The assays involve immobilization of a mixed-ligand complex of luminescent lanthanide ions at the surface of polystyrene microspheres. Using the ion-exchange properties of these microspheres, this scheme can be extended to the detection of nonluminescent ions. C1 [Shkrob, Ilya A.; Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rahimian, Kamyar] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Derzon, Mark S.] Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov; kaminski@anl.gov OI zaraat, javad/0000-0001-5341-7481 FU Office of Science, Division of Chemical Science, US-DOE [DE-AC-02-06CH11357]; DTRA DOD [08-43151] FX IAS and MDK thank P. Rickert and C. J. Mertz for their assistance and M. Jensen, R. Chiarizia, M. L. Dietz, L. Soderholm, and F. Stevens for many useful discussions. KR thanks S. P. Meserole, J. E. Reich, and A. Allen for their assistance. Work at Argonne was performed under the auspices of the Office of Science, Division of Chemical Science, US-DOE under contract No. DE-AC-02-06CH11357 and DTRA DOD contract 08-43151. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1080/01496390903423733 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 553EF UT WOS:000274348100006 ER PT J AU Samuels, WD LaFemina, NH Sukwarotwat, V Yantasee, W Li, XHS Fryxell, GE AF Samuels, William D. LaFemina, Nikki H. Sukwarotwat, Vichaya Yantasee, Wassana Li, Xiaohong S. Fryxell, Glen E. TI Chloromethylated Activated Carbon: A Useful New Synthon for Making a Novel Class of Sorbents for Heavy Metal Separations SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; chemically modified; chloromethylation; thiol; nanoporous; sorbent; mercury; heavy metal ID MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS SAMMS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MERCURY; REMOVAL; AMINE; ACID AB The chloromethylation of activated carbon is described. Chloromethylation was found to produce a carbon derivative with a surface area of 1310 m(2)/g and no significant change in the pore structure. The product was found to contain similar to 1.5 mmole of -CH(2)Cl groups per g of material, similar to the functional density reported in the original Merrifield resin synthesis. Displacement of the benzylic chloride was achieved by treating this material with an excess of sodium thiosulfate in refluxing aqueous methanol. The resulting Bunte salt was then hydrolyzed by treatment with warm 3M HCl to afford the corresponding thiol ("AC-CH(2)-SH'') cleanly and in high yield. AC-CH(2)-SH was found to be an effective heavy metal sorbent, efficiently capturing Hg, Pb, Ag, and Cu. Sorption kinetics were rapid, with equilibrium achieved in less than 30 minutes. C1 [Samuels, William D.; LaFemina, Nikki H.; Sukwarotwat, Vichaya; Yantasee, Wassana; Li, Xiaohong S.; Fryxell, Glen E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov FU US-DOE [DE AC06-76RLO 1830]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [1R21ES015620-01A1] FX This work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, which is operated for the US-DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE AC06-76RLO 1830. This research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), grant# 1R21ES015620-01A1. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1080/01496390903423550 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 553EF UT WOS:000274348100011 PM 23390326 ER PT J AU Meikrantz, DH Garn, TG Law, JD AF Meikrantz, D. H. Garn, T. G. Law, J. D. TI Thirty Stage Annular Centrifugal Contactor Thermal Profile Measurements SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE centrifugal contactor; CINC V-02; pilot plant; solvent extraction equipment; temperature profile ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SCALE AB A thirty stage 5cm annular centrifugal contactor cascade was assembled and tested to obtain thermal profiles during both ambient and heated input conditions of operation. Thermocouples were installed on every stage as well as feed inputs, and real-time data was taken during experiments lasting from two to eight hours at total flow rates of 0.5 to 1.4 liters per minute. Ambient temperature profile results show that only a small amount of heat is generated by the mechanical energy of the contactors. Steady state temperature profiles mimic the ambient temperature of the lab but are higher toward the middle of the cascade. Heated inlet solutions gave temperature profiles with smaller temperature gradients, more driven by the temperature of the inlet solutions than ambient lab temperature. Temperature effects of solution mixing, even at rotor speeds of 4000rpm, were not measurable. C1 [Meikrantz, D. H.; Garn, T. G.; Law, J. D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Meikrantz, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.meikrantz@inl.gov OI Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 310 EP 321 AR PII 919248339 DI 10.1080/01496390903484792 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 597AH UT WOS:000277727100002 ER PT J AU Bockenfeld, D Chen, HT Kaminski, MD Rosengart, AJ Rempfer, D AF Bockenfeld, Danny Chen, Haitao Kaminski, Michael D. Rosengart, Axel J. Rempfer, Dietmar TI A Parametric Study of a Portable Magnetic Separator for Separation of Nanospheres from Circulatory System SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood filter; magnetic carriers; magnetic filter; magnetic modeling; magnetic separation; magnetic separator; targeted drug therapy ID NANOPARTICLES AB A portable magnetic separator was proposed for in-vivo biomedical applications. In this prototype design, a matrix of alternating, parallel magnetizable wires, and biocompatible tubing is immersed into an externally applied magnetic field. The wires are magnetized and high magnetic fields as well as field gradients are created to trap blood-borne flowing magnetic nanospheres in the tube. In this paper, a parametric investigation was carried out to evaluate the capture efficiency of flowing magnetic nanospheres by a separator unit consisting of single tubing and four wires. The parameters include: mean blood velocity (1 to 20cm/s); magnetic field strength (0.1 to 2.0T); sphere size (500nm to 1000nm in radii); sphere magnetic material (iron, two types of magnetite) and magnetite content in the spheres (0.05 to 0.8 by weight); wire material (nickel, stainless steel 430, and Wairauite); wire length (2.0 to 20cm); wire size (0.125 to 1.0mm in radii); tubing size at a fixed ratio of tubing to wire diameter of unity. The results show that capture efficiencies of the spheres of well over 90% were achievable under reasonable human physiological conditions, provided that the mean blood velocities were below about 5.0cm/s. The results also show that the magnetic separator performance could be improved by maximizing the applied magnetic field strength up to about 1.0T and by reducing the size of the unit with tubing and wires of equal radii. The results help further optimize a prototype magnetic separator suitable for rapid sequestration of magnetic nanospheres from the human blood stream while accommodating necessary clinical boundary conditions. C1 [Bockenfeld, Danny; Rempfer, Dietmar] IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Chen, Haitao] Maroon Biotech Corp, Chicago, IL USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Cornell Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rempfer, D (reprint author), IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, 10 W 32nd St,243 Engn 1 Bldg, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. FU University of Chicago; University of Chicago Brain Research; Cancer Research Foundations, Chicago; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Illinois Institute of Technology FX This work was supported by the University of Chicago, and The University of Chicago Brain Research and the Cancer Research Foundations, Chicago, the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and an ERIF Grant by Illinois Institute of Technology. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 AR PII 919247854 DI 10.1080/01496390903485013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 597AH UT WOS:000277727100007 ER PT J AU Powell, BA Rao, LF Nash, KL AF Powell, Brian A. Rao, Linfeng Nash, Kenneth L. TI Effect of 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic Acid (HEDPA) on Partitioning of Np and Pu to Synthetic Boehmite SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-hydroxyethane-1; 1-diphosphonic acid; alumina; boehmite; HEDPA; neptunium; nuclear waste; plutonium ID NEPTUNIUM(V) SORPTION; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; CHELATING-AGENTS; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXATION; PLUTONIUM; GOETHITE; ACTINIDES; INTERFACE; HEMATITE AB The effect of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPA) on the sorption of Np(V) and Pu(V) to synthetic boehmite (-AlOOH) was examined as a function of time and pH (between 4 to 11). The sorption of both elements in boehmite suspensions (1M NaCl, 600mgL-1 boehmite) increased with increasing pH. The sorption edges for neptunium and plutonium occurred at approximately pH 8.0 and 6.6, respectively. After steady state partitioning was reached, HEDPA was added to the neptunium-boehmite and plutonium-boehmite suspensions. Neptunium and plutonium partitioning appears to be primarily affected by the formation of soluble Np:HEDPA and Pu:HEDPA complexes, the dissolution of boehmite promoted by HEDPA, and the precipitation of Np:HEDPA and Pu:HEDPA colloids. The results are discussed in terms of applicability of HEDPA-promoted dissolution as a waste reduction method in the treatment of sludge phases contained within high-level nuclear waste storage tanks. C1 [Powell, Brian A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Rao, Linfeng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nash, Kenneth L.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Powell, BA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. EM bpowell@clemson.edu RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The authors also acknowledge the helpful comments provided during the review of this manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 6 BP 721 EP 731 AR PII 920112546 DI 10.1080/01496391003608397 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 597AO UT WOS:000277727800001 ER PT J AU DePaoli, D Nash, K Delmau, L Dietz, M Fink, S Peterson, E Todd, T Watson, J Yiacoumi, S Aaron, D Antonio, M Bhave, R Ensor, D Felker, K Guibal, E Johnson, J Tsouris, C AF DePaoli, David Nash, Kenneth Delmau, Laetitia Dietz, Mark Fink, Samuel Peterson, Eric Todd, Terry Watson, Jack Yiacoumi, Sotira Aaron, Doug Antonio, Mark Bhave, Ramesh Ensor, Dale Felker, Kevin Guibal, Eric Johnson, Jared Tsouris, Costas TI The Sixteenth Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications Foreword SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [DePaoli, David; Nash, Kenneth] Washington State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Delmau, Laetitia; Dietz, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fink, Samuel] Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah, GA USA. [Peterson, Eric; Todd, Terry] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Yiacoumi, Sotira; Aaron, Doug] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Antonio, Mark] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ensor, Dale] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Guibal, Eric] Ecole Mines Ales, Ales, France. RP DePaoli, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Guibal, Eric/B-1045-2008; Guibal, Eric/H-4915-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Guibal, Eric/0000-0002-2767-6305; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1667 EP 1667 AR PII 926438502 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.494656 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Stepinski, D Antonio, MR AF Chiarizia, R. Stepinski, D. Antonio, M. R. TI SANS Study of HCl Extraction by Selected Neutral Organophosphorus Compounds in n-Octane SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Baxter model; distribution isotherm; liquid-liquid extraction; reverse micelle; small-angle neutron scattering; third-phase formation ID 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; 3RD-PHASE FORMATION; SURFACE-ADHESION; DODECANE SYSTEM; INORGANIC ACIDS; BAXTER MODEL; HARD-SPHERES; TBP; SCATTERING; 3RD-PHASE-FORMATION AB The extraction of HCl by tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tri-n-octyl phosphate (TOP), and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in n-octane was investigated by liquid-liquid distribution of acid and water and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. No formation of a heavy organic phase (third phase) was observed with TEHP and TOP under the experimental conditions used, whereas for 0.4M TOPO the HCl limiting organic concentration (LOC) at 23 degrees C was 0.32M (with 5.1M HCl in the equilibrium aqueous phase). For higher HCl concentrations in the aqueous phase, the organic phase splits into a light and a heavy layer. For TEHP and TOP, the SANS results, interpreted using the Baxter model for hard spheres with surface adhesion, indicated the formation of only small reverse micelles with little intermicellar attraction. For TOPO, the scattering signals suggested the formation of much larger and strongly interacting micelles. The critical values of the stickiness parameter, -1, and the interaction potential energy, U(r), for the LOC sample in the TOPO system were consistent with the model for third-phase formation previously developed for tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). According to this model, organic phase splitting is due to van der Waals interactions between the polar cores of reverse micelles formed by the extractants in the organic phase. C1 [Chiarizia, R.; Stepinski, D.; Antonio, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chiarizia@anl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1668 EP 1678 AR PII 926439697 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493828 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900002 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Huang, JF Dai, S AF Luo, Huimin Huang, Jing-Fang Dai, Sheng TI Solvent Extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ using Protic Amide-Based Ionic Liquids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Ionic liquids; protic amide-based ionic liquids; solvent extraction ID CROWN-ETHERS; METAL-IONS; GREENNESS; EXCHANGE; CESIUM AB Sixteen protic amide-based ionic liquids (ILs) derived from N,N-dimethylformamide and other protophilic amide derivatives with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide as conjugated anions were synthesized in a one-pot reaction with very high yields. All sixteen of these protic ionic liquids (PILs) were characterized by NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. These protic amide-based ionic liquids were tested as extraction solvents using dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) as an extractant for separation of Sr2+ and Cs+ from aqueous solutions. The extraction efficiencies were studied in comparison with those derived from both imidazolium-based and ammonium-based IL extraction systems. Excellent extraction efficiencies were found for a number of these ILs using DCH18C6 as an extractant. Unlike findings for imidazolium-based and ammonium-based ILs, the observed enhancement trend for the extraction efficiency associated with our amide-based ILs is not directly correlated with the enhanced hydrophilicity of the corresponding cations of the PIL system. The effects on extraction efficiencies of solution acidities, anions, and alkyl chain lengths in the cations of ILs were also investigated and reported. C1 [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Jing-Fang; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luoh@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1679 EP 1688 AR PII 926439231 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493798 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900003 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Chiarizia, R Jaffrennou, F AF Antonio, Mark R. Chiarizia, Renato Jaffrennou, Fanny TI Third-Phase Formation in the Extraction of Phosphotungstic Acid by TBP in n-Octane SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Baxter model; heteropolyacid; Keggin ion; liquid-liquid extraction; polyoxometalate; small-angle neutron scattering ID 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STICKY SPHERES MODEL; HETEROPOLY ACIDS; 12-HETEROPOLY ACIDS; SURFACE-ADHESION; BUTYL PHOSPHATE; DODECANE SYSTEM; INORGANIC ACIDS; HARD-SPHERES AB The solvent extraction of 12-phosphotungstic acid, also known as 12-tungstophosphoric acidH3PW12O40, the so-called Keggin heteropolyacidby 0.73M (20%v/v) tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in n-octane under conditions comparable to those used previously for the extraction of conventional inorganic mineral acids is described. A simplified phase diagram for the pentanary system comprised of H3PW12O40, HNO3, H2O, TBP, and n-octane reveals an extremely low initial concentration of H3PW12O40 (1.1mM) at the LOC (limiting organic concentration) condition, far lower than the most effective third-phase-forming inorganic acid, namely HClO4. The results from small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) indicate that the interparticle attraction energyU(r) calculated through application of the Baxter sticky sphere model to the SANS data at the LOC conditiondoes not approach the -2 kBT value associated with phase splitting in previous studies of TBP third-phase formation. The third-phase formation model based on attractive interactions between polar cores of reverse micelles, successfully developed for TBP and other extraction systems does not apply to the extraction of H3PW12O40. Rather, the separation of a third-phase from the TBP organic phase stems from the limited solubility of the heavy and highly polar H3PW12O40-TBP species in the alkane diluent. C1 [Antonio, Mark R.; Chiarizia, Renato; Jaffrennou, Fanny] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mantonio@anl.gov OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1689 EP 1698 AR PII 926440202 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493793 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900004 ER PT J AU Precek, M Paulenova, A Tkac, P Knapp, N AF Precek, Martin Paulenova, Alena Tkac, Peter Knapp, Nathan TI Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Oxidation State of Neptunium in Nitric Acid in the Presence of Selected Scavengers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE acetamide; irradiation; methylurea; neptunium; nitrous acid ID TBP EXTRACTION SYSTEM; CATALYZED OXIDATION; EQUILIBRIUM; NP(IV); VI AB A series of experiments was performed with selected reagents that were added to inhibit the reduction of Np(VI) to Np(V) during irradiation of its solutions in HNO3. Acetamide and methylurea as nitrous acid scavengers, and vanadium(V) as a neptunium(V) oxidizer, were examined in this effort. Solutions of these reagents in 4M HNO3 were irradiated in a Co-60 gamma irradiator. Additions of 1-10mM of methylurea and vanadium(V) essentially had no effect on the final oxidation state of Np after irradiation with a dose of 60kGy, while the addition of higher concentrations of methylurea (50 and 100mM) led to an almost complete reduction of Np to the tetravalent oxidation state. C1 [Precek, Martin] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paulenova, Alena] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tkac, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Knapp, Nathan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Precek, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM precekm@lifetime.oregonstate.edu RI Tkac, Peter/A-5680-2012; Precek, Martin/G-5648-2014 OI Precek, Martin/0000-0002-5790-5543 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1699 EP 1705 AR PII 926439972 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493833 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900005 ER PT J AU Lapka, JL Paulenova, A Herbst, RS Law, JD AF Lapka, J. L. Paulenova, A. Herbst, R. Scott Law, J. D. TI The Radiolytic and Thermal Stability of Diamides of Dipicolinic Acid SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE diamides; dipicolinic acid; extraction; radiolysis; UNEX ID EXTRACTION; ACTINIDES; U(VI) AB The thermal and radiolytical stabilities of three isomers of N,N'-diethyl-N,N'-ditolyl-dipicolinamide (EtTDPA) were investigated. Radiolysis was performed at doses up to 125kGy and thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of up to 450 degrees C. Infrared data showed increasing amounts of aromatic nitration by nitric acid correlating to larger doses. However, gamma ray doses of up to 125kGy did not cause any significant effects in separation performance with the studied extraction mixtures containing americium or europium within the studied range. The highest separation factor between americium and europium was seen using the meta isomer with an average value of 4.1 across all doses applied in this work. C1 [Lapka, J. L.; Paulenova, A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Paulenova, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 100 Radiat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Alena.Paulenova@oregonstate.edu OI Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1706 EP 1710 AR PII 926438989 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493830 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900006 ER PT J AU Peterman, DR Greenhalgh, MR Tillotson, RD Klaehn, JR Harrup, MK Luther, TA Law, JD AF Peterman, D. R. Greenhalgh, M. R. Tillotson, R. D. Klaehn, J. R. Harrup, M. K. Luther, T. A. Law, J. D. TI Selective Extraction of Minor Actinides from Acidic Media Using Symmetric and Asymmetric Dithiophosphinic Acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE dithiophosphinic acid; separation; trivalent actinide; trivalent lanthanide ID LANTHANIDE CATIONS; TRIVALENT ACTINIDE; SEPARATION; COMPLEXES AB The minor actinides (Am and Cm) and other transplutonium elements represent significant, long-term hazards found in spent nuclear fuel. The selective extraction of the minor actinides from the lanthanides is an important part of advanced reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. This separation would allow the minor actinides to be fabricated into a target and recycled to a reactor and the lanthanides to be disposed. Due to the similarities in the chemical properties of the trivalent actinides and lanthanides, this separation is difficult to accomplish. The introduction of soft donor groups, such as N or S, into similarly structured ligands increases the differentiation between An(III) and Ln(III) cation coordination. Partly because of limitations imposed by synthetic methodologies, previous studies of dithiophosphinic acid (DPAH) extractants has been restricted to a comparatively small number of symmetrical dialkyl and diaryl derivatives. Research efforts at the Idaho National Laboratory have resulted in the recent development of an innovative synthetic pathway yielding new regiospecific DPAH extractants. The synthesis improves DPAH designs that can address the issues concerning minor actinide separation efficiency and extractant stability. Several new symmetric and asymmetric DPAH extractants have been prepared. The use of these extractants for the separation of minor actinides from lanthanides will be discussed. In addition, the variation in the extent of Am(III) extraction by a related series of DPAH isomers will be presented. C1 [Peterman, D. R.; Greenhalgh, M. R.; Tillotson, R. D.; Klaehn, J. R.; Harrup, M. K.; Luther, T. A.; Law, J. D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Peterman, DR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Dean.Peterman@inl.gov RI Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017; OI Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1711 EP 1717 AR PII 926438820 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493787 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900007 ER PT J AU Tian, GX Rao, LF AF Tian, Guoxin Rao, Linfeng TI Effect of Temperature on the Protonation of the TALSPEAK Ligands: Lactic and Diethylenetrinitropentaacetic Acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Diethylenetrinitropentaacetic acid; lactic acid; protonation; temperature effect ID HYDROLYSIS; EXTRACTION AB The protonation reactions of two ligands that play important roles in the TALSPEAK process for the separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides, lactic acid, and diethylenetrinitropentaacetic acid (DTPA), have been studied at variable temperatures. The protonation constants at 10-70 degrees C were determined by titration potentiometry and the protonation enthalpies were determined at 25 degrees C by titration microcalorimetry. The protonation constants remain essentially unchanged (25-70 degrees C) within the experimental uncertainties, indicating that the effect of temperature on the protonation of lactate is insignificant. In contrast, the protonation constants of DTPA (logH's) generally decrease as the temperature is increased. Results from this study indicate that the effect of temperature on the protonation of DTPA could alter the speciation of metal ions (actinides and lanthanides) in the TALSPEAK system, since lower values of logH at higher temperatures suggest that the hydrogen ions would compete less strongly with the metal ions for the complexation of DTPA at higher temperatures. C1 [Tian, Guoxin; Rao, Linfeng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenm T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenm T Seaborg Ctr, MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lrao@161.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1718 EP 1724 AR PII 926438506 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.494712 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900008 ER PT J AU Matteson, BS Tkac, P Paulenova, A AF Matteson, Brent S. Tkac, Peter Paulenova, Alena TI Complexation Chemistry of Zirconium(IV), Uranium(VI), and Iron(III) with Acetohydroxamic Acid SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE arsenazo III; complexation; hydroxamic acid; iron; SQUAD; uranium; zirconium ID SIMPLE HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; PLUTONIUM(IV) IONS; EXTRACTION; HYDROLYSIS; BEHAVIOR; EQUILIBRIA; SPECIATION; PHOSPHATE; SYSTEM AB The complexation of zirconium(IV), uranium(VI), and iron(III) with acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) has been analyzed spectrophotometrically in various ionic strengths at 25 degrees C. Arsenazo III (AAIII) was used as an indicator for unbound zirconium. The SQUAD computational program was employed to evaluate the stability constants. Conditional stability constants of four zirconium complexes Zr(AAIII)3+, [image omitted], Zr(AHA)3+, and [image omitted] were determined in 1mol center dot L-1 HClO4 as log '=5.09, 10.29, 12.78, and 23.13, respectively. Conditional stability constants of UO2(AHA)+, Fe(AHA)2+, [image omitted], and Fe(AHA)3, in 0.1mol center dot L-1 HNO3 were calculated as [image omitted]=8.32, 11.00, 20.93, and 28.75, respectively. C1 [Paulenova, Alena] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Radiat, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matteson, Brent S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tkac, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paulenova, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Ctr Radiat, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alena.paulenova@oregonstate.edu RI Tkac, Peter/A-5680-2012 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1733 EP 1742 AR PII 926439041 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493829 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900010 ER PT J AU Shehee, T Martin, LR Zalupski, PR Nash, KL AF Shehee, Thomas Martin, Leigh R. Zalupski, Peter R. Nash, Kenneth L. TI Redox-Based Separation of Americium from Lanthanides in Sulfate Media SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE americium; lanthanides; persulfate; solid-liquid separation ID PHOSPHORIC ACID-SOLUTIONS; 20-DEGREES-C; SOLUBILITY; OXIDATION; SODIUM; ION AB In the development of advanced nuclear fuel cycles, a primary motivation is the reduction of the long-term radiotoxicity of the wastes. From a few decades to several thousand years after removal of the fuel from the reactor, americium (Am) dominates the radiotoxicity of used fuel, thus its transmutation represents an attractive option for improved management of the residues. However, every viable scenario for transmutation of Am demands some degree of separation of Am from fission product lanthanides. Partitioning of Am from curium further simplifies the transmutation process. The mutual separation of these elements is very challenging due to their similar chemistry. The focus of this work is on the utilization of the upper oxidation states of americium (Am(V/VI)) to facilitate a more efficient separation of Am from fission product lanthanides and curium. A minimum 90% efficient separation of americium from the lanthanides and curium has been achieved in the laboratory by selectively oxidizing trivalent Am to the hexavalent state using Na2S2O8. At equilibrium, lanthanides are precipitated as sodium lanthanide sulfate double salts, while oxidized Am species remain predominantly in the supernatant phase. Trivalent curium is readily coprecipitated with the NaLn(SO4)2 solid. Parallel studies of oxidized uranium, neptunium, and plutonium solutions support the conclusion that Am(VI) has sufficient stability to allow the separation to be completed in a reasonable time frame. A particular advantage of this approach is the absence of readily oxidized species that can quickly reverse the oxidation of Am and thus negate the separation. A variety of chemical and physical characterization techniques have been applied to profile the performance of the system. C1 [Shehee, Thomas; Nash, Kenneth L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Martin, Leigh R.; Zalupski, Peter R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM knash@wsu.edu RI Shehee, Thomas/D-3876-2011; OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1743 EP 1752 AR PII 926439450 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493814 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900011 ER PT J AU Law, JD Garn, TG Meikrantz, DH Warburton, J AF Law, Jack D. Garn, Troy G. Meikrantz, David H. Warburton, Jamie TI Pilot-Scale TRUEX Flowsheet Testing for Separation of Actinides and Lanthanides from used Nuclear Fuel SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE actinide extraction; centrifugal contactor; lanthanide extraction; TRUEX AB Testing of a TRUEX flowsheet has been performed using a thirty-stage, 5-cm centrifugal contactor pilot plant. This testing was performed using a non-radioactive feed surrogate and data were collected and analyzed to evaluate removal efficiencies of the lanthanides, mass transfer efficiency of the lanthanides in the extraction and strip sections of the flowsheet, and the temperature profile of the process solutions throughout the centrifugal contactor pilot plant. Results indicate 99.9% separation for all lanthanides and mass transfer efficiencies typically ranging from 85% to 100%. Energy input into the process under flowsheet conditions resulted in only a moderate temperature rise and did not appear to have a large effect on separations performance. The general process performance is also described. C1 [Law, Jack D.; Garn, Troy G.; Meikrantz, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Warburton, Jamie] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Law, JD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jack.law@inl.gov OI Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1769 EP 1775 AR PII 926440354 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493832 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900014 ER PT J AU Delashmitt, JS Canaan, RD Denton, DL Giaquinto, JM Smith, RR Sutherland, JE Woody, BK AF Delashmitt, J. S. Canaan, R. D. Denton, D. L. Giaquinto, J. M. Smith, R. R. Sutherland, J. E. Woody, B. K. TI The Transuranium Analytical Laboratory's Support for Production of Transcurium Isotopes during Campaign 74 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Berkelium; Bk-249; Californium; Cf-252; extraction chromotography; formic; thiocynate; TEVA; TTA ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRECONCENTRATION; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; RESIN AB The Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the production, storage, and distribution center for the heavy-element research program of the U.S. Department of Energy. The REDC and the neighboring High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) were built to produce quantities of transuranium elements for use in national and international research programs and since 1966 has been the main center of production for transcurium elements in the United States. In 2009, REDC successfully completed Campaign 74, its latest Bk-249/Cf-252 production campaign. The Transuranium Analytical Laboratory (TAL), located within REDC, provides the needed chemical and radiochemical analyses on a wide variety of nuclear matrixes in support of these production campaigns of transcurium isotopes. Titrations, dissolutions, separations, and dilutions of high activity samples are completed in hot-cells and glove-boxes in preparation for analytical radiochemistry determinations completed at the TAL in support of the REDC's mission. Within Campaign 74, the Transuranium Analytical Laboratory implemented a quick and reliable radiochemical method for the determination of Bk-249 that was used throughout the purification process at key hold points to ensure the delivery of a final purified product. C1 [Delashmitt, J. S.; Canaan, R. D.; Denton, D. L.; Giaquinto, J. M.; Smith, R. R.; Sutherland, J. E.; Woody, B. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Delashmitt, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 7920,MS 6384, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delashmittjs@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1776 EP 1781 AR PII 926438766 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.494713 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900015 ER PT J AU Rudisill, TS Hobbs, DT Edwards, TB AF Rudisill, Tracy S. Hobbs, David T. Edwards, Thomas B. TI Plutonium Solubility in Simulated Savannah River Site Waste Solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE alkaline high level waste salt solution; plutonium; Savannah River Site; solubility AB To address the accelerated disposition of the supernate and salt portions of Savannah River Site (SRS) high level waste (HLW), solubility experiments were performed to develop a predictive capability for plutonium (Pu) solubility. A statistically designed experiment was used to measure the solubility of Pu in simulated solutions with salt concentrations and temperatures which bounded those observed in SRS HLW solutions. Constituents of the simulated waste solutions included: hydroxide (OH-), aluminate [image omitted], sulfate [image omitted], carbonate [image omitted], nitrate [image omitted], and nitrite [image omitted] anions. Each anion was added to the waste solution in the sodium form. The solubilities were measured at 25 and 80 degrees C. Five sets of samples were analyzed over a six month period and a partial sample set was analyzed after nominally fifteen months of equilibration. No discernable time dependence of the measured Pu concentrations was observed except for two salt solutions equilibrated at 80 degrees C which contained OH- concentrations 5mol/L. In these solutions, the Pu solubility increased with time. This observation was attributed to the air oxidation of a portion of the Pu from Pu(IV) to the more soluble Pu(V) or Pu(VI) valence states. A data driven approach was subsequently used to develop a modified response surface model for Pu solubility. Solubility data from this study and historical data from the literature were used to fit the model. The model predicted the Pu solubility of the solutions from this study within the 95% confidence interval for individual predictions and the analysis of variance indicated no statistically significant lack of fit. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) model was compared with predicted values from the Aqueous Electrolyte (AQ) model developed by OLI Systems, Inc. and a solubility prediction equation developed by Delegard and Gallagher for Hanford tank waste. The agreement between measured or values predicted by the SRNL model and values predicted by the OLI AG model was very poor. The much higher predicted concentrations by the OLI AQ model appears to be the result of the model predicting the predominate Pu oxidation state is Pu(V) which is reported as unstable below sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations of 6M. There was very good agreement between the predicted Pu concentrations using the SRNL model and the model developed by Delegard and Gallagher with the exception of solutions that had very high OH- (15M) concentrations. The lower Pu solubilities in these solutions were attributed to the presence of [image omitted] and [image omitted] which limit the oxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(V). C1 [Rudisill, Tracy S.; Hobbs, David T.; Edwards, Thomas B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Rudisill, TS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM tracy.rudisill@srnl.doe.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1782 EP 1792 AR PII 926439385 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.494090 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900016 ER PT J AU King, WD Edwards, TB Hobbs, DT Wilmarth, WR AF King, William D. Edwards, Tommy B. Hobbs, David T. Wilmarth, William R. TI Solubility of Uranium and Plutonium in Alkaline Savannah River Site High Level Waste Solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE actinide; clarkeite; precipitation; x-ray diffraction ID URANYL CARBONATE SYSTEMS; STABILITY CONSTANT; EQUILIBRIA; UO2(CO3)34; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY AB Five actual Savannah River Site tank waste samples and three chemically-modified samples were tested to determine solubility limits for uranium and plutonium over a one year time period. Observed final uranium concentrations ranged from 7mgU/L to 4.5gU/L. Final plutonium concentrations ranged from 4 mu gPu/L to 12mgPu/L. Actinide carbonate complexation is believed to result in the dramatic solubility increases observed for one sample over long time periods. Clarkeite, NaUO2(O)OH center dot H2O, was found to be the dominant uranium solid phase in equilibrium with the waste supernate in most cases. C1 [King, William D.; Edwards, Tommy B.; Hobbs, David T.; Wilmarth, William R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP King, WD (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM william02.king@srnl.doe.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1793 EP 1800 AR PII 926439124 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493820 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900017 ER PT J AU Peters, TB Poirier, MR Fink, SD AF Peters, T. B. Poirier, M. R. Fink, S. D. TI Processing Macrobatch 2 at the Savannah River Site Integrated Salt Disposition Process (ISDP) SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE actinide; ARP; BOBCalixC6 (R); cesium; MCU; MST AB The Savannah River Site (SRS) is currently removing liquid radioactive waste from the tanks in its Tank Farm. To treat waste streams that are high in 137Cs, 90Sr, and/or actinides, SRS developed the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit. Collectively, these two processes make up the Integrated Salt Disposition Process (ISDP). The ARP part is responsible for the removal of strontium and actinides, while the MCU part is responsible for removing cesium. This paper discusses the qualification testing of the second batch of caustic waste that is being processed through ISDP currently. This paper also describes the tests conducted and compares results with current facility performance. The ARP contacts the salt solution with monosodium titanate (MST) to sorb strontium and select actinides. After MST contact, the resulting slurry is filtered to remove the MST (and sorbed strontium and actinides) and entrained sludge. The filtrate is transferred to the MCU for further treatment to remove cesium. The solid particulates removed by the filter are concentrated to 5wt%, washed to reduce the sodium concentration, and transferred to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) for vitrification. The CSSX process extracts the cesium from the radioactive waste using a customized solvent to produce a Decontaminated Salt Solution (DSS), then strips and concentrates the cesium from the solvent with dilute nitric acid. The DSS is incorporated in grout while the strip acid solution is transferred to DWPF for vitrification. In order to predict waste behavior, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) personnel performed tests using actual radioactive samples of the second waste batch - Macrobatch 2 - for processing prior to the start of the operation. Testing included MST sorption to remove strontium and actinides followed by CSSX batch contact tests to verify expected cesium mass removal and concentration. This paper describes the tests conducted and compares results from MCU facility operations. The results include strontium, plutonium, and cesium removal, cesium concentration, and organic entrainment and recovery data. Our work indicates that the bench scale tests are a conservative predictor of actual waste performance. C1 [Peters, T. B.; Poirier, M. R.; Fink, S. D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Peters, TB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM thomas.peters@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1801 EP 1806 AR PII 926438733 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.494710 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900018 ER PT J AU Edwards, MK Russell, RL Shimskey, RW Peterson, RA AF Edwards, M. K. Russell, R. L. Shimskey, R. W. Peterson, R. A. TI Bench-Scale Testing of the Continuous Sludge Leaching Process SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE boehmite; filtration; high level waste; leaching ID SODIUM-HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS; DISSOLUTION; GIBBSITE; BOEHMITE; RATES AB Boehmite has proved to be a difficult aluminum phase to dissolve out of high-level waste (HLW), requiring longer residence times and higher temperatures than the gibbsite phase for more complete dissolution. To provide a simple, compact, effective, and proven method to remove aluminum from HLW sludges, HLW feed can be blended with caustic in a reaction vessel while continuously removing permeate from the reactor. This approach allows for a concurrent addition of fresh caustic and HLW feed while simultaneously removing concentrated reacted slurry. Separation in this manner will keep solids in the reactor for longer periods of time, allowing for higher conversions than could be achieved in a normal batch reactor. The advantages for this continuous sludge leaching process are the reduction of the number of high level waste canisters by one-third to one-half at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant, resulting in billions of dollars in life-cycle cost savings. Bench-scale continuous reactor tests confirmed that the boehmite removal can be achieved to meet these canister reduction goals. C1 [Edwards, M. K.; Russell, R. L.; Shimskey, R. W.; Peterson, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, MK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM matthew.edwards@pnl.gov OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1807 EP 1813 AR PII 926439425 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493799 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900019 ER PT J AU Russell, R Snow, L Peterson, R AF Russell, Renee Snow, Lanee Peterson, Reid TI Methods to Avoid Post-Filtration Precipitation in Treatment of High-Level Waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Hanford; high-level waste; kinetics; post-filtration; precipitation; simulant AB The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant, currently under construction for treating high level waste at the Hanford Site, will rely on ultrafiltration to provide solids/liquid separation as a core part of the treatment process. A series of bench-scale simulant tests have been performed to evaluate the potential for post-filtration precipitation. These tests focused on identifying precipitation from a range of potential feed compositions and providing the data required to evaluate mitigation options. This data is also important to the Savannah River Site as they are also attempting to dissolve saltcake from their tanks. Inadvertent solids formation after saltcake dissolution, either within a staging tank or in transfer piping can have serious repercussions on the eventual retrieval and transfer of the waste. A series of tests were performed using a variety of simulant samples. These tests identified the expected extent of supersaturation that develops under normal operations and identified and characterized the solids phases that are expected to form when the filtrate solutions are stored. In addition, tests identified the potential to mitigate the formation of these solids through both dilution and the application of increased temperature. C1 [Russell, Renee; Snow, Lanee; Peterson, Reid] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Russell, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM renee.russell@pnl.gov OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1814 EP 1821 AR PII 926439151 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493806 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900020 ER PT J AU Nash, CA Isom, ST AF Nash, C. A. Isom, S. T. TI Characterization of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin Cesium Adsorption with Batch Contact Tests SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE cesium; ion exchange; resorcinol-formaldehyde; spherical resin AB Batch contact tests provided data that will be useful in cesium isotherm modeling of spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde ion exchange resin. This resin is the baseline for cesium removal from alkaline high sodium nuclear waste at the Hanford River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant and is being considered for other applications. Batch contact work at 25 degrees C found that increasing potassium concentration in alkaline solution simulating waste unexpectedly improves cesium adsorption when cesium concentration exceeds about 0.001M. At lower cesium levels potassium competes with cesium for adsorption on the resin as expected. Additional batch work found that dimethylamine cation competes strongly with sodium adsorption with no significant reduction in cesium adsorption. C1 [Nash, C. A.; Isom, S. T.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Nash, CA (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM charles.nash@srnl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1822 EP 1827 AR PII 926440072 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493796 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900021 ER PT J AU Duignan, MR Nash, CA AF Duignan, Mark R. Nash, Charles A. TI Removal of Cesium from Savannah River Site Waste with Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde Ion Exchange Resin: Experimental Tests SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE batch tests; in-tank Cs separation; small column ion exchange AB A principal goal at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is to safely dispose of the large volume of liquid nuclear waste held in many storage tanks. In-tank ion exchange (IX) columns are being considered for cesium removal. The spherical form of resorcinol formaldehyde ion exchange resin (sRF) is being evaluated for decontamination of dissolved saltcake waste at SRS, which is generally lower in potassium and organic components than the Hanford waste. The sRF performance with SRS waste was evaluated in two phases: resin batch contacts and IX column testing with both simulated and actual dissolved salt waste. The tests, equipment, and results are discussed. C1 [Duignan, Mark R.; Nash, Charles A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Duignan, MR (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM mark.duignan@srnl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1828 EP 1840 AR PII 926439748 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493105 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900022 ER PT J AU White, TL Crawford, CL Burket, PR Calloway, TB AF White, T. L. Crawford, C. L. Burket, P. R. Calloway, T. B. TI Stability of Dow Corning Q2-3183A Antifoam Agent in Irradiated Hydroxide Solution SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE antifoam; caustic; degradation study AB Researchers at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) examined the stability of Dow Corning Q2-3183A antifoam agent to radiation and aqueous hydroxide solutions. Initial foam control studies with the Hanford tank waste showed that the antifoam agent reduced foaming. The antifoam agent was further tested using simulated Hanford tank waste spiked with an antifoam agent that was heated and irradiated (2.1x104rad/h) at conditions (90 degrees C, 3M NaOH, 8h) expected in the processing of radioactive waste through the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) at Hanford. After irradiation, the concentration of the major polymer components polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) in the antifoam agent was determined by GPC. No significant loss of the major polymer components was observed after 24h and only 15wt% loss of PDMS was reported after 48h. The presence of degradation products were not observed by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), or high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). G values were calculated from the GPC analysis and tabulated. These analyses indicate that any loss of effectiveness of the antifoam agent within 24h of addition to the waste solution is not primarily due to chemical degradation but results from the separation and/or redistribution of the antifoam components from each other by physical means. C1 [White, T. L.; Crawford, C. L.; Burket, P. R.; Calloway, T. B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP White, TL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM thomas02.white@srnl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1849 EP 1857 AR PII 926440027 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493813 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900024 ER PT J AU Poirier, MR Hay, MS Herman, DT Crapse, KP Thaxton, GD Fink, SD AF Poirier, M. R. Hay, M. S. Herman, D. T. Crapse, K. P. Thaxton, G. D. Fink, S. D. TI Removal of Sludge Heels in Savannah River Site Waste Tanks with Oxalic Acid SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE chemical cleaning; oxalic acid; sludge ID DISSOLUTION; HEMATITE; KINETICS; IRON AB The Savannah River Site (SRS) is preparing two tanks for closure. The first step in preparing the tank for closure is mechanical sludge removal. In mechanical sludge removal, a liquid such as inhibited water or salt solution is added to the tank, the liquid is mixed with the sludge to form a slurry, and the slurry is transported from the tank. Mechanical cleaning removes a large fraction of the sludge in the tank, but it leaves a sludge heel of several thousand gallons. SRS employs chemical cleaning to remove this sludge heel. In chemical cleaning, oxalic acid is added to the tank to dissolve the sludge, and the liquid, containing the dissolved sludge, is transported from the tank. The authors conducted demonstrations of the chemical cleaning process with simulated SRS waste and actual SRS waste to assess the effectiveness of oxalic acid in dissolving SRS sludge. Following these demonstrations, SRS conducted chemical cleaning in two waste tanks (referred to as Tank A and Tank B). During chemical cleaning, the authors analyzed samples to assess the effectiveness of the chemical cleaning in removing the sludge heel. The conclusions from this work follow. With the exception of iron, the dissolution of sludge components from Tank A agreed with results from the actual waste demonstration performed in 2007. The fraction of iron removed from Tank A by chemical cleaning was significantly less than the fraction removed in the SRNL demonstrations. The likely cause of this difference is the high pH following the first oxalic acid strike. The dissolution of sludge components from Tank B agreed with results from the actual waste demonstration performed in 2007. The fraction of plutonium removed from Tank B by chemical cleaning was slightly higher than the fraction removed in the SRNL demonstrations. Most of the sludge mass remaining in the tank is iron and nickel. The remaining sludge contains significant amounts of barium, chromium, and mercury. Most of the radioactivity remaining in the residual material is beta emitters and 90Sr. The chemical cleaning removed a large fraction of the uranium, aluminum, calcium, sodium, strontium, and cesium. The chemical cleaning was not effective at removing nickel, mercury, plutonium, americium, and curium. C1 [Poirier, M. R.; Hay, M. S.; Herman, D. T.; Crapse, K. P.; Fink, S. D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Thaxton, G. D.] Savannah River Remediat, Aiken, SC USA. RP Poirier, MR (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Michael.poirier@srnl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1858 EP 1875 AR PII 926440108 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493808 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900025 ER PT J AU Fondeur, FF Hobbs, DT Fink, SD AF Fondeur, F. F. Hobbs, D. T. Fink, S. D. TI The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Uranium and Strontium Sorption on Monosodium Titanate SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE actinide; gradient field AB The presence of a magnetic field gradient enhanced the rate of strontium and uranium sorption onto monosodium titanate. The enhancement was evident only in the early contact times and did not impact the equilibrium capacity of the sorbent. No enhancement was seen when the sorption test was conducted under a homogeneous magnetic field. Further studies are needed to determine if the enhancement is also seen with other cations and/or anions. C1 [Fondeur, F. F.; Hobbs, D. T.; Fink, S. D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Fondeur, FF (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM fernando.fondeur@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1876 EP 1879 AR PII 926439513 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493107 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900026 ER PT J AU Stone, ML Orme, CJ Peterson, ES Bauer, WF Stewart, FF Harrup, MK Luther, TA Klaehn, JR Wey, JE AF Stone, Mark L. Orme, Christopher J. Peterson, Eric S. Bauer, William F. Stewart, Frederick F. Harrup, Mason K. Luther, Thomas A. Klaehn, John R. Wey, John E. TI Water Transport Polymers - Structure/Property Relationships of a Series of Phosphazene Polymers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE polyphosphazenes; water transport membranes ID GAS; PERMEABILITY; MEMBRANES; NMR AB A study was undertaken to explore the water passing properties of a series of phosphazene polymers versus the attached pendant group structure. Pendant groups containing different numbers of ethyleneoxy groups were synthetically attached to the backbone of phosphazene polymers. Phosphazene polymers facilitate these types of studies because, during their synthesis, the polymer backbone is formed first and then the desired pendant groups are attached through nucleophilic substitution. For these studies, four polymer series were synthesized and tested for their water passing properties. The polymers contained different amounts of ethyleneoxy units. Two different polymer families were synthesized and compared in this work. The critical difference in the two polymer series is that one contained pendant groups with aromatic rings, in addition to the oligioethyleneoxy moieties, while the other has no aromatic rings in its structure. Polymers with phenyl group-containing pendant groups exhibited poor water permeability if they possessed fewer than six ethyleneoxy units. Polymers with more than six ethyleneoxy units inserted between the phenyl ring (tail) and the polymeric backbone exhibited reasonable water permeability. Two additional series of polymers with mixed pendant groups were synthesized and the water passing properties of the phosphazenes varied in proportion to the hydrophilic to hydrophobic balance induced by each individual pendant group. A final study of polymers with shorter pendant groups demonstrated the effect of pendant group on water permeability. These studies suggest that the polyphosphazenes may be tailored for specific water passing applications. C1 [Stone, Mark L.; Orme, Christopher J.; Peterson, Eric S.; Bauer, William F.; Stewart, Frederick F.; Harrup, Mason K.; Luther, Thomas A.; Klaehn, John R.; Wey, John E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM mark.stone@inl.gov RI Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017; Bauer, William/B-8357-2016; Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939; Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700; Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1880 EP 1885 AR PII 926439800 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493817 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900027 ER PT J AU Karni, CM Rains, WO Counce, RM Watson, JS Spencer, BB Del Cul, GD AF Karni, C. M. Rains, W. O. Counce, R. M. Watson, J. S. Spencer, B. B. Del Cul, G. D. TI Water and Mean Ionic Activities of Aqueous HNO3 Solutions Calculated from an Extension of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Model SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE activity coefficient; aqueous electrolyte; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET); mean ionic activity; modified adsorption isotherm (MAI); nitric acid; Stokes-Robinson; water ID CONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERM MODEL; DEW-POINT APPARATUS; NITRIC-ACID; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; LIQUIDUS CURVES; SYSTEM; SALT; MIXTURES AB The objective for this research was to employ the extended adsorption isotherm (EAI) to develop a predictive relationship between the activity of H2O (aw) and the mean ionic activity (a +/-) of aqueous HNO3. The EAI model is a calculative approach to the estimation of solutions for activities of highly non-ideal chemical systems and is the collective efforts of Stokes and Robinson, Abraham, and Ally and Braunstein. From previous works of the HNO3-H2O system by Rains et al., a predictive model of relevant aqueous phase activities was developed that only needs knowledge of composition and temperature of the HNO3 solution. C1 [Karni, C. M.; Rains, W. O.; Counce, R. M.; Watson, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Spencer, B. B.; Del Cul, G. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Karni, CM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cmkarni@gmail.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1894 EP 1900 AR PII 926439282 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493850 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900029 ER PT J AU McFarlane, J Luo, H Garland, M Steele, WV AF McFarlane, J. Luo, H. Garland, M. Steele, W. V. TI Evaluation of Phenylnaphthalenes as Heat Transfer Fluids for High Temperature Energy Applications SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 18-22, 2009 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE concentrating solar power energy storage; high temperature heat transfer fluids; substituted naphthalenes; thermodynamic properties ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HOT-WATER EXTRACTION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; 2-PHENYLNAPHTHALENE; CONFORMATION; BIPHENYL; COMBUSTION; STABILITY AB The thermodynamic properties of 1- and 2-phenyl substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been measured and estimated under conditions relevant to heat transport applications almost to the critical point. Densities, vapor pressures, and heat capacity measurements were used to derive critical temperature, pressure, and density for the phenylnaphthalenes. The thermal and radiolytic stability of 1-phenylnaphthalene was examined using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetery, and gamma irradiation. Low melting point, low vapor pressure, high critical temperature, and resistance to thermal decomposition may make phenylnaphthalenes suitable for heat transfer applications up to 800K, including power generation and separations processes. C1 [McFarlane, J.; Luo, H.; Garland, M.; Steele, W. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McFarlane, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4500N,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcfarlanej@ornl.gov RI McFarlane, Joanna/C-5998-2016 OI McFarlane, Joanna/0000-0002-4112-5104 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 EI 1520-5754 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12-13 BP 1908 EP 1920 AR PII 926439533 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.493800 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 646YF UT WOS:000281580900031 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Nauschuetz, W Jordan, N Lindler, L Steece, R Pfau, E Gaydos, J AF Lee, Seung-eun Nauschuetz, William Jordan, Nikki Lindler, Luther Steece, Richard Pfau, Esther Gaydos, Joel TI Survey of Sexually Transmitted Disease Laboratory Methods in US Army Laboratories SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RECRUITS; COST; UPDATE AB Background: Sexually transmitted diseases, in particular Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are ranked as the top 2 most commonly notified disease in the US Army. Although surveillance programs are in place to capture event data, no routine STD surveillance program captures laboratory test information. Methods: To evaluate laboratory testing practices/methodologies in US Army laboratories in 2007, a questionnaire was distributed to all 38 US Army laboratories. The results of the survey were compared across Army installations to US civilian public health laboratories. Results: Of 38 survey recipients, 35 (92.1%) completed the survey. Overall, 78.6% of C. trachomatis and 77.2% of N. gonorrhoeae specimens were tested by nucleic acid amplification tests. In addition, 48.6% used culture as a method of N. gonorrhoeae testing. Testing for genital herpes, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, syphilis, human papillomavirus, and/or premalignant/malignant cervical cells was performed by 33 of the 35 laboratories. Conclusions: A high proportion of US Army laboratories are using NAAT technology for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae testing. A more comprehensive questionnaire may be needed to accurately describe the type and volume of other STD tests. Despite the difference in survey data acquisition between the US civilian public health laboratory survey and the US Army laboratory survey, broad comparisons such as test types were able to be made. Future surveys should be extended to other US military services and should include both civilian and military laboratories. C1 [Lee, Seung-eun; Lindler, Luther] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Seung-eun] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Nauschuetz, William] USA, Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Jordan, Nikki; Pfau, Esther] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Steece, Richard] Natl Infertil Prevent Project, Pierre, SD USA. [Pfau, Esther] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM seungeun.lee@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181b66dd6 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 538BP UT WOS:000273159400009 PM 19734822 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Volume 5 Non-Shock Initiation of Explosives Introduction SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400001 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Transport Phenomena for Nonshock Initiation Processes SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAS PERMEATION; EXPLOSIVES; DEFLAGRATION; DETONATION; HMX; TRANSITION C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 15 EP 44 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400002 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI The Chemical Kinetics of Solid Thermal Explosions SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DELTA-PHASE-TRANSITION; ENERGETIC NITRAMINE OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GAS-PHASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DECOMPOSITION MODELS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov NR 145 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 45 EP 128 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 84 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400003 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Classical Theory of Thermal Criticality SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEMPERATURE; EQUATION; ENERGY; HMX C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 129 EP 243 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 115 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400004 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Deflagration Phenomena in Energetic Materials: An Overview SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-PROPELLANT INGREDIENTS; TO-DETONATION; GRANULAR EXPLOSIVES; POROUS SYSTEMS; GAS PERMEATION; BURNING RATE; COMBUSTION; PBX-9501; CRACK; PROPAGATION C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 245 EP 292 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 48 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400005 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Mechanical and Thermal Damage SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMER BONDED EXPLOSIVES; SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANTS; DELTA PHASE-TRANSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GAS PERMEATION; PBX-9501; HMX; TATB C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 141 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 293 EP 401 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 109 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400006 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Cookoff SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; PROPELLANT COMBUSTION; GAS PERMEATION; HMX; EXPLOSIVES; DETONATION; PBX-9501; VIOLENCE; TRANSITION C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 403 EP 482 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 80 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400007 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI The Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRANULAR EXPLOSIVES; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; POROUS EXPLOSIVES; DAMAGED PBX-9501; PROPELLANT; COMBUSTION; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; BEDS; DDT C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 483 EP 535 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 53 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400008 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Friction SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 537 EP 554 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400009 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Impact and Shear Ignition By Nonshock Mechanisms SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 555 EP 581 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400010 ER PT B AU Asay, BW AF Asay, B. W. BE Asay, BW TI Spark and Laser Ignition SO SHOCK WAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE LIBRARY, VOL 5: NON-SHOCK INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES SE Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Applicat & Special Projects, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwa@lanl.gov; bwa@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-87952-7 J9 SHOCK WAVE SCI TECHN PY 2010 VL 5 BP 583 EP 605 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanics GA BNJ48 UT WOS:000274745400011 ER PT B AU Hou, PY AF Hou, P. Y. BE Richardson, TJA TI Oxidation of Metals and Alloys SO SHREIR'S CORROSION, VOL 1: BASIC CONCEPTS, HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; ALUMINA-FORMING ALLOYS; OXIDE-SCALE ADHESION; 1200 DEGREES C; SI-B ALLOYS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVE-ELEMENT ADDITIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 436 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-452787-5; 978-0-44-452788-2 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 239 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BA2ME UT WOS:000333654400010 ER PT B AU Tortorelli, PF Brady, MP AF Tortorelli, P. F. Brady, M. P. BE Richardson, TJA TI Design of High Temperature Alloys SO SHREIR'S CORROSION, VOL 1: BASIC CONCEPTS, HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; ALUMINA-FORMING ALLOYS; 2-PHASE BINARY-ALLOYS; OXIDATION-SULFIDATION BEHAVIOR; MIXED-GAS ENVIRONMENTS; HIGH OXIDANT PRESSURES; FE-CR ALLOYS; WATER-VAPOR; REACTIVE-ELEMENT; SCALE FORMATION C1 [Tortorelli, P. F.; Brady, M. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tortorelli, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 119 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-452787-5; 978-0-44-452788-2 PY 2010 BP 541 EP 557 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BA2ME UT WOS:000333654400021 ER PT B AU Pint, BA AF Pint, B. A. BE Richardson, TJA TI High Temperature Corrosion of Alumina-forming Iron, Nickel and Cobalt-base Alloys SO SHREIR'S CORROSION, VOL 1: BASIC CONCEPTS, HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FE-CR-AL; CYCLIC OXIDATION RESISTANCE; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; OXIDE-SCALE ADHESION; DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED ALLOYS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; COMMERCIAL FECRAIRE ALLOYS; THERMALLY GROWN OXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; REACTIVE-ELEMENT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 305 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-452787-5; 978-0-44-452788-2 PY 2010 BP 606 EP 645 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BA2ME UT WOS:000333654400024 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS AF Lillard, R. S. BE Richardson, TJA TI Corrosion of Beryllium and its Alloys SO SHREIR'S CORROSION, VOL 3: CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CARBON DIOXIDE; ANODIC DISSOLUTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STRESS CORROSION; MONOXIDE; CALCIUM; ZRBE13; WATER; METAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-52787-5 PY 2010 BP 2168 EP 2180 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BA2JQ UT WOS:000333463900018 ER PT J AU Gautesen, AK Fradkin, LJ AF Gautesen, A. K. Fradkin, L. Ju. TI DIFFRACTION BY A TWO-DIMENSIONAL TRACTION-FREE ELASTIC WEDGE SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE diffraction; elastic wedge; semianalytical approach; Fourier transform; Sommerfeld integral ID RAYLEIGH-WAVE SCATTERING; QUARTER SPACE; ANGLE AB This paper addresses the canonical two-dimensional problem of diffraction of the elastic plane wave by a traction-free straight-edged wedge made of an isotropic solid. Its solution can be used in applications to model diffraction from curved surface-breaking cracks with a curvature that is small compared to a wavelength. We use the Fourier transform to obtain a semianalytical solution, conduct internal checks, crossvalidate the code based on this scheme with the one based on the Sommerfeld integral, and describe experimental validation of the codes. Finally, we draw attention to high sensitivity of the backscatter diffraction coefficients to the Poisson ratio. C1 [Gautesen, A. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gautesen, A. K.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fradkin, L. Ju.] London S Bank Univ, FESBE, ECCE, Waves & Fields Res Grp, London SE1 0AA, England. RP Gautesen, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, 136 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gautesen@scl.ameslab.gov; l.fradkin@soundmathematics.com FU EPSRC under UK RCNDE [GR/T22339/01] FX Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, 136 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011, and Ames Laboratory, 111 TASF, Ames, IA 50011 (gautesen@scl.ameslab.gov). This author's work was supported by the EPSRC under grant GR/T22339/01 managed under the auspices of the UK RCNDE. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2010 VL 70 IS 8 BP 3065 EP 3085 DI 10.1137/080740684 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697VW UT WOS:000285548900013 ER PT J AU Zavala, VM Anitescu, M AF Zavala, Victor M. Anitescu, Mihai TI REAL-TIME NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION AS A GENERALIZED EQUATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE generalized equations; stability; nonlinear optimization; real-time optimization; complementarity ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; LINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY-PROBLEMS; VARIATIONAL-INEQUALITIES; ITERATION SCHEME; SYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; STABILITY; ALGORITHM; FRICTION; CONTACT AB We establish results for the problem of tracking a time-dependent manifold arising in real-time optimization by casting this as a parametric generalized equation. We demonstrate that if points along a solution manifold are consistently strongly regular, it is possible to track the manifold approximately by solving a single linear complementarity problem (LCP) at each time step. We derive sufficient conditions guaranteeing that the tracking error remains bounded to second order with the size of the time step even if the LCP is solved only approximately. We use these results to derive a fast, augmented Lagrangian tracking algorithm and demonstrate the developments through a numerical case study. C1 [Zavala, Victor M.; Anitescu, Mihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zavala, VM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vzavala@mcs.anl.gov; anitescu@mcs.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Received by the editors June 22, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) August 25, 2010; published electronically November 11, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 5444 EP 5467 DI 10.1137/090762634 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA 697HC UT WOS:000285502900025 ER PT J AU Gu, M Li, XS Vassilevski, PS AF Gu, Ming Li, Xiaoye S. Vassilevski, Panayot S. TI DIRECTION-PRESERVING AND SCHUR-MONOTONIC SEMISEPARABLE APPROXIMATIONS OF SYMMETRIC POSITIVE DEFINITE MATRICES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiseparable matrix factorization; positivity-preserving; direction-preserving ID FAST ALGORITHMS; REPRESENTATIONS; EQUATIONS; FACTORIZATION; SOLVER AB For a given symmetric positive definite matrix A is an element of R(NxN), we develop a fast and backward stable algorithm to approximate A by a symmetric positive definite semiseparable matrix, accurate to a constant multiple of any prescribed tolerance. In addition, this algorithm preserves the product, AZ, for a given matrix Z is an element of R(Nxd), where d << N. Our algorithm guarantees the positivedefiniteness of the semiseparable matrix by embedding an approximation strategy inside a Cholesky factorization procedure to ensure that the Schur complements during the Cholesky factorization all remain positive definite after approximation. It uses a robust direction-preserving approximation scheme to ensure the preservation of AZ. We present numerical experiments and discuss the potential implications of our work. C1 [Gu, Ming] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Xiaoye S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vassilevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, 861 Evans Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mgu@math.berkeley.edu; xsli@lbl.gov; panayot@llnl.gov RI Gu, Min/B-6627-2008 FU NSF [CCR-9702866]; Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Department of Mathematics, University of California, 861 Evans Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (mgu@math.berkeley.edu). This author's work was supported in part by NSF Career Award CCR-9702866.; Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 50F-1650, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (xsli@lbl.gov). This author's work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.; Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 (panayot@llnl.gov). This author's work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5 BP 2650 EP 2664 DI 10.1137/090774331 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 702ZC UT WOS:000285933400019 ER PT J AU Constantine, PG Gleich, DF Iaccarino, G AF Constantine, Paul G. Gleich, David F. Iaccarino, Gianluca TI SPECTRAL METHODS FOR PARAMETERIZED MATRIX EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE parameterized systems; spectral methods ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB We apply polynomial approximation methods-known in the numerical PDEs context as spectral methods-to approximate the vector-valued function that satisfies a linear system of equations where the matrix and the right-hand side depend on a parameter. We derive both an interpolatory pseudospectral method and a residual-minimizing Galerkin method, and we show how each can be interpreted as solving a truncated infinite system of equations; the difference between the two methods lies in where the truncation occurs. Using classical theory, we derive asymptotic error estimates related to the region of analyticity of the solution, and we present a practical residual error estimate. We verify the results with two numerical examples. C1 [Constantine, Paul G.; Gleich, David F.; Iaccarino, Gianluca] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Constantine, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM pconsta@sandia.gov; dfgleic@sandia.gov; jops@stanford.edu RI Iaccarino, Gianluca/H-5284-2011; Constantine, Paul/G-6394-2015 OI Constantine, Paul/0000-0003-3726-6307 FU Department of Energy; Microsoft Live Labs FX Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Current address: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123 (pconsta@sandia.gov). This author was funded by the Department of Energy Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program.; Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Current address: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550 (dfgleic@sandia.gov). This author was supported by a Microsoft Live Labs Fellowship.; Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (jops@stanford.edu). This author was funded by the Department of Energy Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 EI 1095-7162 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5 BP 2681 EP 2699 DI 10.1137/090755965 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 702ZC UT WOS:000285933400021 ER PT J AU da Veiga, LB Lipnikov, K Manzini, G AF da Veiga, L. Beirao Lipnikov, K. Manzini, G. TI ERROR ANALYSIS FOR A MIMETIC DISCRETIZATION OF THE STEADY STOKES PROBLEM ON POLYHEDRAL MESHES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Stokes equation; mimetic finite difference method; polyhedral mesh ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; DIFFUSION-PROBLEMS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; VOLUME METHOD; CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS; POLYGONAL MESHES; APPROXIMATION; ESTIMATOR; EQUATIONS; SCHEME AB We present the development, convergence analysis, and numerical tests of the mimetic finite difference method for the Stokes problem on two-dimensional polygonal and three-dimensional polyhedral meshes. C1 [Lipnikov, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [da Veiga, L. Beirao] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Matemat F Enriques, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Manzini, G.] CNR, IMATI, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lourenco.beirao@unimi.it; lipnikov@lanl.gov; Marco.Manzini@imati.cnr.it RI Beirao da Veiga, Lourenco/A-8080-2010; OI Manzini, Gianmarco/0000-0003-3626-3112 FU Department of Energy (DOE) FX Corresponding author. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (lipnikov@lanl.gov). This author's work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program in Applied Mathematics. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1419 EP 1443 DI 10.1137/090757411 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 653CS UT WOS:000282064400008 ER PT J AU Pinar, A Meza, J Donde, V Lesieutre, B AF Pinar, Ali Meza, Juan Donde, Vaibhav Lesieutre, Bernard TI OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR THE VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRIC POWER GRID SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE mixed integer nonlinear programming; network inhibition; network flow; mixed integer linear programming; electric power flow; network vulnerability; graph theory ID TERRORIST THREAT; SYSTEMS AB Identifying small groups of lines, whose removal would cause a severe blackout, is critical for the secure operation of the electric power grid. We show how power grid vulnerability analysis can be studied as a bilevel mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Our analysis reveals a special structure in the formulation that can be exploited to avoid nonlinearity and approximate the original problem as a pure combinatorial problem. The key new observation behind our analysis is the correspondence between the Jacobian matrix (a representation of the feasibility boundary of the equations that describe the flow of power in the network) and the Laplacian matrix in spectral graph theory (a representation of the graph of the power grid). The reduced combinatorial problem is known as the network inhibition problem, for which we present a mixed integer linear programming formulation. Our experiments on benchmark power grids show that the reduced combinatorial model provides an accurate approximation, to enable vulnerability analyses of real-sized problems with more than 16,520 power lines. C1 [Pinar, Ali] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Meza, Juan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, High Performance Comp Res Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Donde, Vaibhav] ABB Inc, Corp Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lesieutre, Bernard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lesieutre, Bernard] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pinar, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM apinar@sandia.gov; JCMeza@lbl.gov; vaibhav.d.donde@us.abb.com; BCLesieutre@lbl.gov RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012; OI Meza, Juan/0000-0003-4543-0349 FU Office of Science, Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1786 EP 1810 DI 10.1137/070708275 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KW UT WOS:000277836700005 ER PT J AU Vassilevski, PS AF Vassilevski, Panayot S. TI GENERAL CONSTRAINED ENERGY MINIMIZATION INTERPOLATION MAPPINGS FOR AMG SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 06-11, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE algebraic multigrid; constrained interpolation; H(curl) preconditioning ID ELEMENT AGGLOMERATION AB This report proposes a new class of interpolation procedures for use in algebraic multigrid (AMG). The procedure is general in that it applies to s.p.d. finite element discretization problems that include scalar and vector elliptic PDEs, and it can be adapted to the time-domain Maxwell (definite H(curl)) problems. It can also be viewed as an extension of previously proposed vector-fitting interpolation procedures and can be used in adaptive AMG cycles. We illustrate the performance of the new interpolation matrices on a number of test problems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vassilevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM panayot@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1137/080726252 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KZ UT WOS:000277837000002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DR Samtaney, R Woodward, CS AF Reynolds, Daniel R. Samtaney, Ravi Woodward, Carol S. TI OPERATOR-BASED PRECONDITIONING OF STIFF HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 06-11, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE implicit methods; preconditioning; hyperbolic systems ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; RESISTIVE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EULER EQUATIONS; UPWIND SCHEME; IMPLICIT; MHD; SIMULATION; SOLVERS; FIELDS AB We introduce an operator-based scheme for preconditioning stiff components encountered in implicit methods for hyperbolic systems of PDEs posed on regular grids. The method is based on a directional splitting of the implicit operator, followed by a characteristic decomposition of the resulting directional parts. This approach allows for the solution of any number of characteristic components, from the entire system to only the fastest, stiffness-inducing waves. We apply the preconditioning method to stiff hyperbolic systems arising in magnetohydrodynamics and gas dynamics. We then present numerical results showing that this preconditioning scheme works well on problems where the underlying stiffness results from the interaction of fast transient waves with slowly-evolving dynamics, scales well to large problem sizes and numbers of processors, and allows for additional customization based on the specific problems under study. C1 [Reynolds, Daniel R.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Samtaney, Ravi] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Woodward, Carol S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, DR (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM reynolds@smu.edu; samtaney@pppl.gov; cswoodward@llnl.gov RI Woodward, Carol/M-4008-2014; OI Reynolds, Daniel/0000-0002-0911-7841 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 150 EP 170 DI 10.1137/080713331 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KZ UT WOS:000277837000009 ER PT J AU Nourgaliev, R Kadioglu, S Mousseau, V AF Nourgaliev, Robert Kadioglu, Samet Mousseau, Vincent TI MARKER REDISTANCING/LEVEL SET METHOD FOR HIGH-FIDELITY IMPLICIT INTERFACE TRACKING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 06-11, 2008 CL Copper Mt, CO DE interface tracking; level set; front tracking methods; multiphase flows; Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov methods; ILU preconditioning ID INCOMPRESSIBLE 2-PHASE FLOWS; WEIGHTED ENO SCHEMES; ADAPTIVE LEVEL SET; OF-FLUID METHOD; FRONT-TRACKING; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; VOLUME TRACKING; SURFACE-TENSION; ALGORITHM; RECONSTRUCTION AB A hybrid of the front tracking (FT) and the level set (LS) methods is introduced, combining advantages and removing drawbacks of both methods. The kinematics of the interface is treated in a Lagrangian (FT) manner, by tracking markers placed at the interface. The markers are not connected-instead, the interface topology is resolved in an Eulerian (LS) framework, by wrapping a signed distance function around Lagrangian markers each time the markers move. For accuracy and efficiency, we have developed a high-order "anchoring" algorithm and an implicit PDEbased redistancing. We have demonstrated that the method is 3rd-order accurate in space, near the markers, and therefore 1st-order convergent in curvature; this is in contrast to traditional PDE-based reinitialization algorithms, which tend to slightly relocate the zero level set and can be shown to be nonconvergent in curvature. The implicit pseudo-time discretization of the redistancing equation is implemented within the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) framework combined with ILU(k) preconditioning. Due to the LS localization, the bandwidth of the Jacobian matrix is nearly constant, and the ILU preconditioning scales as similar to N log(root N) in two dimensions, which implies efficiency and good scalability of the overall algorithm. We have demonstrated that the steady-state solutions in pseudo-time can be achieved very efficiently, with approximate to 10 iterations (CFL approximate to 10(4)), in contrast to the explicit redistancing which requires hundreds of iterations with CFL <= 1. C1 [Nourgaliev, Robert; Kadioglu, Samet; Mousseau, Vincent] Idaho Natl Lab, Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nourgaliev, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Multiphys Methods Grp, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert.nourgaliev@inl.gov; samet.kadioglu@inl.gov; vincent.mousseau@inl.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 320 EP 348 DI 10.1137/080727439 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KZ UT WOS:000277837000018 ER PT J AU Santarelli, KR AF Santarelli, Keith R. TI A FRAMEWORK FOR REDUCED ORDER MODELING WITH MIXED MOMENT MATCHING AND PEAK ERROR OBJECTIVES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE model reduction; L(1) norm; moment matching; simulation; Ritz approximation ID REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATION; MINIMIZATION AB We examine a new method of producing reduced order models for LTI systems which attempts to minimize a bound on the peak error between the original and reduced order models subject to a bound on the peak value of the input. The method, which can be implemented by solving a set of linear programming problems that are parameterized via a single scalar quantity, is able to minimize an error bound subject to a number of moment matching constraints. Moreover, because all optimization is performed in the time domain, the method can also be used to perform model reduction for infinite dimensional systems, rather than being restricted to finite order state space descriptions. We begin by contrasting the method we present here with two classes of standard model reduction algorithms, namely, moment matching algorithms and singular value-based methods. After motivating the class of reduction tools we propose, we describe the algorithm (which minimizes the L(1) norm of the difference between the original and reduced order impulse responses) and formulate the corresponding linear programming problem that is solved during each iteration of the algorithm. We then prove that, for a certain class of LTI systems, the method we propose can be used to produce reduced order models of arbitrary accuracy even when the original system is infinite dimensional. We then show how to incorporate moment matching constraints into the basic error bound minimization algorithm, and present three examples which utilize the techniques described herein. We conclude with some comments on extensions to multi-input, multi-output systems, as well as some general comments for future work. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Santarelli, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM krsanta@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 745 EP 773 DI 10.1137/090761136 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598LA UT WOS:000277837100013 ER PT J AU da Veiga, LB Lipnikov, K AF da Veiga, L. Beirao Lipnikov, K. TI A MIMETIC DISCRETIZATION OF THE STOKES PROBLEM WITH SELECTED EDGE BUBBLES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE mimetic discretization; Stokes problem; stability; finite element method ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; DIFFUSION-PROBLEMS; POLYHEDRAL MESHES; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS; POLYGONAL MESHES; ERROR ESTIMATOR; ELEMENT; VELOCITY AB A new mimetic finite difference method for the Stokes problem is proposed and analyzed. The mimetic discretization methodology can be understood as a generalization of the finite element method to meshes with general polygons/polyhedrons. In this paper, the mimetic generalization of the unstable P(1) - P(0) (and the "conditionally stable" Q1 - P0) finite element is shown to be fully stable when applied to a large range of polygonal meshes. Moreover, we show how to stabilize the remaining cases by adding a small number of bubble functions to selected mesh edges. A simple strategy for selecting such edges is proposed and verified with numerical experiments. C1 [da Veiga, L. Beirao] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Matemat F Enriques, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Lipnikov, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP da Veiga, LB (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Matemat F Enriques, Via Saldini 50, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM lourenco.beirao@unimi.it; lipnikov@lanl.gov RI Beirao da Veiga, Lourenco/A-8080-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the DOE Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program in Applied Mathematics Research. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 875 EP 893 DI 10.1137/090767029 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598LA UT WOS:000277837100019 ER PT J AU Jiao, XM Einstein, DR Dyedov, V AF Jiao, Xiangmin Einstein, Daniel R. Dyedov, Vladimir TI LOCAL ORTHOGONAL CUTTING METHOD FOR COMPUTING MEDIAL CURVES AND ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE curves and surfaces; medial curves; orthogonal decomposition; interior center of curvature; stability; biomedical applications ID ARTERIAL TREE; EXTRACTION; QUANTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; VOLUME; MORPHOMETRY; SKELETONS; MODELS; LINES; RAT AB Medial curves have a wide range of applications in geometric modeling and analysis (such as shape matching) and biomedical engineering (such as morphometry and computer assisted surgery). The computation of medial curves poses significant challenges, in terms of both theoretical analysis and practical efficiency and reliability. In this paper, we propose a definition and analysis of medial curves and also describe an efficient and robust method called local orthogonal cutting for computing medial curves. Our approach is based on three key concepts: a local orthogonal decomposition of objects into substructures, a differential geometry concept called the interior center of curvature, and integrated stability and consistency tests. These concepts lend themselves to robust numerical techniques and result in an algorithm that is efficient and noise resistant. We illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach with some highly complex, large-scale, noisy biomedical geometries derived from medical images, including lung airways and blood vessels. We also present comparisons of our method with some existing methods. C1 [Jiao, Xiangmin; Dyedov, Vladimir] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Einstein, Daniel R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Jiao, XM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jiao@ams.sunysb.edu; daniel.einstein@pnl.gov; vladimir@ams.sunysb.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0809285]; National Heart and Blood Institute [1RO1HL073598-01A1]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P01 ES011617] FX The work of the first author was supported by the National Science Foundation under award DMS-0809285.; The work of the second author was supported by the National Heart and Blood Institute under award 1RO1HL073598-01A1 and by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under award P01 ES011617. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 947 EP 969 DI 10.1137/090767170 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598LA UT WOS:000277837100022 PM 20628546 ER PT J AU Brannick, JJ Falgout, RD AF Brannick, James J. Falgout, Robert D. TI COMPATIBLE RELAXATION AND COARSENING IN ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid; compatible relaxation AB We introduce a coarsening algorithm for algebraic multigrid (AMG) based on the concept of compatible relaxation (CR). The algorithm is significantly different from standard methods, most notably because it does not rely on any notion of strength of connection. We study its behavior on a number of model problems and evaluate the performance of an AMG algorithm that incorporates the coarsening approach. Finally, we introduce a variant of CR that provides a sharper metric of coarse-grid quality and demonstrate its potential with two simple examples. C1 [Brannick, James J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Falgout, Robert D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brannick, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Math, 221 McAllister Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brannick@psu.edu; rfalgout@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0749202, DMS-810982]; DOE [B574151, B574163]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Department of Mathematics, 221 McAllister Bldg., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (brannick@psu.edu). The work of this author was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OCI-0749202 and DMS-810982 and partially supported by DOE subcontracts B574151 and B574163.; Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 (rfalgout@llnl.gov). This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1393 EP 1416 DI 10.1137/090772216 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 608IE UT WOS:000278576300014 ER PT J AU Dobrev, V Guermond, JL Popov, B AF Dobrev, Veselin Guermond, Jean-Luc Popov, Bojan TI SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION AND IMAGE ENHANCEMENT VIA L-1-MINIMIZATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE finite elements; L-1-minimization; interior-point algorithm; data reconstruction; digital elevation models; image enhancement ID CUBIC L-1 SPLINES; HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS; MULTISCALE INTERPOLATION; CONSERVATION-LAWS; STEADY-STATE; L-P; BIVARIATE; SUPERRESOLUTION; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHMS AB A surface reconstruction technique based on minimization of the total variation of the gradient is introduced. Convergence of the method is established, and an interior-point algorithm solving the associated linear programming problem is introduced. The reconstruction algorithm is illustrated on various test cases including natural and urban terrain data, and enhancement of low-resolution or aliased images. C1 [Dobrev, Veselin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Guermond, Jean-Luc] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Guermond, Jean-Luc] CNRS, LIMSI, UPRR 3251, F-91403 Orsay, France. [Popov, Bojan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dobrev, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Box 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dobrev@llnl.gov; guermond@math.tamu.edu; popov@math.tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0510650, DMS-0811041]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-016-04] FX Received by the editors March 26, 2009; accepted for publication ( in revised form) February 12, 2010; published electronically June 9, 2010. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation grants DMS-0510650 and DMS-0811041. This publication is based on work partially supported by Award KUS-C1-016-04, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1591 EP 1616 DI 10.1137/09075408X PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 608IE UT WOS:000278576300023 ER PT J AU Bozdag, D Catalyurek, UV Gebremedhin, AH Manne, F Boman, EG Ozguner, F AF Bozdag, Doruk Catalyurek, Uemit V. Gebremedhin, Assefaw H. Manne, Fredrik Boman, Erik G. Ozguner, Fuesun TI DISTRIBUTED-MEMORY PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR DISTANCE-2 COLORING AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN DERIVATIVE COMPUTATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE distance-2 graph coloring; distributed-memory parallel algorithms; Jacobian computation; Hessian computation; sparsity exploitation; automatic differentiation; combinatorial scientific computing ID SPARSE HESSIAN MATRICES; PLANAR GRAPHS; APPROXIMATION; COMPUTERS; NETWORKS AB The distance-2 graph coloring problem aims at partitioning the vertex set of a graph into the fewest sets consisting of vertices pairwise at distance greater than 2 from each other. Its applications include derivative computation in numerical optimization and channel assignment in radio networks. We present efficient, distributed-memory, parallel heuristic algorithms for this NP-hard problem as well as for two related problems used in the computation of Jacobians and Hessians. Parallel speedup is achieved through graph partitioning, speculative (iterative) coloring, and a bulk synchronous parallel-like organization of parallel computation. Results from experiments conducted on a PC cluster employing up to 96 processors and using large-size real-world as well as synthetically generated test graphs show that the algorithms are scalable. In terms of quality of solution, the algorithms perform remarkably well-the numbers of colors used by the parallel algorithms are observed to be very close to the numbers used by their sequential counterparts, which in turn are quite often near optimal. Moreover, the experimental results show that the parallel distance-2 coloring algorithm compares favorably with the alternative approach of solving the distance-2 coloring problem on a graph G by first constructing the square graph G(2) and then applying a parallel distance-1 coloring algorithm on G(2). Implementations of the algorithms are made available via the Zoltan toolkit. C1 [Bozdag, Doruk; Catalyurek, Uemit V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Catalyurek, Uemit V.; Ozguner, Fuesun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gebremedhin, Assefaw H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Manne, Fredrik] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. [Boman, Erik G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bozdag, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bozdag.1@osu.edu; catalyurek.1@osu.edu; agebreme@purdue.edu; Fredrik.Manne@ii.uib.no; egboman@sandia.gov; ozguner@ece.osu.edu RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through the CSCAPES SciDAC Institute; U.S. National Science Foundation [CCF-0830645, CNS-0643969, OCI-0904809, OCI-0904802, CNS-0403342]; Ohio Supercomputing Center [PAS0052]; Norwegian Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Received by the editors August 4, 2008; accepted for publication (in revised form) May 17, 2010; published electronically August 5, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through the CSCAPES SciDAC Institute; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants CCF-0830645, CNS-0643969, OCI-0904809, OCI-0904802, and CNS-0403342; by Ohio Supercomputing Center PAS0052; and by the Norwegian Research Council through the Evita program.; Scalable Algorithms Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185 (egboman@sandia.gov). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2418 EP 2446 DI 10.1137/080732158 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 636VJ UT WOS:000280771100033 ER PT J AU Lee, B AF Lee, Barry TI IMPROVED MULTIPLE-COARSENING METHODS FOR SN DISCRETIZATIONS OF THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; transport; multigrid method; Sn discretizations; anisotropic scattering ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION AB In a recent series of articles, the author presented a multiple-coarsening multigrid method for solving S-n discretizations of the Boltzmann transport equation. This algorithm is applied to an integral equation for the scalar flux or moments. Although this algorithm is very efficient over parameter regimes that describe realistic neutron/photon transport applications, improved methods that can reduce the computational cost are presented in this paper. These improved methods are derived through a careful examination of the frequencies, particularly the near nullspace, of the integral equation. In the earlier articles, the near-nullspace components were shown to be smooth in angle in the sense that the angular fluxes generated by these components are smooth in angle. In this paper, we present a spatial description of these near-nullspace components. Using the angular description of the earlier papers together with the spatial description reveals the intrinsic space-angle dependence of the integral equation's frequencies. This space-angle dependence is used to determine the appropriate space-angle grids to represent and efficiently attenuate the near-nullspace error components on. It will be shown that these components can have multiple spatial scales. By using only the appropriate space-angle grids that can represent these spatial scales in the original multiple-coarsening algorithm, an improved algorithm is obtained. Moreover, particularly for anisotropic scattering, recognizing the strong angle dependence of the angular fluxes generated by the high frequencies of the integral equation, another improved multiple-coarsening scheme is derived. Restricting this scheme to the appropriate space-angle grids produces a very efficient method. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Barry.Lee@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2497 EP 2522 DI 10.1137/080742476 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 668TN UT WOS:000283293500004 ER PT J AU Hauck, C McClarren, R AF Hauck, Cory McClarren, Ryan TI POSITIVE P-N CLOSURES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE kinetic equations; transport equations; neutron transport; moment closures; optimization; quadratic programming; spherical harmonic expansion; P-N equations ID THERMAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIMITED NEUTRINO DIFFUSION; ENTROPY EDDINGTON FACTORS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; MOMENT CLOSURE; HYDRODYNAMICAL MODEL; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS; KINETIC-EQUATIONS; CARRIER TRANSPORT AB We introduce a modification to the standard spherical harmonic closure used with linear kinetic equations of particle transport. While the standard closure is known to produce negative particle concentrations, the modification corrects this defect by requiring that the ansatz used to close the equations itself be a nonnegative function. We impose this requirement via explicit constraints in a quadratic optimization problem. C1 [Hauck, Cory] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Math Grp, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McClarren, Ryan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hauck, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Math Grp, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hauckc@ornl.gov; rgm@tamu.edu FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research at the U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research at the U.S. Department of Energy. This work began at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is managed by Los Alamos National Security, LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and was completed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract De-AC05-00OR22725. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 74 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2603 EP 2626 DI 10.1137/090764918 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 668TN UT WOS:000283293500009 ER PT J AU Constantinescu, EM Sandu, A AF Constantinescu, Emil M. Sandu, Adrian TI OPTIMAL EXPLICIT STRONG-STABILITY-PRESERVING GENERAL LINEAR METHODS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE general linear methods; method of lines; strong-stability-preserving; monotonicity ID ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS; TIME DISCRETIZATION METHODS; ORDER; CONVERGENCE; MONOTONICITY; SCHEMES; INTEGRATION AB This paper constructs strong-stability-preserving general linear time-stepping methods that are well suited for hyperbolic PDEs discretized by the method of lines. These methods generalize both Runge-Kutta (RK) and linear multistep schemes. They have high stage orders and hence are less susceptible than RK methods to order reduction from source terms or nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. A global optimization strategy is used to find the most efficient schemes that have low storage requirements. Numerical results illustrate the theoretical findings. C1 [Constantinescu, Emil M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sandu, Adrian] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Constantinescu, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM emconsta@mcs.anl.gov; asandu@cs.vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0515170]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through award NSF CCF-0515170. This work was created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 3130 EP 3150 DI 10.1137/090766206 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 668TN UT WOS:000283293500028 ER PT J AU Zhou, M Sahni, O Devine, KD Shephard, MS Jansen, KE AF Zhou, Min Sahni, Onkar Devine, Karen D. Shephard, Mark S. Jansen, Kenneth E. TI CONTROLLING UNSTRUCTURED MESH PARTITIONS FOR MASSIVELY PARALLEL SIMULATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE partition improvement; graph/hypergraph; unstructured mesh; vertex imbalance; element imbalance ID PRESSURE; ARTERIES; GRAPHS; FLOW AB Parallel simulations at extreme scale require that the mesh is distributed across a large number of processors with equal work load and minimum interpart communications. A number of algorithms have been developed to meet these goals, e.g., graph/hypergraph and coordinate-based methods. However, the global implementation of current approaches can fail on very large core counts, which is resolved by combining global and local partitioning using multiple parts per processor. The other limitation of graph/hypergraph-based partitioning is that it uses one type of mesh entity as graph nodes; thus, the balance of other mesh entities may not be optimal. In the case of three-dimensional (3-D) linear finite element analysis, it is common to select mesh regions (elements) as partition objects. In current examples, the regions are well balanced up to 163,840 parts for a 1.07 billion element mesh, while the vertices have an imbalance which is as high as 19.52%. Two methods are developed that work in conjunction with graph/hypergraph-based procedures to provide improved partitions. Example computations executed on an IBM Blue Gene/P system using up to 163,840 cores demonstrate the usefulness of the procedures, particularly for time-critical calculations where individual cores may be lightly loaded in terms of the number of mesh entities per core. The algorithms presented in this paper reduced the vertex imbalance from 17.8% to 4.97% for a partition with 131,072 parts and accelerated the equation solution phase of the finite element analysis by 10.4%. C1 [Zhou, Min; Sahni, Onkar; Shephard, Mark S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, SCOREC, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Devine, Karen D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jansen, Kenneth E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, SCOREC, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM zhoum@scorec.rpi.edu; osahni@scorec.rpi.edu; kddevin@sandia.gov; shephard@scorec.rpi.edu; kenneth.jansen@colorado.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER25769]; National Science Foundation [0749152]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy through the ITAPS Center for Enabling Technologies FX Received by the editors July 16, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) July 30, 2010; published electronically November 9, 2010. This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FC02-06ER25769 and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant 0749152. Computing resources used were provided by the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research also used computing resources provided by support from NSF through TeraGrid resources including systems at NICS. The solutions presented herein made use of the linear algebra solution library provided by Acusim Software, Inc., and meshing and geometric modeling libraries by Simmetrix, Inc. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy SciDAC program through the ITAPS Center for Enabling Technologies. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3201 EP 3227 DI 10.1137/090777323 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800003 ER PT J AU Long, K Kirby, R Waanders, BV AF Long, Kevin Kirby, Robert Waanders, Bart Van Bloemen TI UNIFIED EMBEDDED PARALLEL FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS VIA SOFTWARE-BASED FRECHET DIFFERENTIATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; partial differential equations; embedded algorithms ID VARIATIONAL FORMS; MATRICES; CODE; OPTIMIZATION; VERIFICATION; GENERATION; TRANSFORMS; FLAME AB Computational analysis of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) requires not only the calculation of a solution but the extraction of additional information such as the sensitivity of that solution with respect to input parameters or the inversion of the system in an optimization or design loop. Moving beyond the automation of discretization of PDEs by finite element methods, we present a mathematical framework that unifies the discretization of PDEs with these additional analysis requirements. In particular, Frechet differentiation on a class of functionals together with a high-performance finite element framework has led to a code, called Sundance, that provides high-level programming abstractions for the automatic, efficient evaluation of finite variational forms together with the derived operators required by engineering analysis. C1 [Long, Kevin; Kirby, Robert] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Waanders, Bart Van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Long, K (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM kevin.long@ttu.edu; robert.c.kirby@ttu.edu; bartv@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Applied Mathematics and Applications, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87122 (bartv@sandia.gov). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3323 EP 3351 DI 10.1137/09076920X PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800008 ER PT J AU Grigori, L Boman, EG Donfack, S Davis, TA AF Grigori, Laura Boman, Erik G. Donfack, Simplice Davis, Timothy A. TI HYPERGRAPH-BASED UNSYMMETRIC NESTED DISSECTION ORDERING FOR SPARSE LU FACTORIZATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse LU factorization; reordering techniques; hypergraph partitioning; nested dissection ID MATRIX-VECTOR MULTIPLICATION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; DIRECT SOLVER; ALGORITHM; ELIMINATION; QUALITY; FORM AB In this paper we discuss a hypergraph-based unsymmetric nested dissection (HUND) ordering for reducing the fill-in incurred during Gaussian elimination. It has several important properties. It takes a global perspective of the entire matrix, as opposed to local heuristics. It takes into account the asymmetry of the input matrix by using a hypergraph to represent its structure. It is suitable for performing Gaussian elimination in parallel, with partial pivoting. This is possible because the row permutations performed due to partial pivoting do not destroy the column separators identified by the nested dissection approach. The hypergraph nested dissection approach is essentially equivalent to graph nested dissection on the matrix A(T) A, but we need only the original matrix A and never form the usually denser matrix A(T) A. The usage of hypergraphs in our approach is fairly standard, and HUND can be implemented by calling an existing hypergraph partitioner that uses recursive bisection. Our implementation uses local reordering constrained column approximate minimum degree (CCOLAMD) to further improve the ordering. We also explain how weighted matching (HSL routine MC64) can be used in this context. Experimental results on 27 medium and large size matrices with highly unsymmetric structures compare our approach to four other well-known reordering algorithms. The results show that it provides a robust reordering algorithm, in the sense that it is the best or close to the best (often within 10%) of all the other methods, in particular on matrices with highly unsymmetric structures. C1 [Grigori, Laura; Donfack, Simplice] Univ Paris 11, INRIA Saclay Ile France, Lab Rech Informat, Paris, France. [Boman, Erik G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Davis, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Grigori, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, INRIA Saclay Ile France, Lab Rech Informat, Paris, France. EM laura.grigori@inria.fr; egboman@sandia.gov; sidonfack@gmail.com; davis@cise.ufl.edu RI Davis, Timothy/I-7248-2012 FU DIGITEO; Region Ile-de-France; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; United States Department of Energy Office of Science through the CSCAPES SciDAC Institute; National Science Foundation [0620286] FX INRIA Saclay - Ile de France, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique Universite Paris-Sud 11, France (laura.grigori@inria.fr, sidonfack@gmail.com). The first and third author's work was supported by an X-Scale-NL grant from DIGITEO and Region Ile-de-France.; Scalable Algorithms Dept., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1318. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This author's work was supported by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science through the CSCAPES SciDAC Institute (egboman@sandia.gov).; CISE Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. This author's work was supported by the National Science Foundation (0620286) (davis@cise.ufl.edu). NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3426 EP 3446 DI 10.1137/080720395 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800011 ER PT J AU Xu, J Ostroumov, PN Mustapha, B Nolen, J AF Xu, J. Ostroumov, P. N. Mustapha, B. Nolen, J. TI SCALABLE DIRECT VLASOV SOLVER WITH DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD ON UNSTRUCTURED MESH SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Vlasov equation; discontinuous Galerkin method; hp-finite element method; Poisson's equation; domain decomposition ID FINITE-ELEMENT CODE; PHASE-SPACE; EQUATION; SIMULATION; SCHEME; ALGORITHM; PLASMAS AB This paper presents the development of parallel direct Vlasov solvers with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for beam and plasma simulations in four dimensions. Both physical and velocity spaces are in two dimesions (2P2V) with unstructured mesh. Contrary to the standard particle-in-cell (PIC) approach for kinetic space plasma simulations, i.e., solving Vlasov-Maxwell equations, direct method has been used in this paper. There are several benefits to solving a Vlasov equation directly, such as avoiding noise associated with a finite number of particles and the capability to capture fine structure in the plasma. The most challanging part of a direct Vlasov solver comes from higher dimensions, as the computational cost increases as N-2d, where d is the dimension of the physical space. Recently, due to the fast development of supercomputers, the possibility has become more realistic. Many efforts have been made to solve Vlasov equations in low dimensions before; now more interest has focused on higher dimensions. Different numerical methods have been tried so far, such as the finite difference method, Fourier Spectral method, finite volume method, and spectral element method. This paper is based on our previous efforts to use the DG method. The DG method has been proven to be very successful in solving Maxwell equations, and this paper is our first effort in applying the DG method to Vlasov equations. DG has shown several advantages, such as local mass matrix, strong stability, and easy parallelization. These are particularly suitable for Vlasov equations. Domain decomposition in high dimensions has been used for parallelization; these include a highly scalable parallel two-dimensional Poisson solver. Benchmark results have been shown and simulation results will be reported. C1 [Xu, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xu, J.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Mustapha, B.; Nolen, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jin_xu@anl.gov; ostroumov@phy.anl.gov; mustapha@phy.anl.gov; nolen@anl.gov RI Xu, Jin/C-7751-2014 OI Xu, Jin/0000-0002-1147-7408 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Received by the editors March 17, 2010; accepted for publication (in revised form) September 7, 2010; published electronically December 2, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3476 EP 3494 DI 10.1137/10078904X PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800013 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Finn, JM AF Delzanno, G. L. Finn, J. M. TI GENERALIZED MONGE-KANTOROVICH OPTIMIZATION FOR GRID GENERATION AND ADAPTATION IN L-p SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE adaptive grid generation; Monge-Ampere equation; Monge-Kantorovich optimization; equidistribution; Newton Krylov; multigrid preconditioning; moving meshes ID DIMENSIONS; EQUATIONS; FLOWS; FLIP AB The Monge-Kantorovich grid generation and adaptation scheme of [Delzanno et al., J. Comput. Phys., 227 (2008), pp. 9841-9864] is generalized from a variational principle based on L-2 to a variational principle based on L-p. A generalized Monge Ampere (MA) equation is derived and its properties are discussed. Results for p > 1 are obtained and compared in terms of the quality of the resulting grid and a measure of computational performance. We conclude that for the grid generation application, the formulation based on L-p for p close to unity can lead to serious problems associated with the boundary. On the other hand, p >> 2 also leads to worse quality grids and performance. Thus, it is concluded that p = 2 produces the best quality grids, particularly in terms of mean grid cell distortion. Furthermore, the Newton-Krylov methods used to solve the generalized MA equation perform best for p = 2. C1 [Delzanno, G. L.; Finn, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp T5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp T5, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM delzanno@lanl.gov; finn@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at LANL FX Received by the editors February 13, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) September 21, 2010; published electronically December 2, 2010. This research was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), operated by LANS LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. It was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at LANL. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3524 EP 3547 DI 10.1137/090749785 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800015 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Colella, P Martin, DF AF Sharma, Prateek Colella, Phillip Martin, Daniel F. TI NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF STREAMING DOWN THE GRADIENT: APPLICATION TO FLUID MODELING OF COSMIC RAYS AND SATURATED CONDUCTION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE implicit methods; finite differencing; monotonicity ID ANISOTROPIC THERMAL CONDUCTION; ACCELERATION; CONVECTION; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS AB The equation governing the streaming of a quantity down its gradient superficially looks similar to the simple constant velocity advection equation. In fact, it is the same as an advection equation if there are no local extrema in the computational domain or at the boundary. However, in general when there are local extrema in the computational domain, it is a nontrivial nonlinear equation. The standard upwind time evolution with a CFL-limited timestep results in spurious oscillations at the grid scale. These oscillations, which originate at the extrema, propagate throughout the computational domain and are undamped even at late times. These oscillations arise because of unphysically large fluxes leaving (entering) the maxima (minima) with the standard CFL-limited explicit methods. Regularization of the equation shows that it is diffusive at the extrema; because of this, an explicit method for the regularized equation with Delta t proportional to Delta x(2) behaves fine. We show that the implicit methods show stable and converging results with Delta t proportional to Delta x; however, surprisingly, even implicit methods are not stable with large enough timesteps. In addition to these subtleties in the numerical implementation, the solutions to the streaming equation are quite novel: nondifferentiable solutions emerge from initially smooth profiles; the solutions show transport over large length scales, e. g., in form of tails. The fluid model for cosmic rays interacting with a thermal plasma (valid at space scales much larger than the cosmic ray Larmor radius) and the equation of saturated conduction in a collisionless plasma are similar to the streaming equation, so our method will find applications in fluid modeling of important processes in plasma astrophysics. C1 [Sharma, Prateek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sharma, Prateek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Colella, Phillip; Martin, Daniel F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharma, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psharma@astro.berkeley.edu; colella@hpcrdm.lbl.gov; dfmartin@lbl.gov FU NASA [PF8-90054, NAS8-03060]; Chandra X-ray Center; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Chandra Fellow, Theoretical Astrophysics Center and Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (psharma@astro.berkeley.edu). This author was supported by NASA through Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF8-90054 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060.; Applied Numerical Algorithms Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (colella@hpcrdm.lbl.gov, dfmartin@lbl.gov). These authors were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 6 BP 3564 EP 3583 DI 10.1137/100792135 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 697WZ UT WOS:000285551800017 ER PT J AU Sargsyan, K Debusschere, B Najm, H Le Maitre, O AF Sargsyan, Khachik Debusschere, Bert Najm, Habib Le Maitre, Olivier TI SPECTRAL REPRESENTATION AND REDUCED ORDER MODELING OF THE DYNAMICS OF STOCHASTIC REACTION NETWORKS VIA ADAPTIVE DATA PARTITIONING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE stochastic reaction networks; polynomial chaos; Karhunen-Loeve decomposition; Rosenblatt transformation ID COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; PROJECTION METHOD; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; FLUID-FLOW; PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS; EXPANSIONS AB Dynamical analysis tools are well established for deterministic models. However, for many biochemical phenomena in cells the molecule count is low, leading to stochastic behavior that causes deterministic macroscale reaction models to fail. The main mathematical framework representing these phenomena is based on jump Markov processes that model the underlying stochastic reaction network. Conventional dynamical analysis tools do not readily generalize to the stochastic setting due to nondifferentiability and absence of explicit state evolution equations. We developed a reduced order methodology for dynamical analysis that relies on the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition and polynomial chaos expansions. The methodology relies on adaptive data partitioning to obtain an accurate representation of the stochastic process, especially in the case of multimodal behavior. As a result, a mixture model is obtained that represents the reduced order dynamics of the system. The Schlogl model is used as a prototype bistable process that exhibits time scale separation and leads to multimodality in the reduced order model. C1 [Sargsyan, Khachik; Debusschere, Bert; Najm, Habib] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Le Maitre, Olivier] Lab Informat Mecan & Sci Ingenieur, F-91403 Orsay, France. RP Sargsyan, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ksargsy@sandia.gov; bjdebus@sandia.gov; hnnajm@sandia.gov; olm@limsi.fr RI Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011 OI Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [07-012783] FX Received by the editors January 26, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) October 15, 2009; published electronically January 8, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science through the Applied Mathematics program in the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) under contract 07-012783 with Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. This work was performed by an employee of the U. S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 4395 EP 4421 DI 10.1137/090747932 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KY UT WOS:000277836900002 ER PT J AU Constantinescu, EM Sandu, A AF Constantinescu, Emil M. Sandu, Adrian TI EXTRAPOLATED IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT TIME STEPPING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE extrapolation methods; implicit-explicit methods; stiff problems; differential algebraic systems; ordinary and partial differential equations ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS; DIFFUSION-REACTION EQUATIONS; LINEAR MULTISTEP METHODS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS; ERROR; SCHEMES; EXPANSIONS; TRANSPORT AB This paper constructs extrapolated implicit-explicit time stepping methods that allow one to efficiently solve problems with both stiff and nonstiff components. The proposed methods are based on Euler steps and can provide very high order discretizations of ODEs, index-1 DAEs, and PDEs in the method-of-lines framework. Implicit-explicit schemes based on extrapolation are simple to construct, easy to implement, and straightforward to parallelize. This work establishes the existence of perturbed asymptotic expansions of global errors, explains the convergence orders of these methods, and studies their linear stability properties. Numerical results with stiff ODE, DAE, and PDE test problems confirm the theoretical findings and illustrate the potential of these methods to solve multiphysics multiscale problems. C1 [Constantinescu, Emil M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sandu, Adrian] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Constantinescu, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM emconsta@mcs.anl.gov; asandu@cs.vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF CCF-0515170]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Received by the editors August 14, 2008; accepted for publication (in revised form) November 2, 2009; published electronically January 15, 2010. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through award NSF CCF-0515170. The submitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne") under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 4452 EP 4477 DI 10.1137/080732833 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KY UT WOS:000277836900004 ER PT J AU Lee, B AF Lee, B. TI A NOVEL MULTIGRID METHOD FOR SN DISCRETIZATIONS OF THE MONO-ENERGETIC BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION IN THE OPTICALLY THICK AND THIN REGIMES WITH ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING, PART I SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; transport; multigrid method; Sn discretizations; anisotropic scattering ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; SYSTEM LEAST-SQUARES AB This paper presents a new multigrid method applied to the most common Sn discretizations (Petrov-Galerkin, diamond-differenced, corner-balanced, and discontinuous Galerkin) of the mono-energetic Boltzmann transport equation in the optically thick and thin regimes, and with strong anisotropic scattering. Unlike methods that use scalar DSA diffusion preconditioners for the source iteration, this multigrid method is applied directly to an integral equation for the scalar flux. Thus, unlike the former methods that apply a multigrid strategy to the scalar DSA diffusion operator, this method applies a multigrid strategy to the integral source iteration operator, which is an operator for 5 independent variables in spatial three dimensions (3-d), 3 in space and 2 in angle, and 4 independent variables in spatial 2-d (2 in space and 2 in angle). The core smoother of this multigrid method involves applications of the integral operator. Since the kernel of this integral operator involves the transport sweeps, applying this integral operator requires a transport sweep (an inversion of an upper triangular matrix) for each of the angles used. As the equation is in 5-space or 4-space, the multigrid approach in this paper coarsens in both angle and space, effecting efficient applications of the coarse integral operators. Although each V-cycle of this method is more expensive than a V-cycle for the DSA preconditioner, since the DSA equation does not have angular dependence, the overall computational efficiency is about the same for problems where DSA preconditioning is effective. This new method also appears to be more robust over all parameter regimes than DSA approaches. Moreover, this new method is applicable to a variety of Sn spatial discretizations, to problems involving a combination of optically thick and thin regimes, and more importantly, to problems with anisotropic scattering cross-sections, all of which DSA approaches perform poorly or are not applicable at all. This multigrid approach is most effective in neutron scattering applications, where the total cross-section coefficient sigma(t) and spatial meshsize h satisfy sigma(t)h approximate to 1. For this case, coarsening can be done aggressively. For problems with sigma(t)h approximate to 10, this multigrid scheme requires a moderately coarsened multiple-coarsening scheme. An even slow coarsening, an angle semicoarsening, is required for problems with sigma(t)h ranges between 100 and 1000, which occur in high-energy photon applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Barry.Lee@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 4744 EP 4773 DI 10.1137/080721480 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KY UT WOS:000277836900016 ER PT J AU Gatti-Bono, C Colella, P Trebotich, D AF Gatti-Bono, Caroline Colella, Phillip Trebotich, David TI A SECOND-ORDER ACCURATE CONSERVATIVE FRONT-TRACKING METHOD IN ONE DIMENSION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE front-tracking; finite-volume; Godunov method; multifluids ID EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; LAWS; INTERFACES; DIFFUSION AB This paper presents a conservative front-tracking method for shocks and contact discontinuities that is second-order accurate. It is based on a volume-of-fluid method that treats the moving front with concepts similar to those of an embedded-boundary method. Special care is taken in the centering of the data to ensure the right order of accuracy at the front, and a redistribution step guarantees conservation. A suite of test problems, for tracking both shocks and contact discontinuities, is presented that confirms that the method is second-order accurate. C1 [Gatti-Bono, Caroline; Trebotich, David] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Colella, Phillip] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gatti-Bono, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM CSBono@lbl.gov; pcolella@lbl.gov; DPTrebotich@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Received by the editors September 28, 2007; accepted for publication (in revised form) November 2, 2009; published electronically February 3, 2010. This manuscript was authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 4795 EP 4813 DI 10.1137/070704083 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598KY UT WOS:000277836900018 ER PT S AU Dayeh, SA Picraux, ST AF Dayeh, S. A. Picraux, S. T. BE Harame, D Ostling, M Masini, G Krishnamohan, T Bedell, S Reznicek, A Boquet, J Yeo, YC Caymax, M Tillack, B Miyazaki, S Koester, S TI Axial Ge/Si Nanowire Heterostructure Tunnel FETs SO SIGE, GE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 4: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND DEVICES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds - Materials, Processing and Devices Symposium held at the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon Div, Matheson Tri-Gas, Appl Mat, ASM, AIXTRON, Centrotherm, Intel, Luxtera, Voltaix, Praxair Elect, IBM ID GROWTH AB The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of semiconductor nanowires allows doping and composition modulation along their axis and the realization of axial 1D heterostructures. This provides additional flexibility in energy band-edge engineering along the transport direction which is difficult to attain by planar materials growth and processing techniques. We report here on the design, growth, fabrication, and characterization of asymmetric heterostructure tunnel field-effect transistors (HTFETs) based on 100 % compositionally modulated Si/Ge axial NWs for high on-current operation and low ambipolar transport behavior. We discuss the optimization of band-offsets and Schottky barrier heights for high performance HTFETs and issues surrounding their experimental realization. Our HTFET devices with 10 nm PECVD SiNx gate dielectric resulted in a measured current drive exceeding 100 mu A/mu m (I/pi D) and 10(5) I-on/I-off ratios. C1 [Dayeh, S. A.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dayeh, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-175-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1149/1.3487568 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BDU70 UT WOS:000314957600039 ER PT S AU Dayeh, SA Picraux, ST AF Dayeh, S. A. Picraux, S. T. BE Harame, D Ostling, M Masini, G Krishnamohan, T Bedell, S Reznicek, A Boquet, J Yeo, YC Caymax, M Tillack, B Miyazaki, S Koester, S TI Ge/Si Core/Multi-shell Heterostructure FETs SO SIGE, GE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 4: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND DEVICES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds - Materials, Processing and Devices Symposium held at the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Elect & Photon Div, Matheson Tri-Gas, Appl Mat, ASM, AIXTRON, Centrotherm, Intel, Luxtera, Voltaix, Praxair Elect, IBM ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; NANOWIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Concentric heterostructured materials provide numerous design opportunities for engineering strain and interfaces, as well as tailoring energy band-edge combinations for optimal device performance. Key to the realization of such novel device concepts is the complete understanding and full control over their growth, crystal structure, and hetero-epitaxy. We report here on a new route for synthesizing Ge/Si core/multi-shell heterostructure nanowires that eliminate Au seed diffusion on the nanowire sidewalls by engineering the interface energy density difference. We show that such control over core/shell synthesis enable experimental realization of heterostructure FET devices beyond those available in the literature with enhanced transport characteristics. We provide a side-by-side comparison on the transport properties of Ge/Si core/multi-shell nanowires grown with and without Au diffusion and demonstrate heterostructure FETs with drive currents that are similar to 2X higher than record results for p-type FETs. C1 [Dayeh, S. A.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dayeh, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-175-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1149/1.3487598 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BDU70 UT WOS:000314957600069 ER PT J AU Seyller, T Bostwick, A Emtsev, KV Horn, K Ley, L McChesney, JL Ohta, T Riley, JD Rotenberg, E Speck, F AF Seyller, Th. Bostwick, A. Emtsev, K. V. Horn, K. Ley, L. McChesney, J. L. Ohta, T. Riley, J. D. Rotenberg, E. Speck, F. BE Friedrichs, P Kimoto, T Ley, L Pensl, G TI Epitaxial graphene: a new material SO SILICON CARBIDE, VOL 1: GROWTH, DEFECTS, AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HEXAGONAL SIC-SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BILAYER GRAPHENE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; INTERFACE FORMATION; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; SILICON-CARBIDE; BAND-STRUCTURE; BERRYS PHASE C1 [Seyller, Th.; Ley, L.; Speck, F.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Inst Phys Kondensierten Mat, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Bostwick, A.; McChesney, J. L.; Rotenberg, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source EO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Emtsev, K. V.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Horn, K.] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Mol Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ohta, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Riley, J. D.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RP Seyller, T (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Inst Phys Kondensierten Mat, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-40953-2 PY 2010 BP 453 EP 472 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BA6KN UT WOS:000337169200019 ER PT S AU Ozik, J North, M AF Ozik, Jonathan North, Michael BE Takadama, K CioffiRevilla, C Deffuant, G TI Modeling Endogenous Coordination Using a Dynamic Language SO SIMULATING INTERACTING AGENTS AND SOCIAL PHENOMENA: THE SECOND WORLD CONGRESS SE Springer Series on Agent Based Social Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Social Simulation CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL George Mason Univ, Washington, DC SP Pacific Area Assoc Agent Based Social Syst Sci, European Social Simulat Assoc, N Amer Assoc Comp Social & Org Sci HO George Mason Univ DE Dynamic language; Endogenous; Coordination; Emergence; Agent-based modeling AB Dynamic languages are computer languages that allow programs to substantially restructure themselves while they are running. Interest in these kinds of programming languages has dramatically increased in the last few years. This paper builds on previous work by exploring the use of a popular dynamic language, namely Groovy, within the Repast Simphony (Repast S) platform. This language is applied to modeling the endogenous emergence of coordination within a group of social agents. This paper introduces the Endogenous Emergence of Coordination (EndEC) model. It then highlights many of the features in Groovy that were found to be particularly helpful during model implementation. This demonstrates the powerful and flexible capabilities that a dynamic language can bring to the creation of agent-based models. What is particularly exciting is the potential for creating truly dynamic and evolving open-ended simulations, where the simulation fundamentally changes as it executes. C1 [Ozik, Jonathan; North, Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ozik, Jonathan; North, Michael] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ozik, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ozik@anl.gov; north@anl.gov FU UChicago Argonne, under US Department of Energy [DE-AC-02- 06CH11357] FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who offered helpful comments and suggestions. UChicago Argonne, under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC-02- 06CH11357 supported this work NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1861-0803 BN 978-4-431-99780-1 J9 SPRINGER SER AGENT B PY 2010 VL 7 BP 265 EP + DI 10.1007/978-4-431-99781-8_19 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BVQ97 UT WOS:000292494100019 ER PT S AU Liu, YS Luo, YH Baker, JO Zeng, YN Himmel, ME Smith, S Ding, SY AF Liu, Yu-San Luo, Yonghua Baker, John O. Zeng, Yining Himmel, Michael E. Smith, Steve Ding, Shi-You BE Enderlein, J Grycznski, ZK Erdmann, R TI A single molecule study of cellulase hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose SO SINGLE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging III CY JAN 23-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Single molecule spectroscopy; AFM; TIRF; cellulose; carbohydrate-binding module (CBM); Cellobiohydrolase (CBH I) ID BINDING; MICROFIBRILS; BACTERIAL AB Cellobiohydrolase-I (CBH I), a processive exoglucanase secreted by Trichoderma reesei, is one of the key enzyme components in a commercial cellulase mixture currently used for processing biomass to biofuels. CBH I contains a family 7 glycoside hydrolase catalytic module, a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), and a highly-glycosylated linker peptide. It has been proposed that the CBH I cellulase initiates the hydrolysis from the reducing end of one cellulose chain and successively cleaves alternate beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds to release cellobiose as its principal end product. The role each module of CBH I plays in the processive hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose has yet to be convincingly elucidated. In this report, we use a single-molecule approach that combines optical (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy, or TIRF-M) and non-optical (Atomic Force Microscopy, or AFM) imaging techniques to analyze the molecular motion of CBM tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP), and to investigate the surface structure of crystalline cellulose and changes made in the structure by CBM and CBH I. The preliminary results have revealed a confined nanometer-scale movement of the TrCBM1-GFP bound to cellulose, and decreases in cellulose crystal size as well as increases in surface roughness during CBH I hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. C1 [Liu, Yu-San; Luo, Yonghua; Baker, John O.; Zeng, Yining; Himmel, Michael E.; Ding, Shi-You] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, YS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM shi.you.ding@nrel.gov RI Luo, Y/H-6294-2012 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7967-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7571 AR 757103 DI 10.1117/12.840975 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSG14 UT WOS:000284353600001 ER PT S AU Xu, ZH Cotlet, M AF Xu, Zhihua Cotlet, Mircea BE Enderlein, J Grycznski, ZK Erdmann, R TI Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy studies of photo-induced electron transfer between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and fullerene SO SINGLE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging III CY JAN 23-25, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; photoinduced electron transfer; fullerene; single molecule spectroscopy; fluorescence lifetime ID SOLAR-CELLS; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; FILMS AB Photo-induced electron transfer in CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dot-fullerene conjugates was investigated by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. The average rate for photoinduced electron transfer is estimated around 10(8)s(-1). Quenching by electron transfer is observed in the "on" state and it manifests both as reduced fluorescence intensity and as shortening in fluorescence lifetime. As a result, the electron transfer changes the on/off dynamics of the fluorescence intensity of individual quantum dots. C1 [Xu, Zhihua; Cotlet, Mircea] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, ZH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cotlet@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7967-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7571 AR 75710M DI 10.1117/12.845922 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BSG14 UT WOS:000284353600011 ER PT B AU DiAntonio, CB Ewsuk, KG AF DiAntonio, C. B. Ewsuk, K. G. BE Fang, ZZ TI Master sintering curve and its application in sintering of electronic ceramics SO SINTERING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND PROCESSES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE master sintering curve; electroceramic; sintering; densification ID CRADA DEVELOPS MODEL; DIE DESIGN; DIFFUSION; DIAGRAMS; SURFACE AB The ability to optimize and tailor the properties of an electroceramic is one of the most challenging capabilities that an electroceramist must develop. Due to the fact that such a strong link exists between the microstructure of an electroceramic and its macroscopic electrical properties, significant efforts need to be made to control the factors and parameters that influence the characteristics of the microstructure. This chapter discusses the construction, utilization, and implementation of master sintering curves as specifically applied to electroceramics. The findings presented here demonstrate that a systematic approach to design, predict and control sintering of electroceramic systems is possible through the implementation of the master sintering curve. C1 [DiAntonio, C. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Adv Prototyping S&T, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Adv Prototyping S&T, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cbdiant@sandia.gov; kgewsuk@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-562-0 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2010 BP 130 EP 161 D2 10.1533/9781845699949 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVH17 UT WOS:000291544900007 ER PT S AU Albright, BJ Yin, L Hegelich, BM Bowers, KJ Huang, C Henig, A Fernandez, JC Flippo, KA Gaillard, SA Kwan, TJT Yan, XQ Tajima, T Habs, D AF Albright, B. J. Yin, L. Hegelich, B. M. Bowers, K. J. Huang, C. Henig, A. Fernandez, J. C. Flippo, K. A. Gaillard, S. A. Kwan, T. J. T. Yan, X. Q. Tajima, T. Habs, D. GP IFSA TI Ultraintense laser interaction with nanoscale targets: a simple model for layer expansion and ion acceleration SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID PROTON-BEAMS; FAST IGNITION AB A simple model has been derived for expansion of a thin (up to 100s of nm thickness) target initially of solid density irradiated by an ultraintense laser. In this regime, ion acceleration mechanisms, such as the Break-Out Afterburner (BOA) [1], emerge with the potential for dramatically improved energy, efficiency, and energy spread. Ion beams have been proposed [2] as drivers for fast ignition inertial confinement fusion [3]. Analysis of kinetic simulations of the BOA shows the period of enhanced acceleration occurs between times t(1), when the target becomes relativistically transparent to the laser, and t(2), when the target becomes classically underdense and the enhanced acceleration terminates. A simple model for target expansion has been derived that contains early, one-dimensional (1D) expansion of the target and three-dimensional (3D) expansion at late times. The model assumes expansion is slab-like at the instantaneous ion sound speed and requires as input target composition, laser intensity, laser spot area, and the efficiency of laser absorption into electron thermal energy. C1 [Albright, B. J.; Yin, L.; Hegelich, B. M.; Bowers, K. J.; Huang, C.; Fernandez, J. C.; Flippo, K. A.; Gaillard, S. A.; Kwan, T. J. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albright, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balbright@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Hegelich, Bjorn/J-2689-2013; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Huang, Chengkun/0000-0002-3176-8042; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 042022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042022 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000172 ER PT S AU Barnard, JJ Armijo, J Bieniosek, FM Friedman, A Hay, M Henestroza, E Logan, BG More, RM Ni, PA Perkins, LJ Ng, SF Wurtele, JS Yu, SS Zylstra, AB AF Barnard, J. J. Armijo, J. Bieniosek, F. M. Friedman, A. Hay, M. Henestroza, E. Logan, B. G. More, R. M. Ni, P. A. Perkins, L. J. Ng, S-F. Wurtele, J. S. Yu, S. S. Zylstra, A. B. GP IFSA TI Simulations for experimental study of warm dense matter and inertial fusion energy applications on NDCX-II SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II (NDCX II) is an induction accelerator planned for initial commissioning in 2012. The final design calls for a similar to 3 MeV, similar to 30 A Li+ ion beam, delivered in a bunch with characteristic pulse duration of 1 ns, and transverse dimension of order 1 mm. The purpose of NDCX II is to carry out experimental studies of material in the warm dense matter regime, and ion beam/hydrodynamic coupling experiments relevant to heavy ion based inertial fusion energy. In preparation for this new machine, we have carried out hydrodynamic simulations of ion-beam-heated, metallic solid targets, connecting quantities related to observables, such as brightness temperature and expansion velocity at the critical frequency, with the simulated fluid density, temperature, and velocity. We examine how these quantities depend on two commonly used equations of state. C1 [Barnard, J. J.; Friedman, A.; Perkins, L. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjbarnard@llnl.gov RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032027 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000116 ER PT S AU Bayramian, AJ Campbell, RW Ebbers, CA Freitas, BL Latkowski, J Molander, WA Sutton, SB Telford, S Caird, JA AF Bayramian, A. J. Campbell, R. W. Ebbers, C. A. Freitas, B. L. Latkowski, J. Molander, W. A. Sutton, S. B. Telford, S. Caird, J. A. GP IFSA TI A Laser Technology Test Facility for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID COOLED LASER; POWER AB A LIFE laser driver needs to be designed and operated which meets the rigorous requirements of the NIF laser system while operating at high average power, and operate for a lifetime of >30 years. Ignition on NIF will serve to demonstrate laser driver functionality, operation of the Mercury laser system at LLNL demonstrates the ability of a diode-pumped solid-state laser to run at high average power, but the operational lifetime >30 yrs remains to be proven. A Laser Technology test Facility (LTF) has been designed to specifically address this issue. The LTF is a 100-Hz diode-pumped solid-state laser system intended for accelerated testing of the diodes, gain media, optics, frequency converters and final optics, providing system statistics for billion shot class tests. These statistics will be utilized for material and technology development as well as economic and reliability models for LIFE laser drivers. C1 [Bayramian, A. J.; Campbell, R. W.; Ebbers, C. A.; Freitas, B. L.; Latkowski, J.; Molander, W. A.; Sutton, S. B.; Telford, S.; Caird, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bayramian, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bayramian1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032016 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032016 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000105 ER PT S AU Bieniosek, FM Barnard, JJ Friedman, A Henestroza, E Jung, JY Leitner, MA Lidia, S Logan, BG More, RM Ni, PA Roy, PK Seidl, PA Waldron, WL AF Bieniosek, F. M. Barnard, J. J. Friedman, A. Henestroza, E. Jung, J. Y. Leitner, M. A. Lidia, S. Logan, B. G. More, R. M. Ni, P. A. Roy, P. K. Seidl, P. A. Waldron, W. L. GP IFSA TI Ion-beam-driven warm dense matter experiments SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB As a technique for heating matter to high energy density, intense beams of heavy ions are capable of delivering precise and uniform beam energy deposition to a relatively large sample. The US heavy ion fusion science program has developed techniques for heating and diagnosing warm dense matter (WDM) targets. We have developed a WDM target chamber and a suite of target diagnostics including a fast multi-channel optical pyrometer, optical streak camera, VISAR, and high-speed gated cameras. Initial WDM experiments heat targets by both the compressed and uncompressed parts of the NDCX-I beam, and explore measurement of temperature, droplet formation and other target parameters. Continued improvements in beam tuning, bunch compression, and other upgrades are expected to yield higher temperature and pressure in the WDM targets. Future experiments are planned in areas such as dense electronegative targets, porous target homogenization and two-phase equation of state. C1 [Bieniosek, F. M.; Henestroza, E.; Jung, J. Y.; Leitner, M. A.; Lidia, S.; Logan, B. G.; More, R. M.; Ni, P. A.; Roy, P. K.; Seidl, P. A.; Waldron, W. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnard, J. J.; Friedman, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmbieniosek@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032028 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032028 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000117 ER PT S AU Brown, CG Bond, E Clancy, T Dangi, S Eder, DC Ferguson, W Kimbrough, J Throop, A AF Brown, C. G., Jr. Bond, E. Clancy, T. Dangi, S. Eder, D. C. Ferguson, W. Kimbrough, J. Throop, A. GP IFSA TI Assessment and Mitigation of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Impacts at Short-pulse Laser Facilities SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be impacted by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) during normal long-pulse operation, but the largest impacts are expected during short-pulse operation utilizing the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC). Without mitigation these impacts could range from data corruption to hardware damage. We describe our EMP measurement systems on Titan and NIF and present some preliminary results and thoughts on mitigation. C1 [Brown, C. G., Jr.; Bond, E.; Clancy, T.; Dangi, S.; Eder, D. C.; Ferguson, W.; Kimbrough, J.; Throop, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brown207@llnl.gov OI Bond, Essex/0000-0003-4852-6100 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032001 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000090 ER PT S AU Clark, DS Haan, SW Hammel, BA Salmonson, JD Callahan, DA Town, RPJ AF Clark, Daniel S. Haan, Steven W. Hammel, Bruce A. Salmonson, Jay D. Callahan, Debra A. Town, Richard P. J. GP IFSA TI Plastic ablator ignition capsule design for the National Ignition Facility SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper describes current efforts to develop a plastic ablator capsule design for the first ignition attempt on the National Ignition Facility. The trade-offs in capsule scale and laser energy that must be made to achieve ignition probabilities comparable to those with other candidate ablators, beryllium and high-density carbon, are emphasized. Large numbers of 1-D simulations, meant to assess the statistical behavior of the target design, as well as 2-D simulations to assess the target's susceptibility to Rayleigh-Taylor growth are discussed. C1 [Clark, Daniel S.; Haan, Steven W.; Hammel, Bruce A.; Salmonson, Jay D.; Callahan, Debra A.; Town, Richard P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clark90@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022010 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000020 ER PT S AU Crane, JK Tietbohl, G Arnold, P Bliss, ES Boley, C Britten, G Brunton, G Clark, W Dawson, JW Fochs, S Hackel, R Haefner, C Halpin, J Heebner, J Henesian, M Hermann, M Hernandez, J Kanz, V McHale, B McLeod, JB Nguyen, H Phan, H Rushford, M Shaw, B Shverdin, M Sigurdsson, R Speck, R Stolz, C Trummer, D Wolfe, J Wong, JN Siders, GC Barty, CPJ AF Crane, J. K. Tietbohl, G. Arnold, P. Bliss, E. S. Boley, C. Britten, G. Brunton, G. Clark, W. Dawson, J. W. Fochs, S. Hackel, R. Haefner, C. Halpin, J. Heebner, J. Henesian, M. Hermann, M. Hernandez, J. Kanz, V. McHale, B. McLeod, J. B. Nguyen, H. Phan, H. Rushford, M. Shaw, B. Shverdin, M. Sigurdsson, R. Speck, R. Stolz, C. Trummer, D. Wolfe, J. Wong, J. N. Siders, G. C. Barty, C. P. J. GP IFSA TI Progress on Converting a NIF Quad to Eight, Petawatt Beams for Advanced Radiography SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID HIGH-ENERGY; LASER; PULSES AB We are converting a quad of NIF beamlines into eight, short-pulse (1-50 ps), petawatt-class beams for advanced radiography and fast ignition experiments. This paper describes progress toward completing this project. C1 [Crane, J. K.; Tietbohl, G.; Arnold, P.; Bliss, E. S.; Boley, C.; Britten, G.; Brunton, G.; Clark, W.; Dawson, J. W.; Fochs, S.; Hackel, R.; Haefner, C.; Halpin, J.; Heebner, J.; Henesian, M.; Hermann, M.; Hernandez, J.; Kanz, V.; McHale, B.; McLeod, J. B.; Nguyen, H.; Phan, H.; Rushford, M.; Shaw, B.; Shverdin, M.; Sigurdsson, R.; Speck, R.; Stolz, C.; Trummer, D.; Wolfe, J.; Wong, J. N.; Siders, G. C.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Crane, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crane1@llnl.gov RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009 NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032003 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000092 ER PT S AU Delamater, ND Wilson, DC Kyrala, GA Seifter, A Hoffman, NM AF Delamater, N. D. Wilson, D. C. Kyrala, G. A. Seifter, A. Hoffman, N. M. GP IFSA TI Sensitivity of Capsule Implosion Symmetry due to Laser Beam Imbalance in a Scale 0.2 Hot Hohlraum at OMEGA SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Results are shown from recent experiments at the Omega laser facility, using 40 Omega beams driving the hohlraum with 3 cones from each side and up to 19.5 kJ of laser energy. Beam phasing is achieved by decreasing the energy separately in each of the three cones, by 3 kJ, for a total drive energy of 16.5 kJ. This results in a more asymmetric drive, which will vary the shape of the imploded symmetry capsule core from round to oblate or prolate in a systematic and controlled manner. These results show the sensitivity of capsule implosion symmetry for implosions in "high temperature" (275 eV) hohlraums at Omega. Dante measurements confirmed the predicted peak drive temperatures of 275 eV. Implosion core time dependent x-ray images were obtained from framing camera data which show the expected change in symmetry due to beam imbalance and which also agree well with post processed hydro code calculations. C1 [Delamater, N. D.; Wilson, D. C.; Kyrala, G. A.; Seifter, A.; Hoffman, N. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delamater, ND (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-T085, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ndd@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032043 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032043 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000132 ER PT S AU Dewald, EL Suter, LJ Thomas, C Hunter, S Meeker, D Meezan, N Glenzer, SH Bond, E Kline, J Dixit, S Kauffman, RL Kilkenny, J Landen, OL AF Dewald, E. L. Suter, L. J. Thomas, C. Hunter, S. Meeker, D. Meezan, N. Glenzer, S. H. Bond, E. Kline, J. Dixit, S. Kauffman, R. L. Kilkenny, J. Landen, O. L. GP IFSA TI First hot electron measurements in near-ignition scale hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID TARGETS; NIF AB On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the hot electrons generated in laser heated hohlraums are inferred from the >20 keV bremsstrahlung emission measured with the FFLEX broadband spectrometer. New high energy (>200 keV) time resolved channels were added to meet requirements for ignition and to infer the generated >170 keV hot electrons that can cause ignition capsule preheat. First hot electron measurements in near ignition scaled hohlraums heated by 96-192 NIF laser beams are presented. C1 [Dewald, E. L.; Suter, L. J.; Thomas, C.; Hunter, S.; Meeker, D.; Meezan, N.; Glenzer, S. H.; Bond, E.; Dixit, S.; Kauffman, R. L.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dewald, EL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dewald3@llnl.gov OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022074 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022074 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000084 ER PT S AU Doppner, T Fortmann, C Davis, PF Kritcher, AL Landen, OL Lee, HJ Redmer, R Regan, SP Glenzer, SH AF Doeppner, T. Fortmann, C. Davis, P. F. Kritcher, A. L. Landen, O. L. Lee, H. J. Redmer, R. Regan, S. P. Glenzer, S. H. GP IFSA TI X-ray Thomson Scattering for measuring Dense Beryllium Plasma Collisionality SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB We are developing a target platform that utilizes short-pulse (10 ps) generated hot electrons (similar to 200 keV) to isochorically heat solid density beryllium up to temperatures of several 10 eV. We use x-ray Thomson scattering to characterize the plasma conditions. X-rays from a Cl Ly-ff line source at 2.96 keV are scattered off the plasma in forward direction where the inelastically scattered signal is sensitive to plasma oscillations. Besides Landau-damping the strong energy down-shifted plasmon signal is also broadened by electron-ion collisions which, in turn, allows to infer the collision rate and thus the conductivity in these plasmas. A precise knowledge of the collisionality in the parameter regime we are aiming at with these experiments is important to correctly model the conditions encountered during capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility. C1 [Doeppner, T.; Fortmann, C.; Kritcher, A. L.; Landen, O. L.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Doppner, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM doeppner1@llnl.gov RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032044 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032044 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000133 ER PT S AU Fisher, AC Bailey, DS Kaiser, TB Gunney, BTN Masters, ND Koniges, AE Eder, DC Anderson, RW AF Fisher, A. C. Bailey, D. S. Kaiser, T. B. Gunney, B. T. N. Masters, N. D. Koniges, A. E. Eder, D. C. Anderson, R. W. GP IFSA TI Modeling Heat Conduction and Radiation Transport with the Diffusion Equation in NIF ALE-AMR SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID HYDRODYNAMIC CODES AB The ALE-AMR code developed for NIF is a multi-material hydro-code that models target assembly fragmentation in the aftermath of a shot. The combination of ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) hydro with AMR (Adaptive Mesh Refinement) allows the code to model a wide range of physical conditions and spatial scales. The large range of temperatures encountered in the NIF target chamber can lead to significant fluxes of energy due to thermal conduction and radiative transport. These physical effects can be modeled approximately with the aid of the diffusion equation. We present a novel method for the solution of the diffusion equation on a composite mesh in order to capture these physical effects. C1 [Fisher, A. C.; Bailey, D. S.; Kaiser, T. B.; Gunney, B. T. N.; Masters, N. D.; Eder, D. C.; Anderson, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fisher, AC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fisher47@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022075 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022075 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000085 ER PT S AU Flippo, K Bartal, T Beg, F Chawla, S Cobble, J Gaillard, S Hey, D MacKinnon, A MacPhee, A Nilson, P Offermann, D Le Pape, S Schmitt, MJ AF Flippo, Kirk Bartal, Teresa Beg, Farhat Chawla, Sugreev Cobble, Jim Gaillard, Sandrine Hey, Daniel MacKinnon, Andrew MacPhee, Andrew Nilson, Phillip Offermann, Dustin Le Pape, Sebastien Schmitt, Mark J. GP IFSA TI Omega EP, Laser Scalings and the 60 MeV Barrier: First Observations of Ion Acceleration Performance in the 10 Picosecond Kilojoule Short-Pulse Regime SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID PETAWATT-LASER; SOLID INTERACTIONS; PROTON PRODUCTION; DRIVEN; PLASMA; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; BEAMS AB Omega EP is capable of producing 1000 J in 10 ps and is currently the most energetic short-pulse laser in the world. The performance of EP in terms of proton beam energies is compared with other laser systems worldwide at similar intensities. Omega EP results are discussed in the context of these lasers and the empirical similar to 60 MeV barrier, which has existed since the discovery of forward laser-accelerated protons in 2000 [1-2]. C1 [Flippo, Kirk; Cobble, Jim; Gaillard, Sandrine; Offermann, Dustin; Schmitt, Mark J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flippo, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kflippo@lanl.gov RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022033 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000043 ER PT S AU Goldman, SR Kyrala, GA Dodd, ES Grondalski, JP Hoffman, NM Rose, HA Seifter, A AF Goldman, S. R. Kyrala, G. A. Dodd, E. S. Grondalski, J. P. Hoffman, N. M. Rose, H. A. Seifter, A. GP IFSA TI On a statistical scattering model to explain capsule implosion asymmetry in vacuum hohlraums with radiation temperatures of order 100eV SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB We apply a statistical scattering model of laser ray propagation to obtain improved agreement with measurements for capsule emission symmetry in one of three sets of experiments. Linearized post-processing of the simulations foramplification of a variety of plasma instabilities, coupled with an accounting for intensity seed perturbations in the laser beams suggests that thermal filamentation can cause the density fluctuations. Although this mechanism does not appear to be significant in the remaining two series, its identification adds to the knowledge base in the use of symmetry capsules to measure hohlraum drive asymmetry. C1 [Goldman, S. R.; Kyrala, G. A.; Dodd, E. S.; Grondalski, J. P.; Hoffman, N. M.; Rose, H. A.; Seifter, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldman, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM srg@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022076 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022076 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000086 ER PT S AU Grim, GP Archuleta, TN Bradley, PA Fowler, MM Hayes, AC Jungman, G Obst, AW Rundberg, RS Vieira, DJ Wang, YQ Wilhelmy, JB AF Grim, G. P. Archuleta, T. N. Bradley, P. A. Fowler, M. M. Hayes, A. C. Jungman, G. Obst, A. W. Rundberg, R. S. Vieira, D. J. Wang, Y. Q. Wilhelmy, J. B. GP IFSA TI Target debris collection studies for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID RADIOCHEMISTRY; LASER AB At the recently completed National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the initial set of diagnostics to be deployed are focused on measuring neutrons and gamma's generated by d(t,n)alpha reactions in the imploded capsule. Although valuable for under standing pre-ignition experiments, this abbreviated diagnostic suite provides an incomplete picture of the plasma conditions obtained. Prompt radio chemical techniques, based on induced neutron and charged particle reactions within the imploded target, provide a novel and interesting new perspective. To enable these techniques requires the collection and assay of activated target material. In Nov. 2008, experiments were performed using the Omega Laser at the University of Rochester to study the efficiency of collecting debris from directly driven targets. Results from these experiments indicate that target debris was successfully collected, and the debris thermalization and transport scheme enhanced the debris collection upto 347% over direct collection. C1 [Grim, G. P.; Archuleta, T. N.; Bradley, P. A.; Fowler, M. M.; Hayes, A. C.; Jungman, G.; Obst, A. W.; Rundberg, R. S.; Vieira, D. J.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wilhelmy, J. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grim, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpgrim@lanl.gov OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032046 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032046 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000135 ER PT S AU Haefner, C Heebner, JE Dawson, J Fochs, S Shverdin, M Crane, JK Kanz, KV Halpin, J Phan, H Sigurdsson, R Brewer, W Britten, J Brunton, G Clark, B Messerly, MJ Nissen, JD Shaw, B Hackel, R Hermann, M Tietbohl, G Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Haefner, C. Heebner, J. E. Dawson, J. Fochs, S. Shverdin, M. Crane, J. K. Kanz, K. V. Halpin, J. Phan, H. Sigurdsson, R. Brewer, W. Britten, J. Brunton, G. Clark, B. Messerly, M. J. Nissen, J. D. Shaw, B. Hackel, R. Hermann, M. Tietbohl, G. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. GP IFSA TI PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS OF THE INJECTION LASER SYSTEM CONFIGURED FOR PICOSECOND SCALE ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHIC CAPABILITY SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID HIGH-ENERGY AB We have characterized the Advanced Radiographic Capability injection laser system and demonstrated that it meets performance requirements for upcoming National Ignition Facility fusion experiments. Pulse compression was achieved with a scaled down replica of the meter-scale grating ARC compressor and sub-ps pulse duration was demonstrated at the Joule-level. C1 [Haefner, C.; Heebner, J. E.; Dawson, J.; Fochs, S.; Shverdin, M.; Crane, J. K.; Kanz, K. V.; Halpin, J.; Phan, H.; Sigurdsson, R.; Brewer, W.; Britten, J.; Brunton, G.; Clark, B.; Messerly, M. J.; Nissen, J. D.; Shaw, B.; Hackel, R.; Hermann, M.; Tietbohl, G.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haefner, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haefner2@llnl.gov RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032005 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000094 ER PT S AU Herrmann, HW Young, CS Mack, JM Kim, YH McEvoy, A Evans, S Sedillo, T Batha, S Schmitt, M Wilson, DC Langenbrunner, JR Malone, R Kaufman, MI Cox, BC Frogget, B Miller, EK Ali, ZA Tunnell, TW Stoeffl, W Horsfield, CJ Rubery, M AF Herrmann, H. W. Young, C. S. Mack, J. M. Kim, Y. H. McEvoy, A. Evans, S. Sedillo, T. Batha, S. Schmitt, M. Wilson, D. C. Langenbrunner, J. R. Malone, R. Kaufman, M. I. Cox, B. C. Frogget, B. Miller, E. K. Ali, Z. A. Tunnell, T. W. Stoeffl, W. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. GP IFSA TI ICF Gamma-Ray Reaction History Diagnostics SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Reaction history measurements, such as nuclear bang time and burn width, are fundamental components of diagnosing ICF implosions and will be employed to help steer the National Ignition Facility (NIF) towards ignition. Fusion gammas provide a direct measure of nuclear interaction rate (unlike x-rays) without being compromised by Doppler spreading (unlike neutrons). Gas Cherenkov Detectors that convert fusion gamma rays to UV/visible Cherenkov photons for collection by fast optical recording systems have established their usefulness in illuminating ICF physics in several experimental campaigns at OMEGA. In particular, bang time precision better than 25 ps has been demonstrated, well below the 50 ps accuracy requirement defined by the NIF. NIF Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostics are being developed based on optimization of sensitivity, bandwidth, dynamic range, cost, and NIF-specific logistics, requirements and extreme radiation environment. Implementation will occur in two phases. The first phase consists of four channels mounted to the outside of the target chamber at similar to 6 m from target chamber center (GRH-6m) coupled to ultra-fast photo-multiplier tubes (PMT). This system is intended to operate in the 10(13)-10(17) neutron yield range expected during the early THD campaign. It will have high enough bandwidth to provide accurate bang times and burn widths for the expected THD reaction histories (>80 ps fwhm). Successful operation of the first GRH-6m channel has been demonstrated at OMEGA, allowing a verification of instrument sensitivity, timing and EMI/background suppression. The second phase will consist of several channels located just inside the target bay shield wall at 15 m from target chamber center (GRH-15m) with optical paths leading through the cement shield wall to well-shielded streak cameras and PMTs. This system is intended to operate in the 10(16)-10(20) yield range expected during the DT ignition campaign, providing higher temporal resolution for the expected burn widths of 10-20 ps associated with ignition. Multiple channels at each phase will allow for increased redundancy, reliability, accuracy and flexibility. In addition, inherent energy thresholding capability combined with this multiplicity will allow exploration of interesting gamma-ray physics well beyond the ignition campaign. C1 [Herrmann, H. W.; Young, C. S.; Mack, J. M.; Kim, Y. H.; McEvoy, A.; Evans, S.; Sedillo, T.; Batha, S.; Schmitt, M.; Wilson, D. C.; Langenbrunner, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herrmann, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,M-S E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM herrmann@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032047 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032047 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000136 ER PT S AU Hinkel, DE Callahan, DA Meezan, NB Suter, LJ Still, CH Strozzi, DJ Williams, EA Langdon, AB AF Hinkel, D. E. Callahan, D. A. Meezan, N. B. Suter, L. J. Still, C. H. Strozzi, D. J. Williams, E. A. Langdon, A. B. GP IFSA TI Analyses of laser-plasma interactions in NIF ignition emulator designs SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The National Ignition Campaign is currently conducting energetics experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These experiments directly test all aspects of ignition hohlraum performance. An important aspect of good performance is understanding and mitigation of laser-plasma interactions, which enables laser coupling to the target. The hohlraum energetics target and pulse-shape are designed to produce an ignition-hohlraum-like plasma to test laser-plasma interactions. The pre-shot laser-plasma interaction predictions for the first energetics targets (one room temperature target, and one cryogenic target) are presented here. These findings correlate well with the experimental data, namely that the primary concern is stimulated Raman scatter of the inner beams deep in the target. Such scatter is mostly re-absorbed, but modifies the energy deposition profile and thus the symmetry. Stimulated Brillouin scatter is at low levels, both in pre-shot predictions and in the experiments. C1 [Hinkel, D. E.; Callahan, D. A.; Meezan, N. B.; Suter, L. J.; Still, C. H.; Strozzi, D. J.; Williams, E. A.; Langdon, A. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hinkel, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hinkel1@llnl.gov OI Strozzi, David/0000-0001-8814-3791 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022019 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000029 ER PT S AU Hoffman, NM Hammel, BA Schilling, O AF Hoffman, Nelson M. Hammel, Bruce A. Schilling, Oleg GP IFSA TI Calibrating mix models for NIF tuning SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID INSTABILITIES AB Mixing may play a role in early "tuning" implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), intended for optimizing target geometry and laser operating parameters prior to the first ignition shots. Turbulent transport models allow mixing to be represented in integrated capsule-plus-hohlraum simulations, so that its effects can be predicted. Such models typically have many adjustable coefficients, so it is important to calibrate the coefficients systematically, whether by comparison to experiments, theory, or detailed higher fidelity simulations. We have begun by comparing to results from high-resolution 2D multimode simulations of a NIF Rev3 CH(Ge) ignition capsule, using the time-varying angle-averaged radial profiles of ion species composition as the calibration reference. 1D implosion simulations are performed with either of two turbulence models, and the models are calibrated so that the 1D composition profiles roughly match the 2D reference profiles at a sequence of five times near the end of the implosion. Details of the reference profiles, however, such as non-monotonicity resulting from structures in the flow, cannot be represented by these models. Parameter searches, besides identifying optimal sets of model coefficients, also exhibit model sensitivity to parameter variations. C1 [Hoffman, Nelson M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, NM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmh@lanl.gov OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022011 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000021 ER PT S AU Homoelle, D Baker, KL Patel, PK Utterback, E Rushford, MC Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Homoelle, D. Baker, K. L. Patel, P. K. Utterback, E. Rushford, M. C. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. GP IFSA TI Interferometric adaptive optics for high-power laser beam correction in fast ignition experiments SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID SYSTEMS AB We present the design for a high-speed adaptive optics system that will be used to achieve the necessary laser pointing and beam-quality performance for initial fast-ignition coupling experiments. This design makes use of a 32x32 pixellated MEMS device as the adaptive optic and a two-channel interferometer as the wave-front sensor. We present results from a system testbed that demonstrates improvement of the Strehl ratio from 0.09 to 0.61 and stabilization of beam pointing from similar to 75 mu rad to <2 mu rad. C1 [Homoelle, D.; Baker, K. L.; Patel, P. K.; Utterback, E.; Rushford, M. C.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Homoelle, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM homoelle1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032007 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000096 ER PT S AU Hurricane, OA Hansen, JF Harding, EC Drake, RP Robey, HF Remington, BA Kuranz, CC Grosskopf, MJ Gillespie, RS Park, H AF Hurricane, O. A. Hansen, J. F. Harding, E. C. Drake, R. P. Robey, H. F. Remington, B. A. Kuranz, C. C. Grosskopf, M. J. Gillespie, R. S. Park, H. GP IFSA TI Understanding the implications of the data from recent high-energy-density Kelvin-Helmholtz shear layer experiments SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The first successful high energy density Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) shear layer experiments (O.A. Hurricane, et al., Phys. Plasmas, 16, 056305, 2009; E. C. Harding, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 045005, 2009) demonstrated the ability to design and field a target that produces an array of large diagnosable KH vortices in a controlled fashion. Data from these experiments vividly showed the complete evolution of large distinct eddies, from formation to apparent turbulent break-up. Unexpectedly, low-density bubbles/cavities comparable to the vortex size (similar to 300 - 400 mu m) appeared to grow up in the free-stream flow above the unstable material interface. In this paper, the basic principles of the experiment will be discussed, the data reviewed, and the progress on understanding the origin of the above bubble structures through theory and simulation will be reported on. (IFSA 1.10.096) C1 [Hurricane, O. A.; Hansen, J. F.; Robey, H. F.; Remington, B. A.; Park, H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hurricane, OA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hurricane1@llnl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 042007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042007 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000157 ER PT S AU Izumi, N Stone, G Hagmann, C Sorce, C Bradley, DK Moran, M Landen, OL Springer, P Stoeffl, W Tommasini, R Hermann, HW Kyrala, GA Glebov, VY Knauer, J Sangster, TC Koch, JA AF Izumi, N. Stone, G. Hagmann, C. Sorce, C. Bradley, D. K. Moran, M. Landen, O. L. Springer, P. Stoeffl, W. Tommasini, R. Hermann, H. W. Kyrala, G. A. Glebov, V. Y. Knauer, J. Sangster, T. C. Koch, J. A. GP IFSA TI Experimental evaluation of neutron induced noise on gated x-ray framing cameras SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB A micro-channel plate based temporally-gated x-ray camera (framing camera) is one of the most versatile diagnostic tools of inertial confinement fusion experiments; particularly for observation of the shape of x-ray self emission from compressed core of imploded capsules. However, components used in an x-ray framing camera have sensitivity to various kinds of secondary radiation induced by neutron. On early low-yield capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the expected neutron production is about 5 x 10(14). Therefore, the expected neutron fluence at a framing camera located similar to 150 cm from the object is 2 x 10(9) neutrons/cm(2). To obtain gated x-ray images in such harsh neutron environments, quantitative understanding of neutron-induced backgrounds is crucial. C1 [Izumi, N.; Stone, G.; Hagmann, C.; Sorce, C.; Bradley, D. K.; Moran, M.; Landen, O. L.; Springer, P.; Stoeffl, W.; Tommasini, R.; Koch, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM izumi2@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; tommasini, riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; tommasini, riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032048 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032048 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000137 ER PT S AU Jones, OS Milovich, JL Callahan, DA Edwards, MJ Landen, OL Salmonson, JD Clark, DS Haan, SW Marinak, MM Patel, MV Langer, SH Sepke, SM Springer, PT Hatchett, SP AF Jones, O. S. Milovich, J. L. Callahan, D. A. Edwards, M. J. Landen, O. L. Salmonson, J. D. Clark, D. S. Haan, S. W. Marinak, M. M. Patel, M. V. Langer, S. H. Sepke, S. M. Springer, P. T. Hatchett, S. P. GP IFSA TI 3D Simulations of the NIF Indirect Drive Ignition Target Design SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The radiation hydrodynamics code Hydra is used to quantify the sensitivity of different NIF ignition point designs to several 3D effects. Each of the 48 NIF quads is included in the calculations and is allowed to have different power. With this model we studied the effect on imploded core symmetry of discrete laser spots (as opposed to idealized azimuthally-averaged rings) and random variations in laser power. C1 [Jones, O. S.; Milovich, J. L.; Callahan, D. A.; Edwards, M. J.; Landen, O. L.; Salmonson, J. D.; Clark, D. S.; Haan, S. W.; Marinak, M. M.; Patel, M. V.; Langer, S. H.; Sepke, S. M.; Springer, P. T.; Hatchett, S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, OS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jones96@llnl.gov OI Patel, Mehul/0000-0002-0486-010X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022077 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022077 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000087 ER PT S AU Khater, H Dauffy, L Tommasini, R Eckart, M Eder, D AF Khater, H. Dauffy, L. Tommasini, R. Eckart, M. Eder, D. GP IFSA TI Simulation of Radiation Backgrounds associated with the HEXRI Diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Experiments resulting in a significant neutron yield are scheduled to start in 2010 at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). A wide range of diagnostics will be used to measure several parameters of implosion such as the core and fuel shape, temperatures and densities, and neutron yield. Accurate evaluations of the neutron and gamma backgrounds are important for several diagnostics. Several Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to identify the expected signal to background ratios at several potential locations for the High Energy X-ray Imager (HEXRI) diagnostics. Gamma backgrounds were significantly reduced by using tungsten collimators. The collimators resulted in the reduction of the gamma background at the HEXRI scintillators by more than an order of magnitude during the first 40 ns following a Tritium-Hydrogen-Deuterium (THD) shot. C1 [Khater, H.; Dauffy, L.; Tommasini, R.; Eckart, M.; Eder, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Khater, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM khater1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032049 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000138 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Herrmann, HW Evans, S Sedillo, T Langenbrunner, JR Young, CS Mack, JM McEvoy, A Horsfield, CJ Rubery, M Ali, Z Stoeffl, W AF Kim, Y. Herrmann, H. W. Evans, S. Sedillo, T. Langenbrunner, J. R. Young, C. S. Mack, J. M. McEvoy, A. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. Ali, Z. Stoeffl, W. GP IFSA TI Measurement of DT Fusion and Neutron-induced Gamma-rays using Gas Cherenkov Detector SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB A secondary gamma experiment was carried out using a Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD) at the OMEGA laser facility. The primary experimental objective was to simulate neutron-induced secondary gamma production (n-gamma) from a NIF implosion capsule, hohlraum, and thermo-mechanical package. The high-band width of the GCD enabled us to detect time delayed and Doppler broadened n-gamma signals from five different puck materials (Si, SiO(2), Al, Al(2)O(3), Cu) placed near target chamber center. These measurements were used for MCNP & ITS ACCEPT code validation purposes. By a simple change of the GCD CO(2) gas pressure the system can effectively eliminate signals induced by n-gamma reactions and thereby allow quality measurements of DT fusion gamma-rays that are produced at NIF (National Ignition Facility). C1 [Kim, Y.; Herrmann, H. W.; Evans, S.; Sedillo, T.; Langenbrunner, J. R.; Young, C. S.; Mack, J. M.; McEvoy, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yhkim@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032050 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032050 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000139 ER PT S AU Koniges, AE Masters, ND Fisher, AC Anderson, RW Eder, DC Kaiser, TB Bailey, DS Gunney, B Wang, P Brown, B Fisher, K Hansen, F Maddox, BR Benson, DJ Meyers, M Geille, A AF Koniges, A. E. Masters, N. D. Fisher, A. C. Anderson, R. W. Eder, D. C. Kaiser, T. B. Bailey, D. S. Gunney, B. Wang, P. Brown, B. Fisher, K. Hansen, F. Maddox, B. R. Benson, D. J. Meyers, M. Geille, A. GP IFSA TI ALE-AMR: A New 3D Multi-Physics Code for Modeling Laser/Target Effects SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB We have developed a new 3D multi-physics multi-material code, ALE-AMR, for modeling laser/target effects including debris/shrapnel generation. The code combines Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) to connect the continuum to microstructural regimes. The code is unique in its ability to model hot radiating plasmas and cold fragmenting solids. New numerical techniques were developed for many of the physics packages to work efficiency on a dynamically moving and adapting mesh. A flexible strength/failure framework allows for pluggable material models. Material history arrays are used to store persistent data required by the material models, for instance, the level of accumulated damage or the evolving yield stress in J2 plasticity models. We model ductile metals as well as brittle materials such as Si, Be, and B4C. We use interface reconstruction based on volume fractions of the material components within mixed zones and reconstruct interfaces as needed. This interface reconstruction model is also used for void coalescence and fragmentation. The AMR framework allows for hierarchical material modeling (HMM) with different material models at different levels of refinement. Laser rays are propagated through a virtual composite mesh consisting of the finest resolution representation of the modeled space. A new 2nd order accurate diffusion solver has been implemented for the thermal conduction and radiation transport packages. The code is validated using laser and x-ray driven spall experiments in the US and France. We present an overview of the code and simulation results. C1 [Koniges, A. E.] Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koniges, AE (reprint author), Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aekoniges@lbl.gov OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032019 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000108 ER PT S AU Landen, OL MacGowan, BJ Haan, SW Edwards, J AF Landen, O. L. MacGowan, B. J. Haan, S. W. Edwards, J. GP IFSA TI Capsule Performance Optimization in the National Ignition Campaign SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID SIMULATIONS; FACILITY; TARGETS AB A capsule performance optimization campaign will be conducted at the National Ignition Facility [1] to substantially increase the probability of ignition. The campaign will experimentally correct for residual uncertainties in the implosion and hohlraum physics used in our radiation-hydrodynamic computational models before proceeding to cryogenic-layered implosions and ignition attempts. The required tuning techniques using a variety of ignition capsule surrogates have been demonstrated at the Omega facility under scaled hohlraum and capsule conditions relevant to the ignition design and shown to meet the required sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, a roll-up of all expected random and systematic uncertainties in setting the key ignition laser and target parameters due to residual measurement, calibration, cross-coupling, surrogacy, and scale-up errors has been derived that meets the required budget. C1 [Landen, O. L.; MacGowan, B. J.; Haan, S. W.; Edwards, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM landen1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022004 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000014 ER PT S AU Loomis, E Grim, G Wilde, C Wilson, DC Wilke, M Finch, J Morgan, G Tregillis, I Clark, D AF Loomis, E. Grim, G. Wilde, C. Wilson, D. C. Wilke, M. Finch, J. Morgan, G. Tregillis, I. Clark, D. GP IFSA TI Investigations into Reconstruction Techniques for the National Ignition Facility Neutron Imaging System SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION AB Neutron imaging is currently being developed as a primary diagnostic for inertial fusion studies at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). It is an attractive diagnostic for measuring asymmetries in the burn region and will be able to operate at neutron fluences found during ignition scale implosions. The most straightforward technique for imaging of the spatial distribution of deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion neutrons utilizes a simple pinhole aperture, which blocks all neutrons outside of the solid angle defined by the pinhole and results in a blurred image at the detector. We are currently investigating source image reconstruction techniques from detector images. Source reconstructions from Monte Carlo neutron transport (MCNP) calculations are shown to emulate hydrodynamic simulations with imposed Legendre asymmetries to high accuracy. C1 [Loomis, E.; Grim, G.; Wilde, C.; Wilson, D. C.; Wilke, M.; Morgan, G.; Tregillis, I.; Clark, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Loomis, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM loomis@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032051 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032051 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000140 ER PT S AU Magelssen, GR Cobble, JA Tregillis, IL Schmitt, MJ Batha, SH Bradley, PA Obrey, KAD AF Magelssen, G. R. Cobble, J. A. Tregillis, I. L. Schmitt, M. J. Batha, S. H. Bradley, P. A. Obrey, K. A. Defriend GP IFSA TI Single-shell direct-drive capsule designs to study effects of perturbations on burn SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The effect of small localized perturbations, such as fill tubes and mounting tents, on the NIF ignition capsule and the effect of hemi-joints on high gain double shell capsules are an important issue in achieving ignition on NIF. Our codes have difficulty modeling small features and their effect on mix. Because of issues of symmetry, shock timing, high-z shells, mix etc. trying to understand the effect of localized perturbations ("defect") on these high gain NIF capsules will be difficult. To begin the study of defects on DT burn, a direct-drive exploding pusher is used. Experimental results are presented for capsules with and without defects. The unperturbed capsules give reproducible yields while the perturbed capsules show significant drops in yield. Both AMR and Lasnex codes over predict the unperturbed capsule yield C1 [Magelssen, G. R.; Cobble, J. A.; Tregillis, I. L.; Schmitt, M. J.; Batha, S. H.; Bradley, P. A.; Obrey, K. A. Defriend] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Magelssen, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022006 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000016 ER PT S AU Masters, ND Kaiser, TB Anderson, RW Eder, DC Fisher, AC Koniges, AE AF Masters, N. D. Kaiser, T. B. Anderson, R. W. Eder, D. C. Fisher, A. C. Koniges, A. E. GP IFSA TI Laser Ray Tracing in a Parallel Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Adaptive Mesh Refinement Hydrocode SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB ALE-AMR is a new hydrocode that we are developing as a predictive modeling tool for debris and shrapnel formation in high-energy laser experiments. In this paper we present our approach to implementing laser ray tracing in ALE-AMR. We present the basic concepts of laser ray tracing and our approach to efficiently traverse the adaptive mesh hierarchy. C1 [Masters, N. D.; Kaiser, T. B.; Anderson, R. W.; Eder, D. C.; Fisher, A. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Masters, ND (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM masters6@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032022 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000111 ER PT S AU Meier, WR Anklam, TM Erlandson, AC Miles, RR Simon, AJ Sawicki, R Storm, E AF Meier, W. R. Anklam, T. M. Erlandson, A. C. Miles, R. R. Simon, A. J. Sawicki, R. Storm, E. GP IFSA TI Integrated process modeling for the laser inertial fusion Energy (LIFE) generation system SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID ENGINE; DESIGN AB A concept for a new fusion-fission hybrid technology is being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The primary application of this technology is base-load electrical power generation. However, variants of the baseline technology can be used to "burn" spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors or to perform selective transmutation of problematic fission products. The use of a fusion driver allows very high burn-up of the fission fuel, limited only by the radiation resistance of the fuel form and system structures. As a part of this process, integrated process models have been developed to aid in concept definition. Several models have been developed. A cost scaling model allows quick assessment of design changes or technology improvements on cost of electricity. System design models are being used to better understand system interactions and to do design trade-off and optimization studies. Here we describe the different systems models and present systems analysis results. Different market entry strategies are discussed along with potential benefits to US energy security and nuclear waste disposal. Advanced technology options are evaluated and potential benefits from additional R&D targeted at the different options is quantified. C1 [Meier, W. R.; Anklam, T. M.; Erlandson, A. C.; Miles, R. R.; Simon, A. J.; Sawicki, R.; Storm, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032035 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032035 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000124 ER PT S AU Moses, EI AF Moses, Edward I. GP IFSA TI Ignition and Inertial Confinement Fusion at The National Ignition Facility SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest and most powerful laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and for studying high-energy-density (HED) science, is now operational at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NIF is now conducting experiments to commission the laser drive, the hohlraum and the capsule and to develop the infrastructure needed to begin the first ignition experiments in FY 2010. Demonstration of ignition and thermonuclear burn in the laboratory is a major NIF goal. NIF will achieve this by concentrating the energy from the 192 beams into a mm3-sized target and igniting a deuterium-tritium mix, liberating more energy than is required to initiate the fusion reaction. NIF's ignition program is a national effort managed via the National Ignition Campaign (NIC). The NIC has two major goals: execution of DT ignition experiments starting in FY2010 with the goal of demonstrating ignition and a reliable, repeatable ignition platform by the conclusion of the NIC at the end of FY2012. The NIC will also develop the infrastructure and the processes required to operate NIF as a national user facility. The achievement of ignition at NIF will demonstrate the scientific feasibility of ICF and focus worldwide attention on laser fusion as a viable energy option. A laser fusion-based energy concept that builds on NIF, known as LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy), is currently under development. LIFE is inherently safe and can provide a global carbon-free energy generation solution in the 21st century. This paper describes recent progress on NIF, NIC, and the LIFE concept. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/1/012006 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000006 ER PT S AU Nuckolls, JH AF Nuckolls, J. H. GP IFSA TI Grand Challenges of Inertial Fusion Energy SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID FAST IGNITION; LASER; FACILITY; TARGETS; POWER AB As soon as practical, Earth's low-cost, abundant, environmentally attractive fusion energy resources should be applied to the urgent global challenges of climate change, energy supply, economic growth, and the developing world. A National Ignition Campaign is under way at the recently completed National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to ignite high-gain inertial fusion targets in the 2010-2012 time frame. Achieving ignition on NIF could be the catalyst for national and global leaders to support the development of inertial fusion energy (IFE) to meet the future's worldwide electric power demand. With sustained, high-priority funding could practical IFE be possible by the 2020 timeframe? The answer lies in how well can the community address and solve technical challenges in four key areas: achieving ignition, producing advanced targets and drivers, creating a practical fusion engine, and developing economical fusion power plants. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nuckolls, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-001, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nuckolls2@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/1/012007 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000007 ER PT S AU Obrey, KAD Schmidt, D Patterson, BM Day, RD Valdez, AC Capelli, D Perea, R Randolph, RB Hatch, D Garcia, F Honnell, D AF Obrey, K. A. D. Schmidt, D. Patterson, B. M. Day, R. D. Valdez, A. C. Capelli, D. Perea, R. Randolph, R. B. Hatch, D. Garcia, F. Honnell, D. GP IFSA TI Improvements in ICF Target Fabrication through High Precision Assembly and Nondestructive Characterization SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Current ICF and HED targets are fielded on Omega, Z, and Trident; future campaigns will also be fielded on NIF. NIF will field less than 2 shots per day. With such few experiments, target fabrication and alignment accuracy, enhanced metrology and advanced component machining will be even more important. Future target designs are also becoming more complex and more stringent in terms of both manufacturing accuracy and precision. Several steps have been taken to improve the fabrication and characterization of targets, such as instituting an automated assembly station with 3 mu m tolerances, utilizing non-destructive characterization tools for rapid component metrology and target assembly, and advancing machining capabilities. Recapitalization of target fabrication infrastructure is continuous. C1 [Obrey, K. A. D.; Schmidt, D.; Patterson, B. M.; Day, R. D.; Valdez, A. C.; Capelli, D.; Perea, R.; Randolph, R. B.; Hatch, D.; Garcia, F.; Honnell, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Obrey, KAD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-7,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM defriend@lanl.gov OI Patterson, Brian/0000-0001-9244-7376 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032040 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032040 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000129 ER PT S AU Offermann, DT Flippo, KA Gaillard, SA Gautier, DC Letzring, S Cobble, JC Wurden, G Johson, RP Shimada, T Montogomery, DS Gonzales, RP Hurry, T Archuleta, F Schmitt, MJ Reid, SM Bartal, T Wei, MS Higginson, DP Beg, FN Geissel, M Schollmeier, M AF Offermann, D. T. Flippo, K. A. Gaillard, S. A. Gautier, D. C. Letzring, S. Cobble, J. C. Wurden, G. Johson, R. P. Shimada, T. Montogomery, D. S. Gonzales, R. P. Hurry, T. Archuleta, F. Schmitt, M. J. Reid, S-M. Bartal, T. Wei, M. S. Higginson, D. P. Beg, F. N. Geissel, M. Schollmeier, M. GP IFSA TI Carbon ion beam focusing using laser irradiated, heated diamond hemispherical shells SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID TARGETS AB Experiments preformed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Trident Laser Facility were conducted to observe the acceleration and focusing of carbon ions via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism using hemispherical diamond targets. Trident is a 200 T W class laser system with 80 J of 1 mu m, short-pulse light delivered in 0.5 ps, with a peak intensity of 2 x 10(20)W/cm(2). Targets where Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamonds formed into hemispheres with a radius of curvature of 400 mu m and a thickness of 5 mu m. The accelerated ions from a hemisphere were diagnosed by imaging the shadow of a witness copper mesh, located 2 : 4 m m behind the target, onto a film pack located 5 c m behind the target. Ray tracing was used to determine the location of the ion focal spot. The TNSA mechanism favorably accelerates hydrogen found on the targets. To make the carbon beam detectable, targets were first heated to several hundred degrees Celsius using a CW, 532 nm, 8 W laser. Imaging of the carbon beam was accomplished via an auto-radiograph of a nuclear activated lithium fluoride window in the first layer of the film pack. The focus of the carbon ion beam was determined to be located 630 +/- 110 mu m from the vertex of the hemisphere. LA-UR 09-06918 C1 [Offermann, D. T.; Flippo, K. A.; Gaillard, S. A.; Gautier, D. C.; Letzring, S.; Cobble, J. C.; Wurden, G.; Johson, R. P.; Shimada, T.; Montogomery, D. S.; Gonzales, R. P.; Hurry, T.; Archuleta, F.; Schmitt, M. J.; Reid, S-M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Offermann, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM offerman@lanl.gov RI Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; Higginson, Drew/G-5942-2016; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Higginson, Drew/0000-0002-7699-3788; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022053 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022053 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000063 ER PT S AU Olson, RE Suter, LJ Kline, JL Callahan, DA Rosen, MD Widmann, K Williams, EA Hinkel, DE Meezan, NB Rochau, GA Warrick, AL Langer, SH Thomas, C Dixit, SN Dewald, EL Schneider, MB Moody, JD Michel, P Wallace, RJ Landen, OL Edwards, J MacGowan, BJ Glenzer, SH AF Olson, R. E. Suter, L. J. Kline, J. L. Callahan, D. A. Rosen, M. D. Widmann, K. Williams, E. A. Hinkel, D. E. Meezan, N. B. Rochau, G. A. Warrick, A. L. Langer, S. H. Thomas, C. Dixit, S. N. Dewald, E. L. Schneider, M. B. Moody, J. D. Michel, P. Wallace, R. J. Landen, O. L. Edwards, J. MacGowan, B. J. Glenzer, S. H. GP IFSA TI Lasnex simulations of NIF vacuum hohlraum commissioning experiments SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; RAY AB Lasnex calculations and x-ray flux measurements are presented for a series of NIF vacuum hohlraum experiments that were among the first targets shot on NIF as part of the facility commissioning. An important result is that the hohlraum x-ray fluxes are significantly higher than predicted by pre-shot Lasnex calculations employing the baseline "configuration managed" physics packages used in the NIF ignition target calculations. A possible explanation for the high-flux vacuum hohlraum result has been explored via post-shot calculations in which non-baseline emissivity and heat conduction models are used. C1 [Olson, R. E.; Rochau, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Suter, L. J.; Callahan, D. A.; Rosen, M. D.; Widmann, K.; Williams, E. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Meezan, N. B.; Warrick, A. L.; Langer, S. H.; Thomas, C.; Dixit, S. N.; Dewald, E. L.; Schneider, M. B.; Moody, J. D.; Michel, P.; Wallace, R. J.; Landen, O. L.; Edwards, J.; MacGowan, B. J.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM reolson@sandia.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032057 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032057 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000146 ER PT S AU Pollaine, SM Remington, BA Park, HS Prisbrey, ST Cavallo, RM AF Pollaine, S. M. Remington, B. A. Park, H. S. Prisbrey, S. T. Cavallo, R. M. GP IFSA TI Designfor solid-state Rayleigh-Taylor experiments in tantalum at Omega SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID MODEL; INSTABILITY; FACILITY; METALS AB We have designed an experiment for the Omega - EP laser facility to measure the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) growth rate of solid-state Ta samples at similar to 1 Mbar pressures and very high strain rates, 10(7)-10(8) s(-1). A thin walled, hohlraum based, ramp-wave, quasi-isentropic drive has been developed for this experiment. Thick samples (similar to 50 um) of Ta, with a pre-imposed sinusoidal rippled on the driven side, will be accelerated. The ripple growth due to the RT instability is greatly reduced due to the dynamic material strength. We will show detailed designs, and a thorough error analysis used to optimize the experiment and minimize uncertainty. C1 [Pollaine, S. M.; Remington, B. A.; Park, H. S.; Prisbrey, S. T.; Cavallo, R. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pollaine, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pollaine@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 042016 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042016 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000166 ER PT S AU Rosen, MD Edwards, J Suter, LJ AF Rosen, M. D. Edwards, J. Suter, L. J. GP IFSA TI The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) "Blue Team / Red Team" Simulated Campaigns (Sim-Cams) SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The Point design Target of the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has specifications and tolerances that have been set using a multi variable sensitivity study (MVSS). The sub component interactions and sensitivities that feed the MVSS have been calculated using sophisticated target physics radiation hydrocodes. However, it is cannot be guaranteed that the point design configuration has been specified with enough precision for ignition to occur without first correcting for possible off-sets due to physics uncertainties in the data models used in these studies. For this reason the NIC includes a series of tuning experiments, which have been designed and sequenced to systematically remove potential off-sets in specified target and laser parameters as efficiently and effectively as possible. In order to test the tuning techniques and logic the NIC has been executing Simulated Campaigns (Sim-Cam's). In the Sim-Cam's are a Blue Team and a Red Team. The Blue Team conducts the experiments, making shot-to-shot decisions on how to adjust the laser pulse or target parameters, based on "experimental" data provided by the Red Team who simulate the laser, target and diagnostics performance. To capture a plausible off-set between nature and models the Red Team construct a new virtual reality by adjusting the physics data and models, keeping the changes within their best estimate of uncertainties. The Red Team also include much of the shot-to-shot variability due to small laser and target variations that can be expected in NIF experiments, as well as diagnostic noise. The details of all of this are kept hidden from the Blue Team. The Sim-Cam's also serve to test and improve the infrastructure and processes for executing the NIF experiments. The role of the Simulated Campaigns in preparing for the NIC experimental plan will be described, and some of the results discussed. C1 [Rosen, M. D.; Edwards, J.; Suter, L. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rosen, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rosen2@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022012 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000022 ER PT S AU Schmitt, MJ Wilson, DC Hoffman, NM Langenbrunner, JR Herrmann, HW Kim, YH Young, CS Evans, SC Cerjan, CJ Stoeffl, W Munro, DH Dauffy, LS Miller, KM Horsfield, CJ Rubery, MS AF Schmitt, M. J. Wilson, D. C. Hoffman, N. M. Langenbrunner, J. R. Herrmann, H. W. Kim, Y. H. Young, C. S. Evans, S. C. Cerjan, C. J. Stoeffl, Wolfgang Munro, D. H. Dauffy, L. S. Miller, K. M. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. S. GP IFSA TI A Reduced Model for the ICF Gamma-Ray Reaction History Diagnostic SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB An analytic model for the gamma reaction history (GRH) diagnostic to be fielded on the National Ignition Facility is described. The application of the GRH diagnostic for the measurement of capsule rho-R during burn using 4.4 MeV carbon gamma rays is demonstrated by simulation. C1 [Schmitt, M. J.; Wilson, D. C.; Hoffman, N. M.; Langenbrunner, J. R.; Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. H.; Young, C. S.; Evans, S. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmitt, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mjs@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032058 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000147 ER PT S AU Shay, HD Clark, DS Amendt, PA Tabak, M Key, MH Marinak, MM Patel, MV AF Shay, Henry D. Clark, Daniel S. Amendt, Peter A. Tabak, Max Key, Michael H. Marinak, Michael M. Patel, Mehul V. GP IFSA TI Design Considerations for a Cone in a Fast Ignition Capsule SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB An alternative to inertial fusion with central ignition is "fast ignition", in which one laser compresses the DT fuel adiabatically and a second laser with a short, very intense pulse heats the compressed core with supper-thermal electrons(1). One approach to fast ignition entails the introduction of the second laser beam via a hollow cone that pierces the side of the capsule. Critical considerations of the design of the cone in such an experiment include: Perturbation of the implosion by the cone Minimization of the column density of material between the critical density surface for the ignitor beam and the converged high density region Positioning, alignment, and shape of the cone to minimize deleterious hydrodynamic effects Effect of radiation gradients around the cone on the symmetry of the implosion. This study entails the 2D and 3D simulations of a fast-ignitor experiment having a cryogenic deuterium-tritium capsule imploded within a high-Z hohlraum heated by abotu 650kJ of 3 omega laser beams on the NIF. C1 [Shay, Henry D.; Clark, Daniel S.; Amendt, Peter A.; Tabak, Max; Key, Michael H.; Marinak, Michael M.; Patel, Mehul V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shay, HD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hdshay@llnl.gov OI Patel, Mehul/0000-0002-0486-010X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022061 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022061 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000071 ER PT S AU Sitaraman, S Dauffy, L Khater, H Brereton, S AF Sitaraman, S. Dauffy, L. Khater, H. Brereton, S. GP IFSA TI Neutron Activation of NIF Final Optics Assemblies SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Analyses were performed to characterize the radiation field in the vicinity of the Final Optics Assemblies (FOAs) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) due to neutron activation following Deuterium-Deuterium (DD), Tritium-Hydrogen-Deuterium (THD), and Deuterium-Tritium (DT) shots associated with different phases of the NIF operations. The activation of the structural components of the FOAs produces one of the larger sources of gamma radiation and is a key factor in determining the stay out time between shots to ensure worker protection. This study provides estimates of effective dose rates in the vicinity of a single FOA and concludes that the DD and THD targets produce acceptable dose rates within10 minutes following a shot while about 6-days of stay out time is suggested following DT shots. Studies are ongoing to determine the combined effects of multiple FOAs and other components present in the Target Bay on stay-out time and worker dose. C1 [Sitaraman, S.; Dauffy, L.; Khater, H.; Brereton, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sitaraman, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sitaraman1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 032025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032025 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000114 ER PT S AU Spears, BK Brandon, S Clark, D Cerjan, C Edwards, J Landen, O Lindl, J Haan, S Hatchett, S Salmonson, J Springer, P Weber, SV Wilson, D AF Spears, B. K. Brandon, S. Clark, D. Cerjan, C. Edwards, J. Landen, O. Lindl, J. Haan, S. Hatchett, S. Salmonson, J. Springer, P. Weber, S. V. Wilson, D. GP IFSA TI PREDICTION OF IGNITION IMPLOSION PERFORMANCE USING MEASUREMENTS OF LOW-DEUTERIUM SURROGATES SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) will use non-igniting "THD" capsules with cryogenic ice layers to study and optimize the hydrodynamic assembly of the fuel without burn. These capsules are characterized by the ratios of T:H:D. The species ratios are set with two goals in mind: (1) control T:D in order to adjust the nuclear energy production and (2) preserve the average atomic number of the fuel at 2.5 to maintain hydrodynamic similarity with the DT ignition capsule. We have developed an experimentally observable ignition threshold factor (ITFX) that uses measurements from THD experiments to predict the performance of DT ignition implosions. It was developed and tested on multiple large databases of 2D radhydro simulations. Each of the thousands of simulations includes twin DT and THD simulations with a variety of physical failure mechanisms-drive asymmetry, capsule roughness, continuum mixing, fabrication errors, among others. The results of our numerical database and the ITFX metric have allowed us to develop an experimental estimate of the probability of DT ignition based on THD experiments. The analysis accounts for both diagnostic precision and the effects of a finite number of shots. The NIC expects to field a combination of diagnostics and experimental attempts that result in a 15 to 20 percent uncertainty in the experimentally inferred probability of ignition. This work was completed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. C1 [Spears, B. K.; Brandon, S.; Clark, D.; Cerjan, C.; Edwards, J.; Landen, O.; Lindl, J.; Haan, S.; Hatchett, S.; Salmonson, J.; Springer, P.; Weber, S. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94568 USA. RP Spears, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-477,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94568 USA. EM spears9@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022014 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000024 ER PT S AU Still, CH Hinkel, DE Langdon, AB Palastro, JP Williams, EA AF Still, C. H. Hinkel, D. E. Langdon, A. B. Palastro, J. P. Williams, E. A. GP IFSA TI Simulating NIF laser-plasma interaction with multiple SRS frequencies SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID BEAMS AB Understanding the energetics of a NIF ignition hohlraum is important to achieving ignition. Laser-plasma interactions (LPI) can reduce the radiation drive if backscatter occurs, and can also affect the hohlraum energetics by modifying the laser beam energy deposition which in turn can alter the implosion symmetry. The addition of a second SRS frequency to the modeling code pF3d can capture physics which would otherwise have been omitted. In the case of a wide or bi-modal SRS spectrum, this physics can be important. We discuss the modifications to the pF3d computational model, and exhibit its effect in a NIF ignition-relevant LPI simulation. C1 [Still, C. H.; Hinkel, D. E.; Langdon, A. B.; Palastro, J. P.; Williams, E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Still, CH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-472, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bertstill@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022025 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000035 ER PT S AU Strozzi, DJ Grote, DP Tabak, M Cohen, BI Town, RPJ Kemp, AJ AF Strozzi, D. J. Grote, D. P. Tabak, M. Cohen, B. I. Town, R. P. J. Kemp, A. J. GP IFSA TI Fast ignition transport simulations for NIF SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID PLASMA SIMULATION AB This paper shows work at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) devoted to modeling the propagation of, and heating by, a relativistic electron beam in a idealized dense fuel assembly for fast ignition [1]. The implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) code LSP is used. Experiments planned on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the next few years using the Advanced Radiography Capability (ARC) short-pulse laser motivate this work. We demonstrate significant improvement in the heating of dense fuel due to magnetic forces, increased beam collimation, and insertion of a finite-radius carbon region between the beam excitation and fuel regions. C1 [Strozzi, D. J.; Grote, D. P.; Tabak, M.; Cohen, B. I.; Town, R. P. J.; Kemp, A. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Strozzi, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM strozzi2@llnl.gov OI Strozzi, David/0000-0001-8814-3791 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022065 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022065 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000075 ER PT S AU Tabak, M Clark, D Town, RPJ Key, MH Amendt, P Ho, D Meeker, DJ Shay, HD Lasinski, BF Kemp, A Divol, L Mackinnon, AJ Patel, P Strozzi, D Grote, DP AF Tabak, M. Clark, D. Town, R. P. J. Key, M. H. Amendt, P. Ho, D. Meeker, D. J. Shay, H. D. Lasinski, B. F. Kemp, A. Divol, L. Mackinnon, A. J. Patel, P. Strozzi, D. Grote, D. P. GP IFSA TI Features of a point design for Fast Ignition SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Fast Ignition is an inertial fusion scheme in which fuel is first assembled and then heated to the ignition temperature with an external heating source. In this note we consider cone and shell implosions where the energy supplied by short pulse lasers is transported to the fuel by electrons. We describe possible failure modes for this scheme and how to overcome them. In particular, we describe two sources of cone tip failure, an axis jet driven from the compressed fuel mass and hard photon preheat leaking through the implosion shell, and laser prepulse that can change the position of laser absorption and the angular distribution of the emitted electrons. C1 [Tabak, M.; Clark, D.; Town, R. P. J.; Key, M. H.; Amendt, P.; Ho, D.; Meeker, D. J.; Shay, H. D.; Lasinski, B. F.; Kemp, A.; Divol, L.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Patel, P.; Strozzi, D.; Grote, D. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tabak, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tabak1@lln.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Strozzi, David/0000-0001-8814-3791 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022066 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022066 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000076 ER PT S AU Wilson, DC Spears, BK Hatchett, SP Cerjan, CJ Springer, PT Clark, DS Edwards, MJ Salmonson, JD Weber, SV Hammel, BA Grim, GP Herrmann, HW Wilke, MD AF Wilson, D. C. Spears, B. K. Hatchett, S. P., II Cerjan, C. J. Springer, P. T. Clark, D. S. Edwards, M. J. Salmonson, J. D. Weber, S. V. Hammel, B. A. Grim, G. P. Herrmann, H. W. Wilke, M. D. GP IFSA TI The Use of Tritium Rich Capsules with 25-35% Deuterium to Achieve Ignition at the National Ignition Facility SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, PARTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Diagnostics such as neutron yield, ion temperature, image size and shape, and bang time in capsules with >similar to 25 % deuterium fuel show changes due to burn product heating. The comparison of performance between a THD(2%) and THD(35%) can help predict ignition in a TD(50%) capsule. Surrogacy of THD capsules to TD(50%) is incomplete due to variations in fuel molecular vapour pressures. TD(25-35%) capsules might be preferred to study hot spot heating, but at the risk of increased fuel/ablator mixing. C1 [Wilson, D. C.; Grim, G. P.; Herrmann, H. W.; Wilke, M. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcw@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 244 AR 022015 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022015 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BSQ92 UT WOS:000285508000025 ER PT S AU Ritchie, RO AF Ritchie, Robert O. BE Zaidi, M TI How does human bone resist fracture? SO SKELETAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT New York Skeletal Biology and Medicine Conference CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2009 CL Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY HO Mt Sinai Sch Med DE cortical bone; hierarchical structure; fracture; strength; toughness ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; TOUGHNESS; MECHANISMS; CRITERIA; CRACKS; AGE AB The fracture of bone is clearly a major health concern, especially for the elderly. Medical therapies to reduce the possibility of bone fracture to date have principally centered on treating the loss in bone mass (bone mineral density) that accompanies aging (i.e., addressing the loss in bone quantity). However, it is now known that there is an additional, perhaps more significant, effect of the degradation in the inherent properties of bone (i.e., a loss in bone quality) with age. To address this issue, we review here the structure and properties of bone, focusing on its strength and fracture resistance from the perspective of the multidimensional hierarchical nature of its structure. We show that bone derives its resistance to fracture from a multitude of deformation and toughening mechanisms at many of these size-scales, ranging from the nanoscale structure of its protein molecules to its macroscopic physiological state. C1 [Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-785-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1192 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05232.x PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BOV34 UT WOS:000277762400011 PM 20392220 ER PT J AU Xu, T Shu, J AF Xu, Ting Shu, Jessica TI Coiled-coil helix bundle, a peptide tertiary structural motif toward hybrid functional materials SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO DESIGN; OPTICAL BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS; AMPHIPHILIC PROTEIN MAQUETTES; ION-CHANNEL PROTEINS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; 4-HELIX BUNDLE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); EXTENDED CHROMOPHORES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS AB Some of the recent progress in generating hierarchically structured hybrid materials using peptide-polymer conjugates is presented. In particular, we review some of the developments in de novo designed coiled-coil helix bundles and their synthetic polymer conjugates from a materials point of view. As one of the most important motifs underlying many of the functionalities found in natural proteins, coiled-coil helix bundles present unique opportunities to generate functional materials with structures and functionalities similar to those seen in nature. As we utilize peptide tertiary structures stabilized by non-covalent interactions, the principles governing the assembly process at multiple length scales become more complicated. Some challenges, as well as the critical areas that require further study for the advancement of this burgeoning field, are discussed. Further investigation will not only improve our fundamental understanding of multi-length scale assembly in multi-component systems, but may also lead to very unique functional biomolecular materials. C1 [Xu, Ting; Shu, Jessica] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tingxu@berkeley.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC0205-CH11231] FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy through the Hybrid Biomaterials Scattering Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC0205-CH11231. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1039/b914565f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 543KT UT WOS:000273576800001 ER PT J AU Fukuto, M Wang, ST Lohr, MA Kewalramani, S Yang, L AF Fukuto, Masafumi Wang, Suntao Lohr, Matthew A. Kewalramani, Sumit Yang, Lin TI Effects of surface ligand density on lipid-monolayer-mediated 2D assembly of proteins SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL STREPTAVIDIN CRYSTALS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; BREWSTER-ANGLE MICROSCOPY; BIOTIN BINDING; X-RAY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTALLIZATION; LAYERS; DIFFRACTION AB The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of the protein streptavidin on a biotin-bearing lipid monolayer was studied as a function of the surface density of biotin, a protein-binding ligand, by means of in situ X-ray scattering and optical Brewster angle microscopy measurements at the liquid-vapor interface. Although this model system has been studied extensively, the relationship between the surface biotin density and the adsorption, 2D phase behavior, and binding state of streptavidin has yet to be determined quantitatively. The observed equilibrium phase behavior provides direct structural evidence that the 2D crystallization of the lipid-bound streptavidin occurs as a density-driven first-order phase transition. The minimum biotin density required for the 2D crystallization of streptavidin is found to be remarkably close to the density of the ligand-binding sites in the protein crystal. Moreover, both above and below this transition, the observed biotin-density dependence of protein adsorption is well described by the binding of biotin-bearing lipids at both of the two available sites per streptavidin molecule. These results imply that even in the low-density noncrystalline phase, the bound proteins share a common, fixed orientation relative to the surface normal, and that the 2D crystallization occurs when the lateral protein density reaches 50-70% of the 2D crystal density. This study demonstrates that in addition to a well-defined molecular orientation, high lateral packing density is essential to the 2D crystallization of proteins. C1 [Fukuto, Masafumi; Lohr, Matthew A.; Kewalramani, Sumit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Suntao; Yang, Lin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukuto, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fukuto@bnl.gov; lyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank B. M. Ocko, M. Deutsch, and J. K. Blasie for helpful comments. This work, including use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1513 EP 1519 DI 10.1039/b917139h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 573XD UT WOS:000275947800020 ER PT J AU Tseng, TC McGarrity, ES Kiel, JW Duxbury, PM Mackay, ME Frischknecht, AL Asokan, S Wong, MS AF Tseng, Tzu-Chia McGarrity, Erin S. Kiel, Jonathan W. Duxbury, Phillip M. Mackay, Michael E. Frischknecht, Amalie L. Asokan, Subashini Wong, Michael S. TI Three-dimensional liquid surfaces through nanoparticle self-assembly SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-FILMS; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; POLYSTYRENE; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS AB Nanoparticles blended into thin polymer films are driven to assemble at interfaces by both entropic and enthalpic forces. When nanoparticles assemble at a substrate-polymer film interface, these forces are so large that they enable the film to follow surface protrusions and form a three-dimensional surface, instead of dewetting from the substrate. In other words, disassembling the nanoparticle layer requires more energy than that gained by the film dewetting from the rough surface. Here we studied blends of linear polystyrene and CdSe nanoparticles spin coated onto silicon substrates containing sparsely distributed SiO(2) particles (ca. 120 nm diameter). The films were then thermally annealed for periods of up to 24 h, well above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The profiles of different film thicknesses (40-180 nm) were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after being annealed and were found to become much smoother, yet remain three-dimensional after annealing with a profile that gradually decayed away from the SiO(2) particles. Calculations based on a continuum theory using a balance of assembly, dispersion and surface tension forces were performed and found to be in agreement with the AFM profile data demonstrating the strength of the assembly forces. C1 [Tseng, Tzu-Chia; Kiel, Jonathan W.; Mackay, Michael E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Tseng, Tzu-Chia; McGarrity, Erin S.; Kiel, Jonathan W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Duxbury, Phillip M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Frischknecht, Amalie L.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Asokan, Subashini; Wong, Michael S.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Mackay, ME (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Wong, Michael/F-9286-2010; Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Wong, Michael/0000-0002-3652-3378; Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was partially supported by US Department of Energy for funding this research Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER46211. This work was performed, in part, at the US Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and Sandia National Laboratories Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1533 EP 1538 DI 10.1039/b918429e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 573XD UT WOS:000275947800023 ER PT J AU Docherty, H Cummings, PT AF Docherty, Hugh Cummings, Peter T. TI Direct evidence for fluid-solid transition of nanoconfined fluids SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULARLY THIN-FILMS; MICA SURFACES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; CONFINED LIQUIDS; FORCE-FIELD; DYNAMICS; SHEAR; BEHAVIOR; LAYERS AB Atomistically detailed simulations provide direct and reliable evidence that sufficiently nanoconfined fluids undergo a rapid and abrupt first-order transition to an ordered solid-like structure. C1 [Docherty, Hugh; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanomat Theory Inst, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Docherty, H (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM hugh.docherty@vanderbilt.edu; peter.cummings@vanderbilt.edu RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0626259]; Office of Science of the U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation through grant CHE-0626259. In addition, this research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1640 EP 1643 DI 10.1039/c000821d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 580SG UT WOS:000276469300006 ER PT J AU Chu, XQ Lagi, M Mamontov, E Fratini, E Baglioni, P Chen, SH AF Chu, Xiang-qiang Lagi, Marco Mamontov, Eugene Fratini, Emiliano Baglioni, Piero Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Experimental evidence of logarithmic relaxation in single-particle dynamics of hydrated protein molecules SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITION; MYOGLOBIN; SOLVENT; MOTIONS; GLASSES; LIQUIDS; SOFT AB We observe a logarithmic-like decay of the intermediate scattering function (ISF) of the hydrogen atoms in the protein molecule in the time interval from 10 ps to 1 ns. We analyze the ISF, F(H)(Q,t), in terms of an asymptotic expression proposed by mode coupling theory (MCT). The result clearly shows that this logarithmic stretching of the beta-relaxation range is real, substantiating the prediction of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results that used the formula proposed by MCT for the analysis of ISF. C1 [Chu, Xiang-qiang; Lagi, Marco; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lagi, Marco; Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem & CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Mamontov, Eugene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Chu, Xiangqiang/A-1572-2011; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316 FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0086210]; CSGI; MIUR; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grants No. DE-FG02-90ER45429. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0086210. We appreciate technical supports during experiments from M. Tyagi, and A. Faraone of NIST Center for Neutron Research. EF and PB acknowledge financial support from CSGI and MIUR. The neutron scattering experiment at OakRidge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2627 DI 10.1039/c002602f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 608MH UT WOS:000278587900007 ER PT J AU Kendall, EL Mills, E Liu, JW Jiang, XM Brinker, CJ Parikh, AN AF Kendall, Eric L. Mills, Emily Liu, Juewen Jiang, Xingmao Brinker, C. Jeffrey Parikh, Atul N. TI Salt-induced lipid transfer between colloidal supported lipid bilayers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLE AGGREGATION; MEMBRANE-FUSION; CELL-ADHESION; MONO-VALENT; FORCES; MECHANISM; RELEASE; CALCIUM; SINGLE; ATTRACTION AB We show that a coordinated interplay between mesoscale colloidal interactions and molecular-scale membrane perturbations affords a novel material platform to controllably recapitulate membrane interactions, such as during fusion and vesicle-based drug delivery. Specifically, a simple modulation of ionic strength is used to alter electrostatically determined colloidal interactions, producing conditions for pre-fusion contact between two independent colloidal and/or planar supported lipid bilayers. The same process also perturbs the membrane at the molecular level, reproducing conditions needed for subsequent fusion steps. We envisage that this platform will yield insights relevant to optimal design and implementation of lipid-coated inorganic constructs used for therapeutic drug delivery and sensing. C1 [Kendall, Eric L.; Mills, Emily; Parikh, Atul N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kendall, Eric L.; Mills, Emily; Parikh, Atul N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, Juewen] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Jiang, Xingmao; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Parikh, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anparikh@ucdavis.edu RI jiang, xingmao /H-3554-2013; Liu, Juewen/A-2701-2014; PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 FU NIH, Nanomedicine Development Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, the Division of Materials Science Engineering [DE FG02-04ER46173]; [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B] FX This work was supported in part by NIH road map initiative through the Nanomedicine Development Center, (National Center for the Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors, PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B) for the protocell development and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science through a grant from the Division of Materials Science & Engineering (DE FG02-04ER46173, Biomolecular Materials Program) for the studies of dynamics during membrane interactions. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2628 EP 2632 DI 10.1039/c001586e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 608MH UT WOS:000278587900008 ER PT J AU Linton, D Driva, P Sumpter, B Ivanov, I Geohegan, D Feigerle, C Dadmun, MD AF Linton, Dias Driva, Paraskevi Sumpter, Bobby Ivanov, Ilia Geohegan, David Feigerle, Charles Dadmun, Mark D. TI The importance of chain connectivity in the formation of non-covalent interactions between polymers and single-walled carbon nanotubes and its impact on dispersion SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-GROUP ACCESSIBILITY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; P-SUBSTITUTED STYRENES; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; VINYL POLYMERIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; LOAD-TRANSFER AB In this study we investigate the formation of non-covalent electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions between polymers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with the goal of optimizing interfacial adhesion and homogeneity of nanocomposites without modifying the SWNT native surface. Nanocomposites of SWNTs and three sets of polymer matrices with varying composition of electron donating 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) or electron accepting acrylonitrile (AN) and cyanostyrene (CNSt) were prepared, quantitatively characterized by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (Raman mapping, Raman D* peak shifts) and qualitatively compared through thick film composite visualization. The experimental data show that copolymers with 30 mol% DMAEMA, 45 mol% AN, 23 mol% CNSt and polyacrylonitrile homopolymer have the highest extent of intermolecular interaction, which translates to an optimum SWNT spatial dispersion among the series. These results are found to correlate very well with the intermolecular interaction energies obtained from quantum density functional theory calculations. Both experimental and computational results also illustrate that chain connectivity is critical in controlling the accessibility of the functional groups to form intermolecular interactions. This means that an adequate distance between interacting functional groups on a polymer chain is needed in order to allow efficient intermolecular contact. Thus, controlling the amount of electron donating or withdrawing moieties throughout the polymer chain will direct the extent of EDA interaction, which enables tuning the SWNT dispersion. C1 [Linton, Dias; Feigerle, Charles; Dadmun, Mark D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Driva, Paraskevi; Dadmun, Mark D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sumpter, Bobby] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sumpter, Bobby] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sumpter, Bobby; Ivanov, Ilia; Geohegan, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at the Oak Ridge National; National Science Foundation [DMR-0706323] FX This research is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (PD, MDD, BS) and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (II, DG) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Support from the National Science Foundation (DL) through grant DMR-0706323 is also acknowledged. NR 63 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2801 EP 2814 DI 10.1039/b921170e PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 608MH UT WOS:000278587900028 ER PT J AU Khripin, CY Brinker, CJ Kaehr, B AF Khripin, Constantine Y. Brinker, C. Jeffrey Kaehr, Bryan TI Mechanically tunable multiphoton fabricated protein hydrogels investigated using atomic force microscopy SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; THERMAL-STABILITY; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; PLASMA ALBUMIN; STIFFNESS; PH; PHENOTYPE; AVIDIN; CELLS AB Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of employing three dimensional (3D) protein hydrogels, fabricated using multiphoton-induced photochemistry, as chemically responsive microactuators in "lab on a chip" devices. In addition, these materials show great promise as cell capture/incubation devices, allowing single bacterial cells to reproduce into multicellular constructs with "user-defined" 3D geometries. However, to date, the mechanical properties of these materials, critical for these applications, have not been quantitatively characterized. In this work, we develop and apply a method to measure the elastic modulus of microfabricated protein hydrogels in situ under dynamic physical and chemical environments. We fabricated protein microcantilevers using a wide range of protein building blocks (albumin, lysozyme, avidin) and probed their mechanical properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The length dependence of the spring constant displayed by protein cantilevers followed the predicted cantilever model, yielding the elastic modulus of the material. By varying laser dwell time, the modulus of protein cantilevers could be tuned over 2 orders of magnitude (from 0.03 to 3 MPa for albumin), a range that encompasses modulus values for a number of biological tissues (e. g., cartilage, basement membrane). Further, the modulus was shown to vary strongly over a range of pH values (pH 2-12). Distinct profiles of pH vs. modulus for albumin, lysozyme and avidin cantilevers were observed, which correlate to structural transitions of the incorporated protein. Modification of protein cantilevers via ligand binding (biotin to avidin), increased cantilever stiffness. Finally, using the modulus of a hydrogel microchamber calculated in situ, we determined the pressure generated by a replicating bacterial colony entrapped in the microchamber to be 2.7 +/- 1.3 kPa. This work demonstrates an ability to quantify mechanical properties under both chemically and biologically dynamic microenvironments and will enable the development of a robust platform to investigate cell/microenvironmental interactions with high spatial resolution, in three dimensions, using mechanically tunable biological materials. C1 [Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Kaehr, Bryan] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kaehr, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM bjkaehr@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-07-1-0054]; National Security Science and Engineering; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA 9550-07-1-0054 for support of this work. BK gratefully acknowledges the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program for support. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 2842 EP 2848 DI 10.1039/c001193b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 608MH UT WOS:000278587900032 ER PT J AU Hwang, DS Zeng, HB Srivastava, A Krogstad, DV Tirrell, M Israelachvili, JN Waite, JH AF Hwang, Dong Soo Zeng, Hongbo Srivastava, Aasheesh Krogstad, Daniel V. Tirrell, Matthew Israelachvili, Jacob N. Waite, J. Herbert TI Viscosity and interfacial properties in a mussel-inspired adhesive coacervate SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHRAGMATOPOMA-CALIFORNICA; COMPLEX COACERVATION; THIN-FILM; PROTEINS; SURFACES; CEMENT AB The chemistry of mussel adhesion has commanded the focus of much recent research activity on wet adhesion. By comparison, the equally critical adhesive processing by marine organisms has been little examined. Using a mussel-inspired coacervate formed by mixing a recombinant mussel adhesive protein (fp-151-RGD) with hyaluronic acid ( HA), we have examined the nanostructure, viscosity, friction, and interfacial energy of fluid-fluid phase-separated coacervates using the surface forces apparatus and microscopic techniques. At mixing ratios of fp-151-RGD: HA resulting in marginal coacervation, the coacervates showed shear-thickening viscosity and no structure by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). However, at the mixing ratio producing maximum coacervation, the coacervate showed shear-thinning viscosity and a transition to a bicontinuous phase by cryo-TEM. The shear-thinning viscosity, high friction coefficient (> 1.2), and low interfacial energy (<1 mJ m(-2)) observed at the optimal mixing ratio for coacervation are promising delivery, spreading and adhesion properties for future wet adhesive and coating technologies. C1 [Hwang, Dong Soo; Srivastava, Aasheesh; Krogstad, Daniel V.; Tirrell, Matthew; Israelachvili, Jacob N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zeng, Hongbo; Tirrell, Matthew; Israelachvili, Jacob N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zeng, Hongbo] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waite, J. Herbert] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hwang, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dshwang@mrl.ucsb.edu; hongbo.zeng@ualberta.ca RI Hwang, Dong Soo/C-7291-2011; OI Hwang, Dong Soo/0000-0002-2487-2255; Zeng, Hongbo/0000-0002-1432-5979 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-07-10521, DMR05-20415]; National Institutes of Health [R01-DE018468]; Santa Barbara Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants DMR-07-10521 (Materials World Network) and DMR05-20415 (MRSEC Program), the National Institutes of Health under Grant R01-DE018468, and an Otis Williams fellowship (DSH) in Bioengineering from the Santa Barbara Foundation. We thank Prof. H. J. Cha (POSTECH) and Kollodis Biosciences for providing recombinant mussel adhesive protein samples. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 68 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 14 BP 3232 EP 3236 DI 10.1039/c002632h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 621HO UT WOS:000279566800017 PM 21544267 ER PT J AU Hendricks, TR Wang, W Lee, I AF Hendricks, Troy R. Wang, Wei Lee, Ilsoon TI Buckling in nanomechanical films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELASTOMERIC POLYMER; WRINKLING PATTERNS; STRESS; INSTABILITY; RELAXATION; SURFACES; SKIN AB Wrinkling is a common everyday occurrence. Over the last decade wrinkling in thin films has become an interesting topic. Nearly all studies to date have focused on the underlying physics or how the wrinkles can be used for a specific application. With more and more devices being created from stacked materials, a need for ways to prevent buckling has arisen. In this article we highlight the prevention of wrinkling in nanoscale thin films. C1 [Wang, Wei; Lee, Ilsoon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hendricks, Troy R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, I (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM leeil@egr.msu.edu RI Lee, Ilsoon/E-7527-2011 FU National Science Foundation [0609164, 0832730, 0928835] FX This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (0609164, 0832730, and 0928835). The contribution of T. H. to this submission was written by the author acting in his own independent capacity and not on behalf of UT-Battelle, LLC, or its affiliates or successors. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 16 BP 3701 EP 3706 DI 10.1039/b925943k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 635KW UT WOS:000280655100001 ER PT J AU Tortora, L Park, HS Kang, SW Savaryn, V Hong, SH Kaznatcheev, K Finotello, D Sprunt, S Kumar, S Lavrentovich, OD AF Tortora, Luana Park, Heung-Shik Kang, Shin-Woong Savaryn, Victoria Hong, Seung-Ho Kaznatcheev, Konstantine Finotello, Daniele Sprunt, Samuel Kumar, Satyendra Lavrentovich, Oleg D. TI Self-assembly, condensation, and order in aqueous lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals crowded with additives SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DISODIUM-CROMOGLYCATE; WATER MESOPHASES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DNA; BEHAVIOR; CROMOLYN; PHASES; STATE; BIREFRINGENCE; HELICES AB Dense multicomponent systems with macromolecules and small solutes attract a broad research interest as they mimic the molecularly crowded cellular interiors. The additives can condense and align the macromolecules, but they do not change the degree of covalent polymerization. We chose a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal with reversibly and non-covalently assembled aggregates as a much softer system, reminiscent of "living polymers", to demonstrate that small neutral and charged additives cause condensation of aggregates with ensuing orientational and positional ordering and nontrivial morphologies of phase separation, such as tactoids and toroids of the nematic and hexagonal columnar phase coexisting with the isotropic melt. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis as well as fluorescent microscopy demonstrates segregation of the components. The observations suggest that self-assembly of chromonic aggregates in the presence of additives is controlled by both entropy effects and by specific molecular interactions and provide a new route to the regulated reversible assembly of soft materials formed by low-molecular weight components. C1 [Tortora, Luana; Park, Heung-Shik; Savaryn, Victoria; Finotello, Daniele; Sprunt, Samuel; Kumar, Satyendra; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Park, Heung-Shik; Savaryn, Victoria; Kumar, Satyendra; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Hong, Seung-Ho; Finotello, Daniele; Sprunt, Samuel; Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kang, Shin-Woong] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept BIN Fus Technol, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. [Kaznatcheev, Konstantine] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLSII Project, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Finotello, Daniele] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Lavrentovich, OD (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM olavrent@kent.edu RI Savaryn, Viktoriya/P-2945-2016; Lavrentovich, Oleg/B-4996-2011; Kang, Shin-Woong/K-1827-2015 OI Kang, Shin-Woong/0000-0002-1789-9214 FU NSF [DMR 0906751, 086991, 0710544, 0706290, 0606160]; Ohio Board of Regents CMPND; ORS; W. M. Keck Foundation; MURI AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0337]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38]; US DOE, BES, Office of Science, through the Ames Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-82]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CHI0886]; NSERC; CIHR; NRC; University of Saskatchewan FX We thank A. Golovin, V. Nazarenko and O. Pishnyak for fruitful discussions. We acknowledge the role of Chithra Karunakaran and Martin Obst (CLS) for their excellence in maintaining the STXM instrument. The work was supported by NSF grants DMR 0906751, 086991, 0710544, 0706290 and 0606160, Ohio Board of Regents CMPND and ORS grants, W. M. Keck Foundation grant, MURI AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0337. Use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. The Midwestern Universities Collaborative Access Team's (MUCAT) sector at the APS is supported by the US DOE, BES, Office of Science, through the Ames Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-82. The beam line X6B at NSLS is supported by the DOE under contract DE-AC02-98CHI0886. The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is supported by NSERC, CIHR, NRC and the University of Saskatchewan. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 17 BP 4157 EP 4167 DI 10.1039/c0sm00065e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 641FK UT WOS:000281110000017 ER PT J AU Bastea, S AF Bastea, Sorin TI Diffusion and conduction in a salt-free colloidal suspension via molecular dynamics simulations SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THICK DOUBLE-LAYERS; CHARGED COLLOIDS; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; SEPARATION; POLYELECTROLYTES; RENORMALIZATION; ELECTROLYTES AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to determine the diffusion coefficients, electrophoretic mobilities and electrical conductivity of a charged colloidal suspension in the salt-free regime as a function of the colloid charge. The behavior of the colloidal particles' diffusion constant can be well understood in terms of two coupled effects: counterion 'condensation' and slowdown due to the relaxation effect. We find that the conductivity exhibits a maximum which approximately separates the regimes of counterion-dominated and colloid-dominated conduction. We analyze the electrophoretic mobilities and the conductivity in terms of commonly employed assumptions about the role of "free" and "condensed" counterions, and discuss different interpretations of this approach. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bastea, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sbastea@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 17 BP 4223 EP 4228 DI 10.1039/c0sm00198h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 641FK UT WOS:000281110000024 ER PT J AU Krishnan, AS Seifert, S Lee, B Khan, SA Spontak, RJ AF Krishnan, Arjun S. Seifert, Soenke Lee, Byeongdu Khan, Saad A. Spontak, Richard J. TI Cosolvent-regulated time-composition rheological equivalence in block copolymer solutions SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; CONCENTRATION SUPERPOSITION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE SOLVENTS; MIXED-SOLVENTS; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; GELS; CONFORMATION; TEMPERATURE AB The morphological and mechanical attributes of triblock copolymer solutions composed of miscible, midblock-selective solvents are investigated by small-angle scattering and dynamic rheology. Variation in cosolvent composition at constant copolymer concentration has little effect on copolymer morphology, but promotes large differences in matrix relaxation, as evinced by changes in the shape of isothermal frequency spectra. Shifting these spectra in the frequency domain reveals the existence of time-composition equivalence, wherein shift factors scale with the viscosity of the cosolvent mixture. C1 [Krishnan, Arjun S.; Khan, Saad A.; Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Seifert, Soenke; Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rich_Spontak@ncsu.edu OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU Eaton Corporation; US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by Eaton Corporation and the US Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Profs. H. H. Winter and T. P. Lodge for insightful discussions and recommendations. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 18 BP 4331 EP 4334 DI 10.1039/c0sm00573h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 647JC UT WOS:000281613700005 ER PT J AU Hong, SH Verduzco, R Williams, JC Twieg, RJ DiMasi, E Pindak, R Jakli, A Gleeson, JT Sprunt, S AF Hong, S. H. Verduzco, R. Williams, J. C. Twieg, R. J. DiMasi, E. Pindak, R. Jakli, A. Gleeson, J. T. Sprunt, S. TI Short-range smectic order in bent-core nematic liquid crystals SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; MESOPHASE; MESOGENS AB Small angle X-ray diffraction from the uniaxial nematic phase of certain bent-core liquid crystals is shown to be consistent with the presence of molecular clusters possessing short-range tilted smectic (smectic-C) order. Persistence of these clusters throughout the nematic phase, and even into the isotropic state, likely accounts for the unusual macroscopic behavior previously reported in bent-core nematics, including an anomalously large flexoelectric effect (similar to 1000 times that of conventional calamitic nematics), very large orientational and flow viscosities (similar to 10 100 and similar to 100 1000 times, respectively, typical values for calamitics), and an extraordinary flow birefringence observed in the isotropic state. C1 [Hong, S. H.; Gleeson, J. T.; Sprunt, S.] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Verduzco, R.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Williams, J. C.; Twieg, R. J.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [DiMasi, E.; Pindak, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jakli, A.] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Jakli, A.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Hong, SH (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0606160]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Dr Lin Yang for useful conversations at NSLS pertaining to the analysis of some of our experimental results. The Kent State authors are grateful to the NSF for funding through grant no. DMR-0606160. The SAXS beamline X6B at NSLS is supported by the DOE under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 19 BP 4819 EP 4827 DI 10.1039/c000362j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 652LN UT WOS:000282008300025 ER PT J AU Armstrong, CL Kaye, MD Zamponi, M Mamontov, E Tyagi, M Jenkins, T Rheinstadter, MC AF Armstrong, Clare L. Kaye, Martin D. Zamponi, Michaela Mamontov, Eugene Tyagi, Madhusudan Jenkins, Timothy Rheinstadter, Maikel C. TI Diffusion in single supported lipid bilayers studied by quasi-elastic neutron scattering SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MEMBRANES; TRANSITION AB It seems to be increasingly accepted that the diversity and composition of lipids play an important role in the function of biological membranes. A prime example of this is the case of lipid rafts; regions enriched with certain types of lipids which are speculated to be relevant to the proper functioning of membrane embedded proteins. Although the dynamics of membrane systems have been studied for decades, the microscopic dynamics of lipid molecules, even in simple model systems, is still an active topic of debate. Neutron scattering has proven to be an important tool for accessing the relevant nanometre length scale and nano to picosecond time scales, thus providing complimentary information to macroscopic techniques. Despite their potential relevance for the development of functionalized surfaces and biosensors, the study of single supported membranes using neutron scattering poses the challenge of obtaining relevant dynamic information from a sample with minimal material. Using state of the art neutron instrumentation we were, for the first time, able to model lipid diffusion in single supported lipid bilayers. We find that the diffusion coefficient for the single bilayer system is comparable to the multi-lamellar lipid system. More importantly, the molecular mechanism for lipid motion in the single bilayer was found to be a continuous diffusion, rather than the flow-like ballistic motion reported in the stacked membrane system. We observed an enhanced diffusion at the nearest neighbour distance of the lipid molecules. The enhancement and change of character of the diffusion can most likely be attributed to the effect the supporting substrate has on the lipid organization. C1 [Armstrong, Clare L.; Kaye, Martin D.; Rheinstadter, Maikel C.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Zamponi, Michaela; Mamontov, Eugene] ORNL, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zamponi, Michaela] FZ Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, Julich, Germany. [Tyagi, Madhusudan; Jenkins, Timothy] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rheinstadter, Maikel C.] NRC, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON, Canada. RP Armstrong, CL (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM armstc5@mcmaster.ca RI Armstrong, Clare/B-5536-2012; Rheinstadter, Maikel/D-5322-2009; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Research Council Canada (NRC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the National Research Council Canada (NRC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research supported in part by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 23 BP 5864 EP 5867 DI 10.1039/c0sm00637h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 681KT UT WOS:000284313700006 ER PT J AU Goswami, M Sumpter, BG Huang, TZ Messman, JM Gido, SP Isaacs-Sodeye, AI Mays, JW AF Goswami, Monojoy Sumpter, Bobby G. Huang, Tianzi Messman, Jamie M. Gido, Samuel P. Isaacs-Sodeye, A. I. Mays, Jimmy W. TI Tunable morphologies from charged block copolymers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; POLYMER VESICLES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITES; ASSEMBLIES; TRANSITION; SIMULATION; MEMBRANES; MICELLES; DYNAMICS AB The bulk morphologies formed by a new class of charged block copolymers, 75 vol % fluorinated polyisoprene (FPI) - 25 vol% sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) with 50% sulfonation, are characterized, and the fundamental underlying forces that promote the self-assembly processes are elucidated. The results show how the bulk morphologies are substantially different from their uncharged diblock counterparts (PS-PI) and also how morphology can be tuned with volume fraction of the charged block and the casting solvent. A physical understanding based on the underlying strong electrostatic interactions between the charged block and counterions is obtained using Monte Carlo (MC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The 75/25 FPI-PSS shows hexagonal morphologies with the minority blocks (PSS) forming the continuous phase due to charge percolation and the FPI blocks arranged in hexagonal cylinders. Some long-range order can be sustained even if lipophobicity is increased (addition of water), albeit with lower dimensional structures. However, thermal annealing provides sufficient energy to disrupt the percolated charges and promotes aggregation of ionic sites which leads to a disordered system. Diverse and atypical morphologies are readily accessible by simply changing the number distribution of the charges on the PSS block. C1 [Goswami, Monojoy; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Messman, Jamie M.; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Tianzi; Mays, Jimmy W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gido, Samuel P.; Isaacs-Sodeye, A. I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Goswami, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goswamim@ornl.gov RI Goswami, Monojoy/G-7943-2012; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Goswami, Monojoy/0000-0002-4473-4888; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, US Department of Energy; Materials Science and Engineering Division (MSED), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DEAC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0329] FX This work was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, US Department of Energy. MG and BGS thank the Materials Science and Engineering Division (MSED), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) for support under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). SPG and JWM also thank the Army Research Office for support (contract # W911NF-04-1-0329). We thank Professor Marc Hillmyer (University of Minnesota) for helpful advice on fluorination of polydienes. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 24 BP 6146 EP 6154 DI 10.1039/c0sm00733a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 687JD UT WOS:000284773900016 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Mochrie, SGJ Narayanan, S Sandy, AR Sprung, M AF Lu, Xinhui Mochrie, S. G. J. Narayanan, S. Sandy, A. R. Sprung, M. TI Temperature-dependent structural arrest of silica colloids in a water-lutidine binary mixture SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRITICAL CASIMIR FORCES; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; HARD-SPHERICAL COLLOIDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; SUSPENSIONS; SPHERES AB We study the onset of structural arrest and glass formation in a suspension of silica nanoparticles in a water-lutidine binary mixture near its consolute point. By exploiting the near-critical fluid degrees of freedom to control the strength of an attraction between particles and multispeckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to characterize the particles' collective dynamics, we show that this model liquid undergoes a glass transition both on cooling and on heating, and that the intermediate liquid realizes unusual logarithmic relaxations. We are able to characterize in unprecedented detail how vitrification occurs for the two different glass transitions observed, and draw comparisons to recent theoretical predictions for glass formation in systems with attractive interactions. C1 [Lu, Xinhui; Mochrie, S. G. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Mochrie, S. G. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Narayanan, S.; Sandy, A. R.; Sprung, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, XH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xlu@bnl.gov FU NSF [DMR 0906697]; DOE FX We thank T. Chiba, E. R. Dufresne, R. L. Leheny, C. O'Hern, S. Sanis, M. Spannuth, M. Trias, and J. Wettlaufer for discussions, B. Tieman for the development of the "streaming" data acquisition mode, a referee of our preliminary paper94 for key clarifications and the NSF for support via DMR 0906697. The APS is supported by the DOE. NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2010 VL 6 IS 24 BP 6160 EP 6177 DI 10.1039/c0sm00152j PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 687JD UT WOS:000284773900018 ER PT J AU Pervez, S Gopalakrishnan, G Kirby, RM Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Pervez, Salman Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh Kirby, Robert M. Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William TI Formal methods applied to high-performance computing software design: a case study of MPI one-sided communication-based locking SO SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE concurrent programming; formal verification; model checking; race condition; SPIN; dynamic analysis; high-performance computing (HPC); Message Passing Interface (MPI); one-sided communication ID VERIFICATION; PROGRAMS; CORRECTNESS; CHECKING AB There is a growing need to address the complexity of verifying the numerous concurrent protocols employed in the high-performance Computing software. Today's approaches for verification consist of testing detailed implementations of these protocols. Unfortunately, this approach can seldom show the absence of bugs, and often results in serious bugs escaping into the deployed software. An approach called Model Checking has been demonstrated to be eminently helpful in debugging these protocols early in the software life cycle by offering the ability to represent and exhaustively analyze simplified formal protocol models. The effectiveness of model checking has yet to be adequately demonstrated in high-performance computing. This paper presents a case study of a concurrent protocol that was thought to be sufficiently well tested, but proved to contain two very non-obvious deadlocks in them. These bugs were automatically detected through model checking. The protocol models in which these bugs were detected were also easy to create. Recent work in Our group demonstrates that even this tedium of model creation can be eliminated by employing dynamic source-code-level analysis methods. Our case study comes from the important domain of Message Passing Interface (MPI)-based programming, which is universally employed for simulating and predicting anything from the structural integrity of combustion chambers to the path of hurricanes. We argue that model checking must be taught as well as used widely within HPC, given this and similar success stories. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh; Kirby, Robert M.] Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pervez, Salman] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gropp, William] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, G (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM ganesh@cs.utah.edu OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 FU NSF [CNS-0509379, CCF-0811429]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER25835] FX Contract/grant sponsor: NSF; contract/grant numbers: CNS-0509379, CCF-0811429; Contract/grant sponsor: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing; Contract/grant sponsor: Office of Science; Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy; contract/grant number: DE-FG02-08ER25835 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0038-0644 J9 SOFTWARE PRACT EXPER JI Softw.-Pract. Exp. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1002/spe.946 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 544OA UT WOS:000273666300002 ER PT J AU Martin, MZ Labbe, N Andre, N Wullschleger, SD Harris, RD Ebinger, MH AF Martin, Madhavi Z. Labbe, Nicole Andre, Nicolas Wullschleger, Stan D. Harris, Ronny D. Ebinger, Michael H. TI Novel Multivariate Analysis for Soil Carbon Measurements Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; PREDICTION; SCATTERING; WOOD AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a rapid and potentially field-deployable technology for estimating total C in soil, represents a novel approach to address important issues in soil science and C management. Our study his shown that models relating LIBS signal intensity at 247.85 run to total C concentration determined by dry combustion vary as a function of elemental and textural characteristics of the soil, and, to a lesser extent, wavelength and excitation energy of the laser. To better quantify these sources of variation, two wavelengths and three excitation energies were used to analyze soils from various locations. The emission line of C at 247.85 nm was pronounced at an excitation wavelength of 532 rim and energy of 45 mJ, but it was largely obscured by the 248.9-nm Fe line at 1064 rim and excitation energies of 90 and 135 mJ. Univariate analysis revealed linear but soil-specific correlations between the signal intensity at 247.85 rim and total C concentration. A single and robust calibration model correlating LIBS spectra, collected at a laser wavelength of 532 rim and an excitation energy of 45 mJ, to C concentration in all samples was obtained using a multivariate approach. Several emission lines in addition to the strong C line contributed significantly to the multivariate model. These results show, that multivariate analysis can be used to construct a robust calibration model for LIBS spectra and therein provide a reliable estimate of total soil C. Such results must be confirmed for a broader range of soils, yet crop and soil scientists, C managers, and instrument developers should find these results encouraging. C1 [Labbe, Nicole; Andre, Nicolas] Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Martin, Madhavi Z.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Harris, Ronny D.; Ebinger, Michael H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Labbe, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nlabbe@utk.edu RI Martin, Madhavi/A-5268-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Martin, Madhavi/0000-0002-6677-2180 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science through the Consortium for Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory FX Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program through the Consortium for Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Research at Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by the DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. We thank the USDA NRCS for supplying the soil samples, and Deanne Brice and Clifton Meyer for their help with sample preparation and LIBS measurements. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0102 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100011 ER PT J AU Knox, AS Nelson, EA Halverson, NV Gladden, JB AF Knox, Anna Sophia Nelson, Eric A. Halverson, Nancy V. Gladden, John B. TI Long-Term Performance of a Constructed Wetland for Metal Removal SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; contaminants; metals; removal; sediment ID SEDIMENT AB Constructed wetlands have the ability to economically remove pollutants from water and retain them in sediment. This paper describes the long-term performance of a constructed wetland for metal removal, including the efficiency of metal removal, and the retention of metals in the wetland sediment. It is based on four years of data collected from the A-01 wetland treatment system, a surface flow wetland planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (giant bulrush). The system is designed to remove Cu and other metals from the A-01 National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) outfall effluent at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. Copper, Zn, and Pb concentrations in water were usually reduced 60 to 80% during passage through the A-01 treatment system. Most of the metal removed by the wetland cells was accumulated in the two top layers of the substrate; i.e., the floc and organic layers. This gradient was strongly correlated with percent organic matter, pH, and the concentration of all metals. These results showed that most metals in the A-01 wetland sediments behaved similarly: their concentrations decreased as sediment depth increased. C1 [Knox, Anna Sophia; Nelson, Eric A.; Halverson, Nancy V.; Gladden, John B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Knox, AS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM anna.knox@srnl.doe.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This document was generated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Extensive collaboration with Clemson University and Weston Engineering was essential during the design and construction phases of the wetland facility. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 667 EP 685 AR PII 928176412 DI 10.1080/15320383.2010.515628 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665WX UT WOS:000283068600003 ER PT J AU Zhu, F Hu, J Matulionis, I Deutsch, T Gaillard, N Miller, E Madan, A AF Zhu, Feng Hu, Jian Matulionis, Ilvydas Deutsch, Todd Gaillard, Nicolas Miller, Eric Madan, Arun BE Rugescu, RD TI Amorphous Silicon Carbide Photoelectrode for Hydrogen Production from Water using Sunlight SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILANE-METHANE PLASMA; SOLAR-CELL; ELECTRODES; DEVICE C1 [Zhu, Feng; Hu, Jian; Matulionis, Ilvydas; Madan, Arun] MVSystems Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Deutsch, Todd] Univ Hawaii Manoa, HNEI, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gaillard, Nicolas; Miller, Eric] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, F (reprint author), MVSystems Inc, 500 Corp Circle,Suite L, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-052-0 PY 2010 BP 353 EP 374 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BD7WG UT WOS:000363646200016 ER PT S AU Henderson, MA Shutthanandan, V Ohsawa, T Chambers, SA AF Henderson, M. A. Shutthanandan, V. Ohsawa, T. Chambers, S. A. BE Idriss, H Wang, H TI Structural Environment of Nitrogen in N-doped Rutile TiO(2)(110) SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology V CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID VISIBLE-LIGHT; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTOACTIVITY; ANATASE; SURFACE; ORIGIN AB We employ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to characterize the concentration-dependent structural properties of nitrogen doping into rutile TiO(2). High quality N-doped TiO(2) were prepared on rutile single crystal TiO(2)(110) substrates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma and Ti effusive sources. Films with N dopant concentrations at or below 2 at.% exhibited predominately substitutional doping based on NRA data, whereas films with concentrations above this limit resulted in little or no substitutional N and surfaces rich in Ti(3+). The binding energy of the N 1s feature in XPS did not readily distinguish between these two extremes in N-doping, rendering features within 0.4 eV of each other and similar peak profiles. Although widely used to characterize the state of N in anion-doped TiO(2) materials, we find that XPS is unsuitable for this task. C1 [Henderson, M. A.; Ohsawa, T.; Chambers, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8266-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7770 AR 777007 DI 10.1117/12.862297 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSY06 UT WOS:000286094200003 ER PT S AU Mayer, MA Speaks, DT Yu, KM Mao, SS Haller, EE Walukiewicz, W AF Mayer, Marie A. Speaks, Derrick T. Yu, Kin Man Mao, Samuel S. Haller, Eugene E. Walukiewicz, Wladek BE Idriss, H Wang, H TI Band structure engineering of ZnO(1-x)Se(x) alloys SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology V CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE oxide films; band gap engineering; photoelectrochemistry ID OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; WATER AB ZnO(1-x)Se(x) films have been prepared through pulsed laser deposition as a step toward stable films with a band gap appropriate for water splitting. The films show a clear red shift in absorption with increasing Se content and a shift in the flat band voltage toward spontaneity. Due to the films' electron affinities, there exists a natural tunnel junction between these n- ZnO(1-x)Se(x) films when grown on the p-side of a Si diode. The overall performance, emphasized by flat band potential measurements, can be improved by growing films on Si p-n diodes. C1 [Mayer, Marie A.; Speaks, Derrick T.; Yu, Kin Man; Haller, Eugene E.; Walukiewicz, Wladek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mayer, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mamayer@berkeley.edu OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8266-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7770 AR 77700C DI 10.1117/12.859482 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSY06 UT WOS:000286094200004 ER PT S AU Wood, BC Ogitsu, T Schwegler, E AF Wood, Brandon C. Ogitsu, Tadashi Schwegler, Eric BE Idriss, H Wang, H TI Ab-initio modeling of water-semiconductor interfaces for direct solar-to-chemical energy conversion SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology V CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photoelectrochemical; hydrogen production; III-V semiconductors; indium phosphide ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB We perform extensive density-functional theory total-energy calculations and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the stability and reactivity of surface oxides and hydroxides of InP(001) for photoelectrochemical water cleavage. In order to achieve maximal accuracy, our simulations include the full interface between the semiconductor surface and liquid water. Certain oxide contaminants are found to have a dramatic impact on the surface reactivity, pointing to the importance of surface oxide and hydroxide intermediates in facilitating the water-dissociation component of the hydrogen evolution process. Our results are used to relate the chemical activity of the surface towards water dissociation to the oxygen bond topology. The importance of the liquid hydrogen-bond network near the interface is discussed, particularly in relation to the generation of local configurations favorable for dissociative water adsorption on InP(001). C1 [Wood, Brandon C.; Ogitsu, Tadashi; Schwegler, Eric] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Quantum Simulat Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wood, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Quantum Simulat Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wood37@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8266-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7770 AR 77700E DI 10.1117/12.860770 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSY06 UT WOS:000286094200005 ER PT J AU Tracy, LA Eng, K Childs, K Carroll, MS Lilly, MP AF Tracy, L. A. Eng, K. Childs, K. Carroll, M. S. Lilly, M. P. TI Enhancement of valley splitting in (100) Si MOSFETs at high magnetic fields SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Two-dimensional electron systems; Quantum Hall effect; Electronic transport ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; SILICON INVERSION-LAYERS; SURFACE; ACTIVATION; INTERFACE; DENSITY; STATES; GAS AB We report the density and magnetic field dependence of the valley splitting of two-dimensional electrons in (100) Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, as determined via activation measurements in the quantum Hall regime. We find that the valley activation gap can be greatly enhanced at high magnetic fields as compared to the bare valley splitting. The observation of strong dependence of the valley activation gap on orbital Landau level occupancy and similar behavior of nearby spin gaps suggest that electron-electron interactions play a large role in the observed enhancement. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Tracy, L. A.; Lilly, M. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tracy, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800,MS 1314, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM latracy@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; Lockheed-Martin Company; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank S. Das Sarma, B. Koiller, and M. Friesen for helpful discussions. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility, and was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 5-6 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.11.015 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 554UE UT WOS:000274459600001 ER PT S AU Do, BT Smith, AV AF Do, Binh T. Smith, Arlee V. BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Deterministic single shot and multiple shots bulk damage thresholds for doped and undoped, crystalline and ceramic YAG SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB We used 9.9-ns, single-longitudinal-mode, TEM(00) pulses tightly focused to an 8-micron radius spot to measure single-shot and multiple-shot damage thresholds of pure and Nd-doped ceramic Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), and of pure, Nd-doped, Cr-doped, and Yb-doped crystalline YAG. By tightly focusing the laser beam, we kept the damage threshold powers below the SBS threshold, and minimized the effect of self focusing. The size of the focus spot was measured using surface third harmonic generation. We found both single-shot and multiple-shot damage thresholds to be deterministic. At the single-shot damage threshold in YAG, breakdown always occurs on the trailing edge of the laser pulse. However, for multiple-shot damage threshold, breakdown occurs at the peak of the n(th) laser pulse. Our measured damage thresholds for doped and undoped, ceramic and crystalline YAG range from 1.1 to 2.2 kJ/cm(2). We also report some damage morphologies in crystalline YAG. C1 [Do, Binh T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. [Smith, Arlee V.] AS Photon, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Do, BT (reprint author), Ball Aerosp Technol Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 75781V DI 10.1117/12.841485 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100056 ER PT J AU Ye, XG Smith, RB Cui, ST de Almeida, V Khomami, B AF Ye, Xianggui Smith, R. Bryan Cui, Shengting de Almeida, Valmor Khomami, Bamin TI Influence of Nitric Acid on Uranyl Nitrate Association in Aqueous Solutions: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Uranyl nitrate; TBP; complex; equilibrium constant; molecular dynamics; extraction ID COORDINATION ENVIRONMENT; SUPERCRITICAL CO2; COMPLEX-FORMATION; WATER MODEL; EXTRACTION; TBP; HYDRATION; ION; PERCHLORATE; CHLORIDE AB Uranyl ion complexation with water and nitrate is a key aspect of the uranium/plutonium extraction process. We have carried out a molecular dynamics simulation study to investigate this complexation process, including the molecular composition of the various complex species, the corresponding structure, and the equilibrium distribution of the complexes. The observed structures of the complexes suggest that in aqueous solution, uranyls are generally hydrated by 5 water molecules in the equatorial plane. When associating with nitrate ions, a water molecule is replaced by a nitrate ion, preserving the five-fold coordination and planar symmetry. Analysis of the pair correlation function between uranyl and nitrate suggests that nitrates bind to uranyl in aqueous solution mainly in a monodentate mode, although a small portion of bidentates occur. Dynamic association and dissociation between uranyls and nitrates take place in aqueous solution with a substantial amount of fluctuation in the number of various uranyl nitrate species. The average number of the uranyl mononitrate complexes shows a dependence on acid concentration consistent with equilibrium-constant analysis, namely, the concentration of [UO(2)NO(3)](+) increases with nitric acid concentration. C1 [Ye, Xianggui; Smith, R. Bryan; Cui, Shengting; Khomami, Bamin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, MRAIL, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [de Almeida, Valmor] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cui, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, MRAIL, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM scui@utk.edu; bkhomami@utk.edu RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X FU Joint Directed Research and Development program at the University of Tennessee; U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Bruce Moyer and Benjamin Hay of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for stimulating discussions during the course of this work. The work is supported by a Joint Directed Research and Development program at the University of Tennessee and a Laboratory Directed Research and Development project (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE AC05-00OR22725. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/07366290903409092 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 590AI UT WOS:000277195100001 ER PT J AU Delmau, LH Birdwell, JF McFarlane, J Moyer, BA AF Delmau, Laetitia H. Birdwell, Joseph F., Jr. McFarlane, Joanna Moyer, Bruce A. TI Robustness of the CSSX Process to Feed Variation: Efficient Cesium Removal from the High Potassium Wastes at Hanford SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Cesium; nuclear waste; potassium; nitrate; hydroxide; solvent extraction process; flow sheet ID SIDE SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; HIGH-LEVEL WASTE; TANK WASTE; MODIFIERS; 1,3-ALTERNATE; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; ARENE; CROWN AB This contribution finds the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process to be effective for the removal of cesium from the Hanford tank-waste supernatant solutions. The Hanford waste types are more challenging than those at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in that they contain significantly higher levels of potassium, the chief competing ion in the extraction of cesium. By use of a computerized CSSX thermodynamic model, it was calculated that the higher levels of potassium depress the cesium distribution ratio (DCs), as validated to within +/-11% by the measurement of DCs values on various Hanford waste-simulant compositions. A simple analog model equation that can be readily applied in a spreadsheet for estimating the DCs values for the varying waste compositions was developed and shown to yield nearly identical estimates as the computerized CSSX model. It is concluded from the batch distribution experiments, the physical-property measurements, the equilibrium modeling, the flowsheet calculations, and the contactor sizing that the CSSX process as currently formulated for cesium removal from alkaline salt waste at the SRS is capable of treating similar Hanford tank feeds, albeit with more stages. For the most challenging Hanford waste composition tested, 31 stages would be required to provide a cesium decontamination factor (DF) of 5000 and a concentration factor (CF) of 2. Commercial contacting equipment with rotor diameters of 10 in. for extraction and 5 in. for stripping should have the capacity to meet throughput requirements, but testing will be required to confirm that the needed efficiency and hydraulic performance are actually obtainable. Markedly improved flowsheet performance was calculated based on experimental distribution ratios determined for an improved solvent formulation employing the more soluble cesium extractant BEHBCalixC6 used with alternative scrub and strip solutions, respectively 0.1 M NaOH and 0.010 M boric acid. The improved solvent and flowsheet can meet minimum requirements (DF - 5000 and CF - 2) with 15 stages or more ambitious goals (DF - 40,000 and CF - 15) with 19 stages. Thus, a modular CSSX application for the Hanford waste seems readily obtainable with further short-term development. C1 [Moyer, Bruce A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS-6119-4500S,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; McFarlane, Joanna/C-5998-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; McFarlane, Joanna/0000-0002-4112-5104 FU CH2MHILL Hanford Group for the Office of River Protection, Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy; Offices of Science and Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors are grateful to Cognis Corporation for the gift of a sample of LIX 79 and to ChemoDynamics for the gift of a sample of BEHB. This research was jointly sponsored by CH2MHILL Hanford Group for the Office of River Protection, Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, and the Environmental Management Science Program of the Offices of Science and Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 19 EP 48 DI 10.1080/07366290903408433 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 590AI UT WOS:000277195100002 ER PT J AU Zalupski, PR Herbst, RS Delmau, LH Martin, LR Peterman, DR Nash, KL AF Zalupski, P. R. Herbst, R. S. Delmau, L. H. Martin, L. R. Peterman, D. R. Nash, K. L. TI Two-Phase Calorimetry. II. Studies on the Thermodynamics of Cesium and Strontium Extraction by Mixtures of H+CCD- and PEG-400 in FS-13 SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Thermochemistry; calorimetry; cesium; strontium; chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide; polyethylene glycol; FS-13; solvent extraction ID FUNDAMENTAL CHEMISTRY; UNEX PROCESS; SEPARATION; NITROBENZENE; ION; ACTINIDES; NITRATE; CATIONS; ANIONS; WASTE AB Thermochemical characterization of the partitioning of cesium and strontium from nitric acid solutions into mixtures of the acid form of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (H+CCD-) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) in FS-13 diluent has been completed using isothermal titration microcalorimetry and radiotracer distribution methods. The phase transfer reaction for Cs+ is a straightforward (H+ for Cs+) cation exchange reaction. In contrast, the extraction of Sr2+ does not proceed in the absence of the co-solvent molecule PEG-400. This molecule is believed to facilitate the dehydration of the Sr2+ aquo cation to overcome its resistance to partitioning. The phase transfer reactions for both Cs+ and Sr2+ are enthalpy driven (exothermic), but partially compensated by an unfavorable entropy. The results of the calorimetry studies suggest that the PEG-400 functions as a stoichiometric phase transfer reagent rather than acting simply as a phase transfer catalyst or phase modifier. The calorimetry results also demonstrate that the extraction of Sr2+ is complex, including evidence for both the partitioning of Sr(NO3)(+) and endothermic ion pairing interactions in the organic phase that contribute to the net enthalpic effect. The thermodynamics of the liquid-liquid distribution equilibria are discussed mainly considering the basic features of the ion solvation thermochemistry. C1 [Zalupski, P. R.; Nash, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zalupski, P. R.; Herbst, R. S.; Martin, L. R.; Peterman, D. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Delmau, L. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zalupski, PR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM peter.zalupski@inl.gov; knash@wsu.edu RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 FU PRZ [11W-2452-0742]; Idaho National Laboratory; Laboratory Director's Research and Development program FX Work by PRZ was supported under subcontract number 11W-2452-0742 with the Idaho National Laboratory, the Laboratory Director's Research and Development program. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 161 EP 183 DI 10.1080/07366290903408482 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 590AJ UT WOS:000277195200001 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Gelis, AV Vandegrift, GF AF Lumetta, Gregg J. Gelis, Artem V. Vandegrift, George F. TI Review: Solvent Systems Combining Neutral and Acidic Extractants for Separating Trivalent Lanthanides from the Transuranic Elements SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Review DE Lanthanide separation; actinide separation; lanthanide/actinide separation; mixed solvent ID MINOR ACTINIDES; NITRIC-ACID; SUBSTITUTED MALONAMIDES; 2-BROMODECANOIC ACID; SYNERGISTIC MIXTURES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; DIAMEX PROCESS; AM(III); BEHAVIOR AB This paper is a review of recent publications that have focused on combined extractant systems for separating trivalent actinides from the lanthanides. These mixed solvent systems combine an acidic extractant with a neutral extractant to achieve the actinide/lanthanide separation. Depending on the neutral extractant used, three categorizations of systems can be considered, including combinations of acidic extractants with 1) diamides, 2) carbamoylmethylphosphine oxides, and 3) polydentate nitrogen-donor ligands. This review of relevant publications indicates that, although there is significant potential for practical exploitation of mixed neutral/acidic extractant systems to achieve a single-step separation of trivalent actinides from acidic high-level waste solutions, the fundamental chemistry underlying these combined systems is not yet well understood. For example, although there is strong evidence suggesting that adducts form between the neutral and acidic extractants, the nature of these adducts generally is not known. Likewise, the structures of the mixed complexes formed between the metal ions and the two different extractants are not fully understood. Research into these basic phenomena likely will provide clues about how to design practical mixed-extractant systems that can be used to efficiently separate the transuranic elements from the lanthanides and other components of irradiated fuel. C1 [Lumetta, Gregg J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gelis, Artem V.; Vandegrift, George F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), POB 999,MSIN P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregg.lumetta@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, through the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, through the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 287 EP 312 DI 10.1080/07366291003684253 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 590AM UT WOS:000277195500001 ER PT J AU Leggett, CJ Liu, GK Jensen, MP AF Leggett, Christina J. Liu, Guokui Jensen, Mark P. TI Do Aqueous Ternary Complexes Influence the TALSPEAK Process? SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE TALSPEAK; lanthanide; actinide; ternary complexes; DTPA; lactic acid ID TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; NEODYMIUM(III) COMPLEXES; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; HYDRATION STATES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LUMINESCENCE; EXTRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ION AB The aqueous speciation of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations in solutions containing DTPA (diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N',N ''-pentaacetic acid) and lactic acid were studied under conditions representative of the TALSPEAK process. Spectrophotometric titrations, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermometric titrations were used to search for indications of ternary metal-DTPA-lactate complexes. The addition of lactate anions to metal-DTPA complexes was undetectable by any of these techniques, even at free lactate concentrations of 0.75 M. Although lactic acid is necessary for the optimal performance of the TALSPEAK process, we find that the fractions of aqueous ternary Ln(3+)/An(3+)-DTPA-lactate complexes are far too low to account for the observed acid dependence of TALSPEAK metal extraction. C1 [Liu, Guokui; Jensen, Mark P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Leggett, Christina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mjensen@anl.gov RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Science; U.S. DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. G.L. is supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Science. C.J.L. was supported by a U.S. DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Fellowship while working at Argonne. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 313 EP 334 DI 10.1080/07366291003684113 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 590AM UT WOS:000277195500002 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Modolo, G Mezyk, SP AF Mincher, Bruce J. Modolo, Giuseppe Mezyk, Stephen P. TI Review: The Effects of Radiation Chemistry on Solvent Extraction 4: Separation of the Trivalent Actinides and Considerations for Radiation-Resistant Solvent Systems SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Review DE Actinide extraction; lanthanide extraction; BTPs; BTBPs; TALSPEAK; SANEX; dithiophosphinic acids; free radicals; G-values; radiation chemistry ID HARMFUL RADIOLYTIC PRODUCTS; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER MIXED-SOLVENTS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; RATE CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; ACTINIDE(III)/LANTHANIDE(III) SEPARATION; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The separation of trivalent actinides from the landthanides is possibly the most formidable challenge associated with the new fuel cycle. Research is underway on three continents to solve this problem. The ligand and solvent formulation adopted will need to be robust in a high radiation environment. Solvent systems currently under consideration are examined here from a radiation chemical perspective, and their performance under irradiation is decribed. This series of reviews is concluded with a summary of the important radiation chemical reactions related to the fuel cycle, and recommendations for stable ligand design. C1 [Mincher, Bruce J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Modolo, Giuseppe] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energy Res Safety Res & Reactor Technol, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Mezyk, Stephen P.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017; OI Modolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6490-5595 NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 415 EP 436 AR PII 922813008 DI 10.1080/07366299.2010.485548 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 606JL UT WOS:000278420800001 ER PT J AU Herbst, RS Peterman, DR Zalupski, PR Nash, KL Tillotson, RD Delmau, LH AF Herbst, R. Scott Peterman, Dean R. Zalupski, Peter R. Nash, Ken L. Tillotson, Richard D. Delmau, Laetitia H. TI Thermodynamics of Cesium Extraction from Acidic Media by HCCD and PEG SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Cesium; HCCD; PEG; solvent extraction; FS-13; SXLSQI mode ID CHEMISTRY; PEG-400; FS-13 AB In this study, details of cesium extraction from nitrate media using chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (HCCD) dissolved in the polar phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone (FS-13) diluent have been examined. It has been verified that Cs+ phase transfer is based solely on cation exchange (H+ for Cs+) that is, that a previously reported nitrate dependency arises from nonideal behavior of solute species. The enthalpy and entropy of the system calculated using appropriate corrections to the van't Hoff analysis are found to be in good agreement with independently measured calorimetry results. Finally, it is demonstrated that synergistic extraction of Cs+ by HCCD and PEG does not occur. Although there is a definite interaction between HCCD and PEG (and it is well established that this interaction is responsible for the extraction of Sr2+), this association is actually antagonistic to the extraction of Cs+. C1 [Delmau, Laetitia H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Herbst, R. Scott; Peterman, Dean R.; Zalupski, Peter R.; Tillotson, Richard D.] INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Zalupski, Peter R.; Nash, Ken L.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Delmau, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delmaulh@ornl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-99ID13727] FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, U.S. Department of Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-99ID13727 with Idaho National Laboratory, managed by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 563 EP 578 AR PII 926296129 DI 10.1080/07366299.2010.502865 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 643RP UT WOS:000281316400001 ER PT S AU Henderson, JR Nikolaev, S Phillion, DW De Vries, WH Pertica, AJ Olivier, SS AF Henderson, John R. Nikolaev, Sergei Phillion, Donald W. De Vries, Willem H. Pertica, Alexander J. Olivier, Scot S. BE Cox, JL Bester, MG Fink, W TI Intelligent sensor tasking for space collision mitigation SO SPACE MISSIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Missions and Technologies CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space situational awareness; space flight safety; conjunction analysis; telescope network; high performance computing; modeling and simulation AB Orbital collisions pose a hazard to space operations. Using a high performance computer modeling and simulation environment for space situational awareness, we explore a new paradigm for improving satellite conjunction analysis by obtaining more precise orbital information only for those objects that pose a collision risk greater than a defined threshold to a specific set of satellites during a specified time interval. In particular, we assess the improvement in the quality of the conjunction analysis that can be achieved using a distributed network of ground-based telescopes. C1 [Henderson, John R.; Nikolaev, Sergei; Phillion, Donald W.; De Vries, Willem H.; Pertica, Alexander J.; Olivier, Scot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Henderson, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM olivier1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8155-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7691 AR 76910L DI 10.1117/12.850794 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS83 UT WOS:000285717200014 ER PT S AU Bradley, PA Plesko, CS Clement, RRC Conlon, LM Weaver, RP Guzik, JA Pritchett-Sheats, LA Huebner, WF AF Bradley, P. A. Plesko, C. S. Clement, R. R. C. Conlon, L. M. Weaver, R. P. Guzik, J. A. Pritchett-Sheats, L. A. Huebner, W. F. BE Robertson, GA TI Challenges of Deflecting an Asteroid or Comet Nucleus with a Nuclear Burst SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Impact Phenomena; Orbital Dynamics; Asteroids; Comets ID IRAS-ARAKI-ALCOCK; IMPACT HAZARD; 1983 VII; EARTH AB There are many natural disasters that humanity has to deal with over time. These include earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, asteroid strikes, and so on. Some of these disasters occur slowly enough that some advance warning is possible for affected areas. In this case, the response is to evacuate the affected area and deal with the damage later. The Katrina and Rita hurricane evacuations on the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2005 demonstrated the chaos that can result from such a response. In contrast with other natural disasters, it is likely that an asteroid or comet nucleus on a collision course with Earth will be detected with enough warning time to possibly deflect it away. Thanks to Near-Earth Object (NEO) surveys, people are working towards a goal of cataloging at least 90% of all near-Earth objects with diameters larger than similar to 140 meters in the next fifteen years. The important question then, is how to mitigate the threat from an asteroid or comet nucleus found to be on a collision course with Earth. In this paper, we briefly review some possible deflection methods, describe their good and bad points, and then embark on a more detailed description of using nuclear munitions in a standoff mode to deflect the asteroid or comet nucleus before it can hit Earth. C1 [Bradley, P. A.; Plesko, C. S.; Clement, R. R. C.; Conlon, L. M.; Weaver, R. P.; Guzik, J. A.; Pritchett-Sheats, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huebner, W. F.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pbradley@lanl.gov OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 430 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326272 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100039 ER PT S AU Scarpine, VE Kent, SM Deustua, SE Sholl, MJ Mufson, SL Ott, MN Wiesner, MP Baptista, BJ AF Scarpine, Victor E. Kent, Stephen M. Deustua, Susana E. Sholl, Michael J. Mufson, Stuart L. Ott, Melanie N. Wiesner, Matthew P. Baptista, Brian J. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI The Ring of Fire - An Internal Illumination System for Detector Sensitivity and Filter Bandpass Characterization SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Calibration; Telescope; Illumination AB We describe a prototype of an illumination system, the Ring of Fire (ROF), which is used as part of an internal calibration system for large focal plane detector arrays in TMA (Three Mirror Anastigmat) telescope designs. Such designs have been proposed for the SNAP (SuperNova Acceleration Probe) version of a Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM). The ROF system illuminates the focal plane with a light beam the closely matches that of the telescope and is used for creating high spatial frequency flat fields and monitoring filter bandpasses for experiments that demand a highly accurate characterization of the detectors. We present measurements of a mockup of this prototype ROF design including studies in variations in illumination across a large focal plane. C1 [Scarpine, Victor E.; Kent, Stephen M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Scarpine, VE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM scarpine@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77313E DI 10.1117/12.857695 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600109 ER PT S AU Brown, GV Beiersdorfer, P Clementson, J Dunn, J Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Leutenegger, M Magee, EW Park, J Porter, FS Schneider, M Trabert, E AF Brown, G. V. Beiersdorfer, P. Clementson, J. Dunn, J. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Leutenegger, M. Magee, E. W. Park, J. Porter, F. S. Schneider, M. Traebert, E. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI A Brief Overview of the Fusion and Astrophysics Data and Diagnostic Calibration Facility SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray; spectroscopy; spectrometer; calorimeter; astrophysics; high energy density physics; calibration ID BEAM ION-TRAP; SOFT-X-RAY; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; LINE EMISSION; SPECTROMETER; POLARIZATION; INSTRUMENT; REGION; FE AB The Fusion and Astrophysics (FAST) Data and Diagnostic Calibration Facility located at the Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory is a state-of-the-art facility used to calibrate radiation based diagnostics and study atomic processes for investigating fusion and astrophysical plasmas. FAST has at its disposal a full suite of radiation generation and detection devices, including two electron beam ion traps: EBIT-I and SuperEBIT and an absolutely calibrated x-ray calorimeter spectrometer. FAST covers the energy range between 0.01 and 100 keV, and can thus be used to calibrate a variety of plasma diagnostics. Instrument parameters that can be calibrated include line profiles, transmission and reflection efficiencies, and the quantum efficiency of grating and crystal spectrometers and solid state detectors. FAST can be used to test fully integrated instrumentation, and is ideal for spectrometers and detectors to be flown on orbiting observatories, sounding rockets, used as ground support equipment to verify flight instrumentation, in laboratory astrophysics experiments, and to diagnose magnetic and inertial confinement fusion plasmas. Here we present an overview of the calibration capabilities of this facility including some results. C1 [Brown, G. V.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Clementson, J.; Dunn, J.; Magee, E. W.; Park, J.; Schneider, M.; Traebert, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gregbrown@llnl.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77324Q DI 10.1117/12.857555 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200150 ER PT S AU Tanabe, T Chubar, O Harder, DA Lehecka, M Rank, J Rakowsky, G Spataro, C AF Tanabe, Toshiya Chubar, Oleg Harder, David A. Lehecka, Michael Rank, James Rakowsky, George Spataro, Charles BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Cryogenic Field Measurement of Pr2Fe14B Undulator and Performance Enhancement Options at the NSLS-II SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE synchrotron radiation instrumentation; storage ring; permanent magnet; cryogenic AB Short period (14.5mm) hybrid undulator arrays composed of Praseodymium Iron Boron (Pr2Fe14B) magnets (CR53, NEOMAX, Inc.) and vanadium permendur poles have been fabricated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Unlike Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd2Fe14B) magnets which exhibit spin reorientation at a temperatures below 150K, PrFeB arrays monotonically increase performance with lower operating temperature. It opens up the possibility for use in operating a cryo-permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) in the range of 40K to 60K where very efficient cryocoolers are available. Magnetic flux density profiles were measured at various temperature ranges from room temperature down to liquid helium (LHe) using the Vertical Testing Facility (VTF) at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). Temperature variations of phase error have been characterized. In addition, we examined the use of textured Dysprosium (Dy) poles to replace permendur poles to obtain further improvement in performance. C1 [Tanabe, Toshiya; Chubar, Oleg; Harder, David A.; Rank, James; Spataro, Charles] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lehecka, Michael; Rakowsky, George] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanabe, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014 FU NEOMAX company FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Vyacheslav Solovyov of the Material Science Department at BNL for providing measurement data for PrFeB magnet and Dy materials, Dr. Tsutomu Kohda and Dr. Yutaka Matsuura of Hitachi Metal, NEOMAX company for their support. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463195 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500006 ER PT S AU Chubar, O Bengtsson, J Berman, L Broadbent, A Cai, YQ Hulbert, S Shen, Q Tanabe, T AF Chubar, O. Bengtsson, J. Berman, L. Broadbent, A. Cai, Y. Q. Hulbert, S. Shen, Q. Tanabe, T. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Parametric Optimization of Undulators for NSLS-II Project Beamlines SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Undulator; Insertion Device; Synchrotron Radiation AB General optimization procedure, computation methods used, and the obtained optimal parameters of undulators for the NSLS-II project beamlines are reported. The optimization starts with high-accuracy calculation of undulator magnetic fields, using Radia magnetostatics code, for a large set of periods and vertical gaps of a given undulator type, given magnetic materials and a scalable magnet geometry. From the resulting magnetic fields, a sub-set of undulator periods and the corresponding vertical gaps, providing the required low-energy cut-off values of spectral harmonics for each particular beamline, is determined. In parallel, from the same Radia undulator models, angular magnetic kick maps are calculated, and the insertion device effect on electron beam is simulated using Tracy-2 tracking code based on symplectie integrator. After these simulations, magnet parameters are fine-tuned and the maximal acceptable undulator lengths are determined for different straight sections, as functions of minimal gap and with due regard for the electron beam vertical "stay clear" constraint in the case of in-vacuum undulators. Finally, the optimal undulator period and length are determined as the values providing maximal spectral flux among the pre-selected undulator cases, already satisfying the requirements concerning the harmonic cut-off values and the effect on electron beam. C1 [Chubar, O.; Bengtsson, J.; Berman, L.; Broadbent, A.; Cai, Y. Q.; Hulbert, S.; Shen, Q.; Tanabe, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chubar, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014; Cai, Yong/C-5036-2008 OI Cai, Yong/0000-0002-9957-6426 FU US DOE [DEAC0298CH10886] FX Work supported by US DOE, Contract No DEAC0298CH10886 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463218 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500008 ER PT S AU Liu, CA Shi, B Qian, J Conley, R Yan, H Wieczorek, M Macrander, AT Maser, J Stephenson, GB AF Liu, Chian Shi, B. Qian, J. Conley, R. Yan, H. Wieczorek, M. Macrander, A. T. Maser, J. Stephenson, G. B. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Full Multilayer Laue Lens for Focusing Hard X-rays SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Nanofocusing; Multilayer Laue Lens; Multilayer; Au-Sn bonding AB Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLLs) were developed by us using dynamic diffraction effects to efficiently focus hard x-rays to very small spots. Using a partial MLL we were able to focus 19.5-keV hard x-rays to a line focus of 16 nm with an efficiency of 31%. A full MLL is a complete linear MLL structure. It can be fabricated by bonding two partial MLL wafers, or by growing the full structure using magnetron sputtering without bonding. A 40-mu m full MLL, with a total of 5166 layers of WSi2 and Si, has been successfully growl by sputter deposition. The layer thicknesses gradually vary from 4 nm to 400 nm and then back to 4 nm. Two coating runs were used to grow the full structure, one for each half. It took over 56 h for each run. A 100-mu m nearly-full MLL was constructed by bonding. Each 50-mu m half-structure has 1788 WSi2 and Si layers with 12-nm to similar to 32-nm thicknesses and similar to 32-mu m total thickness, followed by a thick WSi2 layer of similar to 17 mu m, and an AuSn layer of similar to 1 mu m. Both full MLL structures survived dicing and polishing. The primary results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a full MLL with a doubled numerical aperture and large beam acceptance for hard x-rays. C1 [Liu, Chian; Shi, B.; Qian, J.; Conley, R.; Yan, H.; Wieczorek, M.; Macrander, A. T.; Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.; Stephenson, G. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stephenson, G. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Chicago and Argonne, LLC FX We thank R. Khachatryan, N. Jahedi, and J. Attig for technical assistance and Z. Cai for discussions on traditional zone plates and large-diameter MLLs; all are from Argonne National Laboratory. This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for University of Chicago and Argonne, LLC. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 47 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500010 ER PT S AU Beitra, L Watari, M Matsuura, T Shimamoto, N Harder, R Robinson, I AF Beitra, Loren Watari, Moyu Matsuura, Takashi Shimamoto, Naonobu Harder, Ross Robinson, Ian BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Confocal Microscope Alignment of Nanocrystals for Coherent Diffraction Imaging SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Confocal microscope; coherent x-ray diffraction; gold nanocrystal AB We have installed and tested an Olympus LEXT confocal microscope at the 34-ID-C beamline of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The beamline is for Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD) experiments in which a nanometre-sized crystal is aligned inside a focussed X-ray beam. The microscope was required for three-dimensional (3D) sample alignment to get around sphere-of-confusion issues when locating Bragg peaks in reciprocal space. In this way, and by use of strategic sample preparations, we have succeeded in measuring six Bragg peaks from a single 200nm gold crystal and obtained six projections of its internal displacement field. This enables the clear identification of stacking-fault bands within the crystal. The confocal alignment method will allow a full determination of the strain tensor provided three or more Bragg reflections from the same crystal are found. C1 [Beitra, Loren; Watari, Moyu; Matsuura, Takashi; Robinson, Ian] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Shimamoto, Naonobu] Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robinson, Ian] Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Beitra, L (reprint author), UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, England. RI Shimamoto, Naonobu/D-6708-2012 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463273 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500012 ER PT S AU Chubar, O Chu, YS Kaznatcheev, K Yan, HF AF Chubar, Oleg Chu, Yong S. Kaznatcheev, Konstantine Yan, Hanfei BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Performance Optimization for Hard X-ray Microscopy Beamlines Guided by Partially-Coherent Wavefront Propagation Calculations SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Synchrotron Radiation; Coherence; Wave Optics; Microscopy ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FACILITY SOLEIL; CODE AB Hard x-ray range synchrotron radiation still remains only partially coherent even for ultra-low emittance third. generation sources, such as NSLS-II. On the other hand, many of the scientific goals targeted by new advanced hard x-ray microscopy beamlines - e.g. development of scanning microscopy with nanometer-scale spatial resolution or coherent diffraction imaging microscopy - require high degree of transverse coherence and high radiation flux at a sample. Detailed quantitative prediction of partially-coherent x-ray beam properties at propagation from an undulator, along a beamline with a number of optical elements, can only be obtained from accurate physical-optics based numerical simulations. We present an example of such simulations performed for the NSLS-Il Hard x-ray Nanoprobe beamline using "Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" (SRW) computer code. In addition to tracking of intensity distributions at different locations of the beamline, we include numerical experiments with a two-slit interference scheme into our analysis, in order to characterize transverse coherence of the resulting wavefront. The wavefront propagation method which has been used offers high flexibility in the beamline optimization, allowing to choose optical element parameters for different types of microscopy experiments. C1 [Chubar, Oleg; Chu, Yong S.; Kaznatcheev, Konstantine; Yan, Hanfei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chubar, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014; Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011 OI Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1063/1.3463322 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500015 ER PT S AU Keister, JW Smedley, J Muller, EM Bohon, J AF Keister, J. W. Smedley, J. Muller, E. M. Bohon, J. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Responsivity of Diamond X-ray Photodiodes Calibrated at NSLS SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Diamond; Single Crystal; Detector; Synchrotron; Photocurrent AB Single crystal, high purity synthetic diamond is used as photoabsorption and carrier transport medium in x-ray photodiodes. While the thermal / mechanical robustness and high x-ray transmission of diamond make such devices attractive for synchrotron instrumentation, state-of-the-art quality material and electrical interfaces further make such detectors feasible. The present work develops methodology for attaining calculable responsivity (photocurrent yield) over a wide range of photon energies (0.2 to 28 key) to within 5% accuracy. These methods achieve linear response for up to 0.2 W absorbed x-ray power and response time as low as 1 ns. Details of contact formation / robustness and bias configuration are explored. C1 [Keister, J. W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Dept 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Smedley, J.; Muller, E. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Muller, E. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bohon, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchroton Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bohon, J.] Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Keister, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Dept 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008 FU NSLS; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER41547]; LLC [DEAC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy; Brookhaven Science Associates; LLC operates Brookhaven National Laboratory; National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II; United States Government FX The authors wish to thank Bin Dong, Zhong Zhong, John Toomey and Elaine Dimasi for support of the beamline experiments at NSLS. The authors also wish to thank John Walsh for design and fabrication of sample mounts and Xiangyun Chang for assistance with metallization. The team is further indebted to Veljko Radeka, Pavel Rehak, Peter Siddons, Triveni Rao, Dimitre Dimitrov and Ilan Ben-Zvi for discussion and guidance over the course of this work. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-08ER41547. This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC operates Brookhaven National Laboratory and its facilities, including the National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463372 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500019 ER PT S AU Friedrich, S Drury, OB Hall, J Cantor, R AF Friedrich, Stephan Drury, Owen B. Hall, John Cantor, Robin BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Development of Ta-based Superconducting Tunnel Junction X-ray Detectors for Fluorescence XAS SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Superconducting tunnel junctions; STJ X-ray detectors; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RESOLUTION AB We are developing superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) soft X-ray detectors for chemical analysis of dilute samples by fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Our 36-pixel Nb-based STJ spectrometer covers a solid angle Omega/4 pi approximate to 10(-3), offers an energy resolution of similar to 10-20 eV FWHM for energies up to similar to 1 keV, and can be operated at total count rates of similar to 10(6) counts/s. For increased quantum efficiency and cleaner response function, we have now started the development of Ta-based STJ detector arrays. Initial devices modeled after our Nb-based STJs have an energy resolution below 10 eV FWHM for X-ray energies below 1 keV, and pulse rise time discrimination can be used to improve their response function for energies up to several keV. We discuss the performance of the Ta-STJs and outline steps towards the next-generation of large STJ detector arrays with higher sensitivity. C1 [Friedrich, Stephan; Drury, Owen B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, 7000 East Ave,L-188, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hall, John; Cantor, Robin] STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, 7000 East Ave,L-188, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NASA; Astrobiology Instrumentation (ASTID) program [L-10896]; U. S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was funded by the NASA Astrobiology Instrumentation (ASTID) program under grant L-10896. It was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 101 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463152 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500021 ER PT S AU Fischetti, RF Fuoss, PH Gerig, RE Keane, DT Maclean, JF Mills, DM Neumann, DA Srajer, G AF Fischetti, Robert F. Fuoss, Paul H. Gerig, Rodney E. Keane, Denis T. Maclean, John F. Mills, Dennis M. Neumann, Dan A. Srajer, George BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI A Renewal Plan for the Advanced Photon Source SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Advanced Photon Source; insertion device; beamline; accelerator; front end; monochromator AB With coordination from the APS Renewal Steering Committee (the members of which are the co-authors of this paper), staff and users of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory are in the process of developing a renewal plan for the facility. The renewal is a coordinated upgrade of the accelerator, beamlines, and associated technical structure that will enable users of the APS to address key scientific challenges in the coming decades. The cost of the renewal is estimated to be from $300M to $400M and to take approximately six years from start to finish. C1 [Fischetti, Robert F.; Fuoss, Paul H.; Gerig, Rodney E.; Maclean, John F.; Mills, Dennis M.; Srajer, George] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Keane, Denis T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Neumann, Dan A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mills, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dmm@aps.anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 171 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463166 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500034 ER PT S AU Dufresne, EM Adams, B Arms, DA Chollet, M Landahl, EC Li, YL Walko, DA Wang, J AF Dufresne, Eric M. Adams, Bernhard Arms, Dohn A. Chollet, Matthieu Landahl, Eric C. Li, Yuelin Walko, Donald A. Wang, Jin BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Time-Resolved Research at the Advanced Photon Source Beam line 7-ID SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Ultrafast lasers; pump-probe experiments; time-resolved diffraction and spectroscopy AB The Sector 7 undulator beamline (7-ID) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is dedicated to time-resolved x-ray research and is capable of ultrafast measurements on the order of 100 ps. Beamline 7-ID has a laser laboratory featuring a Ti:Sapphire system (average power of 2.5 W, pulse duration <50 fs, repetition rate 1-5 kHz) that can be synchronized to the bunch pattern of the storage ring. The laser is deliverable to x-ray enclosures, which contain diffractometers, as well as motorized optical tables for table-top experiments. Beamline 7-ID has a single APS Undulator A and uses a diamond (111) double-crystal monochromator, providing good energy resolution over a range of 6-24 keV. Available optics include Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors to microfocus the x-ray beam. A variety of time-resolved diffraction and spectroscopy research is available at 7-ID, with experiments being done in the atomic, molecular, optical, chemistry, and solid state (bulk and surface) fields. C1 [Dufresne, Eric M.; Adams, Bernhard; Arms, Dohn A.; Chollet, Matthieu; Li, Yuelin; Walko, Donald A.; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Landahl, Eric C.] De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463168 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500036 ER PT S AU Huang, XR Macrander, AT AF Huang, XianRong Macrander, Albert T. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Influence of Stacking Faults on Diffraction Properties of Diamond by Synchrotron Topographic Imaging SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Diamond crystals; X-ray optics; stacking faults; defects; characterization AB Diamond crystals are becoming more important or indispensable as critical 3rd- and 4th-generation synchrotron optical components. However, diamond generally contains various defects, among which stacking faults (SFs) are most detrimental since they are planar defects that can exist in all kinds of diamonds with dimensions up to square millimeters. Here we introduce our topographic studies of common defects and particularly SFs in diamonds. In monochromatic topography, SFs show strong black contrast on the rocking curve tails, thus broadening the rocking curve width and reducing the cleanness of the diffraction spectrum. On the Bragg peak, SFs appear as white-line contrast (absence of diffraction), indicating that they can significantly reduce the Bragg reflectivity. SFs always show black contrast in white-beam topography caused by the simultaneous diffraction of a range of wavelengths from the SFs. These results may provide clear guidelines for understanding the performance of diamonds in synchrotron optics and also for diamond crystal growth. C1 [Huang, XianRong; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500038 ER PT S AU Kirkham, R Dunn, PA Kuczewski, AJ Siddons, DP Dodanwela, R Moorhead, GF Ryan, CG De Geronimo, G Beuttenmuller, R Pinelli, D Pfeffer, M Davey, P Jensen, M Paterson, DJ de Jonge, MD Howard, DL Kusel, M McKinlay, J AF Kirkham, R. Dunn, P. A. Kuczewski, A. J. Siddons, D. P. Dodanwela, R. Moorhead, G. F. Ryan, C. G. De Geronimo, G. Beuttenmuller, R. Pinelli, D. Pfeffer, M. Davey, P. Jensen, M. Paterson, D. J. de Jonge, M. D. Howard, D. L. Kuesel, M. McKinlay, J. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI The Maia Spectroscopy Detector System: Engineering for Integrated Pulse Capture, Low-Latency Scanning and Real-Time Processing SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Silicon detector array; real-time processing; SXRF imaging; X-ray microprobe AB The Maia detector system is engineered for energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and elemental imaging at photon rates exceeding 10(7)/s, integrated scanning of samples for pixel transit times as small as 50 mu s and high definition images of 10(8) pixels and real-time processing of detected events for spectral deconvolution and online display of pure elemental images. The system developed by CSIRO and BNL combines a planar silicon 384 detector array, application-specific integrated circuits for pulse shaping and peak detection and sampling and optical data transmission to an FPGA-based pipelined, parallel processor. This paper describes the system and the underpinning engineering solutions. C1 [Kirkham, R.; Dunn, P. A.; Dodanwela, R.; Moorhead, G. F.; Ryan, C. G.; Davey, P.; Jensen, M.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Kuczewski, A. J.; Siddons, D. P.; Pfeffer, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [De Geronimo, G.; Beuttenmuller, R.; Pinelli, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Paterson, D. J.; de Jonge, M. D.; Howard, D. L.; Kuesel, M.; McKinlay, J.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [McKinlay, J.] ALBA Synchrotron Light Fac, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. RP Kirkham, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Kirkham, Robin/C-9786-2010; Davey, Peter/D-6746-2012; Dunn, Paul/D-6721-2012; Jensen, Murray/E-8265-2012; Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Kirkham, Robin/0000-0003-1012-3496; Jensen, Murray/0000-0002-2247-4421; Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; NR 11 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 240 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463181 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500048 ER PT S AU Shu, DM AF Shu, Deming BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Nanopositioning techniques development for synchrotron radiation instrumentation applications at the Advanced Photon Source SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE nanopositioning; weak-link; flexure; laser interferometric encoder; x-ray nanoprobe; x-ray monochromator ID RESONANT SCATTERING; SYSTEM; RESOLUTION AB At modern synchrotron radiation sources and beamlines, high-precision positioning techniques present a significant opportunity to support state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation research. Meanwhile, the required instrument positioning performance and capabilities, such as resolution, dynamic range, repeatability, speed, and multiple axes synchronization are exceeding the limit of commercial availability. This paper presents the current nanopositioning techniques developed for the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM)/Advanced Photon Source (APS) hard x-ray nanoprobe and high-resolution x-ray monochromators and analyzers for the APS X-ray Operations and Research (XOR) beamlines. Future nanopositioning techniques to be developed for the APS renewal project will also be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500052 ER PT S AU Kropf, AJ Katsoudas, J Chattopadhyay, S Shibata, T Lang, EA Zyryanov, VN Ravel, B McIvor, K Kemner, KM Scheckel, KG Bare, SR Terry, J Kelly, SD Bunker, BA Segre, CU AF Kropf, A. J. Katsoudas, J. Chattopadhyay, S. Shibata, T. Lang, E. A. Zyryanov, V. N. Ravel, B. McIvor, K. Kemner, K. M. Scheckel, K. G. Bare, S. R. Terry, J. Kelly, S. D. Bunker, B. A. Segre, C. U. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI The New MRCAT (Sector 10) Bending Magnet Beamline at the Advanced Photon Source SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE bending magnet; beamline; EXAFS; tomography; lithography AB The Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MRCAT) has completed construction of its bending magnet beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, with commissioning ongoing since October 2008. Full operations including General User access will begin in January 2010. The beamline is designed to operate in two distinct modes: pink beam for lithography, photochemistry and tomography; and monochromatic beam for x-ray absorption spectroscopy and tomography. Pink beam is obtained by means of a 880 mm water cooled Pt mirror combined with filters, while monochromatic beam is selected using a water-cooled double-crystal Si(111) monochromator, providing an energy range from below 4 keV to greater than 33 keV. Switching between modes is accomplished in under one hour. C1 [Kropf, A. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, CSE Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kropf, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CSE Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 NR 1 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1063/1.3463194 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500060 ER PT S AU Reininger, R Sanchez-Hanke, C Hulbert, SL AF Reininger, R. Sanchez-Hanke, C. Hulbert, S. L. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI A Beamline for Fast Polarization Switching at NSLS-II SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Monochromator; Variable-line-spacing grating; polarization; fast switching ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; OPTICS AB The first XUV beamline (200-2000 eV) at NSLS-11 will have two branches, one optimized for photon hungry experiments requiring high coherent flux and one optimized for studies of polarization sensitive materials and interfaces based on fast polarization switching. We describe here the branch designed for fast polarization switching with frequencies up to 1 kHz, high photon flux, and good energy resolution. The beamline will be served by two canted undulators and is based on the focusing variable line spacing grating monochromator. The two beams will be focused at the same spot of approximately 80x10 mu m(2) (hor.xver.). The expected circular polarized flux at the sample from each device up to 1.4 keV will be higher than 10(12) photons/s at a resolving power better than 10(4). An additional KB focusing system will deliver the two beams to a spot in the mu m range. C1 [Reininger, R.; Sanchez-Hanke, C.; Hulbert, S. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reininger, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1063/1.3463219 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500081 ER PT S AU Yoder, DW Sanishvili, R Vogt, S Xu, S Makarov, O Benn, R Corcoran, S Fischetti, RF AF Yoder, D. W. Sanishvili, R. Vogt, S. Xu, S. Makarov, O. Benn, R. Corcoran, S. Fischetti, R. F. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI One-Micron Beams for Macromolecular Crystallography at GM/CA-CAT SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE X-ray focusing; Fresnel zone plate; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror; microfocus; macromolecular crystallography ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RADIATION-DAMAGE AB GM/CA-CAT has developed a 1-mu m beam for challenging micro-diffraction experiments with macromolecular crystals (e.g. small crystals) and for radiation damage studies. Reflective (Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors) and diffractive (Fresnel zone plates) optics have been used to focus the beam. Both cases are constrained by the need to maintain a small beam convergence. Using two different zone plates, 1.0 x 1.0 and 0.8 X 0.9 mu m(2) (V x H, FWHM) beams were created at 15.2 keV and 18.5 keV, respectively. Additionally, by introducing a vertical focusing mirror upstream of the zone plate, a line focus at 15.2 keV was created (28 x 1.4 mu m(2) V x H, FWHM) with the line oriented perpendicular to the X-ray polarization and the crystal rotation axis. Crystal-mounting stages with nanometer resolution have been assembled to profile these beams and to perform diffraction experiments. C1 [Yoder, D. W.; Sanishvili, R.; Vogt, S.; Xu, S.; Makarov, O.; Benn, R.; Corcoran, S.; Fischetti, R. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GMCA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yoder, DW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GMCA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU U.S. Department of Health; Human Services through the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Y1-GM-1104]; National Cancer Institute [Y1-CO-1020]; both member institutes of the National Institutes of Health FX GM/CA-CAT is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Y1-GM-1104) and the National Cancer Institute (Y1-CO-1020), both member institutes of the National Institutes of Health. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 419 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463229 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500090 ER PT S AU Rose, V Freeland, JW AF Rose, Volker Freeland, John W. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Nanoscale chemical imaging using synchrotron x-ray enhanced scanning tunneling microscopy SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE X-ray absorption; scanning tunneling microscopy; x-ray microscopy AB The combination of synchrotron radiation with scanning tunneling microscopy provides a promising new concept for chemical imaging of nanoscale structures. It employs detection of local x-ray absorption, which directly yields chemical, electronic, and magnetic sensitivity. The study of the tip current in the far field (800 nm tip/sample separation) shows that insulator-coated tips have to be considered in order to reduce the background from stray photoelectron. A picture of the different channels contributing to the x-ray enhanced STM process is proposed. If during electron tunneling the sample is illuminated with monochromatic x-rays, characteristic absorption will arise, and core electrons are excited, which might modulate the conventional tunnel current and facilitate chemical imaging at the nanoscale. C1 [Rose, Volker; Freeland, John W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rose, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1063/1.3463236 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500096 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Maser, J AF Shu, Deming Maser, Jorg BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Study of precision weak-link stage systems with large travel range and sub-nanometer-scale resolution SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE nanopositioning; weak-link; flexure; x-ray nanoprobe AB To use x-ray optics with nanometer resolution limit, scanning x-ray nanoprobes with corresponding mechanical positioning capability need to be designed. In particular, positioning stages with both sub-nanometer resolution and a positioning/scanning range of several millimeters are required. Based on our design of precision weak-link stages with interferometric encoders for the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) hard x-ray nanoprobe at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) Sector 26, we have developed a new two-dimensional (2-D) weak-link stage system for nanopositioning of a specimen holder. This system provides sub-nanometer resolution, coupled with sub-nanometer metrology at a travel range of several millimeters. The 2-D weak-link stage system is designed with high structure stiffness using laminar overconstrained weak-link mechanisms [4-6]. In this paper we present the study of a linear precision weak-link stage system with sub-centimeter travel range and sub-nanometer positioning resolution. Design of a rotary weak-link stage system with 10-nrad resolution and 10-degree-level travel range is also discussed in this paper. C1 [Shu, Deming; Maser, Jorg] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500097 ER PT S AU Kilcoyne, D Ade, H Attwood, D Hitchcock, A McKean, P Mitchell, G Monteiro, P Tyliszczak, T Warwick, T AF Kilcoyne, David Ade, Harald Attwood, David Hitchcock, Adam McKean, Pat Mitchell, Gary Monteiro, Paulo Tyliszczak, Tolek Warwick, Tony BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI A new Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope at the ALS for operation up to 2500eVr4 SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE x-ray scanning microscope AB We report on the design and construction of a higher energy Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope on a new bend magnet beam line at the Advanced Light Source. Previously we have operated such an instrument on a bend magnet for C, N and O 1s NEXAFS spectroscopy. The new instrument will have similar performance at higher energies up to and including the S 1s edge at 2472eV. A new microscope configuration is planned. A more open geometry will allow a fluorescence detector to count emitted photons from the front surface of the sample. There will be a capability for zone plate scanning in addition to the more conventional sample scanning mode. This will add the capability for imaging a massive sample at high resolution over a limited field of view, so that heavy reaction cells may be used to study processes in-situ, exploiting the longer photon attenuation length and the longer zone plate working distances available at higher photon energy. The energy range will extend down to include the C1s edge at 300eV, to allow high energy NEXAFS microscopic studies to correlate with the imaging of organics in the same sample region of interest. C1 [Kilcoyne, David; McKean, Pat; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Warwick, Tony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, Harald] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC, England. [Attwood, David] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA, England. [Hitchcock, Adam] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Mitchell, Gary] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI USA. [Monteiro, Paulo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA, England. RP Kilcoyne, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 465 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463241 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500101 ER PT S AU Borland, M Decker, G Dejus, R Harkay, K Moog, E Nassiri, A AF Borland, M. Decker, G. Dejus, R. Harkay, K. Moog, E. Nassiri, A. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Changes to the Advanced Photon Source storage ring as part of the APS renewal project SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Radiation sources; Storage rings AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation, storage-ring-based x-ray source that has been operating for more than 13 years and is enjoying a long period of stable, reliable operation. While APS is presently providing state-of-the-art performance to its large user community, we must clearly plan for improvements and upgrades to stay at the forefront scientifically. Significant improvements should be possible through upgrades of beamline optics, detectors, and end-station equipment. In this paper, we discuss the evolutionary changes that are envisioned for the storage ring itself. Among the possibilities are long straight sections, additional straight sections, higher current, short-pulse x-rays, improved insertion devices, and improved beam stability. C1 [Borland, M.; Decker, G.; Dejus, R.; Harkay, K.; Moog, E.; Nassiri, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borland, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1063/1.3463252 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500111 ER PT S AU Borland, M Dong, XW Li, YL AF Borland, Michael Dong, Xiaowei Li, Yuelin BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Progress on an energy recovery linac upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Radiation sources; Linear accelerators AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation storage-ring-based x-ray source that has been operating for more than 13 years and is enjoying a long period of stable, reliable operation. However, major accelerator upgrades are being investigated in order to maintain scientific relevance into the future. One very promising possibility is the use of an energy recovery linac (ERL). In this option, APS would transition from a source based on a stored electron beam to one based on a continuously generated high-brightness electron beam from a linac. Such a source promises dramatically improved brightness and transverse coherence compared to third-generation storage rings. We present a new design for an ERL upgrade that incorporates very long insertion devices. We show that operation at high electron beam energy provides the promise of extremely high brightness for hard x-rays. We also show results of the first start-to-end simulations of an ERL-based x-ray source. C1 [Borland, Michael; Dong, Xiaowei; Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borland, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1063/1.3463253 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500112 ER PT S AU Madur, A Trillaud, F Dietderich, D Marks, S Prestemon, S Schlueter, R AF Madur, A. Trillaud, F. Dietderich, D. Marks, S. Prestemon, S. Schlueter, R. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Superconducting switch concept applied to superconducting undulator phase-error correction SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Superconducting undulator; phase-errors; active shimming AB Superconducting undulator (SCU) technology has the potential to significantly enhance the performance of synchrotron radiation sources for storage ring and FEL applications. Since 2002, our team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been performing R&D on superconducting undulators, including the fabrication of three Nb(3)Sn prototypes. We have demonstrated experimentally the possibility to provide the prototype with trim coils that could be used for phase error correction. The research effort that we report here demonstrates the possibility to add degrees of freedom to the field correction provided by these coils in a cryogenic environment. By means of bridge of superconducting switches, we can modify the current direction through a trim coil. Here we describe the design of the experimental bridge we fabricated, the results we obtained and finally the generalized concept one could plan to apply to correct the phase errors with trim coils connected to a network of superconducting bridges. C1 [Madur, A.; Trillaud, F.; Dietderich, D.; Marks, S.; Prestemon, S.; Schlueter, R.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Madur, A (reprint author), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1063/1.3463264 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500122 ER PT S AU Steier, C Bailey, B Baptiste, K Barry, W Biocca, A Byrne, W Casey, P Chin, M Donahue, R Duarte, R Fahmie, M Gath, B Jacobson, S Julian, J Jung, JY Kritscher, M Kwiatkowski, S Marks, S McKean, P Mueller, R Nishimura, H ONeill, J Portmann, G Prestemon, S Robin, D Rossi, S Sannibale, F Scarvie, T Schlueter, R Shuman, D Smith-Baumann, A Stover, G Timossi, C Wan, W Warwick, T Wells, R Weber, J Williams, E AF Steier, C. Bailey, B. Baptiste, K. Barry, W. Biocca, A. Byrne, W. Casey, P. Chin, M. Donahue, R. Duarte, R. Fahmie, M. Gath, B. Jacobson, S. Julian, J. Jung, J. Y. Kritscher, M. Kwiatkowski, S. Marks, S. McKean, P. Mueller, R. Nishimura, H. ONeill, J. Portmann, G. Prestemon, S. Robin, D. Rossi, S. Sannibale, F. Scarvie, T. Schlueter, R. Shuman, D. Smith-Baumann, A. Stover, G. Timossi, C. Wan, W. Warwick, T. Wells, R. Weber, J. Williams, E. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Successful Completion of the Top-off Upgrade of the Advanced Light Source SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Synchrotron Light Source; Storage Ring; Injection; Brightness AB An upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) to enable top-off operation has been completed during the last four years. The final work centered around radiation safety aspects, culminating in a systematic proof that top-off operation is equally safe as decaying beam operation. Commissioning and transition to full user operations happened in late 2008 and early 2009. Top-off operation at the ALS provides a very large increase in lime-averaged brightness (by about a factor of 10) as well as improvements in beam stability. The following sections provide an overview of the radiation safety rationale, commissioning results, as well as experience in user operations. C1 [Steier, C.; Bailey, B.; Baptiste, K.; Barry, W.; Biocca, A.; Byrne, W.; Casey, P.; Chin, M.; Donahue, R.; Duarte, R.; Fahmie, M.; Gath, B.; Jacobson, S.; Julian, J.; Jung, J. Y.; Kritscher, M.; Kwiatkowski, S.; Marks, S.; McKean, P.; Mueller, R.; Nishimura, H.; ONeill, J.; Portmann, G.; Prestemon, S.; Robin, D.; Rossi, S.; Sannibale, F.; Scarvie, T.; Schlueter, R.; Shuman, D.; Smith-Baumann, A.; Stover, G.; Timossi, C.; Wan, W.; Warwick, T.; Wells, R.; Weber, J.; Williams, E.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Steier, C (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CSteier@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1063/1.3463270 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500128 ER PT S AU Corbett, J Cheng, WX Fisher, AS Mok, W Westerman, S AF Corbett, Jeff Cheng, Weixing Fisher, Alan S. Mok, Walter Westerman, Stuart BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Visible Light Diagnostics at SPEAR3 SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron AB The visible light diagnostic beam line at SPEAR3 utilizes dipole radiation extracted through an ID exit port to evaluate electron beam properties at a variety of diagnostic end-stations. The unfocused SR light is collected 17m from the source point by a 150mm diameter, f=2m lens and optically relayed to the appropriate station. For transverse imaging, an image-intensified PiMax camera with 2ns Rate allows measurement of fast beam dynamics for either the stored beam or the injected beam. For these applications the visible light is switched into either a standard symmetric-lens transport line or a beam-shaping transport line equipped with cylindrical lenses and a rotating mirror to sweep the beam image across the camera photocathode. A separate two slit stellar-interferometer branch line can resolve the diffraction-limited vertical beam height down to about 10 mu m. For longitudinal charge profile measurements, the light is switched to a Hamamatsu C5680 streak camera with net system resolution of similar to 2.5ps rms. In this paper we outline the main photon beam transport line, review the SR beam properties and describe measurement capabilities at each diagnostic station. C1 [Corbett, Jeff; Fisher, Alan S.; Mok, Walter; Westerman, Stuart] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94306 USA. [Cheng, Weixing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Corbett, J (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94306 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 637 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463286 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500142 ER PT S AU Dvorak, J Berman, L Hulbert, SL Siddons, DP Wallwork, K AF Dvorak, Joseph Berman, Lonny Hulbert, Steven L. Siddons, D. Peter Wallwork, Kia BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Simple Tools for Characterization of Synchrotron Beam Flux, Energy Resolution and Stability SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE synchrotron radiation; synchrotron beamline characterization; energy resolution AB Flux is a simple yet key indicator of overall beamline alignment. For many synchrotron measurements, the energy resolution and reproducibility are important characteristics as well. However. many beamlines do not have diffractometers capable of measuring the energy resolution in the experimental hutches. For absolute flux measurements, we have found that thickness calibrated Si photodiodes make very convenient, robust detectors capable of handling a wide flux range. For measuring the energy resolution, we have developed a simple, portable instrument analyzer applicable to any beamline with a scanning monochromator. This same instrument is capable of measuring the energy stability and reproducibility as well. We have used these to characterize many of the beamlines on the NSLS X-ray ring, and will present the methods and our experience to date to demonstrate their usefulness. C1 [Dvorak, Joseph; Berman, Lonny; Hulbert, Steven L.; Siddons, D. Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wallwork, Kia] Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of energy ice of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank the NSLS beamline mechanical technicians A. Lenhard, S. Cheung, G. Nintzel, D. Carlson, W. Struble nd R. Greene for expert crystal cutting and polishing, and essential machining support. Use of the Ntional ynchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of energy ice of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 645 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463289 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500144 ER PT S AU Quintana, JP AF Quintana, John P. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Automation Improvements for Synchrotron Based Small Angle Scattering Using an Inexpensive Robotics Platform SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE Instrumentation; robot; sample changer AB This paper reports on the progress toward creating semi-autonomous motion control platforms for beamline applications using the iRobot Create (R) platform. The goal is to create beamline research instrumentation where the motion paths are based on the local environment rather than position commanded from a control system, have low integration costs and also be scalable and easily maintainable. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, APS Engn Support Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Quintana, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 728 EP 731 DI 10.1063/1.3463313 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500165 ER PT S AU Warwick, T Padmore, H Voronov, D Yashchuk, V AF Warwick, Tony Padmore, Howard Voronov, Dmitriy Yashchuk, Valeriy BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI A Soft X-ray Spectrometer using a Highly Dispersive Multilayer Grating SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X ray A s, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE RIXS; inelastic x-ray; scattering; spectrometer; multilayer; gratings AB There is a need for higher resolution spectrometers as a tool for inelastic x-ray scattering. Currently, resolving power around R=10,000 is advertised. Measured RIXS spectra are often limited by this instrumental resolution and higher resolution spectrometers using conventional gratings would be prohibitively large. We are engaged in a development program to build blazed multilayer grating structures for diffracting soft x-rays in high order. This leads to spectrometers with dispersion much higher than is possible using metal coated-gratings. The higher dispersion then provides higher resolution and the multilayer gratings are capable of operating away from grazing incidence as required. A spectrometer design is presented with a total length 3.8m and capable of 10(5) resolving power. C1 [Warwick, Tony; Padmore, Howard; Voronov, Dmitriy; Yashchuk, Valeriy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warwick, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 776 EP 780 DI 10.1063/1.3463327 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500177 ER PT S AU Yuan, S Yashchuk, VV Goldberg, KA Celestre, R Church, M McKinney, WR Morrison, G Warwick, T AF Yuan, Sheng Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Goldberg, Kenneth A. Celestre, Rich Church, Matthew McKinney, Wayne R. Morrison, Greg Warwick, Tony BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Surface Slope Metrology on Deformable Soft X-ray Mirrors SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE x-ray; KB mirror; bender; surface slope; wavefront measurement; at-wavelength; in situ testing AB We report on the current state of surface slope metrology on deformable mirrors for soft x-rays at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). While we are developing techniques for in situ at-wavelength tuning, we are refining methods of ex situ visible-light optical metrology to achieve sub-100-nrad accuracy. This paper reports on laboratory studies, measurements and tuning of a deformable test-KB mirror prior to its use. The test mirror was bent to a much different optical configuration than its original design, achieving a 0.38 micro-radian residual slope error. Modeling shows that in some cases, by including the image conjugate distance as an additional free parameter in the alignment, along with the two force couples, fourth-order tangential shape errors (the so-called bird shape) can be reduced or eliminated. C1 [Yuan, Sheng; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Celestre, Rich; Church, Matthew; McKinney, Wayne R.; Morrison, Greg; Warwick, Tony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldberg, Kenneth A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 789 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500180 ER PT S AU Walko, DA Arms, DA Dufresne, EM Landahl, EC AF Walko, D. A. Arms, D. A. Dufresne, E. M. Landahl, E. C. BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Optimal Countrates for Deadtime Corrections SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE deadtime correction; counting detector; synchrotron radiation; data correction ID X-RAYS; DETECTORS AB The high x-ray flux available at synchrotron radiation sources can cause nonlinearities in photon-counting detectors unless deadtime corrections are employed. We compute the uncertainties associated with several common deadtime-correction formulas. At lower countrates, statistical noise dominates the error in the measured countrates; at higher countrates, the dominating factors are saturation of the response and uncertainty in the value of the deadtime parameter. In between, a range of countrates exists in which the signal-to-noise ratio can be optimized for photon-counting experiments. C1 [Walko, D. A.; Arms, D. A.; Dufresne, E. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Landahl, E. C.] De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Walko, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 856 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463349 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500196 ER PT S AU Yoon, PS Siddons, DP AF Yoon, Phil S. Siddons, D. Peter BE Garrett, R Gentle, I Nugent, K Wilkins, S TI Fluorescence-type Monochromatic X-ray Beam-position Monitor with High-spatial Resolution for the NSLS-II Beamlines SO SRI 2009: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Synchrotron, State Govt Victoria, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res, Elsevier, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Australian Res Council, Mol & Mat Struct Network, JJ X-Rray A/S, Lightsources HO Australian Synchrotron DE X-ray Detectors; Position-sensitive Detectors; X-ray Beams; X-ray Fluorescence AB We developed a fluorescence-type monochromatic X-ray beam-position monitor (X-BPM) with high-spatial resolution for end-station experiments at the initial project beamlines of the NSLS-II. We designed a ring array of multi-segmented Si PIN-junction photodiodes to use as a position sensor. Further, we integrated a low-noise charge-preamplification HERMES4 ASIC chip into an electronic readout system for photon-counting application. A series of precision measurements to characterize electronically the Si-photodiode sensor and the ASIC chip demonstrated that the inherent noise from the detector system is sufficiently low to meet our stringent requirements. Using a Gaussian beam, we parametrically modeled the optimum working distance to ensure the detector's best performance. Based upon the results from the parametric modeling, prototypes of the next versions of the X-BPM are being developed. In this paper, we describe the methodology for developing the new compact monochromatic X-ray BPM, including its instrumentation, detector modeling, and future plan. C1 [Yoon, Phil S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Expt Facil Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Siddons, D. Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Expt Syst, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yoon, PS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Expt Facil Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yoon@bnl.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSLS-II Experimental Facility Division; NSLS Experimental Systems; Instrumentation Division of the Brookhaven National Laboratory FX This research work was supported by the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. We would like to gratefully acknowledge support and provisions made by the NSLS-II Experimental Facility Division, the NSLS Experimental Systems, and the Instrumentation Division of the Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0782-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1234 BP 860 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3463351 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BRU32 UT WOS:000283705500197 ER EF