FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schneider, KP Huang, Z Yang, B Hauer, M Nieplocha, Y AF Schneider, K. P. Huang, Z. Yang, Bo Hauer, M. Nieplocha, Y. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Dynamic State Estimation Utilizing High Performance Computing Methods SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Dynamic Simulation; Dynamic State Estimation; Kalman Filter; Power System Operations; State Estimation AB The state estimation tools which are currently deployed in power system control rooms are based on a quasi-steady-state assumption. As a result, the suite of operational tools that rely on state estimation results as inputs do not have dynamic information available and their accuracy is compromised. This paper presents an overview of the Kalman Filtering process and then focuses on the implementation of the predication component on multiple processors. C1 [Schneider, K. P.; Huang, Z.; Hauer, M.; Nieplocha, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yang, Bo] Gen Elect Schenectady, Schenectady 12345, NY USA. RP Schneider, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; bo2yang@ge.com; mathew.hauer@pnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX This work was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 523 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500084 ER PT J AU Stamp, J McIntyre, A Ricardson, B AF Stamp, Jason McIntyre, Annie Ricardson, Bryan GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Reliability Impacts from Cyber Attack on Electric Power Systems SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Power system reliability; computer network security; power system protection; SCADA systems AB The level of risk from cyber attack against control systems used in the electrical grid is uncertain. At various times, the likelihood of attack, the availability of opportunity in the form of cyber vulnerabilities, the impact to the power system, and the consequences have all been debated at length. This research addresses the issue of grid impacts from cyber attack. (The remaining issues are not considered; as such, intent and opportunity are assumed.) One significant part of the analysis is the development of a Cyber-to-Physical (C2P) bridge, which links cyber attack vectors to resulting events in the Electric Power Grid (EPG); for example, a successful cyber penetration of a protective relay in a substation may result in an unplanned breaker trip. The analysis approach calculates an estimate of the grid performance degradation of cyber attacks, as they affect system reliability. The work models cyber attack in terms of unexpected outages to grid equipment; this way, for a given probability of cyber attack, the additional degradation to system reliability that results may be quantitatively determined. After simulation, the difference in reliability (with or without cyber attack) is the average grid impact for a given attack probability. This report includes tests for the algorithm to show its efficacy and versatility for analysis of various cyber impacts. With refinement, the proposed approach could be used as an important tool for control system risk analysis. C1 [Stamp, Jason; McIntyre, Annie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Syst Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ricardson, Bryan] New Mexico State Univ, BAtchelor Sci Degree Elect Engn, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Stamp, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Syst Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) program at the United States Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported by the National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) program at the United States Department of Energys Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 811 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500138 ER PT J AU Dagle, JE AF Dagle, J. E. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Cyber Security of the Electric Power Grid SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE computer security; interconnected power systems AB Economic security and quality of life in modern society depend on the reliable supply and delivery of electric power. New cyber security vulnerabilities are emerging that introduce new risks to the Nation's electric power grid. This presentation will describe issues, trends, and research opportunities for enhancing the cyber security of control systems associated with electric power system operations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jdagle@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 850 EP 851 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500147 ER PT J AU Tufon, C Isemonger, A Kirby, B Kueck, J Li, FX AF Tufon, Christopher Isemonger, Alan Kirby, Brendan Kueck, John Li, Fangxing GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI A Tariff for Reactive Power SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Inverter; Power Factor; Reactive Power; Tariff; Voltage Regulation AB This paper describes a suggested tariff or payment for the local supply of reactive power from distributed energy resources. The authors consider four sample customers, and estimate the cost of supply of reactive power for each customer. The power system savings from the local supply of reactive power are also estimated for a hypothetical circuit. It is found that reactive power for local voltage regulation could be supplied to the distribution system economically by customers when new inverters are installed. The inverter would be supplied with a power factor of 0.8, and would be capable of local voltage regulation to a schedule supplied by the utility. Inverters are now installed with photovoltaic systems, fuel cells and microturbines, and adjustable-speed motor drives. C1 [Tufon, Christopher] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Isemonger, Alan] Calif Independent Syst Operat, Folsom 95630, CA USA. [Kirby, Brendan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knowledge Preservat Program, Folsom 95630, CA USA. [Kueck, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Tufon, C (reprint author), Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM czt1@pge.com RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported in by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity and Energy Reliability. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 1108 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500195 ER PT J AU Du, P Nelson, JK AF Du, P. Nelson, J. K. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Two-step Solution to Optimal Load Shedding in a Micro-grid SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Islanding; distributed generation; optimal load shedding ID POWER-SYSTEMS AB Intentional islanding (referred to a micro-grid) holds promise to improve power system reliability and power quality due to its more flexible control. To operate intentional islanding successfully, more efficient and robust control methods are required. A new concept is developed as an enhancement to the application of optimal load shedding for corrective control to support an islanded power system. The new proposal is comprised of two major stages in which one nonlinear optimization problem and one linear integer optimization problem are formulated. Numerical simulations conducted on a 15-bus system have demonstrated the performance of the new algorithm. C1 [Du, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, 906 Battelle Blvd,K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nelson, J. K.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Du, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, 906 Battelle Blvd,K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Pengwei.du@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 1461 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500248 ER PT S AU Schneider, KP Chen, Y Engle, D Chassin, D AF Schneider, K. P. Chen, Y. Engle, D. Chassin, D. GP IEEE TI A Taxonomy of North American Radial Distribution Feeders SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE distribution system analysis; test systems AB This paper presents a set of radial distribution test feeders that are representative of those found in the various regions of the Continental United States. The purpose of publishing these distribution feeder models is to facilitate the analysis of new smart grid technologies. C1 [Schneider, K. P.] Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Chen, Y.; Engle, D.; Chassin, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schneider, KP (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; dave.engel@pnl.gov; david.chassin@pnl.gov FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S; Department of Energy (DOE [DEAC05-76RLO1830] FX This work was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DEAC05-76RLO1830. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 8 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900003 ER PT S AU Singh, M Faria, K Santoso, S Muljadi, E AF Singh, M. Faria, K. Santoso, S. Muljadi, E. GP IEEE TI Validation and Analysis of Wind Power Plant Models Using Short-Circuit Field Measurement Data SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc ID FED INDUCTION GENERATOR AB This paper describes the use of field measurements to validate a wind power plant model. A three-phase time-domain wind power plant model, based on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council generic model, has been developed with this validation in mind. The available fault data consists of the three-phase voltages and currents measured at the point of interconnection (POI) of the wind plant with the grid. For validation, the measured voltage data is injected into the simulation model and the current response from the model is compared to the measured current data from the real-world wind plant Real power and reactive power flows calculated from the measured data and the model output are compared. The advantage of this validation method, namely use of currents in addition to real and reactive power flows, is also discussed. Comparison with a positive-sequence model is also provided. C1 [Singh, M.; Faria, K.; Santoso, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Muljadi, E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ssantoso@mail.utexas.edu; Eduard_Muljadi@nrel.gov FU Department of Energy and the California Energy Commission FX This work is supported in part by the Department of Energy and the California Energy Commission. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Abraham Ellis and Public Service Company of New Mexico, for sharing the field data used in this paper. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 428 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900072 ER PT B AU Ela, E Milligan, M Parsons, B Lew, D Corbus, D AF Ela, Erik Milligan, Michael Parsons, Brian Lew, Debra Corbus, David GP IEEE TI The Evolution of Wind Power Integration Studies: Past, Present, and Future SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Power system economics; power system operations; power system planning; power system reliability; power systems; wind energy; wind power generation AB The rapid growth of wind power as a generation resource in the past decade has given many utilities and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO) concerns due to its unconventional characteristics. Because of these concerns, many of these entities have initiated studies that evaluate the feasibility of large amounts of wind power onto their system and the operational impacts present. This paper will discuss some of the past major studies, mostly focusing on the United States, and the basic methodologies that were used during these studies. The paper will also review many of the different results and conclusions of the studies and discuss how they have helped the power industry as a whole. Lastly, the authors will attempt to share their ideas on some of the limitations of the current and past integration studies, and some insight on how these may be evolving in the future. C1 [Ela, Erik; Milligan, Michael; Parsons, Brian; Lew, Debra; Corbus, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ela, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM erik_ela@nrel.gov; michael_milligan@nrel.gov; brian_parsons@nrel.gov; debra_lew@nrel.gov; david_corbus@nrel.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 659 EP 666 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900106 ER PT S AU Dosiek, L Pierre, JW Trudnowski, DJ Zhou, N AF Dosiek, L. Pierre, J. W. Trudnowski, D. J. Zhou, N. GP IEEE TI A Channel Matching Approach for Estimating Electromechanical Mode Shape and Coherence SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electromechanical dynamics; coherence; mode shape; small-signal stability; synchronized phasor measurements; system identification ID POWER-SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE; SIGNALS; DESIGN AB A method of estimating a power system's electromechanical mode shape and coherence from time,synchronized phasor measurements is presented. The approach uses a parametric estimate of the transfer function (TF) between signals at different buses throughout the power system. The relationship between the TF and mode shape and coherence is reviewed. A non-causal autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model is used in a least squares (LS) minimization to estimate the TF parameters and to estimate the magnitude squared coherence function. The method is applied to both a simulated system and measured data from the western North American power system and is compared to the traditional Welch periodogram averaging approach. C1 [Dosiek, L.; Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Trudnowski, D. J.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT USA. [Zhou, N.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Dosiek, L (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ldosiek@uwyo.edu; pierre@uwyo.edu; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu; ning.zhou@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFC26-06NT42750] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFC26-06NT42750. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 793 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900128 ER PT B AU Dagle, JE AF Dagle, J. E. GP IEEE TI The North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE electric variables measurement; phase measurement; phase synchronization; power system measurements AB The North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) is a joint effort between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). The goal is to improve power system reliability through wide-area measurement, monitoring and control. This will be achieved by facilitating a robust, widely available and secure synchronized data measurement infrastructure for the interconnected North American electric power system. It also includes associated analysis and monitoring tools for better planning and operation, and improved reliability. This presentation will provide an overview of NASPI, including recent accomplishments, current status, and planned activities. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jeff.dagle@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 1424 EP 1425 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900231 ER PT B AU Kroposki, B AF Kroposki, Benjamin GP IEEE TI An Integration Facility to Accelerate Deployment of Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Microgrid; Intentional Islanding; Distributed Energy Resources; Distributed Generation; Distributed Storage; Interconnection AB Microgrids are intentional islands formed at a facility or in an electrical distribution system that contain at least one distributed energy resource and associated loads. One of the most challenging aspects in the commercial deployment of microgrids is the ability to test and evaluate various microgrid technologies and system to evaluate their effectiveness. This paper discusses current testing of microgrid applications and the development of a new integration facility designed to accelerate the deployment of distributed resources including renewable energy technologies in advanced distribution system operations including microgrids. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_kroposki@nrel.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 1816 EP 1819 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900293 ER PT S AU Zheglov, V Gao, WZ Mujadi, E Wang, G AF Zheglov, Vadim Gao, Wenzhong Mujadi, Eduard Wang, Ge GP IEEE TI A New Control Strategy for Stand-alone Fuel Cell-battery Hybrid Power Supply System SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; Lead Acid Battery; Hybrid Power Supply; Battery Charge Control; VisSim AB In this paper, a new control strategy is proposed for a stand-alone fuel cell-battery hybrid power supply system. This new control strategy can both meet the high peak power load demand and preserve a high energy density and thus ensures a high quality power supply. The fuel cell output current is adjusted according to state of charge and voltage of the battery. The battery is charged in a proper way when state of charge is below a chosen limit. Furthermore the new strategy can mitigate the load transient to ensure a long life time for fuel cell. The control strategy is implemented in Visual Simulation (Vissim (TM)), together with a dynamic proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model and a lead acid battery model, and tested under different conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the control strategy is valid and can meet the load demands. C1 [Zheglov, Vadim; Gao, Wenzhong; Wang, Ge] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Mujadi, Eduard] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zheglov, V (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM vzheglov21@tntech.edu; wgao@tntech.edu; eduard_mujadi@nrel.com; gwang21@tntech.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 1855 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900299 ER PT B AU Widergren, SE AF Widergren, S. E. GP IEEE TI Demand or Request: Will Load Behave? SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE system planning; load modeling; demand response; market systems; distributed generation; communication system interfaces; software engineering AB Power planning engineers are trained to design an electric system that satisfies predicted electrical demand under stringent conditions of availability and power quality. Like responsible custodians, we plan for the provision of electrical sustenance and shelter to those in whose care regulators have given us the responsibility to serve. Though most customers accept this nurturing gladly, a growing number are concerned with the economic costs and environmental impacts of service at a time when technology (particularly distributed generation, storage, automation, and information networks) offers alternatives for localized control and competitive service. As customers' and their systems mature, a new relationship with the electricity provider is emerging. Demand response is perhaps the first unsteady step where the customer participates as a partner in system operations. This paper explores issues system planners need to consider as demand response matures to significant levels beyond direct load control and toward a situation where service is requested and bargains are reached with the electricity provider based on desired load behavior. On one hand, predicting load growth and behavior appears more daunting than ever. On the other, for the first time load becomes a new resource whose behavior can be influenced during system operations to balance system conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Widergren, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.widergren@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 1957 EP 1961 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524900314 ER PT B AU Pell, J AF Pell, Jerry GP IEEE TI Implications of Global Climate Change for the US National Power Grid SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Climate change; Electric grid; Global warming; Power generation; Power industry; Power systems; Power transmission; Renewables; Solar power; Wind power AB Global climate change threatens to affect many aspects of human endeavor and quality of life, including, of course, in the United States. One such sector is the national power grid, which has been a prominent subject of concern in general with regard to reliability, expandability, and national security. These potential affects on higher-voltage longer-distance electric transmission lines stem from several sources, including desired reductions of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions, quests for economical electric power for population growth and commercial expansion, and desires for significant increases of renewable energy sources, notably wind and solar. This paper explores these affects and possible responses of the government and the utility industry to meet these challenges. C1 US DOE, Off Elect Delivery & Energy Reliabil, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Pell, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Elect Delivery & Energy Reliabil, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM jerry.pell@hq.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 2090 EP 2092 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901017 ER PT B AU Wang, JH Koritarov, V Kim, JH AF Wang, Jianhui Koritarov, Vladimir Kim, Jin-Ho GP IEEE TI An Agent-Based Approach to Modeling Interactions between Emission Market and Electricity Market SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electricity market; emission market; agent-based modeling and simulation; cap-and-trade; Q-learning ID POWER; GAMES AB An agent-based approach is proposed in this paper to analyze interactions between the emission and electricity markets. A cap-and-trade system is assumed to be in place to regulate emissions from power generation. Generation companies are modeled as adaptive learning agents that can bid strategically into the electricity market by Q-learning algorithm. These companies also participate in allowances trading in the emission market by adjusting their own allowances positions. In the simulation, generation companies can value their generation capacity and available allowances to maximize their profits. The results show that the initial allowance will influence the operation of power producers and that some generation companies may need to raise bid prices to recover their expenses for buying additional allowances. The results also reveal that in some cases generation companies may not increase profits by participating in both markets compared with bidding in the electricity market alone. This modeling framework can help design a sound emission market by simulating market scenarios with different policies, such as allowances caps. It can be also used to investigate the operation strategies for generation companies in such an environment. C1 [Wang, Jianhui; Koritarov, Vladimir; Kim, Jin-Ho] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jianhui.wang@anl.gov; koritarov@anl.gov; kimjh@anl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 2102 EP 2109 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901020 ER PT S AU Jiang, ZH Li, FX Qiao, W Sun, HB Wan, H Wang, JH Xia, Y Xu, Z Zhang, P AF Jiang, Zhenhua Li, Fangxing Qiao, Wei Sun, Hongbin Wan, Hui Wang, Jianhui Xia, Yan Xu, Zhao Zhang, Pei GP IEEE TI A Vision of Smart Transmission Grids SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Smart control center; smart substation; smart transmission grid; vision ID DISTRIBUTED FACTS; PROTECTION; SYSTEM AB Modern power grid is required to become smarter in order to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. Under such circumstances, considerable activities have been carried out in the U.S. and Europe to formulate and promote a vision for the development of the future smart power grids. However, the majority of these activities only placed emphasis on the distribution grid and demand side; while the big picture of the transmission grid in the context of smart grids is still unclear. This paper presents a unique vision for the future smart transmission grids in which the major features that these grids must have are clearly identified. In this vision, each smart transmission grid is regarded as an integrated system that functionally consists of three interactive, smart components, i.e., smart control centers, smart transmission networks, and smart substations. The features and functions of each of the three functional components as well as the enabling technologies to achieve these features and functions are discussed in detail in the paper. C1 [Jiang, Zhenhua] Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Qiao, Wei] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Sun, Hongbin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wan, Hui] West Virginia Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. [Xia, Yan] Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Xu, Zhao] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Elect Technol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Zhang, Pei] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM zjiang1@miami.edu; fli6@utk.edu; wqiao@engr.unl.edu; shb@tsinghua.edu.cn; hui.wan@mail.wvu.edu; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; yanxee@gmail.com; zx@elektro.dtu.dk; pzhang@epri.com RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 2193 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901033 ER PT B AU Huang, ZY Chen, YS Nieplocha, J AF Huang, Zhenyu Chen, Yousu Nieplocha, Jarek GP IEEE TI Massive Contingency Analysis with High Performance Computing SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Contingency Analysis; Energy Management System; Parallel Computing; Computational Load Balancing AB Contingency analysis is a key function in the Energy Management System (EIMS) to assess the impact of various combinations of power system component failures based on state estimates. Contingency analysis is also extensively used in power market operation for feasibility test of market solutions. Faster analysis of more cases is required to safely and reliably operate today's power grids which have a less margin and more intermittent renewable energy sources. Enabled by the latest development in the computer industry, high performance computing holds the promise of meet the need in the power industry. This paper investigates the potential of high performance computing for massive contingency analysis. The framework of "N-x" contingency analysis is established, and computational load balancing schemes are studied and implemented with high performance computers. Case studies of massive 300,000-contingency-case analysis using the Western Electricity Coordinating Council power grid model are presented to illustrate the application of high performance computing and demonstrate the performance of the framework and computational load balancing schemes. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Chen, Yousu; Nieplocha, Jarek] Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 3026 EP 3033 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901157 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Du, PW Kosterev, D Yang, B AF Huang, Zhenyu Du, Pengwei Kosterev, Dmitry Yang, Bo GP IEEE TI Application of Extended Kalman Filter Techniques for Dynamic Model Parameter Calibration SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Model Validation; Model Calibration; Extended Kalman Filter; Generator Modeling; Phasor Measurement; Wide-Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) ID VALIDATION AB Phasor measurement has previously been used for sub-system model validation, which enables rigorous comparison of model simulation and recorded dynamics and facilitates identification of problematic model components. Recent work extends the sub-system model validation approach with a focus on how model parameters may be calibrated to match recorded dynamics. In this paper, a calibration method using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) technique is proposed. This paper presents the formulation as well as case studies to show the validity of the EKF-based parameter calibration method. The proposed calibration method is expected to be a cost-effective means complementary to traditional equipment testing for improving dynamic model quality. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Du, Pengwei; Yang, Bo] Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kosterev, Dmitry] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver, WA 98662 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; pengwei.du@pnl.gov; dnkosterev@bpa.gov; bo.yang@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 3256 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901193 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Huang, Z Dosiek, L Trudnowski, D Pierre, JW AF Zhou, N. Huang, Z. Dosiek, L. Trudnowski, D. Pierre, J. W. GP IEEE TI Electromechanical Mode Shape Estimation Based on Transfer Function Identification Using PMU Measurements SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electromechanical dynamics; mode shape; small signal stability; synchronized phasor measurements; system identification ID SYSTEM; OSCILLATIONS; COHERENCE; SIGNALS AB Power system mode shapes are a key indication of how dynamic components participate in low-frequency oscillations. Traditionally, mode shapes are calculated from a linearized dynamic model. For large-scale power systems, obtaining accurate dynamic models is very difficult. Therefore, measurement-based mode shape estimation methods have certain advantages, especially for the application of real-time small signal stability monitoring. In this paper, a measurement-based mode shape identification method is proposed. The general relationship between transfer function (TF) and mode shape is derived. As an example, a least square (LS) method is implemented to estimate mode shape using an autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by Monte-Carlo studies using simulation data from a 17-machine model. The results indicate the validity of the proposed method in estimating mode shapes with reasonably good accuracy. C1 [Zhou, N.; Huang, Z.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dosiek, L.; Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Trudnowski, D.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; ldosiek@uwyo.edu; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu; pierre@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 3264 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901194 ER PT B AU Chassin, DP Widergren, SE AF Chassin, D. P. Widergren, S. E. GP IEEE TI Simulating Demand Participation in Market Operations SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE power simulation; power modeling; power markets; energy markets; load modeling AB Demand response and dynamic pricing programs are emerging in greater numbers as policy makers look for higher efficiencies and new mechanisms to integrate distributed resources into system operations. The behavior of demand-side resources (including distributed generation, storage, and load), their interaction with the power system, and their operating characteristics under different electric market scenarios raise many questions for system operators, market operators, and regulators. Computer simulation provides a powerful tool for investigating these issues. This paper discusses the use of GridLab-D as simulation environment to model the behavior of distributed resources in detail such that resources interact in new market environments while observing the physical constraints of system operation. GridLab-D provides an open source platform for integrating demand-side models with power system models and market operation models. The flexibility of this environment will be discussed as well as some of the findings emerging from having this simulation capability. C1 [Chassin, D. P.; Widergren, S. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnl.gov; steve.widergren@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 4116 EP 4120 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524902022 ER PT B AU Conzelmann, G Botterud, A Wang, J Thimmapuram, P AF Conzelmann, Guenter Botterud, Audun Wang, Jianhui Thimmapuram, Prakash GP IEEE TI Using Multi-Agent Simulation to Test European Electricity Markets SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE agent-based modeling and simulation; asset evaluation; electricity market analysis; electricity price forecasting; power market design; strategic behavior AB We discuss examples of implementations of agent-based simulation models in several European countries. Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is increasingly used as a tool to analyze power markets around the world and test the robustness of electricity markets and their underlying rules. The diversity of market designs, the complexities in their configurations with multitudes of participants, and their coupling with the underlying infrastructure require simulation approaches that allow a better representation of these real-world constraints. The power of ABMS tools lies in the flexibility they provide to merge and address these requirements in a single modeling framework. C1 [Conzelmann, Guenter; Botterud, Audun; Wang, Jianhui; Thimmapuram, Prakash] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conzelmann, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM guenter@anl.gov; abotterud@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; prakash@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 4151 EP 4152 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524902027 ER PT B AU Lu, N Taylor, T Jiang, W Correia, J Leung, LR Wong, PC AF Lu, N. Taylor, T. Jiang, W. Correia, J. Leung, L. R. Wong, P. C. GP IEEE TI The Temperature Sensitivity of the Residential Load and Commercial Building Load SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE climate change; temperature sensitivity; load modeling; load composition; residential load; commercial load AB This paper presents a building modeling approach to quickly quantify climate change impacts on energy consumption, peak load, and load composition of residential and commercial buildings. This research focuses on addressing the impact of temperature changes on the building heating and cooling load in 10 major cities across the Western United States and Canada. A building simulation software is first used to quantify the hourly energy consumption or different building types by end-use and by vintage. Then, the temperature sensitivities are derived based on the climate data inputs. C1 [Lu, N.; Taylor, T.; Jiang, W.; Correia, J.; Leung, L. R.; Wong, P. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov RI Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010 OI Correia, Jr, James/0000-0003-1092-8999 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 4620 EP 4626 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524902099 ER PT B AU Mooney, D Kroposki, B AF Mooney, David Kroposki, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Electricity, Resources, and Building Systems Integration at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Renewable energy; energy efficiency; end-use systems; integration; smart grid; systems integration; zero-energy buildings AB As deployment rates for new energy technologies rapidly increase, there is growing emphasis on infrastructure and systems operations upgrades that will be needed to accommodate the unique operating characteristics of new renewable, efficiency. and end-use technologies. To meet these integration challenges, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is implementing a comprehensive systems approach to its R&D and engineering efforts on integration. As the centerpiece for these efforts, the U.S. Department of Energy has commissioned the design and construction of a state-of-the-art laboratory facility - the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF). The ESIF will be constructed to enable complex systems research and development that hilly integrates the most advanced simulation, data analysis, engineering, and evaluation techniques to enable optimal deployment of advanced energy technologies. This paper will overview the ESIF's role in NREL's approach to addressing large-scale renewable and efficiency technology integration issues. C1 [Mooney, David; Kroposki, Benjamin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Mooney, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 5176 EP 5178 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524902184 ER PT B AU Oliver, BV Berninger, M Cooperstein, G Cordova, S Crain, D Droemer, D Haines, T Hinshelwood, D King, N Lutz, S Miller, CL Molina, I Mosher, D Nelson, D Ormond, E Portillo, S Smith, J Webb, T Welch, DR Wood, W Ziska, D AF Oliver, B. V. Berninger, M. Cooperstein, G. Cordova, S. Crain, D. Droemer, D. Haines, T. Hinshelwood, D. King, N. Lutz, S. Miller, C. L. Molina, I. Mosher, D. Nelson, D. Ormond, E. Portillo, S. Smith, J. Webb, T. Welch, D. R. Wood, W. Ziska, D. GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ROD-PINCH DIODE X-RAY SOURCE ON CYGNUS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The rod-pinch diode[1] is a self-magnetically insulated electron beam diode that is capable of producing a very bright source of hard x-rays. As fielded on the Cygnus accelerator[2], the diode operates at an impedance of 50 Ohms and produces short pulse (similar to 50 ns) bremsstrahlung radiation with a 2 MeV photon endpoint energy and dose of 4 rad measured at one meter, with an x-ray spot size similar to 1mm. The source can be used to image through similar to 40 g/cm(2) of material with spatial resolution of order 300 mu m. Recently, a series of experiments on Cygnus have been conducted to better characterize the diode's operation and x-ray output. In particular, the x-ray spectral content, source spot-size, and shot-to-shot reproducibility have been diagnosed. The intent of these experiments is to enable improvements that may extend the diode's radiographic utility. An array of diagnostics have been utilized which include, end-on and side view x-ray pin hole imaging, time resolved and time integrated spot size measurements, step wedges, x-ray p-i-n diodes, and diode/MITL current measurements. High fidelity, PIC/Monte-Carlo simulations have also been conducted to help analyze the data. An overview of these experiments, simulations, and the conclusions from analysis is presented. C1 [Oliver, B. V.; Cordova, S.; Molina, I.; Nelson, D.; Ormond, E.; Webb, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Haines, T.; King, N.; Smith, J.; Wood, W.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Crain, D.; Droemer, D.; Lutz, S.] Natl Secur Technol, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Cooperstein, G.; Hinshelwood, D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Miller, C. L.; Welch, D. R.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Portillo, S.; Ziska, D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Oliver, BV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386210 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800002 ER PT B AU Ormond, E Burke, M Chael, J Nelson, D Cordova, S Molina, I Oliver, B AF Ormond, E. Burke, M. Chael, J. Nelson, D. Cordova, S. Molina, I. Oliver, B. GP IEEE TI CYGNUS DOSE SYMMETRY SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4 Rad at 1 m, and a 1 mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria. The rod pinch diode in the Cygnus machines use a 0.75 mm diameter tungsten tapered anode rod extended through a 9 mm diameter cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. The Cygnus sources are utilized as the primary diagnostic on experiments which are single-shot, high value events. In such an application there is an emphasis on reliability and reproducibility. The azimuthal quality and reproducibility of the Cygnus sources will be analyzed using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters. Photogrammetry will be used to quantify the precision of the rod pinch diode build (i.e. the centeredness of the anode rod). One goal of these tests will be investigation of the relationship of dose symmetry to anode rod position (i.e. the correlation of off-center dose to an off-center anode rod). C1 [Ormond, E.; Burke, M.; Chael, J.; Nelson, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 238,Mail Stop 944, Mercury, NV 89023 USA. [Cordova, S.; Molina, I.; Oliver, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ormond, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 238,Mail Stop 944, Mercury, NV 89023 USA. EM eormond@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386206 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800003 ER PT B AU Miller, CL Welch, DR Rose, DV Oliver, BV AF Miller, C. L. Welch, D. R. Rose, D. V. Oliver, B. V. GP IEEE TI DETAILED SIMULATION OF THE CYGNUS ROD PINCH RADIOGRAPHIC SOURCE SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID TRANSPORT AB In this paper, we present results from particle-in-cell simulations of the nominally 2-MV, 40-kA CYGNUS radiographic machine using a standard rod pinch diode. The rod pinch electron beam diode consists of a small diameter, high atomic number anode extending through a thin cathode aperture. Significant shot-to-shot variation of the photon spectrum emerging from the anode can introduce error in interpreting the radiograph. We present results from these integrated simulations of electron and photon generation and quantify the sensitivities on the photon distribution and compare these to measured data C1 [Miller, C. L.; Welch, D. R.; Rose, D. V.] Voss Sci LLC, 418 Washington St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Oliver, B. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, CL (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, 418 Washington St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM Craig.Miller@vosssci.com FU Sandia National Laboratories; [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 23 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386243 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800004 ER PT B AU Mosher, D Hinshelwood, DD Cooperstein, G Huhman, B Allen, RJ Lutz, SS Berninger, MJ Oliver, BV Portillo, S Haines, T AF Mosher, David Hinshelwood, David D. Cooperstein, Gerald Huhman, Brett Allen, Raymond J. Lutz, Stephen S. Berninger, Michael J. Oliver, Bryan V. Portillo, Salvador Haines, Todd GP IEEE TI X-RAY ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING ISSUES FOR ROD-PINCH RADIOGRAPHIC SOURCES SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID DIODES AB During the past decade, the rod-pinch diode has been used extensively for high-brightness, megavolt x-ray radiography. Success of the rod pinch derives from its small radiographic spot size for a range of driving voltages and x-ray spectra. Here, we examine two experimentally observed and more subtle phenomena that may impact radiographic performance for some systems: flat-field nonuniformity in the image plane due to x-ray absorption in the rod, and weak, large-scale structures around radiographic features due to cathode-scattered x-rays. X-ray imaging data from Cygnus and HRS are analyzed by the ITS Monte Carlo codes to determine if these phenomena are significant for Cygnus. C1 [Mosher, David; Hinshelwood, David D.; Cooperstein, Gerald; Huhman, Brett; Allen, Raymond J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lutz, Stephen S.; Berninger, Michael J.] Natl Secur Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Oliver, Bryan V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Radiog Tech, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Portillo, Salvador] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Haines, Todd] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mosher@suzie.nrl.navy.mil FU Sandia National Laboratories; multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work supported through Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 28 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386207 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800005 ER PT B AU Hahn, K Bruner, N Cordova, SR Crotch, I Johnston, MD Leckbee, JJ Molina, I Oliver, BV Portillo, S Threadgold, J Webb, TJ Welch, DR Ziska, D AF Hahn, K. Bruner, N. Cordova, S. R. Crotch, I. Johnston, M. D. Leckbee, J. J. Molina, I. Oliver, B. V. Portillo, S. Threadgold, J. Webb, T. J. Welch, D. R. Ziska, D. GP IEEE TI STATUS OF SELF-MAGNETIC PINCH DIODE INVESTIGATIONS ON RITS-6 SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The electron beam-driven self-magnetic pinch diode is presently fielded on the RITS-6 accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories and is a leading candidate for future flash x-ray radiographic sources. The diode is capable of producing sub 3-mm radiation spot sizes and greater than 350 rads measured at 1 m from the x-ray source. While RITS-6 is capable of delivering up to 11.5 MV using a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL), the diode typically operates between 6 - 7 MV. Because the radiation dose has a power-law dependence on diode voltage, this limits the dose production on RITS. Coupling this low-impedance (similar to 40-60 ohms) diode to a MITL with similar or higher impedance affects its radiographic potential. The sensitivity in diode operation is compounded by the interaction of evolving plasmas from the cathode and anode, which seem to limit stable diode operation to a narrow regime. To better quantify the diode physics, high-resolution, time-resolved diagnostics have been utilized which include plasma spectroscopy, fast-gated imaging, x-ray p-i-n diodes, x-ray spot size, and diode and accelerator current measurements. Data from these diagnostics are also used to benchmark particle-in-cell simulations in order to better understand the underlying diode physics. An overview of these experiments and simulations is presented. C1 [Hahn, K.; Cordova, S. R.; Johnston, M. D.; Leckbee, J. J.; Molina, I.; Oliver, B. V.; Webb, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bruner, N.; Welch, D. R.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Crotch, I.; Molina, I.] Atom Weapons Estab Reading, Berkshire RG74PR, England. [Portillo, S.; Ziska, D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Hahn, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kdhahn@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX Work supported by Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386203 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800006 ER PT B AU Garanin, SF Kuznetsov, SD Atchison, WL Reinovsky, RE Awe, TJ Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Lindemuth, IR Siemon, RE AF Garanin, S. F. Kuznetsov, S. D. Atchison, W. L. Reinovsky, R. E. Awe, T. J. Bauer, B. S. Fuelling, S. Lindemuth, I. R. Siemon, R. E. GP IEEE TI NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THICK ALUMINUM WIRE BEHAVIOR UNDER MEGAAMPERE CURRENT DRIVE SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A series of experiments to study the behavior of thick wires (0.5 mm to 2 mm in diameter) driven by currents of about 1 MA have recently been conducted on the Zebra facility at the University of Nevada, Reno. The objective of these experiments was to study plasma formation on the surface of conductors under the impact of megagauss magnetic fields. Laser shadowgraphy, filtered optical and extreme ultraviolet photodiodes, and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy used in the experiments provided data on radial expansion of wires and plasma radiation. This paper focuses on numerical simulations of these experiments. Simulations with wires having a diameter of 1.6 mm and less demonstrated plasma formation with temperatures above 3 eV, which is in preliminary agreement with the experiment. For 2 mm diameter wires, although plasma can be observed in the simulations, it has substantially smaller optical thickness than in the simulations of the smaller-diameter wires, and the radiation fluxes prove to be much lower. This can shed light on the experimental results, where the radiation of the 2 mm wires was very weak. The simulated time dependences of the wire radii agree rather well with the experimental results obtained using laser diagnostics and light imaging. The experimental data of the photodiodes also agree well with the simulated time dependence of the detected radiation. C1 [Garanin, S. F.; Kuznetsov, S. D.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys VNIIEF, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. [Atchison, W. L.; Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Awe, T. J.; Bauer, B. S.; Fuelling, S.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Siemon, R. E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Garanin, SF (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys VNIIEF, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. EM sfgar@vniief.ru FU LANS/VNIIEF [37713-000-02-35] FX This work was supported in part by LANS/VNIIEF Contract 37713-000-02-35, Task Order 037. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 101 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800019 ER PT B AU Mazarakis, MG Cordova, S Fowler, WE LeChien, KL Leckbee, JJ Long, FW Matzen, MK McDaniel, DH Mckee, RG McKenney, JL Oliver, BV Olson, CL Porter, JL Rogowski, ST Struve, KW Stygar, WA Weed, JW Woodworth, JR Kim, AA Sinebryukhov, VA Gilgenbach, RM Gomez, MR French, DM Lau, YY Zier, J Johnson, DL VanDevalde, DM Sharpe, RA Ward, K AF Mazarakis, M. G. Cordova, S. Fowler, W. E. LeChien, K. L. Leckbee, J. J. Long, F. W. Matzen, M. K. McDaniel, D. H. Mckee, R. G. McKenney, J. L. Oliver, B. V. Olson, C. L. Porter, J. L. Rogowski, S. T. Struve, K. W. Stygar, W. A. Weed, J. W. Woodworth, J. R. Kim, A. A. Sinebryukhov, V. A. Gilgenbach, R. M. Gomez, M. R. French, D. M. Lau, Y. Y. Zier, J. Johnson, D. L. VanDevalde, D. M. Sharpe, R. A. Ward, K. GP IEEE TI LINEAR TRANSFORMER DRIVER (LTD) DEVELOPMENT AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Most of the modern high-current high-voltage pulsed power generators require several stages of pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert the multi-microsecond pulses of the Marx generator output to the 40-300 ns pulse required by a number of applications including x-ray radiography, pulsed high current linear accelerators, Z-pinch, Isentropic Compression (ICE), and Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) drivers. This makes the devices large, cumbersome to operate, and expensive. Sandia, in collaboration with a number of other institutions, is developing a new paradigm in pulsed power technology; the Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) technology. This technological approach can provide very compact devices that can deliver very fast high current and high voltage pulses. The output pulse rise time and width can be easily tailored to the specific application needs. Trains of a large number of high current pulses can be produced with variable inter-pulse separation from nanoseconds to milliseconds. Most importantly, these devices can be rep-rated to frequencies only limited by the capacitor specifications (usually is 10Hz). Their footprint as compared with current day pulsed power accelerators is considerably smaller since LTD do not require large oil and de-ionized water tanks. This makes them ideally fit for applications that require portability. In the present paper we present Sandia Laboratory's broad spectrum of developmental effort to design construct and extensively validate the LTD pulsed power technology. C1 [Mazarakis, M. G.; Cordova, S.; Fowler, W. E.; LeChien, K. L.; Leckbee, J. J.; Long, F. W.; Matzen, M. K.; McDaniel, D. H.; Mckee, R. G.; McKenney, J. L.; Oliver, B. V.; Olson, C. L.; Porter, J. L.; Rogowski, S. T.; Struve, K. W.; Stygar, W. A.; Weed, J. W.; Woodworth, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kim, A. A.; Sinebryukhov, V. A.] Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk, Russia. [Gilgenbach, R. M.; Gomez, M. R.; French, D. M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Zier, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Johnson, D. L.] L3 Commun, San Leandro, CA USA. [VanDevalde, D. M.] EG&G, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Sharpe, R. A.; Ward, K.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Mazarakis, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgmazar@sandia.gov FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE -AC04-94AL85000 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 138 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386187 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800026 ER PT B AU Harper-Slaboszewicz, VJ Mikkelson, KA Weber, BV Murphy, DP Commisso, RJ Goyer, JR Riordan, JC AF Harper-Slaboszewicz, V. J. Mikkelson, K. A. Weber, B. V. Murphy, D. P. Commisso, R. J. Goyer, J. R. Riordan, J. C. GP IEEE TI POLARITY INVERSION ON SATURN SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Saturn is a pulsed power accelerator consisting of 36 parallel modules producing 10 MA at 1.7 MV in a 40 ns power pulse[1]. Saturn is built to operate in negative polarity. Two methods of inverting the polarity in vacuum and driving up to 2.5 MA into a triplate MITL with a low impedance load have been built and demonstrated. Both rely on the use of a ballast inductance to invert the polarity[2]. The first method uses a dual post-hole convolute while the second method uses no convolutes. C1 [Harper-Slaboszewicz, V. J.; Mikkelson, K. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Weber, B. V.; Murphy, D. P.; Commisso, R. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goyer, J. R.; Riordan, J. C.] L3 Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Harper-Slaboszewicz, VJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 146 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386246 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800027 ER PT B AU Corcoran, PA Whitney, BA Bailey, VL Smith, ID Stygar, WA Savage, ME Rochau, GA Bailey, JE Jones, BM Nash, TJ Sceiford, ME Schlitt, LG Douglas, JW AF Corcoran, P. A. Whitney, B. A. Bailey, V. L. Smith, I. D. Stygar, W. A. Savage, M. E. Rochau, G. A. Bailey, J. E. Jones, B. M. Nash, T. J. Sceiford, M. E. Schlitt, L. G. Douglas, J. W. GP IEEE TI CIRCUIT MODELING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ZR SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB We present an overview of a detailed transmission-line circuit model of the refurbished Z accelerator (ZR) [1, 2]. We also present comparisons of the model's calculations to data taken on ZR shots with short circuit loads (shots 1780 and 1852) and wire-array z-pinch loads (shots 1785 and 1896). The circuit model includes a 2-D network of transmission lines that model ZR's output lines and water convolute. The development of the 2-D network is discussed along with benchmarks to a 3-D LSP-based model. C1 [Corcoran, P. A.; Whitney, B. A.; Bailey, V. L.; Smith, I. D.] L 3 Syst Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Stygar, W. A.; Savage, M. E.; Rochau, G. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Jones, B. M.; Nash, T. J.; Sceiford, M. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Schlitt, L. G.] Leland Schlitt Consulting Serv, Estes Pk 80517, CO USA. [Douglas, J. W.] Consultant, Oro Valley 85755, AZ USA. RP Corcoran, PA (reprint author), L 3 Syst Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would very much like to thank D. Artery, G. Donovan, M. Jones, K. LeChien, R. Leeper, G. Leifeste, F. Long, M. Lopez, J. Lott, R. McKee, J. Mills, J. Moore, J. Porter, L. Schneider, S. Speas, B. Stoltzfus, T. Wagoner, and J. Woodworth for critical contributions. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 150 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386247 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800028 ER PT B AU Leckbee, J Cordova, S Oliver, B Johnson, DL Toury, M Rosol, R Bui, B AF Leckbee, Joshua Cordova, Steve Oliver, Bryan Johnson, David L. Toury, Martial Rosol, Rodolphe Bui, Bill GP IEEE TI TESTING OF A 1-MV LINEAR TRANSFORMER DRIVER (LTD) FOR RADIOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A seven cavity LTD accelerator for radiography applications has been tested with a large area electron beam diode. Individual cavities have been tested with a resistive load. Results of these experiments have been compared to circuit simulations. The circuit model has been improved to provide good agreement with single cavity resistive load tests and seven cavity tests with an electron beam load. A simple modification was made to a single LTD cavity to reduce unwanted voltage oscillations. C1 [Leckbee, Joshua; Cordova, Steve; Oliver, Bryan] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Johnson, David L.] L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Toury, Martial; Rosol, Rodolphe] Commissariat Energie Atom, F-51490 Moronvilliers, France. [Bui, Bill] K Tech Corp, Albuquerque 87186, NM USA. RP Leckbee, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjleckb@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 156 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386190 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800029 ER PT B AU Reinovsky, RE AF Reinovsky, R. E. GP IEEE TI WARM DENSE MATTER: ANOTHER APPLICATION FOR PULSED POWER HYDRODYNAMICS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Pulsed Power Hydrodynamics (PPH) is an application of low-impedance pulsed power, and high magnetic field technology to the study of advanced hydrodynamic problems, instabilities, turbulence, and material properties. PPH can potentially be applied to the study of the properties of warm dense matter (WDM) as well. Exploration of the properties of warm dense matter such as equation of state, viscosity, conductivity is an emerging area of study focused on the behavior of matter at density near solid density (from 10% of solid density to slightly above solid density) and modest temperatures (similar to 1-10 eV). Conditions characteristic of WDM are difficult to obtain, and even more difficult to diagnose. One approach to producing WDM uses laser or particle beam heating of very small quantities of matter on timescales short compared to the subsequent hydrodynamic expansion timescales (isochoric heating) and a vigorous community of researchers are applying these techniques. Pulsed power hydrodynamic techniques, such as large convergence liner compression of a large volume, modest density, low temperature plasma to densities approaching solid density or through multiple shock compression and heating of normal density material between a massive, high density, energetic liner and a high density central "anvil" are possible ways to reach relevant conditions. Another avenue to WDM conditions is through the explosion and subsequent expansion of a conductor (wire) against a high pressure (density) gas background (isobaric expansion) techniques. However, both techniques demand substantial energy, proper power conditioning and delivery, and an understanding of the hydrodynamic and instability processes that limit each technique. In this paper we will examine the challenges to pulsed power technology and to pulsed power systems presented by the opportunity to explore this interesting region of parameter space. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinovsky, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D420, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386241 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800038 ER PT B AU Buyko, AM Garanin, SF Gorbachev, YN Ivanova, GG Ivanovsky, AV Morozova, IV Mokhov, VN Petrukhin, AA Sofronov, VN Yakubov, VB Atchison, WL Reinovsky, RE AF Buyko, A. M. Garanin, S. F. Gorbachev, Yu. N. Ivanova, G. G. Ivanovsky, A. V. Morozova, I. V. Mokhov, V. N. Petrukhin, A. A. Sofronov, V. N. Yakubov, V. B. Atchison, W. L. Reinovsky, R. E. GP IEEE TI EXPLOSIVE MAGNETIC LINER DEVICES TO PRODUCE SHOCK PRESSURES UP TO 3 TPa SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The paper discusses devices with a Disk Explosive Magnetic flux compression Generator (DEMG), which are similar to the ALT-1,2 experimental devices and are intended for testing the possibility of producing 1-3 TPa (10-30 Mbar) pressures and the possibility of measuring Hugoniots of different materials at such pressures. It is expected that two-layer, cylindrical liners, Al+Fe and/or Al+W, will be used, driven by 4-5 MG magnetic fields to similar to 20 km/s velocities. The paper presents and discusses simulated characteristics of these devices, in which currents, energies and powers delivered to the liner load can reach similar to 70 MA, similar to 40 MJ and similar to 20 TW and exceed those in the ALT-1,2 devices by a factor of similar to 2, similar to 4 and similar to 7, respectively. C1 [Buyko, A. M.; Garanin, S. F.; Gorbachev, Yu. N.; Ivanova, G. G.; Ivanovsky, A. V.; Morozova, I. V.; Mokhov, V. N.; Petrukhin, A. A.; Sofronov, V. N.; Yakubov, V. B.] All Russian Res Ctr Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. [Atchison, W. L.; Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Buyko, AM (reprint author), All Russian Res Ctr Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 215 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386313 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800040 ER PT B AU Zhang, Y Lynn, AG Hsu, SC Gilmore, M Watts, C AF Zhang, Y. Lynn, A. G. Hsu, S. C. Gilmore, M. Watts, C. GP IEEE TI DESIGN OF A COMPACT COAXIAL MAGNETIZED PLASMA GUN FOR MAGNETIC BUBBLE EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID SPHEROMAK INJECTION; TOKAMAK AB The design of a compact coaxial magnetized plasma gun and its associated hardware systems are discussed in detail. The plasma gun is used for experimental studies of magnetic bubble expansion into a lower pressure background plasma as a laboratory model for extragalactic radio lobe expansion into the interstellar medium. The gun is powered by a 120 mu F, 10kV ignitron-switched capacitor bank. High-pressure gas is puffed into an annular gap between inner and outer coaxial electrodes. The applied high voltage ionizes the gas and creates a radial current sheet. The similar to 100kA discharge current generates toroidal flux and poloidal flux is provided by an external bias magnetic field. Axial J x B force then ejects plasma out of the gun. If the J x B force exceeds the magnetic tension of the poloidal flux by a sufficient amount then a detached magnetized plasma bubble will be formed. Using a multi-tip Langmuir probe array, a high speed camera and a B-dot probe array, the evolution of this plasma "bubble" as it interacts with preexisting low pressure background plasma, is studied. In particular, details of the plasma bubble formation system including the main gun cap-bank power system, gas valve control system, bias flux cap-bank power system, and experimental data are provided. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Lynn, A. G.; Gilmore, M.; Watts, C.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hsu, S. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 233 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800043 ER PT B AU Woodworth, JR Alexander, JA Stygar, WA Bennett, LF Anderson, HD Harden, MJ Blickem, JR Gruner, FR White, R AF Woodworth, J. R. Alexander, J. A. Stygar, W. A. Bennett, L. F. Anderson, H. D. Harden, M. J. Blickem, J. R. Gruner, F. R. White, R. GP IEEE TI LOW INDUCTANCE SWITCHING STUDIES FOR LINEAR TRANSFORMER DRIVERS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB We are developing new low-inductance gas switches for Linear Transformer Drivers (LTDs). Linear Transformer drivers are a new pulsed-power architecture that may dramatically reduce the size and cost of future pulsed-power drivers, but which place stringent requirements on gas switches.(1,2) A typical large LTD may have 10,000 or more gas switches that are DC-charged to 200 kV and that must be triggered with a jitter of 5-ns or less with a very low prefire rate(3). We are studying new air-insulated gas switches with total inductances of 68-90 nH. These switches transfer 100 J of stored energy for thousands of shots. Typical 10%-90% current rise-times are less than 50 ns and peak currents are on the order of 40 kA into a matched load. One of the switches has a 1-sigma jitter less than 800 picoseconds. Since triggering 10,000 or more switches is a significant challenge, we are also making a detailed study triggering requirements for these switches. We have previously reported tests of four competing switches for LTDs(4). In this article we report new tests on improved versions of two of the four switches described previously. C1 [Woodworth, J. R.; Alexander, J. A.; Stygar, W. A.; Bennett, L. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 250 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386308 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800046 ER PT B AU VanGordon, JA Kovaleski, SD Dale, GE AF VanGordon, James A. Kovaleski, Scott D. Dale, Gregory E. GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF POWER IGBTS UNDER PULSED POWER CONDITIONS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is used in many types of applications. Although the use of the power IGBT has been well characterized for many continuous operation power electronics applications, little published information is available regarding the performance of a given IGBT under pulsed power conditions. Additionally, component libraries in circuit simulation software packages have a finite number of IGBTs. This paper presents a process for characterizing the performance of a given power IGBT under pulsed power conditions. Specifically, signals up to 4.5 kV and 1 kA with approximately a 5 mu s pulse width will be applied to a given IGBT. This process utilizes curve fitting techniques with collected data to determine values for a set of modeling parameters. These parameters are used in the Oziemkiewicz implementation of the Hefner model for the IGBT that is utilized, in some circuit simulation software packages [1, 2]. After the nominal parameter values are determined, they can be inserted into the Oziemkiewicz implementation to simulate a given IGBT. C1 [VanGordon, James A.; Kovaleski, Scott D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 349 Engn Bldg W, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dale, Gregory E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Power Electrodynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP VanGordon, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 349 Engn Bldg W, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KovaleskiS@missouri.edu RI Dale, Gregory/A-9419-2009 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 280 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386250 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800052 ER PT B AU Goforth, JH Atchison, WL Colgate, SA Griego, JR Guzik, J Herrera, DH Holtkamp, DB Idzorek, G Kaul, A Kirkpatrick, RC Menikoff, R Meyer, RK Oona, H Reardon, PT Reinovsky, CRE Rousculp, L Sgro, AG Tabaka, LJ Tierney, TE Torres, DT Watt, RG AF Goforth, J. H. Atchison, W. L. Colgate, S. A. Griego, J. R. Guzik, J. Herrera, D. H. Holtkamp, D. B. Idzorek, G. Kaul, A. Kirkpatrick, R. C. Menikoff, R. Meyer, R. K. Oona, H. Reardon, P. T. Reinovsky, C. R. E. Rousculp, L. Sgro, A. G. Tabaka, L. J. Tierney, T. E. Torres, D. T. Watt, R. G. GP IEEE TI A New 40 MA Ranchero Explosive Pulsed Power System SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB We are developing a new high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) system based on the 1.4 m long Ranchero generator which was developed in 1999 for driving solid density z-pinch loads. The new application requires approximately 40 MA to implode similar liners, but the liners cannot tolerate the 65 mu s, 3 MA current pulse associated with delivering the initial magnetic flux to the 200 nH generator. To circumvent this problem, we have designed a system with an internal start switch and four explosively formed fuse (EFF) opening switches. The integral start switch is installed between the output glide plane and the armature. It functions in the same manner as a standard input crowbar switch when armature motion begins, but initially isolates the load. The circuit is completed during the flux loading phase using post hole convolutes. Each convolute attaches the inner (coaxial) output transmission line to the outside of the outer coax through a penetration of the outer coaxial line. The attachment is made with the conductor of an EFF at each location. The EFFs conduct 0.75 MA each, and are actuated just after the internal start switch connects to the load. EFFs operating at these parameters have been tested in the past. The post hole convolutes must withstand as much as 80 kV at peak dI/dt during the Ranchero load current pulse. We describe the design of this new HEPP system in detail, and give the experimental results available at conference time. In addition, we discuss the work we are doing to test the upper current limits of a single standard size Ranchero module. Calculations have suggested that the generator could function at up to similar to 120 MA, the rule of thumb we follow (1 MA/cm) suggests 90 MA, and simple flux compression calculations, along with the similar to 4 MA seed current available from our capacitor bank, suggests 118 MA is the currently available upper limit. C1 [Goforth, J. H.; Atchison, W. L.; Colgate, S. A.; Griego, J. R.; Guzik, J.; Herrera, D. H.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Idzorek, G.; Kaul, A.; Kirkpatrick, R. C.; Menikoff, R.; Meyer, R. K.; Oona, H.; Reardon, P. T.; Reinovsky, C. R. E.; Rousculp, L.; Sgro, A. G.; Tabaka, L. J.; Tierney, T. E.; Torres, D. T.; Watt, R. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Goforth, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800057 ER PT B AU Dirk, SM Sawyer, PS Wheeler, J Stavig, M Tuttle, B AF Dirk, Shawn M. Sawyer, Patricia S. Wheeler, Jill Stavig, Mark Tuttle, Bruce GP IEEE TI HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMER DIELECTRICS FROM THE RING OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION (ROMP) SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID DICARBOXIMIDES; OXANORBORNENE; PROPERTY; STORAGE AB Recently much research has focused on the development of new polymer dielectric materials to fabricate capacitors for use in the inverters of next generation hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The capacitors used in HEVs inverters will be required to operate at 150 degrees C, 600V, and have an energy density of 0.9 J/cm(3). Polymer based thin film capacitors are ideal for this application due to their relatively high energy density, low cost, and high dielectric breakdown strength. We have polymerized several ring strained monomers using ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and have identified a promising polymer system based on N-Phenyl-7-oxanorbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (PhONDI). Several of its copolymers with norbornene have been evaluated for possible use as next generation high temperature polymer dielectrics in thin film capacitors. The copolymers were cast into thin films and Au electrodes were deposited on the polymer film. The electrical properties were evaluated as a function of temperature. The polymer system exhibited very good high temperature dielectric properties and is potentially useful as a high temperature capacitor dielectric. C1 [Dirk, Shawn M.; Sawyer, Patricia S.; Stavig, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wheeler, Jill; Tuttle, Bruce] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect & Nanostruct Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dirk, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smdirk@sandia.gov FU Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lock heed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE- AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lock heed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE- AC04-94AL85000. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 332 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386251 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800062 ER PT B AU Arnold, PA James, GF Petersen, DE Pendleton, DL McHale, GB Barbosa, F Runtal, AS Stratton, PL AF Arnold, P. A. James, G. F. Petersen, D. E. Pendleton, D. L. McHale, G. B. Barbosa, F. Runtal, A. S. Stratton, P. L. GP IEEE TI AN UPDATE ON NIF PULSED POWER SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192-beam laser fusion driver operating at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NIF relies on three large-scale pulsed power systems to achieve its goals: the Power Conditioning Unit (PCU), which provides flashlamp excitation for the laser's injection system; the Power Conditioning System (PCS), which provides the multi-megajoule pulsed excitation required to drive flashlamps in the laser's optical amplifiers; and the Plasma Electrode Pockels Cell (PEPC), which enables NIF to take advantage of a four-pass main amplifier. Years of production, installation, and commissioning of the three NIF pulsed power systems are now complete. Seven-day-per-week operation of the laser has commenced, with the three pulsed power systems providing routine support of laser operations. We present the details of the status and operational experience associated with the three systems along with a projection of the future for NIP pulsed power. C1 [Arnold, P. A.; James, G. F.; Petersen, D. E.; Pendleton, D. L.; McHale, G. B.; Barbosa, F.; Runtal, A. S.; Stratton, P. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Arnold, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386291 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800066 ER PT B AU Rousculp, CL Turchi, PJ Reass, WA Oro, DM Merrill, FE Griego, JR Reinovsky, RE AF Rousculp, C. L. Turchi, P. J. Reass, W. A. Oro, D. M. Merrill, F. E. Griego, J. R. Reinovsky, R. E. GP IEEE TI PHELIX SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The Precision, High-Energy density, Liner Implosion eXperiment (PHELIX) pulsed power driver is currently under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory. When operational PHELIX will provide 0.5-1.0 MJ of capacitively stored energy into cm size liners that will reach implosion velocities of 1-4 km/s with approximately 10-20 microsecond implosion time. Peak load currents will be in the 5-10 megamp range. To do this the machine will employ a reusable, multi-turn primary, single-turn secondary transformer to couple the 100-120 kV Marx capacitor system to the load. The transformer has been designed toward a coupling coefficient of 0.9. PHELIX is designed to be portable with only an 8 x 25 ft(2) footprint. This will allow the machine to be taken to the experiment designer's diagnostic of choice. The first such diagnostic will the LANL proton-radiography facility. There the multi-frame, high-resolution, imaging capability will be used to study hydrodynamic and material phenomena C1 [Rousculp, C. L.; Turchi, P. J.; Reass, W. A.; Oro, D. M.; Merrill, F. E.; Griego, J. R.; Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rousculp, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386288 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800069 ER PT B AU Turchi, PJ Reass, WA Rousculp, CL Oro, DM Merrill, FE Griego, JR Reinovsky, RE AF Turchi, P. J. Reass, W. A. Rousculp, C. L. Oro, D. M. Merrill, F. E. Griego, J. R. Reinovsky, R. E. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF CONDUCTOR STRESSES IN A PULSED HIGH-CURRENT TOROIDAL TRANSFORMER SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The Precision, High-Energy Density, Liner Implosion eXperiment (PHELIX) pulsed power driver is currently under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory. When operational PHELIX will provide 5-10 MAmps of peak current with pulse rise-time of similar to 5-10 ms. Crucial to the performance of PHELIX is a multi-turn primary, single-turn secondary, current step-up toroidal transformer, R(major) similar to 30 CM, R(minor) similar to 10 cm. The transformer lifetime should exceed 100 shots. Therefore it is essential that the design be robust enough to survive the magnetic stresses produced by high currents. In order to evaluate our design, two methods have been utilized. First, an analytical evaluation has been performed. By identifying the magnetic forces as J(1)(2)/2 del L(1) + J(1)J(2)del M(12,) where J(1) and J(2) are currents in two circuits, coupled by mutual inductance M(12) and L(1) is the self-inductance of the circuit carrying current J(1), analytical estimates of stress can be obtained. These results are then compared to a computational MHD model of the same system and to a full finite-element, electromagnetic simulation. C1 [Turchi, P. J.; Reass, W. A.; Rousculp, C. L.; Oro, D. M.; Merrill, F. E.; Griego, J. R.; Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386287 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800070 ER PT B AU Waldron, WL Reginato, LL Leitner, M AF Waldron, W. L. Reginato, L. L. Leitner, M. GP IEEE TI NDCX-II PULSED POWER SYSTEM AND INDUCTION CELLS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL) is currently finalizing the design of NDCX-II, the second phase of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment, which will use an ion beam to explore Warm Dense Matter (WDM) and Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) target hydrodynamics. The ion induction accelerator will include induction cells and Blumleins from the decommissioned Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A test stand has been built at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to test refurbished ATA induction cells and pulsed power hardware for voltage holding and ability to produce various compression and acceleration waveforms. The performance requirements, design modifications, and test results will be presented. C1 [Waldron, W. L.; Reginato, L. L.; Leitner, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waldron, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 47-112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386286 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800071 ER PT B AU Stoltzfus, B LeChien, K Savage, M Stygar, W AF Stoltzfus, B. LeChien, K. Savage, M. Stygar, W. GP IEEE TI HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATOR IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN THE OIL AND WATER SECTIONS OF THE Z MACHINE AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES IN 2008 SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Many changes were made to the Z machine [1] oil and water sections in 2007 as part of the Z refurbishment project [2]. As Z was returned to routine operation, some components required modification to increase shot rate. This paper summarizes the oil- and water-section insulator failures encountered in 2008 along with a description of the solutions implemented. C1 [Stoltzfus, B.; LeChien, K.; Savage, M.; Stygar, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stoltzfus, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386278 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800081 ER PT B AU Perkins, MP Houck, TL Javedani, JB Vogtlin, GE Goerz, DA AF Perkins, M. P. Houck, T. L. Javedani, J. B. Vogtlin, G. E. Goerz, D. A. GP IEEE TI Progress on Simulating the Initiation of Vacuum Insulator Flashover SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID SURFACE FLASHOVER AB Vacuum insulators are critical components in many pulsed power systems. The insulators separate the vacuum and non-vacuum regions, often under great stress due to high electric fields. The insulators will often flashover at the dielectric vacuum interface for electric field values much lower than for the bulk breakdown through the material. Better predictive models and computational tools are needed to enable insulator designs in a timely and inexpensive manner for advanced pulsed power systems. In this article we will discuss physics models that have been implemented in a PIC code to better understand the initiation of flashover. The PIC code VORPAL [1] has been ran on the Linux cluster Hera at LLNL. Some of the important physics modules that have been implemented to this point will be discussed for simple angled insulators. These physics modules include field distortion due to the dielectric, field emission, secondary electron emission, insulator charging, and the effects of magnetic fields. In the future we will incorporate physics modules to investigate the effects of photoemission, electron stimulated desorption, and gas ionization. This work will lead to an improved understanding of flashover initiation and better computational tools for advanced insulator design. C1 [Perkins, M. P.; Houck, T. L.; Javedani, J. B.; Vogtlin, G. E.; Goerz, D. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perkins, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM perkins22@llnl.gov; houck1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800084 ER PT B AU Timoshkin, IV Given, MJ MacGregor, SJ Wilson, MP Lehr, JM AF Timoshkin, I. V. Given, M. J. MacGregor, S. J. Wilson, M. P. Lehr, J. M. GP IEEE TI PRE-BREAKDOWN CURRENTS IN INSULATING LIQUIDS STRESSED WITH NON-UNIFORM DC ELECTRIC FIELD SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB This paper is aimed at investigation of the pre-breakdown conduction characteristics of insulating liquids. Two mineral oils and a synthetic ester fluid were used in the tests. The current-voltage characteristics have been measured in the point-plane electrode configuration, the needle electrode was stressed with positive and negative DC voltage. The current voltage characteristics demonstrated non-linear behavior over a large range of voltages, this current behavior could be attributed to the space-charge saturation regime of conduction in insulating liquids. DC breakdown voltages have been monitored and registered. It has been shown that MIDEL 7131 synthetic ester has a lower breakdown strength as compared with the tested mineral oils. Also it has been shown that positive breakdown voltage is lower than the negative breakdown voltage for the insulating liquids used in this study. C1 [Timoshkin, I. V.; Given, M. J.; MacGregor, S. J.; Wilson, M. P.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 204 George St,Royal Coll Bldg, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Lehr, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Timoshkin, IV (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 204 George St,Royal Coll Bldg, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. OI Wilson, Mark/0000-0003-3088-8541 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 452 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386264 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800086 ER PT B AU Wilson, MP MacGregor, SJ Timoshkin, IV Given, MJ Sinclair, MA Thomas, KJ Lehr, JM AF Wilson, M. P. MacGregor, S. J. Timoshkin, I. V. Given, M. J. Sinclair, M. A. Thomas, K. J. Lehr, J. M. GP IEEE TI IMPULSE BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS IMMERSED IN INSULATING OIL SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID MINERAL-OIL AB Surface discharges along oil-immersed solids chosen to insulate high-voltage, pulsed-power systems are a problem that can lead to catastrophic failure. Knowledge of the electrical fields at which surface flashover, or other types of breakdown event, will occur for different dielectric materials is therefore important for the proper design of insulating components for pulsed-power systems. In the present work, impulse voltages of peak amplitude 350 kV and rise-time 1 mu s were applied to cylindrical samples of: polypropylene; low-density polyethylene; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; Rexolite; and Torlon. Breakdown events were studied under both non-uniform and uniform field conditions, with samples located between a pair of electrodes immersed in insulating oil. Sample lengths were chosen such that breakdown events occurred on the rising edge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene showed the highest average breakdown field 645 kV/cm in uniform fields, and the corresponding field was reduced to similar to 400 kV/cm in non-uniform fields. The results provide comparative data for system designers for the appropriate choice of dielectric materials to act as insulators for high-voltage, pulsed-power machines. C1 [Wilson, M. P.; MacGregor, S. J.; Timoshkin, I. V.; Given, M. J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 204 George St, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Given, M. J.; Sinclair, M. A.] AWE Aldermaston, Pulsed Power Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Lehr, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, MP (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 204 George St, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. EM m.wilson@eee.strath.ac.uk FU AWE Aldermaston FX Work supported by AWE Aldermaston NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 455 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386261 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800087 ER PT B AU Houck, TL Ferriera, TJ Goerz, DA Javedani, JB Speer, RD Tully, LK Vogtlin, GE AF Houck, T. L. Ferriera, T. J. Goerz, D. A. Javedani, J. B. Speer, R. D. Tully, L. K. Vogtlin, G. E. GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC INSULATION IN SF(6) FILLED REGIONS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID FIELDS; BREAKDOWN AB The use of magnetic fields perpendicular to quasi-static electric fields to deter electrical breakdown in vacuum, referred to as magnetic insulation, is well understood and used in numerous applications. Here we define quasi-static as applied high-voltage pulse widths much longer than the transit time of light across the electrode gap. For this report we extend the concept of magnetic insulation to include the inhibition of electrical breakdown in gases. Ionization and electrical breakdown of gases in crossed electric and magnetic fields is only a moderately explored research area. For sufficiently large magnetic fields an electron does not gain sufficient energy over a single cycloidal path to ionize the gas molecules. However, it may be possible for the electron to gain sufficient energy for ionization over a number of collisions. To study breakdown in a gas, the collective behavior of an avalanche of electrons in the formation of a streamer in the gas is required. Effective reduced electric field (EREF) theory, which considers the bulk properties of an electron avalanche, has been successful at describing the influence of a crossed magnetic field on the electric field required for breakdown in gases; however, available data to verify the theory has been limited to low gas pressures and weak electronegative gases. High power devices, for example explosively driven magnetic flux compressors, operate at electrical field stresses, magnetic fields, and insulating gas pressures nearly two orders of magnitude greater than published research for crossed fields in gases. The primary limitation of conducting experiments at higher pressures, e.g. atmospheric, is generating the large magnetic fields, 10's Tesla, and electric fields, >100 kV/cm, required to see a significant effect. In this paper we describe measurements made with a coaxial geometry diode, form factor of 1.2, operating at peak electrical field stress of 220 kV/cm, maximum magnetic field of 20 Tesla, and SF(6) pressure of 760 torr. C1 [Houck, T. L.; Ferriera, T. J.; Goerz, D. A.; Javedani, J. B.; Speer, R. D.; Tully, L. K.; Vogtlin, G. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Houck, TL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-153, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386321 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800090 ER PT B AU Leckbee, JJ Oliver, BV Johnston, MD Hahn, KD Portillo, S Bui, B AF Leckbee, Joshua J. Oliver, Bryan V. Johnston, Mark D. Hahn, Kelly D. Portillo, Salvador Bui, Bill GP IEEE TI NEGATIVE-POLARITY ROD-PINCH DIODE EXPERIMENTS ON RITS-6 SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID RADIOGRAPHY SOURCE; MV; FLOW AB The Negative-polarity Rod-pinch (NPRP) diode is being developed and tested on the RITS-6 accelerator to expand radiographic capabilities. Experimental results include shots where the diode impedance is relatively constant and the x-ray dose is as high as 175 Rad@1m with a 2.5mm source spot size. Other shots have a rapidly decreasing diode impedance and much lower x-ray dose. Data presented here include measurements of beam current, dose rate, forward and backward directed dose, and x-ray source spot size. C1 [Leckbee, Joshua J.; Oliver, Bryan V.; Johnston, Mark D.; Hahn, Kelly D.; Portillo, Salvador] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bui, Bill] K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87186 USA. RP Leckbee, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjleckb@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 551 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386338 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800108 ER PT B AU Webb, TJ Hahn, KD Johnston, MD Oliver, BV Welch, DR Gilgenbach, R Lau, YY Zier, JC AF Webb, T. J. Hahn, K. D. Johnston, M. D. Oliver, B. V. Welch, D. R. Gilgenbach, R. Lau, Y. Y. Zier, J. C. GP IEEE TI Measurements of Energy Spectra and Spatial Profile of Large-Area Diode RITS-6 Electron Beam SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The RITS-6 induction voltage adder (IVA) electron accelerator has an output voltage of 7-12 MV and beam currents from about 10 kA to 170 kA depending on the diode employed and the two options impedance of the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). The determination of the diode voltage has traditionally be done by a combination of parapotential flow theory in the MITL and translating the voltage pulse to the diode or solving radiographers equations for the x-ray dose rate. However the time-integrated voltage can also be inferred from the electron beam energy spectrum unfolded from measurements of the absorbed dose as a function of depth in the anode material. Depth dose measurements using radiochromic film sandwiched in an aluminum anode were performed on RITS in the high voltage mode. Results are presented for the unfolded electron spectrum using a modified least-squares optimization method with Monte Carlo radiation transport code-generated mono-energetic depth-dose profiles. Variations in the beam spatial profile are observed. Time-resolved measurements of the beam current density profile were performed using gated CCD cameras which observed the beam-generated Cherenkov light pattern inside electron range-thin fused silica. These measurements were made at similar beam current but lower voltage than the depth-dose shots. Various cathode surface treatments were used to see if beam profile depended strongly on the electron source. C1 [Webb, T. J.; Hahn, K. D.; Johnston, M. D.; Oliver, B. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Welch, D. R.] Voss Scientif, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Gilgenbach, R.; Lau, Y. Y.; Zier, J. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Webb, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjwebb@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 555 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386339 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800109 ER PT B AU Kim, A Frolov, S Alexeenko, V Sinebryukhov, V Mazarakis, M Bayol, F AF Kim, A. Frolov, S. Alexeenko, V. Sinebryukhov, V. Mazarakis, M. Bayol, F. GP IEEE TI PREFIRE PROBABILITY OF THE SWITCH TYPE FAST LTD SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB In this paper, we present the most recent test of the multigap gas switches which are one of the key elements of the fast LTD stages with oil insulation [1, 2]. Inside these switches, the charge voltage is distributed between the multiple gaps with the use of a corona discharge [3]. The evident advantages of this technique are low cost and extreme compactness of the voltage divider because it just consists of few needles that are soldered to the switch electrodes. At the same time, for proper operation of the switch, special features of the corona discharge have to be taken into account. These features include the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics of the corona discharge that must be the same in each serial gap; the influence of UV radiation and free charged particles, that appear during the corona discharge, on the breakdown voltage of the gaps; and the variation of the shape of the needles that may burn during the switch operation thus limiting its life time. Each of these features (and probably some others that might be not as evident at this moment) may influence the voltage distribution between the gaps and therefore be a reason for the switch prefire. Below we present the design of the switch type Fast LTD, the breakdown voltage of the switch gaps, the voltampere characteristics of the corona discharge, and the statistics on the switch jitter and prefire probability. C1 [Kim, A.; Frolov, S.; Alexeenko, V.; Sinebryukhov, V.] Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Mazarakis, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bayol, F.] Int Technol High Pulsed Power, F-46500 Thegra, France. RP Kim, A (reprint author), Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM kim@oit.hcei.tsc.ru NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 565 EP + DI 10.1109/PPC.2009.5386341 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800111 ER PT B AU Gilmore, M Stoltzfus, B Savage, ME Clarke, WT AF Gilmore, M. Stoltzfus, B. Savage, M. E. Clarke, W. T. GP IEEE TI MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF LASER-PLASMA CHANNELS IN A LASER TRIGGERED GAS SWITCH BY GUIDED MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING IN SF6 AND N-2/SF6 SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Backscattering of guided microwaves has been utilized to measure the effective electrical length of laser produced plasma channels (LPPC's) in a laser triggered gas switch configuration. The LPPC was introduced into the waveguide by focusing the UV trigger laser beam through small holes in the broad wall. By translating the laser-focusing lens, the plasma channel could be scanned through the waveguide. A measure of the channel length was obtained by determination of the limits over which scattering is observed. Backscattering channel length measurements were compared with three other measurements (D-dot probe, visible imaging, Schlieren imaging). It was found that visible and Schlieren imaging significantly underestimate the plasma length. Additionally, the plasma length has been studied as a function of lens focal length, laser energy, and neutral gas fill pressure in both pure SF6 and an N-2/SF6 mixture (90%/10%). C1 [Gilmore, M.; Clarke, W. T.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Stoltzfus, B.; Savage, M. E.; Clarke, W. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gilmore, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 595 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800117 ER PT B AU LeChien, K Stygar, W Savage, M McKee, R Bliss, D Wakeland, P Artery, D Baremore, M Jones, P Roznowski, S White, S AF LeChien, K. Stygar, W. Savage, M. McKee, R. Bliss, D. Wakeland, P. Artery, D. Baremore, M. Jones, P. Roznowski, S. White, S. GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE 6.1-MV LASER TRIGGERED GAS-SWITCH ON THE REFURBISHED Z SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A 6.1-MV, 790-kA laser triggered gas switch (LTGS) is utilized to synchronize the 36-modules of the Z-machine at Sandia National Laboratories. The switch is similar to 81-cm in length, 45-cm in diameter, and is immersed in transformer oil. The switch is pulse-charged from a 780-kJ, 6-MV Marx generator in 1.4-mu s. Closure of the switch allows energy stored in a 24-nF intermediate-store water capacitor to flow into subsequent pulse-forming stage. The entire system (36-modules) generates a similar to 70-TW at the present system operating level, but after near term improvements are complete, this level will increase to similar to 100-TW. The initial design of the LTGS exhibited exceptional performance at a 5.4-MV, 700-kA level (1-sigma jitter of similar to 5 ns, prefire and flashover rate less than 0.1%, lifetime in excess of 150 shots) on an engineering test-module utilized for component development. When initially implementing the same design on the 36-module Z-machine, the switch exhibited a prefire probability of similar to 3%, a flashover probability of similar to 7%, and a jitter increase of a factor of 3. The difference in performance is attributed to several factors such as higher coulomb transfer, exposure to a more debris prone environment, and more stressful dynamic mechanical loading when the machine discharges, compared to that of the engineering test module. Under these conditions the replacement lifetime was less than 10 shots, which is unacceptably frequent. Since refurbishment of Z in October 2007, there have been three major LTGS design iterations to improve the performance at a 6.1-MV operating point. The most recent design iteration includes modifications to the switch geometry and electrode and insulating materials that reduces the random prefire rate to less than 0.1%, reduces the flashover rate to similar to 0.2%, reduces single switch jitter to similar to 6-ns, while increasing the average switch life to greater than 50 shots. Modifications and performance improvements are detailed in this manuscript. C1 [LeChien, K.; Stygar, W.; Savage, M.; McKee, R.; Bliss, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1194, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wakeland, P.; Artery, D.; Baremore, M.; Jones, P.; Roznowski, S.; White, S.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP LeChien, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1194, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM krlechi@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories.; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 601 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800118 ER PT B AU Lynn, AG Gilmore, M Devarapalli, NR Savage, ME Stoltzfus, BS AF Lynn, A. G. Gilmore, M. Devarapalli, N. R. Savage, M. E. Stoltzfus, B. S. GP IEEE TI INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS ON A TRIGGERED PLASMA OPENING SWITCH SOURCE SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Plasma opening switches (POS) have a long history in the pulsed-power field[1, 2]. The key idea behind the POS is to use plasma as a high conductivity, low mass conduction channel that acts as a low impedance shunt until displaced by magnetic fields. The Triggered Plasma Opening Switch (TPOS) at Sandia National Laboratories is a unique device that exploits these plasma properties, and opens by applying a magnetic field to move the plasma on a ten-nanosecond time scale. The TPOS's objective is to take the initial similar to 0.8MA (similar to 250ns rise time) storage inductor current and deliver similar to 0.5MA at similar to 2.4MV (similar to 10ns rise time) to a load of similar to 5-10 ohms. Configuration advantages include power gain (output power compared to either input power or trigger power), minimization of trigger input power as the result of using two stages in series, low output jitter, and low closed-state voltage drop. This two-stage design is novel and is the first to demonstrate command triggering of a plasma opening switch. The TPOS utilizes a set of pulsed flashboard-type plasma sources with a dipole guide magnetic field. Here we report measurements of switch plasma parameters obtained by a 120 GHz heterodyne tracking interferometer. In particular, detailed plasma dynamics as a function of azimuthal position, flashboard driving voltage, and guide magnetic field strength are shown. The switch plasma is a key factor in determining switch performance, and these measurements are part of an effort to improve switch operation through better understanding of the switch plasma source spatial and temporal behavior. C1 [Lynn, A. G.; Gilmore, M.; Devarapalli, N. R.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Savage, M. E.; Stoltzfus, B. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lynn, AG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 649 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800128 ER PT B AU Bliss, DE Avila, TG Corley, JP Lechien, KR Ploor, SD Potter, JE Savage, ME Seamen, JJ Struve, KW Woodworth, JR AF Bliss, D. E. Avila, T. G. Corley, J. P. Lechien, K. R. Ploor, S. D. Potter, J. E. Savage, M. E. Seamen, J. J. Struve, K. W. Woodworth, J. R. GP IEEE TI THE PFL "SQUIGGLE:" AN INDEPENDENT MONITOR OF TRIGGER AND CASCADE SECTION RUNTIMES SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The refurbished Z pulsed power driver has been operational since October of 2007 delivering a peak current of similar to 26 MA to the load. A critical component of the refurbished Z accelerator was the Laser Triggered Gas Switch (LTGS) with a maximum proven operating point of 6.5 MV, 820 kA and an overall 1-sigma timing jitter of similar to 6 ns. We have identified a feature in the V-dot monitor on the Pulse Forming Line (PFL) downstream of the LTGS which is indicative of the closure of the trigger section of the switch. The PFL "squiggle" feature allows us to independently measure the runtime of the cascade and trigger sections and identify problems associated with the laser triggering of the switch, such as poor alignment or degrading transmission of the focusing lens. The squiggle also helps characterize the effect of changes in operating conditions and switch design. For the most recent design version of the LTGS, the trigger and cascade section runtimes with +/-1-sigma jitter are 0.8 +/- 1.3 ns and 46 +/- 5.3 ns respectively. The trigger and cascade section runtimes are not correlated suggesting that the trigger and cascade sections operate independently of each other. C1 [Bliss, D. E.; Avila, T. G.; Corley, J. P.; Lechien, K. R.; Ploor, S. D.; Potter, J. E.; Savage, M. E.; Seamen, J. J.; Struve, K. W.; Woodworth, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bliss, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mailstop 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM debliss@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 680 EP 684 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800134 ER PT B AU Glover, SF Schneider, LX Reed, KW Pena, GE Davis, JP Hall, CA Hickman, RJ Hodge, KC Lehr, JM Lucero, DJ McDaniel, DH Puissant, JG Rudys, JM Sceiford, ME Tullar, SJ Van De Valde, DM White, FE AF Glover, S. F. Schneider, L. X. Reed, K. W. Pena, G. E. Davis, J. -P. Hall, C. A. Hickman, R. J. Hodge, K. C. Lehr, J. M. Lucero, D. J. McDaniel, D. H. Puissant, J. G. Rudys, J. M. Sceiford, M. E. Tullar, S. J. Van De Valde, D. M. White, F. E. GP IEEE TI GENESIS: A 5 MA PROGRAMMABLE PULSED POWER DRIVER FOR ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Enabling technologies are being developed at Sandia National Laboratories to improve the performance and flexibility of compact pulsed power drivers for magnetically driven dynamic materials properties research. We have designed a modular system capable of precision current pulse shaping through the selective triggering of pulse forming components into a disk transmission line feeding a strip line load. The system is comprised of two hundred and forty 200 kV, 60 kA modules in a low inductance configuration capable of producing 250-350 kbar of magnetic pressure in a 1.75 nH, 20 mm wide strip line load. The system, called Genesis, measures approximately 5 meters in diameter and is capable of producing shaped currents greater than 5 MA. This performance is enabled through the use of a serviceable solid dielectric insulator system which minimizes the system inductance and reduces the stored energy and operating voltage requirements. Genesis can be programmed by the user to generate precision pulse shapes with rise times of 220-500 ns, allowing characterization of a range of materials from tungsten to polypropylene. This paper provides an overview of the Genesis design including the use of genetic optimization to shape currents through selective module triggering. C1 [Glover, S. F.; Schneider, L. X.; Reed, K. W.; Pena, G. E.; Davis, J. -P.; Hall, C. A.; Hickman, R. J.; Lehr, J. M.; McDaniel, D. H.; Rudys, J. M.; Sceiford, M. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hodge, K. C.; Puissant, J. G.; Tullar, S. J.; White, F. E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Lucero, D. J.; Van De Valde, D. M.] EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Glover, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sfglove@sandia.gov FU Sandia; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX This work was supported by Sandia, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 760 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800150 ER PT B AU Javedani, JB Houck, TL Lahowe, DA Vogtlin, GE Goerz, DA AF Javedani, J. B. Houck, T. L. Lahowe, D. A. Vogtlin, G. E. Goerz, D. A. GP IEEE TI Insulator Surface Flashover Due to UV Illumination SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The surface of an insulator under vacuum and under electrical charge will flashover when illuminated by a critical dose of ultra-violet (UV) radiation - depending on the insulator size and material, insulator cone angle, the applied voltage and insulator shot-history. A testbed comprised of an excimer laser (KIF, 248 nm, similar to 16 MW, 30 ns FWHM,), a vacuum chamber, and a negative polarity dc high voltage power supply (<= -60 kV) were assembled to test 1.0 cm thick angled insulators for surface-flashover. Several candidate insulator materials, e.g. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Rexolite(R) 1400, Macor (TM) and Mycalex, of varying cone angles were tested against UV illumination. Commercial energy Meters were used to measure the UV fluence of the pulsed laser beam. In-house designed and fabricated capacitive probes (D-dots, >12 GHz bandwidth) were embedded in the anode electrode underneath the insulator to determine the time of UV arrival and time of flashover. Of the tested insulators, the +45 degree Rexolite insulator showed more resistance to UV for surface flashover; at UV fluence level of less than 13 mJ/cm(2), it was not possible to induce a flashover for up to -60 kV of DC potential across the insulator's surface. The probes also permitted the electrical charge on the insulator before and after flashover to be inferred. Photon to electron conversion efficiency for the surface of Rexolite insulator was determined from charge-balance equation. In order to understand the physical mechanism leading to flashover, we further experimented with the +45 degree Rexolite insulator by masking portions of the UV beam to illuminate only a section of the insulator surface; 1) the half nearest the cathode and subsequently, 2) the half nearest the anode. The critical UV fluence and time to flashover were measured and the results in each case were then compared with the base case of full-beam illumination. It was discovered that the time for the insulator to flash was earlier in time for the cathode-half beam illumination case than the anode-half illumination case which led us to believe that the flashover mechanism for the UV illumination is initiated from the cathode side of the insulator. Qualitatively stated, the testing revealed that the shielding of the cathode triple point against UV is more important than the anode triple junction in the design of vacuum insulators and electrodes. C1 [Javedani, J. B.; Houck, T. L.; Lahowe, D. A.; Vogtlin, G. E.; Goerz, D. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Javedani, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-154,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. EM javedani1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800163 ER PT B AU Kaul, AM Rousculp, CL AF Kaul, A. M. Rousculp, C. L. GP IEEE TI CURRENT PULSE EFFECTS ON CYLINDRICAL DAMAGE EXPERIMENTS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A series of joint experiments between LANL and VNIIEF use a VNIIEF-designed helical generator to provide currents for driving a LANL-designed cylindrical spallation experimental load. Under proper driving conditions, a cylindrical configuration allows for a natural recollection of the damaged material. In addition, the damaged material is able to come to a complete stop due to its strength, avoiding application of further forces. Thus far, experiments have provided data about failure initiation of a well-characterized material (aluminum) in a cylindrical geometry, behavior of material recollected after damage from pressures in the damage initiation regime, and behavior of material recollected after complete failure. In addition to post-shot collection of the damaged target material for subsequent metallographic analysis, dynamic in-situ experimental diagnostics include velocimetry and transverse radial radiography. This paper will focus on the effects of tailoring the driving current pulse to obtain the desired data. C1 [Kaul, A. M.; Rousculp, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaul, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 953 EP 958 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800188 ER PT B AU Struve, KW Bennett, LF Davis, JP Savage, ME Stoltzfus, BS Waugh, CJ Hinshelwood, DD Wagoner, TC AF Struve, K. W. Bennett, L. F. Davis, J-P. Savage, M. E. Stoltzfus, B. S. Waugh, C. J. Hinshelwood, D. D. Wagoner, T. C. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE UPGRADED Z WITH CIRCUIT PREDICTIONS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Since the completion of the ZR upgrade of the Z accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories in the fall of 2007, many shots have been taken on the accelerator, and there has been much opportunity to compare circuit-code predictions of the performance of the machine with actual measurements. We therefore show comparisons of measurements, and describe a full-circuit, 36-line Bertha circuit model of the machine. The model has been used for both short-pulse and long-pulse (tailored pulse) modes of operation. We also present the as-built circuit parameters of the machine and indicate how these were derived. We discuss enhancements to the circuit model that include 2D effects in the water lines, but show that these have little effect on the fidelity of the simulations. Finally, we discuss how further improvements can be made to handle azimuthal coupling of the multiple lines at the vacuum insulator stack. C1 [Struve, K. W.; Bennett, L. F.; Davis, J-P.; Savage, M. E.; Stoltzfus, B. S.; Waugh, C. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hinshelwood, D. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wagoner, T. C.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Struve, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1144 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800228 ER PT B AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Clark, RE Madrid, EA Miller, CL Mostrom, C Stygar, WA Cuneo, ME Jennings, CA Jones, B Ampleford, DJ Struve, KW AF Rose, D. V. Welch, D. R. Clark, R. E. Madrid, E. A. Miller, C. L. Mostrom, C. Stygar, W. A. Cuneo, M. E. Jennings, C. A. Jones, B. Ampleford, D. J. Struve, K. W. GP IEEE TI ZR-CONVOLUTE ANALYSIS AND MODELING: PLASMA EVOLUTION AND DYNAMICS LEADING TO CURRENT LOSSES SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Post-hole convolutes are used in high-power transmission line systems and join several individual transmission lines in parallel, transferring the combined currents to a single transmission line attached to a load. Magnetic insulation of electron flow, established upstream of the convolute region, is lost at the convolute due, in part, to the formation of magnetic nulls, resulting in current losses. At very high-power operating levels, the formation of electrode plasmas is considered likely which can lead to additional losses. A recent computational analysis of the Sandia Z accelerator suggested that modest plasma desorption rates in the convolute region could explain measured current losses [1]. The recently completed Sandia ZR accelerator has utilized new convolute designs to accommodate changes to the parallel-plate transmission lines on ZR. Detailed particle-in-cell simulations that are fully electromagnetic and relativistic, and include plasma desorption from electrode surfaces in the post-hole convolutes, are carried out to assess the measured current losses on ZR. We find that the plasma desorption rate used to model the Z convolute also applies to three different ZR convolute designs that have been fielded. Based on these findings, the simulation model is being used to develop newer convolute designs with the goal of reducing the current losses, particularly for higher-impedance loads. C1 [Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Clark, R. E.; Madrid, E. A.; Miller, C. L.; Mostrom, C.] Voss Sci LLC, 418 Washington St SE, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Stygar, W. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Jennings, C. A.; Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Struve, K. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, 418 Washington St SE, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM David.Rose@vosssci.com FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. We are grateful for the continued support and interest in this research from Dr. J. Porter, Dr. K. Matzen, and Dr. L. Schneider. All of the numerical simulations presented here were carried out on the Sandia Thunderbird parallel computer facility. We thank all of the systems support staff for their outstanding efforts to enable the completion of these large-scale numerical simulations. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1150 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800229 ER PT B AU Pointon, TD Seidel, DB AF Pointon, T. D. Seidel, D. B. GP IEEE TI CURRENT LOSS IN THE VACUUM SECTION OF THE REFURBISHED Z ACCELERATOR SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID SIMULATION AB There are two contributing factors to the current loss in the vacuum section of the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. Early in time, the loss can be accounted for solely by vacuum electron flow effects. Electrons emitted in the four magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) flow into the convolute and are lost to anode surfaces, particularly in magnetic null regions. These losses can be modeled with standard electromagnetic, particle-in-cell (PIC) methods. Results of detailed 3-D PIC simulations are presented, showing good agreement with experiment early in the pulse, over a range of Z shots. However, late in the pulse, the simulations underestimate the observed loss in experiment, sometimes substantially. Electrode plasma effects in the convolute must be responsible for the additional loss. New PIC models to create an electrode plasma layer from first principles, using electron and ion particles, have been developed. It is shown that very small cell sizes (< 100 pm) are required to accurately resolve the expansion of electrode plasmas with T similar to 1 eV, into an anode-cathode gap with megavolts applied across it. Such small cell sizes are prohibitively small for 3-D convolute simulations. C1 [Pointon, T. D.; Seidel, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pointon, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1152, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tdpoint@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1156 EP 1161 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800230 ER PT B AU Seidel, DB Langston, WL Coats, RS Knudson, MD Lemke, RW Davis, JP Pointon, TD AF Seidel, David B. Langston, William L. Coats, Rebecca S. Knudson, Marcus D. Lemke, Raymond W. Davis, Jean-Paul Pointon, Timothy D. GP IEEE TI AN OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF STRIPLINE LOADS FOR ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The use of stripline, rather than coaxial, load configurations for isentropic compression experiments (ICE) on Sandia's Z accelerator has recently become commonplace. Such loads offer many advantages over previously-developed coaxial loads, but also introduce new issues. In this paper, we will describe the behavior of these stripline loads and examine some of the issues that arise through their use. C1 [Seidel, David B.; Langston, William L.; Coats, Rebecca S.; Knudson, Marcus D.; Lemke, Raymond W.; Davis, Jean-Paul; Pointon, Timothy D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seidel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1162 EP 1167 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800231 ER PT B AU Saewert, G Pfeffer, H AF Saewert, G. Pfeffer, H. GP IEEE TI A STACKED TRANSFORMER MODULATOR THAT DELIVERS HIGH VOLTAGE AT HIGH REP-RATE AND DUTY FACTOR SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A modulator has been built to drive the gun anode of the Tevatron Electron Lenses (TEL) at Fermi lab. High voltage applied to the gun defines electron beam current in order for the TEL to perform beam-beam compensation in the Tevatron on each of the 36 (anti)proton bunches. Every bunch requires its own defined current, and the value of current for each bunch is different with each Tevatron "store". These requirements demand the modulator deliver a complex output voltage waveform with a high duty factor and high repetition rate exceeding 5 kV. The modulator described here utilizes a novel circuit topology employing 5 pulse transformers whose secondaries are connected in series to produce complex voltage waveforms played out repeatedly having peak voltages of 6 kV with average periodic rates up to 423 kHz and short bursts at 2.5 MHz. This paper describes the design approach taken to leverage the virtues of transformers for high rep-rates and duty factors while dealing with the adverse effects of parasitics to achieve speed. Design details and performance results are presented. C1 [Saewert, G.; Pfeffer, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Saewert, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM saewert@fnal.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1177 EP 1182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800234 ER PT B AU LeChien, K Mazarakis, M Fowler, W Stygar, W Long, F McKee, R Natoni, G Porter, J Androlewicz, K Chavez, T Feltz, G Garcia, V Guthrie, D Mock, R Montoya, T Puissant, J Smith, A Wakeland, P Ward, K Van de Valde, D Kim, A AF LeChien, K. Mazarakis, M. Fowler, W. Stygar, W. Long, F. McKee, R. Natoni, G. Porter, J. Androlewicz, K. Chavez, T. Feltz, G. Garcia, V. Guthrie, D. Mock, R. Montoya, T. Puissant, J. Smith, A. Wakeland, P. Ward, K. Van de Valde, D. Kim, A. GP IEEE TI A 1-MV, 1-MA, 0.1-Hz LINEAR TRANSFORMER DRIVER UTILIZING AN INTERNAL WATER TRANSMISSION LINE SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID RADIOGRAPHY; LTD AB Sandia National Laboratories is investigating linear transformer driver (LTD) architecture as a potential replacement of conventional Marx generator based pulsed power systems. Such systems have traditionally been utilized as the primary driver for z-pinch wire-array experiments, radiography, inertial fusion energy (IFE) concepts, and dynamic materials experiments (i.e. ICE). We are developing a 10-cavity LTD voltage adder that has a nominal 1-MV, 1-MA, 1-TW output pulse with a 10 -90% rise-time of similar to 60-ns and FWHM of similar to 150-ns into an optimized impedance load (when synchronizing the triggering of cavities for maximum current). The driver and the peripheral systems are designed for a repetition rate of 6-shots per minute for short intervals. The driver utilizes an internal water insulated transmission line. This system will be utilized for system level conceptual development for many applications, specifically rep-rate and precision pulse-shaping applications. We shall first implement a 1-MA, 0.2-MV, 0.1-Hz 2-cavity voltage adder that will be operational in early 2010 followed by expansion to a 10-cavity system in late 2010. The 2-cavity system is described in this manuscript. C1 [LeChien, K.; Mazarakis, M.; Fowler, W.; Stygar, W.; Long, F.; McKee, R.; Natoni, G.; Porter, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Androlewicz, K.; Chavez, T.; Feltz, G.; Garcia, V.; Guthrie, D.; Mock, R.; Montoya, T.; Puissant, J.; Smith, A.; Wakeland, P.; Ward, K.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Van de Valde, D.] EG&G Tech Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Kim, A.] High Current Elect Inst, Tomsk, Russia. RP LeChien, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM krlechi@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1183 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800235 ER PT B AU Dale, GE Wheat, RM Aragonez, R AF Dale, G. E. Wheat, R. M., Jr. Aragonez, R. GP IEEE TI TESTING A SCALED PULSED MODULATOR FOR AN IEC NEUTRON SOURCE INTO A RESISTIVE LOAD SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A 1/10(th) scaled prototype pulse modulator for an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) neutron source has been designed and tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The scaled prototype modulator is based on a solid-state Marx architecture and has an output voltage of 13 kV and an output current of 10 A. The modulator has a variable pulse width between 50 pis and 1 ms with < 5% droop at all pulse widths. The modulator operates with a duty factor up to 5% and has a maximum pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The use of a solid-state Marx modulator in this application has several potential benefits. These benefits include variable pulse width and amplitude, inherent switch overcurrent and transient overvoltage protection, and increased efficiency over DC supplies used in this application. Several new features were incorporated into this design including inductorless charging, fully snubberless operation, and stage fusing. The scaled prototype modulator has been tested using a 1 k Omega resistive load, Test results are given. Short (50 mu s) and long (1 ms) pulses are demonstrated as well as high duty factor operation (1 kHz rep rate at a 50 mu s pulse width for a 5% duty factor). Pulse agility of the modulator is demonstrated through turning the individual Marx stages on and off in sequence producing ramp, pyramid, and reverse pyramid waveforms. C1 [Dale, G. E.; Wheat, R. M., Jr.; Aragonez, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dale, GE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gedale@lanl.gov RI Dale, Gregory/A-9419-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1236 EP 1240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800246 ER PT B AU Lips, J Garde, J Owen, A Mckee, R Stygar, W AF Lips, J. Garde, J. Owen, A. Mckee, R. Stygar, W. GP IEEE TI MODELING FLUID/STRUCTURAL INTERACTION IN A PULSED POWER ACCELERATOR SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A key component of pulse power technology is the engineering of these complicated structures. The goal of this work is to develop a finite element model that captures the complex physical interactions of all components within the Z machine. A large driver of physical motion in this machine is not found at the target but rather upstream at the water switches. Where this high current passes through the water a strong acoustic wave is generated. The pressure in an individual wave is fairly weak, only approximately 3.45 MPa peak pressure. However, due to the number of these switches (108 total), their axial symmetry, and switch timing, the impulse generated by these waves has the potential to create significant damage within the structure. Modeling this type of fluid/structure interaction (FSI) on this scale pushes many finite element codes to the limit of their capabilities. In order to get the correct input to the model great care must be taken in the selection of a sensor deployed to capture this pressure time history. A number of technologies have been investigated via shock tube testing. In a shock tube a square wave can be transmitted through air or water to the sensor mounted in the tube end cap. From this test the sensor rise time, response frequency, and decay can be evaluated for suitability in this application. Sensor technologies studied include off the shelf quartz pressure sensors, Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), and Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) with thin film TPX. A number of modeling approaches have been investigated during the course of this work including structural/acoustic elements, Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE), and Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL). A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was ultimately selected for this effort. This technique allows the structural mesh (Lagrangian) to occupy the same volume in space as the fluid mesh (Eulerian). A third component, the Eulerian material (water in this case) flows through the Eulerian mesh and interacts with the structure. Techniques for initiating such acoustic waves in the Eulerian domain, as well as techniques for getting the correct reflection/transmission response at the fluid-structure interface have been studied. C1 [Lips, J.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Garde, J.; Owen, A.; Mckee, R.; Stygar, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lips, J (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM jalips@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1263 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800251 ER PT B AU Nelson, D Burke, M Chael, J Ormond, E Cordova, S Molina, I AF Nelson, D. Burke, M. Chael, J. Ormond, E. Cordova, S. Molina, I. GP IEEE TI CYGNUS SOURCE EMISSION SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4 Rads at 1 m, and a 1 mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria. The rod pinch diode in a Cygnus machine uses a small diameter anode rod, which extends through a cathode aperture. The electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod, creating an intense, small x-ray source. The Cygnus sources are utilized as the primary diagnostic on numerous experiments which include high-value, single-shot events. In such applications there is an emphasis on reliability and reproducibility. A shot-to-shot evaluation of the machine performance will be conducted and evaluated using two x-ray pinhole cameras. C1 [Nelson, D.; Burke, M.; Chael, J.; Ormond, E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 238,Mail Stop 944, Mercury, NV 89023 USA. [Cordova, S.; Molina, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nelson, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 238,Mail Stop 944, Mercury, NV 89023 USA. EM dsnelso@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1269 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800252 ER PT B AU Tully, LK Solberg, JM White, DA Goerz, DA Christensen, JS Ferriera, TJ Speer, RD AF Tully, L. K. Solberg, J. M. White, D. A. Goerz, D. A. Christensen, J. S. Ferriera, T. J. Speer, R. D. GP IEEE TI ELECTRO-THERMAL-MECHANICAL VALIDATION EXPERIMENTS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The design of high-performance magnetic flux compression generators and electromagnetic launchers is dependent upon intimate knowledge of the interaction between electromagnetics and solid-thermal mechanics. A coupled 3D electro-thermal-mechanical (ETM) simulation self-consistently solves equations of electromagnetics (primarily magnetostatics and diffusion), heat transfer (primarily conduction), and nonlinear mechanics (primarily elastic-plastic deformation and contact with friction). ALE3D is a heavily used Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian hydrodynamics code with a recently added electromagnetics simulation capability enabling the simulation, design, and optimization of ETM systems. Diablo is a relatively new ASC-class parallel coupled multi-mechanics code built from the legacy technology contained within the well-known LLNL-produced codes DYNA3D, NIKE3D, and TOPAZ3D. The coaxial validation experiment test fixture was developed to provide high-quality experimental data from a controlled environment undergoing large magnetically-induced deformations. This experimental data is particularly useful for the validation of coupling between J x B forces and momentum equations in ALE3D and Diablo. This paper discusses experiments conducted for the validation of recently enhanced electro-thermal-mechanical simulation capabilities at LLNL. The 1 MA coaxial test stand was designed with an interchangeable center conductor to serve as a test piece for flexibility in axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric experiment design. C1 [Tully, L. K.; Solberg, J. M.; White, D. A.; Goerz, D. A.; Christensen, J. S.; Ferriera, T. J.; Speer, R. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Tully, LK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1291 EP 1295 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800256 ER PT B AU White, AD McHale, GB Goerz, DA AF White, A. D. McHale, G. B. Goerz, D. A. GP IEEE TI Advances in Optical Fiber-Based Faraday Rotation Diagnostics SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID POLARIZATION AB In the past two years, we have used optical fiber-based Faraday Rotation Diagnostics (FRDs) to measure pulsed currents on several dozen capacitively driven and explosively driven pulsed power experiments. We have made simplifications to the necessary hardware for quadrature-encoded polarization analysis, including development of an all-fiber analysis scheme. We have developed a numerical model that is useful for predicting and quantifying deviations from the ideal diagnostic response. We have developed a method of analyzing quadrature-encoded FRD data that is simple to perform and offers numerous advantages over several existing methods. When comparison has been possible, we have seen good agreement with our FRDs and other current sensors. C1 [White, A. D.; McHale, G. B.; Goerz, D. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP White, AD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-153, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1355 EP 1360 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800269 ER PT B AU White, AD Anderson, RA Ferriera, TJ Goerz, DA AF White, A. D. Anderson, R. A. Ferriera, T. J. Goerz, D. A. GP IEEE TI Frequency-Domain Methods for Characterization of Pulsed Power Diagnostics SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB This paper discusses methods of frequency-domain characterization of pulsed power sensors using vector network analyzer and spectrum analyzer techniques that offer significant simplification over time-domain methods, while mitigating or minimizing the effect of the difficulties present in time domain characterization. These methods are applicable to characterization of a wide variety of sensors. C1 [White, A. D.; Anderson, R. A.; Ferriera, T. J.; Goerz, D. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP White, AD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-153, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1361 EP 1364 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800270 ER PT B AU Wheat, RM Dale, GE AF Wheat, Robert M., Jr. Dale, Gregory E. GP IEEE TI MULTIPLE OUTPUT TIMING AND TRIGGER GENERATOR SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB In support of the development of a multiple stage pulse modulator at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, we have developed a first generation, multiple output timing and trigger generator. Exploiting Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Micro Controller Units (MCU's), the timing and trigger generator provides 32 independent outputs with a timing resolution of about 500 ns. The timing and trigger generator system is comprised of two MCU boards and a single PC. One of the MCU boards performs the functions of the timing and signal generation (the timing controller) while the second MCU board accepts commands from the PC and provides the timing instructions to the timing controller. The PC provides the user interface for adjusting the on and off timing for each of the output signals. This system provides 32 output or timing signals which can be pre-programmed to be in an on or off state for each of 64 time steps. The width or duration of each of the 64 time steps is programmable from 2 mu s to 2.5 ms with a minimum time resolution of 500 ns. The repetition rate of the programmed pulse train is only limited by the time duration of the programmed event. This paper describes the design and function of the timing and trigger generator system and software including test results and measurements. C1 [Wheat, Robert M., Jr.; Dale, Gregory E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wheat, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS H-851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rwheat@lanl.gov; gedale@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1369 EP 1372 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800272 ER PT B AU Kemp, MA Burkhart, C Nguyen, MN Anderson, DE AF Kemp, Mark A. Burkhart, Craig Nguyen, Minh N. Anderson, David E. GP IEEE TI A Fusing Switch for Fault Suppression in the SNS High Voltage Converter Modulators SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB The High Voltage Converter Modulators (HVCMs) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) have operated in excess of a combined 250,000 hours. Performance and reliability improvements to the HVCM are ongoing to increase modulator availability as accelerator system demands increase. There is a relatively large amount of energy storage in the HVCMs, similar to 180 kJ. This energy can be released into unsuppressed faults, cause damage, and increase the time to repair. The "fusing switch" would provide a means to isolate this stored energy from the location of the most common faults. This paper introduces this concept and its application to the HVCMs. C1 [Kemp, Mark A.; Burkhart, Craig; Nguyen, Minh N.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Mail Stop 49, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anderson, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kemp, MA (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Mail Stop 49, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mkemp@slac.stanford.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Work the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1383 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800275 ER PT B AU Glover, SF Zutavern, FJ Swalby, ME Cich, MJ Loubriel, G Mar, A White, FE AF Glover, S. F. Zutavern, F. J. Swalby, M. E. Cich, M. J. Loubriel, G. Mar, A. White, F. E. GP IEEE TI PULSED AND DC CHARGED PCSS BASED TRIGGER GENERATORS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID SWITCHES AB Prior to this research, we have developed high-gain, GaAs, photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) to trigger 50-300 kV high voltage switches (HVSs). We have demonstrated that PCSSs can trigger a variety of pulsed power switches operating at 50-300kV by locating the trigger generator directly at the HVS. This was demonstrated for two types of DC-charged trigatrons and two types of field distortion mid-plane switches, including a +/- 100 kVDC switch produced by the High Current Electronics Institute (HCEI) used in the linear transformer driver. The lowest rms jitter obtained from triggering a HS with a PCSS was 100 ps from a 300 kV pulse-charged trigatron. PCSSs are the key component in these independently timed, fiber-optically controlled, low jitter trigger generators (TGs) for HVSs. TGs are critical subsystems for reliable, efficient pulsed power facilities because they control the timing synchronization and amplitude variation of multiple pulse forming lines that combine to produce the total system output. Future facility scale pulsed power systems are even more dependent on triggering, as they consist of many more triggered HVSs and produce shaped-pulses by independent timing of the HVSs. As pulsed power systems become more complex, the complexity of the associated trigger systems also increases. One means to reduce this complexity is to allow the trigger system to be charged directly from the voltage appearing across the HVS. However, for slow or DC charged pulsed power systems this can be particularly challenging as the DC hold off of the PCSS dramatically declines. This paper presents results seeking to address HVS performance requirements over large operating ranges by triggering using a pulsed charged PCSS based TG. Switch operating conditions as low as 45% of self break were achieved. A DC charged PCSS based TG is also introduced and demonstrated over a 39 kV - 61 kV operating range. DC charged PCSS allow the TG to be directly charged from slow or DC charged pulsed power systems. GaAs PCSSs and neutron irradiated GaAs (n-GaAs) PCSSs were used to investigate the DC charged operation. C1 [Glover, S. F.; Zutavern, F. J.; Swalby, M. E.; Cich, M. J.; Loubriel, G.; Mar, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [White, F. E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Glover, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sfglove@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1441 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800287 ER PT B AU Zutavern, FJ Glover, SF Swalby, ME Cich, MJ Mar, A Loubriel, G Roose, LD White, FE AF Zutavern, F. J. Glover, S. F. Swalby, M. E. Cich, M. J. Mar, A. Loubriel, G. Roose, L. D. White, F. E. GP IEEE TI GaAs PCSSs FOR DC APPLICATIONS SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA ID SWITCHES AB As the demand for greater flexibility and increased energy density moves highly interactive components closer together in pulsed power systems, the development of technologies for less complex and more robust system designs is critical. A key system component that impacts these goals is the trigger generator (TG). Inexpensive, compact, fiber-optically controlled TGs that deliver trigger pulses with sub-nanosecond jitter have been created with photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) [1]. A further simplification in pulsed power design is to move from pulsed to DC charged components. This paper reports results from DC charged GaAs PCSSs with 0.25-1.0 cm gaps extending previously reported results on smaller devices at 3 kV [2] to a new regime of 100 kV. High voltage GaAs PCSSS are typically pulsed charged for less than 100 mu s so that they can hold-off 60-100 kV/cm without self-triggering into high-gain (lock-on) switching or initiating surface flashover. To hold-off high fields for longer periods and extend GaAs PCSSS to DC applications, we have utilized neutron irradiated GaAs (n-GaAs). Neutron irradiation in GaAs increases the defect density, shortens the carrier recombination time, and (for devices with large insulating regions) reduces the dark current, which improves DC hold-off strength. PCSS contacts in this research were created using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to produce high adhesion and low contact resistance [3,4]. However, this can reduce the defect density near the contacts by annealing some of the n-induced defects. Hence, a range of RTA temperatures and n doses were studied to understand the tradeoff space for contact adhesion and DC hold-off. This paper and another at this conference [5] present preliminary results from I-V characterization, DC hold-off, and switching tests on GaAs and n-GaAs PCSSS. These PCSS devices were demonstrated to hold off fields of 39-61 kVDC/cm, respectively. Irradiation doses over a range of 3x10(13)-1 x10(15) (1 MeV Si equiv.) were explored in search of optimal performance. Additionally the impact of the fabrication processes on the benefits of irradiation is explored and the observation of unusual low frequency oscillations during GaAs I-V testing is discussed. C1 [Zutavern, F. J.; Glover, S. F.; Swalby, M. E.; Cich, M. J.; Mar, A.; Loubriel, G.; Roose, L. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [White, F. E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Zutavern, FJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fjzutav@sandia.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corp. for the US DOE under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1445 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800288 ER PT B AU Lind, RF Love, LJ Rowe, JC Pin, FG AF Lind, Randall F. Love, Lonnie J. Rowe, John C. Pin, Francois G. GP IEEE TI Multi-Axis Foot Reaction Force/Torque Sensor for Biomedical Applications SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St. Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot AB To support an Oak Ridge National Laboratory programs exoskeleton project, a unique multi-axis foot force/torque sensor was constructed and tested that has biomedical application such as clinical gait analysis. The challenging aspect of this multi-axis force sensor is that it had to conform to the bending of the human foot, withstand high impact loads, have high force sensitivity, feel comfortable to the human wearer, be integrated into a military style boot, measure the forces on the human foot when either the ball or the heel of the foot is in contact with the ground, respond to both positive and negative loading and have a low overall height and weight. This paper describes the design and testing of this unique sensor. C1 [Lind, Randall F.; Love, Lonnie J.; Rowe, John C.; Pin, Francois G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lind, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lindrf@ornl.gov; lovelj@ornl.gov; rowejc@ornl.gov; pinfg@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2575 EP 2579 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5353917 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901111 ER PT B AU Noakes, MW Lind, RF Jansen, JF Love, LJ Pin, FG Richardson, BS AF Noakes, Mark W. Lind, Randall F. Jansen, John F. Love, Lonnie J. Pin, Francois G. Richardson, Bradley S. GP IEEE TI Development of a Remote Trauma Care Assist Robot SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), Soc Instruments & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot DE Multiple end-effecters; nurse robot; surgical robot; telesurgery; smart tooling ID OPERATING-ROOM; SURGERY; SYSTEM AB In typical teleoperated surgeries, skilled staff are still necessary in the remote surgical room to change manipulator tooling and to manage surgical supply delivery and removal. This paper describes the development of a nurse robot to provide automated support to a teleoperated surgical manipulator system in environments where the presence of skilled surgical support staff may not be practical. The tools must be inserted precisely into a compliant manipulator in a timely manner, and the supplies are diverse in nature. To support experimental investigations and evaluations, a seven degrees-of-freedom commercially available manipulator was selected. The design of novel end-effecters, tool grasping and supply holding features, and tool auto-loading systems for optimum surgical tool changing and supply delivery in minimum time is presented. A novel approach for calibration of the nurse robot among compliant and rigid subsystems and for managing forces during subsystem interaction is described and experimental results using this force management approach are presented. Overall experimental performance data for the nurse robot system during tool changing and supply delivery tasks is also presented to illustrate the feasibility of performing these functions in a remote medical or trauma care-assist cell. C1 [Noakes, Mark W.; Lind, Randall F.; Jansen, John F.; Love, Lonnie J.; Pin, Francois G.; Richardson, Bradley S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Noakes, MW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM noakesmw@ornl.gov; lindrf@ornl.gov; jansenjf@ornl.gov; lovelj@ornl.gov; pinfg@ornl.gov; richardsonbs@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2580 EP 2585 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5353918 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901112 ER PT B AU Love, LJ Lind, RF Jansen, JF AF Love, Lonnie J. Lind, Randall F. Jansen, John F. GP IEEE TI Mesofluidic Actuation for Articulated Finger and Hand Prosthetics SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St. Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot ID MOTION; RANGE AB The loss of fingers and hands severely limits career and lifestyle options for the amputee. Unfortunately, while there have been strides made in advancements of upper arm and leg prosthetics, the state of the art in prosthetic hands is lagging far behind. Options are generally limited to claw like devices that provide limited gripping capacity. The overall objective of this paper is to demonstrate a path towards a low-cost prosthetic hand with multiple articulated fingers and a thumb that rivals the human hand in terms of weight, size, dexterity, range of motion, force carrying capacity and speed. We begin with a description of the functional requirements for a human hand. When comparing requirements with actuation technologies, the fluid power approach has the potential to realize a prosthetic hand that rivals a human hand in size, strength and dexterity. We introduce a new actuation technology, mesofluidics, that focuses on miniaturization of fluid power to the meso-scale (mm to cm). As a novel demonstration of the potential for this technology, we describe a proof-of-principle mesofluidic finger that has intrinsic actuation and control (actuators and control valves within the volume of the finger). This finger weighs 63 grams, is sized to the 50(th) percentile male finger, has a total of 25 mechanical parts and is capable of providing 10 kg (22 lbs) of pinch force. C1 [Love, Lonnie J.; Lind, Randall F.; Jansen, John F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Love, LJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lovelj@ornl.gov; lindrf@ornl.gov; jansenjf@ornl.gov RI Love, Lonnie/P-3010-2015 OI Love, Lonnie/0000-0002-5934-7135 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2586 EP 2591 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5353919 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901113 ER PT B AU Love, LJ Jansen, JF Lloyd, PD AF Love, Lonnie J. Jansen, John F. Lloyd, Peter D. GP IEEE TI Force-Based Needle Insertion for Medical Applications SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), Soc Instruments & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot AB Needle insertion is pervasive in almost all medical activities. The development of compact, lightweight automated tools for needle insertion with the reliability of an expert needle-inserting nurse could significantly reduce the risk to both civilian and military patients. Such tools could open the door to many advanced concepts for future medicine by being an "enabler" of one of the first actions in almost all procedures. The purpose of this paper is to discuss two force-based devices that address the needle insertion problem: a compliance-sensing system that mimics the nurse palpation to determine the best needle insertion point across a vein, and a needle insertion device that uses force-based profiles during insertion to achieve successful catheterization without puncturing the vein back wall. The methodologies and implementation approaches for the two enabling systems are described. Experimental data obtained with training pads and phantom arms are presented and discussed. C1 [Love, Lonnie J.; Jansen, John F.; Lloyd, Peter D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Love, LJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lovelj@ornl.gov; jansenjf@ornl.gov; lloydpd@ornl.gov RI Love, Lonnie/P-3010-2015 OI Love, Lonnie/0000-0002-5934-7135 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2592 EP 2597 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5353920 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901114 ER PT B AU Walker, DS Thoma, DJ Niemeyer, G AF Walker, Daniel S. Thoma, Dan J. Niemeyer, Guenter GP IEEE TI Variable Impedance Magnetorheological Clutch Actuator and Telerobotic Implementation SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), Soc Instruments & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot ID FLUIDS; ROBOT; SAFE AB Variable impedance actuation is characterized by the ability to independently set output force and output impedance for a robotic device. Adjusting the output impedance in real-time allows a device to better adapt to a variety of tasks, operate in human-like fashion, and support human safety. This paper focuses on a Series Clutch Actuator based on magnetorheological fluid which allows a fast, electrical change of the impedance while maintaining good force tracking. In particular the mechanical clutch can alter the high-frequency impedance, decoupling the motor inertia and thus reducing impact forces. We present the mechanical clutch design and a control system architecture to automatically adjust the fluid magnetization level and leverage the clutch benefits. Experiments verify torque tracking and impact force reduction both in autonomous and telerobotic operation. The actuator was designed and manufactured in collaboration with the Materials Design Institute at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and is tested in a single degree of freedom demonstration. C1 [Walker, Daniel S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. [Niemeyer, Guenter] Stanford Univ, Fac Mech Engn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thoma, Dan J.] Mat Design Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walker, DS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. EM daniel.walker@stanford.edu; thoma@lanl.gov; gunter.niemeyer@stanford.edu FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Materials Design Institute at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and financial support from the Materials Design Institute at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Additionally, we thank Josef Schillig for electromagnetic and mechanical design advice, John Balog for mechanical design advice and manufacturing, and John Brunner for manufacturing efforts NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2885 EP 2891 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5354689 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901160 ER PT B AU Hamel, WR Humphreys, HC Nycz, A Park, JK Noakes, MW AF Hamel, William R. Humphreys, Heather C. Nycz, Andrzej Park, Joong-kyoo Noakes, Mark W. GP IEEE TI Large Scale Multi-Fingered End-Effector Teleoperation SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), Soc Instruments & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot AB Large multi-fingered end-effectors have promise to provide the added dexterity needed for manipulation while decreasing the amount of special fixturing required for tooling and object manipulation common to remote handling operations in hazardous and unstructured environments such as those in the nuclear domain. This paper presents the integration of a heavy-duty three-fingered articulated hand with a Schilling Titan hydraulic manipulator that is part of a comprehensive telerobotics test bed. Experiments demostrated that a multi-fingered end effector approach has distinct benefits and advantages. C1 [Hamel, William R.; Humphreys, Heather C.; Nycz, Andrzej; Park, Joong-kyoo] Univ Tennessee, Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Noakes, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Energet Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hamel, WR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM whamel@utk.edu; noakesmw@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 3304 EP 3310 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5354015 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901225 ER PT B AU Chen, BY Lemmond, TD Hanley, WG AF Chen, Barry Y. Lemmond, Tracy D. Hanley, William G. GP IEEE TI Building Ultra-Low False Alarm Rate Support Vector Classifier Ensembles Using Random Subspaces SO 2009 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA MINING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE AB This paper presents the Cost-Sensitive Random Subspace Support Vector Classifier (CS-RS-SVC), a new learning algorithm that combines random subspace sampling and bagging with Cost-Sensitive Support Vector Classifiers to more effectively address detection applications burdened by unequal misclassification requirements. When compared to its conventional, non-cost-sensitive counterpart on a two-class signal detection application, random subspace sampling is shown to very effectively leverage the additional flexibility offered by the Cost-Sensitive Support Vector Classifier, yielding a more than four-fold increase in the detection rate at a false alarm rate (FAR) of zero. Moreover, the CS-RS-SVC is shown to be fairly robust to constraints on the feature subspace dimensionality, enabling reductions in computation time of up to 82% with minimal performance degradation. C1 [Chen, Barry Y.; Lemmond, Tracy D.; Hanley, William G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chen, BY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chen52@llnl.gov; lemmond1@llnl.gov; hanley3@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2765-9 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLZ20 UT WOS:000271487700001 ER PT B AU Markel, T Kuss, M Denholm, P AF Markel, Tony Kuss, Michael Denholm, Paul GP IEEE TI Communication and Control of Electric Drive Vehicles Supporting Renewables SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE Electric Vehicle (EV); PEV; PHEV; Plug-in hybrid; PHEV; vehicle to grid; V2G; renewable energy integration; renewable energy variability AB The coming intersection between a growing electrified vehicle fleet and desired growth in renewable electricity generation presents an opportunity for synergistic value. Some types of renewable electricity generation are variable and intermittent, and rarely coincident with utility load pattern. Vehicles are typically parked 90% of the time, and the batteries are a significant capital investment. In this paper we discuss the intersection of these two growth areas, the technology needed for integration, and several potential scenarios highlighting the limitations and opportunities for renewable energy resources to fuel electrified vehicles of the future. C1 [Markel, Tony; Kuss, Michael; Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Markel, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Tony.markel@nrel.gov; Michael.kuss@nrel.gov; Paul.denholm@nrel.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000005 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Tang, LX Wu, ZQ AF Su, Gui-Jia Tang, Lixin Wu, Zhiqiao GP IEEE TI Extended Constant-Torque and Constant-Power Speed Range Control of Permanent Magnet Machine Using a Current Source Inverter SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE Current source inverter; PM motor control; traction drive; entended speed control; voltage boost ID INDUCTION-MOTOR DRIVES; SYSTEM; VOLTAGE; OUTPUT AB High-performance interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine drives using a current source inverter (CSI) are being studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This paper focuses on extending the constant-torque and constant-power operation ranges of an IPM machine by utilizing the voltage-boosting capability of the CSI. An equivalent circuit model of the IPM machine, including the inverter ac filter capacitors and the motor core-loss resistor, is presented and used to ensure the tracking of the torque-producing current of the PM machine to the commanded value under all operating conditions. A novel control strategy is proposed to achieve both minimum system losses and high system performance over the entire operating range, including the field-weakening region. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the functionality of the boost mechanism, the effectiveness of the equivalent circuit model, and the proposed control scheme. C1 [Su, Gui-Jia; Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiao] Johnson Controls, York, PA USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov; Zhiqiao.Wu@jci.com RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1938-8756 BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000018 ER PT B AU Otaduy, PJ Adams, DJ AF Otaduy, P. J. Adams, D. J. GP IEEE TI Advanced Vehicles with Dynamically Reconfigurable Number of Stator Turns SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE AB This paper presents technical justification for implementing the capability to change automatically the effective number of turns in the stator of propulsion motors while they run, adapting to changes in speed and load of the vehicle. Our simulation studies show significant potential benefits on efficiency and battery size in a typical electrically propelled vehicle when the stator of its IPM motor is modified to be able to switch between its standard and twice the number of turns, as it operates. Along eight different standard driving cycles, the reference vehicle with a motor modified to switch between 9 and 18 stator-turns showed better utilization of the available voltage, lower stator currents, better efficiency in the motor, power electronics, battery, and cabling as well as higher overall vehicle system efficiency, than an identical vehicle with an unmodified motor having 9 fixed stator turns. In addition, the size and cost of the battery with the switching-capable motor can potentially be reduced and the need for voltage boosting to meet the power demand in some of the driving cycles can potentially be eliminated. For a fully electric EV configuration, the vehicle with the reconfigurable turn motor consumed between 4% and 27% less energy and required between 5% and 20% less peak power than the vehicle with the conventional 9-turn motor, depending on the driving cycle. For a hybrid, HEY configuration, the vehicle with the reconfigurable turn motor consumed between 13% and 23% less electrical energy and required between 16% and 39% less electric power than the vehicle with the conventional 9-turn motor, depending on the driving cycle. C1 [Otaduy, P. J.; Adams, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Otaduy, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. EM otaduypj@ornl.gov; adamsdj@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 144 EP 149 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000025 ER PT B AU Bennion, K Kelly, K AF Bennion, Kevin Kelly, Kenneth GP IEEE TI Rapid Modeling of Power Electronics Thermal Management Technologies SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE power electronics; thermal management; thermal control; thermal resistance; hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; fuel cell vehicle AB A methodology was developed to rapidly evaluate trade-offs associated with alternative packaging configurations and thermal management technologies for power electronics packaging. The methodology includes the integration of available experimental correlations, computational fluid dynamics results, parametric 3D finite element analysis (FEA) thermal models, and established heat exchanger analysis techniques. The parametric 3D FEA model enables sensitivity studies related to the power module package configuration and cooling technologies. This paper focuses on the study of alternative cooling technologies as they are applied to a fixed power module package. The methodology is applied to a double-sided power module package for several alternative cooling technologies. C1 [Bennion, Kevin; Kelly, Kenneth] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO USA. RP Bennion, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 562 EP 569 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000090 ER PT S AU Gonder, J Brooker, A Carlson, RB Smart, J AF Gonder, Jeff Brooker, Aaron Carlson, Richard Barney Smart, John GP IEEE TI Deriving In-Use PHEV Fuel Economy Predictions from Standardized Test Cycle Results SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); vehicle testing; in-use; real-world; fuel economy; adjustment procedures AB Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce or eliminate the United States' dependence on foreign oil. Quantifying the amount of petroleum each uses, however, is challenging. To estimate in-use fuel economy for conventional vehicles, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducts chassis dynamometer tests on standard historic drive cycles and then adjusts the resulting "raw" fuel economy measurements downward. Various publications, such as the forthcoming update to the SAE J1711 recommended practice for PHEV fuel economy testing, address the challenges of applying standard test procedures to PHEVs. This paper explores the issue of how to apply an adjustment method to such raw PHEV dynamometer test results in order to more closely estimate the in-use fuel and electricity consumption characteristics of these vehicles. The paper discusses two possible adjustment methods, and evaluates one method by applying it to dynamometer data and comparing the result to in-use fleet data (on an aftermarket conversion PHEV). The paper also presents the methodologies used to collect the data needed for this comparison. The predictions using the proposed method are shown to provide close agreement with the in-use observations when the actual fleet charging characteristics are included. C1 [Gonder, Jeff; Brooker, Aaron] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80841 USA. [Carlson, Richard Barney; Smart, John] Idaho Natl Lab, Adv Vehicle Test Activ, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Carlson, Richard Barney] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gonder, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80841 USA. EM Jeff.Gonder@nrel.gov; Aaron.Brooker@nrel.gov; Richard.Carlson@inl.gov; John.Smart@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy FX Support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1938-8756 BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000091 ER PT B AU Shidore, N Kwon, J Vyas, A AF Shidore, Neeraj Kwon, Jason Vyas, Anant GP IEEE TI Trade-off between PHEV fuel efficiency and estimated battery cycle life with cost analysis SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE plug-in hybrid vehicles; PHEV; fuel economy; battery cycle life; cost analysis AB The battery life and cost of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are two key factors that impede the introduction of PHEVs in the current market. For a given drive pattern, battery cycle life has an inverse relationship with battery utilization, and gasoline savings (petroleum displacement) has a direct correlation with battery utilization. This paper attempts to determine the trade-off between battery cycle life and gasoline fuel savings by varying the battery utilization for a fixed distance and drive pattern. By varying the vehicle energy management, different battery utilization scenarios are created. Battery hardware-in-the-loop (a real battery tested in a virtual vehicle) is used to evaluate battery utilization under different vehicle energy management scenarios. The virtual vehicle is a real-time simulation of a power-split midsize vehicle, developed by using Argonne's Powertrain Simulation Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). The real battery is the JCS VL41M 10-kWH lithium-ion PHEV battery. Cost analysis provides insights into the economic impact of the above trade-off. C1 [Shidore, Neeraj; Kwon, Jason; Vyas, Anant] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Shidore, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM nshidore@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 596 EP 604 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000095 ER PT S AU O'Keefe, M Vlahinos, A AF O'Keefe, Michael Vlahinos, Andreas GP IEEE TI Impacts of Cooling Technology on Solder Fatigue for Power Modules in Electric Traction Drive Vehicles SO 2009 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 09) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Dearborn, MI SP IEEE DE power electronics; reliability; jet impingement; solder joint fatigue ID STRESSES AB This paper presents three power module cooling topologies that are being considered for use in electric traction drive vehicles such as a hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, or electric vehicle. The impact on the fatigue life of solder joints for each cooling option is investigated along with the thermal performance. Considering solder joint reliability and thermal performance, topologies using indirect jet impingement look attractive. C1 [O'Keefe, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Vlahinos, Andreas] Adv Engn Sol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP O'Keefe, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Michael.OKeefe@nrel.gov; andreas@aes.nu FU Department of Energy Vehical Technologies Program FX We would like to acknowledge Susan Rogers, Program Manager, U.S. Department of Energy Vehical Technologies Program, for her continued support and funding. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1938-8756 BN 978-1-4244-2600-3 J9 IEEE VEHICLE POWER PY 2009 BP 1024 EP 1030 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BPT91 UT WOS:000279924000164 ER PT B AU Awekar, A Samatova, NF AF Awekar, Amit Samatova, Nagiza F. BE BaezaYates, R Berendt, B Bertino, E Lim, EP Pasi, G TI Fast Matching for All Pairs Similarity Search SO 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCES ON WEB INTELLIGENCE (WI) AND INTELLIGENT AGENT TECHNOLOGIES (IAT), VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI)/Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), CY SEP 15-18, 2009 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Web Intelligence Consortium, ACM, Banca Popolare Sondrio, Comune Milano, Yahoo Res, DocFlow Italia SpA, IEEE, Univ Studi Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Informat, Sistemist & Comunicaz AB All pairs similarity search is the problem of finding all pairs of records that have a similarity score above the specified threshold. Many real-world systems like search engines, online social networks, and digital libraries frequently have to solve this problem for datasets having millions of records in a high dimensional space, which are often sparse. The challenge is to design algorithms with feasible time requirements. To meet this challenge, algorithms have been proposed based on the inverted index, which maps each dimension to a list of records with non-zero projection along that dimension. Common to these algorithms is a three-phase framework of data preprocessing, pairs matching, and indexing. Matching is the most time-consuming phase. Within this framework, we propose fast matching technique that uses the sparse nature of real-world data to effectively reduce the size of the search space through a systematic set of tighter filtering conditions and heuristic optimizations. We integrate our technique with the fastest-to-date algorithm in the field and achieve up to 6.5X speed-up on three large real-world datasets. C1 [Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM acwekar@ncsu.edu; samatovan@ornl.gov FU LLC U.S. D.O.E [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX We thank Paul Breimyer of NCSU for thoughtful comments and suggestions. This work is performed as part of the Scientific Data Management Center (http://sdmcenter.lbl.gov) under the Department of Energys Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program (http://www.scidac.org). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-5331-3 PY 2009 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BPS64 UT WOS:000279800000043 ER PT B AU Haack, J Cowell, A Marshall, E Fligg, K Gregory, M McGrath, L AF Haack, Jereme Cowell, Andrew Marshall, Eric Fligg, Keith Gregory, Michelle McGrath, Liam BE BaezaYates, R Berendt, B Bertino, E Lim, EP Pasi, G TI Agent-Based Knowledge Discovery for Modeling & Simulation SO 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCES ON WEB INTELLIGENCE (WI) AND INTELLIGENT AGENT TECHNOLOGIES (IAT), VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI)/Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), CY SEP 15-18, 2009 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Web Intelligence Consortium, ACM, Banca Popolare Sondrio, Comune Milano, Yahoo Res, DocFlow Italia SpA, IEEE, Univ Studi Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Informat, Sistemist & Comunicaz DE agents; knowledge management; discovery AB This paper describes extending the automated discovery mechanism of the Knowledge Encapsulation Framework (KEF) through the use of agent technology. KEF is a suite of tools to enable the linking of knowledge inputs (relevant, domain-specific evidence) to modeling and simulation projects, as well as other domains that require an effective collaborative workspace for knowledge-based tasks. This framework can be used to capture evidence (e.g., trusted material such as journal articles and government reports), discover new evidence (covering both trusted and social media), enable discussions surrounding domain-specific topics and provide automatically generated semantic annotations for improved corpus investigation. The current KEF design is described along with the new agent based knowledge management system, which addresses the weaknesses of the current knowledge acquisition approach. C1 [Haack, Jereme; Cowell, Andrew; Marshall, Eric; Fligg, Keith; Gregory, Michelle; McGrath, Liam] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Haack, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jereme.haack@pnl.gov; andrew@pnl.gov; eric.marshall@pnl.gov; keith.fligg@pnl.gov; michelle@pnl.gov; liam.mcgrath@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-5331-3 PY 2009 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BPS67 UT WOS:000279801400133 ER PT B AU Taerat, N Naksinehaboon, N Chandler, C Elliott, J Leangsuksun, C Ostrouchov, G Scott, SL Engelmann, C AF Taerat, Narate Naksinehaboon, Nichamon Chandler, Clayton Elliott, James Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box) Ostrouchov, George Scott, Stephen L. Engelmann, Christian GP IEEE TI Blue Gene/L Log Analysis and Time To Interrupt Estimation SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY (ARES), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 16-19, 2009 CL Fukuoka Inst Technol, Fukuoka, JAPAN HO Fukuoka Inst Technol AB System- and application-level failures could be characterized by analyzing relevant log riles. The resulting data might then be used in numerous studies on and future developments for the mission-critical and large scale computational architecture, including fields such as failure prediction, reliability modeling, performance modeling and power awareness. In this paper, system logs covering a six month period of the Blue Gene/L supercomputer were obtained and subsequently analyzed. Temporal filtering was applied to remove duplicated log messages. Optimistic and pessimistic perspectives were exerted on filtered log information to observe failure behavior within the system. Further, various time to repair factors were applied to obtain application time to interrupt, which will be exploited in further resilience modeling research. C1 [Taerat, Narate; Naksinehaboon, Nichamon; Chandler, Clayton; Elliott, James; Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box)] Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Ostrouchov, George; Scott, Stephen L.; Engelmann, Christian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taerat, N (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM nta008@latech.edu; nna003@latech.edu; cfc004@latech.edu; jje011@latech.edu; box@latech.edu; ostrouchovg@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3572-2 PY 2009 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2009.105 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLN85 UT WOS:000270612000023 ER PT B AU Epstein, RI AF Epstein, Richard I. BE Chakrabarti, P Jit, S Pandey, A TI Photonic and Electronic Cooling SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS (ELECTRO-2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electronic and Photonic Devices and Systems CY DEC 22-24, 2009 CL Varanasi, INDIA DE component; refrigeration; energy scavenging; anti-Stokes; electrocaloric ID REFRIGERATION AB Thermal management, which is usually regarded as the domain of mechanical engineering, actually offers exciting opportunities for photonics and electronics. This talk will describe research at Los Alamos National Laboratory and at the University of New Mexico on optical refrigeration and on thin-film electrocaloric heat engines. In optical refrigeration, the goal is to cool solids, typically rare-earth doped glasses and crystals or direct-band-gap semiconductors, to cryogenic temperatures by anti-Stokes luminescence. The best result so far is the cooling of a Yb:YLF crystal to 155 K from room temperature. Thin-film heat engines use a layer of electrocaloric material sandwiched between two thin-film heat switches to provide near-room-temperature cooling or to extract electrical power from heat flows. With heat switches based on liquid crystals, thin-film heat engines should be competitive with thermoelectric devices. With more effective heat switches, thin-film heat engines may rival vapor compression devices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Epstein, RI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM epstein@unm.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4846-3 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BUR90 UT WOS:000290184600001 ER PT B AU Stephan, E Halter, T Gibson, T Beagley, N Schuchardt, K AF Stephan, Eric Halter, Todd Gibson, Tara Beagley, Nathaniel Schuchardt, Karen GP IEEE TI A Multi-Tier Provenance Model for Global Climate Research SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Network Based Information Systems CY AUG 19-21, 2009 CL Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Indianapolis, ID HO Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis DE provenance; climate AB Global climate researchers rely upon many forms of sensor data and analytical methods to help profile subtle changes in climate conditions. The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program provides researchers with curated Value Added Products (VAPs) resulting from continuous instrumentation streams, data fusion, and analytical profiling. The ARM operational staff and software development teams (data producers) rely upon a number of techniques to ensure strict quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) standards are maintained. Climate researchers (data consumers) are highly interested in obtaining as much provenance evidence as possible to establish data trustworthiness. Currently all the evidence is not easily attainable or identifiable without significant efforts to extract and piece together information from configuration files, log files, codes, or status information on the ARM website. Our objective is to identify a provenance model that serves the needs of both the VAP producers and consumers. This paper shares our initial results - a comprehensive multi-tier provenance model. We describe how both ARM operations staff and the climate research community can greatly benefit from this approach to more effectively assess and quantify the data historical record. C1 [Stephan, Eric; Halter, Todd; Gibson, Tara; Beagley, Nathaniel; Schuchardt, Karen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stephan, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eric.Stephan@pnl.gov; Todd.Halter@pnl.gov; Tara.Gibson@pnl.gov; Nathaniel.Beagley@pnl.gov; Karen.Schuchardt@pnl.gov OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4746-6 PY 2009 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1109/NBiS.2009.16 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOP32 UT WOS:000277210700075 ER PT S AU Yoshii, K Iskra, K Naik, H Beckman, P Broekema, PC AF Yoshii, Kazutomo Iskra, Kamil Naik, Harish Beckman, Pete Broekema, P. Chris BE Barolli, L Feng, WC TI Characterizing the Performance of "Big Memory" on Blue Gene Linux SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPPW 2009) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE petascale; Blue Gene; OS kernel; Linux; compute node; I/O node; memory performance; TLB; NAS Parallel Benchmarks; LOFAR AB Efficient use of Linux for high-performance applications on Blue Gene/P (BG/P) compute nodes is challenging because of severe performance hits resulting from translation lookaside buffer (TLB) misses and a hard-to-program torus network DMA controller. To address these difficulties, we present the design and implementation of "Big Memory"-an alternative, transparent memory space for computational processes. Big Memory uses extremely large memory pages available on PowerPC CPUs to create a TLB-miss-free, flat-memory area that can be used for application code and data and is easier to use for DMA operations. One of our single-node memory benchmarks shows that the performance gap between regular PowerPC Linux with 4 KB pages and IBM BG/P compute node kernel (CNK) is about 68% in the worst case. Big Memory narrows the worst case performance gap to just 0.04%. We verify this result on 1024 nodes of Blue Gene/P using the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and find the performance under Linux with Big Memory to fluctuate within 0.7% of CNK. Originally intended exclusively for compute node tasks, our new memory subsystem turns out to dramatically improve the performance of certain I/O node applications as well. We demonstrate this performance using the central processor of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope as an example. C1 [Yoshii, Kazutomo; Iskra, Kamil; Naik, Harish; Beckman, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Beckman, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Broekema, P. Chris] Netherlands Inst Radio Astronomy, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands. RP Yoshii, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kazutomo@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; hnaik@mcs.anl.gov; beckman@mcs.anl.gov; broekema@astron.nl FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-4923-1 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2009 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2009.35 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUO22 UT WOS:000289915300011 ER PT S AU Naik, H Gupta, R Beckman, P AF Naik, H. Gupta, R. Beckman, P. BE Barolli, L Feng, WC TI Analyzing Checkpointing Trends for Applications on the IBM Blue Gene/P System SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPPW 2009) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID INTERVAL AB Current petascale systems have tens of thousands of hardware components and complex system software stacks, which increase the probability of faults occurring during the lifetime of a process. Checkpointing has been a popular method of providing fault tolerance in high-end systems. While considerable research has been done to optimize checkpointing, in practice the method still involves a high-cost overhead for users. In this paper, we study the checkpointing overhead seen by applications running on leadership-class machines such as the IBM Blue Gene/P at Argonne National Laboratory. We study various applications and design a methodology to assist users in understanding and choosing checkpointing frequency and reducing the overhead incurred. In particular, we study three popular applications-the Grid-Based Projector-Augmented Wave application, the Carr-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics application-and a Nek5000 computational fluid dynamics application and analyze their memory usage and possible checkpointing trends on 32,768 processors of the Blue Gene/P system. C1 [Naik, H.; Gupta, R.; Beckman, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naik, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hnaik@mcs.anl.gov; rgupta@mcs.anl.gov; beckman@mcs.anl.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-4923-1 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2009 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2009.42 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUO22 UT WOS:000289915300013 ER PT S AU Hernandez, O Nanjegowda, RC Chapman, B Bui, V Kufrin, R AF Hernandez, Oscar Nanjegowda, Ramachandra C. Chapman, Barbara Bui, Van Kufrin, Richard BE Barolli, L Feng, WC TI Open Source Software Support for the OpenMP Runtime API for Profiling SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPPW 2009) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE OpenMP; OpenMP Peformance Tools; OpenMP Runtime API AB OpenMP is a defacto standard API for shared memory programming with widespread vendor support and a large user base. The OpenMP Architecture Review Board has sanctioned an interface specification known as the "OpenMP Runtime API for Profiling" to enable tools to collect performance data for OpenMP programs. This paper describes the interface and our experiences implementing it in OpenUH, an open source OpenMP compiler. C1 [Hernandez, Oscar; Nanjegowda, Ramachandra C.; Chapman, Barbara] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bui, Van] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kufrin, Richard] Univ Illinois, NCSA, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Hernandez, O (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM oscar@cs.uh.edu; rchakena@cs.uh.edu; chapman@cs.uh.edu; vbui@mcs.anl.gov; rkufrin@ncsa.uiuc.edu FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0702775]; Department of Energy [DE-FC03-01ER25502]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, [AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under contract CCF-0702775 and by the Department of Energy under contract DE-FC03-01ER25502. This work was also supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Van Bui is also affiliated with the ComputerScience Department at the University of Houston. The authors thank Boyana Norris and Lois Curfman McInnes of Argonne National Laboratory for providing the system used in the experimental portion of this paper. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-4923-1 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2009 BP 130 EP + DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2009.40 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUO22 UT WOS:000289915300019 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Pedretti, K AF Brightwell, Ron Pedretti, Kevin BE Barolli, L Feng, WC TI Optimizing Multi-Core MPI Collectives with SMARTMAP SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPPW 2009) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB We recently enhanced a lightweight compute node operating system with a simple page table mapping strategy that allows parallel application processes within a node to share effectively a single address space. This strategy allows for each process to maintain a normal, private address space, but also allows for processes to behave like threads that can freely read and write the memory of all processes on a node. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of this approach for improving the performance of MPI collective operations. In particular, we describe a new multi-threaded MPI reduce algorithm that outperforms existing approaches by as much as a factor of seven on a quad-core processor. C1 [Brightwell, Ron; Pedretti, Kevin] Sandia Natl Labs, Scab Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scab Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbrigh@sandia.gov; ktpedre@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-4923-1 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2009 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2009.65 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUO22 UT WOS:000289915300052 ER PT S AU Kulkarni, G Kalyanaraman, A Cannon, WR Baxter, D AF Kulkarni, Gaurav Kalyanaraman, Ananth Cannon, William R. Baxter, Douglas BE Barolli, L Feng, WC TI A Scalable Parallel Approach for Peptide Identification from Large-scale Mass Spectrometry Data SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPPW 2009) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE parallel peptide identification; mass spectrometry ID TANDEM; SPECTRA; PROBABILITY; SEQUENCES; XTANDEM AB Identifying peptides, which are short polymeric chains of amino acid residues in a protein sequence, is of fundamental importance in systems biology research. The most popular approach to identify peptides is through database search. In this approach, an experimental spectrum ("query") generated from fragments of a target peptide using mass spectrometry is computationally compared with a database of already known protein sequences. The goal is to detect database peptides that are most likely to have generated the target peptide. The exponential growth rates and overwhelming sizes of biomolecular databases make this an ideal application to benefit from parallel computing. However, the present generation of software tools is not expected to scale to the magnitudes and complexities of data that will be generated in the next few years. This is because they are all either serial algorithms or parallel strategies that have been designed over inherently serial methods, thereby requiring high space- and time-requirements. In this paper, we present an efficient parallel approach for peptide identification through database search. Three key factors distinguish our approach from that of existing solutions: i) (space) Given p processors and a database with N residues, we provide the first space-optimal algorithm (O(N/p)) under distributed memory machine model; ii) (time) Our algorithm uses a combination of parallel techniques such as one-sided communication and masking of communication with computation to ensure that the overhead introduced due to parallelism is minimal; and iii) (quality) The run-time savings achieved using parallel processing has allowed us to incorporate highly accurate statistical models that have previously been demonstrated to ensure high quality prediction albeit on smaller scale data. We present the design and evaluation of two different algorithms to implement our approach. Experimental results using 2.65 million microbial proteins show linear scaling up to 128 processors of a Linux commodity cluster, with parallel efficiency at similar to 50%. We expect that this new approach will be critical to meet the data-intensive and qualitative demands stemming from this important application domain. C1 [Kulkarni, Gaurav; Kalyanaraman, Ananth] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cannon, William R.; Baxter, Douglas] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Kulkarni, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gkulkarn@eecs.wsu.edu; ananth@eecs.wsu.edu; william.cannon@pnl.gov; douglas.baxter@pnl.gov RI Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-4923-1 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2009 BP 423 EP + DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2009.41 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUO22 UT WOS:000289915300059 ER PT B AU Dunham, ME Baker, Z Stettler, M Pigue, M Graham, P Schmierer, EN Power, J AF Dunham, Mark E. Baker, Zachary Stettler, Matthew Pigue, Michael Graham, Paul Schmierer, Eric N. Power, John GP IEEE TI High Efficiency Space-Based Software Radio Architectures SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING AND FPGAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs CY DEC 09-11, 2009 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Opt & Elect Mexico, Lab Informat, Robot & Microelectron, Univ So California AB Los Alamos has recently completed the latest in a series of Reconfigurable Software Radios, which incorporates several key innovations in both hardware design and algorithms. Due to our focus on satellite applications, each design must extract the best size, weight, and power performance possible from the ensemble of Commodity Off-the-Shelf (COTS) parts available at the time of design. In this case we have achieved 1 TeraOps/second signal processing on a 1920 Megabit/second datastream, while using only 53 Watts mains power, 5.5 kg, and 3 liters. This processing capability enables very advanced algorithms such as our wideband RF compression scheme to operate remotely, allowing network bandwidth constrained applications to deliver previously unattainable performance. C1 [Dunham, Mark E.; Baker, Zachary; Stettler, Matthew; Pigue, Michael; Graham, Paul; Schmierer, Eric N.; Power, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dunham, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mdunham@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5293-4 PY 2009 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1109/ReConFig.2009.42 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSN50 UT WOS:000285022700056 ER PT B AU Suris, JA Recio, A Athanas, P AF Suris, Jorge A. Recio, Adolfo Athanas, Peter GP IEEE TI Enhancing the Productivity of Radio Designers with RapidRadio SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING AND FPGAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs CY DEC 09-11, 2009 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Natl Inst Astrophys, Opt & Elect Mexico, Lab Informat, Robot & Microelectron, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Synthesis; Automation; Signal classification; FPGA AB In this paper the Rapid Radio framework for signal classification and receiver deployment is discussed. The framework is a productivity enhancing tool that reduces the required knowledge-base for implementing a receiver on an FPGA-based SDR platform. The ultimate objective of this framework is to identify unknown signals and to build FPGA-based receivers capable of receiving them. The framework's capacity to classify a signal and deploy a functional receiver is validated with over-the-air experiments. C1 [Suris, Jorge A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Recio, Adolfo; Athanas, Peter] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Suris, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM surisja@ornl.gov; recio@vt.edu; athanas@vt.edu FU Harris Corporation, Government Communications Division FX The authors would like to thank the Harris Corporation, Government Communications Division for supporting this research. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5293-4 PY 2009 BP 350 EP + DI 10.1109/ReConFig.2009.84 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSN50 UT WOS:000285022700060 ER PT S AU Akturkt, A Peckerar, M Dornajafi, M Goldsman, N Eng, K Gurrieri, T Carroll, MS AF Akturkt, A. Peckerar, M. Dornajafi, M. Goldsman, N. Eng, K. Gurrieri, T. Carroll, M. S. GP IEEE TI Impact Ionization and Freeze-Out Model for Simulation of Low Gate Bias Kink Effect in SOI-MOSFETs Operating at Liquid He Temperature SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES SE International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP 09-11, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Cryogenic MOSFET simulation; MOSFET operation at 4 K; incomplete ionization; impact ionization at cryogenic temperatures AB A 0.4 mu m p-channel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal-oxide-field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) is measured at 300 K and 4 K. Finite difference two dimensional numeric device simulations are performed at these temperatures to provide physical insight about the mechanisms that lead to the observed cryogenic effects at liquid Helium temperature. The MOSFET subthreshold slope is measured as 88 mv/dec at 300 K and is observed to have a drain bias dependence at 4 K ranging from 30 mv/dec at low source-to-drain (V-SD) voltage (0.05 V) to 10 mv/dec at high V-SD (3.3 V). A kink in the current is furthermore observed at low gate bias (1.35 V) and drain bias above 2 V. The numeric simulations indicate that incomplete ionization of dopants at cryogenic temperatures and impact ionization significantly affect the device behavior in the subthreshold region of operation at 4 K. Specifically, for a low source-to-gate (V-SG) bias (V-SG = 1.35 V, which is near subthreshold) the former affects the base current level, and the latter along with the incomplete ionization gives rise to a current kink for high drain biases (V-SD > 2 V). The simulation techniques to handle the numerical challenges related to device modeling at 4 K are also presented. C1 [Akturkt, A.; Peckerar, M.; Dornajafi, M.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eng, K.; Gurrieri, T.; Carroll, M. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Akturkt, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM akturka@umd.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1569 BN 978-1-4244-3948-5 J9 INT CONF SIM SEMI PR PY 2009 BP 147 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BON92 UT WOS:000277103100035 ER PT B AU Pan, WX Gao, WZ Muljadi, E AF Pan, Wenxia Gao, Wenzhong Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI The Dynamic Performance and Effect of Hybrid Renewable Power System with Diesel/Wind/PV/Battery SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE POWER GENERATION AND SUPPLY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply CY APR 06-07, 2009 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE dynamic performance; hybrid renewable energy system (HRES); simulation; power quality; stability; PV array; wind power; diesel/wind/PV/battery ID ENERGY-SYSTEMS AB Diesel generators often supply electric power to isolated islands and off-grid remote loads. In remote locations, the cost of fuel can be very high due to the limited accessible transportation. Inclusion of renewable energy into diesel-based grids results in a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) and can reduce fuel consumption and environmental pollution. However, the output variability of renewable energy sources injected into diesel-based systems may impact the power quality and stability of the power system. The operation of HRES requires a good understanding of the dynamic behavior of each energy source connected to the system. This work focuses on the dynamic performance and effects of renewable energy sources on power quality and stability of the power system. A simulation program called the RPM-Sim (Renewable-energy Power-system Modular Simulation) is used to investigate the case studies. Dynamic and transient events (wind variation, fault events, etc.) are studied and improvement of power quality and stability for the cases identified below are presented in this paper. C1 [Pan, Wenxia] Hohai Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wenzhong] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pan, WX (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM pwxhh@yahoo.com.cn; wgao@tntech.edu; eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4934-7 PY 2009 BP 1198 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPT92 UT WOS:000279924100224 ER PT B AU Zhan, B Li, J Tabb, DL Park, BH AF Zhan, Bing Li, Jing Tabb, David L. Park, Byung-Hoon BE Zhang, J Li, GZ Yang, JY TI Network approaches for shotgun proteomics data analysis SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND INTELLIGENT COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Intelligent Computing CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Computer Soc, Conf Publish Serv ID MOUSE C1 [Zhan, Bing; Li, Jing; Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Informat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Park, Byung-Hoon] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhan, B (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Informat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. OI Tabb, David/0000-0001-7223-578X FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Cancer Institute (NCI) [R01 CA126218] FX We thank Dr. Whiteaker and Dr. Kislinger for making the mouse organ data set and the mouse breast cancer data set available, respectively. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ National Cancer Institute (NCI) through grant R01 CA126218. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3739-9 PY 2009 BP 222 EP 222 DI 10.1109/IJCBS.2009.74 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BRI88 UT WOS:000282797800039 ER PT B AU Sanfilippo, A Baddeley, B Beagley, N Riensche, R Gopalan, B AF Sanfilippo, Antonio Baddeley, Bob Beagley, Nat Riensche, Rick Gopalan, Banu BE Zhang, J Li, GZ Yang, JY TI Enhancing Automatic Biological Pathway Generation with GO-based Gene Similarity SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND INTELLIGENT COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Intelligent Computing CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Computer Soc, Conf Publish Serv DE Biological pathways; automatic pathway generation; gene similarity; gene ontology ID ONTOLOGY AB Most current approaches to automatic pathway generation are based on a reverse engineering approach in which pathway plausibility is solely derived from microarray gene expression data. These approaches tend to lack in generality and offer no independent validation as they are too reliant on the pathway observables that guide pathway generation. By contrast, alternative approaches that use prior biological knowledge to validate pathways inferred from gene expression data may err in the opposite direction as the prior knowledge is usually not sufficiently tuned to the pathology of focus. In this paper, we present a novel pathway generation approach that combines insights from the reverse engineering and knowledge-based approaches to increase the biological plausibility of automatically generated regulatory networks. C1 [Sanfilippo, Antonio; Baddeley, Bob; Beagley, Nat; Riensche, Rick] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gopalan, Banu] Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Sanfilippo, A (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Sanfilippo, Antonio/B-6743-2016 OI Sanfilippo, Antonio/0000-0001-7097-4562 FU NIH/NINDS [RO1NS05748403] FX This work was supported under NIH/NINDS grant RO1NS05748403 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3739-9 PY 2009 BP 448 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCBS.2009.96 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BRI88 UT WOS:000282797800080 ER PT B AU Mocek, T Rus, B Kozlova, M Polan, J Homer, P Jakubczak, K Nejdl, J Snopek, D Fajardo, M Davies, JR Barszczak-Sardinha, A Tallents, GJ Booth, N Edwards, MH Gartside, LMR Whittaker, DS Zhai, Z Mistry, P Pert, GJ Lee, RW Foord, ME Chung, H Moon, SJ AF Mocek, T. Rus, B. Kozlova, M. Polan, J. Homer, P. Jakubczak, K. Nejdl, J. Snopek, D. Fajardo, M. Davies, J. R. Barszczak-Sardinha, A. Tallents, G. J. Booth, N. Edwards, M. H. Gartside, L. M. R. Whittaker, D. S. Zhai, Z. Mistry, P. Pert, G. J. Lee, R. W. Foord, M. E. Chung, H. Moon, S. J. GP IEEE TI Applications of high energy X-ray lasers in plasma probing and warm dense matter generation SO 2009 LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS & THE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Phys Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Opt Soc Amer, Opt Soc Korea, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, Australian Opt Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc, IEICE, Commun Soc DE X-ray laser; plasma probing; warm dense matter AB We report on the use of high energy X-ray laser at 21 nm in novel applications relevant to dense plasma physics Our recent results include e g high resolution plasma backlighting and production of warm dense matter C1 [Mocek, T.; Rus, B.; Kozlova, M.; Polan, J.; Homer, P.; Jakubczak, K.; Nejdl, J.; Snopek, D.] PALS Ctr, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Fajardo, M.; Davies, J. R.; Barszczak-Sardinha, A.] Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. [Tallents, G. J.; Booth, N.; Edwards, M. H.; Gartside, L. M. R.; Whittaker, D. S.; Zhai, Z.; Mistry, P.; Pert, G. J.] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Lee, R. W.; Foord, M. E.; Chung, H.; Moon, S. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mocek, T (reprint author), PALS Ctr, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RI Mocek, Tomas/G-5344-2014; Nejdl, Jaroslav/G-5995-2014; Homer, Pavel/G-8910-2014; Jakubczak, Krzysztof/L-3060-2014; Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Jakubczak, Krzysztof/0000-0001-5922-682X; Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 FU Czech Science Foundation [202/05/2316, 202/07/J008, 202/08/1734]; Centers of Fundamental Research [LC528]; Czech Ministry of Education; EU, Laserlab Europe [RII3-CT-2003-506350] FX This research benefited from support of the Czech Science Foundation (202/05/2316, 202/07/J008, 202/08/1734), the Centers of Fundamental Research (LC528) of the Czech Ministry of Education, and the Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the 6th Framework Programme of the EU (RII3-CT-2003-506350, Laserlab Europe). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3829-7 PY 2009 BP 313 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BOW35 UT WOS:000277829300166 ER PT B AU Yu, NE Beck, KM Ro, JH Ohuchi, FS Kitamura, K AF Yu, Nan Ei Beck, Kenneth M. Ro, Jung Hoon Ohuchi, Fumio S. Kitamura, Kenji GP IEEE TI Properties of Optical Parametric Oscillation for Dental Application of Soft-and-Hard-Tissues Removal around 2. 9 mu m IR-band SO 2009 LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS & THE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Phys Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Opt Soc Amer, Opt Soc Korea, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, Australian Opt Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc, IEICE, Commun Soc DE Optical parametric generation; dental laser; periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate ID LASER; ENAMEL AB A tunable IR generation was demonstrated by the quasi phase-matched optical parametric oscillation, and preliminary provided a means to develop a more thorough scientific study of dental laser applications C1 [Yu, Nan Ei] GIST, Adv Photon Res Inst, 1 Oryong Dong, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Beck, Kenneth M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ro, Jung Hoon] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Med, Busan 602739, South Korea. [Ohuchi, Fumio S.] Univ Washington, Dept Mat & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kitamura, Kenji] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Overseas Operat Off, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Yu, NE (reprint author), GIST, Adv Photon Res Inst, 1 Oryong Dong, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) NCRC - Korea government (MEST) [R15-2008-006-02001-0] FX This work was partially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) NCRC grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. R15-2008-006-02001-0). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3829-7 PY 2009 BP 798 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BOW35 UT WOS:000277829300412 ER PT S AU Pantelides, ST Tsetseris, L Beck, MJ Rashkeev, SN Hadjisavvas, G Batyrev, IG Tuttle, BR Marinopoulos, AG Zhou, XJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD AF Pantelides, Sokrates T. Tsetseris, L. Beck, M. J. Rashkeev, S. N. Hadjisavvas, G. Batyrev, I. G. Tuttle, B. R. Marinopoulos, A. G. Zhou, X. J. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. GP IEEE TI Performance, Reliability, Radiation Effects, and Aging Issues in Microelectronics - From Atomic-Scale Physics to Engineering-Level Modeling SO 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF ESSCIRC SE Proceedings of the European Solid-State Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE, SSCS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Raith, NXP, Univ Athens, Natl & Kapodistrian, HellenicSIA ID EVENT GATE-RUPTURE; BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; PMOS NBTI DEGRADATION; SI N-MOSFETS; NEGATIVE BIAS; MOS DEVICES; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT; COMPREHENSIVE MODEL; DEFECT GENERATION AB The development of engineering-level models requires adoption of physical mechanisms that underlie observed phenomena. This paper reviews several cases where parameter-free, atomic-scale, quantum mechanical calculations led to the identification of specific physical mechanisms for phenomena relating to performance, reliability, radiation effects, and aging issues in microelectronics. More specifically, we review recent calculations of electron mobilities that are based on atomic-scale models of the Si-SiO2 interface and elucidate the origin of strain-induced mobility enhancement. We then review extensive work that highlights the role of hydrogen as the primary agent of reliability phenomena such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and radiation effects, such as Enhanced Low Dose Radiation Sensitivity (ELDRS) and dopant deactivation. Finally, we review atomic-scale simulations of recoils induced by energetic ions in Si and SiO2. The latter provide a natural explanation for single-event gate rupture (SEGR) in terms of defects with energy levels in the SiO2 band gap. C1 [Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Tsetseris, L.; Beck, M. J.; Rashkeev, S. N.; Hadjisavvas, G.; Batyrev, I. G.; Tuttle, B. R.; Marinopoulos, A. G.; Fleetwood, D. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Zhou, X. J.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tsetseris, L.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki EL-54124, Greece. [Rashkeev, S. N.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Tuttle, B. R.] Penn State Univ, Behrend Coll, Dept Phys, Erie, PA 16563 USA. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Marinopoulos, Apostolos/L-5044-2013 OI Marinopoulos, Apostolos/0000-0002-1951-4832 NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8833 BN 978-1-4244-4355-0 J9 PROC EUR SOLID-STATE PY 2009 BP 77 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BOC81 UT WOS:000276195800012 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Sen, PK Malmedal, K AF Kroposki, Benjamin Sen, P. K. Malmedal, Keith GP IEEE TI SELECTION OF DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS FOR IMPLEMENTING DISTRIBUTED AND RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SO 2009 RURAL ELECTRIC POWER CONFERENCE SE Rural Electric Power Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference CY APR 26-29, 2009 CL Fort Collins, CO SP IEEE DE Distributed Energy Resources; Distributed Generation; Distributed Storage; Optimization; Distribution System; Distribution Feeder ID GENERATION; LOSSES AB Climate change concerns, mandated renewable portfolio standards, lucrative government incentives, and accelerated cost reduction in renewables and distributed energy applications are driving steep growth in system installations. Distributed energy resources (DER) are not commonly connected to a bulk power transmission system, instead are interconnected near the load in the electric power distribution system. DER includes renewable energy such as wind and solar, fossil-fuel based generation such as microturbines, small gas turbine units and distributed energy storage. In this paper, a novel methodology is developed that ranks utility feeders for implementation of DER systems. This performance index is based on peak load reduction, increased system capacity, load-generation correlation, and feeder load growth. This is based on a statistical measure that quantifies the relationship between loads and the stochastic nature of renewable resources. This allows the utility to gain insight into improved benefits from non-dispatchable renewable resources such as solar and wind technologies as well as dispatchable DER technologies. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Malmedal, Keith] NEI Elect Power Engn, Arvada, CO 80001 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_kroposki@nrel.gov; psen@mines.edu; kmalmedal@neiengineering.com FU National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. FX Manuscript received December 31, 2008; accepted July 17, 2009. Date of publication June 3, 2013; date of current version November 18, 2013. Paper 2008-REPC-233, presented at the 2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference, Fort Collins, CO, USA, April 2629, and approved for publication in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS by the Rural Electric Power Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers Power Systems Engineering Research Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0734-7464 BN 978-1-4244-3419-0 J9 RUR ELEC P PY 2009 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJJ19 UT WOS:000266364900005 ER PT B AU Ongtang, M Hurson, AR Jiao, Y AF Ongtang, Machigar Hurson, Ali R. Jiao, Yu BE Wang, CX Ouyang, S TI Agent-Based Infrastructure for Data and Transaction Management in Mobile Heterogeneous Environment SO 2009 WRI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING: CMC 2009, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing CY JAN 06-08, 2009 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP World Res Inst, IEEE Comp Soc ID SYSTEMS AB Mobile technology and advances in databases have allowed users to access and manipulate data across multiple heterogeneous and autonomous data sources via wireless connection, namely mobile multidatabase system. Transaction management in this environment is nontrival due to heterogeneity and autonomy of the participating data sources, frequent disconnections, and technologicol constraints of the access devices. Agent-based Transaction Management scheme for Mobile Multidatabse (AT3M) systems uses autonomous agents to enable a fully distributed transaction management accommodates users mobility, allows parallel execution of the global subtransaction, and responds to some of the limitations of the technology. The framework is augmented to support user connectivity and mobility in internetworking environment and to provide QoS-based services. The performance of the proposed AT3M is simulated and evaluated. The simulation study shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the V-locking and the Pre-Serialization schemes, as advanced in the literature. C1 [Ongtang, Machigar] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hurson, Ali R.] Univ Missouri Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jiao, Yu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Computat Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ongtang, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ongtang@cse.psu.edu; hurson@mst.edu; jiaoy@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0324835] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the contract IIS-0324835. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3501-2 PY 2009 BP 314 EP + DI 10.1109/CMC.2009.321 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJG25 UT WOS:000265600100060 ER PT S AU Bottura, L Darve, C Patankar, NA Van Sciver, SW AF Bottura, L. Darve, C. Patankar, N. A. Van Sciver, S. W. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI A method for the three-dimensional numerical simulation of SuperFluid Helium SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 1: CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB Transport phenomena in superfluid helium can be described using the two-fluid Landau-Khalatnikov model and the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction. Here we discuss a mathematical formulation of the two-fluid model that uses macroscopic conservation balances of mass, momentum and energy of each species, and assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium. A particularity of this model is that it describes the state of He II as well as that of each of the two-fluid components in terms of pressure p and temperature T, which is convenient for stable numerical solution. The equations of the model form a system of partial differential equations (PDE) that can be written in matrix form for convenience. On this base, a three-dimensional numerical model using a complete and consistent, while still practical, system of PDEs was developed. In the form described, the PDE can be solved using three-dimensional Lagrangian finite element in space supplemented by a Beam-Warming time-marching algorithm. Once validated, this solver will allow to simulate He II thermal counter-flow applied to arbitrary geometry. C1 [Darve, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bottura, L.] CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Darve, C.; Patankar, N. A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Eng, Evanston, IL USA. [Van Sciver, S. W.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Darve, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM darve@fnal.gov RI Patankar, Neelesh/B-7603-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/1/012008 PN 1 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK35 UT WOS:000289630800008 ER PT S AU Brink, PL Ahmed, Z Akerib, DS Bailey, CN Bauer, DA Beaty, J Bunker, R Burke, S Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Cooley, J Cushman, P DeJongh, F Dragowsky, MR Duong, L Figueroa-Feliciano, E Filippini, J Fritts, M Golwala, SR Grant, DR Hall, J Hennings-Yeomans, R Hertel, S Holmgren, D Huber, ME Mahapatra, R Mandic, V McCarthy, KA Mirabolfathi, N Nelson, H Novak, L Ogburn, RW Pyle, M Qiu, X Ramberg, E Rau, W Reisetter, A Saab, T Sadoulet, B Sander, J Schmitt, R Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sirois, A Sundqvist, KM Tomada, A Wang, G Yellin, S Yoo, J Young, BA AF Brink, P. L. Ahmed, Z. Akerib, D. S. Bailey, C. N. Bauer, D. A. Beaty, J. Bunker, R. Burke, S. Cabrera, B. Caldwell, D. O. Cooley, J. Cushman, P. DeJongh, F. Dragowsky, M. R. Duong, L. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Filippini, J. Fritts, M. Golwala, S. R. Grant, D. R. Hall, J. Hennings-Yeomans, R. Hertel, S. Holmgren, D. Huber, M. E. Mahapatra, R. Mandic, V. McCarthy, K. A. Mirabolfathi, N. Nelson, H. Novak, L. Ogburn, R. W. Pyle, M. Qiu, X. Ramberg, E. Rau, W. Reisetter, A. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Schmitt, R. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Serfass, B. Sirois, A. Sundqvist, K. M. Tomada, A. Wang, G. Yellin, S. Yoo, J. Young, B. A. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment: Results and prospects SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 1: CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a strong candidate for the Cold Dark Matter of the Universe. CDMS-II is a direct-search WIMP search experiment, operating at 50 mK and housed at the Soudan mine, Minnesota. The 250 gram Ge detectors utilize athermal phonon sensors where tungsten transition edge sensors are operated in negative electrothermal feedback. The search at Soudan is ongoing with an expected final reach of CDMS-II by the end of 2008 of a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of 2.1 x 10(-44) cm(2), at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c(2). To proceed further, we have proposed the SuperCDMS program. C1 [Brink, P. L.; Cabrera, B.; Cooley, J.; Novak, L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Pyle, M.; Tomada, A.; Yellin, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 84720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Brink, PL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pbrink@stanford.edu RI Bailey, Catherine/C-6107-2009; Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011; Qiu, Xinjie/C-6164-2012; Hall, Jeter/F-6108-2013; Pyle, Matt/E-7348-2015 OI Pyle, Matt/0000-0002-3490-6754 FU National Science Foundation [AST-9978911, PHY-0542066, PHY-0503729, PHY-0503629, PHY-0503641, PHY-0504224, PHY-0705052]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-91ER40688, DE-FG03-90ER40569, DE-FG03-91ER40618]; NSERC Canada [SAPIN 341314-07] FX This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. AST-9978911, PHY-0542066, PHY-0503729, PHY-0503629, PHY-0503641, PHY-0504224 and PHY-0705052), by the Department of Energy (Contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-91ER40688, DE-FG03-90ER40569 and DE-FG03-91ER40618) and by NSERC Canada (Grant SAPIN 341314-07). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/1/012006 PN 1 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK35 UT WOS:000289630800006 ER PT S AU Drichko, IL Dyakonov, AM Smirnov, IY Suslov, AV Galperin, YM Vinokur, V Myronov, M Mironov, OA AF Drichko, I. L. Dyakonov, A. M. Smirnov, I. Yu Suslov, A. V. Galperin, Y. M. Vinokur, V. Myronov, M. Mironov, O. A. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Wigner glass formation in 2DHG of p-Si/SiGe by high magnetic fields SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 2 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID INSULATING PHASE; ELECTRON-GAS; CONDUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL AB High-frequency ac sigma(ac)(xx) = sigma(1) - i . sigma(2) and dc sigma(dc)(xx) conductivities were studied on a low density (p = 8.2 . 10(10) cm(-2)) 2DHG of p-Si/Si0.92Ge0.08 heterostructures by acoustic and transport techniques respectively. In the vicinity of B = 3.5 T the integer quantum Hall effect related to the filling factor nu = 1 was observed and at low temperatures the ac conductance corresponds to hopping of the holes between localized states: sigma(2) > sigma(1) > 0. The features revealed in the ultraquantum limit B>14 T at low temperatures T<0.8 K: (i) negative value of sigma(2); (ii) small imaginary part of the ac conductance sigma(1) >> vertical bar sigma(2)vertical bar; (iii) linear frequency dependence of sigma(1) and sigma(2); (iv) independence of sigma(1) and sigma(2) on the magnetic field and temperature; (v) threshold-like behavior of the I-V curves and (vi) its hysteresis; (vii) I-V dependence in the sub-threshold region typical for a creep in a crystal I similar to exp(-A/V-0.3) indicate the formation of a pinned Wigner glass. C1 [Drichko, I. L.; Dyakonov, A. M.; Smirnov, I. Yu] RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Suslov, A. V.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Galperin, Y. M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Vinokur, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Myronov, M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Mironov, O. A.] Univ Warwick, SEMINANO R&D Ctr, Coventry CV4 7EZ, W Midlands, England. RP Drichko, IL (reprint author), RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM irina.l.drichko@mail.ioffe.ru; suslov@magnet.fsu.edu RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008; Smirnov, Ivan/E-4685-2014; Suslov, Alexey/M-7511-2014; OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902; Suslov, Alexey/0000-0002-2224-153X; Mironov, Oleg A./0000-0002-9787-944X FU Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science; Russian Academy of Science; NSF [DMR-0084173]; U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Norwegian Research Council through USA-Norway bilateral agreement FX The work is supported by grants of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science, the Program of Branch of physical sciences Spintronika, SPbSC of the Russian Academy of Science 2007; NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0084173, State of Florida; NHMFL-IHRP. The work of YG, and VV was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science through contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by Norwegian Research Council through USA-Norway bilateral agreement. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR UNSP 022010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/2/022010 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BON14 UT WOS:000277052700011 ER PT S AU Fazileh, F Chen, X Gooding, RJ Atkinson, WA Johnston, DC AF Fazileh, F. Chen, X. Gooding, R. J. Atkinson, W. A. Johnston, D. C. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Role of Magnetic Moments in the Metal-to-Insulator Transition in LiAlyTi2-yO4 SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 2 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LITI2O4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB While the high-T-c cuprate problem remains an active field of research, several parallel studies in potentially related physical systems have been undertaken. For example, LiTi2O4, known to have a superconducting T-c of about 13K, has been suggested to have a strong relation to the cuprates. Our studies are addressing the key question: Are strong electronic correlations found in LiTi2O4? To answer this we have focussed on a study of the metal-to-insulator transition that LiAlyTi2-yO4 is found to undergo for y similar to 0.3, and have modelled this material using a quantum-site percolation model that includes electronic correlations through an on-site repulsive Hubbard interaction. We find that in such a model this transition is reproduced through the appearance of an Altshuler-Aronov-like suppression of the density of states at the Fermi level, called by some a pseudogap, when an intermediate-strength Hubbard interaction is introduced. Here we focus on results displaying the essential role that magnetic moments that develop on the Ti sites seem to play in producing this transition, physics absent from the original Altshuler-Aronov analysis. C1 [Fazileh, F.; Chen, X.; Gooding, R. J.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7M 4P3, Canada. [Atkinson, W. A.] Trent Univ, Dept Phys, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, D. C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fazileh, F (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Phys Engn Phys & Astron, Kingston, ON K7M 4P3, Canada. EM farhadfazileh@gmail.com; gooding@physics.queensu.ca FU NSERC; USDOE FX This work was partially supported by the NSERC of Canada and the USDOE. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR UNSP 022016 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/2/022016 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BON14 UT WOS:000277052700017 ER PT S AU Yaguchi, H Singleton, J AF Yaguchi, Hiroshi Singleton, John BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Effects of Hole Doping by Neutron Irradiation on Magnetic-Field Induced Electronic Phase Transitions in Graphite SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 2 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE AB We have investigated effects of hole doping by fast-neutron irradiation on the magnetic-field induced phase transitions in graphite using specimens irradiated with fast neutrons. Resistance measurements have been done in magnetic fields of up to above 50 T and at temperatures down to about 1.5 K. The neutron irradiation creates latticed effects acting as acceptors, affecting the imbalance of the electron and hole densities and the Fermi level. We have found that there entrant transition field shifts towards lower fields with hole doping, suggestive of the participation of the electron subband in the magnetic-field induced state. C1 [Yaguchi, Hiroshi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Yaguchi, Hiroshi; Singleton, John] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Singleton, John] LANL, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yaguchi, H (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. FU EPSRC (U. K.); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX We thank H. Jones, T. Hickman, T. Iwata and Y. Iye for their supports and discussions. Part of this work was supported by EPSRC (U. K.) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR UNSP 022099 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/2/022099 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BON14 UT WOS:000277052700100 ER PT S AU Graf, MJ Balatsky, AV Nussinov, Z Grigorenko, I Trugman, SA AF Graf, M. J. Balatsky, A. V. Nussinov, Z. Grigorenko, I. Trugman, S. A. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Torsional oscillators and the entropy dilemma of putative supersolid (4)He SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 3: QUANTUM GASES LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID SOLID HELIUM; HEAT AB Solid (4)He is viewed as a nearly perfect Debye solid. Yet, recent calorimetry measurements by the PSU group (J. Low Temp. Phys. 138, 853 (2005) and Nature 449, 1025 (2007)) indicate that at low temperatures the specific heat has both cubic and linear contributions. These features appear in the same temperature range where measurements of the torsional oscillator period suggest a supersolid transition. We analyze the specific heat and compare the measured with the estimated entropy for a proposed supersolid transition with 1% superfluid fraction and find that the observed entropy is too small. We suggest that the low-temperature linear term in the specific heat is due to a glassy state that develops at low temperatures and is caused by a distribution of tunneling systems in the crystal. We propose that dislocation related defects produce those tunneling systems. Further, we argue that the reported putative mass decoupling, that means an increase in the oscillator frequency, is consistent with a glass-like transition. The glass scenario offers an alternative interpretation of the torsional oscillator experiments in contrast to the supersolid scenario of nonclassical rotational inertia. C1 [Graf, M. J.; Balatsky, A. V.; Grigorenko, I.; Trugman, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Graf, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM graf@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 032025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/3/032025 PN 3 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BUK36 UT WOS:000289643200025 ER PT S AU Sokolov, DA Aronson, MC Erwin, R Lynn, JW Lumsden, MD Nagler, SE AF Sokolov, D. A. Aronson, M. C. Erwin, R. Lynn, J. W. Lumsden, M. D. Nagler, S. E. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Neutron diffraction in a model itinerant metal near a quantum critical point SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 4: QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITIONS AND MAGNETISM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB Neutron diffraction measurements on single crystals of Cr1-xVx (x=0, 0.02, 0.037) show that the ordering moment and the Neel temperature are continuously suppressed as x approaches 0.037, a proposed Quantum Critical Point (QCP). The wave vector Q of the spin density wave (SDW) becomes more incommensurate as x increases in accordance with the two band model. At x(C)=0.037 we have found temperature dependent, resolution limited elastic scattering at 4 incommensurate wave vectors Q=(1 (1 +/-delta(1,2), 0, 0)*2 pi/a, which correspond to 2 SDWs with Neel temperatures of 19 K and 300 K. Our neutron diffraction measurements indicate that the electronic structure of Cr is robust, and that tuning Cr to its QCP results not in the suppression of antiferromagnetism, but instead enables new spin ordering due to novel nesting of the Fermi surface of Cr. C1 [Sokolov, D. A.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sokolov, DA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fermiliquid@gmail.com RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 042189 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/4/042189 PN 4 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUO10 UT WOS:000289891200189 ER PT S AU Wolff-Fabris, F Francoual, S Zapf, V Jaime, M Scott, B Tozer, S Hannahs, S Murphy, T Lacerda, A AF Wolff-Fabris, Frederik Francoual, Sonia Zapf, Vivien Jaime, Marcelo Scott, Brian Tozer, Stan Hannahs, Scott Murphy, Tim Lacerda, Alex BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Magnetostriction and Thermal Expansion on 1D Quantum Spin System Azurite SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 4: QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITIONS AND MAGNETISM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID DIAMOND-CHAIN AB Recently the natural mineral Azurite has been proposed as model substance for the distorted S = 1/2 diamond chain in the spin fluid state. Azurite has alternating doublet monomers and singlet dimers along the chains yielding plateau-like features in the magnetization curves. Although Azurite was also reported to order antiferromagnetically at 1.86 K, the detailed phase diagram and its relationship to the 1/3 plateau is largely unknown. In the present paper, we report preliminary results from a dilatometry study on Azurite carried out in the 0.05 - 2.30 K temperature range at magnetic fields up to 31 T. It is shown that sizable structural distortions accompany the magnetic ordering and that at 100 mK the long range order between monomers is suppressed precisely at the transition field where the 1/3 plateau sets in. C1 [Wolff-Fabris, Frederik; Francoual, Sonia; Zapf, Vivien; Jaime, Marcelo; Lacerda, Alex] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wolff-Fabris, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM frederikwf@lanl.gov RI Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 042030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/4/042030 PN 4 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUO10 UT WOS:000289891200030 ER PT S AU Bergk, B Petzold, V Rosner, H Drechsler, SL Bartkowiak, M Ignatchik, O Sheikin, I Canfield, PC Wosnitza, J AF Bergk, B. Petzold, V. Rosner, H. Drechsler, S-L Bartkowiak, M. Ignatchik, O. Sheikin, I. Canfield, P. C. Wosnitza, J. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Many-body effects in LuNi2B2C SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; YNI2B2C AB We present de Haas-van Alphen measurements of the nonmagnetic borocarbide superconductor LuNi2B2C. The electronic band structure is extracted from the magnetic quantum oscillations in the normal state. In accordance with previous investigations we find a complex band structure with different open and closed Fermi-surface sheets. From the temperature dependence of the oscillations amplitude the effective mass of the single bands can be determined. Due to many-body interactions we observe enhancements of the effective masses compared to the results by full-potential-density-functional calculations. Therefore, we are able to determine the angular dependence of the interaction strength for the different bands separately. C1 [Bergk, B.; Bartkowiak, M.; Ignatchik, O.; Wosnitza, J.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Petzold, V.; Rosner, H.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Petzold, V.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Drechsler, S-L; Sheikin, I.] Leibniz -Inst Solid State & Mat Res, IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Canfield, P. C.] CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bergk, B (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM b.bergk@fzd.de RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU DFG [SFB 463, SPP1178]; EuroMagNET under EU [RII3-CT-2004-506239]; EC program Transnational Access [RITA-CT-2003- 505474]; Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The work was supported by the DFG (SFB 463, SPP1178, Emmy Noether program), by EuroMagNET under the EU contract RII3-CT-2004-506239 of FP6, and by the EC program Transnational Access (Contract No. RITA-CT-2003- 505474). Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-AC02-07CH11358). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052021 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600021 ER PT S AU Connolly, MR Milosevic, MV Bending, SJ Clem, JR Tamegai, T AF Connolly, M. R. Milosevic, M. V. Bending, S. J. Clem, J. R. Tamegai, T. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Vortex 'puddles' and magic vortex numbers in mesoscopic superconducting disks SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB The magnetic properties of a superconducting disk change dramatically when its dimensions become mesoscopic. Unlike large disks, where the screening currents induced by an applied magnetic field are strong enough to force vortices to accumulate in a ` puddle' at the centre, in a mesoscopic disk the interaction between one of these vortices and the edge currents can be comparable to the intervortex repulsion, resulting in a destruction of the ordered triangular vortex lattice structure at the centre. Vortices instead form clusters which adopt polygonal and shell-like structures which exhibit magic number states similar to those of charged particles in a confining potential, and electrons in artificial atoms. We have fabricated mesoscopic high temperature superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta disks and investigated their magnetic properties using magneto-optical imaging (MOI) and high resolution scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). The temperature dependence of the vortex penetration field measured using MOI is in excellent agreement with models of the thermal excitation of pancake vortices over edge barriers. The growth of the central vortex puddle has been directly imaged using SHPM and magic vortex numbers showing higher stability have been correlated with abrupt jumps in the measured local magnetisation curves. C1 [Connolly, M. R.; Milosevic, M. V.; Bending, S. J.] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Milosevic, M. V.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Fys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Clem, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tamegai, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138627, Japan. RP Connolly, MR (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM mrc61@cam.ac.uk RI CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016 FU EPSRC-UK [GR/D034264/1]; Royal Society [2005/R1]; Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; JSPS FX This work was supported by EPSRC-UK under grant No. GR/D034264/1 and the Royal Society through an International Joint Project No. 2005/R1. M.V.M. is a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow at the University of Bath. J.R.C. acknowledges support by the Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. T.T. acknowledges support from JSPS bilateral cooperative program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052039 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052039 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600039 ER PT S AU Iavarone, M Karapetrov, G Di Capua, R Koshelev, AE Rosenmann, D Claus, H Kwok, WK Nishizaki, T Kobayashi, N AF Iavarone, M. Karapetrov, G. Di Capua, R. Koshelev, A. E. Rosenmann, D. Claus, H. Kwok, W. K. Nishizaki, T. Kobayashi, N. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI STM studies of CoxNbSe2 and MnxNbSe2 SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID NIOBIUM AB Cobalt and Manganese intercalated NbSe2 single crystals have been synthesized and characterized by DC magnetization and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) at low temperatures. We observed a pronounced peak effect in magnetization for both Co and Mn intercalated samples that we further investigated by low temperature STM. A structural phase transition of the vortex lattice (VL) has been observed for applied magnetic fields corresponding to the peak in magnetization. C1 [Iavarone, M.; Karapetrov, G.; Koshelev, A. E.; Rosenmann, D.; Claus, H.; Kwok, W. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Di Capua, R.] Univ Studi Molise, Dipartimento SpeS, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. [Di Capua, R.] CNR, INFM COHERENTIA, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Nishizaki, T.; Kobayashi, N.] Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. RP Iavarone, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maria@anl.gov RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008; Di Capua, Roberto/G-9622-2012 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906; Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137; Di Capua, Roberto/0000-0003-3605-0993 FU International Frontier Center for Advanced Materials (IFCAM) at Tohoku University, Japan; CNR; U.S. Department of Energy Offfice of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support by the International Frontier Center for Advanced Materials (IFCAM) at Tohoku University, Japan (M.I.) and by CNR under the Short term mobility program for researchers (R. D.). This work as well as the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052073 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052073 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600073 ER PT S AU Karapetrov, G Belkin, A Novosad, V Iavarone, M Pearson, JE Kwok, WK AF Karapetrov, G. Belkin, A. Novosad, V. Iavarone, M. Pearson, J. E. Kwok, W. K. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Adjustable superconducting anisotropy in MoGe-Permalloy hybrids SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID DOMAIN STRUCTURE; FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; URHGE AB We studied the magneto-transport properties of magnetically coupled superconductor-ferromagnet MoGe/Permalloy bilayers. The rotatable anisotropy Permalloy ferromagnet with stripe domain structure induces in-plane anisotropy in superconducting order parameter. Superconducting phase diagram shows that near the superconductor-normal state phase boundary the superconductivity is localized in narrow mesoscopic channels just above the magnetic domain walls. By changing the in-plane direction of magnetic stripe domains it is possible to re-configure the direction of the superconducting channels and controllably rotate the direction of the in-plane anisotropy axis in the superconductor. C1 [Karapetrov, G.; Belkin, A.; Novosad, V.; Iavarone, M.; Pearson, J. E.; Kwok, W. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Karapetrov, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goran@anl.gov RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052095 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052095 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600095 ER PT S AU Kato, T Shibauchi, T Matsuda, Y Thompson, JR Krusin-Elbaum, L AF Kato, T. Shibauchi, T. Matsuda, Y. Thompson, J. R. Krusin-Elbaum, L. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI A boomerang-shaped reduction in interlayer phase coherence in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y with splayed columnar SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID JOSEPHSON PLASMA RESONANCE; DECOUPLED VORTEX LIQUID; DEFECTS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ENTANGLEMENT; FREQUENCY; CRYSTALS; STATE; GLASS AB We present evidence for entangled solid vortex matter in a glassy state in a layered superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y containing randomly splayed linear defects. The interlayer phase coherence(IPC)-probed by the Josephson plasma resonance-is enhanced at high temperatures, reflecting the recoupling of vortex liquid by the defects. At low temperatures in the vortex solid state, the interlayer coherence follows a boomerang-shaped reentrant temperature path with an unusual low field decrease in coherence, indicative of meandering vortices. This behavior suggests strongly suppressed IPC in this system, which may be explained by the vortex entanglement induced by the columnar defects in the "splayed-glass" state. C1 [Kato, T.; Shibauchi, T.; Matsuda, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Matsuda, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Thompson, J. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thompson, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Krusin-Elbaum, L.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Kato, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM katou@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 FU Div. of Materials Sienes and Engineering, U.S. D FX We thank V. M. Vinokur, A. Koshelev, C. J. van der Beek, M. Konzykowski for disussand J. Ullmann for assistane at LANSCE. ORNL researh was sponsored by Div. of Materials Sienes and Engineering, U.S. DOE. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052104 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052104 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600104 ER PT S AU Konczykowski, M van der Beek, CJ Koshelev, AE Mosser, V Li, M Kes, PH AF Konczykowski, M. van der Beek, C. J. Koshelev, A. E. Mosser, V. Li, M. Kes, P. H. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Vortex matter in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 with pointlike disorder SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTALS AB We investigate the effect of point-like disorder, introduced by irradiation with 2.3 MeV electrons, on the mixed state phase diagram of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals. We focus on the higher irradiation doses that produce a significant depression of the critical temperature T-c, to as low as 2/3 of the initial value. Surprisingly, the first order phase transition (FOT) of the vortex ensemble, from a crystal to the pancake vortex liquid, persists in those highly disordered samples. The second peak in the irreversible magnetization, observed at low temperatures, is equally observed after high irradiation doses, but at much lower magnetic fields. A simple scaling of the phase diagram for samples with various degrees of disorder is not possible, indicating that several fundamental parameters of the superconductor are affected. From the analysis of the angular dependence of the FOT, we deduce that the effective anisotropy factor increases after irradiation. C1 [Konczykowski, M.; van der Beek, C. J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR 7642, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Koshelev, A. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mosser, V.] ITRON, F-92240 Malakoff, France. [Li, M.; Kes, P. H.] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. RP Konczykowski, M (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR 7642, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM marcin.konczykowski@polytechnique.edu RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052119 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052119 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600119 ER PT S AU Koshelev, AE Bulaevskii, LN AF Koshelev, A. E. Bulaevskii, L. N. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Resonant Terahertz Radiation from Layered Superconductors: Mechanisms of Damping and Structure of Dynamic States SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID EMISSION AB Intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks realized in high-temperature superconductors may generate powerful electromagnetic radiation in terahertz frequency range. A major challenge is to synchronize phase oscillations in many junctions. A promising way of efficient synchronization is to excite an internal cavity mode, with the frequency set by the stack lateral size. We discuss several issues relevant for this mechanism: (i) damping of the resonance mode due to radiation into free space and into the base crystal, (ii) mechanisms of coupling to the internal mode, (iii) structures and stability of coherent states. C1 [Koshelev, A. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bulaevskii, L. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM koshelev@msd.anl.gov RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 FU U.S. DOE, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge useful discussions with U. Welp, K. Gray, M. Tachiki, X. Hu, and K. Kadowaki. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, under contract # DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052124 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052124 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600124 ER PT S AU Lu, X Park, WK Choi, KY Lee, SI Yeo, S Budko, SL Canfield, PC Greene, LH AF Lu, Xin Park, W. K. Choi, Ki-Young Lee, Sung-Ik Yeo, Sunmog Budko, Sergey L. Canfield, Paul C. Greene, L. H. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Point-contact Andreev reflection tunneling spectroscopic (PCARTS) study of the superconducting gap structure in LuNi2B2C SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID YNI2B2C AB We employ the point-contact Andreev reflection tunneling spectroscopy (PCARTS) technique in two sets of LuNi2B2C (T-c similar to 16.0 K) single crystals along three different crystallographic orientations as a function of temperature. For one set of samples, our data taken on the [001], [110] and [100] faces show gap values at similar to 2 K of similar to 2.4 meV, 2.6 meV, and 2.3 meV, respectively, as analyzed by the one-gap Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model. Another set of samples gives similar to 2.5 meV, 2.8 meV, and 2.7 mev, respectively. Simulated gap values as a function of temperature follow the BCS-like temperature dependence in the weak-coupling limit. The small gap anisotropy observed in both sets of samples is explained by a model assuming an anisotropic s-wave with point-nodes for the gap structure and a large tunneling cone at the interface for the point-contact junctions. C1 [Lu, Xin; Park, W. K.; Greene, L. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Choi, Ki-Young; Lee, Sung-Ik] Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Yeo, Sunmog] Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Budko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lu, X (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xinlu@uiuc.edu RI Lu, Xin/B-7358-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU U.S. DoE [DEFG02-91ER45439]; FSMRL; CMM at UIUC; NSF [DMR 07-06013]; DoE at Ames Lab [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We acknowledge help from V. Jacome and Y.-H. Lin and discussions with H. Stalzer, E. E. M. Chia and P. Raychaudhuri. U.S. DoE DEFG02-91ER45439 through FSMRL and CMM at UIUC and NSF DMR 07-06013 and by DoE DE-AC02-07CH11358 at Ames Lab. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052143 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052143 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600143 ER PT S AU Moshe, M Kogan, VG Mints, RG AF Moshe, Maayana Kogan, V. G. Mints, R. G. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Narrow Josephson junctions in thin films SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID NONLOCAL INTERACTION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTEX AB We consider the edge-type Josephson junctions in thin films, for which the stray fields significantly affect the screening and tunneling currents. It is demonstrated that the spatial distribution of the phase difference phi across thin-film Josephson junctions is nonlocal. We find that in the limit of weak tunneling and short junctions the phase difference phi is a universal function. This function is proportional to the applied field H an depends only on the junction geometry. In the case of narrow thin strips we find this dependence analytically. Using this universal function we demonstrate that the maximum supercurrent across narrow junctions in thin films decays as 1/root H, that is much slower than 1/H for bulk junctions. C1 [Moshe, Maayana; Mints, R. G.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kogan, V. G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moshe, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM maayamoshe@yahoo.com; kogan@ameslab.gov; mints@post.tau.ac.il NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052170 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052170 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600170 ER PT S AU Park, WK Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Greene, LH AF Park, W. K. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. Greene, L. H. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI On the origin of the conductance asymmetry in CeMIn5 (M=Co, Rh, Ir) SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID POINT-CONTACT SPECTROSCOPY; FERMION; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB A symmetric differential conductance has been frequently observed in heavy fermion point-contact junctions. We report such data obtained from the Ce-based 1-1-5 compounds CeMIn5 (M=Co, Rh, Ir). Apart from characteristics due to superconductivity or antiferromagnetism, a striking common feature is an asymmetry in the background conductance, which shows nontrivial temperature and voltage dependencies. These behaviors cannot be explained by the local heating model combined with large Seebeck effect in heavy fermions. We propose that a Fano-like interference may cause the asymmetry. The interference can occur between two conductance channels, one into the conduction band and the other into the heavy electron band formed by the hybridization of conduction electrons with localized f-electrons. C1 [Park, W. K.; Greene, L. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bauer, E. D.; Sarrao, J. L.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, WK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wkpark@uiuc.edu RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 FU U.S. DoE [DEFG02- 91ER45439, DEFG02-07ER46453]; NSF through the FSMRL [DMR 07-06013]; CMM; U.S. DoE Office of Science FX W.K.P. and L.H.G. acknowledge the discussion with D. Pines on the two ouid picture for heavy fermions, and the discussions with A. J. Leggett and P. W. Anderson in regard to Harrison's theorem. Work at the UIUC was supported by the U.S. DoE, Award DEFG02- 91ER45439 and DEFG02-07ER46453 and by NSF DMR 07-06013 through the FSMRL and the CMM. Work at LANL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE Office of Science. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052207 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052207 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600206 ER PT S AU Phillips, NE Fisher, RA Fu, H Lee, DH Oeschler, N Gordon, JE Cava, RJ Foo, ML AF Phillips, N. E. Fisher, R. A. Fu, H. Lee, D-H Oeschler, N. Gordon, J. E. Cava, R. J. Foo, M-L BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Superconductivity and charge-density-wave order in Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.3H(2)O SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.3H(2)O progressively changes its properties with ambient temperature ageing from two-gap, layered superconductivity to charge-density-wave order as the number of O vacancies in the layers increase. The charge-density-wave order was theoretically predicted on the basis of band-structure calculations, independently of knowledge of the specific-heat measurements. C1 [Phillips, N. E.; Fisher, R. A.; Fu, H.; Lee, D-H; Oeschler, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gordon, J. E.] Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Cava, R. J.; Foo, M-L] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Phillips, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ramdfisher@comcast.net NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052210 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052210 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600209 ER PT S AU Prozorov, R Vannette, MD Law, SA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Prozorov, R. Vannette, M. D. Law, S. A. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Interplay of Local-Moment Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in ErRh4B4 Single Crystals SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; COEXISTENCE; DESTRUCTION; TRANSITION; GROWTH; STATE; ORDER AB Tunnel-diode resonator technique was used to study crystals of ferromagnetic re-entrant superconductor, ErRh4B4. At the boundary between ferromagnetism (FM) and superconductivity (SC), dynamic magnetic susceptibility, chi(T, H), exhibits highly asymmetric behavior upon warming and cooling as well as enhanced diamagnetism on the SC side. SC phase nucleates upon warming in a cascade of discontinuous jumps in magnetic susceptibility chi(T, H), whereas FM phase develops gradually as reported in detail in [1]. Here we further investigate enhanced diamagnetism. We find that when a magnetic field is applied along the magnetic easy axes, a region of enhanced diamagnetic screening is smaller than in the perpendicular orientation. A discussion of possible causes of this effect is provided. C1 [Prozorov, R.; Vannette, M. D.; Law, S. A.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Discussions with Lev Bulaevskii, Alexander Buzdin, Vladimir Kogan, Kazushige Machida and Roman Mints are appreciated. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.y NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052218 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052218 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600217 ER PT S AU Prozorov, R Hoberg, JR AF Prozorov, R. Hoberg, J. R. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Dynamic Formation of Metastable Intermediate State Patterns in Type-I Superconductor SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab ID DOMAINS; FLUX AB Structure of the intermediate state in type-I superconducting lead (Pb) is shown to be very sensitive to the ramp rate of an applied magnetic field. The configurations of resulting static patterns depend sensitively on the shape of the specimen. In particular, geometric barrier, present in the samples with rectangular cross-section, plays an important role in determining the sharp boundary between the phases of different topology. We propose that seemingly laminar (stripe) pattern obtained as a result of the fast field ramp is simply an imprint left behind by the fast-moving flux tubes. Our results confirm that flux tube phase is topologically favorable. C1 [Prozorov, R.; Hoberg, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; NSF [DMR-05-53285] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. acknowledges support from NSF grant number DMR-05-53285 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052217 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052217 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600216 ER PT S AU Prozorov, T McCarty, B Prozorov, R AF Prozorov, T. McCarty, B. Prozorov, R. BE Kes, P Jochemsen, R TI Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on superconducting properties of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT25), PART 5: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT25) CY AUG 06-13, 2008 CL Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Inst Phys, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab AB High intensity ultrasonic irradiation (sonication) of alkane slurries of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x leads to a significant modification of the grain morphology and, if performed with enforced oxygen flow, results in the increase of the super conducting transition temperature. Sonication with added Fe(CO)(5) produces magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) granules. Upon sintering these nanoparticles should act as efficient pinning centers utilizing both condensation and magnetic contributions to the free energy. The developed method could become a major technique to produce practically useful high-pinning nanocomposite materials based on YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor. C1 [Prozorov, T.] Ames Lab, Mat Chem & Biomol Mat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCarty, B.; Prozorov, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, T (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat Chem & Biomol Mat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tprozoro@ameslab.gov; prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; NSF [DMR-06-03841] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. acknowledges support from NSF grant number DMR-06-03841 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 150 AR 052216 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052216 PN 5 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BUK89 UT WOS:000289688600215 ER PT B AU Eidenbenz, S Ercal-Ozkaya, G Meyerson, A Percus, A AF Eidenbenz, Stephan Ercal-Ozkaya, Gunes Meyerson, Adam Percus, Allon GP ACM TI On a Locally Minimum Cost Forwarding Game SO 2ND ACM INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FOUNDATIONS OF WIRELESS AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKING AND COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ACM International Workshop on Foundations of Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking and Computing CY MAY 18, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACM DE game-theory; price of stability; random Euclidean power graphs; reverse multicast ID TOPOLOGY CONTROL; NETWORKS AB We consider the problem of all-to-one (reverse multicast) selfish routing in the absence of a payment scheme in wireless networks, where a. natural model for cost is the power required to forward. Whereas each node requires a path to the destination, it does not care how long that path is, so long as its own individual or local forwarding cost is minimized. Thus, we refer to this setting as a Locally Minimum Cost Forwarding Game (LMCF). From a system-wide perspective, short paths are clearly desirable, yielding two related social objectives of finding topologies that minimize: (i) the maximum stretch factor, and (ii) the directed weighted diameter. We prove that Nash equilibria always exist for LMCF, in particular the directed MST always being one, and we analyze the ratio of the social cost of Nash equilibria to the global optimum. The worst (maximum) possible value of this ratio is called the price, of anarchy (PoA), and the best (minimum) possible value is called the price of stability (PoS). For the maximum stretch factor we present a Omega(n) worst-case bound on PoA and PoS, and for the directed weighted diameter we present a omega(n(c)) worst-case bound on PoA and PoS for all c < 1, even when restricted to Euclidean instances. We prove hardness of computing the optimal Nash equilibrium in three-dimensional Euclidean instances as well as approximation hardness in arbitrary instances. Finally, we propose a heuristic for finding Nash equilibria and analyze, via simulations and probabilistic arguments, the social costs given by the heuristic and by the MST. These results suggest that for random Euclidean power instances, the expected PoA is omega(1) while the expected PoS is Theta(1). C1 [Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eidenbenz, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eidenben@lanl.gov; gunes@ku.edu; awm@cs.ucla.edu; Allon.Percus@cgu.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-523-9 PY 2009 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BRE75 UT WOS:000282528700004 ER PT S AU Skinner, CH AF Skinner, Charles H. BE Itoh, SI Inagaki, S Yagi, M Shindo, M TI Tritium Retention and Removal in Tokamaks SO 2ND ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL: CONFINEMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ITER International Summer School held in Conjunction with 47th Summer School of JSPF for Young Plasma Scientists CY JUL 22-28, 2008 CL Kasuga, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports,Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Kyushu Univ, Asada Res Fdn, Natl Inst Fusion Sci, Univ Provence, Natl Ctr Sci Res, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, French Embassy, French Atomic Energy Commiss, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, US DOE, Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, ITER Org, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fusion Res DE Tritium retention; tritium removal; tokamaks; ITER ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; HYDROGEN RETENTION; FUSION-REACTOR; SCANNING LASER; CARBON TILES; TFTR; JET; DUST; CODEPOSITS; INVENTORY AB Management of tritium inventory remains one of the grand challenges in the development of fusion energy. Tritium is an important source term in safety assessments, it is expensive and in short supply. Tritium can be continuously retained in a tokamak by codeposition with eroded carbon or beryllium and JET and TFTR with carbon plasma facing components showed a tritium retention level that would be unacceptable in ITER or future fusion reactors. Asdex-U and Alcator C-mod have shown reduced hydrogenic retention with tungsten clad and molybdenum plasma facing components. Once the tritium inventory approaches the administrative limit, tritium must be removed to permit continued D-T plasma operations. Several candidate techniques are being considered and need to be proven at a relevant speed and efficiency in contemporary tokamaks. Projections for ITER are discussed. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0628-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1095 BP 127 EP 145 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJC70 UT WOS:000264797500012 ER PT S AU Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Felmy, AR Ford, JJ Hu, JZ Lea, AS Nachimuthu, P Saraf, L Sears, JA Thevuthasan, S AF Baer, D. R. Engelhard, M. H. Felmy, A. R. Ford, J. J. Hu, J. Z. Lea, A. S. Nachimuthu, P. Saraf, L. Sears, J. A. Thevuthasan, S. BE Li, J Vanysek, P Brown, R BrucknerLea, C Hatchet, D Josowicz, M TI New Approaches for Characterizing Sensor and Other Modern Complex Materials SO 35 YEARS OF CHEMICAL SENSORS - AN HONORARY SYMPOSIUM FOR PROFESSOR JIRI JANATA'S 70TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MAS NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CONDITIONS; IN-SITU NMR; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; CARBON CONTAMINATION; EXPERT-SYSTEM; RULE SET; POLYANILINE; CONVERSION AB Advances in understanding of sensor and other modem complex materials are often enabled by new research tools. This paper highlights three capability development themes used to identify new research tools to be provided to users of the U. S. Department of Energy's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. These capability development directions address the importance of dynamic measurements in realistic environments, the need for increased resolution in three dimensional analyses as well as the importance of linking theory and experiment. Capability development involves expanding the range of operation for a number of important techniques, developing and applying new capabilities, and advancing methods of data processing. Examples of current developments are provided including those related to magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, application of a focused beam capability to fuel cell aging, and near real time analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. C1 [Baer, D. R.; Engelhard, M. H.; Felmy, A. R.; Ford, J. J.; Hu, J. Z.; Lea, A. S.; Nachimuthu, P.; Saraf, L.; Sears, J. A.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-714-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1149/1.3118546 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BMJ68 UT WOS:000272592400015 ER PT S AU Houk, RJT Lee, JH Allendorf, MD Hesketh, PJ AF Houk, Ronald J. T. Lee, Jin-Hwan Allendorf, Mark D. Hesketh, Peter J. BE Li, J Vanysek, P Brown, R BrucknerLea, C Hatchet, D Josowicz, M TI The Metal Organic Films for Tailorable Chemical Sensing on Microcantilevers SO 35 YEARS OF CHEMICAL SENSORS - AN HONORARY SYMPOSIUM FOR PROFESSOR JIRI JANATA'S 70TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID FORCE MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; PIEZORESISTIVE CANTILEVERS; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; COORDINATION POLYMER; SORPTION PROPERTIES; FRAMEWORKS; STORAGE; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; MOLECULES AB A new generation of versatile microcantilever sensors with tailorable nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been successfully demonstrated. Two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), HKUST-1 and MOF-508 were characterized to demonstrate new stress-induced sensing mechanism. The microcantilever sensors were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with 1 mu m thickness of the final beam. The results exhibited extraordinary sensitivity, and a selective reversible response for chemical detection (1). Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting attention as the ideal material for sensing applications because of their nanoporosity, ultrahigh surface area, and the fact that they can be tailored for adsorption of specific analytes (1). In this work, HKUST-1 was prepared and characterized to demonstrate that different MOFs can detect multiple analytes with microcantilever array (2). The elastic properties of MOFs were measured by nano-indentation test (MTS Nano-Indentor XP) and Raman microscope (Renishaw) was used to characterize coated MOFs-thin films on gold compared with MOFs powders. C1 [Houk, Ronald J. T.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Houk, RJT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-714-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1149/1.3118561 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BMJ68 UT WOS:000272592400030 ER PT S AU Nelson, MA Brosha, EL Williamson, T Mukundan, R Garzon, FH AF Nelson, M. A. Brosha, E. L. Williamson, T. Mukundan, R. Garzon, F. H. BE Li, J Vanysek, P Brown, R BrucknerLea, C Hatchet, D Josowicz, M TI Application of X-Ray Tomography to Optimization of New NO(x)/NH(3) Mixed Potential Sensors for Vehicle On-board Emissions Control SO 35 YEARS OF CHEMICAL SENSORS - AN HONORARY SYMPOSIUM FOR PROFESSOR JIRI JANATA'S 70TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID ELECTROLYTE AB Mixed potential sensors for the detection of hydrocarbons, NO., and NH(3) have been previously developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The LANL sensors have a unique design incorporating dense ceramic-pellet/metal-wire electrodes and porous electrolytes. The performance of current-biased sensors using an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and platinum and La(0.8)Sr(0.2)CrO(3) electrodes is reported. X-ray tomography has been applied to non-destructively exam internal structures of these sensors. NO(x) and hydrocarbon response of the sensors under various bias conditions is reported, and very little NO(x) response hysteresis was observed. The application of a 0.6 mu A bias to these sensors shifts the response from a hydrocarbon response to a NOx response equal for both NO and NO(2) species at approximately 500 degrees C in air. C1 [Nelson, M. A.; Brosha, E. L.; Williamson, T.; Mukundan, R.; Garzon, F. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mnelson@lanl.gov OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-714-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1149/1.3118562 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BMJ68 UT WOS:000272592400031 ER PT S AU Grate, JW O'Hara, MJ Egorov, OB Burge, SR AF Grate, Jay W. O'Hara, Matthew J. Egorov, Oleg B. Burge, Scott R. BE Li, J Vanysek, P Brown, R BrucknerLea, C Hatchet, D Josowicz, M TI Radionuclide Sensors and Systems for Environmental Monitoring SO 35 YEARS OF CHEMICAL SENSORS - AN HONORARY SYMPOSIUM FOR PROFESSOR JIRI JANATA'S 70TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications held at the 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 25-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID UNIVERSAL SAMPLING/ANALYTICAL SYSTEM; PRECONCENTRATING MINICOLUMN SENSORS; WATER; GROUNDWATER; TC-99 AB We have developed automated sensor and monitoring devices for trace radionuclides in water, using preconcentrating columns and radiometric detection. The preconcentrating minicolumn sensor concept combines selective capture and detection in a single functional unit. We have demonstrated quantification of radionuclides such as technetium-99 to levels below drinking water standards in an equilibration-based process that produces steady state signals, signal proportional to concentration, and easy re-equilibration to new concentration levels. Alternatively, monitors can be developed with separate separation and detection units that are fluidically linked. We have demonstrated detection of strontium-90 to levels below drinking water standards by this approach. We are developing autonomous systems for at-site monitoring on the Hanford Site in Washington State. C1 [Grate, Jay W.; O'Hara, Matthew J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-714-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1149/1.3118565 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BMJ68 UT WOS:000272592400034 ER PT B AU Weiss, JF AF Weiss, J. F. BE Skopek, J TI Development Of Radiation-Protective Agents SO 37TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the European-Radiation-Research-Society CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Radiat Res Soc AB The translation of agents from animal testing to use in various scenarios, such as prophylactic adjuncts in radiotherapy or postexposure treatments for potential victims of radiation accidents/incidents, has been slow. The agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are : Prussian blue, calcium diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA) and zinc DTPA, and potassium iodide for use in reducing exposure to internal radionuclides, and amifostine for alleviating xerostomia associated with radiotherapy. Consensus groups have also recommended other therapies such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for radiation-induced neutropenia. Agents in the research pipeline include those that are naturally-occurring with low toxicity, protect normal tissue while sensitizing tumors, or act via receptors to modulate biological processes. C1 US DOE, Off Hlth & Safety, Washington, DC USA. RP Weiss, JF (reprint author), US DOE, Off Hlth & Safety, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 978-88-7587-553-4 PY 2009 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BVU18 UT WOS:000292760700006 ER PT S AU Gong, X Wang, L Cui, X Feng, L Yuan, X Ashley, MCB Allen, G Bonnei, CS Biadley, SG Everett, JR Hengst, S Hu, J Jiang, Z Kulesa, CA Lawrence, JS Li, Y Luong-Van, DM McCaughrean, MJ Moore, AM Pennypacker, C Qin, W Riddle, R Shang, Z Storey, JWV Sun, B Suntzeff, N Tothill, NFH Travouillon, T Walker, CK Yan, J Yang, H Yang, J York, DG Zhang, X Zhang, Z Zhou, X Zhu, Z AF Gong, X. Wang, L. Cui, X. Feng, L. Yuan, X. Ashley, M. C. B. Allen, G. Bonnei, C. S. Biadley, S. G. Everett, J. R. Hengst, S. Hu, J. Jiang, Z. Kulesa, C. A. Lawrence, J. S. Li, Y. Luong-Van, D. M. McCaughrean, M. J. Moore, A. M. Pennypacker, C. Qin, W. Riddle, R. Shang, Z. Storey, J. W. V. Sun, B. Suntzeff, N. Tothill, N. F. H. Travouillon, T. Walker, C. K. Yan, J. Yang, H. Yang, J. York, D. G. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. BE Spinoglio, L Epchtein, N TI DOME A SITE TESTING AND FUTURE PLANS SO 3RD ARENA CONFERENCE ON AN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY AT CONCORDIA (DOME C, ANTARCTICA) SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ARENA Conference on Astronomical Observatory at CONCORDIA (Dome C, Antarctica) CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Frascati, ITALY SP European Comm, ARENA Coordination Action ID ANTARCTICA AB In January 2005, members of a Chinese expedition team were the first humans to visit Dome A on the Antarctic plateau, a site predicted to be one of the very best astronomical sites on earth In 2006, the Chinese Center for Antarctic Astronomy (CCAA) was founded to promote the development of astronomy in Antarctica, especially at Dome A CCAA has since taken part in two traverses to Dome A, organized by the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC), in the austral summers of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 These traverses resulted in the installation of many site-testing and science instruments supported by the PLATO observatory The Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) has produced excellent results from Dome A Our future plans include further site-testing work, and the following full-scale science instruments three 0 5-m Antarctic Schmidt Telescopes (AST3) and a proposed 4-m telescope for wide-field infrared high spatial-resolution surveys The first AST3 telescope is under construction and is scheduled for installation in 2011 C1 [Gong, X.; Cui, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol, Natl Astron Observ, Nanjing 210012, Peoples R China. [Gong, X.; Wang, L.; Cui, X.; Yuan, X.; Hu, J.; Jiang, Z.; Li, Y.; Qin, W.; Shang, Z.; Sun, B.; Yan, J.; Yang, H.; Yang, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, X.; Zhu, Z.] Chinese Ctr Antarct Astron, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Wang, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wang, L.; Yuan, X.; Hu, J.; Jiang, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Feng, L.; Yan, J.; Yang, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, Z.] Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Ashley, M. C. B.; Bonnei, C. S.; Everett, J. R.; Hengst, S.; Lawrence, J. S.; Luong-Van, D. M.; Storey, J. W. V.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Allen, G.] Solar Mobil Pty Ltd, Thornleigh, NSW 2120, Australia. [Biadley, S. G.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Kulesa, C. A.; Walker, C. K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lawrence, J. S.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Lawrence, J. S.] Anglo Australian Observ, Sydney, NSW 1710, Australia. [Li, Y.; Qin, W.; Sun, B.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Z.] Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [McCaughrean, M. J.; Tothill, N. F. H.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Moore, A. M.] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pennypacker, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riddle, R.; Travouillon, T.] Thirty Meter Telescope Project, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Shang, Z.] Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin 300074, Peoples R China. [York, D. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gong, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Astron Opt & Technol, Natl Astron Observ, Nanjing 210012, Peoples R China. RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016 OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0485-6 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2009 VL 40 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1040007 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSU34 UT WOS:000285825400007 ER PT S AU Ashley, MCB Allen, G Bonner, CS Bradley, SG Cui, X Everett, JR Feng, L Gong, X Hengst, S Hu, J Jiang, Z Kulesa, CA Lawrence, JS Li, Y Luong-Van, DM McCaughrean, MJ Moore, AM Pennypacker, C Qin, W Riddle, R Shang, Z Storey, JWV Sun, B Suntzeff, N Tothill, NFH Travouillon, T Walker, CK Wang, L Yan, J Yang, H Yang, J York, DG Yuan, X Zhang, X Zhang, Z Zhou, X Zhu, Z AF Ashley, M. C. B. Allen, G. Bonner, C. S. Bradley, S. G. Cui, X. Everett, J. R. Feng, L. Gong, X. Hengst, S. Hu, J. Jiang, Z. Kulesa, C. A. Lawrence, J. S. Li, Y. Luong-Van, D. M. McCaughrean, M. J. Moore, A. M. Pennypacker, C. Qin, W. Riddle, R. Shang, Z. Storey, J. W. V. Sun, B. Suntzeff, N. Tothill, N. F. H. Travouillon, T. Walker, C. K. Wang, L. Yan, J. Yang, H. Yang, J. York, D. G. Yuan, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. BE Spinoglio, L Epchtein, N TI PLATO-A ROBOTIC OBSERVATORY FOR THE ANTARCTIC PLATEAU SO 3RD ARENA CONFERENCE ON AN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY AT CONCORDIA (DOME C, ANTARCTICA) SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ARENA Conference on Astronomical Observatory at CONCORDIA (Dome C, Antarctica) CY MAY 11-15, 2009 CL Frascati, ITALY SP European Comm, ARENA Coordination Action AB PLATO is a fully-robotic observatory designed for operation in Antarctica It generates its own electricity (about 1 kW) heat (sufficient to keep two 10-foot shipping containers comfortably above 0 degrees C when the outside temperature is at -70 degrees C), and connects to the Internet using the Iridium satellite system (providing similar to 30 MB/day of data transfer) Following a successful first year of operation at Dome A during 2008, PLATO was upgraded with new instruments for 2009 C1 [Ashley, M. C. B.; Bonner, C. S.; Everett, J. R.; Hengst, S.; Lawrence, J. S.; Luong-Van, D. M.; Storey, J. W. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Allen, G.] Solar Mobil Pty Ltd, Thornleigh, NSW 2120, Australia. [Bradley, S. G.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Cui, X.; Gong, X.; Yuan, X.] Nanjing Inst Astronom Opt & Technol, Nanjing 210042, Peoples R China. [Feng, L.; Wang, L.; Yan, J.; Yang, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, Z.] Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Hu, J.; Jiang, Z.; Zhou, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Kulesa, C. A.; Walker, C. K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lawrence, J. S.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Lawrence, J. S.] Anglo Australian Observ, Sydney, NSW 1710, Australia. [Li, Y.; Qin, W.; Sun, B.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Z.] Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [McCaughrean, M. J.; Tothill, N. F. H.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Moore, A. M.] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pennypacker, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riddle, R.; Travouillon, T.] Thirty Meter Telescope Project, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Shang, Z.] Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin 300074, Peoples R China. [Suntzeff, N.; Wang, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [York, D. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ashley, MCB (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016 OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0485-6 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2009 VL 40 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1040009 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSU34 UT WOS:000285825400009 ER PT S AU Levine, J Savina, M Stephan, T Pellin, M AF Levine, J. Savina, M. Stephan, T. Pellin, M. BE Iguchi, T Watanable, K TI Improvements in RIMS Isotopic Precision: Application to in situ atom-limited analyses SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER PROBING - LAP 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Laser Probing CY OCT 06-10, 2008 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, TOKAI Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Div Ionizing Radiat, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Div Radiat Sci Technol, Coherent Inc, Hamamatsu Photon KK, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, St Gobain, Spectra Phys KK, TAK Syst Initiat Corp, Thorlabs Inc, Nagoya Convent & Visitors Bur DE Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry; chromium ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESONANCE IONIZATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; METEORITE; GRAINS; RETURN AB Resonance ionization mass spectrometry offers high sensitivity and elemental selectivity in microanalysis, but the isotopic precision attainable by this technique has been limited. Here we report instrumental modifications to improve the precision of RIMS isotope ratio measurements. Special attention must be paid to eliminating pulse-to-pulse variations in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer through which the photoions travel, and resonant excitation schemes must be chosen such that the resonance transitions can substantially power-broadened to cover the isotope shifts. We report resonance ionization measurements of chromium isotope ratios with statistics-limited precision better than 1%. C1 [Levine, J.; Stephan, T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Levine, J.; Savina, M.; Stephan, T.; Pellin, M.] Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Savina, M.; Pellin, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration which supported J.L. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0640-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1104 BP 90 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BJD30 UT WOS:000264924700013 ER PT S AU Gottwald, T Lassen, J Liu, Y Mattolat, C Raeder, S Wendt, K AF Gottwald, T. Lassen, J. Liu, Y. Mattolat, C. Raeder, S. Wendt, K. BE Iguchi, T Watanable, K TI Laser Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy of the Lanthanides Tb, Dy and Ho as Homologues to Actinides and Super Heavy Elements SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER PROBING - LAP 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Laser Probing CY OCT 06-10, 2008 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, TOKAI Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Div Ionizing Radiat, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Div Radiat Sci Technol, Coherent Inc, Hamamatsu Photon KK, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, St Gobain, Spectra Phys KK, TAK Syst Initiat Corp, Thorlabs Inc, Nagoya Convent & Visitors Bur DE resonance ionization mass spectrometry; laser spectroscopy; lanthanides ID ION-SOURCE; TESTS; HRIBF AB Spectroscopic investigations of the rare earth elements Tb, Dy and Ho have been carried out using laser resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. A variety of new intermediate energy levels and autoionizing states were observed in these elements. Efficient and selective excitation and ionization schemes for the elements have been developed for Ti:Sapphire lasers using the spectroscopic data. Resonant ionization schemes for Np were also been studied as the preparation work for related investigations on actinide elements and for the spectroscopy on the heaviest elements, where spectroscopic data so far are scarce or not existing at all. C1 [Gottwald, T.; Mattolat, C.; Raeder, S.; Wendt, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Lassen, J.] TRIUMF, Accelerator Div, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Liu, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gottwald, T (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RI Raeder, Sebastian/F-5910-2013 FU Office of Nuclear Physics; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC; University of Mainz Forschungsfond FX The authors thank the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz for its support regarding the studies on neptunium and the preparation of samples. This research has been sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC as well as the University of Mainz Forschungsfond. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0640-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1104 BP 138 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BJD30 UT WOS:000264924700021 ER PT S AU Zinovev, AV Veryovkin, IV Pellin, MJ AF Zinovev, Alexander V. Veryovkin, Igor V. Pellin, Michael J. BE Iguchi, T Watanable, K TI Laser-induced desorption of organic molecules from front- and back-irradiated metal foils SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER PROBING - LAP 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Laser Probing CY OCT 06-10, 2008 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, TOKAI Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Div Ionizing Radiat, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Div Radiat Sci Technol, Coherent Inc, Hamamatsu Photon K K, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, St Gobain, Spectra Phys K K, TAK Syst Initiat Corp, Thorlabs Inc, Nagoya Convent & Vistors Bur DE Laser desorption; molecules; ionization; mass-spectrometry; acoustic waves ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACOUSTIC DESORPTION; TIME AB Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption (LIAD) from thin metal foils is a promising technique for gentle and efficient volatilization of intact organic molecules from surfaces of solid substrates. Using the Single Photon Ionization (SPI) method combined with time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (TOF MS), desorbed flux in LIAD was examined and compared to that from direct laser desorption (LD). Molecules of various organic dyes were used in experiments. Translational velocities of the desorbed intact molecules did not depend on the desorbing laser intensity, which implies the presence of more sophisticated mechanism of energy transfer than the direct mechanical or thermal coupling between the laser pulse and the adsorbed molecules. The results of our experiments indicate that the LIAD phenomenon cannot be described in terms of a simple mechanical shake-off nor the direct laser desorption. Rather, they suggest that multi-step energy transfer processes are involved. Possible qualitative mechanism of LIAD that are based on formation of non-equilibrium energy states in the adsorbate-substrate system are proposed and discussed. C1 [Zinovev, Alexander V.; Veryovkin, Igor V.; Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zinovev, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0640-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1104 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BJD30 UT WOS:000264924700032 ER PT S AU Younes, W Gogny, D AF Younes, W. Gogny, D. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI The microscopic theory of fission SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Prov Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE fission; Hartree Fock Bogoliubov; finite-range interaction ID NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; FRAGMENTS; PU-239; ENERGY AB Fission-fragment properties have been calculated for thermal neutron-induced fission on a (239)Pu target, using constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with a finite-range effective interaction. A quantitative criterion based on the interaction energy between the nascent fragments is introduced to define the scission configurations. The validity of this criterion is benchmarked against experimental measurements of the kinetic energies and of multiplicities of neutrons emitted by the fragments. C1 [Younes, W.; Gogny, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Younes, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100001 ER PT S AU Chadwick, MB AF Chadwick, Mark B. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Evaluation of Fission Product Yields from Fission Spectrum n+(239)Pu Using a Meta Analysis of Benchmark Data SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Prov Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Fission product yields AB Los Alamos conducted a dual fission-chamber experiment in the 1970s in the Bigten critical assembly to determine fission product data in a fast (fission neutron spectrum) environment, and this defined the Laboratory's fission basis today. We describe how the data from this experiment are consistent with other benchmark fission product yield measurements for (95,97)Zr, (140)Ba, (143,144)Ce, (137)Cs from the NIST-led ILRR fission chamber experiments, and from Maeck's mass-spectrometry data. We perform a new evaluation of the fission product yields that is planned for ENDF/B-VII.1. Because the measurement database for some of the FPs is small - especially for (147)Nd and (99)Mo - we use a meta-analysis that incorporates insights from other accurately-measured benchmark FP data. The %-relative changes compared to ENDF/B-VI are small for some FPs (less than 1% for (95)Zr, (140)Ba, (144)Ce), but are larger for (99)Mo (3%) and (147)Nd (5%). We suggest an incident neutron energy dependence to the (147)Nd fission product yield that accounts for observed differences in the FPY at a few-hundred keV average energy in fast reactors versus measurements made at higher average energies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100012 ER PT S AU Cizewski, JA Jones, KL Kozub, RL Pain, SD Adekola, A Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Catford, WN Chae, KY Chipps, KA Erikson, L Gaddis, A Grzywacz, R Harlin, C Hatarik, R Howard, J Johnson, MS Kapler, R Krolas, W Liang, JF Livesay, R Ma, Z Matei, C Moazen, B Nesaraja, CD O'Malley, P Paulauskas, SV Peters, WA Shapira, D Shriner, JF Sissom, DJ Smith, MS Swan, TP Thomas, JS Wilson, GL AF Cizewski, J. A. Jones, K. L. Kozub, R. L. Pain, S. D. Adekola, A. Bardayan, D. W. Blackmon, J. C. Catford, W. N. Chae, K. Y. Chipps, K. A. Erikson, L. Gaddis, A. Grzywacz, R. Harlin, C. Hatarik, R. Howard, J. Johnson, M. S. Kapler, R. Krolas, W. Liang, J. F. Livesay, R. Ma, Z. Matei, C. Moazen, B. Nesaraja, C. D. O'Malley, P. Paulauskas, S. V. Peters, W. A. Shapira, D. Shriner, J. F., Jr. Sissom, D. J. Smith, M. S. Swan, T. P. Thomas, J. S. Wilson, G. L. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Neutron-Transfer Reaction Studies with Fission Fragment Radioactive Ion Beams near Sn-132 SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Radioactive ion beams; neutron-rich nuclei; neutron transfer reactions; r-process nucleosynthesis; fission fragment spectroscopy ID SURROGATE REACTION; D,P-GAMMA AB Neutron transfer (d,p) reactions have been measured with neutron-rich fission fragment beams of Sn-130,Sn-132 and Te-134 populating l=1 and l=3 excitations above the N=82 shell gap. Preliminary results and future prospects are discussed. C1 [Cizewski, J. A.; Jones, K. L.; Pain, S. D.; Hatarik, R.; Howard, J.; O'Malley, P.; Peters, W. A.; Swan, T. P.; Wilson, G. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Jones, K. L.; Chae, K. Y.; Grzywacz, R.; Kapler, R.; Ma, Z.; Moazen, B.; Nesaraja, C. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kozub, R. L.; Howard, J.; Paulauskas, S. V.; Shriner, J. F., Jr.; Sissom, D. J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Pain, S. D.; Bardayan, D. W.; Blackmon, J. C.; Liang, J. F.; Nesaraja, C. D.; Shapira, D.; Smith, M. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Adekola, A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45703 USA. [Catford, W. N.; Harlin, C.; Swan, T. P.; Thomas, J. S.; Wilson, G. L.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Chipps, K. A.; Erikson, L.; Livesay, R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Gaddis, A.; Johnson, M. S.; Kapler, R.; Matei, C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gaddis, A.] Furman Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Krolas, W.] Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Cizewski, JA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; Gaddis, Abigail/I-3085-2016; Matei, Catalin/B-2586-2008; OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Gaddis, Abigail/0000-0001-7495-1552; Matei, Catalin/0000-0002-2254-3853; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG52-08NA28552]; ORNL [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; TTU [DE-FG02-96ER40955, DE-FG03-93-ER40789]; UTK [DE-FG03-93ER40789]; National Science Foundation; and the LORD program of ORNL FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract numbers DE-FG52-08NA28552 (Rutgers, ORAU), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-96ER40955 (TTU), DE-FG02-96ER40990 (TTU), DE-FG03-93-ER40789 (UTK), DE-FG03-93ER40789 (Mines); the National Science Foundation; and the LORD program of ORNL. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 147 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100022 ER PT S AU Simpson, GS Urban, W Genevey, J Orlandi, R Pinston, JA Scherillo, A Smith, AG Smith, JF Ahmad, I Greene, JP AF Simpson, G. S. Urban, W. Genevey, J. Orlandi, R. Pinston, J. A. Scherillo, A. Smith, A. G. Smith, J. F. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Two Quasiparticle Isomers and Bands of Nd-154,Nd-156, Sm-156,Sm-158 SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Nuclear Structure ID HIGH-SPIN; STATES; IDENTIFICATION AB The decay of a new 3.2 mu s, (4(-)) isomeric state at 1298.0 keV has been observed using gamma-ray spectroscopy at the Lohengrin mass spectrometer of the Institut Laue-Langevin. Prompt gamma-ray data from a spontaneous fission experiment have also been analyzed allowing the observation of a collective band on top of this isomeric state, the identification of a new band on top of the previously reported (5(-)) isomer of Nd-156 and the extension of collective bands on top of (5(-)) isomers of the, neighboring Sm-156,Sm-158 nuclei. Quasiparticle rotor model calculations correctly predict the energies and decay patterns of these bands. C1 [Simpson, G. S.; Genevey, J.; Pinston, J. A.] Univ Grenoble 1, LPSC, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS,IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Urban, W.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Orlandi, R.] INFN, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Scherillo, A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Smith, A. G.; Smith, J. F.] Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Simpson, GS (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LPSC, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS,IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 154 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100023 ER PT S AU Hamilton, JH Zhu, SJ Luo, YX Ramayya, AV Rasmussen, JO Hwang, JK Wang, JG Xu, Q Ding, HB Liu, SH Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Oganessian, Y AF Hamilton, J. H. Zhu, S. J. Luo, Y. X. Ramayya, A. V. Rasmussen, J. O. Hwang, J. K. Wang, J. G. Xu, Q. Ding, H. B. Liu, S. H. Ter-Akopian, G. M. Daniel, A. V. Oganessian, Y. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI New Insights into the Collective Band Structures of Nuclei with A=100-112 SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Collective motion; Cf-252; gamma-vibrational bands; Pseudospin bands ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; SPIN SYMMETRY; DEFORMATION; FISSION; MO-108; IDENTIFICATION; ISOTOPES; REGION AB With our high statistics gamma-gamma-gamma data set taken with Gammasphere, we have identified a variety of new phenomena in A=100-112 nuclei. The one- and two- phonon gamma bands in Mo-104,Mo-106 have been extended and similar bands identified in Mo-108 and for the first time in both an odd N nucleus, Mo-105 and an odd Z nucleus, Nb-103. The one- and two- phonon gamma band energy levels in Mo-104,Mo-105,Mo-106,Mo-108 are remarkably similar with a trend toward lower energy as N increases. In Ru-108,Ru-110,Ru-112 the one phonon gamma bands show a completely different behavior from Mo104-108 with very large odd-even spin level energy staggering in Ru-112. Our data indicate a maximum triaxiality around Ru-112. In Nb-100 which lies between N=58 and 60 where a sudden shift from spherical to superdeformed structures occurs in Sr and Zr nuclei, we have discovered a K-pi=1(+) deformed ground state band. In Tc-108, we found the first pseudospin partner bands with nearly degenerate energies in this mass region. C1 [Hamilton, J. H.; Luo, Y. X.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Liu, S. H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zhu, S. J.; Wang, J. G.; Xu, Q.; Ding, H. B.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Luo, Y. X.; Rasmussen, J. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Daniel, A. V.; Oganessian, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Hamilton, JH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG05-88ER40407, W-7405-ENG48]; NNSFC [10575057, 10775078]; MSBRDP [2007CB815005] FX The work at Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Tsinghua University was supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Grant Nos. DE-FG05-88ER40407, Contract Nos. W-7405-ENG48 and the NNSFC under Grant No. 10575057 and 10775078 and MSBRDP under Grant 2007CB815005. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 166 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100025 ER PT S AU Calviani, M Colonna, N Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Belloni, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Carrapico, C Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillmann, I Domingo-Pardo, C Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fujii, K Furman, W Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Ketlerov, V Kerveno, M Koehler, P Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lampoudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez, T Massimi, C Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Praena, J Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Santos, C Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Calviani, M. Colonna, N. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Assimakopoulos, P. Audouin, L. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Belloni, F. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Carrapico, C. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Chiaveri, E. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dillmann, I. Domingo-Pardo, C. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrant, L. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Fujii, K. Furman, W. Goncalves, I. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Goverdovski, A. Gramegna, F. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Jericha, E. Kaeppeler, F. Kadi, Y. Karadimos, D. Karamanis, D. Ketlerov, V. Kerveno, M. Koehler, P. Konovalov, V. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lampoudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Martinez, T. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mengoni, A. Milazzo, P. M. Moreau, C. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papachristodoulou, C. Papadopoulos, C. Paradela, C. Patronis, N. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perrot, L. Pigni, M. T. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Praena, J. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Santos, C. Sarchiapone, L. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Fission Cross-Section Measurements On U-233 And Minor Actinides At The CERN n_TOF Facility SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Neutron cross-section; neutron-induced fission reactions; n_TOF; Th/U fuel cycle; level density AB Neutron-induced fission cross-sections of minor actinides have been measured at the white neutron source n_TOF at CERN, Geneva. The studied isotopes include U-233, interesting for Th/U based nuclear fuel cycles, Am-241,Am-243 and Cm-245, relevant for transmutation and waste reduction studies in new generation fast reactors (Gen-IV) or Accelerator Driven Systems. The measurements take advantage of the unique features of the n_TOF facility, namely the wide energy range, the high instantaneous neutron flux and the low background. Results for the involved isotopes are reported from similar to 30 meV to around 1 MeV neutron enegy. The measurements have been performed with a dedicated Fission Ionization Chamber (FIC), relative to the standard cross-section of the U-235 fission reaction, measured simultaneously with the same detector. Results are here reported. C1 [Calviani, M.; Abbondanno, U.; Aerts, G.; Cennini, P.; Chiaveri, E.; Dahlfors, M.; Embid-Segura, M.; Ferrari, A.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Kadi, Y.; Mengoni, A.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Abbondanno, U.; Capote, R.; Marrone, S.; Tagliente, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Abbondanno, U.; Aerts, G.; Belloni, F.; Fujii, K.; Milazzo, P. M.; Moreau, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Abbondanno, U.; Aerts, G.; Alvarez, H.; Andriamonje, S.; Carrapico, C.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Lampoudis, C.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.] CEA Saclay, IFRU, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Alvarez, H.; Duran, I.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Rectorado, Spain. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Embid-Segura, M.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Guerrero, C.; Martinez, T.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.] Cent Invest Energet Medioambientales & Technol, Madrid, Spain. [Abbondanno, U.; Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland. [Abbondanno, U.; Assimakopoulos, P.; Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Patronis, N.] Univ loannina, Lwavvivwv, Greece. [Audouin, L.; David, S.; Ferrant, L.; Tassan-Got, L.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, IN2P3 IPN, Orsay, France. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Oberhummer, H.; Pigni, M. T.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominstitut Osterreichischen Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Baumann, P.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Rudolf, G.] Ctr Natl Rec Scientf, eIN2P3 IReS, Strasbourg, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Calvino, F.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Gramegna, F.; Mastinu, P.] Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Bari, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Capote, R.; Mengoni, A.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. [Capote, R.; Lozano, M.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Carrapico, C.; Salgado, J.; Santos, C.; Tavora, L.] ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Goncalves, I.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra,, LIP Coimbra, Dept Fis, Coimbra, Portugal. [Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Dillmann, I.; Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Abbondanno, U.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Eleftheriadis, C.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Furman, W.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. Ctr Natl Rech Scientif, IN2P3 CENBG, Bordeaux, France. [Haight, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Abbondanno, U.; Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR, Athens, Greece. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Sezione INFN, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. [Papadopoulos, C.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Pavlik, A.] Univ Wien, Inst Isotopenforschung Kernphys, Vienna, Austria. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard Vinci, Paris Defense, Paris, France. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] IRMM, JRC, CEC, Geel, Belgium. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Basel, Switzerland. [Rubbia, C.] Univ Delgi Studi Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Goverdovski, A.; Konovalov, V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. RP Calviani, M (reprint author), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RI Martinez, Trinitario/K-6785-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Becvar, Frantisek/D-3824-2012; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Goncalves, Isabel/J-6954-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Cortes, Guillem/B-6869-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014 OI Martinez, Trinitario/0000-0002-0683-5506; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Chepel, Vitaly/0000-0003-0675-4586; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Marques, Rui/0000-0003-3549-8198; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 211 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100032 ER PT S AU Granier, T Nelson, R Romain, P Devlin, M Fotiades, N AF Granier, Thierry Nelson, Ron Romain, Pascal Devlin, Matt Fotiades, Nick BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI New Measurement of the Pu-238(n,f) Cross-section SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Fission; Pu-238; cross sections AB A new measurement of the fast neutron-induced fission cross section of Pu-238 in the 2200 MeV domain is presented. Preliminary results confirm theoretical indications that above 6 MeV this cross section was, up to now, overestimated by 20 to 30 %. C1 [Granier, Thierry; Romain, Pascal] Commissariat Energie Atom DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Nelson, Ron; Devlin, Matt; Fotiades, Nick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Granier, T (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 FU CEA/DAM; NNSA/DP; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos National Security; LLC; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of an agreement between CEA/DAM and NNSA/DP on cooperation on fundamental science. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DEAC52-06NA25396. This work has benefited from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at LANL. This facility is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 227 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100034 ER PT S AU Haight, RC Noda, S Nelson, RO O'Donnell, JM Devlin, M Chatillon, A Granier, T Taieb, J Laurent, B Belier, G Becker, JA Wu, CY AF Haight, R. C. Noda, S. Nelson, R. O. O'Donnell, J. M. Devlin, M. Chatillon, A. Granier, T. Taieb, J. Laurent, B. Belier, G. Becker, J. A. Wu, C-Y. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Fission Neutron Spectra Measurements at LANSCE - Status and Plans SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Neutron-induced fission; Fission neutrons; experiment; time of flight; LANSCE; white neutron source; U-235; U-238; Np-237; Pu-239; Th-232 ID SCIENCE; ENERGY; U-238 AB A program to measure fission neutron spectra from neutron-induced fission of actinides is underway at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) in a collaboration among the CEA laboratory at Bruyeres-le-Chatel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. The spallation source of fast neutrons at LANSCE is used to provide incident neutron energies from less than 1 MeV to 100 MeV or higher. The fission events take place in a gas-ionization fission chamber, and the time of flight from the neutron source to that chamber gives the energy of the incident neutron. Outgoing neutrons are detected by an array of organic liquid scintillator neutron detectors, and their energies are deduced from the time of flight from the fission chamber to the neutron detector. Measurements have been made of the fission neutrons from fission of U-235, U-238, Np-237 and Pu-239. The range of outgoing energies measured so far is from 0.7 MeV to approximately 8 MeV. These partial spectra and average fission neutron energies are compared with evaluated data and with models of fission neutron emission. Results to date are summarized in this presentation. Future plans are to make significant improvements in the fission chambers, neutron detectors, signal processing, data acquisition and the experimental environment to provide high fidelity data including measurements of fission neutrons below 0.7 MeV and improvements in the data above 8 MeV. C1 [Haight, R. C.; Noda, S.; Nelson, R. O.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Devlin, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chatillon, A.; Granier, T.; Taieb, J.; Laurent, B.; Belier, G.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Becker, J. A.; Wu, C-Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 FU US Department of Energy; LLC [DE-AC52 06NA25396] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This facility is funded by the US Department of Energy and operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC under contract DE-AC52 06NA25396. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 241 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100036 ER PT S AU Talou, P AF Talou, P. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Advanced Modeling of Prompt Fission Neutrons SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Prov Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Prompt fission neutrons; nuclear fission ID MASS; FRAGMENTS; SPECTRA; ENERGY; U-235 AB Theoretical and numerical studies of prompt fission neutrons are presented. The main results of the Los Alamos model often used in nuclear data evaluation work are reviewed briefly, and a preliminary assessment of uncertainties associated with the evaluated prompt fission neutron spectrum for n (0.5 MeV)+(239)Pu is discussed. Advanced modeling of prompt fission neutrons is done by Monte Carlo simulations of the evaporation process of the excited primary fission fragments. The successive emissions of neutrons are followed in the statistical formalism framework, and detailed information, beyond average quantities, can be inferred. This approach is applied to the following reactions: (252)Cf (sf), n(th)+(239)Pu, n (0.5 MeV)+(235)U, and (236)Pu (sf). A discussion on the merits and present limitations of this approach concludes this presentation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100039 ER PT S AU Vermote, S Wagemans, C Serot, O Soldner, T Geltenbort, P Van Gils, J Almahamid, I Tian, G Rao, L AF Vermote, S. Wagemans, C. Serot, O. Soldner, T. Geltenbort, P. Van Gils, J. Almahamid, I. Tian, G. Rao, L. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Ternary Fission of Cf-249(n,f) and Cf-250(SF) SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE nuclear reaction Cf-249(n,f); E=5.4 meV; radioactivity Cf-250(SF); measured ternary fission alpha; triton and He-6 emission probabilities and energy distributions AB During the last years, several Cm and Cf isotopes have been studied by our research group in the frame of a systematic investigation of gas emission characteristics in ternary fission. Here we report on new results on the energy distribution and the emission probability of H-3, He-4 and He-6 particles emitted in the spontaneous ternary fission of Cf-250 (E-exc, = 0 MeV) and in the neutron induced ternary fission of Cf-249 (E-exc = 6.625 MeV). Both measurements were performed using suited and well-calibrated Delta E-E telescope detectors, at the IRMM (Geel, Belgium) for the spontaneous fission and at the very intense neutron beam PF1b at the Institute Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France) for the neutron induced fission measurement. In this way, the existing database can be enlarged with new results for Z=98 isotopes, which is important for the systematic investigation. Moreover, the investigation of the 'isotope couple' Cf-249(n,f) - Cf-250(SF), together with corresponding data for other isotopes, will yield valuable information on the influence of the excitation energy on the particle emission probabilities. C1 [Vermote, S.; Wagemans, C.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Serot, O.] CEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Geltenbort, P.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Van Gils, J.] EC JRC Inst Ref Mat & Measurement, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Almahamid, I.] Wadsworth Ctr, York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Almahamid, I.] New York State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Tian, G.; Rao, L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vermote, S (reprint author), Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. FU "Beschleunigerlabor der TU und LMU Miinchen'' FX Thanks for support by the "Beschleunigerlabor der TU und LMU Miinchen''. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 303 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100045 ER PT S AU Ter-Akopian, GM Popeko, GS Daniel, AV Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Kormicki, J Fomichev, AS Rodin, AM Oganessian, YT Rasmussen, JO Hwang, JK Fong, D Luo, YX Gore, P Lee, IY Cole, JD Stoyer, MA Jandel, M Kliman, J Krupa, L AF Ter-Akopian, G. M. Popeko, G. S. Daniel, A. V. Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Kormicki, J. Fomichev, A. S. Rodin, A. M. Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Rasmussen, J. O. Hwang, J. K. Fong, D. Luo, Y. X. Gore, P. Lee, I. Y. Cole, J. D. Stoyer, M. A. Jandel, M. Kliman, J. Krupa, L. BE Chatillon, A Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D Goutte, H TI Fragment Yields Obtained At Gammasphere For The Ternary Fission Of Cf-252 SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 13-16, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA DAM, DIF, CEA Cadarache, ILL, GANIL, AREVA, CANBERRA, Heinziger Elect, Reg Provence-Alpes Cote Azur, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech DE Ternary Fission of Cf-252; LCP yields; Fission Fragments; Independent Yields AB In an experiment carried out at the 4 pi Ge detector facility Gammasphere the yields of ternary fission events of Cf-252 accompanied by the emission of He, Be and C LCPs were measured. For the first time independent yields were measured for 59 pairs of secondary fragments of the He ternary fission and for many fission fragments detected together with the He, Be and C LCPs. With a reasonable assumption that the detected LCPs predominantly are He-4, Be-10 and C-14 their yields and the charge distributions of fission fragments were conjointly analyzed in terms of the "energy cost" concept first suggested by Halpern. C1 [Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Popeko, G. S.; Daniel, A. V.; Fomichev, A. S.; Rodin, A. M.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Luo, Y. X.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37835 USA. [Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Kormicki, J.; Fong, D.; Luo, Y. X.; Gore, P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN USA. [Rasmussen, J. O.; Luo, Y. X.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cole, J. D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Stoyer, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Jandel, M.; Kliman, J.; Krupa, L.] Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Phys Nucl, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Ter-Akopian, GM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG05-88ER40407, W-7405-ENG48, DE-AC03-76SF00098, DEAC07-76ID01570] FX Work at Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory were supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG05-88ER40407 and Contract Nos. W-7405-ENG48, DE-AC03-76SF00098, and DEAC07-76ID01570. We acknowledge the help of A. O. Macchiavelli at LBNL with Gammasphere. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0714-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1175 BP 311 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BPZ30 UT WOS:000280420100046 ER PT S AU Dalvit, DAR Lamoreaux, SK AF Dalvit, Diego A. R. Lamoreaux, Steve K. BE Barton, G Carugno, G Dodonov, V Manko, M TI Computation of Casimir forces for dielectrics or intrinsic semiconductors based on the Boltzmann transport equation SO 60 YEARS OF THE CASIMIR EFFECT SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on 60 Years of the Casimir Effect CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Brasilia, BRAZIL SP Int Ctr Condensed Matter Phys (ICCMP) AB The interaction between drifting carriers and traveling electromagnetic waves is considered within the context of the classical Boltzmann transport equation to compute the Casimir-Lifshitz force between media with small density of charge carriers, including dielectrics and intrinsic semiconductors. We expand upon our previous work (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, in press; arXiv:0805.1676) and derive in some detail the frequency-dependent reflection amplitudes in this theory and compute the corresponding Casimir free energy for a parallel plate configuration. We critically discuss the the issue of verification of the Nernst theorem of thermodynamics in Casimir physics, and explicity show that our theory satisfies that theorem. Finally, we show how the theory of drifting carriers connects to previous computations of Casimir forces using spatial dispersion for the material boundaries. C1 [Dalvit, Diego A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lamoreaux, Steve K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Dalvit, DAR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dalvit@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through LANL/LDRD program for this work FX He also acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD program for this work. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 161 AR UNSP 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/161/1/012009 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTM82 UT WOS:000287359000009 ER PT S AU Kim, WJ Brown-Hayes, M Dalvit, DAR Brownell, JH Onofrio, R AF Kim, W. J. Brown-Hayes, M. Dalvit, D. A. R. Brownell, J. H. Onofrio, R. BE Barton, G Carugno, G Dodonov, V Manko, M TI On electrostatic and Casimir force measurements between conducting surfaces in a sphere-plane configuration SO 60 YEARS OF THE CASIMIR EFFECT SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on 60 Years of the Casimir Effect CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Brasilia, BRAZIL SP Int Ctr Condensed Matter Phys (ICCMP) ID TIP-SAMPLE INTERACTION; ATTRACTIVE FORCES; MU-M; MICROSCOPY; RANGE; DISSIPATION; CANTILEVERS; OSCILLATOR; OBJECTS; SOLIDS AB We report on measurements of forces acting between two conducting surfaces in a spherical-plane configuration in the 35 nm-1 mu m separation range. The measurements are obtained by performing electrostatic calibrations followed by a residuals analysis after subtracting the electrostatic-dependent component. We find in all runs optimal fitting of the calibrations for exponents smaller than the one predicted by electrostatics for an ideal sphere-plane geometry. We also find that the external bias potential necessary to minimize the electrostatic contribution depends on the sphere-plane distance. In spite of these anomalies, by implementing a parametrization-dependent subtraction of the electrostatic contribution we have found evidence for short-distance attractive forces of magnitude comparable to the expected Casimir-Lifshitz force. We finally discuss the relevance of our findings in the more general context of Casimir-Lifshitz force measurements, with particular regard to the critical issues of the electrical and geometrical characterization of the involved surfaces. C1 [Kim, W. J.; Brown-Hayes, M.; Brownell, J. H.; Onofrio, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Dalvit, D. A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Onofrio, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis Galileo Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM onofrio@pd.infn.it FU Dartmouth Graduate Fellowship program; NSF GAAN program; NSF through the Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics at Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We thank R.L. Johnson for skillful technical support, and Q. Wei for experimental assistance. M.B.H. acknowledges support from the Dartmouth Graduate Fellowship program and the NSF GAAN program. W.J.K. acknowledges useful discussions with S.K. Lamoreaux and A. Parsegian, while D.A.R.D. acknowledges interesting discussions with G. Carugno, H.B. Chan, R. Decca, S. de Man, S.K. Lamoreaux, U. Mohideen, J. Munday, and G. Ruoso. R.O. acknowledges partial support by the NSF through the Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and is grateful to F. Capasso and H.B. Chan for kind permission to use a set of their electrostatic calibration data from [17] for the analysis reported in Fig. 14, to J. Chevrier and G. Jourdan for useful discussions and for providing data reported in Fig. 14 prior to their publication, and to R. Decca for useful discussions and for providing data of his experiment reported NR 83 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 161 AR UNSP 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/161/1/012004 PG 26 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTM82 UT WOS:000287359000004 ER PT S AU Rosa, FSS AF Rosa, F. S. S. BE Barton, G Carugno, G Dodonov, V Manko, M TI On the possibility of Casimir repulsion using Metamaterials SO 60 YEARS OF THE CASIMIR EFFECT SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on 60 Years of the Casimir Effect CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Brasilia, BRAZIL SP Int Ctr Condensed Matter Phys (ICCMP) ID NEGATIVE-INDEX; MU-M; FORCE; PERMEABILITY; FREQUENCIES; REFRACTION AB It is well known that the Casimir force between two half-spaces is dictated by their electromagnetic properties. In particular, when one of the half-spaces is mainly metallic or dielectric and the other is mainly magnetic, it is possible to show that the force is repulsive. This has attracted lots of interest towards the study of metamterials (MMs) in the context of Casimir effect, as their magnetic activity might help bring the idea of Casimir repulsion from the theoretical realm to experimental verification. In this paper we investigate the possibility of repulsion when the MM magnetic permeability is given not by a Drude-Lorentz behavior, but by a model put forward by Pendry et al. [16]. After introducing the model and deriving the necessary formulas, we show that it is impossible to achieve repulsion with such a model and present a qualitative discussion of why this is so. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosa, FSS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM darosa@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 161 AR 012039 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/161/1/012039 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTM82 UT WOS:000287359000039 ER PT B AU Fink, GA North, CL Endert, A Rose, S AF Fink, Glenn A. North, Christopher L. Endert, Alex Rose, Stuart BE Frincke, DA Gates, CE Goodall, JR Erbacher, RF TI Visualizing Cyber Security: Usable Workspaces SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON VISUALIZATION FOR CYBER SECURITY 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Visualization for Cyber Security 2009 CY OCT 11, 2009 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Visualizat & Graph Techn Comm DE Cyber analytics; cyber security; visualization; usability; large, high-resolution displays; cognitive task analysis AB The goal of cyber security visualization is to help analysts increase the safety and soundness of our digital infrastructures by providing effective tools and workspaces. Visualization researchers must make visual tools more usable and compelling than the text-based tools that currently dominate cyber analysts' tool chests. A cyber analytics work environment should enable multiple, simultaneous investigations and information foraging, as well as provide a solution space for organizing data. We describe our study of cyber-security professionals and visualizations in a large, high-resolution display work environment and the analytic tasks this environment can support. We articulate a set of design principles for usable cyber analytic workspaces that our studies have brought to light. Finally, we present prototypes designed to meet our guidelines and a usability evaluation of the environment. C1 [Fink, Glenn A.; Rose, Stuart] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [North, Christopher L.; Endert, Alex] Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Fink, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Glenn.Fink@pnl.gov; north@cs.vt.edu; aendert@cs.vt.edu; Stuart.Rose@pnl.gov OI Fink, Glenn/0000-0001-5731-6514 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5413-6 PY 2009 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVH52 UT WOS:000291569000007 ER PT B AU Kasza, K Wu, Y Heine, J Sherandon, D Lake, S AF Kasza, K. Wu, Y. Heine, J. Sherandon, D. Lake, S. BE Kauffeld, M TI DEVELOPMENT OF ICE SLURRY PHASE-CHANGE COOLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS SO 8TH IIR CONFERENCE ON PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS AND SLURRIES FOR REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IIR Conference on Phase Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning CY JUN 03-05, 2009 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Int Inst Refrigerat AB Over the last 15 years, interest in using phase-change ice slurry coolants has grown significantly. Because of the high energy content of ice slurry, which is due to the phase change (melting) of the ice particles under a cooling load, the cooling capacity of ice slurry is many times greater than that of single phase fluids. Research is focused on understanding ice slurry behavior and developing highly-loaded, storable, and pumpable ice slurry coolants. Research has shown that the ice slurry must be engineered to have the correct ice particle characteristics (globular and smooth) so that it can be stored in a tank without agglomeration and is extractable for pumping through pipes at very high ice particle loading without plugging. Potential ice slurry cooling applications range from HVAC and food preservation to recent uses involving inducement of medical protective cooling. This paper provides an overview of the research and development related to the first and last ice slurry applications. C1 [Kasza, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kasza, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kasza@anl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE BN 978-2-913149-69-4 PY 2009 BP 28 EP 42 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BNN57 UT WOS:000275069200004 ER PT S AU Andrews, JC Brennan, S Liu, Y Pianetta, P Almeida, EAC van der Meulen, MCH Wu, Z Mester, Z Ouerdane, L Gelb, J Feser, M Rudati, J Tkachuk, A Yun, W AF Andrews, J. C. Brennan, S. Liu, Y. Pianetta, P. Almeida, E. A. C. van der Meulen, M. C. H. Wu, Z. Mester, Z. Ouerdane, L. Gelb, J. Feser, M. Rudati, J. Tkachuk, A. Yun, W. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Full-field transmission x-ray microscopy for bio-imaging SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH AB A full-field hard-x-ray microscope at SSRL has successfully imaged samples of biological and environmental origin at 40 nm resolution. Phase contrast imaging of trabeculae from a female mouse tibia, loaded in vivo to study the effects of weight-bearing on bone structure, revealed a complex network of osteocytes and canaliculi. Imaging of cordgrass roots exposed to mercury revealed nanoparticles with strong absorption contrast. 3D tomography of yeast cells grown in selenium rich media showed internal structure. C1 [Andrews, J. C.; Brennan, S.; Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liu, Y.; Wu, Z.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Almeida, E. A. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [van der Meulen, M. C. H.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mester, Z.; Ouerdane, L.] Inst Natl Measurment Standards, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada. [Gelb, J.; Feser, M.; Rudati, J.; Tkachuk, A.; Yun, W.] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. RP Andrews, JC (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@slac.stanford.edu RI Mester, Zoltan/F-3154-2013; Liu, Yijin/O-2640-2013; van der Meulen, Marjolein/D-1549-2010; OI Mester, Zoltan/0000-0002-2377-2615; Liu, Yijin/0000-0002-8417-2488; van der Meulen, Marjolein/0000-0001-6637-9808; Ouerdane, Laurent/0000-0002-2752-3579 FU NIH/NIBIB [R01-EB004321]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work has been supported by NIH/NIBIB grant number R01-EB004321. SSRL is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012081 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012081 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900081 PM 20111669 ER PT S AU Andrews, JC Brennan, S Pianetta, P Ishii, H Gelb, J Feser, M Rudati, J Tkachuk, A Yun, W AF Andrews, J. C. Brennan, S. Pianetta, P. Ishii, H. Gelb, J. Feser, M. Rudati, J. Tkachuk, A. Yun, W. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Full-field transmission x-ray microscopy at SSRL SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID ZERNIKE PHASE-CONTRAST; TOMOGRAPHY AB A full-field hard-x-ray microscope at SSRL with 15 micron field of view and 40 nm resolution, as well as 3D tomographic capabilities, has successfully imaged samples of biological, environmental and astronomical origin. Spectroscopic imaging of a particle of comet dust from the NASA Stardust mission showed significantly more absorption contrast above the Fe K-edge, and tomography revealed the three-dimensional structure of the terminal particle and track through the aerogel. C1 [Andrews, J. C.; Brennan, S.; Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ishii, H.] Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gelb, J.; Feser, M.; Rudati, J.; Tkachuk, A.; Yun, W.] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. RP Andrews, JC (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@slac.stanford.edu FU NIH/NIBIB [R01-EB004321]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work has been supported by NIH/NIBIB grant number R01-EB004321. SSRL is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012002 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900002 ER PT S AU Brizuela, F Brewer, C Fernandez, S Martz, D Marconi, M Chao, W Anderson, EH Vinogradov, AV Artyukov, IA Ponomareko, AG Kondratenko, VV Attwood, DT Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Rocca, JJ Menonil, CS AF Brizuela, F. Brewer, C. Fernandez, S. Martz, D. Marconi, M. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Vinogradov, A. V. Artyukov, I. A. Ponomareko, A. G. Kondratenko, V. V. Attwood, D. T. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Rocca, J. J. Menonil, C. S. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI High resolution full-field imaging of nanostructures using compact extreme ultraviolet lasers SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY AB Recent advances in the development of high peak brightness table-top extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray (SRX) lasers have opened new opportunities for the demonstration of compact full-field EUV/SXR microscopes capable of capturing images with short exposures down to a single laser shot. We demonstrate the practical application of table-top zone plate EUV microscopes that can image nanostructures with a spatial resolution of 54 nm and below and exposure times as short as 1.2 ns, the duration of a single laser shot. C1 [Brizuela, F.; Brewer, C.; Fernandez, S.; Martz, D.; Marconi, M.; Rocca, J. J.; Menonil, C. S.] Colorado State Univ, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, D. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, D. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vinogradov, A. V.; Artyukov, I. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Ponomareko, A. G.; Kondratenko, V. V.] Natl Tech Univ KhPI, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brizuela, F (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brizuela@engr.colostate.edu RI Martz, Dale/A-9693-2012; Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 OI Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X; FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF [EEC-0310717]; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation [2845-MO-06] FX This work was supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-0310717, a nd by the Cooperative Gran program of the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation under Award Number 2845-MO-06. We acknowledge Prof. R. Solanki for the diatom samples. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012026 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900026 ER PT S AU Chapman, HN Bajt, S Barty, A Benner, WH Bogan, MJ Boutet, S Cavalleri, A Duesterer, S Frank, M Hajdu, J Hau-Riege, SP Iwan, B Marchesini, S Sakdinawat, A Sokolowski-Tinten, K Seibert, MM Timneanu, N Treusch, R Woods, BW AF Chapman, H. N. Bajt, S. Barty, A. Benner, W. H. Bogan, M. J. Boutet, S. Cavalleri, A. Duesterer, S. Frank, M. Hajdu, J. Hau-Riege, S. P. Iwan, B. Marchesini, S. Sakdinawat, A. Sokolowski-Tinten, K. Seibert, M. M. Timneanu, N. Treusch, R. Woods, B. W. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Coherent Imaging at FLASH SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; HOLOGRAPHY AB We have carried out high-resolution single-pulse coherent diffractive imaging at the FLASH free-electron laser. The intense focused FEL pulse gives a high-resolution low-noise coherent diffraction pattern of an object before that object turns into a plasma and explodes. In particular we are developing imaging of biological specimens beyond conventional radiation damage resolution limits, developing imaging of ultrafast processes, and testing methods to characterize and perform single-particle imaging. C1 [Chapman, H. N.] DESY, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Bajt, S.; Treusch, R.] DESY, HASYLAB, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Barty, A.; Benner, W. H.; Bogan, M. J.; Frank, M.; Hau-Riege, S. P.; Woods, B. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boutet, S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cavalleri, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Hajdu, J.; Iwan, B.; Seibert, M. M.; Timneanu, N.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Mol Biophys Lab, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Marchesini, S.; Sakdinawat, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sokolowski-Tinten, K.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys Expt, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. RP Chapman, HN (reprint author), DESY, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. EM Henry.Chapman@desy.de RI Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012; Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014; OI Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400; Bogan, Michael J./0000-0001-9318-3333; Treusch, Rolf/0000-0001-8479-8862 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012051 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012051 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900051 ER PT S AU Gibson, JM Treacy, MMJ AF Gibson, J. M. Treacy, M. M. J. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Defocus as an ineffective means of changing spot size for fluctuation microscopy SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; DISORDERED MATERIALS AB We examine the use of defocus for changing the effective spot size in fluctuation microscopy. Our conclusions relate to other coherent techniques. While it is possible to increase the illuminated spot size by defocusing, the number of phase oscillations inside the illuminated spot increases. As a result the stationary phase region increases with defocus at a slower rate than the spot size. Therefore, the effective spot size for fluctuation microscopy is not the beam size, and the phase interference is increasingly diluted by incoherent contributions, rendering defocus an ineffective means of changing the spot size for fluctuation microscopy. C1 [Gibson, J. M.; Treacy, M. M. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gibson, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmgibson@aps.anl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR 012053 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012053 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900053 ER PT S AU Kirz, J Jacobsen, C AF Kirz, J. Jacobsen, C. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI The History and Future of X-ray Microscopy SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID ZONE PLATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CHEMICAL CONTRAST; NM; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; SPECIMENS AB We take a somewhat whimsical look at the history of X-ray microscopy, and extrapolate some trends into the future. C1 [Kirz, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirz, J.; Jacobsen, C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kirz, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jkirz@lbl.gov; Chris.Jacobsen@stonybrook.edu RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are very grateful to the organizers of XRM 2008 for a very successful and enjoyable meeting, and acknowledge the generous support of DOE, NSF and NIH for the efforts at Stony Brook. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 104 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012001 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900001 ER PT S AU Miao, H Downing, K Huang, X Kirz, J Marchesini, S Nelson, J Shapiro, D Steinbrener, J Stewart, A Jacobsen, C AF Miao, H. Downing, K. Huang, X. Kirz, J. Marchesini, S. Nelson, J. Shapiro, D. Steinbrener, J. Stewart, A. Jacobsen, C. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Cryo diffraction microscopy: ice conditions and finite supports SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; SPECIMENS AB Cryo specimen conditions greatly alleviate radiation damage in x-ray microscopy. In diffraction microscopy with plane-wave illumination, a finite support constraint is required in order to obtain a reconstructed image, but this demands that there be an area outside the specimen which is free of optical response. We report here observations based on our early attempts in cryo diffraction microscopy, where ice scatter from outside the cell and ice deposition during data taking have been problems. We outline solutions that are being implemented for future experiments. C1 [Miao, H.; Huang, X.; Nelson, J.; Steinbrener, J.; Stewart, A.; Jacobsen, C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kirz, J.; Marchesini, S.; Shapiro, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Downing, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Miao, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM chris.jacobsen@stonybrook.edu RI Huang, Xiaojing/K-3075-2012; Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Nelson Weker, Johanna/J-4159-2015 OI Huang, Xiaojing/0000-0001-6034-5893; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Nelson Weker, Johanna/0000-0001-6856-3203 FU NIH [GM064846-05] FX We wish to thank Eva Nogales at UC Berkeley, and Huilin Li at Brookhaven National Laboratory, for access to their labs and for advice during our early efforts at working with frozen hydrated specimens. We wish to thank the staff at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley for their excellent assistance, and we gratefully acknowledge support from NIH for the application of x-ray diffraction microscopy to cell imaging under grant GM064846-05. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012055 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012055 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900055 ER PT S AU Michette, AG Phanopoulos, C Newell, RJ McFaul, C Pfauntsch, SJ Pans, G Wirick, S AF Michette, A. G. Phanopoulos, C. Newell, R. J. McFaul, C. Pfauntsch, S. J. Pans, G. Wirick, S. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy of Wood Fibre Composites SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH AB Understanding the structural properties of wood fibre composites, widely used in building and other applications, is an important area of research in devising robust new materials for a range of environmental conditions, including those encountered in developing countries. Wood fibre composites are prepared by mixing fibres with prescribed amounts of glue, but exactly where the glue distributes in relation to the fibre components is unclear. Characterisation of the bonding conditions has largely been a matter of trial and error, which is time consuming and imprecise. In soft x-ray spectromicroscopy experiments carried out at the NSLS, a range of wood fibre composites, with different glues and glue loadings, was studied in order to attempt to quantify the relative glue content in different components of the composite. C1 [Michette, A. G.; Newell, R. J.; McFaul, C.; Pfauntsch, S. J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Phanopoulos, C.; Pans, G.] Huntsman Polyurethanes, Everberg 3078, Belgium. [Wirick, S.] NSLN, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Michette, AG (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM alan.michette@kcl.ac.uk NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012091 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012091 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900091 ER PT S AU Ryan, CG Siddons, DP Moorhead, G Kirkham, R De Geronimo, G Etschmann, BE Dragone, A Dunn, PA Kuczewski, A Davey, P Jensen, M Ablett, JM Kuczewski, J Hough, R Patersons, D AF Ryan, C. G. Siddons, D. P. Moorhead, G. Kirkham, R. De Geronimo, G. Etschmann, B. E. Dragone, A. Dunn, P. A. Kuczewski, A. Davey, P. Jensen, M. Ablett, J. M. Kuczewski, J. Hough, R. Patersons, D. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI High-throughput X-ray fluorescence imaging using a massively parallel detector array, integrated scanning and real-time spectral deconvolution SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; PROTON MICROPROBE; EXAFS EXPERIMENTS; PIXE AB A step improvement in X-ray fluorescence imaging performance is demonstrated through close integration of a large detector array, dedicated data acquisition, stage control and real-time parallel data processing, to achieve efficient elemental imaging with <1 ms per pixel, image sizes in excess of 4 megapixels, full-spectral data collection and spectral deconvolution, at detected photon rates up to 6 M/s, in prototype tests at the NSLS using a 96 detector array. C1 [Ryan, C. G.; Etschmann, B. E.; Hough, R.] Monash Univ, CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Siddons, D. P.; Dragone, A.; Kuczewski, A.; Ablett, J. M.; Kuczewski, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Moorhead, G.; Kirkham, R.; Dunn, P. A.; Davey, P.; Jensen, M.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [De Geronimo, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Brookhaven, NY USA. [Patersons, D.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Ryan, C. G.; Moorhead, G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Ryan, C. G.; Etschmann, B. E.] Univ Tasmania, CODES Ctr Excellence, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Ryan, CG (reprint author), Monash Univ, CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. EM Chris.Ryan@csiro.au RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Kirkham, Robin/C-9786-2010; Davey, Peter/D-6746-2012; Dunn, Paul/D-6721-2012; Jensen, Murray/E-8265-2012; Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Etschmann, Barbara/H-7731-2012 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Kirkham, Robin/0000-0003-1012-3496; Jensen, Murray/0000-0002-2247-4421; Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; FU U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge financial support from the Access to Major Research Facilities Programme. Research carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012013 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012013 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900013 ER PT S AU Sandberg, RL Raymondson, DA Schlotter, WF Raines, K La-O-Vorakiat, C Paul, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Miao, JW AF Sandberg, Richard L. Raymondson, Daisy A. Schlotter, William F. Raines, Kevin La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Paul, Ariel Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Miao, Jianwei BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Near diffraction limited coherent diffractive imaging with tabletop soft x-ray sources SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID HOLOGRAPHY AB Tabletop coherent x-ray sources hold great promise for practical nanoscale imaging, in particular when coupled with diffractive imaging techniques. In initial work, we demonstrated lensless diffraction imaging using a tabletop high harmonic generation (HHG) source at 29 nm, achieving resolutions similar to 200 nm. In recent work, we significantly enhanced our diffractive imaging resolution by implementing a new high numerical aperture (up to NA=0.6) scheme and field curvature correction where we achieved sub-100 nm resolution. Here we report the first demonstration of Fourier transform holography (FTH) with a tabletop SXR source, to acquire images with a resolution approximate to 90 nm. The resolution can be refined by applying phase retrieval. Additionally, we show initial results from FTH with 13.5 nm HHG radiation and demonstrate similar to 180 nm resolution. C1 [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Paul, Ariel; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlotter, William F.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Schlotter, William F.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Raines, Kevin; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sandberg, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM richard.sandberg@colorado.edu RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012058 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900058 ER PT S AU Shu, D Maser, J AF Shu, D. Maser, J. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Mechanical design of ultraprecision weak-link stages for nanometer-scale x-ray imaging SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH ID RESOLUTION AB A nanopositioning diagnostic setup has been built to support the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) nanoprobe instrument commissioning process at the APS. Its laser Doppler interferometer system provides subnanometer positioning diagnostic resolution with large dynamic range. A set of original APS designed ultraprecision PZT-driven weak-link stages with high-stiffness motor-driven stages has been tested with this diagnostic setup. In this paper we present a preliminary test result of the ultraprecision weak-link stage system developed for the CNM hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument at APS sector 26. A test result for a novel laminar weak-link mechanism with sub-centimeter travel range and sub-nanometer positioning resolution is also introduced in this paper as a future work. C1 [Shu, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shu@aps.anl.gov RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE- AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank D. Nocher and R. Ranay from Argonne National Laboratory for their help in the development of laminar weak-link me chanisms . This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE- AC02-06CH11357. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012017 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900017 ER PT S AU Watts, B Queen, D Kilcoyne, ALD Tyliszczak, T Hellman, F Ade, H AF Watts, B. Queen, D. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Tyliszczak, T. Hellman, F. Ade, H. BE David, C Nolting, F Quitmann, C Stampanoni, M Pfeiffer, F TI Soft X-Ray Beam Induced Current Technique SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY JUL 21-25, 2008 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP XRADIA, Euro Round Table Synchrotrons Free Electron Lasers, Ctr Imag Sci Tech Zurich, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Paul Scherrer Inst HO ETH AB Direct mapping of the charge transport efficiency of polymer solar cell devices using a soft X-ray beam induced current (SoXBIC) method is described. By fabricating a polymer solar cell on an x-ray transparent substrate, we demonstrate the ability to map polymer composition and nanoscale structure within an operating solar cell device and to simultaneously measure the local charge transport efficiency via the short-circuit current. A simple model is calculated and compared to experimental SoXBIC data of a PFB:F8BT bulk-heterojunction device in order to gain greater insight into the device operation and physics. C1 [Watts, B.; Ade, H.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Queen, D.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Tyliszczak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Watts, B.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Watts, B (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM benjamin.watts@gmail.com RI Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02- 98ER45737, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02- 98ER45737 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 186 AR UNSP 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012023 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BQW79 UT WOS:000282023900023 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Bollen, J De Sompel, HV AF Rodriguez, Marko A. Bollen, Johan De Sompel, Herbert Van TI Automatic Metadata Generation Using Associative Networks SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algorihms; Experimentation; Associative networks; particle-swarms; metadata generation ID CONSTRAINED SPREADING ACTIVATION; INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; SYSTEMS AB In spite of its tremendous value, metadata is generally sparse and incomplete, thereby hampering the effectiveness of digital information services. Many of the existing mechanisms for the automated creation of metadata rely primarily on content analysis which can be costly and inefficient. The automatic metadata generation system proposed in this article leverages resource relationships generated from existing metadata as a medium for propagation from metadata-rich to metadata-poor resources. Because of its independence from content analysis, it can be applied to a wide variety of resource media types and is shown to be computationally inexpensive. The proposed method operates through two distinct phases. Occurrence and cooccurrence algorithms first generate an associative network of repository resources leveraging existing repository metadata. Second, using the associative network as a substrate, metadata associated with metadata-rich resources is propagated to metadata-poor resources by means of a discrete-form spreading activation algorithm. This article discusses the general framework for building associative networks, an algorithm for disseminating metadata through such networks, and the results of an experiment and validation of the proposed method using a standard bibliographic dataset. C1 [Rodriguez, Marko A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marko@lanl.gov OI Van de Sompel, Herbert/0000-0002-0715-6126 FU Research Library at the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This research was financially supported by the Research Library at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1046-8188 EI 1558-2868 J9 ACM T INFORM SYST JI ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 AR 7 DI 10.1145/1462198.1462199 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 426BM UT WOS:000264682400001 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZJ Tang, YL Whitten, DG Achyuthan, KE AF Zhou, Zhijun Tang, Yanli Whitten, David G. Achyuthan, Komandoor E. TI New High-Throughput Screening Protease Assay Based upon Supramolecular Self-assembly SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE DEVD tetrapeptide; cyanine; Caspase-3; Caspase-7; supramolecular; self-assembly; protease assay; high-throughput screening ID CYANINE DYES; CASPASES; APOPTOSIS; CELLS AB We previously demonstrated that the supramolecular self-assembly of cyanines could be useful for developing fluorescent enzymatic assays. We took that concept a step further by synthesizing a covalent adduct of the tetrapeptide Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) and a cyanine (DEVD-cyanine). The DEVD-cyanine due to its canonical sequence was recognized and hydrolyzed by the proteases, Caspase-3 and -7 in 96- or 384-microwell plate reactions. The catalytically liberated cyanine self-assembled upon scaffolds of carboxymethylamylose (CMA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or a mixture of CMA and CIVIC resulting in a J aggregate exhibiting bright fluorescence at a 470 nm emission wavelength (optimum signal/background using excitation wavelengths of 415-440 nm). The fluorescence intensity increased with enzyme and substrate concentrations or reaction time and exhibited classical saturation profiles of a rectangular hyperbola. Saturation of the reaction was at 30 U/mL (1 mu g/L) Caspase-3 and 250 mu M DEVD-cyanine. The reaction kinetics was linear between 1 and 20 min and saturated at 60 min. The affinity constant (Km) for DEVD-cyanine was similar to 23, mu M, similar to those of previously reported values for other DEVD substrates of Caspase-3. Maximal fluorescence emission was observed by using a mixture of CMA and CMC scaffolds at 65 and 35 mu M, respectively. The reaction kinetics of Caspase-7 executed in a 384-well plate was similar to the reaction kinetics of Caspase-3 conducted in a 96-well plate. We believe that this is the first demonstration of a cyanine liberated from a covalent adduct due to protease action, leading to supramolecular self-assembly and the detection of protease activity. C1 [Zhou, Zhijun; Tang, Yanli; Whitten, David G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Achyuthan, Komandoor E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Whitten, DG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM whitten@langmuir.acs.org; kachyut@sandia.gov RI Tang, Yanli/F-9636-2015 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO) [AA07CBT008] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. K.E.A. thanks the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO; Contract AA07CBT008) for funding these investigations. The authors thank Dr. Satendra Chauhan, Director, Bachem BioScience, for valuable discussions regarding the covalent coupling of the DEVD tetrapeptide to cyanine. We acknowledge The University of New Mexico Mass Spectrometry facility for carrying out the mass spectrometry analyses described in this paper. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1021/am800091h PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 463HE UT WOS:000267421200024 PM 20355768 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Garcia-Mateo, C Santofimia, MJ Miller, MK de Andres, CG AF Caballero, F. G. Garcia-Mateo, C. Santofimia, M. J. Miller, M. K. Garcia de Andres, C. TI New experimental evidence on the incomplete transformation phenomenon in steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Phase transformations; Bainitic steels; X-ray diffraction (XRD); Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) ID BAINITE TRANSFORMATION; SILICON STEEL; PRECIPITATION; AUSTENITE; FERRITE AB In this work, the carbon distribution in austenite during isothermal bainite formation and the incomplete reaction phenomenon was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and atom-probe tomography in high-silicon, manganese-alloyed steels. The results provide new evidence on the temporary cessation of bainitic ferrite formation at abnormally low transformation temperatures. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.; Garcia de Andres, C.] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Mat Res Grp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Santofimia, M. J.] Mat Innovat Inst, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Santofimia, M. J.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Mat Res Grp, Avda Gregorio Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM fgc@cenim.csic.es RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Santofimia, Maria Jesus/C-3979-2013; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Santofimia, Maria Jesus/0000-0002-1628-7611; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Plan Nacional de [PTR95-0995, MAT2007-63873]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge the support of Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Plan Nacional de 1+D+1 (2004-2007), funding this research under the contracts PTR95-0995 and MAT2007-63873. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.041 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 412AJ UT WOS:000263695300002 ER PT J AU Gschneidner, KA AF Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI The magnetocaloric effect, magnetic refrigeration and ductile intermetallic compounds SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE Rare earth alloys; Crystal structure; Magnetic properties; Phase transformations; Mechanical properties ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; YAG; GD-5(SI2GE2); BEHAVIOR; SILICON; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is the ability of a magnetic material. particularly near its Curie temperature,. to heat LIP when a magnetic field is applied (magnetization) and to cool when the field is removed (demagnetization). A number of new materials, especially Gd(5)(Si(4-x)Ge(x)), have outstanding MCE properties near room temperature, significantly better than the well-known standard, Gd metal. The giant MCE effect observed in the Gd(5)(Si(4-x)Ge(x)) alloys for x >= 2 is due to a coupled magnetostructural transformation. The coupled transformation also accounts for several other interesting phenomena: giant magnetoresistance; colossal magnetostriction, spontaneous generation of voltage; unusual training, dynamical and thermal phenomena; acoustic emissions; and a novel glass-like kinetically retarded state. Extension of the work on the MCE has led to the near commercialization of magnetic refrigeration as a viable cooling technology, and to the discovery of ductile rare earth transition metal (RM) B2 CsCl-type intermetallic compounds. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.048 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 412AJ UT WOS:000263695300003 ER PT J AU Wollmershauser, JA Kabra, S Agnew, SR AF Wollmershauser, J. A. Kabra, S. Agnew, S. R. TI In situ neutron diffraction study of the plastic deformation mechanisms of B2 ordered intermetallic alloys: NiAl, CuZn, and CeAg SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Rare earth; Dislocation; Twinning; Neutron diffraction; Residual stress ID BRASS SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN; DUCTILITY; TEXTURE; DISLOCATIONS; BEHAVIOR; YAG; COMPOSITES; EVOLUTION; MAGNESIUM AB The internal stress developments of B2 compounds NiAl, CuZn, and CeAg Lire examined using in situ neutron diffraction. CeAg is a representative of a newly discovered class Of fully ordered and ductile B2 compounds. Using polycrystal plasticity modeling to interpret the results, it is revealed that the internal stress evolution of CeAg is nearly identical to that of NiAl, indicating that they share a common primary mechanism of plastic deformation. i.e., < 100 > {011} "cube" slip. This result reinforces the dilemma previously observed for rare-earth alloys CuY, AgY, and CuDy, since cube slip provides insufficient independent slip systems to accommodate large-scale homogenous polycrystalline deformation. There is no evidence in the diffraction data of either mechanical twinning or stress-induced phase transformation. The activity of bcc-type < 111 > {1 (1) over bar1} slip at high stresses is confirmed and a lower bound for the critical resolved shear stress is quantified. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wollmershauser, J. A.; Agnew, S. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kabra, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 400745,116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM sra4p@virginia.edu RI Kabra, Saurabh/M-3888-2014 OI Kabra, Saurabh/0000-0002-8080-6287 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0547981] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through a CAREER Grant DMR-0547981. The authors thank Drs. Donald Brown and Bjorn Clausen (Los Alamos National Laboratory) for helping with neutron diffraction experimental design and data analysis. We are also grateful to Dr. Joachim Schneibel and Mr. Cecil A. Carmichael, Jr. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for providing the NiAl are-casting used in this work. Finally, the insightful comments of the anonymous peer-reviewer helped to sharpen the arguments presented. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.066 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 412AJ UT WOS:000263695300023 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, D Cerreta, EK McCabe, R Niewczas, M Gray, GT Misra, A Tome, CN AF Bhattacharyya, D. Cerreta, E. K. McCabe, R. Niewczas, M. Gray, G. T., III Misra, A. Tome, C. N. TI Origin of dislocations within tensile and compressive twins in pure textured Zr SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Zr; Dislocations; Twins; Texture; Deformation ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION; DEFORMATION TWINS; CONSTITUTIVE LAW; STRAIN-RATE; ZIRCONIUM; TEMPERATURE; SLIP; HAFNIUM; METALS AB Dislocations and twins play an important role in the plastic deformation and hardening response of Zr. At 77 K, rolled Zr deforms by {11 (2) over bar2)(11 (2) over bar(3) over bar) compressive twins and {10 (1) over bar2} (10 (1) over bar(1) over bar) tensile twins, depending upon the orientation of the compressive axis with respect to the basal pole texture of the specimen. Here, for the first time, detailed transmission electron microscopy characterization of dislocations within the twins themselves - with an emphasis oil the question of their origin - has been performed for pure Zr samples compressed to similar to 4% at 77 K. The possible transformation of matrix dislocations by twin-associated reorientation was considered and tested using dislocation transformation matrices. This analysis shows that, while the above-mentioned mechanism generates sessile c-and a-type dislocations inside twins, a large number of dislocations inside the twins are glissile a-type and are generated after the twin has formed. The type and proportion of these dislocations vary, depending oil the type of twin. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Bhattacharyya, D.; Cerreta, E. K.; McCabe, R.; Niewczas, M.; Gray, G. T., III; Misra, A.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Box K-771,Eniwetok Rd,MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dhriti@lani.gov RI Zhang, Jing/B-1421-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences through BES Project [FWP 06SCOE401] FX The authors thank M. Lovato for performing the mechanical deformation experiments. This work has been performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences through BES Project FWP 06SCOE401. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.014 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398MS UT WOS:000262736800001 ER PT J AU Alinger, MJ Odette, GR Hoelzer, DT AF Alinger, M. J. Odette, G. R. Hoelzer, D. T. TI On the role of alloy composition and processing parameters in nanocluster formation and dispersion strengthening in nanostuctured ferritic alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Mechanical alloying; Small angle neutron scattering; Ferritic steel; Oxide dispersion strengthening; Fission and fusion reactor alloys ID FBR CORE APPLICATION; MARTENSITIC STEELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDE PARTICLES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ODS PARTICLES; STABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CREEP AB An extensive experimental study characterizing the sequence of events that lead to the formation of a very high density of Y-Ti-C solute nanoclusters (NC) in mechanically alloyed, hot isostatically pressed ferritic stainless steels is reported. Yttria dissolves in the Fe-14Cr-3W(0.4Ti) powders during mechanical alloying. The dissolved Y and O, and when present Ti, Subsequently precipitate during hot consolidation. The number densities and volume fractions of the NC decrease, and their radii increase, with increasing consolidation temperature. The NC form at 850 and 1000 degrees C in milled alloys containing Y, both with and without Ti additions. The presence of T. refines the NC, and both Ti and high milling energy are necessary for the formation of NC at the highest consolidation temperatures of 1150 degrees C. However, the precise structure and composition of the NC are not well understood. Indeed, their character varies, depending. on the alloy composition and processing variables. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alinger, M. J.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Odette, G. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hoelzer, D. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alinger, MJ (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle,MB277, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM alinger@ge.com RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; US Department of Commerce; Division of Materials Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-FG03-94ER54275]; I-NERI DOE Office of Nuclear Energy through a subcontract with ORNL [400014112] FX The research carried out was built on the pioneering contributions of J. Fisher (INCO), the inventor of MA NFA, as well as that of both Dr. M. Hamilton (PNNL) and her co-workers in the US Breeder Reactor Materials Program and Professor S. Ukai (currently at Hokkaido University) and his collaborators in Japan. The authors gratefully acknowledge Doug Klingensmith (UCSB) for his contributions to the SANS measurements, Professor Brian Wirth (UC Berkeley) for his help in analysis of the SANS data and both Dr. Mike Miller and Kaye Russell for their guidance the APT studies. We acknowledge the upport of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, Center for Neutron Research in providing the SANS facilities used in this work. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Center was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE), under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The overall research effort at UCSB was supported by DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science (Grant DE-FG03-94ER54275) and the I-NERI DOE Office of Nuclear Energy through a subcontract with ORNL (Grant 400014112). NR 51 TC 192 Z9 202 U1 16 U2 126 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.025 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398MS UT WOS:000262736800010 ER PT J AU Tang, ZZ Liu, SJ Singh, RK Bandyopadhyay, S Sus, I Kotani, T van Schilfgaarde, M Newman, N AF Tang, Z. Z. Liu, S. J. Singh, R. K. Bandyopadhyay, S. Sus, I. Kotani, T. van Schilfgaarde, M. Newman, N. TI Growth and characterization of epitaxial Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) (100) thin films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3); Pulsed laser deposition; Optical/electrical properties; Ab initio electron theory ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC LOSS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE; NIOBATE FILMS; CERAMICS; EVAPORATION; QUALITY AB We have synthesized and characterized epitaxial and stoichiometric Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) (100) dielectric thin films grown on MgO (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Advanced electronic structure calculations were used to guide the interpretation of the experimental data. Zn-enriched targets and high oxygen pressures were used to compensate for Zn loss during film growth. The Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) films had an indirect optical hand gap of similar to 3.0 eV and a refractive index or 1.91 in the visible spectral range. Zn-Ta B-site ordering was not observed in the Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) thin film X-ray diffraction data. A dielectric constant of 25 and dissipation factor of 0.0025 at 100 kHz were measured using the interdigital capacitor method. The Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) films exhibited a small thermally activated ohmic leakage current at high fields (<250 kV cm(-1)) and high temperatures (<200 degrees C) with an activation energy of 0.85 eV. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Z. Z.; Liu, S. J.; Singh, R. K.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Sus, I.; Kotani, T.; van Schilfgaarde, M.; Newman, N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Liu, S. J.] Harbin Inst Technol, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Sus, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Newman, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Nathan.Newman@asu.edu RI Newman, Nathan/E-1466-2011; kotani, takao/G-4355-2011 OI Newman, Nathan/0000-0003-2819-9616; kotani, takao/0000-0003-1693-7052 FU Army Research Office [W91INF-04-1-0376, W911NF-08-1-0473] FX This project is funded by the Army Research Office under contracts W91INF-04-1-0376 and W911NF-08-1-0473. The use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science (LE-CSSS) at Arizona State University is acknowledged. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.038 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398MS UT WOS:000262736800013 ER PT J AU Shim, S Bei, H Miller, MK Pharr, GM George, EP AF Shim, S. Bei, H. Miller, M. K. Pharr, G. M. George, E. P. TI Effects of focused ion beam milling on the compressive behavior of directionally solidified micropillars and the nanoindentation response of an electropolished surface SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanoindentation; Compression test; Yield phenomena; Plastic deformation; Focused ion beam (FIB) damage ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; SCALE; STRENGTH; PILLARS; DEFORMATION AB Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is the typical method Used to fabricate micropillars to Study small-scale plasticity and size effects in uniaxial compression. However, FIB milling can introduce defects into the milled pillars. To investigate the effects of FIB damage on mechanical behavior, we tested Mo-alloy micropillars that were FIB milled following directional solidification, and compared their compressive response to pillars that were not FIB milled. We also FIB milled at glancing incidence a Mo-alloy single-crystal surface, and compared its nanoindentation response to an electropolished surface of the same crystal. Implications for the interpretation of data obtained from FIB-milled micropillars are discussed. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bei, H.; Miller, M. K.; Pharr, G. M.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pharr, G. M.; George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shim, S.] Res Inst Ind Sci & Technol, Offshore & Machinery Res Dept, Gyunggi 445813, South Korea. RP Bei, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Beih@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU US Department of Energy FX This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy: the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program (S.S.); Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (H.B. and E.P.G.); and the SHaRE User Facility, Division of Scientific User Facilities (M.K.M. and G.M.P.). NR 44 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.033 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398MS UT WOS:000262736800020 ER PT J AU Pantea, C Mihut, I Ledbetter, H Betts, JB Zhao, Y Daemen, LL Cynn, H Migliori, A AF Pantea, C. Mihut, I. Ledbetter, H. Betts, J. B. Zhao, Y. Daemen, L. L. Cynn, H. Migliori, A. TI Bulk modulus of osmium, 4-300 K SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Bulk modulus; Acoustic methods; Transition metals; Acoustic properties ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-METALS; DEBYE TEMPERATURE; ELEMENTS; SYSTEM; HARD AB We determined osmium's 0-300 K monocrystal and polycrystal bulk modulus using two ultrasonic methods: resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and a novel pulse-echo method. All other recent bulk modulus measurements on osmium have used high-pressure X-ray diffraction, a method with known lower accuracy than ultrasonic methods. Our study was motivated by current theoretical and measurement disputes over osmium's bulk modulus and whether it exceeds that of diamond. At all temperatures, we found osmium's bulk modulus to be much lower (by 7-8%) than diamond's. The room-temperature bulk modulus for osmium is 405 GPa; extrapolatior to 0 K gives 410 GPa. Osmium's 0-300 K bulk modulus change is unusually small: about 1%. Temperature behavior is smooth, fitting closely to an Einstein-oscillator model. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Pantea, C.; Mihut, I.; Betts, J. B.; Zhao, Y.; Daemen, L. L.; Migliori, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ledbetter, H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cynn, H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pantea, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Pantea@lanl.gov RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Stroe, Izabela/B-3790-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 49 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.034 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398MS UT WOS:000262736800024 ER PT J AU Mito, T Otani, M Nakamura, M Koyama, T Wada, S Kotegawa, H Kobayashi, TC Idzikowski, B Reiffers, M Sarrao, JL AF Mito, T. Otani, M. Nakamura, M. Koyama, T. Wada, S. Kotegawa, H. Kobayashi, T. C. Idzikowski, B. Reiffers, M. Sarrao, J. L. TI Pressure Effect on Yb-Based Strongly Correlated Electron Systems SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER VALENCE TRANSITION; HEAVY-FERMION BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSITION; RESISTIVITY; YBINCU4; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTAL; YBCU5 AB We studied pressure effects on YbCu(5) and YbInCu(4), good examples of the Yb-based compounds to investigate the nonmagnetic-magnetic transition in Yb-based strongly correlated electron systems. With increasing pressure, the low-temperature Fermi liquid state of YbCu(5) is gradually suppressed, suggesting the second-order like nonmagnetic-magnetic transition around the pressure of 5-6 GPa. On the other hand, in YbInCu(4) which has a pressure-induced magnetic ordered ground state above P(C) = 2.45 GPa, both high-temperature paramagnetic and low-temperature intermediate valence phases are insensitive to pressure. Our results confirm the first-order nature of the transition between the intermediate valence and magnetic ordered phases with pressure. C1 [Mito, T.; Otani, M.; Nakamura, M.; Koyama, T.; Wada, S.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Kotegawa, H.; Kobayashi, T. C.] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Idzikowski, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, PL-60179 Poznan, Poland. [Reiffers, M.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI KOBAYASHI, Tatsuo/B-1527-2011 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [19540368] FX This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19540368) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 115 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 412XQ UT WOS:000263757900007 ER PT J AU Zdeborova, L AF Zdeborova, Lenka TI STATISTICAL PHYSICS OF HARD OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SO ACTA PHYSICA SLOVACA LA English DT Review DE Constraint satisfaction problems; Random graphs coloring problem; Average computational complexity; Cavity method; Spin glasses; Replica symmetry breaking; Clustering of solutions; Belief propagation; Satisfiability threshold; Reconstruction on trees ID CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEMS; SPIN-GLASS MODELS; RANDOM SATISFIABILITY PROBLEMS; RANDOM ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; RANDOM-ENERGY MODEL; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; RANDOM K-SAT; PHASE-TRANSITION; BETHE LATTICE; RANDOM GRAPHS AB Optimization is fundamental in many areas of science, from computer science and information theory to engineering and statistical physics, as well as to biology or social sciences. It typically involves a large number of variables and a cost function depending on these variables. Optimization problems in the non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-complete class are particularly difficult, it is believed that the number of operations required to minimize the cost function is in the most difficult cases exponential in the system size. However, even in an NP-complete problem the practically arising instances might, in fact, be easy to solve. The principal question we address in this article is: How to recognize if an NP-complete constraint satisfaction problem is typically hard and what are the main reasons for this? We adopt approaches from the statistical physics of disordered systems, in particular the cavity method developed originally to describe glassy systems. We describe new properties of the space of solutions in two of the most studied constraint satisfaction problems - random satisfiability and random graph coloring. We suggest a relation between the existence of the so-called frozen variables and the algorithmic hardness of a problem. Based on these insights, we introduce a new class of problems which we named "locked" constraint satisfaction, where the statistical description is easily solvable, but from the algorithmic point of view they are even more challenging than the canonical satisfiability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div & Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zdeborova, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div & Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lenka.zdeborova@gmail.com RI Zdeborova, Lenka/B-9999-2014 NR 183 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 842 28 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0323-0465 EI 1336-040X J9 ACTA PHYS SLOVACA JI Acta Phys. Slovaca PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 169 EP 303 DI 10.2478/v10155-010-0096-6 PG 135 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 482TK UT WOS:000268911400001 ER PT S AU Botiz, I Darling, SB AF Botiz, Ioan Darling, Seth B. BE Lendlein, A Shastri, VP Gall, K TI Rational Design of Nanostructured Hybrid Materials for Photovoltaics SO ACTIVE POLYMERS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Active Polymers held at the 2009 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 14-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; CHARGE SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; DONOR; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE; ELECTRON; NETWORK AB To develop efficient organic and/or hybrid organic-inorganic solar energy devices, it is necessary to use, among other components, an active donor-acceptor layer with highly ordered nanoscale morphology. In an idealized morphology, the effectiveness of internal processes is optimized leading to an efficient conversion of photons to electricity. Using a poly(3-hexylthiopliene)-block-poly(L-lactide) rod-coil block copolymer as a structure-directing agent, we have rationally designed and developed an ordered nanoscale morphology consisting of self-assembled poly(3-hexylthiophene) donor domains of molecular dimension, each of them separated by fullerene C(60) hydroxide acceptor domains. Using this morphological control, one can begin to probe structure-property relationships with unprecedented detail with the ultimate goal of maximizing the performance of future organic/hybrid photovoltaic devices. C1 [Botiz, Ioan; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Botiz, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Botiz, Ioan/I-3209-2012 OI Botiz, Ioan/0000-0002-8555-1084 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-163-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1190 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BMY05 UT WOS:000273861200030 ER PT B AU Izaurralde, RC AF Izaurralde, Roberto Cesar BE Pond, WG Nichols, BL Brown, DL TI Global Climate Change and Agriculture SO ADEQUATE FOOD FOR ALL: CULTURE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRESENT TECHNOLOGY; FARMER SCENARIO; ENRICHMENT FACE; CROP RESPONSE; CO2; YIELD; WHEAT; SEQUESTRATION; SIMULATIONS AB The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released in 2007 significantly increased our confidence about the role that humans play in forcing climate change. There is now a high degree of confidence that the (1) current atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) far exceed those of the preindustrial era; (2) global increases in CO2 arise mainly from fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of CH4 and N2O originate primarily from agricultural activities; and (3) net effect of human activities since 1750 has led to a warming of the lower layers of the atmosphere, with an increased radiative forcing of 1.6 W m(-2). Depending on the scenario of human population growth and global development, mean global temperatures could rise between 1.8 and 4.0 degrees C by the end of the twenty-first century. The agricultural sector is likely to be significantly affected by regional changes in temperature and precipitation. Overall changes in crop productivity and global food production could be positive in the lower range of temperature rise but negative if the upper range of temperature increases were to occur. While crops may benefit from the so-called CO2 fertilization effect, yield losses may be expected if crops were to operate under high temperature, drought, and other environmental stressors such as rising tropospheric ozone (O-3) concentrations. One challenge will be to develop cultivars and production systems that are adapted to the changing climatic conditions expected to prevail during this century and productive enough to satisfy the dietary needs of increasing populations. There will also be other challenges and opportunities for the development and application of agricultural technologies capable of (1) mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and (2) producing bioenergy crops in a sustainable manner. C1 [Izaurralde, Roberto Cesar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, Roberto Cesar] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Izaurralde, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7754-4; 978-1-4200-7753-7 PY 2009 BP 249 EP 262 D2 10.1201/9781420077544 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC2TS UT WOS:000351311500018 ER PT S AU Gai, W AF Gai, Wei BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Advanced Accelerating Structures and Their Interaction with Electron Beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Advanced structures; beams; wakefield AB In this paper, we give a brief description of several advanced accelerating structures, such as dielectric loaded waveguides, photonic band gap, metamaterials and improved iris-loaded cavities. We describe wakefields generated by passing high current electron beams through these structures, and applications of wakefields to advanced accelerator schemes. One of the keys to success for high gradient wakefield acceleration is to develop high current drive beam sources. As an example, the, high current RF photo injector at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator, passed a similar to 80 nC electron beam through a high gradient dielectric loaded structure to achieve a 100 MV/m gradient. We will summarize recent related experiments on beam-structure interactions and also discuss high current electron beam generation and propagation and their applications to wakefield acceleration. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500001 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Cormier-Michel, E Esarey, E Nakamura, K Plateau, GR Schroeder, CB Toth, C Bruhwiler, DL Cary, JR Leemans, WP AF Geddes, C. G. R. Cormier-Michel, E. Esarey, E. Nakamura, K. Plateau, G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, Cs. Bruhwiler, D. L. Cary, J. R. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Plasma gradient controlled injection and postacceleration of high quality electron bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Laser Wakefield Acceleration; Plasma Gradient Controlled Injection; Particle in Cell Simulation ID COLLIDING LASER-PULSES; ACCELERATOR; BEAMS; CHANNEL AB Plasma density gradient control of wake phase velocity and trapping threshold in a laser wakefield accelerator produced electron bunches with absolute longitudinal and transverse momentum spreads more than ten times lower than in previous experiments (0.17 and 0.02 MeV/c FWHM, respectively) and with central momenta of 0.76 +/- 0.02 MeV/c, stable over a week of operation. Simulations validated against diagnostics show that use of such bunches as a wakefield accelerator injector can produce stable beams with 02 MeV/c-class momentum spread at high energies. Preservation of bunch momentum spread requires high simulation momentum accuracy, and related self-trapped simulations showed that high order particle weight effectively suppresses simulation momentum errors allowing design of low emittance stages. C1 [Geddes, C. G. R.; Cormier-Michel, E.; Esarey, E.; Nakamura, K.; Plateau, G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, Cs.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bruhwiler, D. L.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Leemans, W. P.] U Neveda, Berkeley, CA USA. [Esarey, E.] U Nevada, Reno, NV USA. [Cary, J. R.] U Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. [Plateau, G. R.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH 11231, DE-FCO2-07ER4I499, DE-FG02-06ER84484, DE-F003-95ER40926, DE-FG02- 01ER41178, DE-F002-03ER83857]; DOE SciDAC; NERSC; ATLAS programs; NSF [0113907, 0614001] FX Work supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy contracts DE-ACO2-05CH 11231, DE-FCO2-07ER4I499, DE-FG02-06ER84484, DE-F003-95ER40926, DE-FG02- 01ER41178, DE-F002-03ER83857, DOE SciDAC, NERSC, and ATLAS programs, NSF 0113907 and 0614001, and DARPA. We appreciate the contributions of J. van Tilborg, D. Panasenko, K. Paul, P. Mullowney, P. Messmer, V. Leurent, S.A. Gaillard, RIGHTS INK4d. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 12 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500002 ER PT S AU Bruhwiler, DL Cary, JR Cowan, BM Paul, K Geddes, CGR Mullowney, PJ Messmer, P Esarey, E Cormier-Michel, E Leemans, W Vay, JL AF Bruhwiler, David L. Cary, John R. Cowan, Benjamin M. Paul, Kevin Geddes, Cameron G. R. Mullowney, Paul J. Messmer, Peter Esarey, Eric Cormier-Michel, Estelle Leemans, Wim Vay, Jean-Luc BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI New Developments in the Simulation of Advanced Accelerator Concepts SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser plasma acceleration; photocathode electron source; particle-in-cell ID WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS AB Improved computational methods are essential to the diverse and rapidly developing field of advanced accelerator concepts. We present an overview of some computational algorithms for laser-plasma concepts and high-brightness photocathode electron sources. In particular, we discuss algorithms for reduced laser-plasma models that can be orders of magnitude faster than their higher-fidelity counterparts, as well as important on-going efforts to include relevant additional physics that has been previously neglected. As an example of the former, we present 2D laser wakefield accelerator simulations in an optimal Lorentz frame, demonstrating >10 GeV energy gain of externally injected electrons over a 2 in interaction length, showing good agreement with predictions from scaled simulations and theory, with a speedup factor of similar to 2,000 as compared to standard particle-in-cell. C1 [Bruhwiler, David L.; Cary, John R.; Cowan, Benjamin M.; Paul, Kevin; Mullowney, Paul J.; Messmer, Peter] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Esarey, Eric; Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Leemans, Wim; Vay, Jean-Luc] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bruhwiler, DL (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DEFG02-07ER84834, DE-FC02-07ER41499]; Tech-X Corporation FX The authors received useful input from many members of the AAC community, and we acknowledge the on-going efforts and contributions of the VORPAL development team. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231, DEFG02- 07ER84834 and DE-FC02-07ER41499 and by Tech-X Corporation. The computational resources of NERSC were used. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 29 EP + PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500004 ER PT S AU Cowan, BM Byer, RL Colby, E England, RJ McGuiness, C Noble, RJ Plettner, T Sears, CMS Siemann, RH Spencer, JE AF Cowan, B. M. Byer, R. L. Colby, E. England, R. J. McGuiness, C. Noble, R. J. Plettner, T. Sears, C. M. S. Siemann, R. H. Spencer, J. E. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Optical Accelerator Structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley AB Dielectric accelerator structures operating at optical frequencies have the potential to attain order-of-magnitude improvement in accelerating gradient over conventional RF structures due to high damage thresholds. Phase-matching the electromagnetic fields to a relativistic particle beam, along with manufacturing constraints at optical lengthscales, requires novel structure geometries. We discuss recent and ongoing developments in optical structure design. The concept of photonic crystal confinement is presented, and we describe theoretical and experimental work on both three-dimensional and fiber structures. We also discuss side-pumped grating geometries. In addition, we present a mechanism for confining a particle beam transversely in micron-scale structures. C1 [Cowan, B. M.] Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [England, R. J.; McGuiness, C.; Noble, R. J.; Siemann, R. H.; Spencer, J. E.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Sears, C. M. S.] MaxPlanckInst, Garching, Germany. [Byer, R. L.; Plettner, T.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA USA. RP Cowan, BM (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-76SF00515, DE-FG06-97ER41276]; Optical Accelerator Structures 63 RIGHTS L I N - Ise Tech-X Corporation FX The authors would like to thank A. Chao, C. Ng, S. Fan, A. Wachsmann. M. Tang, and D. Sintanovskii for their assistance. Work supported by Department of Energy contracts DE-ACO2-76SF00515 (SLAC) and DE-FG06-97ER41276 (LEAP) and by Optical Accelerator Structures 63 RIGHTS L I N - Ise Tech-X Corporation. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 56 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500007 ER PT S AU Krushelnick, K Kaganovich, D Gonsalves, A AF Krushelnick, Karl Kaganovich, Dmitri Gonsalves, Anthony BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Summary of Working Group 1: Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser produced plasma; electron acceleration ID MONOENERGETIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; PULSES; DRIVEN; GENERATION AB There have been many significant experimental and theoretical advances recently with regard to the production of relativistic electron beams using laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) driven by high Power short pulse lasers. In particular, there has been an explosion of interest in this field following the discovery of methods to generate such beams with low energy spread. In recent work by many groups around the world the energy and quality of these beams has been improved and a more complete understanding of the "bubble" regime of electron acceleration has been obtained, enabling a significant improvement in the output electron beam stability. The 2008 Advanced Accelerator Concepts workshop in Santa Cruz CA brought together the leading groups engaged in this research from around the world. This paper will summarize the major results presented at the conference. Further details on the work described here can be found in the other related papers in these proceedings. C1 [Krushelnick, Karl] Univ Michigan, CUOS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kaganovich, Dmitri] Beam Phys Branch, US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Gonsalves, Anthony] LOASIS Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Krushelnick, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CUOS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 67 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500008 ER PT S AU Stoltz, PH Tsung, FS AF Stoltz, P. H. Tsung, F. S. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Summary Report of Working Group 2: Computation SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE computational accelerator physics; advanced accelerator concepts; simulation; computation AB The working group on computation addressed three physics areas: (i) plasma-based accelerators (laser-driven and beam-driven), (ii) high gradient structure-based accelerators, and (iii) electron beam sources and transport [1]. Highlights of the talks in these areas included new models of breakdown on the microscopic scale, new three-dimensional multipacting calculations with both finite difference and finite element codes, and detailed comparisons of new electron gun models with standard models such as PARMELA. The group also addressed two areas of advances in computation: (i) new algorithms, including simulation in a Lorentz-boosted frame that can reduce computation time orders of magnitude, and (ii) new hardware architectures, like graphics processing units and Cell processors that promise dramatic increases in computing power. Highlights of the talks in these areas included results from the first large-scale parallel finite element particle-in-cell code (PIC), many order-of-magnitude speedup of, and details of porting the VPIC code to the Roadrunner supercomputer. The working group featured two plenary talks, one by Brian Albright of Los Alamos National Laboratory on the performance of the VPIC code on the Roadrunner supercomputer, and one by David Bruhwiler of Tech-X Corporation on recent advances in computation for advanced accelerators. Highlights of the talk by Albright included the first one trillion particle simulations, a sustained performance of 0.3 petaflops, and an eight times speedup of science calculations, including back-scatter in laser-plasma interaction. Highlights of the talk by Bruhwiler included simulations of 10 GeV accelerator laser wakefield stages including external injection, new developments in electromagnetic simulations of electron guns using finite difference and finite element approaches. C1 [Stoltz, P. H.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Tsung, F. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Stoltz, PH (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 76 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500009 ER PT S AU Yakovlev, V Smirnova, EI AF Yakovlev, V. Smirnova, E. I. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Summary Report for Working Group on High Gradient & EM Structure Based Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE RF power; acceleration gradient; RF source; accelerating AB This is the summary of presentations and discussions of the High Gradient and EM Structure Based Accelerators Working Group at the 2008 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. The working group mission statement and charge are described and presentations on different topics are summarized. The topics include investigations of high gradient limitations (experimental and theoretical), new ideas and achievements in development of acceleration structures, rf sources, components, materials for accelerator applications, and others. C1 [Yakovlev, V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Smirnova, E. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yakovlev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 FU US Department of Energy FX The authors would express our appreciation to the colleagues who organized this workshop and to all the contributors to the Working Group on High Gradient & EM Structure Based Accelerators. The joint work made the workshop interesting and effective. Support for this work was provided by the US Department of Energy NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 86 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500010 ER PT S AU Hogan, MJ Conde, ME AF Hogan, Mark J. Conde, Manoel E. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Summary Report of Working Group 5: Electron Beam Driven Plasma Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE plasma; electron; positron; accelerator AB Electron beam driven plasma accelerators have seen rapid progress over the last decade. Recent efforts have built on this success by constructing a concept for a plasma wakefield accelerator based linear collider. The needs for any future collider to deliver both energy and luminosity have substantial implications for interpreting current experiments and setting priorities for the future. This working group reviewed current experiments and ideas in the context of the demands of a future collider. The many discussions and presentations are summarized here. C1 [Hogan, Mark J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Adv Accelerator Res Dept, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Conde, Manoel E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hogan, MJ (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Adv Accelerator Res Dept, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU USDOE FX I would like to thank the many people who gave presentations in the Electron Beam Driven Plasma Accelerators Working Group for their efforts that helped make for a stimulating and productive week. Thanks to my friend and colleague Patric Muggli for his help preparing the working group summary presentation. I would also like to thank Pter Stolz, Frank Tswig, Daniel Gordon and John Power for their help arranging joint sessions. Work supported by the USDOE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 101 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500012 ER PT S AU Gordon, DF Power, JG AF Gordon, D. F. Power, J. G. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Summary Report on Beam & Radiation Generation, Monitoring & Control SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE photoinjector; space charge; beam diagnostics; pulse train AB The discussions of the working group on beam and radiation generation, monitoring, and control (working group 6) at the 2008 advanced accelerator concepts workshop are summarized. The discussions concerned electron injectors, phase space manipulation, beam diagnostics, pulse train generation, intense beam physics, and radiation generation. C1 [Gordon, D. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60549 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 111 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500013 ER PT S AU Nakamura, K Gonsalves, AJ Panasenko, D Lin, C Toth, C Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Nakamura, K. Gonsalves, A. J. Panasenko, D. Lin, C. Toth, Cs. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Analysis of Capillary Guided Laser Plasma Accelerator Experiments at LBNL SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB Laser wakefield acceleration experiments were carried out by using a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide. For a 15 mm long, 200 mu m diameter capillary, quasi-monoenergetic e-beams up to 300 MeV were observed. By de-tuning discharge delay from optimum guiding performance, self-trapping was found to be stabilized. For a 33 mm long, 300 pm capillary, a parameter regime with high energy electron beams, up to 1 GeV, was found. In this regime, the electron beam peak energy was correlated with the amount of trapped electrons. C1 [Nakamura, K.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Panasenko, D.; Lin, C.; Toth, Cs.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500018 ER PT S AU Pollock, BB Davis, P Divol, L Glenzer, SH Palastro, JP Price, D Tynan, GR Froula, DH AF Pollock, B. B. Davis, P. Divol, L. Glenzer, S. H. Palastro, J. P. Price, D. Tynan, G. R. Froula, D. H. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Magnetically Controlled Optical Plasma Waveguide for Electron Acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Channel; Waveguide; Optical; Magnetic ID BEAMS AB In order to produce multi-Gev electrons from Laser Wakefield Accelerators, we present a technique to guide high power laser beams through underdense plasma. Experimental results from the Jupiter Laser Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that show density channels with minimum plasma densities below 5x10(17) cm(-3) are presented. These results are obtained using an external magnetic field (<5 T) to limit the radial heat flux from a pre-forming laser beam. ne resulting increased plasma pressure gradient produces a parabolic density gradient which is tunable by changing the external magnetic field strength. These results are compared with 1-D hydrodynamic simulations, while quasi-static kinetic simulations show that for these channel conditions 90% of the energy in a 150 TW short pulse beam is guided over 5 cm and predict electron energy gains of 3 GeV. C1 [Pollock, B. B.; Tynan, G. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pollock, B. B.; Davis, P.; Divol, L.; Glenzer, S. H.; Palastro, J. P.; Price, D.; Froula, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pollock, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [08-LW-070] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under project tracking code 08-LW-070. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 165 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500021 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Geddes, C. G. R. Toth, Cs. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Design considerations for a laser-plasma linear collider SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser-plasma accelerator; linear collider ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; ACCELERATOR AB Design considerations for a next-generation electron-positron linear collider based on laser-plasma-accelerators are discussed. Several of the advantages and challenges of laser-plasma-based accelerator are addressed. An example of the parameters for a 1 TeV laser-plasma-based collider is presented. C1 [Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Toth, Cs.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500028 ER PT S AU Panasenko, D Shu, AJ Schroeder, CB Gonsalves, AJ Nakamura, K Matlis, NH Cormier-Michel, E Plateau, G Lin, C Toth, C Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Panasenko, D. Shu, A. J. Schroeder, C. B. Gonsalves, A. J. Nakamura, K. Matlis, N. H. Cormier-Michel, E. Plateau, G. Lin, C. Toth, C. Geddes, C. G. R. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Staging Laser Plasma Accelerators for Increased Beam Energy SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser-plasma accelerators; staging; plasma mirror ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; SUPPRESSION; GENERATION; JET AB Staging laser plasma accelerators is an efficient way of mitigating laser pump depletion in laser driven accelerators and necessary for reaching high energies with compact laser systems. The concept of staging includes coupling of additional laser energy and transporting the electron beam from one accelerating module to another. Due to laser damage threshold constraints, in-coupling laser energy with conventional optics requires distances between the accelerating modules of the order of 10m, resulting in decreased average accelerating gradient and complicated e-beam transport. In this paper we use basic scaling laws to show that the total length of future laser plasma accelerators will be determined by staging technology. We also propose using a liquid jet plasma mirror for in-coupling the laser beam and show that it has the potential to reduce distance between stages to the cm-scale. C1 [Panasenko, D.; Shu, A. J.; Schroeder, C. B.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Nakamura, K.; Matlis, N. H.; Cormier-Michel, E.; Plateau, G.; Lin, C.; Toth, C.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Panasenko, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500029 ER PT S AU Palastro, JP Antonsen, TM Morshed, S Froula, DH York, AG Layer, B Aubuchon, M Milchberg, HM AF Palastro, J. P. Antonsen, T. M. Morshed, S. Froula, D. H. York, A. G. Layer, B. Aubuchon, M. Milchberg, H. M. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Direct Acceleration of Electrons in a Corrugated Plasma Channel SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Quasi-phase matching; plasma channel; acceleration; guiding; laser AB Direct laser acceleration of electrons provides a low power tabletop alternative to laser wakefield accelerators. Until recently, however, direct acceleration has been limited by diffraction, phase matching, and material damage thresholds. The development of the corrugated plasma channel [B. Layer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 035001 (2007)l has removed all of these limitations and promises to allow direct acceleration of electrons over many centimeters at high gradients using femtosecond lasers [A. G. York et al, Phys Rev. Lett 100, 195001 (2008), J. P. Palastro et al., Phys. Rev. E 77, 036405 (2008)]. We present a simple analytic model of laser propagation in a corrugated plasma channel and examine the laser-electron beam interaction. Simulations show accelerating gradients of several hundred MeV/cm for laser powers much lower than required by standard laser wakefield schemes. In addition, the laser provides a transverse force that confines the high energy electrons on axis, while expelling low energy electrons. C1 [Palastro, J. P.; Antonsen, T. M.; Morshed, S.; York, A. G.; Layer, B.; Aubuchon, M.; Milchberg, H. M.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Palastro, J. P.; Froula, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palastro, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Devolopment Program [08-LW-070]; U.S.Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was partially funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Devolopment Program (08-LW-070) and performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500031 ER PT S AU Leurent, V Michel, P Clayton, CE Divol, L Doppner, T Glenzer, SH Joshi, C Marsh, KA Pak, A Palastro, JP Pollock, BB Ralph, J Tynan, G Wang, TL Froula, DH AF Leurent, V. Michel, P. Clayton, C. E. Divol, L. Doppner, T. Glenzer, S. H. Joshi, C. Marsh, K. A. Pak, A. Palastro, J. P. Pollock, B. B. Ralph, J. Tynan, G. Wang, T. L. Froula, D. H. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Study of x-ray radiation from a laser wakefield accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Laser wakefield electron acceleration; x-ray radiation AB A Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) is under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to produce electron bunches with GeV class energy and energy spreads of a few-percent. The interaction of a high power (200 TW), short pulse (50 fs) laser with neutral He gas can generate quasi-monoenergetic electron beams at energies up to I GeV [1]. The laser pulse can be self-guided over I cm overcoming the limitation of vacuum diffraction. X-ray betatron radiation is emitted while the accelerated electrons undergo oscillations in the wakefield electrostatic field. Here we present electron spectra measurements with a two screen spectrometer allowing to measure both the electron energy and the transverse deflection at the plasma exit. We have measured monoenergetic electron beams above 300 MeV. Furthermore a forward directed x-ray beam is observed. Preliminary measurements of the spectrum are in reasonable agreement with the calculated betatron spectrum in the synchrotron asymptotic limit using the measured electron beam parameters. C1 [Leurent, V.; Michel, P.; Divol, L.; Doppner, T.; Glenzer, S. H.; Palastro, J. P.; Pollock, B. B.; Froula, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leurent, V.; Pollock, B. B.; Tynan, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Clayton, C. E.; Joshi, C.; Marsh, K. A.; Pak, A.; Ralph, J.; Wang, T. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Leurent, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 FU LDRD [08-LW-070]; U.S.Department of Energy; LLNC [DEAC52-07NA27344, DEFG02-92ER40727] FX This work was supported by LDRD 08-LW-070 and performed under the ausices of the U.S.Department of Energy by LLNC under contract DEAC52-07NA27344 and DEFG02-92ER40727. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 235 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500032 ER PT S AU Nemeth, K Shen, BF Li, YL Shang, HR Crowell, R Harkay, KC Cary, JR AF Nemeth, Karoly Shen, Baifei Li, Yuelin Shang, Hairong Crowell, Robert Harkay, Katherine C. Cary, John R. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Laser-Driven Coherent Betatron Oscillation in a Laser-Wakefield Cavity: Formation of Sinusoid Beam Shapes and Coherent Trajectories SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser-wakefield accelerator; bubble regime; betatron oscillation; coherence ID ACCELERATION AB High amplitude coherent electron-trajectories have been seen in 3D particle-in-cell simulations of the colliding pulse injection scheme of laser-wakefield accelerators in the bubble regime, and explained as a consequence of laser-driven coherent betatron oscillation in our recent paper [K. Nemeth et.al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 095002 (2008)]. In the present paper we provide more details on the shape of the trajectories, their relationship to the phase velocity of the laser and indicate the dependence of the phenomenon on the accuracy of the numerical representation and choice of laser/plasma parameters. C1 [Nemeth, Karoly; Shen, Baifei; Li, Yuelin; Shang, Hairong; Harkay, Katherine C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nemeth, Karoly; Shen, Baifei; Li, Yuelin; Shang, Hairong; Crowell, Robert; Harkay, Katherine C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Crowell, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cary, John R.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrat Plasma Stud, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cary, John R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 247 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500034 ER PT S AU Toth, C Albert, O Canova, L Gonsalves, AJ Panasenko, D Matlis, NH Plateau, G Leemans, WP AF Toth, Csaba Albert, Olivier Canova, Lorenzo Gonsalves, Anthony J. Panasenko, Dmitriy Matlis, Nicholas H. Plateau, Guillaume Leemans, Wim P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Contrast Enhancement of the LOASIS CPA Laser and Effects on Electron Beam Performance of LWFA SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser-plasma accelerator; pre-pulse; XPW; THz ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ACCELERATOR AB A nonlinear optical pulse cleaning technique based on cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation filtering [1] has been implemented to improve laser pulse contrast, and consequently to control pre-ionization in laser-plasma accelerator experiments. Three orders of magnitude improvement in pre-pulse contrast has been achieved, resulting in 4-fold increase in electron charge and improved stability of both the electron beam energy and THz radiation generated as a secondary process in the gas-jet-based LWFA experiments. C1 [Toth, Csaba; Gonsalves, Anthony J.; Panasenko, Dmitriy; Matlis, Nicholas H.; Plateau, Guillaume; Leemans, Wim P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, Olivier; Canova, Lorenzo] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Albert, Olivier; Canova, Lorenzo] Lab Opt Appl, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Albert, Olivier/A-7373-2008 FU Office of the U.S.Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DARPA FX This work was supported by the Office of the U.S.Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics under contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DARPA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 270 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500038 ER PT S AU Rihaoui, M Gai, W Kim, KJ Piot, P Power, JG Sun, YE AF Rihaoui, M. Gai, W. Kim, K. -J. Piot, P. Power, J. G. Sun, Y. -E BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Beam dynamics simulations of the transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange proof-of-principle experiment at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE photoinjector; phase space manipulation; beam dynamics AB Transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange has promising applications in various advanced acceleration and light source concepts. A proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate this phase space manipulation method is currently being planned at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. The experiment focuses on exchanging a low longitudinal emittance with a high transverse horizontal emittance and also incorporates room for possible parametric studies e.g. using an incoming flat beam with tunable horizontal emittance. In this paper, we present realistic start-to-end beam dynamics simulation of the scheme, explore the limitations of this phase space exchange. C1 [Rihaoui, M.; Piot, P.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Gai, W.; Kim, K. -J.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Piot, P.] Northern Illinois Univ, Northern Illinois Ctr Accelerat & Detector Dev, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Sun, Y. -E] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerat Phys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rihaoui, M (reprint author), Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER41532]; Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX The work of M. R. and P. P. was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-08ER41532 with Northern Illinois University. The work of W. G., K.-J. K and J. G. P was supported Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The work of Y.-E S. was supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 279 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500039 ER PT S AU Allen, B Muggli, P Feng, B Katsouleas, T Huang, C Yakimenko, VD Maksimchuk, A AF Allen, B. Muggli, P. Feng, B. Katsouleas, T. Huang, C. Yakimenko, V. D. Maksimchuk, A. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Simulation of Weibel Instability for LWFA and PWFA Electron Beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Weibel instability; current filamentation instability; beam plasma interaction AB Weibel instability is of central importance for relativistic beams both in laboratory, ex. fast-igniter concept for inertial confinement fusion, and astrophysical, ex. cosmic jets, plasmas. Simulations, using QuickPIC, of an intense and monoenergetic beam propagating through a plasma were conducted for experimental setups with Laser Wakefield and RF accelerators and show the appearance of Weibel instability (or current instability). The appearance of the instability is investigated as a function of beam parameters (density, spot size and bunch length) and plasma parameters (plasma density and length of plasma). We present preliminary simulation results that show that the instability should be observable for the RF accelerator experiment. C1 [Allen, B.; Muggli, P.; Feng, B.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Katsouleas, T.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Huang, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yakimenko, V. D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maksimchuk, A.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Allen, B (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER40745] FX Work supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-93ER40745. Simulations are performed on the computers of the USC High Performance Computer Center. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 291 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500041 ER PT S AU Cormier-Michel, E Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Bruhwiler, DL Paul, K Cowan, B Leemans, WP AF Cormier-Michel, Estelle Geddes, C. G. R. Esarey, E. Schroeder, C. B. Bruhwiler, D. L. Paul, K. Cowan, B. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Scaled simulations of a 10 GeV accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Laser plasma accelerator; 10 GeV stage; PIC simulation ID PLASMA; CODE AB Laser plasma accelerators are able to produce high quality electron beams from I MeV to I GeV. The next generation of plasma accelerator experiments will likely use a multi-stage approach where a high quality electron bunch is first produced and then injected into an accelerating structure. In this paper we present scaled particle-in-cell simulations of a 10 GeV stage in the quasi-linear regime. We show that physical parameters can be scaled to be able to perform these simulations at reasonable computational cost. Beam loading properties and electron bunch energy gain are calculated. A range of parameter regimes are studied to optimize the quality of the electron bunch at the output of the stage. C1 [Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Esarey, E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bruhwiler, D. L.; Paul, K.; Cowan, B.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cormier-Michel, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science; Office of High Energy Physics; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-04ER84097]; SciDac [DE-FC02-07ER41499] FX The authors thank B.A. Shadwick for insightful discussions. We also acknowledge the assistance ofthe VORPAL development. This work was supported by the Director, Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-FG02-04ER84097 and by SciDac grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41499.The simulations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 297 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500042 ER PT S AU Cowan, B Bruhwiler, D Cormier-Michel, E Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Messmer, P Paul, K AF Cowan, B. Bruhwiler, D. Cormier-Michel, E. Esarey, E. Geddes, C. G. R. Messmer, P. Paul, K. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Laser wakefield simulation using a speed-of-light frame envelope model SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; ACCELERATOR AB Simulation of laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) experiments is computationally intensive due to the disparate length scales involved. Current experiments extend hundreds of laser wavelengths transversely and many thousands in the propagation direction, making explicit PIC simulations enormously expensive and requiring massively parallel execution in 3D. We can substantially improve the performance of laser wakefield simulations by modeling the envelope modulation of the laser field rather than the field itself. This allows for much coarser grids, since we need only resolve the plasma wavelength and not the laser wavelength, and therefore larger timesteps. Thus an envelope model can result in savings of several orders of magnitude in computational resources. By propagating the laser envelope in a frame moving at the speed of light, dispersive errors can be avoided and simulations over long distances become possible. Here we describe the model and its implementation, and show simulations and benchmarking of laser wakefield phenomena such as channel propagation, self-focusing, wakefield generation, and downramp injection using the model. C1 [Cowan, B.; Bruhwiler, D.; Messmer, P.; Paul, K.] Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cormier-Michel, E.; Esarey, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, LOASIS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Esarey, E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Cowan, B (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Derpartment of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL), DE-FC02-07ER41499 (SciDEC)]; [DE-FG02-04ER84097 (SBIR)] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the VORPAL deveplopment team. Work supported by Derpartment of Energy contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL), DE-FC02-07ER41499 (SciDEC), and DE-FG02-04ER84097 (SBIR). NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500044 ER PT S AU Paul, K Huang, C Bruhwiler, DL Mori, WB Tsung, FS Cormier-Michel, E Geddes, CGR Cowan, B Cary, JR Esarey, E Fonseca, RA Martins, SF Silva, LO AF Paul, K. Huang, C. Bruhwiler, D. L. Mori, W. B. Tsung, F. S. Cormier-Michel, E. Geddes, C. G. R. Cowan, B. Cary, J. R. Esarey, E. Fonseca, R. A. Martins, S. F. Silva, L. O. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Benchmarking the codes VORPAL, OSIRIS, and QuickPIC with Laser Wakefield Acceleration Simulations SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE laser-plasma accelerators; simulation; benchmarking ID ELECTRONS; BEAMS AB Three-dimensional laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) simulations have recently been performed to benchmark the commonly used particle-in-cell (PIC) codes VORPAL, OSIRIS, and QuickPIC. The simulations were run in parallel on over 100 processors, using parameters relevant to LWFA with ultra-short Ti-Sapphire laser pulses propagating in hydrogen gas. Both first-order and second-order particle shapes were employed. We present the results of this benchmarking exercise, and show that accelerating gradients from full PIC agree for all values of a(0) and that full and reduced PIC agree well for values of a(0) approaching 4. C1 [Paul, K.; Bruhwiler, D. L.; Cowan, B.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Huang, C.; Mori, W. B.; Tsung, F. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Cormier-Michel, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fonseca, R. A.; Martins, S. F.; Silva, L. O.] Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nuclear, GoLP, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Paul, K (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RI Silva, Luis/C-3169-2009; Fonseca, Ricardo/B-7680-2009 OI Silva, Luis/0000-0003-2906-924X; Fonseca, Ricardo/0000-0001-6342-6226 FU National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; U.S. Department of Energy, under the Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-AC02-5CH11231, DE-FG03-92ER40727, DE-FG52-06NA26195, DE-FC02-07ER41500, DE-FG02-03ER54721]; National Science Foundation [NSF-Phy-0321345]; Tech-X Corporation FX This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, and is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under the Office of Science contracts #DE-FC02-07ER41499 and #DE-AC02-5CH11231, and under the contracts #DE-FG03-92ER40727, #DE-FG52-06NA26195, #DE-FC02-07ER41500, and #DE-FG02-03ER54721, the National Science Foundation contract #NSF-Phy-0321345, and by Tech-X Corporation. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 315 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500045 ER PT S AU Shadwick, BA Schroeder, CB AF Shadwick, B. A. Schroeder, C. B. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Physical Fidelity in Particle-In-Cell Modeling of Small Debye-Length Plasmas SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley ID CHARGE CONSERVATION; SIMULATION AB The connection between macro-particle shape functions and non-physical phase-space "heating" in the particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm is examined. The development of fine-scale phase-space structures starting from a cold initial condition is shown to be related to spatial correlations in the interpolated fields used in the Lorentz force. It is shown that the plasma evolution via the PIC algorithm from a cold initial condition leads to a state that is not consistent with that of a thermal plasma. C1 [Shadwick, B. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Schroeder, C. B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER55000]; Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank J-L. Vay, D. Bruhwiler, E. G. Evstatiev, E. Cormier- Michel, and E. Esarey for useful discussions. Work at UNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-08ER55000. Work at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500046 ER PT S AU Paul, K Dimitrov, DA Busby, R Bruhwiler, DL Smithe, D Cary, JR Kewisch, J Kayran, D Calaga, R Ben-Zvi, I AF Paul, K. Dimitrov, D. A. Busby, R. Bruhwiler, D. L. Smithe, D. Cary, J. R. Kewisch, J. Kayran, D. Calaga, R. Ben-Zvi, I. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Half-Cell RF Gun Simulations with the Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell Code VORPAL SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE rf guns; electron sources; particle-in-cell; simulation AB We have simulated Brookhaven National Laboratory's half-cell superconducting RF gun design for a proposed high-current ERL using the three-dimensional, electromagnetic particle-in-cell code VORPAL. VORPAL computes the fully self-consistent electromagnetic fields produced by the electron bunches, meaning that it accurately models space-charge effects as well as bunch-to-bunch beam loading effects and the effects of higher-order cavity modes, though these are beyond the scope of this paper. We compare results from VORPAL to the well-established space-charge code PARMELA, using RF fields produced by SUPERFISH, as a benchmarking exercise in which the two codes should agree well. C1 [Paul, K.; Dimitrov, D. A.; Busby, R.; Bruhwiler, D. L.; Smithe, D.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kewisch, J.; Kayran, D.; Calaga, R.; Ben-Zvi, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Paul, K (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 FU U.S. Department of Energy ,Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S.Department of Energy; Office of High -Energy Physics [DE02-06ER84484]; Tech -X Corporation FX THIS resech used resoures of NationalEnergy Reseach Scicentific Computing Center ,supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,Office of Science ,under Contract #DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work also supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of High -Energy Physics,grant #DE02-06ER84484,and by Tech -X Corporation. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 334 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500048 ER PT S AU Fawley, WM Vay, JL AF Fawley, W. M. Vay, J. -L. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Use of the Lorentz-Boosted Frame Transformation to Simulate Free-Electron Laser Amplifier Physics SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE free-electron laser; electromagnetic simulation algorithms AB Recently [1] it has been pointed out that numerical simulation of some systems containing charged particles with highly relativistic directed motion can by speeded up by orders of magnitude by choice of the proper Lorentz boosted frame. A particularly good example is that of short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELS) in which a high energy (E(0) >= 250 MeV) electron beam interacts with a static magnetic undulator. In the optimal boost frame with Lorentz factor gamma(F), the red-shifted FEL radiation and blue shifted undulator have identical wavelengths and the number of required time-steps (presuming the Courant condition applies) decreases by a factor of y(F)(2) for fully electromagnetic simulation. We have adapted the WARP code [2] to apply this method to several FEL problems including coherent spontaneous emission (CSE) from pre-bunched e-beams, and strong exponential gain in a single pass amplifier configuration. We discuss our results and compare with those from the "standard" FEL simulation approach which adopts the eikonal approximation for propagation of the radiation field. C1 [Fawley, W. M.; Vay, J. -L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 346 EP 350 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500050 ER PT S AU Gao, F Conde, ME Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, R Liu, W Power, JG Wong, T Yusof, Z AF Gao, F. Conde, M. E. Gai, W. Jing, C. Konecny, R. Liu, W. Power, J. G. Wong, T. Yusof, Z. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI 7.8GHz High Power Generation And Extraction With A Dielectric-loaded Waveguide SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE power extraction; dielectric-loaded; bunch train ID ACCELERATOR AB In this paper, we present updated results on power extraction testing of a 7.8GHz dielectric loaded waveguide power extractor using both high charge single bunches and bunch trains. We have generated a 1.7ns radio frequency (rf) pulse with 30MW of power with a single 66nC electron bunch. Then we have generated a pulse train of electron beam for rf generation of 10ns and 22ns rf pulses. C1 [Gao, F.; Conde, M. E.; Gai, W.; Konecny, R.; Liu, W.; Power, J. G.; Yusof, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500051 ER PT S AU Solyak, NA AF Solyak, N. A. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Gradient Limitations in Room Temperature and Superconducting Acceleration Structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator; acceleration gradient; Superconductivity AB Accelerating gradient is a key parameter of the accelerating structure in large linac facilities, like future Linear Collider. In room temperature accelerating structures the gradient is limited mostly by breakdown phenomena, caused by high surface electric fields or pulse surface heating. High power processing is a necessary procedure to clean surface and improve the gradient. In the best tested X-band structures the achieved gradient is exceed 100 MV/m in of similar to 200 ns pulses for breakdown rate of similar to 10(-7). Gradient limit depends on number of factors and no one theory which can explain all sets of experimental results and predict gradient in new accelerating structure. In paper we briefly overview the recent experimental results of breakdown studies, progress in understanding of gradient limitations and scaling laws. Although superconducting rf technology has been adopted throughout the world for ILC, it has frequently been difficult to reach the predicted performance in these structures due to a number of factors: multipactoring, field emission, Q-slope, thermal breakdown. In paper we are discussing all these phenomena and the ways to increase accelerating gradient in SC cavity, which are a part of worldwide R&D program. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Solyak, NA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500053 ER PT S AU Wang, FY AF Wang, Faya BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Breakdown Characteristics Study on an 18 Cell X-band Structure SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE X-band; RF; Breakdown; Gradient; Pulse Width; Pulsed Heating AB A CLIC designed 18 cells, low group velocity (2.4% to 1.0% c), X-band (11.4 GHz) accelerator structure (denoted T18) was designed at CERN, its cells were built at KEK, and it was assembled and tested at SLAC. An interesting feature of this structure is that the gradient in the last cell is about 50% higher than that in the first cell. This structure has been RF conditioned at SLAC NLCTA for about 1400 hours where it incurred about 2200 breakdowns. This paper presents the characteristics of these breakdowns, including 1) the breakdown rate dependence on gradient, pulse width and conditioning time, 2) the breakdown distribution along the structure, 3) relation between breakdown and pulsed heating dependence study and 4) electric field decay time for breakdown changing over the whole conditioning time. Overall, this structure performed very well, having a final breakdown rate of less than 1e-6/pulse/m at 106 MV/m with 230 ns pulse width. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wang, FY (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500054 ER PT S AU Antipov, SP Kanareykin, A Schoessow, P Schachter, L AF Antipov, Sergey P. Kanareykin, Alexei Schoessow, Paul Schachter, Levi BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Active Media Studies for PASER SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE masers; electron beams; Zeeman effect AB The Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (PASER) is a concept that is based on the direct transfer of energy from active medium to a charged particle beam. The PASER was originally formulated and demonstrated for optical (laser) media; we are pursuing a PASER demonstration experiment based on an optically pumped paramagnetic medium active in the X-band. The activity in this case is produced via Zeeman Effect. We report on the development of an active medium based on fullerene (C(60)). Various aspects like temperature dependence, concentration effects and the role of the host media are presented. Application of the technology to accelerators and microwave components will be discussed. C1 [Antipov, Sergey P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antipov, SP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 520 EP 525 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500078 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, I Shkolnikov, P Chen, M Pukhov, A Yakimenko, V McKenna, P Carroll, D Neely, D Najmudin, Z Willingale, L Stolyarov, D Stolyarova, E Flynn, G AF Pogorelsky, Igor Shkolnikov, Peter Chen, Min Pukhov, Alexander Yakimenko, Vitaly McKenna, Paul Carroll, David Neely, David Najmudin, Zulfikar Willingale, Louise Stolyarov, Daniil Stolyarova, Elena Flynn, George BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Proton and Ion Beams Generated with Picosecond CO(2) Laser Pulses SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE ion acceleration; protons; CO(2) laser; spectrometer; graphene ID LASER-PULSE; ACCELERATION; ABSORPTION AB I-TW, 6-ps, circularly polarized CO(2) laser pulses focused onto thin Al foils are used to drive ion acceleration. The spectra of ions and protons generated in the direction normal to the rear surface, detected with a compact magnet spectrometer with CR39, reveals a broad proton high-energy peak at similar to 1 MeV. This observation conforms to the theoretical predictions that circularly polarized laser pulses are less efficient than linearly polarized pulses in driving ion acceleration via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Instead, there is evidence that the circularly polarized laser may provide direct ponderomotive acceleration of ions and protons. We report also the first application of the BNL proton source in nano-science. Irradiation of graphite and graphene films produced local defects and membranes for variety of applications. C1 [Pogorelsky, Igor; Yakimenko, Vitaly; Stolyarov, Daniil] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chen, Min/A-9955-2010; pukhov, alexander/C-8082-2016 OI Chen, Min/0000-0002-4290-9330; NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 532 EP 537 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500080 ER PT S AU McGuinness, C Byer, RL Colby, E Cowan, BM England, RJ Noble, RJ Plettner, T Sears, CM Siemann, R Spencer, J Waltz, D AF McGuinness, C. Byer, R. L. Colby, E. Cowan, B. M. England, R. J. Noble, R. J. Plettner, T. Sears, C. M. Siemann, R. Spencer, J. Waltz, D. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Woodpile Structure Fabrication for Photonic Crystal Laser Acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE woodpile; photonic crystal; PBG; laser acceleration; nanofabrication AB We describe initial steps at fabricating a dielectric photonic bandgap accelerator structure designed to operate at near IR frequencies. Such a structure operating at these frequencies requires extremely small, sub-micron sized features, forcing one to use lithographic means for fabrication. A process based upon lithographic equipment at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility has been developed and a four layer test structure has been fabricated. Unexpected problems with the final etch step, and corresponding modifications to the process flow addressing these problems, are described. Spectroscopic measurements of the structure have been taken and are compared to simulations. C1 [McGuinness, C.; Colby, E.; England, R. J.; Noble, R. J.; Sears, C. M.; Siemann, R.; Spencer, J.; Waltz, D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGuinness, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 544 EP 549 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500082 ER PT S AU England, RJ Colby, ER Ischebeck, R McGuinness, CA Noble, R Plettner, T Sears, CMS Siemann, RH Spencer, JE Walz, D AF England, R. J. Colby, E. R. Ischebeck, R. McGuinness, C. A. Noble, R. Plettner, T. Sears, C. M. S. Siemann, R. H. Spencer, J. E. Walz, D. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Experiment to Detect Accelerating Modes in a Photonic Bandgap Fiber SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley AB sAn experimental effort is currently underway at the E-163 test beamline at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center to use a hollow-core photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber as a high-gradient laser-based accelerating structure for electron bunches. For the initial stage of this experiment, a 50pC, 60 MeV electron beam will be coupled into the fiber core and the excited modes will be detected using a spectrograph to resolve their frequency signatures in the wakefield radiation generated by the beam. We will describe the experimental plan and recent simulation studies of candidate fibers. C1 [England, R. J.; Colby, E. R.; McGuinness, C. A.; Noble, R.; Plettner, T.; Siemann, R. H.; Spencer, J. E.; Walz, D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP England, RJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 550 EP 555 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500083 ER PT S AU Antipov, S Liu, W Gai, W Power, JG Spentzouris, L AF Antipov, S. Liu, W. Gai, W. Power, J. G. Spentzouris, L. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Observation of Wakefield Generation in Left-Handed Band of Metamaterial-Loaded Waveguide SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE advanced accelerator concepts; waveguides; new materials: theory; design AB We report on a design of a TM-mode based metamaterial-loaded waveguide. Network analyzer measurements demonstrated a left-handed propagation region for the TM11 mode at around 10 GHz. A beamline experiment was performed with the metamaterial-loaded waveguide. In this experiment, a 6 MeV electron beam passes through the waveguide and generates a wakefield, via the Cherenkov radiation mechanism. We detected a signal in the left-handed frequency band at 10 GHz. This is an indirect demonstration of reverse Cherenkov radiation as discussed in several papers. Cherenkov radiation in artificially constructed materials (metamaterials, MTM) can provide unusual, engineered features that can be advantageous for particle detector design. C1 [Antipov, S.; Liu, W.; Gai, W.; Power, J. G.; Spentzouris, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antipov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 556 EP 560 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500084 ER PT S AU Blumenfeld, I Clayton, CE Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Ischebeck, R Iverson, RH Joshi, C Katsouleas, T Kirby, N Lu, W Marsh, KA Mori, WB Muggli, P Oz, E Siemann, RH Walz, DR Zhou, M AF Blumenfeld, I. Clayton, C. E. Decker, F. J. Hogan, M. J. Huang, C. Ischebeck, R. Iverson, R. H. Joshi, C. Katsouleas, T. Kirby, N. Lu, W. Marsh, K. A. Mori, W. B. Muggli, P. Oz, E. Siemann, R. H. Walz, D. R. Zhou, M. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Measurement of the Decelerating Wake in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE PWFA; decelerating wake measurement AB Recent experiments at SLAC have shown that high gradient acceleration of electrons is achievable in meter scale plasmas. Results from these experiments show that the wakefield is sensitive to parameters in the electron beam which drives it. In the experiment the bunch lengths were varied systematically at constant charge. The effort to extract a measurement of the decelerating wake from the maximum energy loss of the electron beam is discussed. C1 [Blumenfeld, I.; Decker, F. J.; Hogan, M. J.; Ischebeck, R.; Iverson, R. H.; Kirby, N.; Siemann, R. H.; Walz, D. R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clayton, C. E.; Huang, C.; Joshi, C.; Lu, W.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B.; Zhou, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katsouleas, T.; Muggli, P.; Oz, E.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Blumenfeld, I (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 569 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500086 ER PT S AU Kallos, E Muggli, P Katsouleas, T Yakimenko, V Park, J AF Kallos, Efthymios Muggli, Patfic Katsouleas, Thomas Yakimenko, Vitaly Park, Jangho BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Simulations of a High-Transformer-Ratio Plasma Wakefield Accelerator Using Multiple Electron Bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley AB Particle-in-cell simulations of a plasma wakefield accelerator in the linear regime are presented, consisting of four electron bunches that are fed into a high-density plasma. It is found that a high transformer ratio can be maintained over 43 cm of plasma if the charge in each bunch is increased linearly, the bunches are placed 1.5 plasma wavelengths apart and the bunch emmitances are adjusted to compensate for the nonlinear focusing forces. The generated wakefield is sampled by a test witness bunch whose energy gain after the plasma is six times the energy loss of the drive bunches. C1 [Kallos, Efthymios; Muggli, Patfic; Katsouleas, Thomas] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Yakimenko, Vitaly; Park, Jangho] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kallos, E (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 580 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500088 ER PT S AU Kirby, N Blumenfeld, I Clayton, CE Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Ischebeck, R Iverson, RH Joshi, C Katsouleas, T Lu, W Marsh, KA Martins, S Mori, WB Muggli, P Oz, E Siemann, RH Walz, DR Zhou, M AF Kirby, N. Blumenfeld, I. Clayton, C. E. Decker, F. J. Hogan, M. J. Huang, C. Ischebeck, R. Iverson, R. H. Joshi, C. Katsouleas, T. Lu, W. Marsh, K. A. Martins, S. Mori, W. B. Muggli, P. Oz, E. Siemann, R. H. Walz, D. R. Zhou, M. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Emittance and Current of Electrons Trapped in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Electron; Trapping; Plasma Wakefield Accelerator AB In recent experiments plasma electrons became trapped in a plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). The transverse size of these trapped electrons on a downstream diagnostic yields an upper limit measurement of transverse normalized emittance divided by peak current, epsilon(N,x)/I. The lowest upper limit for epsilon(N,x)/I measured in the experiment is 1.3.10(-10)m/A. C1 [Kirby, N.; Blumenfeld, I.; Decker, F. J.; Hogan, M. J.; Ischebeck, R.; Iverson, R. H.; Siemann, R. H.; Walz, D. R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clayton, C. E.; Huang, C.; Joshi, C.; Lu, W.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B.; Zhou, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katsouleas, T.; Muggli, P.; Oz, E.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Martins, S.] GoLP IPFN, Inst Super Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Kirby, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016 FU Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-765F00515, DE-FG02-93ER40745, DE-FG03-92ER40727, DE-FG52-06NA26195, DE-FCO2-07ER41500,, DE-FGO2-03ER54721, DE-FG02-92ER40727]; National Science Foundation [NSF-Phy-0321345] FX The authors would like to thank Melissa Berry for her assistance with the energy spectrometer design. The OSIRIS simulations were produced using the Dawson clus-ter (UCLA). This work was supported by Department of Energy Contracts No. DE-ACO2-765F00515, No. DE-FG02-93ER40745, No. DE-FG03-92ER40727, No. DE-FG52-06NA26195, No. DE-FCO2-07ER41500, No. DE-FGO2-03ER54721, No. DE-FG02-92ER40727, and National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF-Phy-0321345. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 591 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500090 ER PT S AU Tyukhtin, AV Schoessow, P Kanareykin, A Antipov, S AF Tyukhtin, A. V. Schoessow, P. Kanareykin, A. Antipov, S. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Metamaterials for Cherenkov Radiation Based Particle Detectors SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE metamaterials; Cherenkov radiation; beam diagnostics; detectors; waveguide AB Measurement of Cherenkov radiation (CR) has long been a useful technique for charged particle detection and beam diagnostics. We are investigating metamaterials engineered to have refractive indices tailored to enhance properties of CR that are useful for particle detectors and that cannot be obtained using conventional media. Cherenkov radiation in dispersive media with a large refractive index differs significantly from the same effect in conventional detector media, like gases or aerogel. The radiation pattern of CR in dispersive metamaterials presents lobes at very large angles with respect to particle motion. Moreover, the frequency and particle velocity dependence of the radiated energy can differ significantly from CR in a conventional dielectric medium. C1 [Tyukhtin, A. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Phys Dep, St Petersburg, Russia. [Schoessow, P.; Kanareykin, A.] Euclid Techlabs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Antipov, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tyukhtin, AV (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Phys Dep, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Tyukhtin, Andrey/I-4383-2013 OI Tyukhtin, Andrey/0000-0002-8300-7181 FU US Department of Energy; Office of high Energy Physics FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of high Energy Physics. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 604 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500092 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Fawley, WM Gruner, F Bakeman, M Nakamura, K Robinson, KE Toth, C Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, C. B. Fawley, W. M. Gruener, F. Bakeman, M. Nakamura, K. Robinson, K. E. Toth, Cs. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Free-electron laser driven by the LBNL laser-plasma accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Free-electron laser; laser-plasma accelerator AB A design of a compact free-electron laser (FEL), generating ultra-fast, high-peak flux, XUV pulses is presented. The FEL is driven by a high-current, 0.5 GeV electron beam from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) laser-plasma accelerator, whose active acceleration length is only a few centimeters. The proposed ultra-fast source (similar to 10 fs) would be intrinsically temporally synchronized to the drive laser pulse, enabling pump-probe studies in ultra-fast science. Owing to the high current (greater than or similar to 10 kA) of the laser-plasma-accelerated electron beams, saturated output fluxes are potentially greater than 10(13) photons/pulse. Devices based both on self-amplified spontaneous emission and high-harmonic generated input seeds, to reduce undulator length and fluctuations, are considered. C1 [Schroeder, C. B.; Fawley, W. M.; Bakeman, M.; Nakamura, K.; Robinson, K. E.; Toth, Cs.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gruener, F.] Univ Minchen, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bakeman, M.; Nakamura, K.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, EAC02-76SF00515] FX Work supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DEAC02-76SF00515. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 637 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500098 ER PT S AU Shiltsev, V Alexahin, Y Kamerdzhiev, V Kapin, V Kuznetsov, G AF Shiltsev, V. Alexahin, Y. Kamerdzhiev, V. Kapin, V. Kuznetsov, G. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI The Use of Ionization Electron Columns for Space-Charge Compensation in High Intensity Proton Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE space-charge effects; compensation; electron columns AB We discuss a recent proposal to use strongly magnetized electron colunms created by beam ionization of the residual gas for compensation of space charge forces of high intensity proton beams in synchrotrons and linacs. The electron columns formed by trapped ionization electrons in a longitudinal magnetic field that assures transverse distribution of electron space charge in the column is the same as in the proton beam. Electrostatic electrodes are used to control the accumulation and release of the electrons. Ions are not magnetized and drift away without affecting the compensation. Possible technical solution for the electron columns is presented. We also discuss the first numerical simulation results for space-charge compensation in the FNAL Booster and results of relevant beam studies in the Tevatron. C1 [Shiltsev, V.; Alexahin, Y.; Kamerdzhiev, V.; Kapin, V.; Kuznetsov, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shiltsev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500100 ER PT S AU Muggli, P Yakimenko, V Kusche, K Babzien, M Kallos, E Park, J AF Muggli, Patric Yakimenko, Vitaly Kusche, Karl Babzien, Marcus Kallos, Efthymios Park, Jangho BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Contrast of Subpicosecond Microelectron Bunch Trains SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE electron bunch train; plasma wakefield accelerator AB We recently demonstrated that electron bunch trains with a controllable number of bunches and adjustable subpicosecond spacing can be produced using a mask technique. In this paper we calculate the bunch train contrast as a function of the hewn betatron size at the mask sigma(beta) and of the diameter d of the mask wires separated by a period D. As expected, when sigma(beta)/(d/2) the contrast is high and decreases with increasing sigma(beta)/(d/2). C1 [Muggli, Patric; Kallos, Efthymios] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Yakimenko, Vitaly; Kusche, Karl; Babzien, Marcus; Park, Jangho] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Muggli, P (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER41294, DE-ACO2-98CH10886, DE-FG03-92ER40695, DE-FG02-92ER40745] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant Nos. DE-FG02- 04ER41294, DE-ACO2-98CH10886, DE-FG03-92ER40695, and DE-FG02-92ER40745. We greatly appreciate the contribution of the ATF technical NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 683 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500105 ER PT S AU Power, JG Jing, CG AF Power, John G. Jing, Chunguang BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Temporal Laser Pulse Shaping for RF Photocathode Guns: The Cheap and Easy way using UV Birefringent Crystals SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Laser Pulse Shaping; Emittance; Photoinjector; Bunch Train AB We report experimental investigations into a new technique for achieving temporal laser pulse shaping for RF photocathode gun applications using inexpensive UV birefringent crystals. Exploiting the group velocity mismatch between the two different polarizations of a birefringent crystal, a stack of UV pulses can be assembled into the desired temporal pulse shape. The scheme is capable of generating a variety of temporal pulse shapes including: (i) flat-top pulses with fast rise-time and variable pulse duration. (ii) microbunch trains, and (iii) ramped pulse generation. We will consider two applications for beam generation at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) including a flat-top laser pulse for low emittance production and matched bunch length for enhanced transformer ratio production. Streak camera measurements of the temporal profiles generated with a 2-crystal set and a 4-crystal set are presented. C1 [Power, John G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 689 EP 694 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500106 ER PT S AU Plateau, GR Matlis, NH Albert, O Toth, C Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB van Tilborg, J Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Plateau, G. R. Matlis, N. H. Albert, O. Toth, C. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. van Tilborg, J. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Optimization of THz Radiation Generation from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE T-rays generation; CTR; LWFA; Beam diagnostics ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; PLASMA; CONTRAST; PULSES AB Ultrashort terahertz pulses with energies in the mu J range can be generated with laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA), which are novel, compact accelerators that produce ultrashort electron bunches with energies up to 1 GeV [1] and energy spreads of a few-percent. Laser pulses interacting with a plasma create accelerated electrons which upon exiting the plasma emit terahertz pulses via transition radiation. Because these electron bunches are ultrashort (< 50 fs), they can radiate coherently (coherent transition radiation - CTR) in a wide bandwidth (similar to 1 - 10 THz) yielding high intensity terahertz pulses [2]. In addition to providing a non-invasive bunch-length diagnostic [3] and thus feedback for the LWFA, these high peak power THz pulses are suitable for high field (MV/cm) pump-probe experiments. Here we present energy-based measurements using a Golay cell and an electro-optic technique which were used to characterize these THz pulses. C1 [Plateau, G. R.; Matlis, N. H.; Toth, C.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; van Tilborg, J.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plateau, G. R.; Albert, O.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Albert, O.] Lab Opt Appl, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. [Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Plateau, GR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Albert, Olivier/A-7373-2008; OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU DARPA; Director, Office of Science, Officeof High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by DARPA and the Director, Office of Science, Officeof High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 707 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500109 ER PT S AU Matlis, NH Plateau, GR van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Toth, C Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Matlis, N. H. Plateau, G. R. van Tilborg, J. Geddes, C. G. R. Toth, Cs. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI High-Field, mu J-Class THz Pulses from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Terahertz; CTR; Wakefield; Diagnostics; Electro-optic sampling; Holography AB We present observation and characterization of microjoule-MV/cm-level THz pulses from a laser wakefield accelerator. THz emitted as coherent transition radiation from the plasma-vacuum boundary is collected and refocused by off-axis parabolas to a test stand where a suite of diagnostics is performed, including energy measurement by a Golay cell and electro-optic sampling of the spatio-temporal electric field using a probe pulse split from the main laser. Frequency Domain Holography is also implemented for the first time to capture spatio-temporal field distributions in a single shot. The four techniques strongly corroborate detection of THz pulses of similar to 0.4 ps duration, with peak fields of several hundred kV/cm and energies of 5 - 10 mu J. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed. C1 [Matlis, N. H.; Plateau, G. R.; van Tilborg, J.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Toth, Cs.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matlis, NH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500110 ER PT S AU Yakimenko, V AF Yakimenko, Vitaly BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Generating Polarized High-Brightness Muon Beams With High-Energy Gammas SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Polarized muon beams; pair creation; neutrino factory ID FUTURE AB Hadron colliders are impractical at very high energies as effective interaction energy is a fraction of the energies of the beams and luminosity must rise as energy squared. Further, the prevailing gluon-gluon background radiation makes it difficult to sort out events. e(+)e(-) colliders, on other hand, are constrained at TeV energies by beamstrablung radiation and also by cost as long linacs are required to avoid synchrotron radiation in the rings. A muon collider will have the same advantages in energy reach as an e(+)e(-) collider, but without prohibitive beamstrahlung- and synchrotron- radiation. Generation of the high-brightness polarized muon (mu(-)mu(+)) beams through gamma conversion into pairs in the nuclei field is considered in this paper. The dominant effect in the interaction of the high-energy photons with the solid target will be the production of electron-positron pairs. The low-phase space of the resulting muon beams adequately compensates for the small probability of generating a mu(-)mu(+) pair C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yakimenko, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 720 EP 725 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500111 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, I Polyanskiy, MN Yakimenko, V Platonenko, VT AF Pogorelsky, Igor Polyanskiy, Mikhail N. Yakimenko, Vitaliy Platonenko, Viktor T. BE Schroeder, CB Leemans, W Esarey, E TI Development of a High-Average-Power Compton Gamma Source for Lepton Colliders SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2008 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley DE Compton scattering; gamma rays; positrons; muons; CO2 laser AB Gamma- (gamma-) ray beams of high average power and peak brightness are of demand for a number of applications in high-energy physics, material processing, medicine, etc. One of such examples is gamma conversion into polarized positrons and muons that is under consideration for projected lepton colliders. A gamma-source based on the Compton backscattering from the relativistic electron beam is a promising candidate for this application. Our approach to the high-repetition gamma-source assumes placing the Compton interaction point inside a CO2 laser cavity. A laser pulse interacts with periodical electron bunches on each round-trip inside the laser cavity producing the corresponding train of gamma-pulses. The round-trip optical losses can be compensated by amplification in the active laser medium. The major challenge for this approach is in maintaining stable amplification rate-for a picosecond CO2 laser pulse during multiple resonator round-trips without significant deterioration of its temporal and transverse profiles. Addressing this task, we elaborated on a computer code that allows identifying the directions and priorities in the development of such a multi-pass picosecond CO2 laser. Proof-of-principle experiments help to verify the model and show the viability of the concept. In these tests we demonstrated extended trains of picosecond CO2 laser pulses circulating inside the cavity that incorporates the Compton interaction point. C1 [Pogorelsky, Igor; Polyanskiy, Mikhail N.; Yakimenko, Vitaliy] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 820M, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Platonenko, Viktor T.] Moscow Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Pogorelsky, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 820M, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010 FU BNL's LDRD [02782]; US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work is supported by the BNL's LDRD grant 02782 and the US DOE contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0617-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1086 BP 726 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJA51 UT WOS:000264166500112 ER PT S AU Lorenzo-Martin, C Ajayi, OO Singh, D Routbort, JL AF Lorenzo-Martin, C. Ajayi, O. O. Singh, D. Routbort, J. L. BE Lin, HT Zhu, D TI FRICTION AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF ZIRCONIA CERAMIC MATERIALS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES III SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID MICROSTRUCTURE; OXIDE AB Zirconia is one of the most versatile structural ceramic materials because of the range of possible microstructures, and hence mechanical properties. Toughened zirconia materials with different microstructures are currently used for tribological applications either in the monolithic forms or as coatings. In the present study, lubricated friction and wear behaviors of five different zirconia materials with different microstructures were evaluated using block-on-ring contact configuration and unformulated PAO lubricant. Tests were conducted with zirconia blocks sliding against hardened steel coated with hard MoN thin film. Although the friction behaviors of the all the tested materials are similar with average friction coefficient of 0.10 - 0.12 for all materials, significant differences were observed in their wear attributes. About a factor of 10 difference was observed in the wear rates of the materials. Although the behavior cannot be easily connected to any particular material property, in general, materials with multi-phase microstructure exhibited less wear than mono-phased materials. C1 [Lorenzo-Martin, C.; Ajayi, O. O.; Singh, D.; Routbort, J. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lorenzo-Martin, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34495-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1002/9780470456323.ch6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJD49 UT WOS:000265016500006 ER PT S AU Sun, JG AF Sun, J. G. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT TI MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL BARRIER COATING CONDUCTIVITY BY THERMAL IMAGING METHOD SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are being extensively used for improving the performance and extending the life of combustor and gas turbine components. The thermal conductivity of TBCs is usually measured by destructive methods, involving separating the ceramic coating layer from the substrate and performing laser flash measurement. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods would allow for direct determination of TBC conductivity on coated components and, therefore, they can be used to inspect the quality of as-processed components and monitor TBC degradation during service. This paper presents a multilayer thermal-modeling NDE method, which analyzes data obtained from pulsed thermal imaging to determine thermal conductivity distribution over the entire surface of a TBC specimen. The significance of various TBC parameters that dictate the thermal imaging data and the measurement accuracy is investigated. Experimental results obtained from an EBPVD TBC sample are presented and discussed to demonstrate the application of this method for TBC thermal conductivity measurement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45753-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BQI68 UT WOS:000281124900010 ER PT B AU Musculus, MPB Pickett, LM AF Musculus, M. P. B. Pickett, L. M. BE Zhao, H TI In-cylinder spray, mixing, combustion, and pollutant-formation processes in conventional and low-temperature-combustion diesel engines SO ADVANCED DIRECT INJECTION COMBUSTION ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENT, VOL 2: DIESEL ENGINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE optical diagnostics; low-temperature combustion; diesel engine; fuel sprays; pollutant emissions ID IGNITION; JETS; SOOT AB This chapter reviews the in-cylinder spray, mixing, combustion and pollutant-formation processes of three characteristic modes of diesel combustion. The first mode is conventional diesel combustion, with fuel injection near top-dead-center of the piston's stroke, and with ignition before the end of injection. The second mode is low-temperature combustion using exhaust gas recirculation, with fuel injection either earlier or later than conventional diesel engines, and with ignition after the end of injection. The third mode is also low-temperature combustion using exhaust gas recirculation, but with ignition typically before the end of injection. The chapter closes with remarks on current research needs. C1 [Musculus, M. P. B.; Pickett, L. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Musculus, MPB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mpmuscu@sandia.gov; lmpicke@sandia.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-744-0 PY 2009 BP 644 EP 675 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BOB29 UT WOS:000276098000018 ER PT S AU Cruz-Cabrera, AA Kemme, SA Wendt, JR Carter, TR Samora, S Keeler, GA Serkland, DK AF Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Kemme, S. A. Wendt, J. R. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. Keeler, G. A. Serkland, D. K. BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Fabrication of Diffractive Optics for Dense Optical Interconnects in Optical Computing SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics II CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc, NanoInk Inc, Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Ozen Engineering Inc ID ELECTROOPTIC EFFECT DEVICE AB We designed and fabricated an optical system containing high efficiency diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with large numerical apertures (NA) for an all-optical gate, based on a Symmetric Self-Electro-Optic Effect Device (S-SEED) technology. The S-SEEDs are the active elements that perform the optical switching in the optical interconnect. Multiple, off-axis DOEs are used to collect and focus light onto the S-SEEDs and the Input/Output optical fibers. Each S-SEED has at least seven input signals, two alignment signals, and two output signals. Each signal uses a DOE. DOE fabrication is relatively mature and utilizes the precise lateral alignment inherent in photolithography to produce arrays compatible with dense optical interconnects. Losses across the system have a negative impact on the S-SEED switching speeds. The primary challenge of DOEs is the diffractive optic efficiency that corresponds to high NAs. Lower efficiencies, due to requirements for large deflection angles, lead to extremely small feature sizes in the outer zones of the DOEs. We optimize DOE efficiency with modifications to the blaze geometry and by selecting the appropriate number of levels for specific deflection angles. The system layout is modified to reduce complexity by working in collimated space between the S-SEEDs instead of imaging onto relay mirrors. This reduces the spatial frequency of the DOEs and increases system tolerance by not imaging mirror defects. Finally, we quantify the effects of lithographic masks misalignment and look at the step geometry deviations and their effects on DOE efficiency. C1 [Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Kemme, S. A.; Wendt, J. R.; Keeler, G. A.; Serkland, D. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cruz-Cabrera, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7451-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7205 AR 72050M DI 10.1117/12.811598 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BST68 UT WOS:000285750500014 ER PT S AU Hjalmarson, HP Devine, RAB AF Hjalmarson, H. P. Devine, R. A. B. BE Narayanan, V Roozeboom, F Kwong, DL Iwai, H Gusev, EP Timans, PJ TI Modeling the Influence of Defects on the Electrical Response of Multi-Dielectric Gate-Stack Structures SO ADVANCED GATE STACK, SOURCE/DRAIN, AND CHANNEL ENGINEERING FOR SI-BASED CMOS 5: NEW MATERIALS, PROCESSES, AND EQUIPMENT SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Gate Stack, Source/Drain and Channel Engineering for Si-Based CMOS CY MAY 24-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID TRANSISTORS AB The effects of bulk and interface traps in a gate stack are used to explain positive-bias temperature instability (PBTI) electrical measurements. C1 [Hjalmarson, H. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-566777-09-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1149/1.3118954 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BMF53 UT WOS:000272170600029 ER PT S AU Luukka, P Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Czellar, S Eremin, V Li, Z Tuominen, E Verbitskaya, E AF Luukka, P. Harkonen, J. Tuovinen, E. Czellar, S. Eremin, V. Li, Z. Tuominen, E. Verbitskaya, E. BE Lu, J TI Characterization of radiation hard silicon materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Forum on Advanced Material Science and Technology CY JUN 12-14, 2008 CL Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Saitama Inst Technol, Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech HO Hong Kong Polytech Univ DE silicon; radiation hardness; detectors; Czochralski silicon; TCT ID DETECTORS; LHC AB Segmented silicon detectors are widely used in modern high-energy physics experiments due to their excellent spatial resolution and well-established manufacturing technology. However, in such experiments the detectors are exposed to high fluences of particle radiation, which causes irreversible crystallographic defects in the silicon material. Since 1990's, considerable amount of research has gone into improving the radiation hardness of silicon detectors. One very promising approach is to use magnetic Czochralski silicon (MCz-Si) that has been found to be more radiation hard against charged hadrons than traditional Float Zone silicon material (Fz-Si) used in the current HEP applications. Other approaches include operating the devices at cryogenic temperatures and designing special detector structures Such as p-type detectors or semi-3D detectors. In order to demonstrate that the developed technologies are suitable for the HEP experiments, it is necessary to extensively characterize the potentially radiation hard detectors. We have an excellent instrument for this, the Cryogenic Transient Current Technique (C-TCT) measurement setup, which is an effective research tool for studying heavily irradiated silicon detectors. With the C-TCT Setup it is possible to extract the full depletion voltage, effective trapping time, electric field distribution and the sign of the space charge in the silicon bulk in the temperature range of 45-300 K. This article presents a description of this setup and measurement results from detectors processed of MCz-Si. C1 [Luukka, P.; Harkonen, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Czellar, S.; Tuominen, E.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Eremin, V.; Verbitskaya, E.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, PTI, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Li, Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luukka, P (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM panja.luukka@cern.ch; jaakko.haerkoenen@cern.ch; esa.tuovinen@hut.fi; sandor.czellar@cern.ch; vladimir.eremin@cern.ch; zhengl@bnl.gov; eija.tuominen@helsinki.fi; elena.verbitskaya@cern.ch RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 614 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJH82 UT WOS:000265957600032 ER PT S AU Haerkoenen, J Tuovinen, E Luukka, P Tuominen, E Li, Z Eremin, V Verbitskaya, E AF Haerkoenen, J. Tuovinen, E. Luukka, P. Tuominen, E. Li, Z. Eremin, V. Verbitskaya, E. BE Lu, J TI Radiation Hard Ssilicon for Medical, Space and High Energy Physics Applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Forum on Advanced Material Science and Technology CY JUN 12-14, 2008 CL Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Saitama Inst Technol, Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech HO Hong Kong Polytech Univ DE silicon; radiation hardness; detectors; Czochralski silicon ID SILICON AB The objective of this paper is to give an overview on how silicon particle detector would survive operational in extremely harsh radiation environment after luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The Super-LHC Would result in an integrated fluence 1 x 10(16) p/cm(2) and that is well beyond the radiation tolerance of even the most advanced semiconductor detectors fabricated by commonly adopted technologies. The Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) has intrinsically high oxygen concentration. Therefore Cz-Si is considered as a promising material for the tracking systems in future very high luminosity colliders. The fabrication process issues of Cz-Si are discussed and the formation of thermal donors is especially emphasized. N(+)/p(-)/p(+) and p(+)/n(-)/n(+) detectors have been processed on magnetic Czochralski (MCz-Si) wafers. We show measurement data of AC-coupled strip detectors and single pad detectors as well as experimental results of intentional TD doping. Data of spatial homogeneity of electrical properties, full depletion voltage and leakage current, is shown and n and p-type devices are compared. Our results show that it is possible to manufacture high quality n(+)/p(-)/p(+) and p(+)/n(-)/n(+) particle detectors from high resistivity Czochralski silicon. C1 [Haerkoenen, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Luukka, P.; Tuominen, E.] CERN PH, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Li, Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Eremin, V.; Verbitskaya, E.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. RP Haerkoenen, J (reprint author), CERN PH, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM jaakko.haerkoenen@cern.ch; zhengl@bnl.gov; elena.verbitskaya@cern.ch RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 614 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJH82 UT WOS:000265957600033 ER PT S AU Knop-Gericke, A Kleimenov, E Havecker, M Blume, R Teschner, D Zafeiratos, S Schlogl, R Bukhtiyarov, VI Kaichev, VV Prosvirin, IP Nizovskii, AI Bluhm, H Barinov, A Dudin, P Kiskinova, M AF Knop-Gericke, Axel Kleimenov, Evgueni Haevecker, Michael Blume, Raoul Teschner, Detre Zafeiratos, Spiros Schloegl, Robert Bukhtiyarov, Valerii I. Kaichev, Vasily V. Prosvirin, Igor P. Nizovskii, Alexander I. Bluhm, Hendrik Barinov, Alexei Dudin, Pavel Kiskinova, Maya BE Gates, BC Knozinger, H TI X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Investigation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes SO ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS, VOL 52 SE Advances in Catalysis LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; IN-SITU XPS; REFLECTION-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; CO OXIDATION REACTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION XPS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ETHYLENE EPOXIDATION AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is commonly applied for the characterization of surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum apparatus, but the application of XPS at elevated pressures has been known for more than 35 years. This chapter is a description of the development of XPS as a novel method to characterize surfaces of catalysts under reaction conditions. This technique offers opportunities for determination of correlations between the electronic surface structures of active catalysts and the catalytic activity, which can be characterized simultaneously by analysis of gas-phase products. Apparatus used for XPS investigations of samples in reactive atmospheres is described here; the application of synchrotron radiation allows the determination of depth profiles in the catalyst, made possible by changes in the photon energy. The methods are illustrated with examples including methanol oxidation on copper and ethene epoxidation on silver. Correlations between the abundance of surface oxygen species and yields of selective oxidation products are presented in detail. Further examples include CO adsorption and methanol decomposition on palladium and CO oxidation on ruthenium. C1 [Knop-Gericke, Axel; Haevecker, Michael; Blume, Raoul; Teschner, Detre; Schloegl, Robert] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Kleimenov, Evgueni] ETH, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Zafeiratos, Spiros] CNRS, UMR 7515, LMPSC, F-67087 Strasbourg 2, France. [Bukhtiyarov, Valerii I.; Kaichev, Vasily V.; Prosvirin, Igor P.; Nizovskii, Alexander I.] Boreskov Inst Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barinov, Alexei; Dudin, Pavel; Kiskinova, Maya] Sincrotrone Trieste, Microscopy Sect, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Knop-Gericke, A (reprint author), Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Bukhtiyarov, Valerii/E-9487-2012; Kaichev, Vasily/M-2923-2013 OI Bukhtiyarov, Valerii/0000-0003-4382-1207; Kaichev, Vasily/0000-0002-1516-2817 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [04-03-32667, 06-03-33020] FX The authors thank the staff of BESSY for help in carrying Out experiments. V.I.B. and V.V.K. gratefully acknowledge the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 04-03-32667 and 06-03-33020) for partial Support of this work. NR 166 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 21 U2 146 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0360-0564 BN 978-0-12-374336-7 J9 ADV CATAL JI Adv. Catal. PY 2009 VL 52 BP 213 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0360-0564(08)00004-7 PG 60 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BJC21 UT WOS:000264678800004 ER PT S AU Sun, X Lai, KC Gorsich, T Templeton, DW AF Sun, Xin Lai, Kevin C. Gorsich, Tara Templeton, Douglas W. BE Franks, LP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI OPTIMIZING TRANSPARENT ARMOR DESIGN SUBJECT TO PROJECTILE IMPACT CONDITIONS SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR IV SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div AB Design and manufacturing of transparent armor have been historically carried Out Using experimental approaches. In this Study, we use advanced computational modeling tools to perform virtual design evaluations of transparent armor Systems under different projectile impact conditions. AHPCRC developed modeling software EPIC'06 [1] is used in predicting the penetration resistance of transparent armor systems. LaGrangian-based finite element analyses combined with particle dynamics are used to simulate the damage initiation and propagation process for the armor system under impact conditions. It is found that a I-parameter single state model can be used to predict the impact penetration depth with relatively good accuracy. suggesting that the finely comminuted glass particles follow the behavior similar to a viscous fluid. Even though the intact strength of borosilicate and soda lime glass arc different. the same fractured strength can be used for both glasses to capture the penetration depth. C1 [Sun, Xin; Lai, Kevin C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6-08,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34497-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BIY51 UT WOS:000263707400002 ER PT S AU Daloz, WL Wereszczak, AA Jadaan, OM AF Daloz, W. L. Wereszczak, A. A. Jadaan, O. M. BE Franks, LP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI APPARENT YIELD STRENGTH OF HOT-PRESSED SiCs SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR IV SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID INDENTATION; TRANSITION; CERAMICS; LOAD AB Apparent yield strengths (Y(APP)) of four hot-pressed silicon carbides (SiC-B, SiC-N, SiC-HPN, and SiC-SC-1RN) were estimated using diamond spherical or Hertzian indentation and the considerations of the von Mises and Tresca yield criteria. The developed test method was robust, simple and quick to execute, enabling the acquisition of confident sampling statistics. The choice of indenter size, test method, and method of analysis are described. The compressive force necessary to initiate apparent yielding was identified postmortem using differential interference contrast (or Nomarski) imaging with an optical microscope. It was found that the Y(APP) c-if SiC-HPN (14.0 GPa) was approximately 10% higher than the equivalently valued Y(APP) of SiC-B, SiC-N, and SiC-SC-IRN. This distinction ill Y(APP) shows that the use of this test method could be valuable because there were no differences among the average Knoop hardnesses of the four SiC grades. C1 [Daloz, W. L.; Wereszczak, A. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Daloz, WL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34497-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 107 EP 118 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BIY51 UT WOS:000263707400011 ER PT S AU Hsueh, CH AF Hsueh, C. H. BE Xiao, P Ralph, B TI Stresses in Multilayered Ceramics Subjected to Biaxial Flexure Tests SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATERIALS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Modelling; Multilayer; Biaxial Strength ID LAMINATE VENEERING MATERIAL; ON-RING TESTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL CERAMICS; Y-TZP; CEMENT LUTE; STRENGTH; PORCELAIN; FRACTURE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Although standard test methods for biaxial strength measurements of ceramics have been established and the corresponding formulas for relating the biaxial strength to the fracture load have been approved by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and International Organization for Standardization, respectively, they are limited to the case of monolayered discs. Despite the increasing applications of multilayered ceramics, characterization of their strengths using biaxial flexure tests has been difficult because the analytical description of the relation between the strength and the fracture load for multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests is unavailable until recently. Using ring-on-ring tests as an example, the closed-form solutions for stresses in (i) monolayered discs based on ASTM formulas, (ii) bilayered discs based on Roark's formulas, and (iii) multilayered discs based on Hsueh et al.'s formulas are reviewed in the present study. Finite element results for ring-on-rings tests performed on (i) zirconia monolayered discs, (ii) dental crown materials of porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs, and (iii) solid oxide fuel cells trilayered discs are also presented to validate the closed-form solutions. With Hsueh et al.'s formulas, the biaxial strength of multilayered ceramics can be readily evaluated using biaxial flexure tests. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 606 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BKL32 UT WOS:000268421600006 ER PT S AU Shen, YF Page, JS Smith, RD AF Shen, Yufeng Page, Jason S. Smith, Richard D. BE Grushka, E Grinberg, N TI Advanced Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics SO ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY, VOL 47 SE Advances in Chromatography LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NANOELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY; MONOLITHIC COLUMNS; RPLC SEPARATIONS; PLASMA PROTEOME; DYNAMIC-RANGE; ESI-MS/MS; ELECTROSPRAY; EMITTERS; ONLINE C1 [Shen, Yufeng; Page, Jason S.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shen, YF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU National Institute of Health (NIH); National Center for Research Resources [RR 018522]; NIH National Cancer Institute [R21 CA12619-01]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [YI-AI-4894-01]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX Portions of this work were funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH) National Center for Research Resources (RR 018522) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the NIH National Cancer Institute (R21 CA12619-01), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS through interagency agreement YI-AI-4894-01), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Experimental portions of this research were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE national Scientific user facility also located at PNNL which is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0065-2415 BN 978-1-4200-6036-2 J9 ADV CHROMATOGR JI Adv. Chromatogr. PY 2009 VL 47 BP 31 EP 58 D2 10.1201/9781420060379 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJG34 UT WOS:000265605000002 ER PT B AU Gurvits, L AF Gurvits, Leonid BE Kotsireas, IS Zima, EV TI On multivariate Newton-like inequalities SO ADVANCES IN COMBINATORIAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Waterloo Workshop on Computer Algebra (WWCA 2008) CY MAY 05-07, 2008 CL Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, CANADA HO Wilfrid Laurier Univ ID POLYNOMIALS AB We study multivariate entire functions and polynomials with non-negative coefficients. A class of Strongly Log-Concave entire functions, generalizing Minkowski volume polynomials, is introduced: an entire function f in in variables is called Strongly Log-Concave if the function (partial derivative x(1))(c1)... (partial derivative x(m))(cm) f is either zero or log ((partial derivative x(1))(c1) ... (partial derivative x(m))(cm) f) is concave on R(+)(m) We start with yet another point of view (of propagation) on the standard univariate (or homogeneous bivariate) Newton Inequalities. We prove analogues of the Newton Inequalities in the multivariate Strongly Log-Concave case. One of the corollaries of our new Newton-like inequalities is the fact that the support supp(f) of a Strongly Log-Concave entire function f is pseudo-convex (D-convex in our notation). The proofs are based on a natural convex relaxation of the derivatives Derf(r(1), ... ,r(m)) of f at zero and on the lower bounds on Der(f)(r(1), ... ,r(m)), which generalize the van der Waerden-Egorychev-Falikman inequality for the permanent of doubly-stochastic matrices. A few open questions are posed in the final section. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM gurvits@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-03561-6 PY 2009 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03562-3_4 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BQB31 UT WOS:000280555300004 ER PT S AU Ubic, R Subodh, G Sebastian, MT Gout, D Proffen, T AF Ubic, Rick Subodh, Ganesanpotti Sebastian, Mailadil T. Gout, Delphine Proffen, Thomas BE Nair, KM Suvorov, D Schwartz, RW Guo, R TI EFFECTIVE SIZE OF VACANCIES IN THE Sr1-3x/2CexTiO3 SUPERSTRUCTURE SO ADVANCES IN ELECTROCERAMIC MATERIALS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITES; NEUTRON; TRANSITION AB Four compositions in the Sr2-3x/2CexTiO3 homologous series corresponding to x = 0.1333, 0.1667, 0.1818, 0.25, and 0.4 have been synthesized by mixed-oxide processing and crystallographically characterized by electron diffraction. A non-cubic perovskite superlattice is observed for each composition caused by antiphase octahedral tilting. The degree of tilt increases with increasing x. Structural refinements of neutron diffraction data previously published indicate that the A-site size decreases with increasing x, but not as much as would be expected if vacancies were truly zero-dimensional defects; instead, A-site vacancies posses an effective finite size, presumably due to mutual repulsion of the coordinating oxygen ions. Based on these results, modifications to the predictive formula for pseudocubic lattice constant are proposed and seem successful for several systems with disordered A-site vacancies. C1 [Ubic, Rick] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Subodh, Ganesanpotti; Sebastian, Mailadil T.] Natl Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. [Gout, Delphine; Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ubic, R (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI SEBASTIAN, Mailadil/C-2818-2009; TVM, NIIST/E-5132-2012; ganesanpotti, Subodh/N-9831-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI SEBASTIAN, Mailadil/0000-0003-4039-8685; TVM, NIIST/0000-0002-5814-466X; ganesanpotti, Subodh/0000-0002-6784-094X; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40844-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 204 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470528990.ch20 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BTM16 UT WOS:000287276300020 ER PT S AU de Jonge, N AF de Jonge, Niels BE Hawkes, PW TI Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources for Electron Microscopes SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 156 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID FIELD-EMISSION; SOURCE BRIGHTNESS; WORK FUNCTION; BEAM; GROWTH; TIPS; DAMAGE C1 [de Jonge, Niels] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [de Jonge, Niels] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP de Jonge, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI de Jonge, Niels/B-5677-2008 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-374762-4 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2009 VL 156 BP 203 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(08)01403-1 PG 31 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIX64 UT WOS:000263622000003 ER PT S AU Wall, JS Simon, MN Hainfeld, JF AF Wall, Joseph S. Simon, Martha N. Hainfeld, James F. BA Hawkes, PW BF Hawkes, PW TI History of the STEM at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 159: COLD FIELD EMISSION AND THE SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS HEMOGLOBIN; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; FILAMENTS ASSEMBLED INVITRO; PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENTS; HIGHER-ORDER STRUCTURE; VIRUS GAG PARTICLES; SV40 T-ANTIGEN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS C1 [Wall, Joseph S.; Simon, Martha N.; Hainfeld, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11073 USA. RP Wall, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11073 USA. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-374986-4 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2009 VL 159 BP 101 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(09)59003-9 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BMF72 UT WOS:000272201800003 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, Paul TI A Possible Approach to Inclusion of Space and Time in Frame Fields of Quantum Representations of Real and Complex Numbers SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This work is based on the field of reference frames based on quantum representations of real and complex numbers described in other work. Here frame domains are expanded to include space and time lattices. Strings of qukits are described as hybrid systems as they are both mathematical and physical systems. As mathematical systems they represent numbers. As physical systems in each frame the strings have a discrete Schrodinger dynamics on the lattices. The frame field has an iterative structure such that the contents of a stage j frame have images in a stage j - 1 (parent) frame. A discussion of parent frame images includes the proposal that points of stage j frame lattices have images as hybrid systems in parent frames. The resulting association of energy with images of lattice point locations, as hybrid systems states, is discussed. Representations and images of other physical systems in the different frames are also described. Copyright (C) 2009 Paul Benioff. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9120 J9 ADV MATH PHYS JI Adv. Math. Phys. PY 2009 AR 452738 DI 10.1155/2009/452738 PG 22 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25FA UT WOS:000208462700001 ER PT S AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, Paul BE Mahdavi, K Koslover, D TI Reference Frame Fields based on Quantum Theory Representations of Real and Complex Numbers SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM COMPUTATION SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Representation Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Category Theory, and Quantum Information Theory CY SEP 20-23, 2007 CL Univ Texas Tylere, Tyler, TX SP NSF HO Univ Texas Tylere DE Quantum Numbers; Qukit Strings; Frame Fields ID SET-THEORY; COHERENT THEORY; MATHEMATICS; PRINCIPLE; INFORMATION; MECHANICS; PHYSICS; GRAVITY AB A quantum theory representations of real (R) and complex (C) numbers is given that is based on states of single, finite strings of qukits for any base k >= 2. Arithmetic and transformation properties of these states are given, both for basis states representing rational numbers and linear super-positions of these states. Both unary representations and the possibility that qukits with k a prime number are elementary and the rest composite are discussed. Cauchy sequences of q(k) string states are defined from the arithmetic properties. The representations of R and C, as equivalence classes of these sequences, differ from classical representations as kit string states in two ways: the freedom of choice of basis states, and the fact that each quantum theory representation is part of a mathematical structure that is itself based on the real and complex numbers. In particular, states of qukit strings are elements of Hilbert spaces, which are vector spaces over the complex field. These aspects enable the description of 3 dimensional frame fields labeled by different k values, different, basis or gauge choices, and different iteration stages. The reference frames in the field are based on each R and C representation where each frame contains representations of all physical theories as mathematical structures based on the R and C representation. Some approaches to integrating this work with physics are described. It is observed that R and C values of physical quantities, matrix elements, etc. which are viewed in a frame as elementary and featureless, are seen in a parent frame as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of states of qukit strings. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4627-8 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2009 VL 482 BP 125 EP 163 PG 39 WC Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BJF08 UT WOS:000265378200006 ER PT S AU Sulc, R Blackwell, JM Younkin, TR Putna, ES Esswein, K DiPasquale, AG Callahan, R Tsubaki, H Tsuchihashi, T AF Sulc, Robert Blackwell, James M. Younkin, Todd R. Putna, E. Steve Esswein, Katherine DiPasquale, Antonio G. Callahan, Ryan Tsubaki, Hideaki Tsuchihashi, Tooru BE Henderson, CL TI Aryl Sulfonates as Neutral Photoacid Generators (PAGs) for EUV Lithography SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXVI CY FEB 23-25, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography; EUV; EUVL; Photoresist; 32 nm hp; Micro-Exposure Tool; MET; Non-ionic; Neutral; Photoacid Generator; PAG; Sulfonate; Chemically Amplified Resist; Patterning ID RESISTS; BONDS; VINYL AB EUV lithography (EUVL) is a leading candidate for printing sub-32 nm hp patterns. In order for EUVL to be commercially viable at these dimensions, a continuous evolution of the photoresist material set is required to simultaneously meet the aggressive specifications for resolution, resist sensitivity, LWR, and outgassing rate. Alternative PAG designs, especially if tailored for EUVL, may aid in the formation of a material set that helps achieve these aggressive targets. We describe the preparation, characterization, and lithographic evaluation of aryl sulfonates as non-ionic or neutral photoacid generators (PAGs) for EUVL. Full lithographic characterization is reported for our first generation resist formulation using compound H, MAP-1H-2.5. It is benchmarked against MAP-1P-5.0, which contains the well-known sulfonium PAG, triphenylsulfonium triflate (compound P). Z-factor analysis indicates nZ(32) = 81.4 and 16.8 respectively, indicating that our first generation aryl sulfonate formulations require about 4.8x improvement to match the results achieved with a model onium PAG. Improving the acid generation efficiency and use of the generated byproducts is key to the continued optimization of this class of PAGs. To that end, we believe EI-MS fragmentation patterns and molecular simulations can be used to understand and optimize the nature and efficiency of electron-induced PAG fragmentation. C1 [Sulc, Robert; Blackwell, James M.] LBNL Mol Foundry, Intels Mol Adv Patterning MAP Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sulc, R (reprint author), LBNL Mol Foundry, Intels Mol Adv Patterning MAP Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7526-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7273 AR 72733R DI 10.1117/12.814279 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BZN57 UT WOS:000302151700116 ER PT S AU Liu, WN Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Khaleel, M. A. BE Singh, P Bansal, NP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI EFFECT OF INTERCONNECT CREEP ON LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF SOFC OF ONE CELL STACKS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS IV SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID STAINLESS-STEEL AB High temperature ferritic alloys are potential candidates as interconnect (IC) materials and spacers due to their low cost and CTE compatibility with other SOFC components for most of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) under development in the SECA program. Possible creep deformation of IC under the typical cell operating temperature should not be neglected. In this paper, the effects of interconnect creep behavior on stack geometry change and stress redistribution of different cell components are predicted and summarized. The goal Of the Study is to investigate the performance of the fuel cell stack by obtaining the fuel and air channel geometry changes due to creep of the ferritic stainless steel interconnect. therefore indicating possible SOPC performance change under long term operations. IC creep models were incorporated into SOFC-MP and Mentat FC, and Finite element analyses were performed to quantify the deformed configuration of the SOFC stack Under the long term steady state operating temperature. It is found that creep behavior of the terrific stainless steel IC contributes to narrowing of both the fuel and the air flow channels. In addition. stress re-distribution of the cell components suggests the need for a compliant sealing material that also relaxes at Operating temperature. C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34496-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1002/9780470456309.ch5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJE31 UT WOS:000265135000005 ER PT S AU Cruse, TA Krumpelt, M Ingram, BJ Wang, S Salvador, PA AF Cruse, T. A. Krumpelt, M. Ingram, B. J. Wang, S. Salvador, P. A. BE Singh, P Bansal, NP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI EXAMINATION OF CHROMIUM'S EFFECTS ON A LSM/YSZ SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL CATHODE SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID SR-DOPED LAMNO3; METALLIC INTERCONNECT; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; VAPORIZATION; ELECTRODES; DEPOSITION; CR2O3; AIR; SEPARATOR; MECHANISM AB The work presented here was conducted to improve the understanding of the mechanism by which chromium affects solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. Anode (Ni/8YSZ) supported single cells (8YSZ electrolyte and LSM/8YSZ active cathode) were purchased from InDEC and operated under various conditions; 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C at several current densities. E-Brite(R) interconnects were used for Current collection on the cathode, and provided the source of chromium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine chromium's interactions, phases and distribution. Decreasing temperature and/or increasing the applied current results in a decrease in cell operating potential and an increase in rate of cell potential degradation. SEM analysis shows different chromium distribution under the channels of the interconnect compared Willi under the ribs (point of physical contact). SEM and TEM analysis shows the influence of the operating conditions on the degradation of the cathode microstructure by Chromium. The operating cell potential, which is influenced by several factors. affects the degradation rate of solid oxide fuel cells in the presence of volatile chromium species. C1 [Cruse, T. A.; Krumpelt, M.; Ingram, B. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, S.; Salvador, P. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Cruse, TA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34496-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470456309.ch14 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJE31 UT WOS:000265135000014 ER PT S AU King, DL Strohm, JJ Singh, P AF King, D. L. Strohm, J. J. Singh, P. BE Singh, P Bansal, NP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI EVOLUTION OF NI-YSZ MICROSTRUCTURE AND ITS RELATION TO STEAM REFORMING ACTIVITY AND YSZ PHASE STABILITY SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS IV SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID NATURAL-GAS; ZIRCONIA; SYSTEMS; ANODES AB Internal steam reforming, also known as "on-anode" reforming, of methane has been extensively Studied oil Ni-YSZ (5Y and 8Y) cermet anode electrode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Experiments performed in "plug flow and plate" reactors indicate that (lie inherent activity of Ni-YSZ cermet anode remains highly dependent upon the pretreatment and reduction procedures employed. During reductive pretreatment of the anode, small Ni crystallites have been observed to exolve from the YSZ to provide a significant component to the initial enhanced catalytic activity. This activity decreases with time as the small Ni crystallites sinter. Control of this microstructure is key to controlling and stabilizing the Ion, term reformation rates and thermal gradients along the anode. Experiments performed on Ni-5YSZ cermet anode similarly indicated initial NiO dissolution in 5YSZ and increase in the amount Of undesirable monoclinic phase. The exolution of Ni crystallites during reduction results in a reduction in the monoclinic phase. With 8YSZ, nickel also dissolves and exolves from the YSZ particles but no monoclinic phase is observed. Thermal gradient management is dependent upon controlling the reforming activity along the length of the anode. C1 [King, D. L.; Strohm, J. J.; Singh, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34496-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1002/9780470456309.ch15 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJE31 UT WOS:000265135000015 ER PT S AU Thevuthasan, S Yu, Z Kuchibhatla, S Saraf, LV Marina, OA Shutthanandan, V Nachimuthu, P Wang, CM AF Thevuthasan, S. Yu, Z. Kuchibhatla, S. Saraf, L. V. Marina, O. A. Shutthanandan, V. Nachimuthu, P. Wang, C. M. BE Singh, P Bansal, NP Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI OXYGEN ION CONDUCTANCE IN EPITAXIALLY GROWN THIN FILM ELECTROLYTES SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SCANDIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; DOPED ZIRCONIA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NB-AL2O3 INTERFACES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; CERIA; HETEROSTRUCTURES; 500-DEGREES-C AB This paper briefly summarizes the results front a project aimed to develop an understanding of oxygen g ionic transport processes in highly oriented thin film oxide materials to enable the design of new types of electrolyte materials for solid state electrochemical devices. We have used oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE) to grow highly oriented doped ceria. zriconia thin films on single crystal c-Al2O3 along with multilayered hetero-structures. The influence of dopant concentration. interfaces. defects and crystalline quality on oxygen ionic conductivity has been critically analyzed using various surface and bulk sensitive capabilities. Although. preferred (111) orientation was preserved in high quality samaria doped ceria films up to a 10 atom% Sm doping, the films started to show polycrystalline features for higher Sin doping. Maximum conductivity was obtained for 5 atom% Sm doping in ceria. In the case of gadolinia doped ceria/zirconia multi-layer films, total conductivity was found to increase with the increasing number of layers. C1 [Thevuthasan, S.; Kuchibhatla, S.; Saraf, L. V.; Marina, O. A.; Shutthanandan, V.; Nachimuthu, P.; Wang, C. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yu, Z.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Kuchibhatla, S.] Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kuchibhatla, S.] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM theva@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34496-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 229 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470456309.ch21 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJE31 UT WOS:000265135000021 ER PT J AU Soroush, M AF Soroush, Masoud TI Constraints on meta-stable de Sitter flux vacua SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREAKING SOFT TERMS; N=2 SUPERGRAVITY; STRING THEORY; MODELS; POTENTIALS AB We consider flux compactification of type IIB string theory as the orientifold limit of an F-theory on a Calabi-Yau 4-fold. We show that when supersymmetry is dominantly broken by the axion-dilaton and the contributions of the F-terms associated with complex structure moduli are small, the Hessian of the flux potential always has tachyonic modes for de Sitter vacua. This implies that there exist no meta-stable de Sitter vacua in this limit. Moreover, we find that the stability requirement imposes a relation between the values of cosmological constant and the scale of supersymmetry-breaking for non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua in this limit. The proof is general and does not rely on the details of the geometry of the compact Calabi-Yau internal space. We finally analyze the consequences of these constraints on the statistics of meta-stable de Sitter vacua and address some other related issues. C1 [Soroush, Masoud] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Soroush, Masoud] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Soroush, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM soroush@stanford.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1095-0761 EI 1095-0753 J9 ADV THEOR MATH PHYS JI Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 1 BP 187 EP 215 PG 29 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 409PF UT WOS:000263517600006 ER PT S AU Efetov, KB Kharitonov, MY AF Efetov, K. B. Kharitonov, M. Yu. BE Lebedev, V Feigelman, M TI Effect of magnetic field on transport in granular materials. SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Landau Memorial Conference on Advances in Theoretical Physics CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Chernogolovka, RUSSIA SP Russian Fdn Basic Res, Dynasty Fdn, Russian Acad Sci, RAO UES Russia DE grains; intergrain tunnelling; Coulomb blockade; Hall resistivity ID ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSITION AB We review properties of electron transport in granular materials in the presence of a weak magnetic field. In addition to longitudinal responses we present results for the Hall conductivity and resistivity. We demonstrate that, at sufficiently high temperatures when Coulomb blockade effects can be neglected, the Hall resistivity does not depend on the tunnelling amplitude between the grains and gives information about the interior of the grains. At lower temperatures this quantity acquires a logarithmic in temperature contribution in all dimensions of the array of the grains. In the limit of very low temperatures the dependence of the Hall resistivity on temperature is similar to the one for homogeneously disordered metals. C1 [Efetov, K. B.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Theoret Phys, Bochum, Germany. [Kharitonov, M. Yu.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Efetov, KB (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Theoret Phys, Bochum, Germany. RI Efetov, Konstantin/H-8852-2013 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0671-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1134 BP 83 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BKM91 UT WOS:000268615300011 ER PT S AU Muller, M Fritz, L Sachdev, S Schmalian, J AF Mueller, Markus Fritz, Lars Sachdev, Subir Schmalian, Joerg BE Lebedev, V Feigelman, M TI Relativistic magnetotransport in graphene SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Landau Memorial Conference on Advances in Theoretical Physics CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Chernogolovka, RUSSIA SP Russian Fdn Basic Res, Dynasty Fdn, Russian Acad Sci, RAO UES Russia DE Graphene; relativistic fluids; magnetohydrodynamics; magnetotransport; Boltzmann equation ID NONZERO-TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; CRITICAL-POINTS; SCATTERING AB We study the thermal and electric transport of a fluid of interacting Dirac fermions as they arise in single-layer graphene. We include Coulomb interactions, a dilute density of charged impurities and the presence of a magnetic field to describe both the static and the low frequency response as a function of temperature T and chemical potential mu. In the critical regime mu <= T where both bands above and below the Dirac point contribute to transport we find pronounced deviations from Fermi liquid behavior, universal, collision-dominated values for transport coefficients and a cyclotron resonance of collective nature. In the collision-dominated high temperature regime the linear thermoelectric transport coefficients are shown to obey the constraints of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics which we derive microscopically from Boltzmann theory. The latter also allows us to describe the crossover to disorder-dominated Fermi liquid behavior at large doping and low temperatures, as well as the crossover to the ballistic regime at high fields. C1 [Mueller, Markus] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fritz, Lars; Sachdev, Subir] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmalian, Joerg] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Fritz, Lars/F-2934-2010; Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Fritz, Lars/K-8722-2013; Sachdev, Subir/A-8781-2013 OI Sachdev, Subir/0000-0002-2432-7070 FU Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research [PA002-113151 (MM)]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FR 2627/1-1 (LF)]; NSF [DMR- 0757145 (SS)]; Ames Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358 (JS)] FX This research was supported by the Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research under grant PA002-113151 (MM); by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant FR 2627/1-1 (LF); by the NSF under grant DMR- 0757145 (SS), and by the Ames Laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 (JS). NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0671-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1134 BP 170 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BKM91 UT WOS:000268615300022 ER PT S AU Livescu, D Ristorcelli, JR AF Livescu, D. Ristorcelli, J. R. BE Eckhardt, B TI Mixing asymmetry in variable density turbulence SO ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XII - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH EUROMECH EUROPEAN TURBULENCE CONFERENCE SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th EUROMECH European Turbulence Conference CY SEP 07-10, 2009 CL Marburg, GERMANY C1 [Livescu, D.; Ristorcelli, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Livescu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM livescu@lanl.gov OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-642-03085-7 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2009 VL 132 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03085-7_131 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BRU17 UT WOS:000283677800130 ER PT S AU Knoblauch, D Hess-Flores, M Duchaineau, M Kuester, F AF Knoblauch, Daniel Hess-Flores, Mauricio Duchaineau, Mark Kuester, Falko BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Kuno, Y Wang, J Pajarola, R Lindstrom, P Hinkenjann, A Encarnacao, ML Silva, CT Coming, D TI Factorization of Correspondence and Camera Error for Unconstrained Dense Correspondence Applications SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, intel, digitalPersona, EQUINOX, hp, Ford, Mitsubishi, GE, iCORE, Delphi Toyota, VOLT, MSDN Magazine AB A correspondence and camera error analysis for dense correspondence applications such as structure from motion is introduced. This provides error introspection, opening up the possibility of adaptively and progressively applying more expensive correspondence and camera parameter estimation methods to reduce these errors. The presented algorithm evaluates the given correspondences and camera parameters based on an error generated through simple triangulation. This triangulation is based on the given dense, non-epipolar constraint, correspondences and estimated camera parameters. This provides an error map without requiring any information about the perfect solution or making assumptions about the scene. The resulting error is a combination of correspondence and camera parameter errors. An simple, fast low/high pass filter error factorization is introduced, allowing for the separation of correspondence error and camera error. Further analysis of the resulting error maps is applied to allow efficient iterative improvement of correspondences and cameras. C1 [Knoblauch, Daniel; Kuester, Falko] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hess-Flores, Mauricio] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Duchaineau, Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Knoblauch, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-10330-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5875 BP 720 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPI81 UT WOS:000278937300067 ER PT S AU Riensche, RM Lewis, RR AF Riensche, Roderick M. Lewis, Robert R. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Kuno, Y Wang, J Pajarola, R Lindstrom, P Hinkenjann, A Encarnacao, ML Silva, CT Coming, D TI Modeling and Rendering Physically-Based Wood Combustion SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, intel, digitalPersona, EQUINOX, hp, Ford, Mitsubishi, GE, iCORE, Delphi Toyota, VOLT, MSDN Magazine ID SOLID FUELS; PYROLYSIS AB Rendering of wood combustion has received some attention recently, but prior work has not incorporated effects of internal wood properties such as density variation (i.e. "grain") and pre-combustion processes such as drying. In this paper we present the status and results of our extensions to prior work of others in the graphics community, leveraging insights and modeling results from physical science fields to simulate the influence of wood grain and moisture on the speed and pattern of decomposition of a burning wooden object. C1 [Riensche, Roderick M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lewis, Robert R.] Washington State Univ, Sch EECS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Riensche, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rmr@pnl.gov; bobl@tricity.wsu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-10330-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5875 BP 896 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPI81 UT WOS:000278937300083 ER PT S AU Moreland, K AF Moreland, Kenneth BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Kuno, Y Wang, J Pajarola, R Lindstrom, P Hinkenjann, A Encarnacao, ML Silva, CT Coming, D TI Diverging Color Maps for Scientific Visualization SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, intel, digitalPersona, EQUINOX, hp, Ford, Mitsubishi, GE, iCORE, Delphi Toyota, VOLT, MSDN Magazine AB One of the most fundamental features of scientific visualization is the process of mapping scalar values to colors. This process allows us to view scalar fields by coloring surfaces and volumes. Unfortunately, the majority of scientific visualization tools still use a color map that is famous for its ineffectiveness: the rainbow color map. This color map, which naively sweeps through the most saturated colors, is well known for its ability to obscure data, introduce artifacts, and confuse users. Although many alternate color maps have been proposed, none have achieved widespread adoption by the visualization community for scientific visualization. This paper explores the use of diverging color maps (sometimes also called ratio, bipolar, or double-ended color maps) for use in scientific visualization, provides a diverging color map that generally performs well in scientific visualization applications, and presents an algorithm that allows users to easily generate their own customized color maps. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moreland, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-10519-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5876 BP 92 EP 103 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPM35 UT WOS:000279247100009 ER PT S AU Barber, SK Soldate, P Anderson, EH Cambie, R Marchesini, S McKinney, WR Takacs, PZ Voronov, DL Yashchuk, VV AF Barber, Samuel K. Soldate, Paul Anderson, Erik H. Cambie, Rossana Marchesini, Stefano McKinney, Wayne R. Takacs, Peter Z. Voronov, Dmitriy L. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays for calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers: recent developments SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IV CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface metrology; surface profilometer; interferometric microscope; modulation transfer function; MTF; power spectral density; PSD; calibration; error reduction; fabrication tolerances; metrology of x-ray optics ID X-RAYS; TARGETS AB The major problem of measurement of a power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the surface heights with surface profilometers arises due to the unknown Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the instruments. The MTF tends to distort the PSD at higher spatial frequencies. It has been suggested [Proc. SPIE 7077-7, (2007), Opt. Eng. 47 (7), 073602-1-5 (2008)] that the instrumental MTF of a surface profiler can be precisely measured using standard test surfaces based on binary pseudo-random (BPR) patterns. In the cited work, a one dimensional (1D) realization of the suggested method based on use of BPR gratings has been demonstrated. Here, we present recent achievements made in fabricating and using two-dimensional (2D) BPR arrays that allow for a direct 2D calibration of the instrumental MTF. The 2D BPRAs were used as standard test surfaces for 2D MTF calibration of the Micromap (TM)-570 interferometric microscope with all available objectives. The effects of fabrication imperfections on the efficiency of calibration are also discussed. C1 [Barber, Samuel K.; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Marchesini, Stefano; McKinney, Wayne R.; Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barber, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7738-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7448 AR 744803 DI 10.1117/12.825389 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BRX38 UT WOS:000283843300002 ER PT S AU Conley, R Bouet, N Biancarosa, J Shen, Q Boas, L Feraca, J Rosenbaum, L AF Conley, Ray Bouet, Nathalie Biancarosa, James Shen, Qun Boas, Larry Feraca, John Rosenbaum, Leonard BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI The NSLS-II Multilayer Laue Lens Deposition System SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IV CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE thin film; multilayer; Laue lens; sputter; deposition; x-ray; optics AB The NSLS-II([1]) program has a requirement for an unprecedented level of x-ray nanofocusing and has selected the wedged multilayer Laue lens([2,3]) (MLL) as the optic of choice to meet this goal. In order to fabricate the MLL a deposition system capable of depositing depth-graded and laterally-graded multilayers with precise thickness control over many thousands of layers, with total film growth in one run up to 100 mu m thick or greater is required. This machine design expounds on the positive features of a rotary deposition system([4]) constructed previously for MLLs and will contain multiple stationary, horizontally-oriented magnetron sources. A transport will move a substrate back and forth in a linear fashion over shaped apertures at well-defined velocities to affect a multilayer coating. C1 [Conley, Ray; Bouet, Nathalie; Biancarosa, James; Shen, Qun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Expt Facil Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Conley, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Expt Facil Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rconley@bnl.gov RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; OI Bouet, Nathalie/0000-0002-5816-9429 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7738-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7448 AR 74480U DI 10.1117/12.842076 PG 5 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BRX38 UT WOS:000283843300022 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Barabash, RI Khounsary, A AF Ice, Gene E. Barabash, Rozaliya I. Khounsary, Ali BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Nested mirrors for X-rays and Neutrons SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IV CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Montel mirrors; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors; X-ray microfocus; neutron microfocus; nanofocus AB Montel (nested) Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors can focus X-ray and neutron beams with larger divergences into small beams than is possible with standard (sequential) Kirkpatrick-Baez optics. They also provide for a more compact focusing system and higher fluxes into small beams than with current alternatives. These attributes make Montel optics critically important for both achromatic neutron and X-ray focusing. Here we describe design rules that optimize mirror performance under various constraints, including diffraction-limited, and flux-limited focusing. We also describe first tests of optical designs that employ nesting as a way to improve neutron microfocusing optics and suggest future directions for X-ray nanofocusing optics. C1 [Ice, Gene E.; Barabash, Rozaliya I.] ORNL, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), ORNL, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM IceGE@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7738-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7448 AR 74480B DI 10.1117/12.831078 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BRX38 UT WOS:000283843300010 ER PT S AU McKinney, WR Glossinger, JM Padmore, HA Howells, MR AF McKinney, Wayne R. Glossinger, James M. Padmore, Howard A. Howells, Malcolm R. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Optical path function calculation for an incoming cylindrical wave SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IV CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical path function; toroid; synchrotron radiation; grazing incidence; x-ray optics; diaboloid ID X-RAY MIRRORS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SHADOW; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Modern polishing methods of ion-beam milling, and single atom removal techniques are beginning to allow the fabrication of arbitrary surface shapes for reflecting grazing incidence optics. Moreover, the total expense of fabrication, coating, measuring, mounting, aligning, cooling, and surrounding the optic with vacuum make the reduction of optical part count attractive for the latest generation x-ray sources, not even considering potential effects on the scattering and reflective losses of the radiation. These two developments converge to effectively suggest the question of what surface would be the optimally de-magnifying surface to replace a toroid illuminated by a wave cylindrical in the sagittal direction if the sag of the single surface were determined by a function, and not constrained to be a typical optical shape. To address this we derive a simplified case of the formalism of Chrisp, using the classical optical path function approach of Fermat to give a power series calculation of this best surface. This surface, the "diaboloid," would in principle earn its name by its, at least ab initio, consideration of being very difficult to manufacture. We show an example of improvement this surface would provide. C1 [McKinney, Wayne R.; Glossinger, James M.; Padmore, Howard A.; Howells, Malcolm R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 2R0400,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wrmckinney@lbl.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7738-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7448 AR 744809 DI 10.1117/12.828490 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BRX38 UT WOS:000283843300008 ER PT S AU Voronov, DL Anderson, EH Cambie, R Salmassi, F Gullikson, EM Yashchuk, VV Padmore, HA Ahn, M Chang, CH Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML AF Voronov, Dmitriy L. Anderson, Erik H. Cambie, Rossana Salmassi, Farhad Gullikson, Eric M. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Padmore, Howard A. Ahn, Minseung Chang, Chih-Hao Heilmann, Ralf K. Schattenburg, Mark L. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI 5000 groove/mm multilayer-coated blazed grating with 33% efficiency in the 3(rd) order in the EUV wavelength range SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IV CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE blazed grating; multilayer; EUV; soft x-rays; scanning interference lithography; anisotropic etch; microfabrication ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; FABRICATION AB We report on recent progress in developing diffraction gratings which can potentially provide extremely high spectral resolution of 105-106 in the EUV and soft x-ray photon energy ranges. Such a grating was fabricated by deposition of a multilayer on a substrate which consists of a 6-degree blazed grating with a high groove density. The fabrication of the substrate gratings was based on scanning interference lithography and anisotropic wet etch of silicon single crystals. The optimized fabrication process provided precise control of the grating periodicity, and the grating groove profile, together with very short anti-blazed facets, and near atomically smooth surface blazed facets. The blazed grating coated with 20 Mo/Si bilayers demonstrated a diffraction efficiency in the third order as high as 33% at an incidence angle of 11 and wavelength of 14.18 nm. C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Salmassi, Farhad; Gullikson, Eric M.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Padmore, Howard A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov RI Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7738-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7448 AR 74480J DI 10.1117/12.826921 PG 11 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BRX38 UT WOS:000283843300013 ER PT J AU Nico, PS Kumfer, BM Kennedy, IM Anastasio, C AF Nico, Peter S. Kumfer, Benjamin M. Kennedy, Ian M. Anastasio, Cort TI Redox Dynamics of Mixed Metal (Mn, Cr, and Fe) Ultrafine Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MANGANESE SPECIATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MICRO-XANES; IN-VITRO; CHROMIUM; IRON; TOXICITY AB The impact of particle composition on metal oxidation state, and on changes in oxidation state with simulated atmospheric aging, are investigated experimentally in flame-generated nanoparticles containing Mn, Cr, and Fe. The results demonstrate that the initial fraction of Cr(VI) within the particles decreases with increasing total metal concentration in the flame. In contrast, the initial Mn oxidation state was only partly controlled by metal loading, suggesting the importance of other factors. Two reaction pathways, one reductive and one oxidative, were found to be operating simultaneously during simulated atmospheric aging. The oxidative pathway depended upon the presence of simulated sunlight and O(3), whereas the reductive pathway occurred in the presence of simulated sunlight alone. The reductive pathway appears to be rapid but transient, allowing the oxidative pathway to dominate with longer aging times, i. e., greater than similar to 8 hours. The presence of Mn within the particles enhanced the importance of the oxidative pathway, leading to more net Cr oxidation during aging, implying that Mn can mediate oxidation by removal of electrons from other particulate metals. C1 [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumfer, Benjamin M.; Kennedy, Ian M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anastasio, Cort] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nico, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psnico@lbl.gov RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [5 P42 ES004699]; California Agricultural Experiment Station [CA-D*-LAW-6403-RR]; National Science Foundation-Earth Science [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 06CH11357]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This publication was made possible by grant number 5 P42 ES004699 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH and the contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. Additional support was provided by the California Agricultural Experiment Station (Project CA-D*-LAW-6403-RR). PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the U. S. Department of Energy- Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and theAdvanced Photon Source. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Science (EAR-0622171), Department of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466) and the State of Illinois. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02- 06CH11357. Partial support was provided by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors thank the Electron Microprobe Lab at UCD (http://microprobe. geology. ucdavis. edu/) for assistance in conducting the composition analysis. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1080/02786820802482528 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369FC UT WOS:000260678700003 PM 20046215 ER PT J AU Olfert, JS Wang, J AF Olfert, Jason S. Wang, Jian TI Dynamic Characteristics of a Fast-Response Aerosol Size Spectrometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED MOBILITY SPECTROMETER; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT AB The fast integrated mobility spectrometer (FIMS) is a highly sensitive instrument with a fast response time. The time response of the FIMS is limited by the mixing of the aerosol in the inlet of the instrument, which "smears" the detected aerosol over a range of time. The response time is also limited by the different transit times that particles experience in the instrument due to differences in particle classification trajectories. Experiments show that the difference in particle transit times can be corrected using a simple model of the particle trajectories. Furthermore, the "smearing" effects in the inlet can be corrected by de-convolving the time series of particle counts (the temporal de-convolution) in each size bin before inverting the data. The dynamic response of the FIMS was investigated by measuring an aerosol subjected to a step-change and sinusoidal-change in number concentration. The attenuation of the FIMS signal, without using the temporal de-convolution, was measured with and without an aerosol neutralizer in the FIMS inlet. Due to its large internal volume, the neutralizer significantly slows down the time response of the FIMS when installed in the inlet. For a sinusoidal signal at 0.33 Hz, the measured attenuation of the FIMS without the neutralizer was 56% versus an attenuation of 82% when the neutralizer was used. When the temporal de-convolution was applied at the same frequency, the FIMS was able to capture the full variation of the aerosol size distribution; however the random noise in the derived size distribution was amplified. C1 [Olfert, Jason S.; Wang, Jian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10866]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Brookhaven Science Associates FX This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy (DOE), under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10866, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). BNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. Jason Olfert also acknowledges partial support from the Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship from Brookhaven Science Associates. The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr. Peter Takacs for his help with the optics on the FIMS. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1080/02786820802495488 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 370OZ UT WOS:000260772800001 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Yang, J Imre, D Choi, E AF Zelenyuk, Alla Yang, Juan Imre, Dan Choi, Eric TI Achieving Size Independent Hit-Rate in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETERS; DENSITY; INSTRUMENTATION; MOBILITY; AEROSOLS AB Recent improvements in single particle mass spectrometers make it possible to optically detect, size, and characterize the compositions of individual particles with diameters larger than a micron and smaller than 100 nm. In these instruments, two stages of optical detection are used to generate a precisely timed trigger pulse that is used to fire the ion generation laser or lasers. However, experience shows that the wide particle size range results in significant differences in laser trigger timing between small and large particles. If not treated these differences produce an instrument with size dependent hit-rate. In this case the operator is forced to optimize the instrument for the desired size range, while contending with a significantly lower hit-rate for other particle sizes. This article presents an analysis of the phenomenon and demonstrates that the dependence of laser trigger timing on particle size stems from the differences in the particle position within the detection laser beam at the instant of detection. We demonstrate that it is possible to compensate for these differences by generating, for each particle, a laser trigger delay coefficient that is a function of particle's time of flight, i.e., its vacuum aerodynamic size. The study also shows that a single function can be used to eliminate the size bias for particles with a wide range of densities. C1 [Zelenyuk, Alla; Yang, Juan; Choi, Eric] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Imre, Dan] Imre Consulting, Richland, WA USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3335 Q Ave,POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov RI Yang, Juan/F-5220-2010 OI Yang, Juan/0000-0001-5502-9351 FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX We thank Dan Sisk for his help and support in developing the instrument control board. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 305 EP 310 AR PII 907765540 DI 10.1080/02786820802637915 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394HK UT WOS:000262436400002 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Yang, J Choi, E Imre, D AF Zelenyuk, Alla Yang, Juan Choi, Eric Imre, Dan TI SPLAT II: An Aircraft Compatible, Ultra-Sensitive, High Precision Instrument for In-Situ Characterization of the Size and Composition of Fine and Ultrafine Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SINGLE PARTICLES; ALPHA-PINENE; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; AERODYNAMIC LENSES; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS AB This article describes SPLAT II, a new aircraft compatible single particle mass spectrometer that provides significantly improved performance when compared with SPLAT, or any other existing single particle mass spectrometer. SPLAT II detects and characterizes 100% of spherical particles and similar to 30% of aspherical particles with diameters between 125 nm and 600 nm. It also brings significant increase in temporal resolution, sizing over 500 particles per second, while characterizing the composition of up to 100 of them. The increase in sensitivity to small particles makes it possible, under most conditions, to use a differential mobility analyzer upfront SPLAT II in order to simultaneously measure in addition to individual particle size and composition, a number of other particle attributes, such as density or effective density, dynamic shape factor, fractal dimension, and even hygroscopicity. SPLAT II provides sizing precision on the order of a monolayer, and makes it possible to distinguish between spherical and aspherical particles. SPLAT II uses a two-step, two-laser process to generate ions. The mass spectra of the semivolatile fraction are generated by ionization in the gas phase, reducing fragmentation and yielding highly reproducible mass spectra, while the mass spectra of the refractory fraction are simultaneously generated by ablation. The instrument control board generates size-dependent delays for laser triggers to eliminate a size-dependent hit-rate and mass spectra are recorded with 14-bit resolution. Data analysis is facilitated by SpectraMiner and ClusterSculptor; two visually driven software packages specifically designed to analyze the large datasets that this instrument produces. C1 [Zelenyuk, Alla; Yang, Juan; Choi, Eric] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Imre, Dan] Imre Consulting, Richland, WA USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov RI Yang, Juan/F-5220-2010 OI Yang, Juan/0000-0001-5502-9351 NR 56 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 411 EP 424 DI 10.1080/02786820802709243 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419ED UT WOS:000264201000004 ER PT J AU Timko, MT Yu, ZH Kroll, JH Jayne, JT Worsnop, DR Miake-Lye, RC Onasch, TB Liscinsky, D Kirchstetter, TW Destaillats, H Holder, AL Smith, JD Wilson, KR AF Timko, Michael T. Yu, Zhenhong Kroll, Jesse H. Jayne, John T. Worsnop, Douglas R. Miake-Lye, Richard C. Onasch, Timothy B. Liscinsky, David Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Destaillats, Hugo Holder, Amara L. Smith, Jared D. Wilson, Kevin R. TI Sampling Artifacts from Conductive Silicone Tubing SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES AB We report evidence that carbon impregnated conductive silicone tubing used in aerosol sampling systems can introduce two types of experimental artifacts: (1) silicon tubing dynamically absorbs carbon dioxide gas, requiring greater than 5 minutes to reach equilibrium and (2) silicone tubing emits organic contaminants containing siloxane that are adsorbed onto particles traveling through it and onto downstream quartz fiber filters. The consequence can be substantial for engine exhaust measurements as both artifacts directly impact calculations of particulate mass-based emission indices. The emission of contaminants from the silicone tubing can result in overestimation of organic particle mass concentrations based on real-time aerosol mass spectrometry and the off-line thermal analysis of quartz filters. The adsorption of siloxane contaminants can affect the surface properties of aerosol particles; we observed a marked reduction in the water-affinity of soot particles passed through conductive silicone tubing. These combined observations suggest that the silicone tubing artifacts may have wide consequence for the aerosol community and the tubing should, therefore, be used with caution. Contamination associated with the use of silicone tubing was observed at ambient temperature and, in some cases, was enhanced by mild heating (<70 degrees C) or pre-exposure to a solvent (methanol). Further evaluation is warranted to quantify systematically how the contamination responds to variations in system temperature, physicochemical particle properties, exposure to solvent, sample contact time, tubing age, and sample flow rates. C1 [Timko, Michael T.; Yu, Zhenhong; Kroll, Jesse H.; Jayne, John T.; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Miake-Lye, Richard C.; Onasch, Timothy B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerothermodynam, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Timko, Michael T.; Yu, Zhenhong; Kroll, Jesse H.; Jayne, John T.; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Miake-Lye, Richard C.; Onasch, Timothy B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Liscinsky, David] United Technol Res Ctr, Combust Grp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Destaillats, Hugo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holder, Amara L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, Jared D.; Wilson, Kevin R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Timko, MT (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerothermodynam, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM timko@aerodyne.com RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC02-05CH11231]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; [NRA NNC07CB57C] FX The Aerodyne Research Inc. team thanks NASA (NRA #NNC07CB57C) for supporting this work. We thank Bruce Anderson (NASA, Langley Research Center) for his continued support of gas turbine engine particle emissions characterization and useful discussion during the drafting of this manuscript. Brent Williams (Aerodyne Research, Inc. and University of Minnesota) shared results from his GC/MS analysis of siloxanes. Kathleen Tacina, Dan Bulzan, and Nan-Suey Liu (NASA Glenn Research Center); Andreas Beyersdorf (NASA Langley Research Center); and Anuj Bhargava (Pratt & Whitney) provided helpful discussion and comments which improved the manuscript. Measurements at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline at the Advanced Light Source are supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC02-05CH11231. J.D.S. is also supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation postdoctoral program in environmental chemistry. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 855 EP 865 DI 10.1080/02786820902984811 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 468MB UT WOS:000267821600001 ER PT B AU Porch, W Galloway, T Roche, A Massie, S AF Porch, William Galloway, Terry Roche, Alan Massie, Steven BE Peretz, DH TI URBAN AEROSOL OBSERVATIONS AND COMPARISONS OF DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME CHARACTERISTICS SO AEROSOLS: CHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HEALTH EFFECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTICAL DEPTH; EXTINCTION AB Understanding of atmospheric aerosol optical properties and their effect on urban and global climate is biased by lack of observations at night. Sunlight scattering and extinction provide satellite and automated sun-photometer observations on a global and local scale. Nighttime observations are very rare and usually include only point measurements of dry aerosol physical and optical properties. We have analyzed aerosol stellar extinction data over many years at an observatory in Oakland, California. This observatory was located for many years at a relatively low altitude below the nocturnal inversion layer depth (104 in). It was recently moved to a higher location (470 in) approximately at or slightly below the San Francisco Bay Area boundary layer depth. The results of our analysis show that both the aerosol light scattering magnitude and light scattering properties as a function of wavelength are different at night than during the day. This is caused by the nighttime increase in relative humidity and associated growth of hydroscopic aerosols. This growth in aerosol and nighttime haze reinforces the nocturnal inversion by heating the air both through the latent heat of condensation as well as by the trapping of infrared surface radiation. This in turn, causes more pollution trapping on the morning of the following day. This effect has not been included in urban pollution models. It is also expected that similar effects of smaller magnitude can be expected over the marine boundary layer where day / night differences in relative humidity are significant and thereby have an effect on global climate. We also show that for coastal regions (like the San Francisco Bay Area) the optical properties of the aerosols change depending on the season. As the inner regions of California warm in summer clouds and marine aerosols are drawn in from the ocean throughout the night. In the late fall, winter and early spring, aerosols tend to be dominated by urban pollution and fewer clouds are advected from the ocean. C1 [Porch, William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Galloway, Terry; Roche, Alan] Chabot Observ, Oakland, CA USA. [Massie, Steven] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Porch, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-925-4 PY 2009 BP 127 EP 148 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Environmental Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physics GA BLU80 UT WOS:000271105100006 ER PT B AU Stolberg, S AF Stolberg, Sean BE Dubinsky, Y Dyba, T Adolph, S Sidky, A TI Enabling Agile Testing Through Continuous Integration SO AGILE 2009 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Agile 2009 Conference CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Chicago, IL AB A Continuous Integration system is often considered one of the key elements involved in supporting an agile software development and testing environment. As a traditional software tester transitioning to an agile development environment it became clear to me that I would need to put this essential infrastructure in place and promote improved development practices in order to make the transition to agile testing possible. This experience report discusses a continuous integration implementation I led last year. The initial motivations for implementing continuous integration are discussed and a pre and post-assessment using Martin Fowler's "Practices of Continuous Integration" is provided along with the technical specifics of the implementation. The report concludes with a retrospective of my experiences implementing and promoting continuous integration within the context of agile testing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stolberg, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Sean.stolberg@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3768-9 PY 2009 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1109/AGILE.2009.16 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUY25 UT WOS:000290691100059 ER PT J AU Blagosklonny, MV Campisi, J Sinclair, DA AF Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. Campisi, Judith Sinclair, David A. TI Aging: past, present and future SO AGING-US LA English DT Review ID LIFE-SPAN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CALORIE RESTRICTION; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; C-ELEGANS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; ONCOGENIC RAS; PATHWAY; CANCER C1 [Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.] Ordway Res Inst, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Campisi, Judith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sinclair, David A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Blagosklonny, MV (reprint author), Ordway Res Inst, Albany, NY 12208 USA. OI Sinclair, David/0000-0002-9936-436X NR 72 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU IMPACT JOURNALS LLC PI ALBANY PA 6211 TIPTON HOUSE, STE 6, ALBANY, NY 12203 USA SN 1945-4589 J9 AGING-US JI Aging-US PD JAN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 579DK UT WOS:000276347200001 PM 20157590 ER PT S AU Lee, J AF Lee, Jason BE Mastorakis, NE Demiralp, M Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z TI Micro-Grids: Practical Applications of Grid Technology to Small Distributed Collaborations SO AIC '09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED INFORMATICS AND COMMUNICATIONS: RECENT ADVANCES IN APPLIED INFORMAT AND COMMUNICATIONS SE Recent Advances in Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications CY AUG 20-22, 2009 CL Moscow, RUSSIA DE Grids; MEMS; cloud-computing; agents; networking; clusters AB Recently there has been a great deal excitement about using both Computational and Data Grids [1,9], for large-scale scientific computing. However, the utility of Grid tools, ideas, and technologies to solve smaller-scale problems is often overlooked. In this paper, it will be shown not only that grids work very well for these smaller problems, but that the techniques developed for use in large scale grid computing can be applied equally as well to smaller problems and used in a effective and productive manner. This paper focuses on what Grid technology can be used to address a specific problem, particularly the aspects of monitoring a Grid and the associated problems and solutions. This will be described in the context of a scientific collaboration between six geographically distinct sites that spanned both the East and West coasts of the United States. C1 [Lee, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlee@lbl.gov FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1790-5109 BN 978-960-474-107-6 J9 REC ADV COMPUT ENG PY 2009 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BMP43 UT WOS:000273271800041 ER PT S AU Bradonjic, M Kohler, E Ostrovsky, R AF Bradonjic, Milan Kohler, Eddie Ostrovsky, Rafail BE Dolev, S TI Near-Optimal Radio Use for Wireless Network Synchronization SO ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks CY JUL 10-11, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP BGU ID TIME SYNCHRONIZATION; SENSOR NETWORKS; BROADCAST; PROTOCOL AB In this paper we consider the model of comumnication where wireless devices can either switch their radios off to save energy (and hence, can neither send nor receive messages), or switch their radios on and engage in communication. The problem has been extensively studied in practice, in the setting such as deployment and clock synchronization of wireless sensor networks - see, for example, [31,41,33,29,40]. The goal in these papers is different from the classic problem of radio broadcast, i.e. avoiding interference. Here, the goal is instead to minimize the use of the radio for both transmitting and receiving, and for most of the time to shut the radio down completely, as the radio even in listening mode consumes a. lot of energy. We distill a clean theoretical formulation of minimizing radio use and present; near-optimal solutions. Our base model ignores issues of communication interference, although we also extend the model to handle this requirement. We assume that nodes intend to communicate periodically, or according to some time-based schedule. Clearly, perfectly synchronized devices could switch their radios on for exactly the minimum periods required by their joint schedules. The main challenge in the deployment of wireless networks is to synchronize the devices' schedules, given that their initial schedules may be offset relative to one another (even if their clocks run at the same speed). In this paper we study how frequently the devices must switch on their radios in order to both synchronize their clocks and communicate. In this setting, we significantly improve previous results, and show optimal use of the radio for two processors and near-optimal use of the radio for synchronization of an arbitrary number of processors. In particular, for two processors we prove deterministic matching theta (root n) upper and lower bounds on the number of times the radio has to be on, where n is the discretized uncertainty period of the clock shift between the two processors. (In contrast, all previous results for two processors are randomized, e.g. [33], [29]). For m = n(B) processors (for any positive beta < 1) we prove Omega(n((1-beta)/2)) is the lower bound on the number of times the radio has to be switched on (per processor), and show a nearly matching (in terms of the radio use) <(O)over tilde>(n((1-beta)/2)) randomized upper bound per processor, (where (O) over tilde notation hides polylog(n) multiplicative term) with failure probability exponentially close to 0. For beta >= 1 our algorithm runs with at most poly-log(n) radio invocations per processor. Our bounds also hold in a radio-broadcast model where interference must be taken into account. C1 [Bradonjic, Milan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bradonjic, Milan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kohler, Eddie; Ostrovsky, Rafail] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Commun Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ostrovsky, Rafail] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bradonjic, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM milan@lanl.gov; kohler@cs.ucla.edu; rafail@cs.ucla.edu FU IBM Faculty Award, Xerox Innovation Group Award, NSF [0430254, 0716835, 0716389, 0830803]; U.C. MICRO FX The third author was supported in part by IBM Faculty Award, Xerox Innovation Group Award, NSF grants 0430254, 0716835, 0716389, 0830803 and U.C. MICRO grant. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-05433-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5804 BP 15 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BPM75 UT WOS:000279342900002 ER PT S AU Schultes, EA Hraber, PT LaBean, TH AF Schultes, Erik A. Hraber, Peter T. LaBean, Thomas H. BE Condon, A Harel, D Kok, JN Salomaa, A Winfree, E TI No Molecule Is an Island: Molecular Evolution and the Study of Sequence Space SO ALGORITHMIC BIOPROCESSES SE Natural Computing Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Algorithmic Bioprocesses CY DEC, 2007 CL Leiden Univ, Lorentz Ctr, Leiden, NETHERLANDS HO Leiden Univ, Lorentz Ctr ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INTRINSICALLY UNSTRUCTURED PROTEINS; NATURAL-SELECTION; NEUTRAL NETWORKS; EXHAUSTIVE ENUMERATION; BASE COMPOSITION; FOLDED PROTEINS; STRUCTURE MAPS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; LIBRARIES AB Our knowledge of nucleic acid and protein structure comes almost exclusively from biological sequences isolated from nature. The ability to synthesize arbitrary sequences of DNA, RNA, and protein in vitro gives us experimental access to the much larger space of sequence possibilities that have not been instantiated in the course of evolution. In principle, this technology promises to both broaden and deepen our understanding of macromolecules, their evolution, and our ability to engineer new and complex functionality. Yet, it has long been assumed that the large number of sequence possibilities and the complexity of the sequence-to-structure relationship preempts any systematic analysis of sequence space. Here, we review recent efforts demonstrating that, with judicious employment of both formal and empirical constraints, it is possible to exploit intrinsic symmetries and correlations in sequence space, enabling coordination, projection, and navigation of the sea of sequence possibilities. These constraints not only make it possible to map the distributions of evolved sequences in the context of sequence space, but they also permit properties intrinsic to sequence space to be mapped by sampling tractable numbers of randomly generated sequences. Such Maps Suggest entirely new ways of looking at evolution, define new classes of experiments using randomly generated sequences and hold deep implications for the origin and evolution of macromolecular systems. We call this promising new direction sequenomics-the systematic study of sequence space. C1 [Schultes, Erik A.; LaBean, Thomas H.] Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hraber, Peter T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schultes, EA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM schultes@hedgehogresearch.info; phraber@lanl.gov; thomas.labean@duke.edu RI LaBean, Thomas/G-2859-2011 OI LaBean, Thomas/0000-0002-6739-2059 NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1619-7127 BN 978-3-540-88868-0 J9 NAT COMPUT SER JI Nat. Comput. Ser. PY 2009 BP 675 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-88869-7_34 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BMR36 UT WOS:000273389300034 ER PT S AU Gallard, J Lebre, A Vallee, G Morin, C Gallard, P Scott, SL AF Gallard, Jerome Lebre, Adrien Vallee, Geoffroy Morin, Christine Gallard, Pascal Scott, Stephen L. BE Hua, A Chang, SL TI Refinement Proposal of the Goldberg's Theory SO ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing CY JUN 08-11, 2009 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol DE Goldberg Virtualization Theory; Emulation; Abstraction; Partionning; Identity AB Virtual Machines (VM) allow the execution of various operating systems. VM mechanisms provide several functionalities which are nowadays strongly appreciated by developers and administrators (isolation between applications, flexibility of resource management...). So, "virtualization" has become a buzz word and a lot of "virtualization" solutions have been proposed, each providing particular functionalities. Goldberg proposed to classify virtualization techniques in two models (Type-I and Type-II), which does not enable the classification of latest "virtualization" technologies Such emulation, partitioning... We propose an extension of the Goldberg model in order to take into account latest "virtualization" mechanisms. After giving general definitions, we show how our proposal enables to rigorously formalize the following terms: virtualization, emulation, abstraction, partitioning, and identity. We show that a single virtualization Solution is generally composed by several layers Of virtualization capabilities, depending on the granularity of the analysis. In this manner, our model allow us to classify virtualization technologies according to their performance, similarity and portability. C1 [Gallard, Jerome; Lebre, Adrien; Morin, Christine] IRISA, INRIA Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Vallee, Geoffroy; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gallard, Pascal] KERLABS, Rennes, France. RP Gallard, J (reprint author), IRISA, INRIA Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM jerome.gallard@irisa.fr; adrien.lebre@irisa.fr; valleegr@ornl.gov; christine.morin@irisa.fr; pascal.gallard@kerlabs.com; scottsl@ornl.gov FU European Commission [FP6-033576]; Laboratory Directed Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U. S.Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The INRIA team carries out this research work in the framework of the XtreemOS project partially funded by the European Commission under contract #FP6-033576. ORNLs research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-03094-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5574 BP 853 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLN02 UT WOS:000270558000080 ER PT S AU George, SA Naulleau, PP Rekawa, S Gullikson, E Kemp, CD AF George, Simi A. Naulleau, Patrick P. Rekawa, Senajith Gullikson, Eric Kemp, Charles Drew BE Schellenberg, FM LaFontaine, BM TI Out-of-Band Exposure Characterization with the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA Microfield Exposure Tool SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH Inc. DE EUVL; MET; Extreme Ultraviolet; Out of band; Resists; Flare; Resist Sensitivity ID ULTRAVIOLET; LITHOGRAPHY AB For the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), discharge or laser produced, pulsed plasma light sources are being considered. These sources are known to emit into a broad range of wavelengths that are collectively referred to as the out-of-band (OOB) radiation by lithographers. Multilayer EUV optics reflect OOB radiation emitted by the EUV sources onto the wafer plane resulting in unwanted background exposure of the resist (flare) and reduced image contrast. The reflectivity of multilayer optics at the target wavelength of 13.5 nm is comparable to that of their reflectivity in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) and UV regions from 100-350 nm. The aromatic molecular backbones of many of the resists used for EUV are equally absorptive at specific DUV wavelengths as well. In order to study the effect of these wavelengths on imaging performance in a real system, we are in the process of integrating a DUV source into the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA Microfield Exposure Tool (MET). The MET plays an active role in advanced research in resist and mask development for EUVL and as such, we will utilize this system to systematically evaluate the imaging impact of DUV wavelengths in a EUV system. In this paper, we present the optical design for the new DUV component and the simulation-based imaging results predicting the potential impact of OOB based on known resist, mask, and multilayer conditions. It should be noted that because the projection optics work equally well as imaging optics at DUV wavelengths, the OOB radiation cannot be treated simply as uniform background or DC flare. C1 [George, Simi A.; Naulleau, Patrick P.; Rekawa, Senajith; Gullikson, Eric; Kemp, Charles Drew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sageorge@lbl.gov; pnaulleau@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7524-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7271 AR 72710X DI 10.1117/12.814429 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BUU12 UT WOS:000290311600024 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Mochi, I Huh, S AF Goldberg, Kenneth A. Mochi, Iacopo Huh, Sungmin BE Schellenberg, FM LaFontaine, BM TI Collecting EUV mask images through focus by wavelength tuning SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH Inc. DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; actinic mask inspection; reticle; Fresnel zoneplate; imaging AB Using an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) microscope to produce high-quality images of EUV reticles, we have developed a new wavelength tuning method to acquire through-focus data series with a higher level of stability and repeatability than was previously possible. We utilize the chromatic focal-length dependence of a diffractive Fresnel zoneplate objective lens, and while holding the mask sample mechanically still, we tune the wavelength through a narrow range, in small steps. In this paper, we demonstrate the method and discuss the the relative advantages that this data collection technique affords. C1 [Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Mochi, Iacopo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7524-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7271 AR 72713N DI 10.1117/12.824433 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BUU12 UT WOS:000290311600100 ER PT S AU Mochi, I Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Huh, S AF Mochi, Iacopo Goldberg, Kenneth A. Naulleau, Patrick Huh, Sungmin BE Schellenberg, FM LaFontaine, BM TI Improving the performance of the Actinic Inspection Tool with an optimized alignment procedure SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH Inc. DE EUV; zoneplate; alignment; mask inspection; aerial image; aberrations AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscopy is an important tool for the investigation of the performance of EUV masks, for detecting the presence and the characteristics of defects, and for evaluating the effectiveness of defect repair techniques. Aerial image measurement bypasses the difficulties inherent to photoresist imaging and enables high data collection speed and flexibility. It provides reliable and quick feedback for the development of masks and lithography system modeling methods. We operate the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), a EUV microscope installed at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The AIT is equipped with several high-magnification Fresnel zoneplate lenses, with various numerical aperture values, that enable it image the reflective mask surface with various resolution and magnification settings. Although the AIT has undergone significant recent improvements in terms of imaging resolution and illumination uniformity, there is still room for improvement. In the AIT, an off-axis zoneplate lens collects the light coming from the sample and an image of the sample is projected onto an EUV-sensitive CCD camera. The simplicity of the optical system is particularly helpful considering that the AIT alignment has to be performed every time that a sample or a zoneplate is replaced. The alignment is sensitive to several parameters such as the lens position and orientation, the illumination direction and the sample characteristics. Since the AIT works in high vacuum, there is no direct access to the optics or to the sample during the alignment and the measurements. For all these reasons the alignment procedures and feedback can be complex, and in some cases can reduce the overall data throughput of the system. In this paper we review the main strategies and procedures that have been developed for quick and reliable alignments, and we describe the performance improvements we have achieved, in terms of aberration magnitude reduction. C1 [Mochi, Iacopo; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Naulleau, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mochi, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7524-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7271 AR 727123 DI 10.1117/12.814261 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BUU12 UT WOS:000290311600057 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Anderson, CN Baclea-an, LM Denham, P George, S Goldberg, KA Goldstein, M Hoef, B Hudyma, R Jones, G Koh, C La Fontaine, B McClinton, B Miyakawa, R Montgomery, W Roller, J Wallow, T Wurm, S AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Anderson, Christopher N. Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae Denham, Paul George, Simi Goldberg, Kenneth A. Goldstein, Michael Hoef, Brian Hudyma, Russ Jones, Gideon Koh, Chawon La Fontaine, Bruno McClinton, Brittany Miyakawa, Ryan Montgomery, Warren Roller, John Wallow, Tom Wurm, Stefan BE Schellenberg, FM LaFontaine, BM TI The SEMATECH Berkeley microfield exposure tool: learning at the 22-nm node and beyond SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH Inc. DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; aberrations ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; MICROEXPOSURE TOOL; MASK-ROUGHNESS; PERFORMANCE AB Microfield exposure tools (METs) continue to play a dominant role in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists. One of these tools is the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA MET operating as a SEMATECH resist and mask test center. Here we present an update summarizing the latest resist test and characterization results. The relatively small numerical aperture and limited illumination settings expected from 1st generation EUV production tools make resist resolution a critical issue even at the 32-nm node. In this presentation, sub 22 nm half pitch imaging results of EUV resists are reported. We also present contact hole printing at the 30-nm level. Although resist development has progressed relatively well in the areas of resolution and sensitivity, line-edge-roughness (LER) remains a significant concern. Here we present a summary of recent LER performance results and consider the effect of system-level contributors to the LER observed from the SEMATECH Berkeley microfield tool. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.; Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae; Denham, Paul; George, Simi; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Hoef, Brian; Jones, Gideon; McClinton, Brittany; Miyakawa, Ryan; Roller, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7524-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7271 AR 72710W DI 10.1117/12.814232 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BUU12 UT WOS:000290311600023 ER PT B AU Farrow, A Laird, C AF Farrow, Adam Laird, Campbell BE Yin, W Das, SK Long, Z TI Precipitation Under Cyclic Strain in Solution-Treated Al-4wt%Cu I: Mechanical Behavior SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS: FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aluminum Alloys - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA DE Aluminum; Cyclic Strain; Diffusion; Precipitation ID ALLOY AB Solution-treated Al-4wt%Cu was strain-cycled at ambient temperature and above, and the precipitation and deformation behaviors investigated by TEM. Anomalously rapid growth of precipitates appears to have been facilitated by a vacancy super-saturation generated by cyclic strain and the presence of a continually refreshed dislocation density to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites. Texture effects as characterized by Orientation Imaging Microscopy appear to be responsible for latent hardening in specimens tested at room temperature, with increasing temperatures leading to a gradual hardening throughout life due to precipitation. Specimens exhibiting rapid precipitation hardening appear to show a greater effect of texture due to the increased stress required to cut precipitates in specimens machined from tolled plate at an angle corresponding to a lower average Schmid factor. The accelerated formation of grain boundary precipitates appears to be partially responsible for rapid inter-granular fatigue failure at elevated temperatures, producing fatigue striations and ductile dimples coexistent on the fracture surface. C1 [Farrow, Adam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Farrow, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM afarrow@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-735-3 PY 2009 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIY33 UT WOS:000263684500020 ER PT B AU Farrow, A Laird, C AF Farrow, Adam Laird, Campbell BE Yin, W Das, SK Long, Z TI Precipitation Under Cyclic Strain in Solution-Treated Al-4wt%Cu II: Precipitation Behavior SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS: FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aluminum Alloys - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA DE Aluminum; Cyclic Strain; Diffusion; Precipitation ID DIFFUSION; ALUMINUM; COPPER AB Solution-treated Al-4wt%Cu was strain-cycled at ambient temperature and above, and the precipitation behavior investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In the temperature range 100 degrees C to 200 degrees C, precipitation of Theta '' appears to have been suppressed, and precipitation of theta-prime promoted. Anomalously rapid growth of precipitates appears to have been facilitated by a vacancy super-saturation generated by cyclic strain, with a diminishing effect observed at higher temperatures due to the recovery of non-equilibrium vacancy concentrations. The Theta' precipitates generated under cyclic strain art! considerably smaller and more finely dispersed than those typically produced via quench-aging due to their heterogeneous nucleation on dislocations, and possess a low aspect ratio and rounded edges of the broad faces, due to the introduction of ledges into the growing precipitates by dislocation cutting. Frequency effects indicate that dislocation motion, rather than extremely small precipitate size, is responsible for the reduction in aspect ratio. C1 [Farrow, Adam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Farrow, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM afarrow@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-735-3 PY 2009 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIY33 UT WOS:000263684500021 ER PT S AU Meir, P Brando, PM Nepstad, D Vasconcelos, S Costa, ACL Davidson, E Almeida, S Fisher, RA Sotta, ED Zarin, D Cardinot, G AF Meir, P. Brando, P. M. Nepstad, D. Vasconcelos, S. Costa, A. C. L. Davidson, E. Almeida, S. Fisher, R. A. Sotta, E. D. Zarin, D. Cardinot, G. BE Keller, M Bustamante, M Gash, J Dias, PS TI The Effects of Drought on Amazonian Rain Forests SO AMAZONIA AND GLOBAL CHANGE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTIAL THROUGHFALL EXCLUSION; TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK; MOIST TROPICAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; NITROUS-OXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; FIRE SUSCEPTIBILITY; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; WATER AVAILABILITY AB The functioning of Amazonian rain forest ecosystems during drought has become a scientific focal point because of associated risks to forest integrity and climate. We review current understanding of drought impacts on Amazon rain forests by summarising the results from two throughfall exclusion (TFE) experiments in old-growth rain forests at Caxiuana and Tapajos National Forest Reserves, and an irrigation experiment in secondary forest, near Castanhal, Brazil. Soil physical properties strongly influenced drought impacts at each site. Over years 1 to 3 of soil moisture reduction, leaf area index declined by 20-30% at the TFE sites. Leaf physiology and tree mortality results suggested some species-based differences in drought resistance. Mortality was initially resistant to drought but increased after 3 years at Tapajos to 9%, followed by a decline. Transpiration and gross primary production were reduced under TFE at Caxiuana by 30-40% and 12-13%, respectively, and the maximum fire risk at Tapajos increased from 0.27 to 0.47. Drought reduced soil CO2 emissions by more than 20% at Caxiuana and Castanhal but not at Tapajos, where N2O and CH4 emissions declined. Overall, the results indicate short-term resistance to drought with reduced productivity, but that increased mortality is likely under substantial, multiyear, reductions in rainfall. These data sets from field-scale experimental manipulations uniquely complement existing observations from Amazonia and will become increasingly powerful if the experiments are extended. Estimating the long-term (decadal-scale) impacts of continued drought on Amazonian forests will also require integrated models to couple changes in vegetation, climate, land management, and fire risk. C1 [Meir, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Brando, P. M.; Zarin, D.] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Brando, P. M.; Cardinot, G.] Inst Pesquisa Ambiental Amazonia, BR-66035170 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Meir, P.; Davidson, E.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Nepstad, D.] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vasconcelos, S.] EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Costa, A. C. L.] Fed Univ Para, Ctr Geociencias, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Almeida, S.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66077830 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Fisher, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sotta, E. D.] EMBRAPA Amapa, BR-68903419 Macapa, Brazil. RP Meir, P (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. EM pmeir@ed.ac.uk RI Brando, Paulo/C-4302-2012; Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012 OI Brando, Paulo/0000-0001-8952-7025; NR 133 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-476-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2009 VL 186 BP 429 EP 449 DI 10.1029/2009GM000882 D2 10.1029/GM186 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BUI24 UT WOS:000289443400026 ER PT J AU Jacob, RE Minard, KR AF Jacob, R. E. Minard, K. R. TI Differentiation of Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Using In Vivo T2-Weighted MRI in Bleomycin-Treated Rats. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jacob, R. E.; Minard, K. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3545 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102779 ER PT J AU Jacob, RE Carson, JP Gideon, KM Amidan, BG Smith, CL Lee, KM AF Jacob, R. E. Carson, J. P. Gideon, K. M. Amidan, B. G. Smith, C. L. Lee, K. M. TI Quantitative Comparison of Two Histological Methods for Discerning Airspace Enlargement in Smoke-Exposed Mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jacob, R. E.; Carson, J. P.; Amidan, B. G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gideon, K. M.; Lee, K. M.] Battelle Toxicol Northwest, Richland, WA USA. [Smith, C. L.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A2081 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101200 ER PT J AU Kottmann, RM Hu, JZ Isern, NG Webb-Robertson, BM Phipps, RP Sime, PJ AF Kottmann, R. M. Hu, J. Z. Isern, N. G. Webb-Robertson, B. M. Phipps, R. P. Sime, P. J. TI Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Pathways Dysregulated in Fibroblast Differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kottmann, R. M.; Phipps, R. P.; Sime, P. J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Phipps, R. P.; Sime, P. J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Phipps, R. P.; Sime, P. J.] Univ Rochester, Lung Biol & Dis Program, Rochester, NY USA. [Hu, J. Z.; Isern, N. G.; Webb-Robertson, B. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM matt_kottmann@urmc.rochester.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A1914 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733101033 ER PT J AU Maier, LA Newman, LS Balmes, J Harber, P Bruton, C Scanlon, PD Rossman, M Cragle, D Richter, BS AF Maier, L. A. Newman, L. S. Balmes, J. Harber, P. Bruton, C. Scanlon, P. D. Rossman, M. Cragle, D. Richter, B. S. TI Development of a Beryllium Bio-Repository for Future Research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balmes, J.] UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA. [Harber, P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Rossman, M.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Richter, B. S.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A3194 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733102429 ER PT J AU Sigdel, T Kaushal, A Gritsenko, M Norbeck, A Xiao, W Camp, D Smith, R Sarwal, M AF Sigdel, T. Kaushal, A. Gritsenko, M. Norbeck, A. Xiao, W. Camp, D. Smith, R. Sarwal, M. TI Shotgun Proteomics Identifies Protein Biomarkers Specific for Acute Renal Transplant Rejection. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeon/American-Society-of-Transplantati on CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Sigdel, T.; Kaushal, A.; Xiao, W.; Sarwal, M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gritsenko, M.; Norbeck, A.; Camp, D.; Smith, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PY 2009 VL 9 BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 431NQ UT WOS:000265068801025 ER PT S AU Biswas, R Zhou, D Garcia, L AF Biswas, R. Zhou, D. Garcia, L. BE Flewitt, A Wang, Q Hou, J Uchikoga, S Nathan, A TI SIMULATION OF PLASMONIC CRYSTAL ENHANCEMENT OF THIN FILM SOLAR CELL ABSORPTION SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2009, VOL 1153 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS AB Light management and enhanced photon harvesting are critical areas for improving efficiency of thin film solar cells. Red and near infrared photons with energies just above the band edge have large absorption lengths in amorphous silicon and cannot be efficiently collected. We previously demonstrated that a photonic crystal back reflector involving a periodically patterned ZnO layer can enhance absorption of band edge photons. We propose and design alternative new plasmonic crystal structures that enhance absorption in thin film solar cell structures. These plasmonic crystals consist of a periodically patterned metal back reflector with a periodic array of holes An amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon layer resides on top of this plasmonic crystal followed by a standard anti-reflecting coating. We have found plasmonic crystal structures enhance average photon absorption by more than 10%, and by more than a factor of 10 at wavelengths just above the band edge, and should lead to improved cell efficiency. The plasmonic crystal diffracts band edge photons within the absorber layer, increasing their path length and dwell time. In addition there is concentration of light within the plasmonic crystal. Design simulations are performed with rigorous scattering matrix simulations where both polarizations of light are accounted for. C1 [Biswas, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-126-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1153 DI 10.1557/PROC-1153-A03-02 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BBM73 UT WOS:000307396000004 ER PT S AU Kanevce, A Metzger, WK AF Kanevce, Ana Metzger, Wyatt K. BE Flewitt, A Wang, Q Hou, J Uchikoga, S Nathan, A TI Device Physics of Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) Solar Cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2009, VOL 1153 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS AB Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells have achieved conversion efficiencies higher than 22%. Yet, many questions concerning the device physics governing these cells remain unanswered. We use numerical modeling to analyze the role of a-Si:H layers and tunneling on cell performance. For cells with n-type c-Si (n-HIT cells), incorporating the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) as an n-type semiconductor creates an n(+)/p/n structure. Most device simulations do not work with this structure. Our modeling indicates that the n(+)/p/n device often produces irregular S-shaped current density-voltage (J-V) curves, which have been observed experimentally but were not previously understood. However, if tunneling is included, there are specific conditions where the n(+)/p/n structure performs as a robust solar cell with efficiencies exceeding 20%. Additional analysis examines voltage-dependent carrier collection in n-HIT cells, as well as material and interface properties that limit fill factor. In p-HIT cells, modeling the ITO layer as a semiconductor, rather than as a metallic contact, significantly reduces the impact of a-Si:H layer parameters on device performance. In p-HIT cells, the a-Si:H layers adjacent to the ITO layer play the role of a buffer that reduces interface recombination at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and prevents tunneling of electrons from the ITO layer to the c-Si absorber. Tunneling through the a-Si:H layers adjacent to the back contact is important to attain regular J-V curves. C1 [Kanevce, Ana; Metzger, Wyatt K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kanevce, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-126-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1153 DI 10.1557/PROC-1153-A10-04 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BBM73 UT WOS:000307396000030 ER PT S AU Romero, MJ Liu, F Kunz, O Wong, J Jiang, CS Al-Jassim, MM Aberle, AG AF Romero, M. J. Liu, F. Kunz, O. Wong, J. Jiang, C. -S. Al-Jassim, M. M. Aberle, A. G. BE Flewitt, A Wang, Q Hou, J Uchikoga, S Nathan, A TI Imaging electron transport across grain boundaries in an integrated electron and atomic force microscopy platform: Application to polycrystalline silicon solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2009, VOL 1153 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP MRS ID ALUMINUM-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEED LAYERS; GLASS; EPITAXY AB We have investigated the local electron transport in polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) thin-films by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based measurements of the electron-beam-induced current (EBIC). EVA solar cells are produced at UNSW by EVAporation of a-Si and subsequent solid-phase crystallization (SPC)-a potentially cost-effective approach to the production of pc-Si photovoltaics. A fundamental understanding of the electron transport in these pc-Si thin films is of prime importance to address the factors limiting the efficiency of EVA solar cells. EBIC measurements performed in combination with an AFM integrated inside an electron microscope can resolve the electron transport across individual grain boundaries. AFM-EBIC reveals that most grain boundaries present a high energy barrier to the transport of electrons for both p-type and n-type EVA thin-films. Furthermore, for p-type EVA pc-Si, in contrast with n-type, charged grain boundaries are seen. Recombination at grain boundaries seems to be the dominant factor limiting the efficiency of these pc-Si solar cells. C1 [Romero, M. J.; Liu, F.; Jiang, C. -S.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-126-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1153 DI 10.1557/PROC-1153-A15-03 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BBM73 UT WOS:000307396000039 ER PT J AU Murphy, CL Wang, SC Kestler, DP Stevens, FA Weiss, DT Solomon, A AF Murphy, Charles L. Wang, Shuching Kestler, Daniel P. Stevens, Fred A. Weiss, Deborah T. Solomon, Alan TI AA amyloidosis associated with a mutated serum amyloid A4 protein SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Amyloidosis; AA amyloidosis; serum amyloid A protein; genetic mutation ID SAA4; GENE; APOLIPOPROTEINS; SUPERFAMILY AB AA amyloidosis invariably has been associated with fibrillar deposits of the acute phase high-density lipoprotein serum amyloid A isotypes SAA1 and SAA2. We now report the first case in a patient with no antecedent history of a chronic inflammatory or neoplastic process whose pathologic renal deposits were comprised of a mutated form of the constitutively expressed serum amyloid A4 (SAA4) protein. Analyses by tandem mass spectrometry of amyloid extracted from kidney biopsies revealed a component identical in sequence to the N-terminal portion of SAA4, except for the substitution of glycine for tryptophan at position 22 (W22G). Sequencing of genomic DNA using SAA4-specific primers showed a TGG to GGG transversion in codon 22 that accounted for the observed modification. Confirmation of the SAA4 nature of the amyloid was obtained immunohistochemically. Notably, only wild-type SAA4 was detected by mass spectrometry in the patient's serum and its concentration was within normal limits. Given the substitution of an amino acid lacking a side chain for a bulky residue, we posit that the W22G alteration would profoundly affect SAA4 stability, rendering it amyloidogenic. Our studies provide the first evidence for a novel type of AA amyloidosis in which the fibrils were formed from a mutated SAA4 protein. C1 [Murphy, Charles L.; Wang, Shuching; Kestler, Daniel P.; Weiss, Deborah T.; Solomon, Alan] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. [Stevens, Fred A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. EM asolomon@utmck.edu FU National Cancer Institute FX This study was supported, in part, by USPHS Research Grant CA 10056 from the National Cancer Institute. A. S. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor. We thank Drs. M. C. de Beer and P. Westermark for furnishing the antihuman SAA4 and anti-human SAA1/2 antisera, respectively, as well as Drs. M. C. de Beer and Z. N. Farwig for quantitative analyses of the SAA4 contained in the patient's blood. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1350-6129 J9 AMYLOID JI Amyloid-J. Protein Fold. Disord. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 2 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1080/13506120902879905 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 479SL UT WOS:000268681100004 PM 20536400 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Warner, MG Ozanich, RM Miller, KD Colburn, HA Dockendorff, B Antolick, KC Anheier, NC Lind, MA Lou, JL Marks, JD Bruckner-Lea, CJ AF Grate, Jay W. Warner, Marvin G. Ozanich, Richard M., Jr. Miller, Keith D. Colburn, Heather A. Dockendorff, Brian Antolick, Kathryn C. Anheier, Norman C., Jr. Lind, Michael A. Lou, Jianlong Marks, James D. Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J. TI Renewable surface fluorescence sandwich immunoassay biosensor for rapid sensitive botulinum toxin detection in an automated fluidic format SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FLOW-INJECTION; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING DOMAIN; BEAD INJECTION AB A renewable surface biosensor for rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A is described based on fluidic automation of a fluorescence sandwich immunoassay, using a recombinant protein fragment of the toxin heavy chain (similar to 50 kDa) as a structurally valid simulant. Monoclonal antibodies AR4 and RAZ1 bind to separate non-overlapping epitopes of the full botulinum holotoxin (similar to 150 kDa). Both of the targeted epitopes are located on the recombinant fragment. The AR4 antibody was covalently bound to Sepharose beads and used as the capture antibody. A rotating rod flow cell was used to capture these beads delivered as a suspension by a sequential injection flow system, creating a 3.6 mu L column. After perfusing the bead column with sample and washing away the matrix, the column was perfused with Alexa 647 dye-labeled RAZ1 antibody as the reporter. Optical fibers coupled to the rotating rod flow cell at a 90 degrees angle to one another delivered excitation light from a HeNe laser (633 nm) using one fiber and collected fluorescent emission light for detection with the other. After each measurement, the used Sepharose beads are released and replaced with fresh beads. In a rapid screening approach to sample analysis, the toxin simulant was detected to concentrations of 10 pM in less than 20 minutes using this system. C1 [Grate, Jay W.; Warner, Marvin G.; Ozanich, Richard M., Jr.; Miller, Keith D.; Colburn, Heather A.; Dockendorff, Brian; Antolick, Kathryn C.; Anheier, Norman C., Jr.; Lind, Michael A.; Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lou, Jianlong; Marks, James D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; NIAID R21 [AI53389-01, U02 AI056493]; DoD [DAMD17-03-C-0076]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX The authors are grateful for funding from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. In addition, the antibody development work at UCSF was partially supported by NIAID R21 grant AI53389-01, NIAID cooperative agreement U01 AI056493, and DoD contract DAMD17-03-C-0076. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U. S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2009 VL 134 IS 5 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1039/b900794f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 435PK UT WOS:000265355600026 PM 19381395 ER PT J AU Acerbo, AS Miller, LM AF Acerbo, Alvin S. Miller, Lisa M. TI Assessment of the chemical changes induced in human melanoma cells by boric acid treatment using infrared imaging SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPEC 2008 Conference on Shedding Light on Disease - Optical Diagnosis for the New Millenium CY OCT 25-29, 2008 CL Sao Jose dos Campos, BRAZIL ID PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; DIETARY BORON INTAKE; DRINKING-WATER AB Boron is found in everyday foods and drinking water in trace quantities. Boron exists as boric acid (BA) within plants and animals, where low levels have been linked to cancer incidence. However, this correlation is not well characterized. In this study, we examined the chemical and morphological effects of BA on human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL28) using Fourier Transform InfraRed Imaging (FTIRI) with a Focal Plane Array (FPA) detector. Cells were grown under concentrations of BA ranging from 0 to 50 mM. Cell viability was determined after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days using trypan blue staining. With FTIRI, images of approximately twenty cells per time point per condition were collected. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate changes in cell composition, with particular focus on the lipid, protein, and nucleic acid spectral components. Results from trypan blue staining revealed decreased cell viability as BA concentration increased. FTIRI data indicated that the protein and lipid contents (as indicated by the lipid/protein ratio) did not undergo substantial changes due to BA treatment. In contrast, the nucleic acid/protein ratio significantly decreased with BA treatment. PCA results showed an increase in beta-sheet protein at higher concentrations of BA (12.5, 25, and 50 mM). Together, these results suggest that high concentrations of BA have an anti-proliferative effect and show signs consistent with apoptosis. C1 [Acerbo, Alvin S.; Miller, Lisa M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Acerbo, Alvin S.; Miller, Lisa M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov RI Acerbo, Alvin/D-8931-2011 OI Acerbo, Alvin/0000-0002-0909-6497 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2009 VL 134 IS 8 BP 1669 EP 1674 DI 10.1039/b823234b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 472KZ UT WOS:000268131500023 PM 20448936 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZG Sathitsuksanoh, N Zhang, YHP AF Zhu, Zhiguang Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon Zhang, Y. -H. Percival TI Direct quantitative determination of adsorbed cellulase on lignocellulosic biomass with its application to study cellulase desorption for potential recycling SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC DOMAINS; ADSORPTION; PROTEIN; BIOFUELS; TANNINS; ACID AB Effective hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose mediated by cellulase requires an in-depth understanding of cellulase adsorption and desorption. Here we developed a simple method for determining the adsorbed cellulase on cellulosic materials or pretreated lignocellulose, which involves (i) hydrolysis of adsorbed cellulase in the presence of 10 M of NaOH at 121 degrees C for 20 min, and (ii) the ninhydrin assay for the amino acids released from the hydrolyzed cellulase. The major lignocellulosic components (i. e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) did not interfere with the ninhydrin assay. A number of cellulase desorption methods were investigated: pH change as well as the use of detergents, high salt solution, and polyhydric alcohols. The pH adjustment to 13.0 and the elution by 72% ethylene glycol at neutral pH were among the most efficient approaches for desorbing the adsorbed cellulase. For the recycling of active cellulase, a modest pH adjustment to 10.0 may be a low-cost viable method to desorb active cellulase. It was found that more than 90% of cellulase for hydrolysis of the pretreated corn stover could be recycled by washing at pH 10.0. C1 [Zhu, Zhiguang; Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon; Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] US DOE, BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu RI sathitsuksanoh, noppadon/O-6305-2014; Zhu, Zhiguang/I-3936-2016 OI sathitsuksanoh, noppadon/0000-0003-1521-9155; FU USDA-sponsored Bioprocessing and Biodesign Center; DOE BioEnergy Science Center; DuPont Young Professor Award; ICTAS FX Support for this work was provided to YHPZ from the USDA-sponsored Bioprocessing and Biodesign Center, DOE BioEnergy Science Center, DuPont Young Professor Award, and ICTAS. NS was partially supported by the ICTAS scholar program. NR 45 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2009 VL 134 IS 11 BP 2267 EP 2272 DI 10.1039/b906065k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 508OE UT WOS:000270941900012 PM 19838414 ER PT J AU Fraga, CG Kerr, DR Atkinson, DA AF Fraga, Carlos G. Kerr, Dayle R. Atkinson, David A. TI Improved quantitative analysis of ion mobility spectrometry by chemometric multivariate calibration SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; EXPLOSIVES; IDENTIFICATION; GAS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; RESOLUTION; PRODUCTS AB Traditional peak-area calibration and the multivariate calibration methods of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS), including unfolded PLS (U-PLS) and multi-way PLS (N-PLS), were evaluated for the quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene- 2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) in Composition B explosive mixtures analyzed by temperature step desorption ion mobility spectrometry (TSD-IMS). TSD is a technique used to partially resolve mixture components before ion mobility analysis by exploiting differences in thermal desorption profiles. While TSD was used here, the results and conclusions presented are universally applicable to IMS. Although IMS is used extensively for trace explosive detection, it has not been sufficiently demonstrated in the past for the detailed analysis of specific compositions of explosive mixtures. This manuscript combines IMS with multivariate chemometric data methods to enhance the quantitative performance of IMS needed for detailed explosive analyses. This is demonstrated using data from the replicate TSD-IMS analyses of eight different Composition B samples. The true TNT and RDX concentrations were determined by analyzing the Composition B samples by high performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection. Most of the Composition B samples were found to have distinct TNT and RDX concentrations. The data from each TSD-IMS analysis were a 2-D array that was reduced by averaging into a vector or mean IMS spectrum. Although the mean IMS peaks for TNT and RDX were sufficiently resolved to use peak area to generate linear calibration curves, the peak-area variability was too large to differentiate Composition B samples based on their predicted RDX and TNT concentrations. Applying PCR and PLS on the exact same IMS spectra used for the peak-area study improved quantitative accuracy and precision approximately 3-to 5-fold and 2- to 4-fold, respectively. This in turn improved the probability of correctly identifying Composition B samples based upon the estimated RDX and TNT concentrations from 11% with peak area to 44% and 89% with PLS. The success of PLS over peak area is attributed to multivariate signal averaging and the simultaneous maximization of correlation between the entire span of the IMS mean spectra and the known TNT and RDX concentrations. In this study, PLS also outperformed PCR and had similar quantitative results to U-PLS. In terms of N-PLS, its mean bias values were up to 2.8 times larger and the mean RSD values were at least 40% larger than those obtained by PLS. C1 [Fraga, Carlos G.; Atkinson, David A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kerr, Dayle R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fraga, CG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM carlos.fraga@pnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Funding for this work was provided in part through contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory by the U. S. Department of Energy. We like to thank James Barnett (SNL) who performed the HPLC-UV analyses of the explosive samples and David Hannum (SNL) who was the liaison between SNL and PNNL. We also thank the Synovec Group (Univ. of Washington) for the piecewise alignment code. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2009 VL 134 IS 11 BP 2329 EP 2337 DI 10.1039/b912638d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 508OE UT WOS:000270941900021 PM 19838423 ER PT J AU Moore, D AF Moore, David S. TI Optimal coherent control of sensitivity and selectivity in spectrochemical analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coherent control; Ultrafast lasers; Pulse shaping; Closed-loop optimization; Spectrochemical analysis ID CHIRPED PULSE AMPLIFICATION; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL PULSES; GENERATION; COMPRESSION; EXCITATION; MIRROR; PHASE AB The number and breadth of coherently controlled chemical processes are escalating exponentially since the recent convergence of stable broadband ultrafast laser sources, robust pulse shaping devices, and closed-loop optimization routines. We show here how these methods can also be applied to spectrochemical analysis. We discuss the basics of optimal coherent control and describe their use, both present and future, to enhance the sensitivity and/or selectivity of several different spectroscopic analytical methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moored@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2318-z PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 385RJ UT WOS:000261831000009 PM 18719896 ER PT J AU Bhuiya, MW Liu, CJ AF Bhuiya, Mohammad-Wadud Liu, Chang-Jun TI A cost-effective colorimetric assay for phenolic O-methyltransferases and characterization of caffeate 3-O-methyltransferases from Populus trichocarpa SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Calorimetric assay; O-Methyltransferase; Gibbs' reagent; Populus trichocarpa ID ADENOSYLMETHIONINE-DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; STRUCTURAL BASIS; METHYLATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACYLTRANSFERASES; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; COENZYME AB S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze the transmethylation of a variety of phenolics in bacteria, plants, and humans. To rapidly characterize phenolic OMT activities, we adapted Gibbs' reagent, the dye originally used for detecting phenols, to develop a convenient assay method for measuring the catalytic properties of enzymatic transmethylation of phenolics. We demonstrated that Gibbs' reagent reacted with phenolics yielding distinct absorptive characters that we used to further develop the assay to monitor the reactivities of phenolic OMTs. To validate the method, we identified two caffeate/5-hdroxyferulate 3/5-O-methyltransferases (COMTs) from the black cotton-wood, Populus trichocarpa. Together with a few other plant type I OMTs, we demonstrated that our Gibbs' reagent-mediated colorimetric assay Could reliably determine the functions and kinetic parameters of phenolic OMTs. Because Gibbs' reagent reacting with different regioselectively modified phenolics displays different colorimetric properties, the assay method can be used to monitor both substrate specificity and the regioselectivity of phenolic OMTs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhuiya, Mohammad-Wadud; Liu, Chang-Jun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cliu@bnl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Science at the Department of Energy [DEAC0298CH10886]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Brook-haven National Laboratory [06-061]; Department of Energy FX We thank Dr. Eran Pichersky (University of Michigan) for sharing C breweri IEMT clones, and we thank Dr. Scott R. Baerson (US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service4 [USDA-ARS], Natural Products Research Unit) for sharing SbOMT3 clones. This work was supported by grants from the Office of Basic Energy Science at the Department of Energy (DEAC0298CH10886) and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Brook-haven National Laboratory (06-061), contracted with the Department of Energy, to C.-J.L. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 384 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.031 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 404AV UT WOS:000263124000021 PM 18926792 ER PT J AU Garland, S Goheen, S Donald, P McDonald, L Campbell, J AF Garland, Shaun Goheen, Steven Donald, Pat McDonald, Luther Campbell, James TI Application of Derivatization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Identification and Quantitation of Pinitol in Plant Roots SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Derivatization; electron ionization; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; pinitol ID CARBOHYDRATE; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; TOLERANCE; SALINITY; INOSITOL; LEGUMES AB Pinitol (D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol), a cyclitol, has a variety of roles in plant biology, and is being used as a nutritional supplement. These applications increase the importance of finding new methods for determining the pinitol content in plant tissues. A reliable method for the identification and quantitation of pinitol using trimethylsilyl imidazole (TMSI) derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. One major ion fragment, m/z 260, was used to quantify pinitol in three plant species. Soybeans contained approximately 1.9mg/g wet weight pinitol while levels in sugar beets and snap beans were below detection limits. C1 [Goheen, Steven; Campbell, James] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Garland, Shaun] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Donald, Pat] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN USA. [McDonald, Luther] Univ W Florida, Dept Chem, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999,Battelle Blvd,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.campbell@pnl.gov FU Center for Science and Engineering Education at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by the Center for Science and Engineering Education at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Office of Science. This research was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2009 VL 42 IS 13 BP 2096 EP 2105 AR PII 914771762 DI 10.1080/00032710903082531 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 493WU UT WOS:000269770400013 ER PT S AU Uematsu, M Naganawa, M Shimizu, Y Itoh, KM Sawano, K Shiraki, Y Haller, EE AF Uematsu, M. Naganawa, M. Shimizu, Y. Itoh, K. M. Sawano, K. Shiraki, Y. Haller, E. E. BE Kolbesen, BO Fabry, L Giubertoni, D Claeys, C Bersani, M Pepponi, G TI Probing the Behaviors of Point Defects in Silicon and Germanium Using Isotope Superlattices SO ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHARACTERIZATION 6 (ALTECH 2009) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Analytical Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Process Characterization held at the 216th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, European Comm ID DIFFUSION; GROWTH AB In order to probe the fundamental behaviors of point defects in silicon and germanium, we studied the self-diffusion using isotope superlattices. In ion-implanted germanium, vacancies are in thermal equilibrium and transient enhanced diffusion is not present under the experimental conditions employed in this study. In contrast, silicon self-interstitials are supersaturated in ion-implanted silicon and the self-interstitial concentration is going down to the thermal equilibrium value toward the surface. C1 [Uematsu, M.; Naganawa, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Itoh, K. M.] Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. [Sawano, K.; Shiraki, Y.] Tokyo City Univ, Res Ctr Silicon Nanosci, Tokyo 1580082, Japan. [Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Uematsu, M (reprint author), Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RI Shimizu, Yasuo/A-8116-2011; Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 OI Shimizu, Yasuo/0000-0002-6844-8165; FU JST; Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology for INQIE; Keio Global COE Program FX This work has been supported by the Research Program on Collaborative Development of Innovative Seeds by JST, Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology for INQIE, and Keio Global COE Program. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-090-1; 978-1-56677-740-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1149/1.3204393 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7QY UT WOS:000337729000005 ER PT J AU Luo, ZC Yu, M Smith, SD Kritzer, M Du, CW Ma, Y Volkow, ND Glass, PS Benveniste, H AF Luo, Zhongchi Yu, Mei Smith, S. David Kritzer, Mary Du, Congwu Ma, Yu Volkow, Nora D. Glass, Peter S. Benveniste, Helene TI The Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine on Brain Activation During Non-Noxious and Acute Noxious Stimulation of the Forepaw: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in the Rat SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED COCAINE; AXOTOMIZED SENSORY NEURONS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE INJURY; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; SODIUM-CHANNELS; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; VIBRISSAE STIMULATION; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSES; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; SCIATIC-NERVE AB BACKGROUND: Lidocaine can alleviate acute as well as chronic neuropathic pain at very low plasma concentrations in humans and laboratory animals. The mechanism(s) underlying lidocaine's analgesic effect when administered systemically is poorly understood but clearly not related to interruption of peripheral nerve conduction. Other targets for lidocaine's analgesic action(s) have been suggested, including sodium channels and other receptor sites in the central rather than peripheral nervous system. To our knowledge, the effect of lidocaine on the brain's functional response to pain has never been investigated. Here, we therefore characterized the effect of systemic lidocaine on the brain's response to innocuous and acute noxious Stimulation in the rat using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats underwent fMRI to quantify brain activation patterns in response to innocuous and noxious forepaw Stimulation before and after IV administration of lidocaine RESULTS: Innocuous forepaw stimulation elicited brain activation only in the contralateral primary somatosensory (S1) cortex. Acute noxious forepaw stimulation induced activation in additional brain areas associated with pain perception, including the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), thalamus, insula and limbic regions. Lidocaine administered at IV doses of either 1 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg did not abolish or diminish brain activation in response to innocuous or noxious stimulation. In fact, IV doses of 4 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg lidocaine enhanced S1 and S2 responses to acute nociceptive stimulation, increasing the activated cortical volume by 50%-60%. CONCLUSION: The analgesic action of systemic lidocaine in acute pain is not reflected in a straightforward interruption of pain-induced fMRI brain activation as has been observed with opioids. The enhancement of cortical fMRI responses to acute pain by lidocaine observed here has also been reported for cocaine. We recently showed that both lidocaine and cocaine increased intracellular calcium concentrations in cortex, suggesting that this pharmacological effect Could account for the enhanced sensitivity to somatosensory stimulation. As our model only measured physiological acute pain, it will be important to also test the response of these same pathways to lidocaine in a model of neuropathic pain to further investigate lidocaine's analgesic mechanism of action. C1 [Smith, S. David; Du, Congwu; Benveniste, Helene] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Luo, Zhongchi] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yu, Mei; Du, Congwu; Ma, Yu; Glass, Peter S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kritzer, Mary] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Benveniste, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benveniste@bnl.gov FU Energy Office of Science and Biological Reseach [DE-AC02-98CHI-886]; New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research FX Supported by Department of Energy Office of Science and Biological Reseach (Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI-886), and New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 EI 1526-7598 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 108 IS 1 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818e0d34 PG 11 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 387PB UT WOS:000261963000049 PM 19095870 ER PT J AU Stamatatos, TC Teat, SJ Wernsdorfer, W Christou, G AF Stamatatos, Theocharis C. Teat, Sinion J. Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang Christou, George TI Enhancing the Quantum Properties of Manganese-Lanthanide Single- Molecule Magnets: Observation of Quantum Tunneling Steps in the Hysteresis Loops of a {Mn12Gd} Cluster SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; lanthanides; magnetic properties; manganese; single-molecule magnets ID HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; PHASE INTERFERENCE; MAGNETIZATION; COMPLEXES; RELAXATION; CRYSTAL; FAMILY C1 [Stamatatos, Theocharis C.; Christou, George] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Teat, Sinion J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang] CNRS, Inst Lab Louis Neel, Grenoble 9, France. [Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble 9, France. RP Christou, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM christou@chem.ufl.edu RI Christou, George /A-3072-2014; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/M-2280-2016 OI Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/0000-0003-4602-5257 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-0414555]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-0414555 to GC). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 39 TC 180 Z9 180 U1 7 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1002/anie.200804286 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 395QY UT WOS:000262539800011 PM 19105182 ER PT J AU Lee, S Molina, LM Lopez, MJ Alonso, JA Hammer, B Lee, B Seifert, S Winans, RE Elam, JW Pellin, MJ Vajda, S AF Lee, Sungsik Molina, Luis M. Lopez, Maria J. Alonso, Julio A. Hammer, Bjork Lee, Byeongdu Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall E. Elam, Jeffrey W. Pellin, Michael J. Vajda, Stefan TI Selective Propene Epoxidation on Immobilized Au6-10 Clusters: The Effect of Hydrogen and Water on Activity and Selectivity SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; density functional calculations; epoxidation; gold; propene ID IN-SITU GISAXS; CO OXIDATION; GOLD CATALYSTS; STABILITY; SURFACE; OXYGEN; OXIDE; NANOCLUSTERS; ADSORPTION; DEPOSITION C1 [Molina, Luis M.; Lopez, Maria J.; Alonso, Julio A.] Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Teor Atom & Opt, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. [Lee, Sungsik; Vajda, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hammer, Bjork] Univ Aarhus, iNano, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Hammer, Bjork] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Lee, Byeongdu; Seifert, Soenke; Winans, Randall E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vajda, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vajda, Stefan] Yale Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Molina, LM (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Teor Atom & Opt, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. EM lmolina@fta.uva.es RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Hammer, Bjork/C-3701-2013; Lopez, Maria/H-2492-2013; Alonso, Julio /D-5781-2016; Molina, Luis/K-5989-2016; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Lopez, Maria/0000-0001-7698-9327; Alonso, Julio /0000-0002-8604-8608; Molina, Luis/0000-0001-9559-2851; Hammer, Bjork/0000-0002-7849-6347; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU Spanish MEC [MAT2005-06544-C03-01]; JCyL [VA017A08]; US Department of Energy; BES-Chemical Sciences; BES-Materials Sciences; BES-Scientific User Facilities [DE-AC-02-06CH11357]; UChicago Argonne, LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory; Danish research councils, FNU, DSF/NABIIT, and DCSC FX Work supported by Spanish MEC (MAT2005-06544-C03-01) and JCyL (VA017A08) grants. L.M.M. acknowledges support from the "Ramon y Cajal" program. The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Chemical Sciences, BES-Materials Sciences, and BES-Scientific User Facilities under Contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357 with UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory. S.V. gratefully acknowledges the support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. B.H. acknowledges financial support from the Danish research councils, FNU, DSF/NABIIT, and DCSC. NR 30 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 10 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1467 EP 1471 DI 10.1002/anie.200804154 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 410JB UT WOS:000263572200022 PM 19152388 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Wang, HY Bi, ZX Zou, GF McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Bauer, E Hawley, ME Wang, YQ Jia, QX AF Luo, Hongmei Wang, Haiyan Bi, Zhengxing Zou, Guifu McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Bauer, Eve Hawley, Marilyn E. Wang, Yongqiang Jia, Quanxi TI Highly Conductive Films of Layered Ternary Transition-Metal Nitrides SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE nitrides; solution deposition; superconductors; thin films ID POLYMER-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; THIN-FILMS; GROWING CLASS C1 [Luo, Hongmei; Zou, Guifu; McCleskey, T. Mark; Burrell, Anthony K.; Bauer, Eve; Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Luo, Hongmei] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wang, Haiyan; Bi, Zhengxing] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hawley, Marilyn E.; Wang, Yongqiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hluo@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI ZOU, GUIFU/C-8498-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE EE-RE Solid State Lighting Program; NSF/DMR Ceramic Program [NSF 0709831] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the LANL/LDRD Program, the DOE EE-RE Solid State Lighting Program, and the NSF/DMR Ceramic Program (NSF 0709831). NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1490 EP 1493 DI 10.1002/anie.200805394 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 410JB UT WOS:000263572200028 PM 19145621 ER PT J AU Jiao, F Frei, H AF Jiao, Feng Frei, Heinz TI Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide Clusters in Mesoporous Silica as Efficient Oxygen-Evolving Catalysts SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE artificial photosynthesis; cobalt oxide; heterogeneous catalysis; nanostructures; water oxidation ID ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSIS; COLLOIDAL IRIDIUM OXIDE; EVOLUTION; OXIDATION; ELECTRODES; DRIVEN; CO3O4 C1 [Jiao, Feng; Frei, Heinz] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HMFrei@lbl.gov RI Jiao, Feng/E-7766-2010 FU Helios Solar Energy Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program FX This work was funded by the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. We thank Tim Davenport for gas adsorption measurements. NR 23 TC 455 Z9 457 U1 30 U2 348 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1841 EP 1844 DI 10.1002/anie.200805534 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 416VX UT WOS:000264034700028 PM 19173364 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Silks, LA Liu, CP Ollivault-Shiflett, M Huang, X Li, J Luo, GM Hou, YM Liu, JQ Shen, JC AF Liu, Xiaoman Silks, Lottis A. Liu, Cuiping Ollivault-Shiflett, Morgane Huang, Xin Li, Jing Luo, Guimin Hou, Ya-Ming Liu, Junqiu Shen, Jiacong TI Incorporation of Tellurocysteine into Glutathione Transferase Generates High Glutathione Peroxidase Efficiency SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE enzyme models; glutathione peroxidase; protein design; tellurium; tellurocysteine ID SYNTHETIC ORGANOSELENIUM COMPOUNDS; TRANSFER-RNA; CATALYTIC ANTIBODY; PROTEINS; SELENIUM; TELLUROMETHIONINE; AMINOACYLATION; SELENOCYSTEINE; CYCLODEXTRIN; MIMICS C1 [Liu, Xiaoman; Huang, Xin; Li, Jing; Luo, Guimin; Liu, Junqiu; Shen, Jiacong] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Supramol Struct & Mat, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Silks, Lottis A.; Ollivault-Shiflett, Morgane] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, Cuiping; Hou, Ya-Ming] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Liu, JQ (reprint author), Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Supramol Struct & Mat, 2699 Qianjin Rd, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. EM junqiuliu@jlu.edu.cn RI Huang, Xin/B-3807-2011; OI Hou, Ya-Ming/0000-0001-6546-2597; Silks, Pete/0000-0002-2993-5630 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [20534030, 20874036]; NSFC for Outstanding Younger Scientists [20725415]; National Basic Research Program [2007CB808006]; 111 Project [1306009] FX We acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20534030, 20874036), the NSFC for Outstanding Younger Scientists (No. 20725415), the National Basic Research Program (2007CB808006), and the 111 Project (1306009). We thank Prof. August Bock for providing the cysteine-auxotrophic expression system and Prof. Nediljko Budisa for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2020 EP 2023 DI 10.1002/anie.200805365 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 420PK UT WOS:000264301500028 PM 19199319 ER PT J AU Wegner, SV Boyaci, H Chen, H Jensen, MP He, C AF Wegner, Seraphine V. Boyaci, Hande Chen, Hao Jensen, Mark P. He, Chuan TI Engineering A Uranyl-Specific Binding Protein from NikR SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; metalloproteins; nickel; protein engineering; uranium ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI NIKR; METAL-BINDING; URANIUM; SELECTIVITY; REDUCTION; AFFINITY; IONS; DNA; COORDINATION; CHEMISTRY C1 [Wegner, Seraphine V.; Boyaci, Hande; Chen, Hao; He, Chuan] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jensen, Mark P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP He, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM chuanhe@uchicago.edu RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Wegner, Seraphine/I-4331-2016 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 13 BP 2339 EP 2341 DI 10.1002/anie.200805262 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 427MW UT WOS:000264784400015 PM 19199314 ER PT J AU Duriska, MB Neville, SM Moubaraki, B Cashion, JA Halder, GJ Chapman, KW Balde, C Letard, JF Murray, KS Kepert, CJ Batten, SR AF Duriska, Martin B. Neville, Suzanne M. Moubaraki, Boujemaa Cashion, John A. Halder, Gregory J. Chapman, Karena W. Balde, Cherif Letard, Jean-Francois Murray, Keith S. Kepert, Cameron J. Batten, Stuart R. TI A Nanoscale Molecular Switch Triggered by Thermal, Light, and Guest Perturbation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE host-guest systems; magnetic properties; nanostructures; spin crossover; supramolecular chemistry ID IRON(II) SPIN-CROSSOVER; ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LIGANDS; NANOPARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; FUNCTIONALITY; BISTABILITY; POLYHEDRA; NANOBALLS C1 [Duriska, Martin B.; Neville, Suzanne M.; Moubaraki, Boujemaa; Murray, Keith S.; Batten, Stuart R.] Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Cashion, John A.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Balde, Cherif; Letard, Jean-Francois] CNRS, UPR 9048, ICMCB, Lab Sci Mol, F-75700 Paris, France. [Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Batten, SR (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM stuart.batten@sci.monash.edu.au RI Batten, Stuart/A-1061-2008; Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; neville, suzanne/B-4531-2013; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; Murray, Keith/B-9518-2014; neville, suzanne/B-2254-2016 OI Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706; Batten, Stuart/0000-0002-4603-8683; neville, suzanne/0000-0003-4237-4046; FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [HE9522232, CHE0087817]; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; French-Australia FAST/DEST FX We thank the Australian Research Council, the protein crystallography beamline staff at the Australian Synchrotron, the Advanced Photon Source supported by the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program, the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy (HE9522232 and CHE0087817) and the Illinois Board of Higher Education, the Argonne National Laboratory supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science (DE-AC02-06CH11357), the French-Australia FAST/DEST grant, the Aquitaine Region, and Dr. Simon Iremonger for his assistance. NR 35 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 14 BP 2549 EP 2552 DI 10.1002/anie.200805178 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 425UA UT WOS:000264661600022 PM 19107885 ER PT J AU Hooker, JM Reibel, AT Hill, SM Schueller, MJ Fowler, JS AF Hooker, Jacob M. Reibel, Achim T. Hill, Sidney M. Schueller, Michael J. Fowler, Joanna S. TI One-Pot, Direct Incorporation of [C-11]CO2 into Carbamates SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbamates; carbon-11; isotopic labeling; positron emission tomography; radiochemistry ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRIMARY AMINES; C-11; EFFICIENT; MONOXIDE; PHOSGENE; CO2; CARBONYLATION; CHLORIDES; HALIDES C1 [Hooker, Jacob M.; Schueller, Michael J.; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Reibel, Achim T.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Hill, Sidney M.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hill, Sidney M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. RP Hooker, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooker@bnl.gov OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 FU Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIH [1F32EB008320-01]; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD); BNL FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory (contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy and supported by its Office of Biological and Environmental Research).).M.H. was supported by the NIH (1F32EB008320-01) and a Goldhaber Fellowship at BNL. A.T.R was supported by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) and BNL. NR 33 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 19 BP 3482 EP 3485 DI 10.1002/anie.200900112 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 443ZU UT WOS:000265950100019 PM 19350593 ER PT J AU Cantat, T Graves, CR Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL AF Cantat, Thibault Graves, Christopher R. Scott, Brian L. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. TI Challenging the Metallocene Dominance in Actinide Chemistry with a Soft PNP Pincer Ligand: New Uranium Structures and Reactivity Patterns SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; hydrazonido compounds; metallocenes; N,P ligands; uranium ID VALENT ORGANOURANIUM COMPLEXES; C-H ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; HALIDE-COMPLEXES; MULTIPLE BONDS; F-ELEMENT; TRIVALENT; URANYL; DIPHENYLDIAZOMETHANE; DIAZOALKANES C1 [Cantat, Thibault; Graves, Christopher R.; Scott, Brian L.; Kiplinger, Jaqueline L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Cantat, Thibault/A-8167-2010; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Cantat, Thibault/0000-0001-5265-8179; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 FU LANL; G.T Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science; Heavy Element Chemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We acknowledge LANL (Director's PID Fellowships to T.C. and C.R.G.), G.T Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science (PID Fellowship to C.R.C.), and the Heavy Element Chemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences for financial support of this work. We thank Anthony Mancinco for the design of the inside cover art. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 20 BP 3681 EP 3684 DI 10.1002/anie.200806115 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 447EK UT WOS:000266174200026 PM 19222081 ER PT J AU Spencer, LP Schelter, EJ Yang, P Gdula, RL Scott, BL Thompson, JD Kiplinger, JL Batista, ER Boncella, JM AF Spencer, Liam P. Schelter, Eric J. Yang, Ping Gdula, Robyn L. Scott, Brian L. Thompson, Joe D. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. Batista, Enrique R. Boncella, James M. TI Cation-Cation Interactions, Magnetic Communication, and Reactivity of the Pentavalent Uranium Ion [U(NtBu)(2)](+) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; cation-cation interactions; f orbitals; imides; uranium ID URANYL ARYLOXIDE COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; IMIDO ANALOGS; LIGANDS; VALENT; ORGANOIMIDO; ACCESS C1 [Spencer, Liam P.; Schelter, Eric J.; Yang, Ping; Gdula, Robyn L.; Scott, Brian L.; Thompson, Joe D.; Kiplinger, Jaqueline L.; Batista, Enrique R.; Boncella, James M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM boncella@lanl.gov RI Yang, Ping/E-5355-2011; Schelter, Eric/E-2962-2013; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Yang, Ping/0000-0003-4726-2860; Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 29 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 21 BP 3795 EP 3798 DI 10.1002/anie.200806190 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 448PY UT WOS:000266275700013 PM 19378314 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Bosano, J Bonnesen, PV Kertesz, V Hay, BP AF Custelcean, Radu Bosano, Jerome Bonnesen, Peter V. Kertesz, Vilmos Hay, Benjamin P. TI Computer-Aided Design of a Sulfate-Encapsulating Receptor SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE anions; cage compounds; hydrogen bonds; self-assembly; supramolecular chemistry ID TETRAHEDRAL CAGE COMPLEXES; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; COORDINATION CAGES; BASIC SOLUTION; ANION-BINDING; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; ORTHOFORMATE HYDROLYSIS; SYNTHETIC RECEPTORS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SOLID-STATE C1 [Custelcean, Radu; Bosano, Jerome; Bonnesen, Peter V.; Kertesz, Vilmos; Hay, Benjamin P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov; haybp@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with ORNL, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. A portion of the receptor synthesis and characterization was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at ORNL under user proposal 2007-226, sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. NR 68 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 22 BP 4025 EP 4029 DI 10.1002/anie.200900108 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 450QH UT WOS:000266415400021 PM 19378309 ER PT J AU Chang, PV Chen, X Smyrniotis, C Xenakis, A Hu, TS Bertozzi, CR Wu, P AF Chang, Pamela V. Chen, Xing Smyrniotis, Chris Xenakis, Alexander Hu, Tianshun Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Wu, Peng TI Metabolic Labeling of Sialic Acids in Living Animals with Alkynyl Sugars SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alkynes; click chemistry; glycobiology; nonnatural sugars; sialic acids ID STAUDINGER LIGATION; TERMINAL ALKYNES; CELL-SURFACES; CANCER; GLYCANS; GLYCOPROTEOMICS; CYCLOADDITION; VISUALIZATION; EXPRESSION; AZIDES C1 [Chang, Pamela V.; Chen, Xing; Smyrniotis, Chris; Xenakis, Alexander; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Pamela V.; Chen, Xing; Smyrniotis, Chris; Xenakis, Alexander; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Pamela V.; Chen, Xing; Smyrniotis, Chris; Xenakis, Alexander; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Pamela V.; Chen, Xing; Smyrniotis, Chris; Xenakis, Alexander; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Mol Foundry Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hu, Tianshun; Wu, Peng] Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu; pewu@aecom.yu.Edu RI Hu, Tianshun/C-3305-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Institutes of Health [4R00G-M080585-03]; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; National Science Foundation; American Chemical Society Division of Medicinal Chemistry FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 (C.R.B.), as well as a grant from the National Institutes of Health to P.W. (4R00G-M080585-03) and startup funds from Albert Einstein College of Medicine (P.W.). P.VC. was supported by predoctoral fellowships from the National Science Foundation and the American Chemical Society Division of Medicinal Chemistry. We thank the Glycotechnology Core Resource at UC San Diego for sialic acid analysis. We also thank J. Baskin for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 22 BP 4030 EP 4033 DI 10.1002/anie.200806319 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 450QH UT WOS:000266415400022 PM 19388017 ER PT J AU Klivansky, LM Koshkakaryan, G Cap, D Liu, Y AF Klivansky, Liana M. Koshkakaryan, Gayane Cap, Dennis Liu, Yi TI Linear pi-Acceptor-Templated Dynamic Clipping to Macrobicycles and [2]Rotaxanes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE dynamic covalent chemistry; pi interactions; rotaxanes; self-assembly; template synthesis ID RING-CLOSING METATHESIS; MOLECULAR MACHINES; THERMODYNAMIC CONTROL; DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; COORDINATION CAGES; OLEFIN METATHESIS; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; MECHANICAL BONDS C1 [Klivansky, Liana M.; Koshkakaryan, Gayane; Cap, Dennis; Liu, Yi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koshkakaryan, Gayane; Cap, Dennis] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yliu@lbl.gov RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008; Cao, Dennis/C-2240-2013 OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102; Cao, Dennis/0000-0002-0315-1619 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05 CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05 CH11231. We thank Dr. Christian G. Canlas and Dr. Rudi Nunlist from University of California, Berkeley for their help on NMR measurements. NR 85 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 23 BP 4185 EP 4189 DI 10.1002/anie.200900716 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 452GH UT WOS:000266527800021 PM 19408269 ER PT J AU Schoffel, J Rogachev, AY George, SD Burger, P AF Schoeffel, Julia Rogachev, Andrey Yu. George, Serena DeBeer Burger, Peter TI Isolation and Hydrogenation of a Complex with a Terminal Iridium-Nitrido Bond SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrogenation; iridium; multiple bonds; nitrides; quantum chemistry ID STERICALLY DEMANDING LIGANDS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; OXO COMPLEX; REACTIVITY C1 [Schoeffel, Julia; Rogachev, Andrey Yu.; Burger, Peter] Univ Hamburg, Dept Chem, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [George, Serena DeBeer] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Burger, P (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Dept Chem, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM burger@chemie.uni-hamburg.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX Support of this research by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Uta Sazama for DSC and DTGA/MS measurements and Dr. E.T.K. Haupt for recording the 15N NMR spectra and Daniel Sieh and Katharina Gbtz for assistance with the syntheses. We are indebted to Dr. V. Zaporojtchenko (Christian-Albrechts-Universitit Kiel) for performing XPS measurements and for assistance with the data analysis and to Prof. Frank Neese (Universitit Bonn) for stimulating discussions. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 26 BP 4734 EP 4738 DI 10.1002/anie.200901494 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 464GX UT WOS:000267494500008 PM 19466728 ER PT J AU Godula, K Rabuka, D Nam, KT Bertozzi, CR AF Godula, Kamil Rabuka, David Nam, Ki Tae Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Synthesis and Microcontact Printing of Dual End-Functionalized Mucin-like Glycopolymers for Microarray Applications SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE click chemistry; glycopolymers; micropatterning; mucin; polymerization ID CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; CLICK CHEMISTRY; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GLYCOPROTEIN MIMICS; MULTIVALENT LIGANDS; RAFT POLYMERIZATION; GLYCAN MICROARRAY; CARBON NANOTUBES C1 [Godula, Kamil; Rabuka, David; Nam, Ki Tae; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Godula, Kamil; Rabuka, David; Nam, Ki Tae; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Nam, Ki Tae/A-1866-2011 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM059907, R01 GM059907]; PHS HHS [K99M080585-01] NR 55 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 27 BP 4973 EP 4976 DI 10.1002/anie.200805756 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467CJ UT WOS:000267713800017 PM 19479916 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Wu, LM Li, LH Du, SW Corbett, JD Chen, L AF Liu, Yi Wu, Li-Ming Li, Long-Hua Du, Shao-Wu Corbett, John D. Chen, Ling TI The Antimony-Based Type I Clathrate Compounds Cs8Cd18Sb28 and Cs8Zn18Sb28 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE antimony; clathrates; solid-state reactions; Zintl phases ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIAL; PHONON-GLASS; CRYSTAL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BA8CU16P30; TRANSITION; GERMANIUM; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; ZN4SB3 C1 [Liu, Yi; Wu, Li-Ming; Li, Long-Hua; Du, Shao-Wu; Chen, Ling] Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Corbett, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM chenl@fjirsm.ac.cn RI feng, bin/A-8878-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20773130, 20733003, 20821061]; "Key Project from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter" [SZD08002]; "Key Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences" [KJCX2-YW-HO1, CXJJ-219]; 973 Program [2007CB815306, 2009CB939801]; Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Projects (20773130, 20733003, 20821061), "Key Project from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter" (SZD08002), and the "Key Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences" (KJCX2-YW-HO1, CXJJ-219), 973 Program (2007CB815306, 2009CB939801). The work in the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). We thank Mei-Chun Chen and Wu-Zui Zheng, and Hua Lin and Peng Wang for their help in confirmative experiments. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 29 BP 5305 EP 5308 DI 10.1002/anie.200806158 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 469SO UT WOS:000267920900009 PM 19536797 ER PT J AU Tian, J Thallapally, PK Dalgarno, SJ McGrail, PB Atwood, JL AF Tian, Jian Thallapally, Praveen K. Dalgarno, Scott J. McGrail, Peter B. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Amorphous Molecular Organic Solids for Gas Adsorption SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE adsorption; amorphous materials; molecular organic solids; solid-state structures ID INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY PIMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COORDINATION POLYMER; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; RETICULAR SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; FRAMEWORKS; METHANE; NORIA; CRYSTAL C1 [Tian, Jian; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thallapally, Praveen K.; McGrail, Peter B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dalgarno, Scott J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci Chem, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM atwoodj@missouri.edu RI Tian, Jian/I-8637-2012; thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014; Dalgarno, Scott/A-7358-2010 OI thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467; Dalgarno, Scott/0000-0001-7831-012X FU NSF; DOE; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) FX We acknowledge the NSF and DOE for financial support of this work. P.K.T. thanks the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for work performed in the Environmental Sciences Laboratory. PNNL is a multi-program laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76L01830. NR 40 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 30 BP 5492 EP 5495 DI 10.1002/anie.200900479 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 474NI UT WOS:000268290400020 PM 19496094 ER PT J AU Warren, MR Brayshaw, SK Johnson, AL Schiffers, S Raithby, PR Easun, TL George, MW Warren, JE Teat, SJ AF Warren, Mark R. Brayshaw, Simon K. Johnson, Andrew L. Schiffers, Stefanie Raithby, Paul R. Easun, Timothy L. George, Michael W. Warren, John E. Teat, Simon J. TI Reversible 100% Linkage Isomerization in a Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Transformation: Photocrystallographic Identification of the Metastable [Ni(dppe)(eta(1)-ONO)Cl] Isomer SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE linkage isomerism; metastable compounds; nitrites; photocrystallography; Raman spectroscopy ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; EXCITED-STATE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; PROTEIN; NITRO C1 [Warren, Mark R.; Brayshaw, Simon K.; Johnson, Andrew L.; Schiffers, Stefanie; Raithby, Paul R.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Easun, Timothy L.; George, Michael W.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Warren, John E.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raithby, PR (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk; m.w.george@nottingham.ac.uk RI Easun, Timothy/B-9100-2011; Warren, John/B-5219-2008; Raithby, Paul/N-7997-2014 OI Easun, Timothy/0000-0002-0713-2642; Warren, John/0000-0002-8755-7981; Raithby, Paul/0000-0002-2944-0662 FU EPSRC [EP/D058147, EP/D054397]; Senior Research Fellowship; Royal Society FX We are grateful to the EPSRC for financial support for the project (EP/D058147 and EP/D054397) and for studentships to M.R.W., S.S., and a Senior Research Fellowship to P.R.R. M.W.G. gratefully acknowledges receipt of a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. Prof. Neil Champness is thanked for helpful discussions; dlppe = 1,2bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 31 BP 5711 EP 5714 DI 10.1002/anie.200901706 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 477SD UT WOS:000268538100028 PM 19565589 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Nyman, M Anderson, TM AF Antonio, Mark R. Nyman, May Anderson, Travis M. TI Direct Observation of Contact Ion-Pair Formation in Aqueous Solution SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alkali metals; cluster compounds; ion pairs; polyoxometalates; small-angle X-ray scattering ID X-RAY SOLUTION; SOLID-STATE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; LINDQVIST ION; SCATTERING; COMPLEXES; HETEROPOLYNIOBATES; PRECIPITATION; ASSOCIATION; INSTRUMENT C1 [Antonio, Mark R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nyman, May; Anderson, Travis M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mantonio@anl.gov; mdnyman@sandia.gov OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 39 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 33 BP 6136 EP 6140 DI 10.1002/anie.200805323 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481YP UT WOS:000268850100032 PM 19396852 ER PT J AU Moon, HR Urban, JJ Milliron, DJ AF Moon, Hoi Ri Urban, Jeffrey J. Milliron, Delia J. TI Size-Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Monodisperse Colloidal Magnesium Oxide Nanocrystals SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE colloids; luminescence; metal oxides; nanocrystals; synthesis design ID SURFACE; MGO; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITES C1 [Moon, Hoi Ri; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Milliron, Delia J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milliron, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 67R4110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmilliron@lbl.gov RI Moon, Hoi Ri /E-5892-2010; Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 34 BP 6278 EP 6281 DI 10.1002/anie.200902056 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 484ZM UT WOS:000269089900016 PM 19621405 ER PT J AU Pigga, JM Kistler, ML Shew, CY Antonio, MR Liu, TB AF Pigga, Joseph M. Kistler, Melissa L. Shew, Chwen-Yang Antonio, Mark R. Liu, Tianbo TI Counterion Distribution around Hydrophilic Molecular Macroanions: The Source of the Attractive Force in Self-Assembly SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; counterion association; polyoxometalates; self-assembly; solvent effects ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CATION SIZE; ION-PAIRS; CONDENSATION; SPHERES; SOLVENT C1 [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Antonio, Mark R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pigga, Joseph M.; Kistler, Melissa L.; Liu, Tianbo] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Shew, CY (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM shew@mail.csi.cuny.edu; mantonio@anl.gov; liu@lehigh.edu RI Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 35 BP 6538 EP 6542 DI 10.1002/anie.200902050 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 486ZM UT WOS:000269239700035 PM 19630043 ER PT J AU Sun, YG Lei, CH AF Sun, Yugang Lei, Changhui TI Synthesis of Out-of-Substrate Au-Ag Nanoplates with Enhanced Stability for Catalysis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alloys; gold; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoplates; silver ID SILVER NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; SHELL; GOLD C1 [Sun, Yugang] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lei, Changhui] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 60801 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 FU US Department of Energy Office [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEFG02-91-ER45439] FX The submitted manuscript was created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Characterizations were also carried out by partially using the Center for Microanalysis of Materials Facilities in Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG02-91-ER45439. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 37 BP 6824 EP 6827 DI 10.1002/anie.200902305 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 495ZU UT WOS:000269937200010 PM 19688797 ER PT J AU Kelly, RT Page, JS Marginean, I Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Kelly, Ryan T. Page, Jason S. Marginean, Ioan Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Dilution-Free Analysis from Picoliter Droplets by Nano-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; microdroplets; microfluidics; nanoelectrospray; single cells ID SINGLE-CELLS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; ENCAPSULATION; MICRODROPLETS; SEPARATION; PROTEOMICS; ONLINE; VOLUME C1 [Kelly, Ryan T.; Page, Jason S.; Marginean, Ioan; Tang, Keqi; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kelly, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ryan.kelly@pnl.gov RI Marginean, Ioan/A-4183-2008; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Marginean, Ioan/0000-0002-6693-0361; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU U.S. D.O.E. Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the NIH NCRR [RR018522]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; WA State Life Sciences Discovery Fund; PNNL Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory FX This research was supported by the U.S. D.O.E. Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the NIH NCRR (RR018522), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the WA State Life Sciences Discovery Fund. Microfabrication and experimental work were performed in the PNNL Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 37 BP 6832 EP 6835 DI 10.1002/anie.200902501 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 495ZU UT WOS:000269937200012 PM 19688798 ER PT J AU Sletten, EM Bertozzi, CR AF Sletten, Ellen M. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE alkynes; azides; bioconjugation; bioorthogonal reactions; Staudinger ligation ID SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION; TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE; CELL-SURFACE-PROTEINS; UNNATURAL AMINO-ACIDS; TRACELESS STAUDINGER LIGATION; AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; GLCNAC-MODIFIED PROTEINS; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LANTHANIDE-BINDING TAGS C1 [Sletten, Ellen M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM058867, R37 GM058867-12] NR 342 TC 1076 Z9 1085 U1 86 U2 671 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 38 BP 6974 EP 6998 DI 10.1002/anie.200900942 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 497KM UT WOS:000270058100007 PM 19714693 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Graciani, J Evans, J Park, JB Yang, F Stacchiola, D Senanayake, SD Ma, SG Perez, M Liu, P Sanz, JF Hrbek, J AF Rodriguez, Jose A. Graciani, Jesus Evans, Jaime Park, Joon B. Yang, Fan Stacchiola, Dario Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Ma, Shuguo Perez, Manuel Liu, Ping Fdez Sanz, Javier Hrbek, Jan TI Water-Gas Shift Reaction on a Highly Active Inverse CeOx/Cu(111) Catalyst: Unique Role of Ceria Nanoparticles SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ceria; copper; heterogeneous catalysis; nanocatalysts; water-gas shift reaction ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CU; MECHANISM; CU(111); COPPER; MODEL; HYDROGEN; AU(111); SURFACE; XPS C1 [Rodriguez, Jose A.; Graciani, Jesus; Park, Joon B.; Yang, Fan; Stacchiola, Dario; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Ma, Shuguo; Liu, Ping; Hrbek, Jan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Evans, Jaime; Perez, Manuel] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Fdez Sanz, Javier] Univ Seville, Dept Quim Fis, E-41012 Seville, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009; Graciani, Jesus/B-1136-2009; Stacchiola, Dario/B-1918-2009; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013; YANG, FAN/J-2706-2012 OI Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232; Stacchiola, Dario/0000-0001-5494-3205; YANG, FAN/0000-0002-1406-9717 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0298CH10886]; MICINN [MAT2008-04918]; Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (Spain) FX The work performed at BNL was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC0298CH10886. J.E. and M.P. are grateful to INTEVEP for partial support of the work carried out at the UCV. The work done at Seville was funded by MICINN, grant no MAT2008-04918 and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (Spain). NR 34 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 17 U2 136 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 43 BP 8047 EP 8050 DI 10.1002/anie.200903918 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 510YR UT WOS:000271130900016 PM 19780089 ER PT J AU Karotsis, G Teat, SJ Wernsdorfer, W Piligkos, S Dalgarno, SJ Brechin, EK AF Karotsis, Georgios Teat, Simon J. Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang Piligkos, Stergios Dalgarno, Scott J. Brechin, Euan K. TI Calix[4]arene-Based Single-Molecule Magnets SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE calixarenes; magnetic properties; manganese; self-assembly; supramolecular chemistry ID MAGNETIZATION; STATE; TRANSPORT; CAPSULES; CLUSTERS; CRYSTAL C1 [Dalgarno, Scott J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Karotsis, Georgios; Brechin, Euan K.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang] CNRS, Inst Neel, Grenoble 9, France. [Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang] Univ J Fourier, Grenoble 9, France. [Piligkos, Stergios] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dalgarno, SJ (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM s.j.dalgarno@hw.ac.uk; ebrechin@staffmail.ed.ac.uk RI Piligkos, Stergios/C-7409-2013; Dalgarno, Scott/A-7358-2010; Brechin, Euan/M-5130-2014; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/M-2280-2016 OI Piligkos, Stergios/0000-0002-4011-6476; Dalgarno, Scott/0000-0001-7831-012X; Brechin, Euan/0000-0002-9365-370X; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang/0000-0003-4602-5257 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 37 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 44 BP 8285 EP 8288 DI 10.1002/anie.200904094 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 513DP UT WOS:000271302900019 PM 19784991 ER PT J AU Sootsman, JR Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG AF Sootsman, Joseph R. Chung, Duck Young Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI New and Old Concepts in Thermoelectric Materials SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE energy conversion; materials science; semiconductors; solid-state chemistry; thermoelectric materials ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HALF-HEUSLER COMPOUNDS; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES; TERNARY BISMUTH CHALCOGENIDES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POWER-GENERATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-CONVERSION C1 [Sootsman, Joseph R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chung, Duck Young; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu FU Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0867, N00014-03-1-0789, N00014-06-1-0730, N00014-08-1-613]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support (grants N00014-02-1-0867, N00014-03-1-0789, N00014-06-1-0730, N00014-08-1-613). We express our deep appreciation to our collaborators including Professors T Hogan, E. Case, H. Schock, S. D. Mahanti, C. Uher, K. M. Paraskevopoulos, T Kyratsi, many students and postdocs in our group who have worked on the thermoelectric project and their names appear many references in this review. The authors also thank the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 230 TC 746 Z9 762 U1 115 U2 849 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 46 BP 8616 EP 8639 DI 10.1002/anie.200900598 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 522AO UT WOS:000271969400003 PM 19866458 ER PT J AU Ben, T Ren, H Ma, SQ Cao, DP Lan, JH Jing, XF Wang, WC Xu, J Deng, F Simmons, JM Qiu, SL Zhu, GS AF Ben, Teng Ren, Hao Ma, Shengqian Cao, Dapeng Lan, Jianhui Jing, Xiaofei Wang, Wenchuan Xu, Jun Deng, Feng Simmons, Jason M. Qiu, Shilun Zhu, Guangshan TI Targeted Synthesis of a Porous Aromatic Framework with High Stability and Exceptionally High Surface Area SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE adsorption; carbon dioxide; hydrogen; organic frameworks; porous materials ID COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MICROPOROUS POLYMERS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; NETWORKS; MIL-100 C1 [Ben, Teng; Ren, Hao; Jing, Xiaofei; Qiu, Shilun; Zhu, Guangshan] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgar Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. [Ma, Shengqian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cao, Dapeng; Lan, Jianhui; Wang, Wenchuan] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Key Lab Nanomat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Jun; Deng, Feng] Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Simmons, Jason M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qiu, SL (reprint author), Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgar Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. EM sqiu@jlu.edu.cn; zhugs@jlu.edu.cn RI Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Zhu, Guangshan/E-2024-2013; Ben, Teng/B-4634-2011; Wang, Wenchuan/G-2961-2010; Cao, Dapeng/G-2808-2010 OI Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Ben, Teng/0000-0002-0847-330X; Cao, Dapeng/0000-0002-6981-7794 NR 30 TC 597 Z9 606 U1 76 U2 567 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 50 BP 9457 EP 9460 DI 10.1002/anie.200904637 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 532PM UT WOS:000272761900009 PM 19921728 ER PT J AU Wu, W Hsiao, SC Carrico, ZM Francis, MB AF Wu, Wesley Hsiao, Sonny C. Carrico, Zachary M. Francis, Matthew B. TI Genome-Free Viral Capsids as Multivalent Carriers for Taxol Delivery SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE antitumor agents; bioconjugation; capsids; drug delivery; viruses ID POLYESTER DENDRITIC SYSTEMS; PROTEIN CAGE ARCHITECTURE; TARGETED DRUG-DELIVERY; WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS; IN-VITRO; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; CARBON NANOTUBES; CANCER-TREATMENT; CONTRAST AGENTS; THERAPEUTICS C1 [Wu, Wesley; Hsiao, Sonny C.; Carrico, Zachary M.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Wesley; Hsiao, Sonny C.; Carrico, Zachary M.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072700, R01 GM072700-05] NR 45 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 50 BP 9493 EP 9497 DI 10.1002/anie.200902426 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 532PM UT WOS:000272761900018 PM 19921725 ER PT J AU Stephanopoulos, N Carrico, ZM Francis, MB AF Stephanopoulos, Nicholas Carrico, Zachary M. Francis, Matthew B. TI Nanoscale Integration of Sensitizing Chromophores and Porphyrins with Bacteriophage MS2 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioconjugation; energy transfer; photocatalysis; porphyrinoids; viruses ID LIGHT-HARVESTING SYSTEMS; MULTIPORPHYRIN ARRAYS; ANTENNA COMPLEX; GENETIC-CODE; PROTEINS; ENERGY; SCAFFOLD; SURFACE; DESIGN; GENERATION C1 [Stephanopoulos, Nicholas; Carrico, Zachary M.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stephanopoulos, Nicholas; Carrico, Zachary M.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008352, T32 GM066698]; PHS HHS [T32M008352] NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 50 BP 9498 EP 9502 DI 10.1002/anie.200902727 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 532PM UT WOS:000272761900019 PM 19921726 ER PT J AU Chen, WZ Rein, FN Rocha, RC AF Chen, Weizhong Rein, Francisca N. Rocha, Reginaldo C. TI Homogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols by a Chromophore-Catalyst Dyad of Ruthenium Complexes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; homogeneous catalysis; photocatalysis; photooxidation; ruthenium ID COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER; ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATE; PHOTOOXIDATION; ALDEHYDES; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; OXYGEN C1 [Chen, Weizhong; Rocha, Reginaldo C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rein, Francisca N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rcrocha@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at LANL. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 51 BP 9672 EP 9675 DI 10.1002/anie.200904756 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 537DR UT WOS:000273093700014 PM 19918829 ER PT J AU Bligaard, T AF Bligaard, Thomas TI Linear Energy Relations and the Computational Design of Selective Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation Catalysts SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material DE computational chemistry; dehydrogenation; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation ID EVANS-POLANYI RELATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; SURFACES; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROGENATION; ADSORPTION; AMMONIA; LECTURE; CO C1 [Bligaard, Thomas] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Bligaard, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bligaard, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM bligaard@fysik.dtu.dk RI Bligaard, Thomas/A-6161-2011 OI Bligaard, Thomas/0000-0001-9834-9179 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 52 BP 9782 EP 9784 DI 10.1002/anie.200905141 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 541WO UT WOS:000273452200006 PM 19937887 ER PT J AU Birn, J Hesse, M AF Birn, J. Hesse, M. TI Reconnection in substorms and solar flares: analogies and differences SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Storms and substorms; Space plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLUX ROPES; TEST PARTICLE ORBITS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOTAIL; INJECTIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Magnetic reconnection is the crucial process in the release of magnetic energy associated with magnetospheric substorms and with solar flares. On the basis of three-dimensional resistive MHD simulations we investigate similarities and differences between the two scenarios. We address in particular mechanisms that lead to the onset of reconnection and energy release, transport, and conversion mechanisms. Analogous processes might exist in the motion of field line footpoints on the sun and in magnetic flux addition to the magnetotail. In both cases such processes might lead to a loss of neighboring equilibrium, characterized by the formation of a very thin embedded current sheet, which acts as trigger for reconnection. We find that Joule (or ohmic) dissipation plays only a minor role in the overall energy transfer associated with reconnection. The dominant transfer of released magnetic energy occurs to electromagnetic energy (Poynting) flux and to thermal energy transport as enthalpy flux. The former dominates in low-beta, specifically initially force-free current sheets expected for the solar corona, while the latter dominates in high-beta current sheets, such as the magnetotail. In both cases the outflow from the reconnection site becomes bursty, i.e. spatially and temporally localized, yet carrying most of the outflow energy. Hence an analogy might exist between bursty bulk flows (BBFs) in the magnetotail and pulses of Poynting flux in solar flares. Further similarities might exist in the role of collapsing magnetic flux tubes, as a consequence of reconnection, in the heating and acceleration of charged particles. C1 [Birn, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hesse, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA's Heliophysics Theory FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, supported by NASA's Heliophysics Theory and Supporting Research and Technology programs. The authors thank L. Fletcher and T. Neukirch for valuable discussions. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1067 EP 1078 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 425ZI UT WOS:000264676500016 ER PT J AU Spanswick, E Donovan, E Liu, W Liang, J Blake, JB Reeves, G Friedel, R Jackel, B Cully, C Weatherwax, A AF Spanswick, E. Donovan, E. Liu, W. Liang, J. Blake, J. B. Reeves, G. Friedel, R. Jackel, B. Cully, C. Weatherwax, A. TI Global observations of substorm injection region evolution: 27 August 2001 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Energetic particles, precipitating; Magnetotail; Storms and substorms ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE; PRECIPITATION AB We present riometer and in situ observations of a substorm electron injection on 27 August 2001. The event is seen at more than 20 separate locations (including ground stations and 6 satellites: Cluster, Polar, Chandra, and 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) spacecraft). The injection is observed to be dispersionless at 12 of these locations. Combining these observations with information from the GOES-8 geosynchronous satellite we argue that the injection initiated near geosynchronous orbit and expanded pole-ward (tailward) and equatorward (earthward) afterward. Further, the injection began several minutes after the reconnection identified in the Cluster data, thus providing concrete evidence that, in at least some events, near-Earth reconnection has little if any ionospheric signature. C1 [Spanswick, E.; Donovan, E.; Jackel, B.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Liu, W.; Liang, J.] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada. [Blake, J. B.] Aero Space, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Reeves, G.; Friedel, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Cully, C.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Weatherwax, A.] Siena Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Spanswick, E (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM elspansw@ucalgary.ca RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Cully, Christopher/P-2539-2016; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU The Canadian Space Agency; NSF [ATM-0753451, ANT-0638587] FX The Canadian Space Agency provides financial and operational support for the CGSM riometer array and the Meridian Scanning Photometer at GILL. We acknowledge the efforts of Don Wallis and Fokke Creutzberg in maintaining these instruments. Siena College gratefully acknowledges support form NSF grants ATM-0753451 and ANT-0638587.; We thank the Cluster FGM, CIS, RAPID and EFW instrument teams, as well as the Cluster Active Archive for access to the data.; Topical Editor R. Nakamura thanks M. Volwerk and another anonymous referee for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2019 EP 2025 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450NC UT WOS:000266406300020 ER PT J AU Henderson, MG AF Henderson, M. G. TI Observational evidence for an inside-out substorm onset scenario SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Auroral phenomena; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Storms and substorms ID HIGH-SPEED FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; THERMAL CATASTROPHE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GROWTH-PHASE; MAGNETOTAIL; MODEL; INSTABILITY; INTENSIFICATIONS AB We present observations which provide strong support for a substorm expansion phase onset scenario in which a localized inner magnetospheric instability developed first and was later followed by the development of a Near Earth Neutral Line (NENL) farther down-tail. Specifically, we find that the onset began as a localized brightening of an intensified growth phase arc which developed as a periodic series of arc-aligned (i.e. azimuthally arrayed) bright spots. As the disturbance grew, it evolved into vortical structures that propagated poleward and eventually morphed into an east-west aligned arc system at the poleward edge of the auroral substorm bulge. The evolution of the auroral intensity is consistent with an exponential growth with an e-folding time of around 188 s (corresponding to a linear growth rate, gamma of 5.33 x 10(-3) s(-1)). During the initial breakup, no obvious distortions of auroral forms to the north were observed. However, during the expansion phase, intensifications of the poleward boundary of the expanding bulge were observed together with the equatorward ejection of auroral streamers into the bulge. A strong particle injection was observed at geosynchronous orbit, but was delayed by several minutes relative to onset. Ground magnetometer data also shows a two phase development of mid-latitude positive H-bays, with a quasi-linear increase in H between the onset and the injection. We conclude that this event provides strong evidence in favor of the so-called "inside-out" substorm onset scenario in which the near Earth region activates first followed at a later time by the formation of a near-to-mid tail substorm X-line. The ballooning instability is discussed as a likely mechanism for the initial onset. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henderson, MG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mghenderson@lanl.gov RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 FU NSF [ATM-0202303] FX This research was supported at Los Alamos National Laboratory by NSF GEM grant ATM-0202303. The high-resolution 1 s 210 MM magnetometer data was kindly provided by K. Shiokawa from the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2129 EP 2140 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450NC UT WOS:000266406300031 ER PT J AU Yamauchi, M Dandouras, I Daly, PW Stenberg, G Frey, HU Lindqvist, PA Ebihara, Y Nilsson, H Lundin, R Reme, H Andre, M Kronberg, EA Balogh, A Henderson, M AF Yamauchi, M. Dandouras, I. Daly, P. W. Stenberg, G. Frey, H. U. Lindqvist, P. -A. Ebihara, Y. Nilsson, H. Lundin, R. Reme, H. Andre, M. Kronberg, E. A. Balogh, A. Henderson, M. TI Magnetospheric solitary structure maintained by 3000 km/s ions as a cause of westward moving auroral bulge at 19 MLT SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Auroral phenomena; Electric fields; Energetic particles, trapped ID STORM-SUBSTORM RELATIONSHIP; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; RING CURRENT; TRAVELING SURGE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; PI-2 PULSATIONS; RADIATION BELTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CLUSTER; DYNAMICS AB In the evening equatorial magnetosphere at about 4 R-E geocentric distance and 19 MLT, the four Cluster spacecraft observed a solitary structure with a width of about 1000 similar to 2000 km in the propagation direction. The solitary structure propagates sunward with about 5 similar to 10 km/s carrying sunward electric field (in the propagation direction) of up to about 10 mV/m (total potential drop of about 5 similar to 10 kV), depletion of magnetic field of about 25%, and a duskward E x B convection up to 50 km/s of He+ rich cold plasma without O+. At the same time, auroral images from the IMAGE satellite together with ground based geomagnetic field data showed a westward (sunward at this location) propagating auroral bulge at the magnetically conjugate ionosphere with the solitary structure. The solitary structure is maintained by flux enhancement of selectively 3000 km/s ions (about 50 keV for H+, 200 keV for He+, and 750 keV for O+). These ions are the main carrier of the diamagnetic current causing the magnetic depletion, whereas the polarization is maintained by different behavior of energetic ions and electrons. Corresponding to aurora, field-aligned accelerated ionospheric plasma of several keV appeared at Cluster from both hemispheres simultaneously. Together with good correspondence in location and propagation velocity between the auroral bulge and the solitary structure, this indicates that the sunward moving auroral bulge is caused by the sunward propagation of the solitary structure which is maintained by energetic ions. The solitary structure might also be the cause of Pi2-like magnetic variation that started simultaneously at Cluster location. C1 [Yamauchi, M.; Nilsson, H.; Lundin, R.] IRF, Kiruna, Sweden. [Dandouras, I.; Reme, H.] Univ Toulouse, CESR, Toulouse, France. [Daly, P. W.; Kronberg, E. A.] MPS, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Stenberg, G.; Andre, M.] IRF, Uppsala, Sweden. [Frey, H. U.] UCB SSL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lindqvist, P. -A.] KTH, Alfven Lab, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ebihara, Y.] Nagoya U, IAR, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Balogh, A.] ICI PLC, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Henderson, M.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Dandouras, I.; Reme, H.] CNRS, UMR 5187, Toulouse, France. RP Yamauchi, M (reprint author), IRF, Kiruna, Sweden. EM m.yamauchi@irf.se RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Ebihara, Yusuke/D-1638-2013; Lindqvist, Per-Arne/G-1221-2016 OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Ebihara, Yusuke/0000-0002-2293-1557; Lindqvist, Per-Arne/0000-0001-5617-9765 FU Swedish Research Counsel (VR [621-2005-5005, 621-2008-3769]; Swedish National Space Board FX We thank the following organizations and teams for providing the data used in analyses. Geomagnetic indices are provided by WDC-C2 for geomagnetism, Kyoto University. Geomagnetic field data is provided by Geoscience Australia [CSY, MAW, MCQ], Geological Survey of Canada [MEA, PBQ], Danish Meteorological Institute [NAQ], Leirvogur Magnetic Observatory [LRV], Tromso Geophysical Observatory [BJN], and US Geological Survey [CMO, SIT] through WDC-C2 for geomagnetism. ACE magnetic field data is provided by the ACE/MAG team (PI: N. Ness at Bartol Research Institute) and the ACE Science Center. GOES magnetic field data is provided by GOES magnetic field team (PI: H. Singer at NOAA) and NOAA/GOES project. IMAGE project is supported by NASA. LANL satellite project is managed by Los-Alamos National Laboratory. The Cluster project is managed by ESA. Swedish part of the work is partly supported by Swedish Research Counsel (VR) # 621-2005-5005 and # 621-2008-3769 and Swedish National Space Board (RS). MY thanks programs for disabled people in Sweden which have made it possible for him to work. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2947 EP 2969 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478XS UT WOS:000268622700030 ER PT J AU Chin, M Diehl, T Dubovik, O Eck, TF Holben, BN Sinyuk, A Streets, DG AF Chin, Mian Diehl, T. Dubovik, O. Eck, T. F. Holben, B. N. Sinyuk, A. Streets, D. G. TI Light absorption by pollution, dust, and biomass burning aerosols: a global model study and evaluation with AERONET measurements SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure; Aerosols and particles ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE DATA; GOCART MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVAL; AEROCOM AB Atmospheric aerosol distributions from 2000 to 2007 are simulated with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to attribute light absorption by aerosol to its composition and sources from pollution, dust, and biomass burning. The 8-year, global averaged total aerosol optical depth (tau), absorption optical depth (tau(a)), and single scattering albedo (omega) at 550 nm are estimated at 0.14, 0.0086, and 0.95, respectively, with sulfate making the largest fraction of tau (37%), followed by dust (30%), sea salt (16%), organic matter (OM) (13%), and black carbon (BC) (4%). BC and dust account for 43% and 53% of tau(a), respectively. From a model experiment with "tagged" sources, natural aerosols are estimated to be 58% of tau and 53% of tau(a), with pollution and biomass burning aerosols to share the rest. Comparing with data from the surface sun-photometer network AERONET, the model tends to reproduce much better the AERONET direct measured data of tau and the Angstrom exponent (alpha) than its retrieved quantities of omega and tau(a). Relatively small in its systematic bias of tau for pollution and dust regions, the model tends to underestimate tau for biomass burning aerosols by 30-40%. The modeled alpha is 0.2-0.3 too low (particle too large) for pollution and dust aerosols but 0.2-0.3 too high (particle too small) for the biomass burning aerosols, indicating errors in particle size distributions in the model. Still, the model estimated omega is lower in dust regions and shows a much stronger wavelength dependence for biomass burning aerosols but a weaker one for pollution aerosols than those quantities from AERONET. These comparisons necessitate model improvements on aerosol size distributions, the refractive indices of dust and black carbon aerosols, and biomass burning emissions in order to better quantify the aerosol absorption in the atmosphere. C1 [Chin, Mian; Diehl, T.; Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.; Eck, T. F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Lille, France. [Sinyuk, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mian.chin@nasa.gov RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP); EOS; Radiation Science Program (RSP); AERONET; NASA Grant Global Environmental Change-hazards [NNX06AF30G] FX The modeling work is supported by NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP), EOS, and Radiation Science Program (RSP). The AERONET site managers and technical personnel are gratefully acknowledged. The NASA Grant Global Environmental Change-hazards and regional impacts (NNX06AF30G) and support from the technical officers Don Anderson and Lucia Tsaoussi are also acknowledged. Constructive comments from the reviewer and from Hongbin Yu are gratefully acknowledged. NR 72 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 9 BP 3439 EP 3464 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500RH UT WOS:000270321600008 ER PT J AU Sud, YC Wilcox, E Lau, WKM Walker, GK Liu, XH Nenes, A Lee, D Kim, KM Zhou, Y Bhattacharjee, PS AF Sud, Y. C. Wilcox, E. Lau, W. K. -M. Walker, G. K. Liu, X. -H. Nenes, A. Lee, D. Kim, K. -M. Zhou, Y. Bhattacharjee, P. S. TI Sensitivity of boreal-summer circulation and precipitation to atmospheric aerosols in selected regions - Part 1: Africa and India SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure; Aerosols and particles; Cloud physics and chemistry; Evolution of the atmosphere ID SCHUBERT SCHEME MCRAS; BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; AIR-POLLUTION; STOCHASTIC CONDENSATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HADLEY CIRCULATION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; GLOBAL-MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Version-4 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-4) General Circulation Model (GCM) was employed to assess the influence of potential changes in aerosols on the regional circulation, ambient temperatures, and precipitation in four selected regions: India and Africa (current paper), as well as North and South America (companion paper). Ensemble-simulations were carried out with the GCM to assess the aerosol direct and indirect effects, hereafter ADE and AIE. Each simulation was started from the NCEP-analyzed initial conditions for 1 May and was integrated through May-June-July-August of each year: 1982-1987 to provide an ensemble set of six simulations. In the first set, called experiment (#1), climatological aerosols were prescribed. The next two experiments (#2 and #3) had two sets of simulations each: one with 2X and other with 1/2X the climatological aerosols over each of the four selected regions. In experiment #2, the anomaly regions were advectively restricted (AR), i.e., the large-scale prognostic fields outside the aerosol anomaly regions were prescribed while in experiment #3, the anomaly regions were advectively Interactive (AI) as is the case in a normal GCM integrations, but with the same aerosols anomalies as in experiment #2. Intercomparisons of circulation, diabatic heating, and precipitation difference fields showed large disparities among the AR and AI simulations, which raised serious questions about the proverbial AR assumption, commonly invoked in regional climate simulation studies. Consequently AI simulation mode was chosen for the subsequent studies. Two more experiments (#4 and #5) were performed in the AI mode in which ADE and AIE were activated one at a time. The results showed that ADE and AIE work in concert to make the joint influences larger than sum of each acting alone. Moreover, the ADE and AIE influences were vastly different for the Indian and Africa regions, which suggest an imperative need to include them rationally in climate models. We also found that the aerosol induced increase of tropical cirrus clouds would potentially offset any cirrus thinning that may occur due to warming in response to CO2 increase. C1 [Sud, Y. C.; Wilcox, E.; Lau, W. K. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Walker, G. K.] SAIC Gen Sci Operat, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, X. -H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lee, D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, K. -M.; Zhou, Y.] Univ Maryland, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bhattacharjee, P. S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sud, YC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yogesh.c.sud@nasa.gov RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Kim, Kyu-Myong/G-5398-2014; Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU NASA FX Almost all the authors affiliate with NASA/GFSC were funded through NASA funding through MAP, IDS, and other proposals related to aerosol Cloud Interaction. Others are collaborators helping in the development of a realistic model of aerosol-cloud interaction and its application to global circulation, cloudiness and rainfall. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 10 BP 3989 EP 4007 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 513XD UT WOS:000271356500026 ER PT J AU Partamies, N Pulkkinen, TI McPherron, RL McWilliams, K Bryant, CR Tanskanen, E Singer, HJ Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF AF Partamies, N. Pulkkinen, T. I. McPherron, R. L. McWilliams, K. Bryant, C. R. Tanskanen, E. Singer, H. J. Reeves, G. D. Thomsen, M. F. TI Different magnetospheric modes: solar wind driving and coupling efficiency SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; Storms and substorms ID HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; SUBSTORM; FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL; IONOSPHERE; SIGNATURE; DYNAMICS; CANOPUS; DRIVEN; REGION AB This study describes a systematic statistical comparison of isolated non-storm substorms, steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) intervals and sawtooth events. The number of events is approximately the same in each group and the data are taken from about the same years to avoid biasing by different solar cycle phase. The very same superposed epoch analysis is performed for each event group to show the characteristics of ground-based indices (AL, PCN, PC potential), particle injection at the geostationary orbit and the solar wind and IMF parameters. We show that the monthly occurrence of sawtooth events and isolated non-stormtime substorms closely follows maxima of the geomagnetic activity at (or close to) the equinoxes. The most strongly solar wind driven event type, sawtooth events, is the least efficient in coupling the solar wind energy to the auroral ionosphere, while SMC periods are associated with the highest coupling ratio (AL/EY). Furthermore, solar wind speed seems to play a key role in determining the type of activity in the magnetosphere. Slow solar wind is capable of maintaining steady convection. During fast solar wind streams the magnetosphere responds with loading-unloading cycles, represented by substorms during moderately active conditions and sawtooth events (or other storm-time activations) during geomagnetically active conditions. C1 [Partamies, N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [McPherron, R. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [McWilliams, K.; Bryant, C. R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Tanskanen, E.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Partamies, N (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM noora.partamies@fmi.fi RI Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Partamies, Noora/G-3408-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Partamies, Noora/0000-0003-2536-9341; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU Academy of Finland FX The work by N.P. was supported by the Academy of Finland. The authors thank Robin Barnes for providing the SuperDARN polar cap potential data. We thank ACE PI teams for the MAG and SWEPAM data. ASY-H/SYM-H and AE indices where downloaded from Kyoto Geomagnetic Data Services, and the PCN data from the Danish Meteorological Institute web site. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 11 BP 4281 EP 4291 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QT UT WOS:000272232100016 ER PT J AU Potdar, AA Lu, J Jeon, J Weaver, AM Cummings, PT AF Potdar, Alka A. Lu, Jenny Jeon, Junhwan Weaver, Alissa M. Cummings, Peter T. TI Bimodal Analysis of Mammary Epithelial Cell Migration in Two Dimensions SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bimodal framework; Mammalian cell; Turn angle distribution; Random motility coefficient ID DIRECTIONAL PERSISTENCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL TRACKING; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POROUS-MEDIA; NEU ONCOGENE; MOTILITY; MODELS; BEHAVIOR; CANCER AB Cell migration paths of mammary epithelial cells (expressing different versions of the promigratory tyrosine kinase receptor Her2/Neu) were analyzed within a bimodal framework that is a generalization of the run-and-tumble description applicable to bacterial migration. The mammalian cell trajectories were segregated into two types of alternating modes, namely, the "directional mode'' (mode I, the more persistent mode, analogous to the bacterial run phase) and the "re-orientation mode'' (mode II, the less persistent mode, analogous to the bacterial tumble phase). Higher resolution (more pixel information, relative to cell size) and smaller sampling intervals (time between images) were found to give a better estimate of the deduced single cell dynamics (such as directional-mode time and turn angle distribution) of the various cell types from the bimodal analysis. The bimodal analysis tool permits the deduction of short-time dynamics of cell motion such as the turn angle distributions and turn frequencies during the course of cell migration compared to standard methods of cell migration analysis. We find that the 2-h mammalian cell tracking data do not fall into the diffusive regime implying that the often-used random motility expressions for mammalian cell motion (based on assuming diffusive motion) are invalid over the time steps (fraction of minute) typically used in modeling mammalian cell migration. C1 [Potdar, Alka A.; Jeon, Junhwan; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, VU Stn B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Potdar, Alka A.; Lu, Jenny; Jeon, Junhwan; Weaver, Alissa M.; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Integrat Canc Biol Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Weaver, Alissa M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Canc Biol, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, VU Stn B, Box 351604, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM peter.cummings@vanderbilt.edu RI Potdar, Alka/E-6882-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Quaranta, Vito/G-6512-2016 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Quaranta, Vito/0000-0001-7491-8672 FU NCI [5U54CA113007-02] FX This study was supported by NCI grant: Multiscale Mathematical Modeling of Cancer Invasion. Grant number: 5U54CA113007-02. We are grateful to Julie Maier and Brandy Weidow for technical assistance. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers whose thorough critiques of the original version of this manuscript led to signi. cant improvements. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 230 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s10439-008-9592-y PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 379MS UT WOS:000261401100019 PM 18982450 ER PT J AU Karliner, M Keren-Zur, B Lipkin, HJ Rosner, JL AF Karliner, Marek Keren-Zur, Boaz Lipkin, Harry J. Rosner, Jonathan L. TI The quark model and b baryons SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beauty baryons; Heavy quarks; Hardon spectroscopy ID SPECTRAL SUM-RULES; HEAVY BARYONS; MASSES; SUPERSYMMETRY; CHROMODYNAMICS; SPLITTINGS AB The recent observation at the Tevatron of Sigma(+/-)(b) (uub and ddb) baryons within 2 MeV of the predicted Sigma(b) - Lambda(b) splitting and of Xi(-)(b) (dsb) baryons at the Tevatron within a few mega electron volts (MeV) of predictions has provided strong confirmation for a theoretical approach based on modeling the color hyperfine interaction. The prediction of M(Xi(-)(b)) = 5790-5800 MeV is reviewed and similar methods used to predict the masses of the excited states Xi(')(b) and Xi(+)(b). The main source of uncertainty is the method used to estimate the mass difference m(b) - m(c) from known hadrons. We verify that corrections due to the details of the interquark potential and to Xi(b)-Xi(b)' mixing are small. For S-wave qqb states we predict M(Omega(b)) = 6052.1 +/- 5.6 MeV, M(Omega(+)(b)) 6082.8 +/- 5.6 MeV, and M(Xi(0)(b)) = 5786.7 +/- 3.0 MeV. For states with one unit of orbital angular momentum between the b quark and the two light quarks we predict M(Lambda(b[1/2))) = 5929 +/- 2 MeV, M(Lambda(b[3/2])) = 5940 +/- 2 MeV, M(Xi(b[1/2))) = 6106 +/- 4 MeV, and M(Xi(b[3/2))) = 6115 +/- 4 MeV. Results are compared with those of other recent approaches. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosner, Jonathan L.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosner, Jonathan L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Karliner, Marek; Keren-Zur, Boaz; Lipkin, Harry J.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lipkin, Harry J.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Lipkin, Harry J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosner, JL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rosner@hep.uchicago.edu FU Israel Science Foundation awarded by Israel Academy of Science and Humanities; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-90ER40560] FX J.L.R. acknowledges the hospitality of Tel Aviv University during the early stages of this investigation. Part of this work was performed while J.L.R. was at the Aspen Center for Physics. We thank Dmitry Litvintsev for providing his figure comparing theoretical predictions with measurements of the Xib- mass. This research was supported in part by a grant from Israel Science Foundation awarded by Israel Academy of Science and Humanities. The research of H.J.L. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work of J.L.R. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER40560. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 324 IS 1 BP 2 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2008.05.003 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 413QM UT WOS:000263807600002 ER PT S AU Groen, FJ Smith, C AF Groen, Frank J. Smith, Curtis GP IEEE TI Concept for the NASA Risk and Reliability Data Collection and Analysis Environment SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2009 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL Ft Worth, TX DE data collection; data analysis AB The implementation of a NASA policy to collect R&M data to support ongoing and future projects has been limited, due in part to NASA's organization into largely independently operating programs and projects and the lack of a structured approach for the distribution of R&M data across those programs and projects. This paper describes the concept of a data collection and analysis environment that is being developed to support the collection, analysis, and distribution of R&M data. The purpose of the environment is to provide NASA projects with a standardized environment for storing information such as data sources, their interpretations, analyses and supplemental documentation. The environment is to provide an efficient way of collecting the information, and to allow for a controlled release to other projects at the program-, center-, or agency level. The data environment, which will largely be based on open-source software components, will allow raw data to be stored in a wide variety of electronic file formats, as well as in the form of links to other data repositories such as PRACA databases. The environment allows the relevant statistical information in those free-format data sources to be documented using predefined data types. Version control and workflow management capabilities will be provided, allowing proper configuration management processes to be applied to the data. The environment will embed a Bayesian data analysis capability, supported by a handbook describing solutions to commonly encountered risk and reliability parameter estimation problems, which was developed in a separately funded task. However, externally developed analyses can be stored inside the data environment as well, allowing configuration management and workflow management features to be taken advantage of. Results of such analyses may be encoded to make them available to reporting functions. The data environment is structured to allow projects to initially develop project-level data repositories, without exposing any information to other projects or programs. Once a mature state of the repository is reached, that state can be released to a central repository. This allows the information to be accessed by other projects. C1 [Groen, Frank J.] NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Smith, Curtis] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Groen, FJ (reprint author), NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Frank.J.Groen@nasa.gov; Curtis.Smith@inl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-2508-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2009 BP 134 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BLM45 UT WOS:000270538700025 ER PT S AU Perez, D Uberuaga, BP Shim, Y Amar, JG Voter, AF AF Perez, Danny Uberuaga, Blas P. Shim, Yunsic Amar, Jacques G. Voter, Arthur F. BE Wheeler, RA TI Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Methods: Introduction and Recent Developments SO ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 5 SE Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE infrequent events; transition-state theory; accelerated dynamics; hyperdynamics; parallel-replica dynamics; temperature-accelerated dynamics; molecular dynamics; bond-boost hyperdynamics; parallel-accelerated dynamics; Cu(100) ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; INFREQUENT EVENTS; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS; BOOST AB Because of its unrivaled predictive power, the molecular dynamics (MD) method is widely used in theoretical chemistry, physics, biology, materials science, and engineering. However, due to computational cost, MD simulations can only be used to directly simulate dynamical processes over limited timescales (e.g., nanoseconds or at most a few microseconds), even though the simulation of nonequilibrium processes can often require significantly longer timescales, especially when they involve thermal activation. In this paper, we present an introduction to accelerated molecular dynamics, a class of methods aimed at extending the timescale range of molecular dynamics, sometimes up to seconds or more. The theoretical foundations underpinning the different methods (parallel replica dynamics, hyperdynamics, and temperature-accelerated dynamics) are first discussed. We then discuss some applications and recent advances, including super-state parallel replica dynamics, self-learning hyperdynamics, and spatially parallel temperature-accelerated dynamics. C1 [Perez, Danny; Voter, Arthur F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Uberuaga, Blas P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Shim, Yunsic; Amar, Jacques G.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Perez, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 39 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1400 BN 978-0-08-088867-5; 978-0-444-53359-3 J9 ANN REP COMP CHEM PY 2009 VL 5 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S1574-1400(09)00504-0 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BCT96 UT WOS:000311385900005 ER PT S AU Zweibel, EG Yamada, M AF Zweibel, Ellen G. Yamada, Masaaki BE Blandford, R Kormendy, J VanDishoeck, E TI Magnetic Reconnection in Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 47 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE laboratory astrophysics; magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; FUSION TEST REACTOR; X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLAR-FLARES; CURRENT SHEETS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; KINK INSTABILITY; ACCRETION DISK; SWEET-PARKER AB Magnetic reconnection is a topological rearrangement of magnetic field that converts magnetic energy to plasma energy. Astrophysical flares, from the Earth's magnetosphere to gamma-ray bursts and sawtooth crashes in laboratory plasmas, may all be powered by reconnection. Reconnection is essential for dynamos and the large-scale restructuring known as magnetic self-organization. We review reconnection theory and evidence for it. We emphasize recent developments in two-fluid physics, and the experiments, observations, and simulations that verify two-fluid effects. We discuss novel environments such as line-tied, relativistic, and partially ionized plasmas, focusing on mechanisms that make reconnection fast, as observed. Because there is evidence that fast reconnection in astrophysics requires small-scale structure, we briefly introduce how such structure might develop. Several areas merit attention for astrophysical applications: development of a kinetic model of reconnection to enable spectroscopic predictions, better understanding of the interplay between local and global scales, the role of collisionless reconnection in large systems, and the effects of flows, including turbulence. C1 [Zweibel, Ellen G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zweibel, Ellen G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yamada, Masaaki] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Zweibel, EG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zweibel@astro.wisc.edu; myamada@pppl.gov RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 225 TC 208 Z9 211 U1 6 U2 36 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0947-3 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2009 VL 47 BP 291 EP 332 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101726 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOX59 UT WOS:000277960300008 ER PT S AU Boxer, SG Kraft, ML Weber, PK AF Boxer, Steven G. Kraft, Mary L. Weber, Peter K. TI Advances in Imaging Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for Biological Samples SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE membrane organization; chemical composition imaging; NanoSIMS; ToF-SIMS; dynamic SIMS ID SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; FIELD OPTICAL NANOSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CELL LEVEL; TOF-SIMS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CHOLESTEROL DOMAINS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUBCELLULAR LEVEL AB Imaging mass spectrometry combines the power of miss spectrometry to identify complex molecules based on mass with simple imaging. Recent advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry have improved sensitivity and spatial resolution, so that these methods have the potential to bridge between high-resolution structures obtained by X-ray crystallography and cyro-electron microscopy and ultrastructure visualized by conventional light microscopy. Following background information on the method and instrumentation, we address the key issue of sample preparation. Because mass spectrometry is performed ill high vacuum, it is essential to preserve the lateral organization of the sample while removing bulk water, and this has been major barrier for applications to biological systems. Recent applications of imaging mass spectrometry to cell biology, microbial communi ties, and biosynthetic pathways are summarized briefly, and studies of biological membrane organization are described in greater depth. C1 [Boxer, Steven G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kraft, Mary L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Boxer, SG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sboxer@stanford.edu; mlkraft@illinois.edu; weber21@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank Ian Hutcheon, Nick Winograd, Francois Hillion, and Francois Horreard for many useful discussions. M.L.K. Was Supported by an N-fH NRSA fellowship while at Stanford and holds a CarcerAward at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs VVellconie Fund. This work is supported by grants from the NSF Biophysics program and TNTIH GM.06930 (S.G.B.) and from the LLNL Lab Directed Researchand Development Program and DOE Genomes to Life Program (P.K.W.) and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We are grateful to the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility for fabrication and the NSF MRSEC CPINU for analysis (ellipsoinetry and NEW). NR 118 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 11 U2 119 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1838-3 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Ann. Rev. Biophys. PY 2009 VL 38 BP 53 EP 74 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133634 PG 22 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 471QB UT WOS:000268072100003 PM 19086820 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Stuart, D Yokoyama, S AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Stuart, David Yokoyama, Shigeyuki TI Lessons from Structural Genomics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE international cooperation; protein structure; X-ray crystallography; nuclear magnetic resonance ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; UNKNOWN FUNCTION; DATA-COLLECTION; DATA-BANK; CRYSTALLIZATION; NMR; STRATEGY; PROJECT AB A decade of structural genomics, the large-scale determination of protein structures, has generated a wealth of data and many important lessons for structural biology and for future large-scale projects. These lessons include a conformation that it is possible to construct large-scale facilities that can determine die structures of a hundred or more proteins per year, that these structures can be of high quality, and that these structures can have an important impact. Technology development has played a critical role in structural genomics, the difficulties at each step of determining a structure of a particular protein can be quantified, and validation of technologies is nearly as important as the technologies themselves. Finally, rapid deposition of data in public databases has increased the impact and usefulness of the data and international cooperation has advanced the field and improved data sharing. C1 [Terwilliger, Thomas C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stuart, David] Univ Oxford, Div Struct Biol, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Yokoyama, Shigeyuki] RIKEN, Syst Struct Biol Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki/N-6911-2015 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki/0000-0003-3133-7338 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074946, U54 GM074946-06] NR 69 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-122X J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Ann. Rev. Biophys. PY 2009 VL 38 BP 371 EP 383 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133740 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 471QB UT WOS:000268072100018 PM 19416074 ER PT J AU Najm, HN AF Najm, Habib N. TI Uncertainty Quantification and Polynomial Chaos Techniques in Computational Fluid Dynamics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE polynomial chaos; PC; UQ; CFD ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; NATURAL-CONVECTION; CHEMICAL-SYSTEMS; FLOW SIMULATIONS; QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; PROPAGATION; EXPANSIONS AB The quantification of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions is both a significant challenge and an important goal. Probabilistic uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods have been used to propagate uncertainty from model inputs to Outputs when input uncertainties are large and have been characterized probabilistically. Polynomial chaos (PC) methods have found increased use in Probabilistic UQ over the past decade. This review describes the use of PC expansions for the representation of random variables/fields and discusses their utility for the propagation of uncertainty in computational models, focusing on CFD models. Many CFD applications arc considered, including flow in porous media, incompressible and compressible flows, and thermofluid and reacting flows. The review examines each application area, focusing on the demonstrated use of PC UQ and the associated challenges. Cross-cutting challenges with time unsteadiness and long time horizons are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hnnajm@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences FX The author acknowledges helpful discussions on this topic with R.G. Ghanem, O.M. Knio, O.P. Le Maitre, B.J. Debusschere, M.T Reagan, M Pebay, and Y.M. Marzouk. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 87 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 49 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2009 VL 41 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165248 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 401WI UT WOS:000262972800003 ER PT S AU Geer, S AF Geer, Steve TI Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE accelerators; storage rings; high-energy colliders; muon sources ID PHYSICS AB the concepts and technologies needed to produce, capture, and accelerate O(10(21)) muons per year. These developments have paved the way for a new type of neutrino source (neutrino factory) and a new type of very high energy lepton-antilepton collider (muon collider). This article reviews the motivation, design, and research and development for future neutrino factories and muon colliders. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Munn Accelerator Res & Dev Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Munn Accelerator Res & Dev Dept, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM sgeer@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Association [AC02-76CH03000] FX This work is supported by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which is operated by the Fermi Research Association, under contract number DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1559-7 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2009 VL 59 BP 347 EP 365 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083736 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 525WE UT WOS:000272247200017 ER PT J AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, Chris TI Unanswered Questions in the Electroweak Theory SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE electroweak symmetry breaking; Higgs boson; 1-TeV scale; Large Hadron Collider (LHC); hierarchy problem; extensions to the Standard Model ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FERMION PAIR PRODUCTION; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; HIGGS-BOSON MASS; STANDARD MODEL; WEAK INTERACTIONS; CP-VIOLATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; PHYSICS OPPORTUNITIES; SEMIANALYTICAL PROGRAM AB This article is devoted to the status of the electroweak theory on the eve of experimentation at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A compact summary of the logic and structure of the electroweak theory, precedes an examination of what experimental tests have established so far. The outstanding unconfirmed prediction is the existence of the Higgs boson, a weakly interacting spin-zero agent of electroweak symmetry breaking and the giver of mass to the weak gauge bosons, the quarks, and the leptons. General arguments imply that the Higgs boson or other new physics is required oil the 1-TeV energy scale. Even if a "standard" Higgs boson is found, new physics will be implicated by many questions about the physical world that the Standard Model cannot answer. Some puzzles and possible resolutions are recalled. The LHC moves experiments squarely into the 1-TeV scale, where answers to important outstanding questions will be found. C1 [Quigg, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Quigg, Chris] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Quigg, Chris] CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Quigg, Chris/0000-0002-2728-2445 FU Fermi Research Alliance [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance under contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. I thank Hans Kuhn and Uli Nierste for a stimulating environment in Karlsruhe and acknowledge with pleasure the generous support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. I am grateful to Luis Alvarez-Gaume and other members of the CERN Theory Group for their hospitality. NR 240 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2009 VL 59 BP 505 EP 555 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083126 PG 51 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 525WE UT WOS:000272247200022 ER PT S AU Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Wang, Xue-Bin Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Multiply Charged Anions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE intramolecular Coulomb repulsion; repulsive Coulomb barrier; negative electron binding energy; ion solvation; electronic structure; electrospray ionization; low-temperature ion trap ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; GAS-PHASE DIANIONS; INTRINSIC ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARBON CLUSTER DIANIONS; NEGATIVE MOLECULAR-IONS; AB-INITIO; DICARBOXYLATE DIANIONS; CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE; BIS(DITHIOLENE) ANIONS AB Multiply charged anions (MCAs) ire common in condensed phases but are challenging to study in the gas phase. An experimental technique, coupling photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) with electrospray ionization (ESI), has been developed to investigate the properties of free MCAs in the gas phase. This article reviews the principles of this technique and some initial findings about the intrinsic properties of MCAs. Examples include the observation of the repulsive Coulomb barrier that exists universally in MCAs and its effects on the dynamic stability and PE'S of MCAs. The solvation and solvent stabilization of MCAs have been studied in the gas phase and are also discussed. A second-generation low-temperature ESI-PES apparatus has been developed, which allows ion temperatures to be controlled from 10 to 350 K. New results from this low-temperature ESI-PES instrument are also reviewed, including doubly charged fullerene anions, inorganic metal complexes, and temperature-induced conformation changes of complex anions. C1 [Wang, Xue-Bin] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, XB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX The work described in this article was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division, and the National Science Foundation and was performed at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated for DOE by Battelle. NR 147 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 10 U2 50 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1060-8 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 105 EP 126 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093724 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 471PT UT WOS:000268071200007 PM 18851704 ER PT S AU Cheng, YC Fleming, GR AF Cheng, Yuan-Chung Fleming, Graham R. TI Dynamics of Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE excitation energy transfer; quantum coherence; FMO complex; two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy; pigment-protein complex ID EXCITATION-ENERGY TRANSFER; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; CHARGE-TRANSFER PROCESSES; MATTHEWS-OLSON PROTEIN; 3-PULSE PHOTON-ECHOES; GREEN SULFUR BACTERIA; 2D IR SPECTROSCOPY; PURPLE BACTERIA; ANTENNA COMPLEXES AB We review recent theoretical and experimental advances in the elucidation of the dynamics of light harvesting in photosynthesis, focusing on recent theoretical developments in structure-based modeling of electronic excitations in photosynthetic complexes and critically examining theoretical models for excitation energy transfer. We then briefly describe two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and its application to the Study of photosynthetic complexes, in particular the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex from green sulfur bacteria. This review emphasizes recent experimental observations of long-lasting quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems and the implications of quantum coherence in natural photosynthesis. C1 [Cheng, Yuan-Chung] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, YC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov RI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/A-6566-2008 OI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/0000-0003-0125-4267 FU U.S. Department of Energy Under [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF000098] FX G.R.F thanks Prof. D.M. Jonas for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy Under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF000098. NR 123 TC 386 Z9 391 U1 19 U2 175 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1060-8 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 241 EP 262 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.040808.090259 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 471PT UT WOS:000268071200013 PM 18999996 ER PT S AU Fletcher, DA Geissler, PL AF Fletcher, Daniel A. Geissler, Phillip L. TI Active Biological Materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cell mechanics; actin cytoskeleton; in vitro reconstitution; crawling motility; filopodia ID FILAMENT NETWORKS; ARP2/3 COMPLEX; BACTERIAL CYTOSKELETON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PICONEWTON FORCES; MOTILITY DRIVEN; CELL MECHANICS; STRESS FIBERS; POLYMERIZATION; GENERATION AB Cells make use of dynamic internal structures to control shape and create movement. By consuming energy to assemble into highly organized systems of interacting parts, these structures can generate force and resist compression, as well as adaptively change in response to their environment. Recent progress in reconstituting cytoskeletal structures in vitro has provided an opportunity to characterize the mechanics and dynamics of filament networks formed from purified proteins. Results indicate that a complex interplay between length scales and timescales underlies the mechanical responses of these systems and that energy consumption, as manifested in molecular motor activity and cytoskeletal filament growth, can drive transitions between distinct material states. This review discusses the basic characteristics of these active biological materials that set them apart from conventional materials and that create a rich array of unique behaviors. C1 [Fletcher, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Geissler, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fletcher, Daniel A.; Geissler, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Geissler, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Geissler, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fletch@berkeley.edu; geissler@berkeley.edu FU NIH; NSF FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Allen Liu, Ovijit Chaudhuri, and Sapun Parekh, as well as Sander Pronk and Evan Hohlfeld. This work was supported in part by the NIH and NSF. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1060-8 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 469 EP 486 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.040808.090304 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 471PT UT WOS:000268071200024 PM 18999991 ER PT S AU Zeevaart, JAD AF Zeevaart, Jan A. D. TI My Journey from Horticulture to Plant Biology Jan AD Zeevaart SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter DE photoperiodism; florigen; flowering; grafting; gibberellin; abscisic acid; water stress AB The author describes the circumstances and opportunities that led him to higher education and to pursue a research career in plant biology. He acknowledges the important roles a few individuals played in guiding him in his career. His early work on flowering was followed by studies on the physiological roles and the metabolism of gibberellins and abscisic acid. He describes how collaborations and technical developments advanced his research from measuring hormones by bioassay to their identification and quantification by mass spectrometry and cloning of hormone biosynthetic genes C1 [Zeevaart, Jan A. D.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zeevaart, Jan A. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zeevaart, JAD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zeevaart@msu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0660-1 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092010 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 471PY UT WOS:000268071800001 PM 19575578 ER PT S AU Li, ZR Wakao, S Fischer, BB Niyogi, KK AF Li, Zhirong Wakao, Setsuko Fischer, Beat B. Niyogi, Krishna K. TI Sensing and Responding to Excess Light SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE chloroplast; photoreceptor; photosynthesis; reactive oxygen species; redox regulation; retrograde signaling ID VIOLAXANTHIN DE-EPOXIDASE; INDUCED CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENTS; SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CYTOSOLIC ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE-1; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS COTYLEDONS; RESPONSIVE GENE-EXPRESSION; PIGMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; RUBISCO LARGE SUBUNIT; MG-PROTOPORPHYRIN IX AB Plants and algae often absorb too much light-more than they can actually use in photosynthesis. To prevent photo-oxidative damage and to acclimate to changes in their environment, photosynthetic organisms have evolved direct and indirect mechanisms for sensing and responding to excess light. Photoreceptors such as phototropin, neochrome, and cryptochrome can sense excess light directly and relay signals for chloroplast movement and gene expression responses. Indirect sensing of excess light through biochemical and metabolic signals can be transduced into local responses within chloroplasts, into changes in nuclear gene expression via retrograde signaling path ways, or even into systemic responses, all of which are associated with photoacclimation. C1 [Li, Zhirong; Wakao, Setsuko; Fischer, Beat B.; Niyogi, Krishna K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Zhirong; Niyogi, Krishna K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, ZR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM niyogi@nature.berkeley.edu FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF000098]; National Institutes of Health [GM071908] FX We thank Graham Peers for comments on the manuscript. Relevant work in our lab is supported by grants from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-AC03-76SF000098) and the National Institutes of Health (GM071908). We apologize to Colleagues whose relevant work we were not able to cite and/or discuss extensively because of space constraints. NR 175 TC 356 Z9 363 U1 16 U2 161 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0660-1 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 239 EP 260 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103844 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 471PY UT WOS:000268071800012 PM 19575582 ER PT S AU Kirby, J Keasling, JD AF Kirby, James Keasling, Jay D. TI Biosynthesis of Plant Isoprenoids: Perspectives for Microbial Engineering SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE terpenes; P450; yeast; Escherichia coli; gene discovery ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; HIGH-LEVEL PRODUCTION; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CYTOCHROMES P450; CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE AB Isoprenoids are a large and highly diverse group of natural products with many functions in plant primary and secondary metabolism. Isoprenoids are synthesized from common prenyl diphosphate precursors through the action of terpene synthases and terpene-modifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Many isoprenoids have important applications in areas such as human health and nutrition, and much effort has been directed toward their production in microbial hosts. However, many hurdles must be overcome in the elucidation and functional microbial expression of the genes responsible for biosynthesis of ail isoprenoid of interest. Here, we review investigations into isoprenoid function and gene discovery in plants as well as the latest advances in isoprenoid pathway engineering in both plant and microbial hosts. C1 [Kirby, James; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Kirby, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jimkirby@berkeley.edu; keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; University of California Discovery Grant Program; Maxygen; Diversa; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy through the Joint BioEnergy Institute FX Isoprenoid research in the Keasling laboratory has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the University of California Discovery Grant Program, Maxygen, Diversa, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the Joint BioEnergy Institute. NR 104 TC 172 Z9 183 U1 9 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0660-1 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2009 VL 60 BP 335 EP 355 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.091955 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 471PY UT WOS:000268071800016 PM 19575586 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Shudo, E Cotler, SJ Layden, TJ Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Shudo, Emi Cotler, Scott J. Layden, Thomas J. Perelson, Alan S. TI Modelling hepatitis C virus kinetics: the relationship between the infected cell loss rate and the final slope of viral decay SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; LIVER-DISEASE; DYNAMICS; EFFICACY; LOADS; INTERFERON; RESPONDERS; RNA AB Background: Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who respond to treatment with interferon-alpha. plus ribavirin exhibit biphasic or triphasic viral load decreases. While the rapid first phase is indicative of the effectiveness of therapy in blocking viral production (epsilon), the slope of the final phase (lambda), that is, the second phase in biphasic decreases and the third phase in triphasic decreases, depends on the infected cell loss rate (delta). In standard models, lambda is approximately epsilon delta when the viral clearance rate c>>delta, as has been previously estimated. Methods: The relationship among epsilon, delta, lambda and the baseline fraction of HCV-infected hepatocytes (pi) was investigated in a model that included proliferation of hepatocytes. Results: We found that lambda was not proportional to epsilon, but rather obeyed a complex relationship that could lead to dramatic increases in estimates of delta as epsilon increased. In particular, when epsilon<99%, lambda moderately underestimated delta in patients with a small pi, whereas delta might be up to 10-fold larger than lambda in patients with a large pi. Interestingly, when epsilon>99%, delta similar to lambda regardless of pi. Conclusions: Our results indicated that in patients undergoing therapy who achieved a 2 log(10) reduction in viral load (epsilon<99%), previously estimated delta values might represent only a minimal estimate of the infected cell loss rate. Moreover, combining interferon-alpha with new antiviral agents to achieve epsilon>99% should allow for a more accurate estimate of delta in HCV RNA kinetic studies. This might be important when using viral kinetics to estimate the effect of the immune response on viral elimination and the attainment of sustained virological response. C1 [Dahari, Harel; Cotler, Scott J.; Layden, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Shudo, Emi; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dahari, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM daharih@uic.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [AI28433, RR06555]; University of Illinois Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (UIC GILD) Association FX Portions of this work were done under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by NIH grants AI28433 and RR06555 (ASP). HD is supported by the University of Illinois Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (UIC GILD) Association. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 455DT UT WOS:000266738300017 PM 19474480 ER PT J AU Tashiro, M McKimm-Breschkin, JL Saito, T Klimov, A Macken, C Zambon, M Hayden, FG AF Tashiro, Masato McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer L. Saito, Takehiko Klimov, Alexander Macken, Catherine Zambon, Maria Hayden, Frederick G. CA Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibi TI Surveillance for neuraminidase-inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses in Japan, 1996-2007 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; A VIRUSES; B VIRUSES; ZANAMIVIR; CHILDREN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: High usage of the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) oseltamivir in Japan since 2003 led the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network to assess the susceptibility of community isolates of influenza viruses to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Methods: Isolates were tested by the enzyme inhibition assay and by neuraminidase (NA) sequence analysis. Results: Among 1,141 A(H3N2) viruses and 171 type B viruses collected in Japan during the 2003-2004 season, 3 (0.3%) A(H3N2) isolates showed high 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) to oseltamivir. Each possessed a known resistance NA mutation at R292K or E119V. During the 2004-2005 season, no resistance was found among 567 influenza A(H3N2) or 60 A(H1N1) isolates, but 1 of 58 influenza B isolates had an NAI resistance mutation (D197N). Sequence analysis found that 4 (3%) of 132 A(H1N1) viruses from 2005-2006 had known NA resistance mutations (all H274Y), but no additional resistant isolates were detected from that or the subsequent 2006-2007 season. Concurrent testing of a selection of 500 influenza B viruses from 2000 to 2006 showed significant variations between seasons in both oseltamivir and zanamivir IC(50) values, but no persistent increases over this period. Conclusions: Our findings suggested possible low-level transmission of resistant variants from oseltamivir-treated patients in several seasons in Japan but no sustained reductions in NAI susceptibility or consistently increased frequency of detecting resistant variants for any strain or subtype, despite high levels of drug use. In particular, although oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses with the H274Y mutation spread globally in 2007-2008, we found little evidence for increasing levels of resistant A(H1N1) variants in Japan in preceding years. C1 [Hayden, Frederick G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Tashiro, Masato] Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. [McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer L.] CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Klimov, Alexander] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Co, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Macken, Catherine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zambon, Maria] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. RP Hayden, FG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM fgh@virginia.edu RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 6 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.3851/IMP1194 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 507UH UT WOS:000270880100003 PM 19812437 ER PT J AU Bandaranayake, RM Nalivaika, E Kolli, M Kakizawa, J Heroux, A King, NM Sugiura, W Schiffer, CA AF Bandaranayake, R. M. Nalivaika, E. Kolli, M. Kakizawa, J. Heroux, A. King, N. M. Sugiura, W. Schiffer, C. A. TI Structural and biochemical insights into altered drug resistance pathways in non-clade B HIV-1 proteases SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 09-13, 2009 CL Ft Myers, FL C1 [Bandaranayake, R. M.; Nalivaika, E.; Kolli, M.; King, N. M.; Schiffer, C. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kakizawa, J.; Sugiura, W.] Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. [Heroux, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 MA 94 BP A111 EP A111 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 471FA UT WOS:000268039900111 ER PT B AU Miller, JM Deshpande, U Dougherty, TJ Bohn, T AF Miller, John M. Deshpande, Uday Dougherty, Thomas J. Bohn, Theodore GP IEEE TI Power Electronic Enabled Active Hybrid Energy Storage System and its Economic Viability SO APEC: 2009 IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1- 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper examines the technology and value proposition for the active combination of the power dense ultracapacitor with an energy optimized lithium-ion battery. Aspects of the respective technologies that can be altered for the benefit of the active parallel energy storage system are noted. Energy management control strategies are investigated that show promise for dramatic reduction in lithium-ion peak and rms currents leading to improvements in regenerative energy storage system life, efficiency, thermal performance and packaging. A new cost reduced ultracapacitor cell design is introduced and a value proposition is made showing that energy optimized lithium can "pay" for the dc-dc converter and ultracapacitors now. C1 [Miller, John M.; Deshpande, Uday] Maxwell Technol Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Dougherty, Thomas J.] Monolith Eng Inc, Waukesha, WI USA. [Bohn, Theodore] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Maxwell Technol Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2811-3 PY 2009 BP 190 EP + DI 10.1109/APEC.2009.4802654 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKV19 UT WOS:000269315100030 ER PT S AU Zhang, SY Trbojevic, D AF Zhang, S. Y. Trbojevic, D. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Experimental Background Due To Particle Induced Gas Desorption In RHIC SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE background; pressure rise; electron cloud; beam-gas; gas-desorption AB Beam-gas collision created experimental background, i.e., singles, has affected heavy ion and polarized proton operations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The gas molecules in interaction region are mainly caused by the electron induced gas desorption, and the electrons are produced from the beam induced electron multipacting, or called electron cloud. The background has a dependence on the usual electron cloud related parameters, such as the bunch intensity, bunch spacing, and the solenoid field. With the RHIC upgrade plan, the experimental background may become a luminosity limiting factor. Mitigations are discussed. C1 [Zhang, S. Y.; Trbojevic, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500009 ER PT S AU Insepov, Z Norem, J Hassanein, A Wu, AT AF Insepov, Z. Norem, J. Hassanein, A. Wu, A. T. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Advanced Surface Polishing For Accelerator Technology Using Ion Beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE rf vacuum breakdown mitigation; Gas cluster ion beam; Surface smoothing; molecular dynamics ID ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; RF BREAKDOWN; CLUSTER IONS; ELECTRODES; CAVITIES; EROSION; VACUUM; FIELD AB A gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) technology was successfully applied to surface treatment of Cu, stainless steel, Ti, and Nb samples and to Nb rf-cavities by using accelerated cluster ion beams of Ar, O(2) and combinations of them, with accelerating voltages up to 35 W. DC field emission (dark current) measurements and electron microscopy were used to investigate metal surfaces treated by GCIB. The experimental results showed that GCIB technique can significantly reduce the number of field emitters and can change the structure of the Nb oxide layer on the surface. The RF tests of the GCIB-treated Nb rf-cavitics showed improvement of the quality factor Q at 4.5 K The superconducting gap was also enhanced by using the oxygen GCIB irradiation exposure. C1 [Insepov, Z.; Norem, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500011 ER PT S AU Guethlein, G Falabella, S Sampayan, SE Meyer, G Tang, V Kerr, P AF Guethlein, G. Falabella, S. Sampayan, S. E. Meyer, G. Tang, V. Kerr, P. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Neutron Yield With a Pulsed Surface Flashover Deuterium Source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE neutron production; deuteron source; flashover; spark AB As a step towards developing an ultra compact D-D neutron source for various defense and homeland security applications, a compact, low average power ion source is needed. Towards that end, we are testing a high current, pulsed surface flashover ion source, with deuterated titanium as the spark contacts. Neutron yield and source lifetime data will be presented using a low voltage (< 100 kV) deuterated target. With 20 ns spark drive pulses we have shown > 10(6) neutrons/s with 1 kHz PRF C1 [Guethlein, G.; Falabella, S.; Sampayan, S. E.; Meyer, G.; Tang, V.; Kerr, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Guethlein, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-229, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 92 EP 94 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500022 ER PT S AU Falabella, S Guethlein, G Kerr, PL Meyer, GA Morse, JD Sampayan, S Tang, V AF Falabella, S. Guethlein, G. Kerr, P. L. Meyer, G. A. Morse, J. D. Sampayan, S. Tang, V. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Characterization of a Surface-Flashover Ion Source with 10-250 ns Pulse Widths SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE deuterium ion source; surface flashover; arc AB As a step towards developing an ultra compact D-D neutron source for various defense and homeland security applications, a compact ion source is needed. Towards that end, we are testing a pulsed, surface flashover source, with deuterated titanium films deposited on alumina substrates as the electrodes. An electrochemically-etched mask was used to define the electrode areas on the substrate during the sputtered deposition of the titanium films. Deuterium loading of the films was performed in an all metal-sealed vacuum chamber containing a heated stage. Deuterium ion current from the source was determined by measuring the neutrons produced when the ions impacted a deuterium-loaded target held at -90 kV. As the duration of the are current is varied, it was observed that the integrated deuteron current per pulse initially increases rapidly, then reaches a maximum near a pulse length of 100 ns. C1 [Falabella, S.; Guethlein, G.; Kerr, P. L.; Meyer, G. A.; Sampayan, S.; Tang, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Falabella, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-229, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500024 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Beene, JR Gottwald, T Havener, CC Mattolat, C Lassen, J Wendt, K Vane, CR AF Liu, Y. Beene, J. R. Gottwald, T. Havener, C. C. Mattolat, C. Lassen, J. Wendt, K. Vane, C. R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Resonant Ionization Laser Ion Source for Radioactive Ion Beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE laser ion source; resonant ionization; Ti:Sapphire laser ID MASS SEPARATOR; SPECTROSCOPY; FACILITY; TESTS; HRIBF; NI; GE AB A resonant ionization laser ion source based on all-solid-state, tunable Ti:Sapphire lasers is being developed for the production of pure radioactive ion beams. It consists of a hot-cavity ion source and three pulsed Ti:Sapphire lasers operating at a 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. Spectroscopic studies are being conducted to develop ionization schemes that lead to ionizing an excited atom through an auto-ionization or a Rydberg state for numerous elements of interest. Three-photon resonant ionization of 12 elements has been recently demonstrated. The overall efficiency of the laser ion source measured for some of these elements ranges from 1 to 40%. The results indicate that Ti:Sapphire lasers could be well suited for laser ion source applications. The time structures of the ions produced by the pulsed lasers are investigated. The information may help to improve the laser ion source performance. C1 [Liu, Y.; Beene, J. R.; Havener, C. C.; Vane, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500034 ER PT S AU Havener, CC Seely, DG Thomas, JD Kvale, TJ AF Havener, C. C. Seely, D. G. Thomas, J. D. Kvale, T. J. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Isotope Effects in Low Energy Ion-Atom Collisions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE electron capture; charge transfer; charge exchange; low energy; merged beams; isotope effects; trajectory effects; rotational coupling; radial coupling ID MERGED-BEAMS MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTIONS; HYDROGEN AB Isotope effects for charge transfer processes have recently received increased attention. The ion-atom merged-beams apparatus at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is used to measure charge transfer for low energy collisions of multi-charged ions with H and D and is therefore well suited to investigate isotope effects. The apparatus has been relocated and upgraded to accept high velocity beams from the 250 kV High Voltage Platform at the Multi-Charged Ion Research Facility. The intense higher velocity multi-charged ion beams allow, for the first time, measurements with both H and D from keV/u down to meV/u collision energies in the center-of-mass frame. When charge transfer occurs at relatively large inter-nuclear distances (via radial couplings) the ion-induced dipole attraction can lead to trajectory effects, causing differences in the charge transfer cross sections for H and D. A strong isotope effect (nearly a factor of two) has been observed in the cross section for Si(4+) + H(D) below 0.1 eV/u. However, little or no difference is observed for N(2+) + H(D). Recently, strong effects have been predicted for the fundamental system He(2+) + H(D,T) at collision energies below 200 eV/u where charge transfer occurs primarily through united-atom rotational coupling. We are currently exploring systems where rotational coupling is important and isotopic differences in the cross section can be observed. C1 [Havener, C. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Havener, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500036 ER PT S AU Meyer, FW Galutschek, E Hotchkis, M AF Meyer, F. W. Galutschek, E. Hotchkis, M. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Low-Energy Grazing Ion-Scattering From Alkali-Halide Surfaces: A Novel Approach To C-14 Detection SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE negative ion formation; surface scattering; Carbon-14 detection; mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Carbon-14 labeled compounds are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g., as tracers to determine the fate of these compounds in vivo. Conventional accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is one approach that offers sufficiently high sensitivity to avoid radiological waste and contamination issues in such studies, but requires large, expensive facilities that are usually not solely dedicated to this task. At the ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility (MIRF) we are exploring a small size, low cost alternative to AMS for biomedical (14)C tracer studies that utilizes ECR-ion-source-generated keV-energy-range multicharged C beams grazingly incident on an alkali halide target, where efficient negative ion production by multiple electron capture takes place. By using C ion charge states of +3 or higher, the molecular isobar interference at mass 14, e.g. (12)CH(2) and (13)CH, is eliminated. The negatively charged ions in the beam scattered from the alkali halide surface are separated from other scattered charge states by two large acceptance (similar to 15 msr) stages of electrostatic analysis. The N-14 isobar interference is thus removed, since N does not support a stable negative ion. Initial results for C-14 detection obtained using C-14 enriched CO(2) from ANSTO will be described. C1 [Meyer, F. W.; Galutschek, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meyerfw@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 308 EP 313 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500070 ER PT S AU Zhu, ZH Shutthanandan, V Li, YJ Chambers, SA AF Zhu, Zihua Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam Li, Yuanjie Chambers, Scott A. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Quantitative Determination of Deuterium Atom Concentration in Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE ToF-SIMS; deuterium; zinc oxide; hydrogen ID HYDROGEN; ZNO AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to quantitatively determine deuterium (D) concentration in pulsed-laser deposited (PLD) zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on Al2O3 substrates. Dual-beam analysis technique was applied, where the sputtering ion source was Cs+ and the analysis ion source was Bi-3(+). Standard samples were prepared by implanting D+ ions into a high purity ZnO single crystal. Detection limit of ToF-SIMS instrument for D atoms in ZnO film was studied, and it was found to be about 5x10(16) atoms/cm(3). In addition, our data show that it is very difficult to characterize low concentration of H atoms by normal ToF-SIMS due to H background interference. C1 [Zhu, Zihua; Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam; Li, Yuanjie; Chambers, Scott A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhu, ZH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Zhu, Zihua/K-7652-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500078 ER PT S AU Banks, JC Walla, LA Walsh, DS Doyle, BL AF Banks, James C. Walla, Lisa A. Walsh, David S. Doyle, Barney L. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Ion Beam Analysis of Targets Used in Controlatron Neutron Generators SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE deposition; hydrides; backscattering spectrometry; elastic recoil detection AB Controlatron neutron generators are used for testing neutron detection systems at Sandia National Laboratories. To provide for increased tube lifetimes for the moderate neutron flux output of these generators, metal hydride (ZrT(2)) target fabrication processes have been developed. To provide for manufacturing quality control of these targets, ion beam analysis techniques are used to determine film composition. The load ratios (i.e. T/Zr concentration ratios) of ZrT(2) Controlatron neutron generator targets have been successfully measured by simultaneously acquiring RBS and ERD data using a He(++) beam energy of 10 MeV. Several targets were measured and the film thicknesses obtained from RBS measurements agreed within +/- 2% with Dektak profilometer measurements. The target fabrication process and ion beam analysis techniques will be presented. C1 [Banks, James C.; Walla, Lisa A.; Walsh, David S.; Doyle, Barney L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Banks, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500079 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Forman, L Norman, DR AF Vanier, Peter E. Forman, Leon Norman, Daren R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Thermal Neutron Imaging in an Active Interrogation Environment SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Neutron; imaging; thermalization; helium-3; wire chamber; position-sensitive; coded aperture AB We have developed a thermal-neutron coded-aperture imager that reveals the locations of hydrogenous materials from which thermal neutrons are being emitted. This imaging detector can be combined with an accelerator to form an active interrogation system in which fast neutrons are produced in a heavy metal target by means of excitation by high energy photons. The photo-induced neutrons can be either prompt or delayed, depending on whether neutron-emitting fission products are generated. Provided that there are hydrogenous materials close to the target, some of the photo-induced neutrons slow down and emerge from the surface at thermal energies. These neutrons can be used to create images that show the location and shape of the thermalizing materials. Analysis of the temporal response of the neutron flux provides information about delayed neutrons from induced fission if there are fissionable materials in the target. The combination of imaging and time-of-flight discrimination helps to improve the signal-to-background ratio. It is also possible to interrogate the target with neutrons, for example using a D-T generator. In this case, an image can be obtained from hydrogenous material in a target without the presence of heavy metal. In addition, if fissionable material is present in the target, probing with fast neutrons can stimulate delayed neutrons from fission, and the imager can detect and locate the object of interest, using appropriate time gating. Operation of this sensitive detection equipment in the vicinity of an accelerator presents a number of challenges, because the accelerator emits electromagnetic interference as well as stray ionizing radiation, which can mask the signals of interest. C1 [Vanier, Peter E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500128 ER PT S AU Waters, LS Durkee, JW Elson, JS Esch, EI Fensin, ML Hendricks, JS Holloway, ST James, MR Jason, A Johns, RC Johnson, MW Kawano, T McKinney, GW Moller, P Pelowitz, DB AF Waters, Laurie S. Durkee, Joe W. Elson, Jay S. Esch, Ernst I. Fensin, Michael L. Hendricks, John S. Holloway, Shannon T. James, Michael R. Jason, Andrew Johns, Russell C. Johnson, M. William Kawano, Toshihiko McKinney, Gregg W. Moller, Peter Pelowitz, Denise B. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI MCNPX Improvements for Threat Reduction Applications SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Monte Carlo; muons; muon-capture; delayed neutron; delayed photon AB Enhancements contained in the current MCNPX 2.6.0 Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) release will be presented, including stopped-muon physics, delayed neutron and photon generation, and automatic generation of source photons. Preliminary benchmarking comparisons with data taken with a muon beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute Spallation Neutron Source accelerator will be discussed. We will also describe current improvements now underway, including Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF), pulsed sources, and others. We will also describe very new work begun on a threat-reduction (TR) user interface, designed to simplify the setup of TR-related calculations, and introduce standards into geometry, sources and backgrounds. C1 [Waters, Laurie S.; Durkee, Joe W.; Elson, Jay S.; Esch, Ernst I.; Fensin, Michael L.; Hendricks, John S.; Holloway, Shannon T.; James, Michael R.; Jason, Andrew; Johns, Russell C.; Johnson, M. William; Kawano, Toshihiko; McKinney, Gregg W.; Moller, Peter; Pelowitz, Denise B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Waters, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Esch, Ernst/0000-0002-5179-0415; Moller, Peter/0000-0002-5848-3565 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500131 ER PT S AU Wui, Y Hurley, JP Ji, Q Kwan, J Leung, KN AF Wui, Ying Hurley, John P. Ji, Qing Kwan, Joe Leung, Ka-Ngo BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Characteristics of a RF-Driven Ion Source for a Neutron Generator Used for Associated Particle Imaging SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Neutron generator; RF plasma ion source; Associated particle imaging ID IMPROVEMENT; PLASMA; SYSTEM; LBNL AB We present recent work on a prototype compact neutron generator for associated particle imaging (API). API uses alpha particles that are produced simultaneously with neutrons in the deuterium-tritium ((2)D((3)T,n)4 alpha) fusion reaction to determine the direction of the neutrons upon exiting the reaction. This method determines the spatial position of each neutron interaction and requires the neutrons to be generated from a small spot in order to achieve high spatial resolution. The ion source for API is designed to produce a focused ion beam with a beam spot diameter of 1-mm or less on the target. We use an axial type neutron generator with a predicted neutron yield of 10(8) n/s for a 50 mu A D/T ion beam current accelerated to 80 kV. The generator utilizes an RF planar spiral antenna at 13.56 MHz to create a highly efficient inductively coupled plasma at the ion source. Experimental results show that beams with an atomic ion fraction of over 80% can be obtained while utilizing only 100 watts of RF power in the ion source. A single acceleration gap with a secondary electron suppression electrode is used in the tube. Experimental results from ion source testing, such as the current density, atomic ion fraction, electron temperature, and electron density will be discussed. C1 [Wui, Ying; Ji, Qing; Kwan, Joe; Leung, Ka-Ngo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wui, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 614 EP 618 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500135 ER PT S AU King, MJ Antolak, AJ Leung, KN Morse, DH Raber, TN Doyle, BL AF King, Michael J. Antolak, Arlyn J. Leung, Ka-Ngo Morse, Dan H. Raber, Thomas N. Doyle, Barney L. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Performance of a Compact Gamma Tube Interrogation Source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE photofission; active interrogation; gamma generator AB Active interrogation with high-energy monoenergetic gammas can induce photofission signals in fissile materials while minimizing absorbed radiation dose and background from surrounding materials. A first-generation axial-type gamma generator has been developed that utilizes the (11)B(p,gamma)(12)C nuclear reaction at a 163 keV resonance to produce monoenergetic 12-MeV gamma-rays. The gamma tube employs a water-cooled cylindrical radio frequency (rf) induction ion source capable of producing a proton current density of up to 100 mA/cm(2). The extracted proton beam bombards a lanthanum hexaboride (LaB(6)) target at energies up to 200 keV. The 12-MeV gamma intensity was measured as a function of proton energy, beam current, and angle. Photofission-induced neutrons from depleted uranium (DU) were measured and compared to MCNPX calculations. After extended operation, the high power density of the proton beam was observed to cause damage to the LaB(6) target and the gamma tube improvements currently being made to mitigate this damage are discussed. C1 [King, Michael J.; Antolak, Arlyn J.; Morse, Dan H.; Raber, Thomas N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP King, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 619 EP 623 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500136 ER PT S AU McConchie, S Hausladen, P Mihalczo, J Blackburn, B Chichester, D AF McConchie, Seth Hausladen, Paul Mihalczo, John Blackburn, Brandon Chichester, David BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Pulsed D-D Neutron Generator Measurements of HEU Oxide Fuel Pins SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE pulsed neutron interrogation; neutron generator; highly enriched uranium; HEU; depleted uranium; DU; coincidence counting; helium-3 detectors; He-3 detectors; Nuclear Materials Identification System ID NUCLEAR-MATERIALS; SYSTEM; ASSAY AB Pulsed neutron interrogation measurements have been performed on highly enriched uranium (HEU) oxide fuel pins and depleted uranium (DU) metal using a D-D neutron generator (2x10(6) neutrons-s(-1)) and moderated 3 He tubes at the Idaho National Laboratory Power Burst Facility. These measurements demonstrate the ability to distinguish HEU from DU by coincidence counting using a pulsed source. The amount of HEU measured was 8 kg in a sealed 55-gallon drum compared to 31 kg of DU. Neutron events were counted during and after the pulse with the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) and used to calculate the neutron coincidence time distributions. Passive measurements were also performed for comparison with the pulsed measurements. This paper presents the neutron coincidence time distribution and Feynman variance results from the measurements. C1 [McConchie, Seth; Hausladen, Paul; Mihalczo, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McConchie, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcconchiesm@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 643 EP 646 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500141 ER PT S AU Chichester, DL Seabury, EH Turnage, JA Brush, BA Perry, EF AF Chichester, D. L. Seabury, E. H. Turnage, J. A. Brush, B. A. Perry, E. F. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Capabilities of the INL ZPPR to Support Active Interrogation Research with SNM SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Interrogation; Special Nuclear Material; Electronic Neutron Generator AB For over 40 years Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and its predecessor organizations have maintained and operated the Zero-Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR) as a test bed for studying reactor physics and nuclear reactor design. Although ZPPR is no longer operated as an active research reactor, its infrastructure (radiation shielding, safety systems, physical safeguards) and special nuclear material (SNM) inventory (variably enriched uranium and plutonium fuels available in metallic, oxide, alloy, and other forms) still make the facility a unique national resource for research and development activities involving the use of SNM. Recently INL has utilized this resource to serve as a test and evaluation facility for active interrogation research and development. This facility is currently hosting scoping experiments using neutron and x-ray radiation sources to characterize SNM active interrogation signatures and to develop tools and techniques to detect and identify shielded SNM. This paper presents an overview of the facility's infrastructure and assets and describes recent active interrogation experiments that have taken place using high-energy x-ray sources and compact electronic neutron generators. C1 [Chichester, D. L.; Seabury, E. H.; Turnage, J. A.; Brush, B. A.; Perry, E. F.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 647 EP 651 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500142 ER PT S AU Ji, Q Kwan, J Regis, M Wu, Y Wilde, SB Wallig, J AF Ji, Q. Kwan, J. Regis, M. Wu, Y. Wilde, S. B. Wallig, J. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Fast Fall-time Ion Beam in Neutron Generators SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE fast fall-time ion beam; neutron generator; differential die-away AB Ion beam with a fast fall time is useful in building neutron generators for the application of detecting hidden, gamma-shielded SNM using differential die-away (DDA) technique. Typically a fall time of less than 1 mu s can't be achieved by just turning off the power to the ion source due to the slow decay of plasma density (partly determined by the fall time of the RF power in the circuit). In this paper, we discuss the method of using an array of mini-apertures (instead of one large aperture beam) such that gating the beamlets can be done with low voltage and a small gap. This geometry minimizes the problem of voltage breakdown as well as reducing the time of flight to produce fast gating. We have designed and fabricated an array of 16 apertures (4x4) for a beam extraction experiment. Using a gating voltage of 1400 V and a gap distance of 1 mm, the fall time of extracted ion beam pulses is less than 1 mu s at various beam energies ranging between 400 eV to 800 eV. Usually merging an array of beamlets suffers the loss of beam brightness, i.e., emittance growth, but that is not an important issue for neutron source applications. C1 [Ji, Q.; Kwan, J.; Regis, M.; Wu, Y.; Wilde, S. B.; Wallig, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 660 EP 665 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500145 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Bruhwiler, DL Cary, JR Esarey, EH Gonsalves, AJ Lin, C Cormier-Michel, E Matlis, NH Nakamura, K Bakeman, M Panasenko, D Plateau, GR Schroeder, CB Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Geddes, Cameron G. R. Bruhwiler, David L. Cary, John R. Esarey, Eric H. Gonsalves, Anthony J. Lin, Chen Cormier-Michel, Estelle Matlis, Nicholas H. Nakamura, Kei Bakeman, Mike Panasenko, Dmitriy Plateau, Guillaume R. Schroeder, Carl B. Toth, Csaba Leemans, Wim P. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Development of High Gradient Laser Wakefield Accelerators Towards Nuclear Detection Applications at LBNL SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE laser wakefield acceleration; X-rays; Thomson scattering ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; PULSES; TERAHERTZ AB Compact high-energy linacs are important to applications including monochromatic gamma sources for nuclear material security applications. Recent laser wakefield accelerator experiments at LBNL demonstrated narrow energy spread beams, now with energies of up to 1 GeV in 3 cm, using a plasma channel at low density. This demonstrates the production of GeV beams from devices much smaller than conventional linacs, and confirms the anticipated scaling of laser driven accelerators to GeV energies. Stable performance at 0.5 GeV was demonstrated. Experiments and simulations are in progress to control injection of particles into the wake and hence to improve beam quality and stability. Using plasma density gradients to control injection, stable beams at 1 MeV over days of operation, and with an order of magnitude lower absolute momentum spread than previously observed, have been demonstrated. New experiments are post-accelerating the beams from controlled injection experiments to increase beam quality and stability. Thomson scattering from such beams is being developed to provide collimated multi-MeV monoenergetic gamma sources for security applications from compact devices. Such sources can reduce dose to target and increase accuracy for applications including photofission and nuclear resonance fluorescence. C1 [Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Esarey, Eric H.; Gonsalves, Anthony J.; Lin, Chen; Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Matlis, Nicholas H.; Nakamura, Kei; Bakeman, Mike; Panasenko, Dmitriy; Plateau, Guillaume R.; Schroeder, Carl B.; Toth, Csaba; Leemans, Wim P.] LBNL, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), LBNL, LOASIS Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 666 EP 669 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500146 ER PT S AU Hausladen, PA Mihalczo, JT Blackburn, BW Watson, SM Jones, JL Hunt, AW Thompson, S AF Hausladen, P. A. Mihalczo, J. T. Blackburn, B. W. Watson, S. M. Jones, J. L. Hunt, A. W. Thompson, S. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Identifying Nuclear Material via Prompt Photo-Neutron Multiplicity Measurements SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE neutron multiplicity; active interrogation; nuclear material detection AB Proof-of-principle measurements are reported demonstrating that multiplicity techniques can be used to identify prompt fission neutrons from photonuclear interrogation under circumstances where the fission neutrons may be accompanied by photodissociated neutrons of an identical energy spectrum, and where the emitted neutrons are naturally bunched in time by the pulsed nature of the interrogating photon beam. The technique shows promise as a method for the detection of highly enriched uranium (HEU) compared to techniques based on delayed neutrons because prompt neutrons are orders of magnitude more abundant, and compared to passive multiplicity techniques because actively induced fission rates are orders of magnitude higher than spontaneous fission rates in HEU. The technique also shows promise in that multiplicity signatures can be used to distinguish HEU from other fissionable material. C1 [Hausladen, P. A.; Mihalczo, J. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hausladen, PA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hausladenpa@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500147 ER PT S AU Ludewigt, BA Antolak, AJ Henestroza, E Kwan, JW Leitner, M Leung, KN Waldron, W Wilde, S AF Ludewigt, B. A. Antolak, A. J. Henestroza, E. Kwan, J. W. Leitner, M. Leung, K. -N. Waldron, W. Wilde, S. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Coaxial Mono-Energetic Gamma Generator for Active Interrogation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Photofission; Active Interrogation; Gamma Generator; Nuclear Reactions AB Compact mono-energetic photon sources are sought for active interrogation systems to detect shielded special nuclear materials in, for example, cargo containers, trucks and other vehicles. A prototype gamma interrogation source has been designed and built that utilizes the (11)B(p,gamma)(12)C reaction to produce 12 MeV gamma-rays which are near the peak of the photofission cross section. In particular, the (11)B(p,gamma)(12)C resonance at 163 kV allows the production of gammas at low proton acceleration voltages, thus keeping the design of a gamma generator comparatively small and simple. A coaxial design has been adopted with a toroidal-shaped plasma chamber surrounding a cylindrical gamma production target. The plasma discharge is driven by a 2 MHz rf-power supply (capable up to 50 kW) using a circular rf-antenna. Permanent magnets embedded in the walls of the plasma chamber generate a multi-cusp field that confines the plasma and allows higher plasma densities and lower gas pressures. About 100 proton beamlets are extracted through a slotted plasma electrode towards the target at the center of the device that is at a negative 180 kV. The target consists of LaB(6) tiles that are brazed to a water-cooled cylindrical structure. The generator is designed to operate at 500 Hz with 20 us long pulses, and a 1% duty factor by pulsing the ion source rf-power. A first-generation coaxial gamma source has been built for low duty factor experiments and testing. C1 [Ludewigt, B. A.; Henestroza, E.; Kwan, J. W.; Leitner, M.; Leung, K. -N.; Waldron, W.; Wilde, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ludewigt, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 676 EP 679 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500148 ER PT S AU Provencio, PP McDaniel, FD Antolak, AJ Doyle, BL Morse, DH AF Provencio, P. P. McDaniel, F. D. Antolak, A. J. Doyle, B. L. Morse, D. H. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Thermal Tests of Target Materials for Nuclear Reaction-Based Interrogation Sources SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE active interrogation; neutron generator; gamma generator; thermal load tests; electron beam heating tests AB Compact active interrogation sources are being developed that use low-energy (kilovolt) nuclear reactions to produce high-energy (megavolt) neutrons or gamma-rays. We are evaluating target materials for these interrogation sources by performing rapid thermal load and high power density tests that reach conditions expected during source operation. Following the tests, the targets are analyzed with low and high resolution microscopes to assess whether any physical or structural damage has occurred. This paper presents results of the examinations of LiF, Li(2)O, LiNbO(3), CaF(2), B(4)C, and LaB(6) target materials following rapid thermal and electron beam heating tests. C1 [Provencio, P. P.; McDaniel, F. D.; Doyle, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Provencio, PP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 689 EP 693 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500151 ER PT S AU Johnson, MS McNabb, DP AF Johnson, Micah S. McNabb, Dennis P. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence and Isotopic Mapping of Containers SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence; NRF; FINDER; inelastic gamma ray scattering; transition widths; gamma ray transitions; scanning; national security AB National security programs have expressed interest in developing systems to isotopically map shipping containers, fuel assemblies, and waste barrels for various materials including special nuclear material (SNM). Current radiographic systems offer little more than an ambiguous density silhouette of a container's contents. In this paper we will present a system being developed at LLNL to isotopically map containers using the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) method. Recent experimental measurements on NRF strengths in SNM are discussed. C1 [Johnson, Micah S.; McNabb, Dennis P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 697 EP 699 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500152 ER PT S AU Couture, A Agvaanluvsan, U Baker, JD Bayarbadrahk, B Becker, JA Bond, E Bredeweg, TA Chyzh, A Dashdorj, D Fowler, M Haight, RC Jandel, M Keksis, AL O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, R Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM AF Couture, A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Baker, J. D. Bayarbadrahk, B. Becker, J. A. Bond, E. Bredeweg, T. A. Chyzh, A. Dashdorj, D. Fowler, M. Haight, R. C. Jandel, M. Keksis, A. L. O'Donnell, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wouters, J. M. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI DANCEing with the Stars: Measuring Neutron Capture on Unstable Isotopes with DANCE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Nuclear Astrophysics; Neutron Capture ID S-PROCESS AB Isotopes heavier than iron are known to be produced in stars through neutron capture processes. Two major processes, the slow (s) and rapid (r) processes are each responsible for 50% of the abundances of the heavy isotopes. The neutron capture cross sections of the isotopes on the s process path reveal information about the expected abundances of the elements as well as stellar conditions and dynamics. Until recently, measurements on unstable isotopes, which are most important for determining stellar temperatures and reaction flow, have not been experimentally feasible. The Detector for Advance Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) was designed to perform time-of-flight neutron capture measurements on unstable isotopes for nuclear astrophysics, stockpile stewardship, and reactor development. DANCE is a 4-pi BaF(2) scintillator array which can perform measurements on sub-milligram samples of isotopes with half-lives as short as a few hundred days. These cross sections are critical for advancing our understanding of the production of the heavy isotopes. C1 [Couture, A.; Bond, E.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Fowler, M.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; Keksis, A. L.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Rundberg, R.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Couture, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 715 EP 718 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500157 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Havener, CC Lewis, TL Galindo-Uribarri, A Beene, JR AF Liu, Y. Havener, C. C. Lewis, T. L. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Beene, J. R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Efficient Isobar Suppression by Photodetachment in a RF Quadrupole Ion Cooler SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE photodetachment; isobar suppression; buffer gas cooling; RF quadrupole ion guide ID NEGATIVE-IONS AB A highly efficient method for suppressing isobar contaminants in negative radioactive ion beams by photodetachment is demonstrated. A laser beam having the appropriate photon energy is used to selectively neutralize the contaminant if the electron affinity of the contaminant is lower than the electron affinity of the desired radioactive ions. The photodetachment efficiency can be dramatically increased when the laser-ion interaction is made inside a radio frequency quadrupole ion beam cooler where the ion residence time can be a few milliseconds. In off-line experiments with ion beams of stable isotopes, more than 99.9% suppression of S(-) and O(-) ions by photodetachment has been obtained. These ions would be the contaminants of desired beams of Cl(-) and F(-), respectively. Under similar conditions no reduction in Cl(-) and F(-) ions was observed. The off-line results demonstrate the potential of this technique for on-line purification of a number of interesting radioactive beams and possible applications in accelerator mass spectrometry. C1 [Liu, Y.; Havener, C. C.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Beene, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500162 ER PT S AU Szelezniak, M Anderssen, E Greiner, LC Matis, HS Ritter, HG Stezelberger, T Sun, X Thomas, JH Vu, CQ Wieman, HH AF Szelezniak, Michal Anderssen, Eric Greiner, Leo C. Matis, Howard S. Ritter, Hans Georg Stezelberger, Thorsten Sun, Xiangming Thomas, James H. Vu, Chinh Q. Wieman, Howard H. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI STAR Vertex Detector Upgrade - HFT Pixel Development SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Vertex detector; APS; MAPS; Pixel ID PARTICLE TRACKING; SUPPRESSION; SENSORS AB Development and prototyping efforts directed towards construction of a new vertex detector for the STAR experiment at the RHIC accelerator at BNL are presented. This new detector will extend the physics range of STAR by allowing for precision measurements of yields and spectra of particles containing heavy quarks. The innermost central part of the new detector is a high resolution pixel-type detector (PIXEL). PIXEL requirements are discussed as well as a conceptual mechanical design, a sensor development path, and a detector readout architecture. Selected progress with sensor prototypes dedicated to the PIXEL detector is summarized and the approach chosen for the readout system architecture validated in tests of hardware prototypes is discussed. C1 [Szelezniak, Michal; Greiner, Leo C.; Matis, Howard S.; Ritter, Hans Georg; Sun, Xiangming; Thomas, James H.; Wieman, Howard H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Szelezniak, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 782 EP 785 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500172 ER PT S AU Matei, C Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Cizewski, JA Grzywacz, RK Liddick, SN Padgett, SW Peters, WA Sarazin, F AF Matei, C. Bardayan, D. W. Blackmon, J. C. Cizewski, J. A. Grzywacz, R. K. Liddick, S. N. Padgett, S. W. Peters, W. A. Sarazin, F. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Development of a Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE neutron detectors; plastic scintillators; time-of-flight; beta-delayed neutrons; (d,n) AB The Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy (VANDLE) is a new array of plastic scintillator bars under development for measurements at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The array is highly modular allowing the configuration of the individual elements to be optimized for particular experimental requirements, such as (d,n) and beta-delayed neutron-decay measurements with neutron-rich rare isotope beams. C1 [Matei, C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matei, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Peters, William/B-3214-2012; Matei, Catalin/B-2586-2008 OI Peters, William/0000-0002-3022-4924; Matei, Catalin/0000-0002-2254-3853 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 790 EP 793 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500174 ER PT S AU Galindo-Uribarri, A Padilla-Rodal, E Batchelder, JC Beene, JR Lagergen, KB Mueller, PE Radford, DC Stracener, DW Urrego-Blanco, JP Varner, RL Yu, CH AF Galindo-Uribarri, A. Padilla-Rodal, E. Batchelder, J. C. Beene, J. R. Lagergen, K. B. Mueller, P. E. Radford, D. C. Stracener, D. W. Urrego-Blanco, J. P. Varner, R. L. Yu, C-H. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Nuclear Structure Studies with Radioactive Ion Beams in the Mass A=80 Region SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Radioactive ion beams; neutron-rich nuclei; Coulomb excitation; charged-particle detectors AB An experimental program to measure spectroscopic properties of neutron-rich nuclei in the A = 80 region is underway at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Our approach has been to get a comprehensive picture of the shell structure in this region by studying a series of properties of low lying states (E(2(+)), B(E2), g-factors and quadrupole moments). The beams, instrumentation and techniques developed specifically for this purpose have allowed us to systematically study the behavior of these observables along isotopic and isotonic chains using both stable and radioactive nuclei under almost identical experimental conditions. We have developed many techniques and detectors for in-beam gamma spectroscopy with radioactive ion beams. Most of the detectors can be used individually or in combination. Generally these detector systems have very large efficiencies. We give examples of their use from three recent experiments; namely, Coulomb excitation of n-rich nuclei along the N = 50 shell closure, the static quadrupole moment of the first 2(+) in (78)Ge and g-factor measurements of n-rich isotopes near N = 50. C1 [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Beene, J. R.; Lagergen, K. B.; Mueller, P. E.; Radford, D. C.; Stracener, D. W.; Varner, R. L.; Yu, C-H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 824 EP 828 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500182 ER PT S AU Bardayan, DW Moazen, BH Pain, SD Smith, AS AF Bardayan, D. W. Moazen, B. H. Pain, S. D. Smith, A. S. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Elemental Discrimination of Low-Energy Ions using Risetime Analysis of Silicon-Strip Detector Signals SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE particle identification; silicon detectors ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; SURFACE-BARRIER DETECTORS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; IDENTIFICATION AB To make measurements with the intense (but often contaminated) radioactive beams available today, one often needs to identify the reaction products to determine the events of interest. The low energies required for many astrophysics measurements make impossible the use of traditional energy loss techniques, and additional constraints are required. We demonstrate a simple technique to measure the risetimes of silicon strip-detector signals and show partial discrimination can be obtained even at energies below 1 MeV/u. C1 [Bardayan, D. W.; Pain, S. D.; Smith, A. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011 OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 829 EP 831 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500183 ER PT S AU Chichester, DL Seabury, EH AF Chichester, D. L. Seabury, E. H. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Active Interrogation Using Electronic Neutron Generators for Nuclear Safeguards Applications SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Electronic Neutron Generator; Safeguards; Reprocessing ID SYSTEM; FUEL AB Active interrogation, a measurement technique which uses a radiation source to probe materials and generate unique signatures useful for characterizing those materials, is a powerful tool for assaying special nuclear material. The most commonly used technique for performing active interrogation is to use an electronic neutron generator as the probe radiation source. Exploiting the unique operating characteristics of these devices, including their monoenergetic neutron emissions and their ability to operate in pulsed modes, presents a number of options for performing prompt and delayed signature analyses using both photon and neutron sensors. A review of literature in this area shows multiple applications of the active neutron interrogation technique for performing nuclear nonproliferation measurements. Some examples include measuring the plutonium content of spent fuel, assaying plutonium residue in spent fuel hull claddings, assaying plutonium in aqueous fuel reprocessing process streams, and assaying nuclear fuel reprocessing facility waste streams to detect and quantify fissile material. This paper discusses the historical use of this technique and examines its context within the scope and challenges of next-generation nuclear fuel cycles and advanced concept nuclear fuel cycle facilities. C1 [Chichester, D. L.; Seabury, E. H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500188 ER PT S AU Tang, V Morse, J Meyer, G Falabella, S Guethlein, G Kerr, P Park, HG Rusnak, B Sampayan, S Schmid, G Spadaccini, C Wang, L AF Tang, V. Morse, J. Meyer, G. Falabella, S. Guethlein, G. Kerr, P. Park, H. G. Rusnak, B. Sampayan, S. Schmid, G. Spadaccini, C. Wang, L. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Crystal Driven Neutron Source: A New Paradigm for Miniature Neutron Sources SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Neutron source; pyrofusion; crystal; pyroelectric; interrogation AB Neutron interrogation techniques have specific advantages for detection of hidden, shielded, or buried threats over other detection modalities in that neutrons readily penetrate most materials providing backscattered gammas indicative of the elemental composition of the potential threat. Such techniques have broad application to military and homeland security needs. Present neutron sources and interrogation systems are expensive and relatively bulky, thereby making widespread use of this technique impractical. Development of a compact, high intensity crystal driven neutron source is described. The crystal driven neutron source approach has been previously demonstrated using pyroelectric crystals that generate extremely high voltages when thermal cycled [1-4]. Placement of a sharpened needle on the positively polarized surface of the pyroelectric crystal results in sufficient field intensification to field ionize background deuterium molecules in a test chamber, and subsequently accelerate the ions to energies in excess of similar to 100 keV, sufficient for either D-D or D-T fusion reactions with appropriate target materials. Further increase in ion beam current can be achieved through optimization of crystal thermal ramping, ion source and crystal accelerator configuration. The advantage of such a system is the compact size along with elimination of large, high voltage power supplies. A novel implementation discussed incorporates an independently controlled ion source in order to provide pulsed neutron operation having microsecond pulse width. C1 [Tang, V.; Meyer, G.; Falabella, S.; Guethlein, G.; Kerr, P.; Park, H. G.; Rusnak, B.; Sampayan, S.; Schmid, G.; Spadaccini, C.; Wang, L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tang, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-229, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Park, Hyung Gyu/F-3056-2013 OI Park, Hyung Gyu/0000-0001-8121-2344 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 870 EP 873 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500192 ER PT S AU Dioszegi, I Smith, G Schaknowski, N AF Dioszegi, I. Smith, G. Schaknowski, N. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI 14-MeV Neutron Generator Used as a Thermal Neutron Source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Neutron; Monte Carlo method; Shielding AB One of the most important applications of the general purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP5 and MCNPX)) codes is neutron shielding design. We employed this method to simulate the shielding of a 14-MeV neutron generator used as a thermal neutron source providing an external thermal neutron beam for testing large area neutron detectors developed for diffraction studies in biology and also useful for national security applications. C1 [Dioszegi, I.; Smith, G.; Schaknowski, N.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dioszegi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 912 EP 914 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500202 ER PT S AU Seabury, EH Chichester, DL Wharton, CJ Caffrey, AJ AF Seabury, E. H. Chichester, D. L. Wharton, C. J. Caffrey, A. J. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI A Comparison of Neutron-Based Non-Destructive Assessment Methods for Chemical Warfare Materiel and High Explosives SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE PGNAA; Electronic Neutron Generator AB Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) systems employ neutrons as a probe to interrogate items, e.g. chemical warfare materiel-filled munitions. The choice of a neutron source in field-portable systems is determined by its ability to excite nuclei of interest, operational concerns such as radiological safety and ease-of-use, and cost. Idaho National Laboratory's PINS Chemical Assay System has traditionally used a (252)Cf isotopic neutron source, but recently a deuterium-tritium (DT) electronic neutron generator (ENG) has been tested as an alternate neutron source. This paper presents the results of using both of these neutron sources to interrogate chemical warfare materiel (CWM) and high explosive (HE) filled munitions. C1 [Seabury, E. H.; Chichester, D. L.; Wharton, C. J.; Caffrey, A. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Seabury, EH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 928 EP 931 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500206 ER PT S AU Tang, M Valdez, JA Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, KE AF Tang, M. Valdez, J. A. Uberuaga, B. P. Sickafus, K. E. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Irradiation-Induced Amorphization and Order-Disorder Transformation in the Tungsten delta-phase Oxides Yb(6)W(1)O(12) and Y(6)W(1)O(12) SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE Ceramics oxides; Ion radiation effects; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; Phase transformation ID RADIATION TOLERANCE AB Polycrystalline Yb(6)W(1)O(12) and Y(6)W(1)O(12) samples, which possess rhombohedral symmetry (structure known as the delta-phase, closely related to cubic fluorite structure), were irradiated with 280 keV Kr(++) ions to fluences up to 2x10(20) ion s/m(2) at cryogenic temperature (100 K). Ion irradiation damage effects in these samples were examined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Irradiation-induced amorphization in both compounds has been observed by GIXRD and TEM, while the amorphization dose for Yb(6)W(1)O(12) is lower than that for Y(6)W(1)O(12). Experimental results also revealed that both irradiated samples experience an ordered rhombohedral to disordered cubic fluorite (O-D) transformation before amorphization. Factors influencing the irradiation damage response of these two compounds will be discussed in terms of cation radius ratio and cation antisite formation energy calculated by density functional theory (DFT). C1 [Tang, M.; Valdez, J. A.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 973 EP 976 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500216 ER PT S AU Jacobsohn, LG Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE Martin, MS Shao, L AF Jacobsohn, L. G. Bennett, B. L. Muenchausen, R. E. Martin, M. S. Shao, L. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Radioluminescence Investigation of Ion-Irradiated Phosphors SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 10-15, 2008 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab DE phosphor; oxide; ion irradiation; damage; radioluminescence; surface modification ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH-GERMANATE; LUMINESCENCE; BI4GE3O12; CRYSTALS; SURFACE; CENTERS; LU2SIO5; OXYGEN AB Phosphors are materials that emit light under the excitation of incoming radiation. This property is used, among other applications, in radiation detection. Efficient energy transfer from the ionization track to the luminescent centers must occur to yield significant light output. Besides, the investigation of the effects of ion irradiation on the luminescence of phosphors is comparatively unexplored. In this work, we review radioluminescence (RL) investigation of ion-irradiated oxides and oxide phosphors, and present preliminary data on the effects of ion irradiation on the luminescence of intrinsic phosphor Bi(4)Ge(3)O(12) (BGO). Commercial crystals were irradiated, and the irradiation effects characterized by means of RL measurements as a function of temperature, from 10 K to room temperature (RT), and optical absorption measurements. Overall, surface modification induced by ion irradiation leads to higher luminescence output. C1 [Jacobsohn, L. G.; Bennett, B. L.; Muenchausen, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0633-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1099 BP 977 EP 980 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJH43 UT WOS:000265828500217 ER PT S AU Magnelind, P Winkler, D Hanse, E Tarte, E AF Magnelind, Per Winkler, Dag Hanse, Eric Tarte, Edward BE In, V Longhini, P Palacious, A TI Magnetophysiology of Brain Slices Using an HTS SQUID Magnetometer System SO APPLICATIONS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS-MODEL AND DESIGN OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Poipu Beach, HI SP Off Naval Res ID GUINEA-PIG; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; SIGNALS; MEG AB A high-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (HTS SQUID) system has been developed and employed in neuromagnetic measurements of evoked fields from in vitro brain slices. Transverse hippocampal slices from rat were prepared and measured. The evoked neuronal activity produced neuromagnetic fields of similar to 5 pT. C1 [Magnelind, Per] Chalmers, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Magnelind, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-21 MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM per.magnelind@mc2.chalmers.se RI Hanse, Eric/B-4935-2009; Winkler, Dag/A-8345-2008 OI Winkler, Dag/0000-0001-8332-3742 FU Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research through its OXIDE program FX This work was supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research through its OXIDE program NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 978-3-540-85631-3 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2009 BP 323 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-85632-0_26 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BJC60 UT WOS:000264750300026 ER PT S AU Raghunathan, SL Dashwood, R Jackson, M Vogel, S Dye, D AF Raghunathan, Seema L. Dashwood, Richard Jackson, Martin Vogel, Sven Dye, David BE Rollett, AD TI IN SITU OBSERVATION OF TEXTURE EVOLUTION IN Ti-10-2-3 SO APPLICATIONS OF TEXTURE ANALYSIS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Alcoa Technical Ctr ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; HOT-WORKING; TI-6AL-4V; TI-10V-2FE-3AL; DISTRIBUTIONS; GRAIN; FLOW AB The near-beta titanium alloy, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (Ti-10-2-3), is often isothermally forged at 760 degrees C for aircraft landing gear applications. The microstructural development of this alloy has received much attention but the macrotextures and microtextures that evolve during forging have not been investigated to any great extent. The EBSD technique was used to determine the misorientation distributions between the subgrains at a strain of 0.8 and strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s(-1). The measured distributions were found to be similar, with an average misorientation of 2.2 degrees. Time of fight neutron diffraction allowed the macrotexture evolution to be studied. Interrupted testing was performed at 0.01 s(-1) to a strain of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 and 0.8. It showed that the moderate cube macrotexture inherited from the parent material was converted into a moderate fibre texture. The major change occurred between strains of 0.4 and 0.6. The in situ synchrotron diffraction studies allowed the orientation evolution of individual grains to be characterised. For 0.1 s(-1) a change in behaviour from dispersion of the crystal mosaic at low strains to convergence of the crystal mosaic at larger strains was observed. At lower strain rates, only convergence of the crystal mosaic was observed. These results appear to indicate a change in mechanism between deformation-controlled behaviour during the early stages of deformation and a strain rate of 0.1 s(-1) and diffusional, recovery-controlled behaviour lower strain rates and higher strains. C1 [Raghunathan, Seema L.; Dashwood, Richard; Jackson, Martin; Dye, David] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vogel, Sven] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raghunathan, SL (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. RI Dye, David/B-5603-2012 OI Dye, David/0000-0002-8756-3513 FU EPSRC under DTA studentship; HIPPO; LANSCE; US Department of Energy; EPSRC [GWT26344101] FX This work was funded by EPSRC under a DTA studentship awarded to SLR. Funding of the beam time at HIPPO, LANSCE is provided by US Department of Energy. The group is also supported by EPSRC platform grant GWT26344101. We would like to thank Jeff Brooks at QinetiQ for material supply and Andy Gotz and Magnus Bostrom at ESRF for help with performing the diffraction experiments. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40835-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 201 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BTL61 UT WOS:000287220000007 ER PT S AU Necker, CT Marchi, AN Smith, MG AF Necker, C. T. Marchi, A. N. Smith, M. G. BE Rollett, AD TI MULTI-CYCLE PINCH WELDING OF 304L TUBES: INHOMOGENEITIES IN DEFORMATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES AND MICROSTRUCTURES SO APPLICATIONS OF TEXTURE ANALYSIS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Alcoa Technical Ctr AB The evolution of textures and microstructures during solid state pinch welding of 304L tubing is studied. Determination of mechanisms responsible for the final texture and microstructure are of significant interest. Results from fully bonded tubes suggest that the central portion of the bond line undergoes dynamic recrystallization while material peripheral to the bond line undergoes static recrystallization. Grain growth does not occur in the bonded region even though the temperatures approach the melting temperature. The texture evolves from an initial {111} fiber texture to a {100} fiber+cube texture. The texture evolution is ascribed to a process similar to strain induced boundary migration (SIBM), where a limited but constant source of dislocations during the pinching and welding operations accumulate more readily in non-{100} grains than in the {100} grains. The stored energy differential biases boundary migration into the non-cube grains. C1 [Necker, C. T.; Marchi, A. N.; Smith, M. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Necker, CT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-6,MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40835-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 201 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BTL61 UT WOS:000287220000053 ER PT J AU Datta, BN Sokolov, V AF Datta, Biswa N. Sokolov, Vadim TI QUADRATIC INVERSE EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS, ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL AND MODEL UPDATING SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE inverse eigenvalue problem; vibration control; model updating ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS; EIGENSTRUCTURE ASSIGNMENT; POLE ASSIGNMENT; SYSTEMS; PENCIL AB This paper presents a brief review of recent developments oil quadratic inverse eigenvalue problem with applications to active vibration control and finite element model updating. C1 [Datta, Biswa N.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Sokolov, Vadim] Transportat Res & Anal Comp Ctr, Div Energy Syst, Argonne Natl Lab, W Chicago, IL 60185 USA. RP Datta, BN (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Watson Hall 320, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM dattab@math.niu.edu; vsokolov@anl.gov FU NSF [DMS-0505784]; US Department of Education [P116Z040180] FX The research of the author has been supported by NSF grant # DMS-0505784. The research of the author has been supported by US Department of Education Grant # P116Z040180 to the Vibration and Acoustic Center at College of Engineering of NIU. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINISTRY COMMUNICATIONS & HIGH TECHNOLOGIES REPUBLIC AZERBAIJAN PI BAKU PA BAKU STATE UNIV, INST APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Z KHALILOV STR 23, BAKU, AZ 1148, AZERBAIJAN SN 1683-3511 EI 1683-6154 J9 APPL COMPUT MATH-BAK JI Appl. Comput. Math. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 BP 170 EP 191 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 544AQ UT WOS:000273624000004 ER PT J AU Hodge, DB Karim, MN Schell, DJ McMillan, JD AF Hodge, David B. Karim, M. Nazmul Schell, Daniel J. McMillan, James D. TI Model-Based Fed-Batch for High-Solids Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fed-batch; Cellulase; Corn stover; Biomass; Optimal control; High-solids saccharification ID STEAM-PRETREATED SOFTWOOD; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; CORN STOVER; FERMENTATION PROCESSES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ACID PRETREATMENT; PILOT-SCALE; BIOMASS; INHIBITION; KINETICS AB While many kinetic models have been developed for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, few have been extensively applied for process design, optimization, or control. High-solids operation of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is motivated by both its operation decreasing capital costs and increasing product concentration and hence separation costs. This work utilizes both insights obtained from experimental work and kinetic modeling to develop an optimization strategy for cellulose saccharification at insoluble solids levels greater than 15% (w/w), where mixing in stirred tank reactors (STRs) becomes problematic. A previously developed model for batch enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was modified to consider the effects of feeding in the context of fed-batch operation. By solving the set of model differential equations, a feeding profile was developed to maintain the insoluble solids concentration at a constant or manageable level throughout the course of the reaction. Using this approach, a stream of relatively concentrated solids (and cellulase enzymes) can be used to increase the final sugar concentration within the reactor without requiring the high initial levels of insoluble solids that would be required if the operation were performed in batch mode. Experimental application in bench-scale STRs using a feed stream of dilute acid-pretreated corn stover solids and cellulase enzymes resulted in similar cellulose conversion profiles to those achieved in batch shake-flask reactors where temperature control issues are mitigated. Final cellulose conversions reached approximately 80% of theoretical for fed-batch STRs fed to reach a cumulative solids level of 25% (w/w) initial insoluble solids. C1 [Hodge, David B.] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Biochem & Chem Proc Technol, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. [Karim, M. Nazmul] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Schell, Daniel J.; McMillan, James D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hodge, DB (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Biochem & Chem Proc Technol, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. EM david.hodge@ltu.se OI Karim, Muhammad/0000-0002-0332-4217 FU US Department of Energy ( DOE) FX The US Department of Energy ( DOE) supported this work through the Office of the Biomass Programs. NR 38 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 46 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 152 IS 1 BP 88 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8217-0 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 392CN UT WOS:000262280600009 PM 18512162 ER PT J AU Kibanova, D Trejo, M Destaillats, H Cervini-Silva, J AF Kibanova, Daria Trejo, Martin Destaillats, Hugo Cervini-Silva, Javiera TI Synthesis of hectorite-TiO2 and kaolinite-TiO2 nanocomposites with photocatalytic activity for the degradation of model air pollutants SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Photocatalysis; Clays; Hectorite; Kaolinite; VOCs; Toluene; d-limonene; Titania; Indoor pollutants ID SOCIETY SOURCE CLAYS; BASE-LINE; TIO2; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; BENZENE; TOLUENE AB We studied the synthesis and photocatalytic activity of small-sized TiO2 supported on hectorite and kaolinite. Deposition of TiO2 on the clay mineral surface was conducted by using a sol-gel method with titanium isopropoxide as precursor. Anatase TiO2 particles formation was achieved by hydrothermal treatment at 180 degrees C. Material characterization was conducted using XRD, SEM, XPS, ICP-OES, BET and porosimetry analysis. fficiency in synthesizing clay-TiO2 composites depended strongly on the clay mineral structure. Incorporation of anatase in hectorite, an expandable clay mineral, was found to be very significant (>36 wt.% Ti) and to be followed by important structural changes at the clay mineral surface. Instead, no major structural modifications of the clay were observed for kaolinite-TiO2, as compared with the untreated material. Photocatalytic performance of clay-TiO2 composites was evaluated with ATR-FTIR following the oxidation of adsorbed toluene and D-limonene, two model air pollutants. In either case, the photocatalytic removal efficiency of these hydrophobic substrates by the synthesized clay-TiO2 composites was comparable to that observed using pure commercial TiO2 (Degussa P25). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kibanova, Daria; Cervini-Silva, Javiera] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. [Kibanova, Daria; Trejo, Martin] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. [Destaillats, Hugo] Environm Energy Technol Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Destaillats, Hugo] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cervini-Silva, Javiera] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Cervini-Silva, J (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Circuito Exterior,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. EM HDestaillats@lbl.gov; jcervini@igg.unam.mx RI Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 FU DGAPA-UNAM scholarship; PAPIIT [116007-2]; Mexican Academy of Sciences (Academia Mexicana de Ciencias); United States-Mexico Foundation for Science (Fundacion Mexico-Estados Unidos para la Ciencia); CONACYT [61670]; UC MEXUS Program; LBNL [366088] FX DK thanks the support of a DGAPA-UNAM scholarship. The authors express gratitude to P. Fernandez and P. Santiago-Jacinto (UNAM) for technical support, to R. Hernadez-Reyes (UNAM, SEM), to D. Lucas and A.T. Hodgson (LBNL-EETD), to B. Gilbert (LBNL-ESD) for XRD data acquisition and interpretation, to M. Salmeron and V. Altoe (LBNLMSD, XPS), to J.T. Larsen (LBNL-ESD, ICP-OES) and to V. Battaglia and X. Song (LBNL-EETD, BET analysis). This project was supported in part by UNAM [Proyecto Universitario de Nanotecnologia Ambiental (PUNTA), DGAPA-UNAM, PAPIIT (Grant No. IN 116007-2)], the Mexican Academy of Sciences (Academia Mexicana de Ciencias) and the United States-Mexico Foundation for Science (Fundacion Mexico-Estados Unidos para la Ciencia) through the 2006-Young Researcher Summer Program Fellowship (AMC-FUMEC), CONACYT [SEP-CONACYT Ciencia Basica 2006, Grant no. 61670], the UC MEXUS Program and by LBNL (LDRD Project # 366088). NR 21 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 387PS UT WOS:000261964700034 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Pordesimo, LO Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S AF Igathinathane, C. Pordesimo, L. O. Womac, A. R. Sokhansanj, S. TI HYGROSCOPIC MOISTURE SORPTION KINETICS MODELING OF CORN STOVER AND ITS FRACTIONS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Corn stover; Hydration; Kinetics; Models; Moisture; Sorption ID WATER-ABSORPTION; HYDRATION KINETICS; PELEGS EQUATION; SOAKING; COMPONENTS; BIOMASS; BEANS; WHEAT AB Corti stover, a major crop-based lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, is required to be at an optimum moisture content for efficient bioconversion processes. Environmental conditions surrounding corn stover; as in storage facilities, affect its moisture due to hygroscopic sorption or desorption. The measurement and modeling of sorption characteristics of corn stover and its leaf, husk, and stalk fractions are useful front utilization and storage standpoints, hence investigated in this article. A benchtop low-temperature humidity chamber provided the test environments of 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 40 degrees C at a constant 95% relative humidity. Measured sorption characteristics with three replications for each fraction were obtained front instantaneous sample masses and initial moisture contents. Observed sorption characteristics were fitted using exponential, Page, and Peleg models. Corn stover fractions displayed a rapid initial moisture uptake followed by a slower sorption rates and eventually becoming almost asymptotic after 25 It. Sorption characteristics of all corn stover fractions were significantly different (P < 0.0001) but not the effect of temperature (P > 0.05) on these fractions. The initial 30 min of sorption was found to be critical due to peak rates of sorption front storage, handling, and processing standpoints. The Page and Peleg models had comparable performance fitting the sorption curves (R(2) >= 0.995), however the exponential model (R(2) >= 0.91) was not found suitable because of patterned residuals. The Arrhenius type relationship (P < 0.05; R(2) >= 0.80) explained the temperature variation of the fitted sorption model parameters. The Peleg model fitted constants, among the sorption models studied, had the best fit (R(2) >= 0.93) with the Arrhenius relationship. A developed method of mass proportion, involving individual corn stover fraction dry matter ratios, predicted the whole corn stover sorption characteristics from that of its individual fractions. Sorption characteristics models of individual corn stover fractions and predicted whole corn stover including a nomogram call be used for direct and quick estimation. Developed sorption characteristics find application in several fields of corn stover biomass processing, handling, and transport. C1 [Igathinathane, C.; Pordesimo, L. O.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Womac, A. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Sokhansanj, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Igathinathane, C (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 130 Creelman St, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM igathi@gmail.com OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [34000008088]; Sustainable Energy Research Center a; MAFES at Mississippi State University [DE-FG3606GO86025] FX The authors appreciate the financial support by the Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Subcontract No. 34000008088) and the Sustainable Energy Research Center and MAFES at Mississippi State University (U.S. DOE Award No. DE-FG3606GO86025) is also gratefully appreciated. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 410KZ UT WOS:000263577200008 ER PT J AU McNab, WW Singleton, MJ Moran, JE Esser, BK AF McNab, Walt W., Jr. Singleton, Michael J. Moran, Jean E. Esser, Bradley K. TI Ion exchange and trace element surface complexation reactions associated with applied recharge of low-TDS water in the San Joaquin Valley, California SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; TULARE LAKE BED; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; AQUIFER; AGE; ISOTOPES; TRITIUM AB Stable isotope data, a dissolved gas tracer study, groundwater age dating, and geochemical modeling were used to identify and characterize the effects of introducing low-TDS recharge water in a shallow aerobic aquifer affected by a managed aquifer recharge project in California's San Joaquin Valley. The data all consistently point to a substantial degree of mixing of recharge water from surface ponds with ambient groundwater in a number of nearby wells screened at depths above 60 m below ground surface. Ground-water age data indicate that the wells near the recharge ponds sample recently recharged water, as delineated by stable O and C isotope data as well as total dissolved solids, in addition to much older groundwater in various mixing proportions. Where the recharge water signature is present, the specific geochemical interactions between the recharge water and the aquifer material appear to include ion exchange reactions (comparative enrichment of affected groundwater with Na and K at the expense of Ca and Mg) and the desorption of oxyanion-forming trace elements (As, V, and Mo), possibly in response to the elevated pH of the recharge water. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McNab, Walt W., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Singleton, Michael J.; Esser, Bradley K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Moran, Jean E.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP McNab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Dept, POB 808,L-530, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mcnabl@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 FU US Department of Energy by the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; California State Water Resources Control Board FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-ENG-48. Funding for this project was provided by the California State Water Resources Control Board Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program. The Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment program is sponsored by the State Water Resources Control Board and carried Out in cooperation with the US Geological Survey. Philip Norton conducted field sampling and analysis. Rachel Lindvall and Roald Leif provided sample analysis. Kevin Kauffman and his staff at the Stockton East Water District granted access to the site and provided support for the sampling effort. We also wish to acknowledge the two peer reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.009 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398MT UT WOS:000262736900012 ER PT J AU Harden, LA Pittman, SE Gibbons, JW Dorcas, ME AF Harden, Leigh Anne Pittman, Shannon E. Gibbons, J. Whitfield Dorcas, Michael E. TI Development of a rapid-assessment technique for diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) populations using head-count surveys SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diamondback terrapin; head-count surveys; Malaclemys terrapin; population trends; rapid-assessment ID CRAB POTS; TURTLES; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; CAPTURE; FLORIDA; STATES AB Although diamondback terrapins appear to be declining throughout much of their geographic range, more information is required to evaluate population trends. Unfortunately. sampling terrapin populations is both time and labor intensive. We initiated studies to examine the efficacy of using head counts in tidal creeks as a rapid-assessment technique for monitoring terrapin populations. From 2005 to 2007, we conducted headcount surveys in conjunction with regular aquatic sampling. Head-count surveys consisted of recording the number of terrapins we observed from a boat going up (run 1) and down (run 2) tidal creeks. These surveys were conducted before aquatic sampling (i.e., low tide) as well as other times (e.g., high tide). We found the strongest positive relationship between the number of terrapins observed in run I combined with run 2 and the number of terrapins captured (R-2 = 0.538). We examined the effects of variables such as day of year, time of day, cloud cover, and creek location on the number of heads seen. Such models will allow effective monitoring of terrapin population trends and improve implementation of appropriate conservation measures. We recommend a refinement of head-count surveys and the involvement of citizen scientists to aid in the establishment of a ran.-e-wide monitoring program that will greatly increase survey effort while saving time and money. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV. Leiden, 2009 C1 [Harden, Leigh Anne; Pittman, Shannon E.; Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Harden, LA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM lah4492@uncw.edu FU Duke Powe; Department of Biology at Davidson College; National Science Foundation [REU DBI-0139153, DEB-0347326]; Environmental Remediation Sciences Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX We thank Marilyn Blizard, Sophia McCallister. and Resort Quest Kiawah Island Vacation Rentals for providing lodging or arranging for housing while conducting Our research at Kiawah Island. We also thank the numerous UGA-SREL and Davidson personnel for assistance with surveying, sampling and processing terrapins, especially Kristen Cecala, Tom Wiring, and Cris Hagen. Tom Luhring provided comments that improved the manuscript. This research was approved by the Davidson College Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #3-04-11) and conducted under permit #0648 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Funding was provided by Duke Power, the Department of Biology at Davidson College, National Science Foundation Grants (REU DBI-0139153 and DEB-0347326) to MED, and the Environmental Remediation Sciences Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy through Financial Assistance Award number DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 EI 1570-7547 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1163/157075408X397527 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 483LP UT WOS:000268968500004 ER PT J AU Farmer, AL Smith, LL Castleberry, SB Gibbons, JW AF Farmer, Anna L. Smith, Lora L. Castleberry, Steven B. Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI A comparison of techniques for sampling amphibians in isolated wetlands in Georgia, USA SO APPLIED HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; defection; Georgia; isolated wetland; method; monitoring; occupancy modeling; United States ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SIREN-LACERTINA; HYLID TREEFROGS; AMPHIUMA-MEANS; OCCUPANCY AB We compared the effectiveness of five amphibian sampling methods in nine isolated wetlands in Baker Country, Georgia, USA. Overall aquatic funnel traps yielded the most species, although the number detected using frogloggers (automated frog call recording devices), funnel traps, dipnetting and PVC pipe refugia was not significantly different among sampling techniques. We detected the same median number of species with funnel traps and frogloggers as with all five methods combined. Methods varied widely in their detection probabilities for individual species and life stages. Species occupaney estimates were strongly affected by method choice. Our results suggest that a combination of methods and prolonged sampling periods are necessary to detect the large numer of species present in southeastern isolated wetlands. We recommend that future amphibian surveys in these habitats use a combination of floating funnel traps, frogloggers, and crayfish traps as sampling methods when an assessment of species richness is the objective of a study. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV. Leiden. 2009. C1 [Farmer, Anna L.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Lake City, FL 32072 USA. [Smith, Lora L.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Castleberry, Steven B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Farmer, AL (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 3377 E US Hwy 90, Lake City, FL 32072 USA. EM anna.farmer@myfwc.com NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7539 J9 APPL HERPETOL JI Appl. Herpetol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1163/157075309X12470350858433 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 532DT UT WOS:000272726000002 ER PT J AU Pan, H Misra, N Ko, SH Grigoropoulos, CP Miller, N Haller, EE Dubon, O AF Pan, Heng Misra, Nipun Ko, Seung H. Grigoropoulos, Costas P. Miller, Nate Haller, Eugene E. Dubon, Oscar TI Melt-mediated coalescence of solution-deposited ZnO nanoparticles by excimer laser annealing for thin-film transistor fabrication SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Nanoparticle solutions are considered promising for realizing low cost printable high performance flexible electronics. In this letter, excimer laser annealing (ELA) was employed to induce melting of solution-deposited ZnO nanoparticles and form electrically conductive porous films. The properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, DC conductance, and photoluminescence measurements. Thin-film field-effect transistors have been fabricated by ELA without the use of conventional vacuum or any high temperature thermal annealing processes. The transistors show n-type accumulation mode behavior with mobility greater than 0.1 cm(2)/V s and current on/off ratios of more than 10(4). Optimization and control of the laser processing parameters minimized thermal impact on the substrate. This technique can be beneficial in the fabrication of metal oxide based electronics on heat sensitive flexible plastic substrates using low-cost, large-area solution processing combined with direct printing techniques. C1 [Pan, Heng; Misra, Nipun; Ko, Seung H.; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Laser Thermal Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Nate; Haller, Eugene E.; Dubon, Oscar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Nate; Haller, Eugene E.; Dubon, Oscar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ko, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Laser Thermal Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM max93ko@gmail.com; cgrigoro@me.berkeley.edu RI Ko, Seung Hwan/B-5448-2008; Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009 OI Ko, Seung Hwan/0000-0002-7477-0820; FU US National Science Foundation [CMMI 0700827]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support to the University of California, Berkeley by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI 0700827 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also would like to thank Xiaobo Chen from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for HRTEM characterizations and discussions. PL measurements were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s00339-008-4925-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 372YH UT WOS:000260937700017 ER PT J AU Franco, A Alves, TEP Lima, ECD Nunes, ED Zapf, V AF Franco, Adolfo, Jr. Pereira Alves, Thiago Eduardo Lima, Emilia Celma de Oliveira Nunes, Eloisa da Silva Zapf, Vivien TI Enhanced magnetization of nanoparticles of MgxFe(3 (-) O-x)(4) ( 0.5 <= x <= 1.5) syntehesized by combustion reaction SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID COBALT FERRITE; MAGNESIUM FERRITE; CATION DISTRIBUTION; COFE2O4 POWDERS; PARTICLES; MGFE2O4; SPECTRA AB For the first time nanocrystalline magnetic particles of MgxFe(3 (-) O-x)(4) with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 have been synthesized by a combustion reaction method using iron nitrate Fe(NO3)(3)center dot 9H(2)O, magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O, and urea CO(NH2)(2) as fuel without intermediate decomposition and/or calcining steps. X-ray diffraction patterns of all systems showed broad peaks consistent with cubic inverse spinel structure of MgFe2O4. The absence of extra reflections in the diffraction patterns of as-prepared materials ensures the phase purity. The mean crystallite sizes determined from the prominent (311) peak of the diffraction using Scherrer's equation and transmission electron microscopy micrographs were c. a. 40 nm with spherical morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the as-prepared material showed traces of organic and metallic salt by-products; however, these could be removed by washing with deionized water. Typical hysteresis curves were obtained for all specimens in magnetic field up to 14 T between 4 and 340 K. The saturation magnetization was 48.3 emu/g and 31.3 emu/g, 44.8 emu/g, and 28.4 emu/g for x = 1.0 and 0.8 at 4 K and 340 K, respectively. The saturation magnetization, M-s, of nanoparticles of the MgFe2O4 specimen is about 50% higher when compared to the bulk. The enhanced magnetization measured in our nanoparticles MgFe2O4 specimens may be attributed to the uncompensated magnetic moment of iron ions between the A- and B-sites, i.e., changes in the inversion factor. Our magnetization results of MgFe2O4 specimens are comparable to the existing data for the same compound but with different particle size and prepared by different synthesis methods. C1 [Franco, Adolfo, Jr.; Pereira Alves, Thiago Eduardo] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Fis, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Lima, Emilia Celma de Oliveira; Nunes, Eloisa da Silva] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Quim, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Zapf, Vivien] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Franco, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 131, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM franco@ucg.br RI Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Nunes, Eloiza/J-9568-2014; Franco Jr, Adolfo/L-3515-2014 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Nunes, Eloiza/0000-0001-7959-5972; Franco Jr, Adolfo/0000-0001-6428-6640 FU PROPE-UCG; FUNAPE-UFG, Brazil; NSF; DOE; State of Florida FX We are grateful to the financial supported provided by PROPE-UCG and FUNAPE-UFG, Brazil. Work at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory was supported by the NSF, the DOE, and the State of Florida. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00339-008-4684-y PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 372YH UT WOS:000260937700020 ER PT J AU Michelsen, H AF Michelsen, H. A. TI Derivation of a temperature-dependent accommodation coefficient for use in modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article DE 65; 80; +n; 78; 20; Nv; 42; 62; -b; 44; 05; +e ID MOLECULE-SURFACE INTERACTION; ROTATIONAL STATE POPULATIONS; EXCITED NO MOLECULES; LOW-FLUENCE LII; GRAPHITE SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMAL ACCOMMODATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ELEMENTARY PROCESSES AB This paper presents a derivation of an expression to estimate the accommodation coefficient for gas collisions with a graphite surface, which is meant for use in models of laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. Energy transfer between gas molecules and solid surfaces has been studied extensively, and a considerable amount is known about the physical mechanisms important in thermal accommodation. Values of accommodation coefficients currently used in LII models are temperature independent and are based on a small subset of information available in the literature. The expression derived in this study is based on published data from state-to-state gas-surface scattering experiments. The present study compiles data on the temperature dependence of translational, rotational, and vibrational energy transfer for diatomic molecules (predominantly NO) colliding with graphite surfaces. The data were used to infer partial accommodation coefficients for translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom, which were consolidated to derive an overall accommodation coefficient that accounts for accommodation of all degrees of freedom of the scattered gas distributions. This accommodation coefficient can be used to calculate conductive cooling rates following laser heating of soot particles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Michelsen, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. EM hamiche@sandia.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3278-x PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 378NQ UT WOS:000261328900011 ER PT J AU Plionis, AA Gonzales, ER Landsberger, S Peterson, DS AF Plionis, Alexander A. Gonzales, Edward R. Landsberger, Sheldon Peterson, Dominic S. TI Evaluation of flow scintillation analysis for the determination of Sr-90 in bioassay samples SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Strontium analysis; Bioassay; Flow scintillation analysis; Separation ID SEQUENTIAL INJECTION-ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR-WASTE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; RADIONUCLIDES; STRONTIUM; SR-89; RESIN AB An automated procedure for the determination of (90)Sr was adapted from existing methods of flow scintillation analysis (FSA) for use on aqueous samples with low levels of activity (< 1000 dpm per sample). This technique employs high-performance extraction chromatography (HPEC) and an on-line liquid scintillation counter to provide automated separation and subsequent detection of (90)Sr. The total analysis time is 30 min per sample. Dilute urine samples, spiked with (90)Sr, were also processed by this method to test the application of this technique for bioassay monitoring. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Plionis, Alexander A.; Gonzales, Edward R.; Peterson, Dominic S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Plionis, Alexander A.; Landsberger, Sheldon] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl & Radiat Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Peterson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mail Stop K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM DominicP@lanl.gov OI Peterson, Dominic/0000-0001-8244-565X FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Support of this work by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Robert Jones and Jennifer Hartel from the CDC for useful discussions and for supplying the urine base. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This publication is LAUR-08-0425. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.08.016 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 386CA UT WOS:000261858700004 PM 18930656 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Ambiguous and forbidden parameter combinations for aqueous plutonium SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Plutonium; Solutions; Predominance regions AB The concepts of forbidden and ambiguous oxidation-state distributions for plutonium are easier to understand when presented graphically. This note describes two diagrams that illustrate the phenomena. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PMT-5,POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.09.005 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 386CA UT WOS:000261858700020 PM 18986812 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Ruan, CM Wang, W AF Gu, Baohua Ruan, Chuanmin Wang, Wei TI Perchlorate Detection at Nanomolar Concentrations by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Detection limit; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; Sensor; Groundwater; Gold nanoparticles ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOIDS; ANIONS; ELECTRODES; FORENSICS; OXYGEN; WATER AB Perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) has emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant and has been detected in various food products and even in human breast milk and urine. This research developed a sensing technique based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid screening and monitoring of this contaminant in groundwater and surface water. The technique was found to he capable of detecting ClO(4)(-) at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M (or similar to 0.1 mu g/L) by using 2-dimethyl-aminoethanethiol (DMAE) modified gold nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. Quantitative analysis of ClO(4)(-) was validated with good reproducibility by using both simulated and contaminated groundwater samples. When coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer, this technique has the potential to be used as an in situ, rapid screening tool for perchlorate in the environment. C1 [Gu, Baohua; Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ruan, Chuanmin] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gubl@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 FU U.S. Department of Defense; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This research was supported in part by the Strategic Environment and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 63 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 395RZ UT WOS:000262542500015 PM 19146725 ER PT J AU Wisbey, D Wu, N Losovyj, Y Ketsman, I Caruso, AN Feng, DQ Belot, J Vescovo, E Dowben, PA AF Wisbey, David Wu, Ning Losovyj, Yaroslav Ketsman, Ihor Caruso, A. N. Feng, Danqin Belot, John Vescovo, Elio Dowben, Peter A. TI Radiation-induced decomposition of the metal-organic molecule Bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular magnets; Decomposition of organic compounds; Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORBED FERROCENE; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; ULTRAVIOLET; COPPER; IRRADIATION; DEPOSITION AB The effects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation on the adsorbed copper center molecule bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) (or Cu(CNdpm)(2)), (C(24)H(36)N(2)O(4)Cu, Cu(II)) was studied by photoemission spectroscopy. Changes in the ultraviolet photoemission spectra (UPS) of Cu(CNdpm)(2), adsorbed on Co(1 1 1), indicate that the ultraviolet radiation leads to decomposition of Cu(CNdpm)(2) and this decomposition is initially dominated by loss of peripheral hydrogen. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wisbey, David; Wu, Ning; Ketsman, Ihor; Feng, Danqin; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wisbey, David; Wu, Ning; Ketsman, Ihor; Feng, Danqin; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Losovyj, Yaroslav] J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Caruso, A. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Belot, John] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Belot, John] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Vescovo, Elio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, 116 Brace Lab,POB 880111, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Wu, Ning/F-4244-2012 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0415421, CHE-0650453]; Louisiana Board of Regents; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76CH00016] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant number CHE-0415421 and CHE-0650453. The Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD) is supported by the Louisiana Board of Regents. The NSLS is supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No:DE-AC02-76CH00016. We thank Neil M. Boag for synthesizing samples of Cu(CNdpm)2, the technical assistance of Camelia Borca and acknowledge a number of helpful discussions with Neil Boag. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 255 IS 6 BP 3576 EP 3580 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.09.097 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 387SO UT WOS:000261972100018 ER PT B AU Nakamura, M Meier, DL AF Nakamura, M. Meier, D. L. BE Hagiwara, Y Fomalont, E Tsuboi, M Murata, Y TI Unsolved Problems of AGN Jets in Sub Parsec Scale: Acceleration, Collimation, and Stability Properties SO APPROACHING MICRO-ARCSECOND RESOLUTION WITH VSOP-2: ASTROPHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Approaching Micro-Arcsecond Resolution with VSOP-2 CY DEC 03-07, 2007 CL Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Soc Promot Space Sci, Inoue Fdn Sci, Fdn Promot Astron HO Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; NONPOLYTROPIC ASTROPHYSICAL OUTFLOWS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DOUBLE HELIX; INSTABILITIES; WINDS AB What, can we expect in the VSOP-2 mission to reveal the sub parsec scale structures of AGN jets? Based on the MHD process of jet; formation and evolution, we discuss about unsolved problems of sub parsec AGN jets in terms of the acceleration, the collimation, and the stability properties. Several key features will be proved by the VSOP-2 observations; they play an important role in determining how the MHD process will work in the jet dynamics. C1 [Nakamura, M.] LANL, Astrophys Grp T6, Div Theoret, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Meier, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nakamura, M (reprint author), LANL, Astrophys Grp T6, Div Theoret, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NASA ATP; conference LOC FX This work is supported in part by NASA ATP grant. M. N. gratefully acknowledges the financial support by the conference LOC in attending the VSOP-2 Symposium. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-679-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 402 BP 357 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLE30 UT WOS:000270005100077 ER PT J AU Weinbauer, MG Bettarel, Y Cattaneo, R Luef, B Maier, C Motegi, C Peduzzi, P Mari, X AF Weinbauer, M. G. Bettarel, Y. Cattaneo, R. Luef, B. Maier, C. Motegi, C. Peduzzi, P. Mari, X. TI Viral ecology of organic and inorganic particles in aquatic systems: avenues for further research SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Viruses; Bacteria; Prokaryotes; Aggregates ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MARINE BACTERIAL ASSEMBLAGES; SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER; DISSOLVED AMINO-ACIDS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BLACK CARBON; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AB Viral abundance and processes in the water Column and sediments are well studied for some systems; however, we know relatively little about virus-host interactions on particles and how particles influence these interactions. Here we review virus-prokaryote interactions on inorganic and organic particles in the water column. Profiting from recent methodological progress, we show that confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with lectin and nucleic acid staining is one of the most powerful methods to visualize the distribution of viruses and their hosts on particles such as organic aggregates. Viral abundance on suspended matter ranges from 10(5) to 10(11) ml(-1). The main factors controlling viral abundance are the quality, size and age of aggregates and the exposure time of viruses to aggregates. Other factors such as water residence time likely act indirectly. Overall, aggregates appear to play a role of viral scavengers or reservoirs rather than viral factories. Adsorption of viruses to organic aggregates or inorganic particles can stimulate growth of the free-living prokaryotic community, e.g. by reducing viral lysis. Such mechanisms can affect microbial diversity, food web structure and biogeochemical cycles. Viral lysis of bacterio- and phytoplankton influences the formation and fate of aggregates and can, for example, result in a higher stability of algal flocs. Thus, viruses also influence carbon export; however, it is still not clear whether they short-circuit or prime the biological pump. Throughout this review, emphasis has been placed on defining general problems and knowledge gaps in virus-particle interactions and on providing avenues for further research, particularly those linked to global change. C1 [Weinbauer, M. G.; Cattaneo, R.; Maier, C.; Motegi, C.] Microbial Ecol & Biogeochem Grp, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Weinbauer, M. G.; Cattaneo, R.; Maier, C.; Motegi, C.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Weinbauer, M. G.] CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Bettarel, Y.] Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5119, ECOLAG, Inst Rech Dev, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Luef, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peduzzi, P.] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Freshwater Ecol, Vienna, Austria. [Mari, X.] Noumea Ctr, ECOLAG, IRD, UMR 5119, NC-98848 Noumea, New Caledonia. RP Weinbauer, MG (reprint author), Microbial Ecol & Biogeochem Grp, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM wein@obs-vlfr.fr RI Weinbauer, Markus/G-8038-2011 FU French Science Ministry [ANR 07 BDIV 015-06, ANR 07 BLAN 016]; Austrian Science Foundation [P14721, P17798] FX This research was financed by the projects ANR-AQUAPHAGE (no, ANR 07 BDIV 015-06; coordinator: M.G.W) and ANR-MAORY (no. ANR 07 BLAN 016; coordinator: X.M.) from the French Science Ministry and by grants from the Austrian Science Foundation (grant nos. P14721 and P17798 to P.P.). The help of T. Neu from the Urnweltforschungszentrum (Magdeburg, Germany) and C. Rouviere from the Observatoire d'Oceanographie de Ville-franche (Villefranche, France) with confocal laser scanning microscopy is appreciated. The very valuable comments of 2 anonymous reviewers helped to improve the paper; the help of J. Dolan for checking the English is appreciated. NR 177 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 53 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 321 EP 341 DI 10.3354/ame01363 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 535DT UT WOS:000272947700008 PM 27478304 ER PT S AU Misra, A Zhang, X Demkowicz, MJ Hoagland, RG Nastasi, M AF Misra, A. Zhang, X. Demkowicz, M. J. Hoagland, R. G. Nastasi, M. BE Brechet, YJM Embury, JD Onck, PR TI Design of Nano-Composites for Ultra-High Strengths and Radiation Damage Tolerance SO ARCHITECTURE MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architectured Multifunctional Materials held at the 2009 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc DE Irradiation damage; dislocations; multilayers; interfaces ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; CU/NB MULTILAYERS; IRRADIATION; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS; METALS AB The combination of high strength and high radiation damage tolerance in nanolaminate composites can be achieved when the individual layers in these composites are only a few nanometers thick and therefore these materials contain a large volume fraction associated with interfaces. These interfaces act both as obstacles to slip, as well as sinks for radiation-induced defects. The morphological and phase stabilities of these nano-composites under ion irradiation are explored as a function of layer thickness, temperature and interface structure. Using results on model systems such as Cu-Nb, we highlight the critical role of the atomic structure of the incoherent interfaces that exhibit multiple states with nearly degenerate energies in acting as sinks for radiation-induced point defects. Reduced radiation damage also leads to a reduction in the irradiation hardening, particularly at layer thickness of approximately 5 run and below. The strategies for design of radiation-tolerant structural materials based on the knowledge gained from this work will be discussed. C1 [Misra, A.; Hoagland, R. G.; Nastasi, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-161-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1188 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BMZ21 UT WOS:000273973000021 ER PT S AU Gebis, J Oliker, L Shalf, J Williams, S Yelick, K AF Gebis, Joseph Oliker, Leonid Shalf, John Williams, Samuel Yelick, Katherine BE Berekovic, M MullerSchloer, C Hochberger, C Wong, S TI Improving Memory Subsystem Performance Using ViVA: Virtual Vector Architecture SO ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS-ARCS 2009, 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2009 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Gesell Informat, Comput & Syst Architect, Informat Technol Soc HO Delft Univ Technol AB The disparity between microprocessor clock frequencies and memory latency is a primary reason why many demanding applications run well below peak achievable performance. Software controlled scratchpad memories, such as the Cell local store, attempt to ameliorate this discrepancy by enabling precise control over memory movement; however, scratchpad technology confronts the programmer and compiler with an unfamiliar and difficult programming model. In this work, we present the Virtual Vector Architecture (ViVA), which combines the memory semantics of vector computers with a software-controlled scratchpad memory in order to provide a more effective and practical approach to latency hiding. ViVA requires minimal changes to the core design and could thus be easily integrated with conventional processor cores. To validate our approach, we implemented ViVA on the Mambo cycle-accurate full system simulator, which was carefully calibrated to match the performance on our underlying PowerPC Apple G5 architecture. Results show that ViVA is able to deliver significant performance benefits over scalar techniques for a variety of memory access patterns as well as two important memory-bound compact kernels, corner turn and sparse matrix-vector multiplication - achieving 2x-13x improvement compared the scalar version. Overall, our preliminary ViVA exploration points to a promising approach for improving application performance on leading microprocessors with minimal design and complexity costs, in a power efficient manner. C1 [Gebis, Joseph; Oliker, Leonid; Shalf, John; Williams, Samuel; Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gebis, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGebis@lbl.gov; LOliker@lbl.gov; JShalf@lbl.gov; SWWilliams@lbl.gov; KAYelick@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-00453-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5455 BP 146 EP 158 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJD88 UT WOS:000265067400013 ER PT S AU Li, L Kenny, JP Wu, MS Huck, K Gaenko, A Gordon, MS Janssen, CL McInnes, LC Mori, H Netzloff, HM Norris, B Windus, TL AF Li, Li Kenny, Joseph P. Wu, Meng-Shiou Huck, Kevin Gaenko, Alexander Gordon, Mark S. Janssen, Curtis L. McInnes, Lois Curfman Mori, Hirotoshi Netzloff, Heather M. Norris, Boyana Windus, Theresa L. BE Mirandola, R Gorton, I Hofmeister, C TI Adaptive Application Composition in Quantum Chemistry SO ARCHITECTURES FOR ADAPTIVE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures CY JUN 24-26, 2009 CL E Stroudsburg, PA ID PERFORMANCE DATA; SOFTWARE; PARALLEL; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; COMPONENTS; SELECTION AB Component interfaces, as advanced by the Common Component Architecture (CCA), enable easy access to complex software packages for high-performance scientific computing. A recent focus has been incorporating support for computational quality of service (CQoS), or the automatic composition, substitution, and dynamic reconfiguration of component applications. Several leading quantum chemistry packages have achieved interoperability by adopting CCA components. Running these computations on diverse computing platforms requires selection among many algorithmic and hardware configuration parameters; typical educated guesses or trial and error can result in unexpectedly low performance. Motivated by the need for faster runtimes and increased productivity for chemists, we present a flexible CQoS approach for quantum chemistry that uses a generic CQoS database component to create a training database with timing results and metadata for a range of calculations. The database then interacts with a chemistry CQoS component and other infrastructure to facilitate adaptive application composition for new calculations. C1 [Li, Li; McInnes, Lois Curfman; Norris, Boyana] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kenny, Joseph P.; Janssen, Curtis L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Wu, Meng-Shiou; Gaenko, Alexander; Gordon, Mark S.; Netzloff, Heather M.; Windus, Theresa L.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Huck, Kevin] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR USA. [Mori, Hirotoshi] Ochanomizu Univ, Tokyo, Japan. RP Li, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Mori, Hirotoshi /0000-0002-7662-9636 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research via the Scientific Disc overy through Advanced Computing (SciDAC),Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-FG02-07ER25826] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research via the Scientific Disc overy through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) initiative [38], Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contracts DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC02-07CH11358, and DE-FG02-07ER25826. This work is a collaboration among the Quantum Chemistry Scientific Application Partnership (QCSAP) [5], the Center for Component Technology for Terascale Simulation Software [39], and the Performance Engineering Research Institute [40]. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02350-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5581 BP 194 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLJ70 UT WOS:000270318900013 ER PT S AU Berdahl, P Reade, RP Russo, RE AF Berdahl, Paul Reade, Ronald P. Russo, Richard E. BE Matias, V Huhne, R Moon, SH Hammond, R TI Formation of Biaxial Crystalline Texture by Oblique Ion Bombardment SO ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN THIN FILMS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Artificially Induced Grain Alignment in Thin Films held at the 2008 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; BEAM IRRADIATION; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; ALIGNMENT; GROWTH; TAPES; MGO AB The historical background for Ion TEXturing (ITEX) is briefly reviewed, including Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD). Also of interest is the orientation of metal films with high-energy ions and the formation of crystallites in SiO2 with low-energy neutral atom bombardment We also speculate about future ITEX processes, especially texturing of amorphous Ge, Si and C. The basic concept of ITEX is to obliquely bombard an amorphous material, to produce fully oriented crystallization at the surface. As a concrete example, ion texturing of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) can rapidly produce an out-of-plane (211) crystalline texture when oxygen-deficient amorphous YSZ is bombarded obliquely with Ar ions. The in-plane texture is (111) parallel, and (110) transverse, to the azimuth of the ion beam. Rapid two-dimensional Ostwald ripening accompanies production of the texture; crystallite diameter d exceeds 100 nm in 5 min. Theoretical arguments suggest that d is proportional to the time t as t(3/7) and the crystallite orientation angle distribution widths are proportional to t(-2/7). When the temperature is subsequently raised to 300 degrees C, the ion-induced surface texture grows down into the bulk of the film by epitaxial oxidation. C1 [Berdahl, Paul; Reade, Ronald P.; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berdahl, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-122-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1150 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BND14 UT WOS:000274190300007 ER PT S AU Findikoglu, AT Holesinger, TG Niemeyer, AC Matias, V Ugurlu, O AF Findikoglu, Alp T. Holesinger, Terry G. Niemeyer, Alyson C. Matias, Vladimir Ugurlu, Ozan BE Matias, V Huhne, R Moon, SH Hammond, R TI Aligned-Crystalline Si Films on Non-Single-Crystalline Substrates SO ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN THIN FILMS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Artificially Induced Grain Alignment in Thin Films held at the 2008 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; INPLANE TEXTURE CONTROL; SILICON FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE; GLASS; MGO; MOBILITY; GROWTH AB We summarize recent progress in growth and characterization of aligned-crystal line silicon (ACSi) films on polycrystalline metal and amorphous glass substrates. The ACSi deposition process uses, as a key technique, ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) texturing on a non-single-crystalline substrate to achieve a biaxially-oriented (i.e., with preferred out-of-plane and in-plane crystallographic orientations) IBAD seed layer, upon which homo- and hetero-epitaxial buffer layers and hetero-epitaxial silicon (i.e., ACSi) films with good electronic properties can be grown. We have demonstrated the versatility of our approach by preparing ACSi films on customized architectures, including fully insulating and transparent IBAD layer and buffer layers based on oxides on glass and flexible metal tape, and conducting and reflective IBAD layer and buffer layers based on nitrides on flexible metal tape. Optimized 0.4-mu m-thick ACSi films demonstrate out-of-plane and in-plane mosaic spreads of 0.8 degrees and 1.3 degrees, respectively, and a room-temperature Hall mobility of similar to 90 cm(2/)V/s (similar to 50% of what is achievable with epitaxial single-crystalline Si films, and similar to 1000 times that of amorphous Si films) for a p-type doping concentration of similar to 4x10(16) cm(-3). By using various experimental techniques, we have confirmed the underlying crystalline order and the superior electrical characteristics of low-angle (<5 degrees) grain boundaries in ACSi films. Forming gas anneal experiments indicate that Si films with low-angle grain boundaries do not need to be passivated to demonstrate improved majority carrier transport properties. Measurements on metal-insulator-semiconductor structures using ACSi films yield near-electronic-grade surface properties and low surface defect densities in the ACSi films. A prototype n+/p/p+-type diode fabricated using a 4.2-mu m-thick ACSi film shows minority carrier lifetime of similar to 3 mu s, an estimated diffusion length of similar to 30 mu m in the p-Si layer with a doping concentration of 5x10(16) cm(-3), and external quantum efficiency of similar to 80% at 450 nm with the addition of an MgO film anti-reflector. C1 [Findikoglu, Alp T.; Holesinger, Terry G.; Matias, Vladimir] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, MS T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-122-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1150 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BND14 UT WOS:000274190300008 ER PT S AU Matias, V Hoek, M Hanisch, J Findikoglu, AT AF Matias, Vladimir Hoek, Marcel Haenisch, Jens Findikoglu, Alp T. BE Matias, V Huhne, R Moon, SH Hammond, R TI Texture Evolution in Ion-Beam-Assist Deposited MgO SO ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN THIN FILMS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Artificially Induced Grain Alignment in Thin Films held at the 2008 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILMS AB We examine crystalline-texture evolution during ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of MgO thin films. Flexible metal tapes are used as substrates in a reel-to-reel tape deposition system. Continuously moving substrates allow for a linear combinatorial experimental method. IBAD growth is monitored in situ in real-time with reflection high energy electron diffraction. We have demonstrated that in-plane crystalline texture evolution in IBAD-MgO scales with deposition rate. At high ion currents an in-plane texture full-width half maximum (FWHM) of 10 degrees can be achieved in less than 1 second, and 6 degrees in 2.2 seconds. An x-ray texture analysis within a beam reference frame for the rocking curves is presented. We suggest that this reference frame is the natural one for I BAD texture evaluation and, furthermore, that the FWHM for these rocking curves are more easily extracted than those within the film reference frame. C1 [Matias, Vladimir; Hoek, Marcel; Haenisch, Jens; Findikoglu, Alp T.] LANL, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), LANL, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mail Stop T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011; OI Hoek, Marcel/0000-0003-3657-7824 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-122-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1150 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BND14 UT WOS:000274190300010 ER PT S AU Ma, BH Balachandran, U Koritala, RE Miller, DJ AF Ma, Beihai Balachandran, U. (Balu) Koritala, Rachel E. Miller, Dean J. BE Matias, V Huhne, R Moon, SH Hammond, R TI Inclined Substrate Deposition of Biaxially Textured Magnesium Oxide Films SO ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN THIN FILMS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Artificially Induced Grain Alignment in Thin Films held at the 2008 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE ISD; MgO; texture; thin film; superconductor; oxide buffer ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; MGO; TAPES AB Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has great potential for rapid production of high-quality textured template films. We have grown biaxially aligned magnesium oxide (MgO) films on metallic substrates by ISD at deposition rates, 20-100 angstrom/sec. Scanning electron microscopy of the ISD MgO films showed columnar grain structures with a roof-tile-shaped surface. X-ray diffraction and pole Figure analysis revealed that the c-axis of the ISD MgO is tilled at an angle with respect to the substrate normal. Roughly a film thickness of 0.5 mu m is required to obtain ISD MgO films with good biaxial texture. tri-plane alignment, tilt angle, and surface roughness are dependents of inclination angle. With a 0.5 mu m thick homoepitaxial coating over 1.5 mu m thick ISD MgO, we measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximate to 10 degrees for samples grown with inclination angle >30 degrees, Highly textured YBCO films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the ISD MgO template films grown on metal tapes. The orientations of YBCO films are dependent on buffer materials. "c-axis aligned" YBCO films were obtained using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and ceria (CeO2) buffer layers. "c-axis tilted" YBCO films were fabricated on ISD MgO template using SrRuO3 (SRO) and SrTiO3 (STO) buffer films. Critical current density J(c) approximate to 1.2 x 10(6) A/cm(2) and J(c) approximate to 1.6 x 10(6) A/cm(2) were measured at 77 K in self-field on c-axis oriented and c-axis tilted YBCO films, respectively. C1 [Ma, Beihai; Balachandran, U. (Balu)] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, BH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-122-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1150 BP 151 EP 166 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BND14 UT WOS:000274190300017 ER PT J AU Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Roth, Kurt Brodrick, James TI Seasonal Energy Storage SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Roth, Kurt] TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 392KQ UT WOS:000262302000021 ER PT S AU Sisk, DR Khaleel, MA Marquez, A Hatley, D Cader, T Schmidt, R AF Sisk, Daniel R. Khaleel, Mohammad A. Marquez, Andres Hatley, Darrel Cader, Tahir Schmidt, Roger GP ASHRAE TI Real-Time Data Center Energy Efficiency at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB With the issuing of the recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report to Congress (EPA, 2007), the issue of data center energy consumption is now a matter of intense industry focus. Key findings of the EPA report a re that most data centers do not know what their energy efficiency is, and an equal number do not even know how to go about measuring such energy efficiency. Knowledge of a data center's energy efficiency is now considered a competitive advantage by many world-class companies. With funding from the Department of Energy, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has established its Energy Smart Data Center Test Bed (ESDC-TB), which is housed in a mixed-use facility. In the latest phase of this effort, PNNL has undertaken a major effort to instrument its ESDC-TB TB, and the supporting facility, in order to quantify the energy efficiency of information technology (IT) equipment and infrastructure Under Test (ITUT), in real-time. In addition, PNNL has created a comprehensive software tool, FRED, to acquire, reduce, and display the power consumption of the various parts of the ESDC-TB and the supporting facility in real-time. FRED will soon have the capability to calculate and display the real-time energy efficiency of ITUT-the energy efficiency metric of choice is The Green Grid's Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE). This paper describes these capabilities in detail and also describes how to quantify the ITUT's share of the total power consumption for major subsystems such as its facility chiller plant. C1 [Sisk, Daniel R.; Marquez, Andres; Hatley, Darrel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sisk, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 242 EP 253 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG17 UT WOS:000272254800025 ER PT S AU Hong, TZ Sartor, D Mathew, P Yazdanian, M AF Hong, Tianzhen Sartor, Dale Mathew, Paul Yazdanian, Mehry GP ASHRAE TI Comparisons of HVAC Simulations Between EnergyPlus and DOE-2.2 for Data Centers SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB This paper compares HVAC simulations between EnergyPlus and DOE-2.2 for data centers. The HVAC systems studied in the paper are packaged direct expansion air-cooled single zone systems with and without air economizer. our climate zones are chosen for the study - San Francisco, Miami, Chicago, and Phoenix. EnergyPlus version 2.1 and DOE-2.2 version 45 are used in the annual energy simulations. The annual cooling electric consumption calculated by EnergyPlus and DOE-2.2 are reasonably matched within a range of -0.4% to 8.6%. The paper also discusses sources of differences between EnergyPlus and DOE-2.2 runs including cooling coil algorithm, performance curves, and important energy model inputs. C1 [Hong, Tianzhen; Sartor, Dale; Mathew, Paul; Yazdanian, Mehry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hong, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 373 EP 381 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG17 UT WOS:000272254800038 ER PT S AU Greenberg, S Khanna, A Tschudi, W AF Greenberg, Steve Khanna, Amit Tschudi, William GP ASHRAE TI High Performance Computing with High Efficiency SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY AB High Performance Scientific Computing typically involves many "clusters" of processors that are close connected. This results in high energy dissipation in tightly compacted areas creating high heat intensity. As these "machines" continue to evolve, cooling requirements become more challenging and the total electrical power requirements more resemble large industrial facilities than typical buildings. Compounding the complexity of the HVAC design is the fact that these computers may be designed for air or liquid cooling. A new computational facility under design for the University of California in Berkeley, CA is such a center that is being designed to accommodate either air or liquid cooling. This paper describes the unique design features of this center whose goals included both being a model of high performance computing and a showcase for energy efficiency The mild climate in Berkeley provides an ideal opportunity to minimize energy use through the use of free cooling but traditional data center approaches could not fully take advantage of the mild climate to save energy. A design that utilizes outside air for cooling for all but a few hundred hours per year is described. But in addition, there was a desire to provide for the eventual transition to liquid cooling in various possible configurations. This capability is also described. C1 [Greenberg, Steve; Tschudi, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Greenberg, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 179 EP 186 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200013 ER PT S AU Xu, P AF Xu, Peng GP ASHRAE TI Case Study of Demand Shifting with Thermal Mass in Two Large Commercial Buildings SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY SP ASHRAE AB The potential for utilizing building thermal mass for load shifting and peak demand reduction has been demonstrated in a number of simulation, laboratory, and field studies. This project studied the potential of pre-cooling and demand limiting in a heavy mass and a light mass building in the Bay Area of California. The conclusion of the work to date is that pre-cooling has the potential to improve the demand responsiveness of commercial buildings while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions. Results indicate that pre-cooling increases the depth (kW) and duration (kWh) of the shed capacity of a given building, all other factors being equal. Due to the time necessary for pre-cooling, it is only applicable to day-ahead demand response programs. Pre-cooling can be very effective if the building mass is relatively heavy. The effectiveness of night pre-cooling under hot weather conditions has not been tested. Further work is required to quantify and demonstrate the effectiveness of pre-cooling in different climates. Research is also needed to develop screening tools that can be used to select suitable buildings and customers, identify the most appropriate pre-cooling strategies, and estimate the benefits to the customer and the utility. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 586 EP 598 PN 2 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200054 ER PT S AU Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Klems, JH Clear, RD Konis, K Yazdanian, M Park, BC AF Lee, E. S. DiBartolomeo, D. L. Klems, J. H. Clear, R. D. Konis, K. Yazdanian, M. Park, B. C. GP ASHRAE TI Field Measurements of Innovative Indoor Shading Systems in a Full-Scale Office Testbed SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY ID ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS; PERFORMANCE; DAYLIGHT AB The development of spectrally selective low-e glass with its superior solar control and high daylight admission has led to widespread use of large-area, "transparent" or visually clear glass windows in commercial buildingfacades. This type of facade can provide significant inherent daylighting potential (ability to offset lighting energy use) and move us closer to the goal of achieving zero energy buildings, if not for the unmitigated glare that results from the unshaded glazing. Conventional shading systems result in a significant loss of daylight and view. Can innovative shading solutions successfully balance the tradeoffs between daylight, solar heat gains, discomfort glare, and view? To investigate this issue, a six-month solstice-to-solstice field study was conducted in a sunny climate to measure the thermal and daylighting performance of a south-facing, full-scale, office testbed with large-area windows and a variety of innovative indoor shading systems. Indoor shading systems included manually-operated and automated roller shades, Venetian blinds, daylight-redirecting blinds, and a static translucent diffusing panel placed inboard of the window glazing. These innovative systems were compared to a reference shade lowered to block direct sun. With continuous dimming controls, all shading systems yielded lighting energy savings between 43-69% compared to a non-dimming case, but only the automated systems were able to meet visual comfort criteria throughout the entire monitored period. Cooling loads due to solar and thermal loads from the window were increased by 2-10% while peak cooling loads were decreased by up to 14%. The results from this experiment illustrate that some indoor shading systems can preserve daylight potential while meeting comfort requirements. Trends will differ significantly depending on application. C1 [Lee, E. S.; DiBartolomeo, D. L.; Klems, J. H.; Clear, R. D.; Konis, K.; Yazdanian, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 706 EP 728 PN 2 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200063 ER PT S AU Sherman, M AF Sherman, Max GP ASHRAE TI Infiltration in ASHRAE's Residential Ventilation Standards SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY SP ASHRAE ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY AB The purpose of ventilation is to dilute or remove indoor contaminants that an occupant could be exposed to. It can be provided by mechanical or natural means. ASHRAE Standards including standards 62, 119, and 136 have all considered the contribution of infiltration in various ways, using methods and data from 20 years ago. The vast majority of homes in the United States and indeed the world are ventilated through natural means such as infiltration caused by air leakage. Newer homes in the western world are tight and require mechanical ventilation. As we seek to provide acceptable indoor air quality at minimum energy cost, it is important to neither over-ventilate nor under-ventilate. Thus, it becomes critically important to correctly evaluate the contribution infiltration makes to both energy consumption and equivalent ventilation. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 specifies how much mechanical ventilation is considered necessary to provide acceptable indoor air quality, but that standard is weak on how infiltration can contribute towards meeting the total requirement. In the past ASHRAE Standard 136 was used to do this, but new theoretical approaches and expanded weather data have made that standard out of date. This article will describe how to properly treat infiltration as an equivalent ventilation approach and then use new data and these new approaches to demonstrate how these calculations might be done both in general and to update Standard 136. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sherman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 887 EP 896 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200077 ER PT S AU Deru, M Zhivov, A Herron, D Fisher, D Smith, V AF Deru, Michael Zhivov, Alexander Herron, Dale Fisher, Donald Smith, Vernon GP ASHRAE TI Improving Energy Performance of Army Dining Facilities SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY AB The Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires that federal facilities be built to achieve at least 30% energy savings over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004. The Construction Engineering Research Laboratory of the US. Army Corps of Engineers, in collaboration with USACE HQ and centers of standardization for respective building types, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the ASHRAE MTG have developed design guides to achieve 30% energy savings over a baseline. This baseline was built to the minimum requirements of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 for new buildings to be constructed under the Military Transformation Program. The building types include barracks, administrative buildings, a maintenance facility, a dining facility, a child development center, and an Army reserve center This paper presents the results of the energy analysis for Dining facilities. It provides a definition of the baseline building and the modeling assumptions. EnergyPlus version 2.1 was used to determine baseline and target energy budgets for all 15 DOE climate zones. Finally, a recommended set of energy-efficient solutions for each climate zone is presented that enable at least 30% energy savings over the baseline. Results of this study were implemented through the Army's standard bid-build process in late 2008 by incorporation in request for proposal target energy budgets by climate zone and sets of technologies to meet these budgets. C1 [Deru, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deru, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 1013 EP 1031 PN 2 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200087 ER PT B AU Wright, SA Pickard, PS Fuller, R Radel, RF Vernon, ME AF Wright, Steven A. Pickard, Paul S. Fuller, Robert Radel, Ross F. Vernon, Milton E. GP ASME TI SUPERCRITICAL CO(2) BRAYTON CYCLE POWER GENERATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND INITIAL TEST RESULTS SO ASME POWER CONFERENCE 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2009 CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Albuquerque, NM SP ASME, Power Div AB The DOE Office of Nuclear Energy and Sandia National Labs are investigating supercritical CO(2) Brayton cycles as a potentially more efficient and compact power conversion system for advanced nuclear reactors, and other heat sources including solar, geothermal, and fossil or bio fuel systems. The focus of this work is on the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle which has the potential for both high efficiency, in temperature range (400-750 C), and for reduced capital costs due to very compact turbomachinery(1). The cycle achieves high efficiency due to the non-ideal behavior of supercritical CO2, and it achieves extremely high power density because the fluid in the turbomachinery is very dense, 10%-60% the density of water. C1 [Wright, Steven A.; Pickard, Paul S.; Radel, Ross F.; Vernon, Milton E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4350-5 PY 2009 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1115/POWER2009-81081 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL30 UT WOS:000283008700070 ER PT B AU Griffin, PJ AF Griffin, P. J. BE Marshall, M Oxley, JC TI NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES SO ASPECTS OF EXPLOSIVES DETECTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRONS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-092314-7 PY 2009 BP 59 EP 87 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374533-0.00005-2 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BFC15 UT WOS:000319156300006 ER PT J AU Salmon, S Swank, M Ram, GDJ Stucker, BE Palmer, JA AF Salmon, S. Swank, M. Ram, G. D. Janaki Stucker, B. E. Palmer, J. A. TI Effectiveness of epoxy staking of fasteners in aerospace applications SO ASSEMBLY AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE Fasteners; Thermal testing; Vibration measurement; Aerospace engineering ID BOLTED JOINTS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of locking or staking of fasteners with epoxy material systems to prevent loss of preload in aerospace environments. Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative experimental method is adopted to evaluate epoxy material systems for staking of fastener assemblies subjected to varying dynamic and thermal loads. A statistical design of experiments is employed to probe specific design parameters. Findings - Results show that epoxy application can provide satisfactory fastener locking under a variety of service conditions. it is found that: Epon 828 epoxy provides superior fastener locking compared to 3M Scotch-Weld Epoxy 2216; epoxy application around screw threads is more effective than application around screw head; and abrading the plate surfaces with 180 grit SiC paper is not an effective or useful surface preparation technique. Research limitations/implications - The paper is limited to two commercial epoxy material systems and does not consider important qualitative considerations for industrial use such as cure time and viscosity. Practical implications - This and future paper may form the basis of new standards for epoxy staking in the global aerospace industry. Originality/value - This paper is believed to be one of the very few original experimental studies of fastener staking available in the open literature. C1 [Ram, G. D. Janaki] Indian Inst Technol Madras, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Salmon, S.; Swank, M.; Stucker, B. E.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Palmer, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ram, GDJ (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol Madras, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. EM gdjram@gmail.com NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-5154 J9 ASSEMBLY AUTOM JI Assem. Autom. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1108/01445150910987754 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 515OD UT WOS:000271480800007 ER PT B AU Gower, M Mohr, JJ Adams, D Cai, YD Daues, GE Darnell, T Ngeow, CC Desai, S Beldica, C Freemon, M Lin, HA Neilsen, EH Tucker, D Bertin, E Nicolaci da Costa, LA Martelli, L Ogando, RLC Jarvis, M Sheldon, E AF Gower, Michelle Mohr, Joseph J. Adams, Darren Cai, Y. Dora Daues, Gregory E. Darnell, Tony Ngeow, Chow-Choong Desai, Shantanu Beldica, Cristina Freemon, Mike Lin, Huan Neilsen, Eric H. Tucker, Douglas Bertin, Emmanuel Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz A. Martelli, Leandro Ogando, Ricardo L. C. Jarvis, Michael Sheldon, Erin BE Bohlender, DA Durand, D Dowler, P TI The Dark Energy Survey Data-Management System: The Processing Framework SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVIII SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY NOV 02-05, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Natl Res Council Canada, Univ Montreal, Univ Laval AB The Dark Energy Survey Data Management (DESDM) system will process and archive the data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) over the five year period of operation. This paper focuses on a new adaptable processing framework developed to perform highly-automated, high-performance data parallel processing. The new processing framework has been used to process 45 nights of simulated DECam supernova imaging data, and was extensively used in the DES Data Challenge 4, where it was used to process thousands of square degrees of simulated DES data. C1 [Gower, Michelle; Mohr, Joseph J.; Adams, Darren; Cai, Y. Dora; Daues, Gregory E.; Darnell, Tony; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Desai, Shantanu; Beldica, Cristina; Freemon, Mike] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lin, Huan; Neilsen, Eric H.; Tucker, Douglas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Bertin, Emmanuel] Inst Astrophys, Paris, France. [Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz A.; Martelli, Leandro; Ogando, Ricardo L. C.] Observat Nacl, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jarvis, Michael] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Sheldon, Erin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Gower, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mgower@ncsa.uiuc.edu; dadams@ncsa.uiuc.edu; tdarnell@uiuc.edu RI Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/I-1326-2013 OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/0000-0002-7731-277X FU NSF [AST 07-15036, AST 08-13534]; NCSA; Astronomy; LAS College FX The DESDM team acknowledges continuing support from NSF AST 07-15036 and NSF AST 08-13534 as well as significant seed funding provided by theNCSA, Astronomy, LAS College, and the Vice Chancellor for Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-702-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 411 BP 14 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ95 UT WOS:000281196100003 ER PT B AU Darnell, T Bertin, E Gower, M Ngeow, C Desai, S Mohr, JJ Adams, D Cai, YD Daues, GE Beldica, C Freemon, M Lin, HA Neilsen, EH Tucker, D Nicolaci da Costa, LA Martelli, L Ogando, RLC Jarvis, M Sheldon, E AF Darnell, Tony Bertin, Emmanuel Gower, Michelle Ngeow, Choong Desai, Shantanu Mohr, Joseph J. Adams, Darren Cai, Y. Dora Daues, Gregory E. Beldica, Cristina Freemon, Mike Lin, Huan Neilsen, Eric H. Tucker, Douglas Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz A. Martelli, Leandro Ogando, Ricardo L. C. Jarvis, Michael Sheldon, Erin BE Bohlender, DA Durand, D Dowler, P TI The Dark Energy Survey Data Management System: The Coaddition Pipeline and PSF Homogenization SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVIII SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY NOV 02-05, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Natl Res Council Canada, Univ Montreal, Univ Laval AB We introduce an experimental method of reducing PSF variation effects within coadded images by bringing all images to a common PSF both within an image and from image to image within a coadd tile. This is accomplished by applying position-dependent smoothing kernels determined using power spectrum weighting functions that adjust the relative contributions of large scale and small-scale power within an image in such a way as to bring the PSFs into agreement. This approach has been applied successfully in image differencing algorithms, and we plan to apply it within our coaddition framework. We also present a summary of our coaddition pipeline. C1 [Darnell, Tony; Gower, Michelle; Ngeow, Choong; Desai, Shantanu; Mohr, Joseph J.; Adams, Darren; Cai, Y. Dora; Daues, Gregory E.; Beldica, Cristina; Freemon, Mike] Univ Illinois, 1002 W Green,MC221, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bertin, Emmanuel] Inst Astron, Paris, France. [Lin, Huan; Neilsen, Eric H.; Tucker, Douglas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Nicolaci da Costa, Luiz A.; Martelli, Leandro; Ogando, Ricardo L. C.] Observat Nacl Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jarvis, Michael] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sheldon, Erin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Darnell, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 1002 W Green,MC221, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tdarnell@uiuc.edu; mgower@ncsa.uiuc.edu; dadams@ncsa.uiuc.edu RI Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/I-1326-2013 OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; da Costa, Luiz Alberto/0000-0002-7731-277X NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-702-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 411 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ95 UT WOS:000281196100004 ER PT J AU Gregg, MD Drinkwater, MJ Evstigneeva, E Jurek, R Karick, AM Phillipps, S Bridges, T Jones, JB Bekki, K Couch, WJ AF Gregg, Michael D. Drinkwater, Michael J. Evstigneeva, Ekaterina Jurek, Russell Karick, Arna M. Phillipps, Steven Bridges, Terry Jones, J. Bryn Bekki, Kenji Couch, Warrick J. TI A LARGE POPULATION OF ULTRA-COMPACT DWARFS AND BRIGHT INTRACLUSTER GLOBULARS IN THE FORNAX CLUSTER SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: dwarf; globular clusters: general ID VIRGO-CLUSTER; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS; COMA CLUSTER; LARGE-SCALE; SPECTROSCOPY; OBJECTS; ORIGIN AB All the previously cataloged ultracompact dwarf (UCD) galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters have 17.5 < b(J) < 20. Using the 2dF spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope, we have carried out a search for fainter UCDs in the Fornax Cluster. In the magnitude interval 19.5 < b(J) < 21.5, we have found 54 additional compact cluster members within a projected radius of 0 degrees.9 (320 kpc) of the cluster center, all of which meet our selection and observational criteria to be UCDs. These newly identified objects, however, overlap in luminosity and spatial distribution with objects classified as globular clusters (GCs) belonging to the central cluster galaxy NGC 1399; in fact, about half of the objects in our sample are included in recent catalogs of NGC 1399/Fornax GCs. The numbers, luminosity function, and spatial distributions of our compact object sample are consistent with being the bright tail of the Fornax cluster-wide GC population. Yet, our present larger sample of intergalactic compact objects forms a dynamically distinct population from both the NGC1399 GCs and the nucleated dwarf ellipticals in Fornax. This supports the interpretation that the UCDs, which populate the bright tail of the GC luminosity function, are, in some respects, a separate class of objects, at least to the extent that they have experienced a distinct dynamical history and origin, which differs from the bulk of the NGC1399 GCs. Correcting for our spectroscopic incompleteness, we estimate that there are similar to 105 +/- 13 of these brighter compact cluster objects down to b(J) < 21.5 in the central region of the Fornax, and hence these UCDs/globulars outnumber other galaxy types in this space. The differences in their dynamics and distribution compared to dwarf ellipticals (dEs) may be consistent with a threshing or tidal destruction origin, if they have come from a subpopulation of dE galaxies on initial orbits that rendered them susceptible to such processes. C1 [Gregg, Michael D.; Karick, Arna M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gregg, Michael D.; Karick, Arna M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Drinkwater, Michael J.; Evstigneeva, Ekaterina; Jurek, Russell] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4023, Australia. [Phillipps, Steven] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Bridges, Terry] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Jones, J. Bryn] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. [Bekki, Kenji] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Couch, Warrick J.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Gregg, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; mjd@physics.uq.edu.au; katya@physics.uq.edu.au; jurek@physics.uq.edu.au; akarick@igpp.ucllnl.org; S.Phillipps@bristol.ac.uk; tjb@astro.queensu.ca; bryn.jones@qmul.ac.uk; bekki@bat.phys.unsw.edu.au; wcouch@astro.swin.edu.au RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; Bekki, Kenji/H-8821-2014; OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; Jones, Bryn/0000-0002-4679-5625; Phillipps, Steven/0000-0001-5991-3486 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/137/1/498 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393AJ UT WOS:000262343000041 ER PT J AU Gilli, R Zamorani, G Miyaji, T Silverman, J Brusa, M Mainieri, V Cappelluti, N Daddi, E Porciani, C Pozzetti, L Civano, F Comastri, A Finoguenov, A Fiore, F Salvato, M Vignali, C Hasinger, G Lilly, S Impey, C Trump, J Capak, P McCracken, H Scoville, N Taniguchi, Y Carollo, CM Contini, T Kneib, JP Le Fevre, O Renzini, A Scodeggio, M Bardelli, S Bolzonella, M Bongiorno, A Caputi, K Cimatti, A Coppa, G Cucciati, O de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Garilli, B Iovino, A Kampczyk, P Knobel, C Kovac, K Lamareille, F Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Maier, C Mignoli, M Pello, R Peng, Y Montero, EP Ricciardelli, E Tanaka, M Tasca, L Tresse, L Vergani, D Zucca, E Abbas, U Bottini, D Cappi, A Cassata, P Fumana, M Guzzo, L Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C Memeo, P Meneux, B Oesch, P Scaramella, R Walcher, J AF Gilli, R. Zamorani, G. Miyaji, T. Silverman, J. Brusa, M. Mainieri, V. Cappelluti, N. Daddi, E. Porciani, C. Pozzetti, L. Civano, F. Comastri, A. Finoguenov, A. Fiore, F. Salvato, M. Vignali, C. Hasinger, G. Lilly, S. Impey, C. Trump, J. Capak, P. McCracken, H. Scoville, N. Taniguchi, Y. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Kneib, J. -P. Le Fevre, O. Renzini, A. Scodeggio, M. Bardelli, S. Bolzonella, M. Bongiorno, A. Caputi, K. Cimatti, A. Coppa, G. Cucciati, O. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Garilli, B. Iovino, A. Kampczyk, P. Knobel, C. Kovac, K. Lamareille, F. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Maier, C. Mignoli, M. Pello, R. Peng, Y. Montero, E. Perez Ricciardelli, E. Tanaka, M. Tasca, L. Tresse, L. Vergani, D. Zucca, E. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Cappi, A. Cassata, P. Fumana, M. Guzzo, L. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Oesch, P. Scaramella, R. Walcher, J. TI The spatial clustering of X-ray selected AGN in the XMM-COSMOS field SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies: active; cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe; cosmology: observations; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ANGULAR-CORRELATION AB We study the spatial clustering of 538 X-ray selected AGN in the 2 deg(2) XMM-COSMOS field that are spectroscopically identified with I(AB) < 23 and span the redshift range z = 0.2-3.0. The median redshift and X-ray luminosity of the sample are z = 0.98 and L(0.5-10) = 6.3 x 10(43) erg s(-1), respectively. A strong clustering signal is detected at similar to 18 sigma level, which is the most significant measurement obtained to date for clustering of X-ray selected AGN. By fitting the projected correlation function w(r(p)) with a power law on scales of r(p) = 0.3-40 h(-1) Mpc, we derive a best-fit comoving correlation length of r(0) = 8.6 +/- 0.5 h(-1) Mpc and slope of. = 1.88 +/- 0.07 (Poissonian errors; bootstrap errors are about a factor of 2 larger). An excess signal is observed in the range r(p) similar to 5-15 h(-1) Mpc, which is due to a large-scale structure at z similar to 0.36 containing about 40 AGN, a feature which is evident over many wavelengths in the COSMOS field. When removing the z similar to 0.36 structure or computing w(r(p)) in a narrower range around the peak of the redshift distribution (e. g. z = 0.4-1.6), the correlation length decreases to r(0) similar to 5-6 h(-1) Mpc, which is consistent with what is observed for bright optical QSOs at the same redshift. We investigate the clustering properties of obscured and unobscured AGN separately, adopting different definitions for the source obscuration. For the first time, we are able to provide a significant measurement for the spatial clustering of obscured AGN at z similar to 1. Within the statistical uncertainties, we do not find evidence that AGN with broad optical lines (BLAGN) cluster differently from AGN without broad optical lines (non-BLAGN). Based on these results, which are limited by object statistics, however, obscured and unobscured AGN are consistent with inhabiting similar environments. The evolution of AGN clustering with redshift is also investigated. No significant difference is found between the clustering properties of XMM-COSMOS AGN at redshifts below or above z = 1. The correlation length measured for XMM-COSMOS AGN at z similar to 1 is similar to that of massive galaxies (stellar mass M(*) greater than or similar to 3 x 10(10) M(circle dot)) at the same redshift. This suggests that AGN at z similar to 1 are preferentially hosted by massive galaxies, as observed both in the local and in the distant (z similar to 2) Universe. According to a simple clustering evolution scenario, we find that the relics of AGN are expected to have a correlation length as large as r(0) similar to 8 h(-1) Mpc by z = 0, and hence to be hosted by local bright (L similar to L(*)) ellipticals. We make use of dark matter halo catalogs from the Millennium simulation to determine the typical halo hosting moderately luminous z similar to 1 AGN. We find that XMM-COSMOS AGN live in halos with masses M greater than or similar to 2.5 x 10(12) M(circle dot) h(-1). By combining the number density of XMM-COSMOS AGN to that of the hosting dark matter halos we estimate the AGN duty cycle and lifetimes. We find lifetimes approximately of 1 Gyr for AGN at z similar to 1, which are longer than those estimated for optically bright QSOs at the same redshift. These longer lifetimes mainly reflect the higher number density of AGN selected by X-ray samples. C1 [Gilli, R.; Zamorani, G.; Pozzetti, L.; Comastri, A.; Bardelli, S.; Bolzonella, M.; Mignoli, M.; Vergani, D.; Zucca, E.; Cappi, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Miyaji, T.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Silverman, J.; Porciani, C.; Lilly, S.; Carollo, C. M.; Kampczyk, P.; Knobel, C.; Kovac, K.; Peng, Y.; Oesch, P.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol ETH Honggerberg, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Brusa, M.; Cappelluti, N.; Finoguenov, A.; Hasinger, G.; Bongiorno, A.; Meneux, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Mainieri, V.; Tanaka, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Daddi, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM, Lab AIM,DAPNIA SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Civano, F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fiore, F.; Scaramella, R.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Salvato, M.; Capak, P.; Scoville, N.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vignali, C.; Cimatti, A.; Coppa, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Impey, C.; Trump, J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCracken, H.; Walcher, J.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Contini, T.; Lamareille, F.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Pello, R.; Montero, E. Perez] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; de la Torre, S.; Le Brun, V.; Tasca, L.; Tresse, L.; Abbas, U.; Cassata, P.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Astrophys Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. [Renzini, A.; Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Scodeggio, M.; Franzetti, P.; Garilli, B.; Bottini, D.; Fumana, M.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cucciati, O.; Iovino, A.; Guzzo, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marinoni, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6207, Ctr Phys Theor, F-13288 Marseille, France. RP Gilli, R (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM roberto.gilli@oabo.inaf.it RI Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015 OI Perez Montero, E/0000-0003-3985-4882; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Maier, Christian/0000-0001-6405-2182; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Fumana, Marco/0000-0001-6787-5950; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Franzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-6986-0127; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607 FU ESA Member States; USA (NASA); ASI-INAF; PRIN/MIUR [I/023/05/00, 200602-5203]; zCOSMOS ESO [175] FX This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA). We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the entire COSMOS collaboration (http://www.astro.caltech.edu/similar to cosmos). In Italy, the XMM-COSMOS projects is supported by ASI-INAF and PRIN/MIUR under grants I/023/05/00 and 200602-5203. The zCOSMOS ESO Large Program Number 175. A-0839 is acknowledged. R. G. thanks Carlo Nipoti, Federico Marulli, Enzo Branchini, and Lauro Moscardini for stimulating discussions. The referee is acknowledged for providing useful comments. The Millennium Simulation databases used in this paper and the web application providing online access to them were constructed as part of the activities of the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory. NR 115 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 494 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810821 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 402VC UT WOS:000263040200004 ER PT J AU Moretti, A Pagani, C Cusumano, G Campana, S Perri, M Abbey, A Ajello, M Beardmore, AP Burrows, D Chincarini, G Godet, O Guidorzi, C Hill, JE Kennea, J Nousek, J Osborne, JP Tagliaferri, G AF Moretti, A. Pagani, C. Cusumano, G. Campana, S. Perri, M. Abbey, A. Ajello, M. Beardmore, A. P. Burrows, D. Chincarini, G. Godet, O. Guidorzi, C. Hill, J. E. Kennea, J. Nousek, J. Osborne, J. P. Tagliaferri, G. TI A new measurement of the cosmic X-ray background SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays: diffuse background; surveys; instrumentation: miscellaneous ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DEEP FIELDS; SWIFT BAT; SPECTRUM; CHANDRA; FLUCTUATION; POPULATION; TELESCOPE AB Aims. We present a new measurement of the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) in the 1.5-7 keV energy band, performed by exploiting the Swift X-ray telescope (XRT) data archive. We also present a CXRB spectral model in a wider energy band (1.5-200 keV), obtained by combining these data with the recently published Swift-BAT measurement. Methods. From the XRT archive we collect a complete sample of 126 high Galactic latitude gamma-ray burst (GRB) follow-up observations. This provides a total exposure of 7.5 Ms and a sky-coverage of similar to 7 square degrees which represents a serendipitous survey, well suited for a direct measurement of the CXRB in the 1.5-10 keV interval. Our work is based on a complete characterization of the instrumental background and an accurate measurement of the stray-light contamination and vignetting calibration. Results. We find that the CXRB spectrum in the 1.5-7 keV energy band can be equally well fitted by a single power-law with photon index Gamma = 1.47 +/- 0.07 or a single power-law with photon index Gamma = 1.41 +/- 0.06 and an exponential roll-off at 41 keV. The measured flux in the 2-10 keV energy band is 2.18 +/- 0.13 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) in the 2-10 keV band. Combining Swift-XRT with Swift-BAT (15-200 keV) we find that, in the 1.5-200 keV band, the CXRB spectrum can be well described by two smoothly-joined power laws with the energy break at 29.0 +/- 0.5 keV corresponding to a nu F(nu) peak located at 22.4 +/- 0.4 keV. Conclusions. Taking advantage of both the Swift high energy instruments (XRT and BAT), we produce an analytical description of the CXRB spectrum over a wide (1.5-200 keV) energy band. This model is marginally consistent with the HEAO1 measurement (similar to 10% higher) at energies higher than 20 keV, while it is significantly (30%) higher at low energies (2-10 keV). C1 [Moretti, A.; Campana, S.; Chincarini, G.; Guidorzi, C.; Tagliaferri, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, IT-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Pagani, C.; Burrows, D.; Kennea, J.; Nousek, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cusumano, G.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Perri, M.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Abbey, A.; Godet, O.; Osborne, J. P.] Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Ajello, M.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ajello, M.] KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chincarini, G.; Guidorzi, C.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Hill, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hill, J. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Moretti, A (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via E Bianchi 46, IT-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. EM alberto.moretti@brera.inaf.it OI Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 FU ASI [I/011/07/0]; NASA [NAS5-00136]; STFC FX This work is supported at OAB-INAF by ASI grant I/011/07/0, at PSU by NASA contract NAS5-00136. A.A., A.B., O.G. and J.O. acknowledge STFC funding. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Service. NR 54 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 493 IS 2 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200811197 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 396OP UT WOS:000262601300018 ER PT J AU Ashdown, MAJ Baccigalupi, C Bartlett, JG Borrill, J Cantalupo, C de Gasperis, G de Troia, G Gorski, KM Hivon, E Huffenberger, K Keihanen, E Keskitalo, R Kisner, T Kurki-Suonio, H Lawrence, CR Natoli, P Poutanen, T Prezeau, G Reinecke, M Rocha, G Sandri, M Stompor, R Villa, F Wandelt, B AF Ashdown, M. A. J. Baccigalupi, C. Bartlett, J. G. Borrill, J. Cantalupo, C. de Gasperis, G. de Troia, G. Gorski, K. M. Hivon, E. Huffenberger, K. Keihanen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lawrence, C. R. Natoli, P. Poutanen, T. Prezeau, G. Reinecke, M. Rocha, G. Sandri, M. Stompor, R. Villa, F. Wandelt, B. CA Planck CTP Working Grp TI Making maps from Planck LFI 30 GHz data with asymmetric beams and cooler noise SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: cosmic microwave background; methods: data analysis; cosmology: observations ID BACKGROUND POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; CMB EXPERIMENTS; SCANNING STRATEGY; MAKING ALGORITHM; 1/F NOISE; DESTRIPING TECHNIQUE; POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE; ERRORS; SKY AB The Planck satellite will observe the full sky at nine frequencies from 30 to 857 GHz. Temperature and polarization frequency maps made from these observations are prime deliverables of the Planck mission. The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of four realistic instrument systematics in the 30 GHz frequency maps: non-axially-symmetric beams, sample integration, sorption cooler noise, and pointing errors. We simulated one-year long observations of four 30 GHz detectors. The simulated timestreams contained cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal, foreground components ( both galactic and extra-galactic), instrument noise ( correlated and white), and the four instrument systematic effects. We made maps from the timelines and examined the magnitudes of the systematics effects in the maps and their angular power spectra. We also compared the maps of different mapmaking codes to see how they performed. We used five mapmaking codes ( two destripers and three optimal codes). None of our mapmaking codes makes any attempt to deconvolve the beam from its output map. Therefore all our maps had similar smoothing due to beams and sample integration. This is a complicated smoothing, because each map pixel has its own effective beam. Temperature to polarization cross-coupling due to beam mismatch causes a detectable bias in the TE spectrum of the CMB map. The effects of cooler noise and pointing errors did not appear to be major concerns for the 30 GHz channel. The only essential difference found so far between mapmaking codes that affects accuracy ( in terms of residual root-mean-square) is baseline length. All optimal codes give essentially indistinguishable results. A destriper gives the same result as the optimal codes when the baseline is set short enough ( Madam). For longer baselines destripers (Springtide and Madam) require less computing resources but deliver a noisier map. C1 [Ashdown, M. A. J.] Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Ashdown, M. A. J.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Baccigalupi, C.] SISSA ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Baccigalupi, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bartlett, J. G.; Stompor, R.] Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Bartlett, J. G.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA, CNRS, Observ Paris,UMR 7164, Paris, France. [Borrill, J.; Cantalupo, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borrill, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Gasperis, G.; de Troia, G.; Natoli, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gorski, K. M.; Huffenberger, K.; Lawrence, C. R.; Prezeau, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Hivon, E.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Keihanen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Poutanen, T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Keskitalo, R.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Poutanen, T.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Natoli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Poutanen, T.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Metsahovi Radioobserv, Kylmala 02540, Finland. [Reinecke, M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sandri, M.; Villa, F.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Wandelt, B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wandelt, B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ashdown, MAJ (reprint author), Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM torsti.poutanen@helsinki.fi RI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; OI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Sandri, Maura/0000-0003-4806-5375; WANDELT, Benjamin/0000-0002-5854-8269; Villa, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1798-861X; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 493 IS 2 BP 753 EP 783 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810381 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 396OP UT WOS:000262601300046 ER PT J AU Lidz, A Zahn, O Furlanetto, SR McQuinn, M Hernquist, L Zaldarriaga, M AF Lidz, Adam Zahn, Oliver Furlanetto, Steven R. McQuinn, Matthew Hernquist, Lars Zaldarriaga, Matias TI PROBING REIONIZATION WITH THE 21 CM GALAXY CROSS-POWER SPECTRUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; LOW-MASS GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; HII-REGIONS; HYDROGEN REIONIZATION; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; COSMIC REIONIZATION; STAR-FORMATION; BUBBLE-GROWTH; EPOCH AB The cross-correlation between high-redshift galaxies and 21 cm emission from the high-redshift intergalactic medium promises to be an excellent probe of the Epoch of Reionization. On large scales, the 21 cm and galaxy fields are anticorrelated during most of the reionization epoch. However, on scales smaller than the size of the H II regions around detectable galaxies, the two fields become roughly uncorrelated. Consequently, the 21 cm galaxy cross-power spectrum provides a tracer of bubble growth during reionization, with the signal turning over on progressively larger scales as reionization proceeds. The precise turnover scale depends on the minimum host mass of the detectable galaxies, and the galaxy selection technique. Measuring the turnover scale as a function of galaxy luminosity constrains the characteristic bubble size around galaxies of different luminosities. The cross-spectrum becomes positive on small scales if ionizing photons fail to escape from low-mass galaxies, and these galaxies are detectable longward of the hydrogen ionization edge, because in this case some identifiable galaxies lie outside the ionized regions. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and Low Frequency Array can potentially measure the 21 cm galaxy cross-spectrum in conjunction with mild extensions to the existing Subaru survey for z = 6.6 Ly alpha emitters. A futuristic galaxy survey covering a sizable fraction of the MWA field of view (similar to 800 deg(2)) can probe the scale dependence of the cross-spectrum, constraining the filling factor of H II regions at different redshifts during reionization, and providing other valuable constraints on reionization models. C1 [Lidz, Adam; McQuinn, Matthew; Hernquist, Lars; Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Furlanetto, Steven R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lidz, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alidz@cfa.harvard.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics (BCCP) Fellowship [AST-0506556, NNG05GJ40G] FX We thank Mark Dijkstra and Miguel Morales for helpful discussions. We thank Suvendra Dutta for useful conversations and for his collaboration in related work. We are grateful to Saleem Zaroubi and the anonymous referee for pointing us to the new LOFAR specifications in Jelic et al. (2008), and to Saleem Zaroubi for helpful conversations regarding LOFAR. Support was provided, in part, by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and grants AST-0506556 and NNG05GJ40G. O.Z. acknowledges additional support by a Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics (BCCP) Fellowship. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 690 IS 1 BP 252 EP 266 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/252 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398IU UT WOS:000262726600023 ER PT J AU Li, H Lubow, SH Li, S Lin, DNC AF Li, H. Lubow, S. H. Li, S. Lin, D. N. C. TI TYPE I PLANET MIGRATION IN NEARLY LAMINAR DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; methods: numerical; planetary systems: formation; planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; solar system: formation ID T TAURI DISKS; PROTOPLANET MIGRATION; EMBEDDED PROTOPLANET; ORBITAL MIGRATION; LAYERED ACCRETION; GIANT PLANETS; MASS; EVOLUTION; DISCS; INSTABILITY AB We describe two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the migration of low-mass planets (similar to 30M(circle plus)) in nearly laminar disks (viscosity parameter alpha < 10(-3)) over timescales of several thousand orbit periods. We consider disk masses of 1, 2, and 5 times the minimum mass solar nebula, disk thickness parameters of H/r = 0.035 and 0.05, and a variety of a values and planet masses. Disk self-gravity is fully included. Previous analytic work has suggested that Type I planet migration can be halted in disks of sufficiently low turbulent viscosity, for alpha similar to 10(-4). The halting is due to a feedback effect of breaking density waves that results in a slight mass redistribution and consequently an increased outward torque contribution. The simulations confirm the existence of a critical mass (M(cr) similar to 10M(circle plus)) beyond which migration halts in nearly laminar disks. For alpha greater than or similar to 10(-3), density feedback effects are washed out and Type I migration persists. The critical masses are in good agreement with the analytic model of Rafikov. In addition, for alpha less than or similar to 10(-4) steep density gradients produce a vortex instability, resulting in a small time-varying eccentricity in the planet's orbit and a slight outward migration. Migration in nearly laminar disks may be sufficiently slow to reconcile the timescales of migration theory with those of giant planet formation in the core accretion model. C1 [Li, H.; Li, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lubow, S. H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lin, D. N. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hli@lanl.gov; lubow@stsci.edu; sli@lanl.go; lin@ucolick.org OI Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 FU NASA Origins [NNX07AI72G] FX The research at LANL is supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. S. L. acknowledges support from NASA Origins grant NNX07AI72G. NR 36 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 690 IS 1 BP L52 EP L55 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/L52 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398RB UT WOS:000262748100013 ER PT J AU Baty, RS Tucker, DH AF Baty, Roy S. Tucker, Don H. TI Jump conditions for shock waves on the surface of a star SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Shock waves on a star surface; Magnetogasdynamics; Shock wave jump conditions; Nonstandard analysis ID SPHERICAL MAGNETOGASDYNAMIC SHOCK; RADIATION AB This article applies nonstandard analysis to derive jump conditions for one-dimensional, diverging, magnetogasdynamic shock waves emerging on the surface of a star. It is assumed that the shock thickness occurs on an infinitesimal interval and the jump functions for the flow parameters occur smoothly across this interval. Predistributions of the Heaviside function and the Dirac delta measure are used to model the flow variables across a shock wave. The equations of motion expressed in nonconservative form are then applied to derive unambiguous relationships between the jump functions for the flow parameters. It is shown here that the equations modeling a family of magnetogasdynamic shock waves yield products of generalized functions that may be analyzed consistently using nonstandard predistributions. C1 [Baty, Roy S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tucker, Don H.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Baty, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rbaty@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 319 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9949-6 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393RZ UT WOS:000262391800003 ER PT J AU Penner, JE Chen, Y Wang, M Liu, X AF Penner, J. E. Chen, Y. Wang, M. Liu, X. TI Possible influence of anthropogenic aerosols on cirrus clouds and anthropogenic forcing SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; ICE NUCLEATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; TROPICAL CIRRUS; LIQUID WATER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SOOT AB Cirrus clouds have a net warming effect on the atmosphere and cover about 30% of the Earth's area. Aerosol particles initiate ice formation in the upper troposphere through modes of action that include homogeneous freezing of solution droplets, heterogeneous nucleation on solid particles immersed in a solution, and deposition nucleation of vapor onto solid particles. Here, we examine the possible change in ice number concentration from anthropogenic soot originating from surface sources of fossil fuel and biomass burning, from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, and from aircraft that deposit their aerosols directly in the upper troposphere. We use a version of the aerosol model that predicts sulfate number and mass concentrations in 3modes and includes the formation of sulfate aerosol through homogeneous binary nucleation as well as a version that only predicts sulfate mass. The 3-mode version best represents the Aitken aerosol nuclei number concentrations in the upper troposphere which dominated ice crystal residues in the upper troposphere. Fossil fuel and biomass burning soot aerosols with this version exert a radiative forcing of -0.3 to -0.4Wm(-2) while anthropogenic sulfate aerosols and aircraft aerosols exert a forcing of -0.01 to 0.04Wm(-2) and -0.16 to -0.12Wm(-2), respectively, where the range represents the forcing from two parameterizations for ice nucleation. The sign of the forcing in the mass-only version of the model depends on which ice nucleation parameterization is used and can be either positive or negative. The magnitude of the forcing in cirrus clouds can be comparable to the forcing exerted by anthropogenic aerosols on warm clouds, but this forcing has not been included in past assessments of the total anthropogenic radiative forcing of climate. C1 [Penner, J. E.; Wang, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chen, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Chen, Yang/C-6529-2008; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011 OI Chen, Yang/0000-0002-0993-7081; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955 FU NSF [ATM 0333016, NNG04GC01G] FX We are grateful for support by the NSF climate dynamics program as well as the NASA IDS program under grant numbers ATM 0333016 and NNG04GC01G, respectively. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 75 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 879 EP 896 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406WP UT WOS:000263325900009 ER PT J AU Chapman, EG Gustafson, WI Easter, RC Barnard, JC Ghan, SJ Pekour, MS Fast, JD AF Chapman, E. G. Gustafson, W. I., Jr. Easter, R. C. Barnard, J. C. Ghan, S. J. Pekour, M. S. Fast, J. D. TI Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SULFATE AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; REPRESENTATION; SIZE; PRECIPITATION; PHOTOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY AB The local and regional influence of elevated point sources on summertime aerosol forcing and cloud-aerosol interactions in northeastern North America was investigated using the WRF-Chem community model. The direct effects of aerosols on incoming solar radiation were simulated using existing modules to relate aerosol sizes and chemical composition to aerosol optical properties. Indirect effects were simulated by adding a prognostic treatment of cloud droplet number and adding modules that activate aerosol particles to form cloud droplets, simulate aqueous-phase chemistry, and tie a two-moment treatment of cloud water (cloud water mass and cloud droplet number) to precipitation and an existing radiation scheme. Fully interactive feedbacks thus were created within the modified model, with aerosols affecting cloud droplet number and cloud radiative properties, and clouds altering aerosol size and composition via aqueous processes, wet scavenging, and gas-phase-related photolytic processes. Comparisons of a baseline simulation with observations show that the model captured the general temporal cycle of aerosol optical depths (AODs) and produced clouds of comparable thickness to observations at approximately the proper times and places. The model overpredicted SO2 mixing ratios and PM2.5 mass, but reproduced the range of observed SO2 to sulfate aerosol ratios, suggesting that atmospheric oxidation processes leading to aerosol sulfate formation are captured in the model. The baseline simulation was compared to a sensitivity simulation in which all emissions at model levels above the surface layer were set to zero, thus removing stack emissions. Instantaneous, site-specific differences for aerosol and cloud related properties between the two simulations could be quite large, as removing above-surface emission sources influenced when and where clouds formed within the modeling domain. When summed spatially over the finest resolution model domain (the extent of which corresponds to the typical size of a single global climate model grid cell) and temporally over a three day analysis period, total rainfall in the sensitivity simulation increased by 31% over that in the baseline simulation. Fewer optically thin clouds, arbitrarily defined as a cloud exhibiting an optical depth less than 1, formed in the sensitivity simulation. Domain-averaged AODs dropped from 0.46 in the baseline simulation to 0.38 in the sensitivity simulation. The overall net effect of additional aerosols attributable to primary particulates and aerosol precursors from point source emissions above the surface was a domain-averaged reduction of 5Wm(-2) in mean daytime downwelling shortwave radiation. C1 [Chapman, E. G.; Gustafson, W. I., Jr.; Easter, R. C.; Barnard, J. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Pekour, M. S.; Fast, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chapman, EG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM elaine.chapman@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU US DOE Atmospheric Sciences program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Dr. Stuart McKeen of the NOAA/ESRL for providing the US EPA hourly PM2.5 data, Rahul Zaveri for providing the MOSAIC aerosol model, and the numerous field staff involved with the US DOE portion of the ICARTT/NEAQS 2004 experiment, including Rich Coulter of Argonne National Laboratory, Stephen Springston, Yin-Nan Lee, and Peter Daum of Brookhaven National Laboratory and Carl Berkowitz, Chris Doran, Bob Hannigan, John Hubbe, Nels Laulainen, and Xiao-Ying Yu of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We especially thank Mikhail Ovtchinnikov for useful discussions and comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the US DOE Atmospheric Sciences program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 66 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 945 EP 964 DI 10.5194/acp-9-945-2009 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406WP UT WOS:000263325900014 ER PT J AU Chiu, JC Marshak, A Knyazikhin, Y Pilewski, P Wiscombe, WJ AF Chiu, J. C. Marshak, A. Knyazikhin, Y. Pilewski, P. Wiscombe, W. J. TI Physical interpretation of the spectral radiative signature in the transition zone between cloud-free and cloudy regions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS CLOUDS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MODIS; AEROSOL; ENTRAINMENT; EVOLUTION; PRODUCTS; HUMIDITY; IMAGES; MODEL AB One-second-resolution zenith radiance measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's new shortwave spectrometer (SWS) provide a unique opportunity to analyze the transition zone between cloudy and cloud-free air, which has considerable bearing on the aerosol indirect effect. In the transition zone, we find a remarkable linear relationship between the sum and difference of radiances at 870 and 1640 nm wavelengths. The intercept of the relationship is determined primarily by aerosol properties, and the slope by cloud properties. We then show that this linearity can be predicted from simple theoretical considerations and furthermore that it supports the hypothesis of inhomogeneous mixing, whereby optical depth increases as a cloud is approached but the effective drop size remains unchanged. C1 [Chiu, J. C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Marshak, A.; Wiscombe, W. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Knyazikhin, Y.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pilewski, P.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wiscombe, W. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Chiu, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM christine.chiu@nasa.gov RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; FU Office of Science (BER, US Department of Energy, Interagency) [DE-AI02-08ER64562, DE-AI02-95ER61961, DE-FG02-08ER54564] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER, US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-08ER64562, DE-AI02-95ER61961, and DE-FG02-08ER54564) as part of the ARM program. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1419 EP 1430 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411IC UT WOS:000263642000023 ER PT J AU Marley, NA Gaffney, JS Tackett, M Sturchio, NC Heraty, L Martinez, N Hardy, KD Marchany-Rivera, A Guilderson, T MacMillan, A Steelman, K AF Marley, N. A. Gaffney, J. S. Tackett, M. Sturchio, N. C. Heraty, L. Martinez, N. Hardy, K. D. Marchany-Rivera, A. Guilderson, T. MacMillan, A. Steelman, K. TI The impact of biogenic carbon sources on aerosol absorption in Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT AEROSOLS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON AB In order to determine the wavelength dependence of fine (<1 micron) atmospheric aerosol absorption in the Mexico City area, the absorption Angstrom exponents (AAEs) were calculated from hourly averages of aerosol absorption measured at seven wavelengths (370, 450, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm) with an aethalometer during two field campaigns, the Mexico City Metropolitan Area study in April 2003 (MCMA 2003) and the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations in March 2006 (MILA-GRO). These results were compared to AAEs determined in the laboratory from 850-280 nm (350 points) on 12-h fine aerosol samples collected at the same sites. The aerosol AAEs varied from 0.76 to 1.5 in 2003 and from 0.63 to 1.4 in 2006. The AAE values determined in the afternoon were consistently higher than the corresponding morning values, suggesting the photochemical aging of the aerosols leading to the formation of more highly UV absorbing organic aerosol species in the afternoon. The AAE values were compared to stable and radiocarbon isotopic measurements of the 12-h aerosol samples to determine the sources of the aerosol carbon. The fraction of modern carbon (fM) in the aerosol samples, as determined from C-14 analysis, showed that an average of 70% of the carbonaceous aerosols in Mexico City were from modern biomass sources during both field campaigns. The C-13/C-12 ratios of the aerosol carbon illustrate the significant impact of Yucatan forest fires (C-3 plants) in 2003 and local grass fires (C-4 plants) in 2006. A direct comparison of the fM values, stable carbon isotope ratios, and aerosol AAEs suggested that the wavelength dependence of the aerosol absorption was controlled by the biogenically derived aerosol components. C1 [Gaffney, J. S.; Tackett, M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Marley, N. A.] Univ Arkansas, Grad Inst Technol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Sturchio, N. C.; Heraty, L.; Martinez, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Hardy, K. D.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Marchany-Rivera, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [MacMillan, A.; Steelman, K.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Chem, Conway, AR USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM jsgaffney@ualr.edu FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64328, DE-FG02-07ER64329] FX This work was conducted as part of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program and was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG02-07ER64328 and No. DE-FG02-07ER64329. We wish to thank Mr. Rick Petty and Ashley Willamson of OBER for their continuing encouragement. We also wish to thank Mexican Scientists and students for their assistance from the Instituto Mexicano de Petroleo (IMP) and CENICA in helping to collect aerosol samples for carbon isotopic analyses. NR 67 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1537 EP 1549 DI 10.5194/acp-9-1537-2009 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 418FA UT WOS:000264132800002 ER PT J AU Fountoukis, C Nenes, A Sullivan, A Weber, R Van Reken, T Fischer, M Matias, E Moya, M Farmer, D Cohen, RC AF Fountoukis, C. Nenes, A. Sullivan, A. Weber, R. Van Reken, T. Fischer, M. Matias, E. Moya, M. Farmer, D. Cohen, R. C. TI Thermodynamic characterization of Mexico City aerosol during MILAGRO 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE AEROSOL; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; PEROXY NITRATES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ALKYL NITRATES; GAS; PHASES; CENICA; STATES AB Fast measurements of aerosol and gas-phase constituents coupled with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model are used to study the partitioning of semivolatile inorganic species and phase state of Mexico City aerosol sampled at the T1 site during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign. Overall, predicted semivolatile partitioning agrees well with measurements. PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in ammonia but is to acidic semivolatile species. For particle sizes up to 1 mu m diameter, semi-volatile partitioning requires 15-30 min to equilibrate; longer time is typically required during the night and early morning hours. Aerosol and gas-phase speciation always exhibits substantial temporal variability, so that aerosol composition measurements (bulk or size-resolved) obtained over large integration periods are not reflective of its true state. When the aerosol sulfate-to-nitrate molar ratio is less than unity, predictions improve substantially if the aerosol is assumed to follow the deliquescent phase diagram. Treating crustal species as "equivalent sodium" (rather than explicitly) in the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations introduces important biases in predicted aerosol water uptake, nitrate and ammonium; neglecting crustals further increases errors dramatically. This suggests that explicitly considering crustals in the thermodynamic calculations is required to accurately predict the partitioning and phase state of aerosols. C1 [Fountoukis, C.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.; Sullivan, A.; Weber, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Van Reken, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fischer, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Matias, E.; Moya, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Farmer, D.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU NOAA [NMRAC000-5-04017]; EPA [X83234201]; NSF [ATM-0513035, ATM-0511829]; NCAR Advanced Study Program; CONACyT [J51782]; PAPIIT-UNAM [IN107306] FX CF and AN acknowledge NOAA (NMRAC000-5-04017) and the EPA (X83234201). AS and RW acknowledge NSF (ATM-0513035). TV acknowledges the NCAR Advanced Study Program. MF acknowledges the Laboratory Directors Research and Development grant at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. EM and MM acknowledge CONACyT-J51782, PAPIIT-UNAM IN107306. DF and RC acknowledge support from NSF (ATM-0511829). Finally, we would like to thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor for comments that substantially improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2156 DI 10.5194/acp-9-2141-2009 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 425GQ UT WOS:000264625400022 ER PT J AU Liang, Q Douglass, AR Duncan, BN Stolarski, RS Witte, JC AF Liang, Q. Douglass, A. R. Duncan, B. N. Stolarski, R. S. Witte, J. C. TI The governing processes and timescales of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and its contribution to ozone in the Arctic troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TROPOSPHERE; LAYER EXPEDITION ABLE-3A; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; HIGH-LATITUDES; MODEL; TROPOPAUSE; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE; TRENDS AB We used the seasonality of a combination of atmospheric trace gases and idealized tracers to examine stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and its influence on tropospheric composition in the Arctic. Maximum stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of CFCs and O-3 occurs in April as driven by the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) occurs predominantly between 40 degrees N to 80 degrees N with stratospheric influx in the mid-latitudes (30-70 degrees N) accounting for 67-81% of the air of stratospheric origin in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere. Transport from the lower stratosphere to the lower troposphere (LT) takes three months on average, one month to cross the tropopause, the second month to travel from the upper troposphere (UT) to the middle troposphere (MT), and the third month to reach the LT. During downward transport, the seasonality of a trace gas can be greatly impacted by wet removal and chemistry. A comparison of idealized tracers with varying lifetimes suggests that when initialized with the same concentrations and seasonal cycles at the tropopause, trace gases that have shorter lifetimes display lower concentrations, smaller amplitudes, and earlier seasonal maxima during transport to the LT. STE contributes to O-3 in the Arctic troposphere directly from the transport of O-3 and indirectly from the transport of NOy. Direct transport of O-3 from the stratosphere accounts for 78% of O-3 in the Arctic UT with maximum contributions occurring from March to May. The stratospheric contribution decreases significantly in the MT/LT (20-25% of total O-3) and shows a very weak March-April maximum. Our NOx budget analysis in the Arctic UT shows that during spring and summer, the stratospheric injection of NOy-rich air increases NOx concentrations above the 20 pptv threshold level, thereby shifting the Arctic UT from a regime of net photochemical ozone loss to one of net production with rates as high as +16 ppbv/month. C1 [Liang, Q.; Douglass, A. R.; Duncan, B. N.; Stolarski, R. S.; Witte, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liang, Q.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Liang, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Qing.Liang@nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; FU NASA; Canadian Space Agency FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We are grateful to Peter Bernath and the ACE team for their data which is important for our model validation in the Arctic. The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. NR 87 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9 BP 3011 EP 3025 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 447KJ UT WOS:000266189700009 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Kroll, JH Cappa, CD Che, DL Liu, CL Ahmed, M Leone, SR Worsnop, DR Wilson, KR AF Smith, J. D. Kroll, J. H. Cappa, C. D. Che, D. L. Liu, C. L. Ahmed, M. Leone, S. R. Worsnop, D. R. Wilson, K. R. TI The heterogeneous reaction of hydroxyl radicals with sub-micron squalane particles: a model system for understanding the oxidative aging of ambient aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OLEIC-ACID PARTICLES; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXY RADICALS; OH RADICALS; KINETICS; PHASE; PRODUCTS; OZONE AB The heterogeneous reaction of OH radicals with sub-micron squalane particles, in the presence of O-2, is used as a model system to explore the fundamental chemical mechanisms that control the oxidative aging of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Detailed kinetic measurements combined with elemental mass spectrometric analysis reveal that the reaction proceeds sequentially by adding an average of one oxygenated functional group per reactive loss of squalane. The reactive uptake coefficient of OH with squalane particles is determined to be 0.3 +/- 0.07 at an average OH concentration of similar to 1 x 10(10) molecules cm(-3). Based on a comparison between the measured particle mass and model predictions it appears that significant volatilization of a reduced organic particle would be extremely slow in the real atmosphere. However, as the aerosols become more oxygenated, volatilization becomes a significant loss channel for organic material in the particle-phase. Together these results provide a chemical framework in which to understand how heterogeneous chemistry transforms the physiochemical properties of particle-phase organic matter in the troposphere. C1 [Smith, J. D.; Che, D. L.; Liu, C. L.; Ahmed, M.; Leone, S. R.; Wilson, K. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kroll, J. H.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Che, D. L.; Liu, C. L.; Leone, S. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leone, S. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krwilson@lbl.gov RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus foundation postdoctoral program in environmental chemistry; NASA [NNG06GGF26G] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J. D. S. is supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus foundation postdoctoral program in environmental chemistry. D. L. C. is grateful to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for support on Grant NASA-NNG06GGF26G. S. R. L. gratefully acknowledges the generous support of a Morris Belkin Visiting Professorship at the Weizmann Institute of Science. NR 41 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9 BP 3209 EP 3222 DI 10.5194/acp-9-3209-2009 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 447KJ UT WOS:000266189700021 ER PT J AU Lin, M Holloway, T Oki, T Streets, DG Richter, A AF Lin, M. Holloway, T. Oki, T. Streets, D. G. Richter, A. TI Multi-scale model analysis of boundary layer ozone over East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRACE-P; SURFACE OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; ACIDIFYING SUBSTANCES; CARBON BOND; CHINA; EMISSIONS; IMPACT AB This study employs the regional Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to examine seasonal and diurnal variations of boundary layer ozone (O-3) over East Asia. We evaluate the response of model simulations of boundary layer O-3 to the choice of chemical mechanisms, meteorological fields, boundary conditions, and model resolutions. Data obtained from surface stations, aircraft measurements, and satellites are used to advance understanding of O-3 chemistry and mechanisms over East Asia and evaluate how well the model represents the observed features. Satellite measurements and model simulations of summertime rainfall are used to assess the impact of the Asian monsoon on O-3 production. Our results suggest that summertime O-3 over Central Eastern China is highly sensitive to cloud cover and monsoonal rainfall over this region. Thus, accurate simulation of the East Asia summer monsoon is critical to model analysis of atmospheric chemistry over China. Examination of hourly summertime O-3 mixing ratios from sites in Japan confirms the important role of diurnal boundary layer fluctuations in controlling ground-level O-3. By comparing five different model configurations with observations at six sites, the specific mechanisms responsible for model behavior are identified and discussed. In particular, vertical mixing, urban chemistry, and dry deposition depending on boundary layer height strongly affect model ability to capture observed behavior. Central Eastern China appears to be the most sensitive region in our study to the choice of chemical mechanisms. Evaluation with TRACE-P aircraft measurements reveals that neither the CB4 nor the SAPRC99 mechanisms consistently capture observed behavior of key photochemical oxidants in springtime. However, our analysis finds that SAPRC99 performs somewhat better in simulating mixing ratios of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) at flight altitudes below 1 km. The high level of uncertainty associated with O-3 production in Central Eastern China poses a major problem for regional air quality management. This highly polluted, densely populated region would greatly benefit from comprehensive air quality monitoring and the development of model chemical mechanisms appropriate to this unique atmospheric environment. C1 [Lin, M.; Holloway, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Oki, T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. RP Lin, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mlin26@wisc.edu RI Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; OI Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNX07AL36G] FX Meiyun Lin and Tracey Holloway were supported on this work by NASA Grant NNX07AL36G. The authors appreciate EANET, Tao Wang and Pakpong Pochanart for providing surface measurement data in Japan, at Lin'an, and at Mondy, respectively. We also thank Louisa Emmons for providing the MODIS fire count data. We are grateful to co-editor Owen Cooper, two anonymous reviewers, Erica Bickford, Scott Spak and Eungul Lee for helpful comments in improving this manuscript. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3277 EP 3301 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452QJ UT WOS:000266556000004 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Welsh-Bon, D Warneke, C Kuster, WC Alexander, L Baker, AK Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, DR Canagaratna, M Celada, AT Huey, LG Junkermann, W Onasch, TB Salcido, A Sjostedt, SJ Sullivan, AP Tanner, DJ Vargas, O Weber, RJ Worsnop, DR Yu, XY Zaveri, R AF de Gouw, J. A. Welsh-Bon, D. Warneke, C. Kuster, W. C. Alexander, L. Baker, A. K. Beyersdorf, A. J. Blake, D. R. Canagaratna, M. Celada, A. T. Huey, L. G. Junkermann, W. Onasch, T. B. Salcido, A. Sjostedt, S. J. Sullivan, A. P. Tanner, D. J. Vargas, O. Weber, R. J. Worsnop, D. R. Yu, X. Y. Zaveri, R. TI Emission and chemistry of organic carbon in the gas and aerosol phase at a sub-urban site near Mexico City in March 2006 during the MILAGRO study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAP-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AIR-QUALITY; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; AMBIENT AEROSOLS; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; FIELD CAMPAIGNS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FINE-PARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonaceous aerosol were measured at a sub-urban site near Mexico City in March of 2006 during the MILAGRO study (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Objectives). Diurnal variations of hydrocarbons, elemental carbon (EC) and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) were dominated by a high peak in the early morning when local emissions accumulated in a shallow boundary layer, and a minimum in the afternoon when the emissions were diluted in a significantly expanded boundary layer and, in case of the reactive gases, removed by OH. In comparison, diurnal variations of species with secondary sources such as the aldehydes, ketones, oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and watersoluble organic carbon (WSOC) stayed relatively high in the afternoon indicating strong photochemical formation. Emission ratios of many hydrocarbon species relative to CO were higher in Mexico City than in the U. S., but we found similar emission ratios for most oxygenated VOCs and organic aerosol. Secondary formation of acetone may be more efficient in Mexico City than in the U. S., due to higher emissions of alkane precursors from the use of liquefied petroleum gas. Secondary formation of organic aerosol was similar between Mexico City and the U. S. Combining the data for all measured gas and aerosol species, we describe the budget of total observed organic carbon (TOOC), and find that the enhancement ratio of TOOC relative to CO is conserved between the early morning and mid afternoon despite large compositional changes. Finally, the influence of biomass burning is investigated using the measurements of acetonitrile, which was found to correlate with levoglucosan in the particle phase. Diurnal variations of acetonitrile indicate a contribution from local burning sources. Scatter plots of acetonitrile versus CO suggest that the contribution of biomass burning to the enhancement of most gas and aerosol species was not dominant and perhaps not dissimilar from observations in the U.S. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Welsh-Bon, D.; Warneke, C.; Kuster, W. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Welsh-Bon, D.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, L.; Yu, X. Y.; Zaveri, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Baker, A. K.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Canagaratna, M.; Onasch, T. B.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Celada, A. T.; Salcido, A.] Inst Invest Elect, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Huey, L. G.; Sjostedt, S. J.; Sullivan, A. P.; Tanner, D. J.; Vargas, O.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Junkermann, W.] Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Sjostedt, Steven/B-5032-2015; OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Salcido, Alejandro/0000-0002-7485-3802; Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0516610] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number ATM-0516610. We thank James Schauer and Elizabeth Stone for the use of their levoglucosan data, and Jose Jimenez for careful reading of the manuscript and many useful comments. NR 73 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3425 EP 3442 DI 10.5194/acp-9-3425-2009 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452QJ UT WOS:000266556000014 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Dubey, MK Olsen, SC Zheng, J Zhang, R AF Zhang, Y. Dubey, M. K. Olsen, S. C. Zheng, J. Zhang, R. TI Comparisons of WRF/Chem simulations in Mexico City with ground-based RAMA measurements during the 2006-MILAGRO SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; AIR-QUALITY; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; MODEL; CAMPAIGN; BASIN; PERFORMANCE; VISIBILITY AB Simulations using the fully coupled WRF/Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting - Chemistry) model at 3-km resolution in Mexico City have been performed to examine the temperature, relative humidity, wind, and gaseous criteria pollutants (CO, O-3, NO, NO2, and NOy) during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO field campaign. Comparison of the model simulations with measurements from the ground-based air quality monitoring network (RAMA) is presented. The model resolves reasonably well the observed surface temperature, relative humidity and wind speed; however, large discrepancies are identified between the simulated and the observed surface wind direction for wind speeds below 2 m s(-1). The simulated chemical species concentrations (CO, O-3, NO, NO2, and NOy) compare favorably with the observations. Simulated 03 concentrations agree especially well with the observations. The simulated 10 VOC species compare generally favorably with the observations at the T0 supersite although lower correlation coefficients and larger biases exist for propene, acetone and propanal, isoprene, and c10-aromatics when compared to the other VOC species. The model performs much better during daytime than nighttime for both chemical species and meteorological variables, although the model tends to underestimate daytime temperature and relative humidity. Simulations using combinations of the available PBL schemes and land surface models (LSMs) do not show a preferred combination in reproducing the observations. The simulated meteorological fields under the O-3-South, O-3-North and El Norte weather episodes exhibit similar correlation coefficients and biases for the same variable. However, the model performs well for the O-3-South episode but inferiorly for the El Norte events in resolving the observed chemical species. C1 [Zhang, Y.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Olsen, S. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zheng, J.; Zhang, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yongxin@u.washington.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; NR 49 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3777 EP 3798 DI 10.5194/acp-9-3777-2009 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 457XD UT WOS:000266968200020 ER PT J AU Unger, N Menon, S Koch, DM Shindell, DT AF Unger, N. Menon, S. Koch, D. M. Shindell, D. T. TI Impacts of aerosol-cloud interactions on past and future changes in tropospheric composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GISS MODELE; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; PREINDUSTRIAL; SENSITIVITY; CUMULUS; GCM; NOX AB The development of effective emissions control policies that are beneficial to both climate and air quality requires a detailed understanding of all the feedbacks in the atmospheric composition and climate system. We perform sensitivity studies with a global atmospheric composition-climate model to assess the impact of aerosols on tropospheric chemistry through their modification on clouds, aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). The model includes coupling between both tropospheric gas-phase and aerosol chemistry and aerosols and liquid-phase clouds. We investigate past impacts from preindustrial (PI) to present day (PD) and future impacts from PD to 2050 (for the moderate IPCC A1B scenario) that embrace a wide spectrum of precursor emission changes and consequential ACI. The aerosol indirect effect (AIE) is estimated to be -2.0 Wm(-2) for PD-PI and -0.6 Wm(-2) for 2050-PD, at the high end of current estimates. Inclusion of ACI substantially impacts changes in global mean methane lifetime across both time periods, enhancing the past and future increases by 10% and 30%, respectively. In regions where pollution emissions increase, inclusion of ACI leads to 20% enhancements in in-cloud sulfate production and similar to 10% enhancements in sulfate wet deposition that is displaced away from the immediate source regions. The enhanced in-cloud sulfate formation leads to larger increases in surface sulfate across polluted regions (similar to 10-30%). Nitric acid wet deposition is dampened by 15-20% across the industrialized regions due to ACI allowing additional re-release of reactive nitrogen that contributes to 1-2 ppbv increases in surface ozone in outflow regions. Our model findings indicate that ACI must be considered in studies of methane trends and projections of future changes to particulate matter air quality. C1 [Unger, N.; Koch, D. M.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Unger, N.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Unger, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM nunger@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program for funding support. We thank the NASA Center for Computational Sciences for computing support. The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. M. acknowledges funding from the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 12 BP 4115 EP 4129 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 462CX UT WOS:000267324700019 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Wang, J Daum, PH Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Senum, GI Weinstein-Lloyd, J Alexander, ML Hubbe, J Ortega, J Zaveri, RA Canagaratna, MR Jayne, J AF Kleinman, L. I. Springston, S. R. Wang, J. Daum, P. H. Lee, Y. -N. Nunnermacker, L. J. Senum, G. I. Weinstein-Lloyd, J. Alexander, M. L. Hubbe, J. Ortega, J. Zaveri, R. A. Canagaratna, M. R. Jayne, J. TI The time evolution of aerosol size distribution over the Mexico City plateau SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETER; MODEL; MECHANISMS; CLIMATE; GROWTH; VOLATILITY; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; CAMPAIGN AB As part of the MILAGRO field campaign, the DOE G-1 aircraft was used to make measurements over and downwind of Mexico City with the objective of determining growth characteristics of aerosols from a megacity urban source. This study focuses on number concentration and size distributions. It is found that a 5-fold increase in aerosol volume is accompanied by about a 5-fold increase in accumulation mode number concentration. There is growth in aerosol volume because there are more accumulation mode particles, not because of an increase in the average size of accumulation particles. Condensation and volume growth laws were examined to see whether either is consistent with observations. Condensation calculations show that the growth of Aitken mode particles into the accumulation mode size range gives the required increase in number concentration. There are minimal changes in the accumulation mode size distribution with age, consistent with observations. Volume-growth in contrast yields a population of large particles, distinctly different from what is observed. Detailed model calculations are required to translate our observations into specific information on the volatility and properties of secondary organic aerosol. C1 [Kleinman, L. I.; Springston, S. R.; Wang, J.; Daum, P. H.; Lee, Y. -N.; Nunnermacker, L. J.; Senum, G. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weinstein-Lloyd, J.] SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY USA. [Alexander, M. L.; Hubbe, J.; Ortega, J.; Zaveri, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Canagaratna, M. R.; Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jing/B-3198-2009; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was performed under sponsorship of the US DOE under contracts DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 13 BP 4261 EP 4278 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 470OG UT WOS:000267984400005 ER PT J AU Sednev, I Menon, S McFarquhar, G AF Sednev, I. Menon, S. McFarquhar, G. TI Simulating mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds: sensitivity to ice initiation mechanisms SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL CUMULIFORM CLOUDS; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PART II; DETAILED MICROPHYSICS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CLIMATE MODELS; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; MULTICOMPONENT FRAMEWORK AB The importance of Arctic mixed-phase clouds on radiation and the Arctic climate is well known. However, the development of mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in large scale models is limited by lack of both related observations and numerical studies using multidimensional models with advanced microphysics that provide the basis for understanding the relative importance of different microphysical processes that take place in mixed-phase clouds. To improve the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in the GISS GCM we use the GISS single-column model coupled to a bin resolved microphysics (BRM) scheme that was specially designed to simulate mixed-phase clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions. Using this model with the microphysical measurements obtained from the DOE ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) campaign in October 2004 at the North Slope of Alaska, we investigate the effect of ice initiation processes and Bergeron-Findeisen process (BFP) on glaciation time and longevity of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds. We focus on observations taken during 9-10 October, which indicated the presence of a single-layer mixed-phase clouds. We performed several sets of 12-h simulations to examine model sensitivity to different ice initiation mechanisms and evaluate model output (hydrometeors' concentrations, contents, effective radii, precipitation fluxes, and radar reflectivity) against measurements from the MPACE Intensive Observing Period. Overall, the model qualitatively simulates ice crystal concentration and hydrometeors content, but it fails to predict quantitatively the effective radii of ice particles and their vertical profiles. In particular, the ice effective radii are overestimated by at least 50%. However, using the same definition as used for observations, the effective radii simulated and that observed were more comparable. We find that for the single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds simulated, process of ice phase initiation due to freezing of supercooled water in both saturated and subsaturated (w.r.t. water) environments is as important as primary ice crystal origination from water vapor. We also find that the BFP is a process mainly responsible for the rates of glaciation of simulated clouds. These glaciation rates cannot be adequately represented by a water-ice saturation adjustment scheme that only depends on temperature and liquid and solid hydrometeors' contents as is widely used in bulk microphysics schemes and are better represented by processes that also account for supersaturation changes as the hydrometeors grow. C1 [Sednev, I.; Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McFarquhar, G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sednev, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM isednev@lbl.gov OI McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Atmospheric Radiation Program FX The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge funding from DOE Atmospheric Radiation Program. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 4747 EP 4773 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500015 ER PT J AU Rogers, RR Hair, JW Hostetler, CA Ferrare, RA Obland, MD Cook, AL Harper, DB Burton, SP Shinozuka, Y McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Redemann, J Russell, PB Livingston, JM Kleinman, LI AF Rogers, R. R. Hair, J. W. Hostetler, C. A. Ferrare, R. A. Obland, M. D. Cook, A. L. Harper, D. B. Burton, S. P. Shinozuka, Y. McNaughton, C. S. Clarke, A. D. Redemann, J. Russell, P. B. Livingston, J. M. Kleinman, L. I. TI NASA LaRC airborne high spectral resolution lidar aerosol measurements during MILAGRO: observations and validation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; COLUMN CLOSURE; WATER-VAPOR; ACE-ASIA; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; FILTER; CLOUD; MODEL AB The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measures vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, backscatter, and depolarization at both 532 nm and 1064 nm. In March of 2006 the HSRL participated in the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign along with several other suites of instruments deployed on both aircraft and ground based platforms. This paper presents high spatial and vertical resolution HSRL measurements of aerosol extinction and optical depth from MILAGRO and comparisons of those measurements with similar measurements from other sensors and model predictions. HSRL measurements coincident with airborne in situ aerosol scattering and absorption measurements from two different instrument suites on the C-130 and G-1 aircraft, airborne aerosol optical depth (AOD) and extinction measurements from an airborne tracking sunphotometer on the J-31 aircraft, and AOD from a network of ground based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers are presented as a validation of the HSRL aerosol extinction and optical depth products. Regarding the extinction validation, we find bias differences between HSRL and these instruments to be less than 3% (0.01 km(-1)) at 532 nm, the wavelength at which the HSRL technique is employed. The rms differences at 532 nm were less than 50% (0.015 km(-1)). To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive validation of the HSRL measurement of aerosol extinction and optical depth to date. The observed bias differences in ambient aerosol extinction between HSRL and other measurements is within 15-20% at visible wavelengths, found by previous studies to be the differences observed with current state-of-the-art instrumentation (Schmid et al., 2006). C1 [Rogers, R. R.; Hair, J. W.; Hostetler, C. A.; Ferrare, R. A.; Obland, M. D.; Cook, A. L.; Harper, D. B.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Burton, S. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SSAI, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.; McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Redemann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Livingston, J. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SRI Int, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kleinman, L. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rogers, RR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM raymond.r.rogers@nasa.gov FU HSRL deployment during MILAGRO; NASA Science Mission Directorate, the NASA CALIPSO project; US Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) [DE-AI02-05ER6398] FX We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Langley Flight Research Service Directorate for their support of B200 flight operations during MILAGRO. We would also like to thank all of the aircraft crews and personnel of the G-1, J-31, and C-130 for making this mission possible. Support for the HSRL deployment during MILAGRO and the analyses of these data was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the NASA CALIPSO project, and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program), Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-05ER6398. We also acknowledge Edward T. Peltzer, MBARI, for the bilinear regression code. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 4811 EP 4826 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500018 ER PT J AU Reidmiller, DR Fiore, AM Jaffe, DA Bergmann, D Cuvelier, C Dentener, FJ Duncan, BN Folberth, G Gauss, M Gong, S Hess, P Jonson, JE Keating, T Lupu, A Marmer, E Park, R Schultz, MG Shindell, DT Szopa, S Vivanco, MG Wild, O Zuber, A AF Reidmiller, D. R. Fiore, A. M. Jaffe, D. A. Bergmann, D. Cuvelier, C. Dentener, F. J. Duncan, B. N. Folberth, G. Gauss, M. Gong, S. Hess, P. Jonson, J. E. Keating, T. Lupu, A. Marmer, E. Park, R. Schultz, M. G. Shindell, D. T. Szopa, S. Vivanco, M. G. Wild, O. Zuber, A. TI The influence of foreign vs. North American emissions on surface ozone in the US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; BACKGROUND OZONE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; MODEL AB As part of the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP; < a href='http://www.htap.org' target='_blank'> http:// www.htap.org ) project, we analyze results from 15 global and 1 hemispheric chemical transport models and compare these to Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) observations in the United States (US) for 2001. Using the policy-relevant maximum daily 8-h average ozone (MDA8 O-3) statistic, the multi-model ensemble represents the observations well (mean r(2)=0.57, ensemble bias = +4.1 ppbv for all US regions and all seasons) despite a wide range in the individual model results. Correlations are strongest in the northeastern US during spring and fall (r(2)=0.68); and weakest in the midwestern US in summer (r(2)=0.46). However, large positive mean biases exist during summer for all eastern US regions, ranging from 10-20 ppbv, and a smaller negative bias is present in the western US during spring (similar to 3 ppbv). In nearly all other regions and seasons, the biases of the model ensemble simulations are < 5 ppbv. Sensitivity simulations in which anthropogenic O-3-precursor emissions (NOx + NMVOC + CO + aerosols) were decreased by 20% in four source regions: East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Europe (EU) and North America (NA) show that the greatest response of MDA8 O-3 to the summed foreign emissions reductions occurs during spring in the West (0.9 ppbv reduction due to 20% emissions reductions from EA + SA + EU). East Asia is the largest contributor to MDA8 O-3 at all ranges of the O-3 distribution for most regions (typically similar to 0.45 ppbv) followed closely by Europe. The exception is in the northeastern US where emissions reductions in EU had a slightly greater influence than EA emissions, particularly in the middle of the MDA8 O-3 distribution (response of similar to 0.35 ppbv between 35-55 ppbv). EA and EU influences are both far greater (about 4x) than that from SA in all regions and seasons. In all regions and seasons O-3-precursor emissions reductions of 20% in the NA source region decrease MDA8 O-3 the most - by a factor of 2 to nearly 10 relative to foreign emissions reductions. The O-3 response to anthropogenic NA emissions is greatest in the eastern US during summer at the high end of the O-3 distribution (5-6 ppbv for 20% reductions). While the impact of foreign emissions on surface O-3 in the US is not negligible - and is of increasing concern given the recent growth in Asian emissions - domestic emissions reductions remain a far more effective means of decreasing MDA8 O-3 values, particularly those above 75 ppb (the current US standard). C1 [Reidmiller, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reidmiller, D. R.; Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Bothell, WA USA. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bergmann, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Cuvelier, C.; Dentener, F. J.; Marmer, E.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Duncan, B. N.] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gauss, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Gong, S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jonson, J. E.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Szopa, S.] IPSL, UVSQ, CNRS, CEA,Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Vivanco, M. G.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Zuber, A.] European Commiss, Environm Directorate Gen, Brussels, Belgium. [Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Reidmiller, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dreidm@atmos.washington.edu RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014 OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859 FU NSF [ATM-0724327]; US DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Spanish Ministry of the Environment; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development FX This work has been funded in large part by NSF grant ATM-0724327. The authors wish to thank Jenise Swall and Steve Howard (EPA) for providing daily MDA8 O3 CASTNet data from 1988 through 2004 and Tracey Holloway (University of Wisconsin) for many fruitful discussions and comments. CA and DB were supported primarily by the US DOE Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER) at LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; BND from NASA MAP; AL from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust; MGV from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment; and RJP was partly supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-3205. NR 74 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 5027 EP 5042 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500032 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Streets, DG Carmichael, GR He, KB Huo, H Kannari, A Klimont, Z Park, IS Reddy, S Fu, JS Chen, D Duan, L Lei, Y Wang, LT Yao, ZL AF Zhang, Q. Streets, D. G. Carmichael, G. R. He, K. B. Huo, H. Kannari, A. Klimont, Z. Park, I. S. Reddy, S. Fu, J. S. Chen, D. Duan, L. Lei, Y. Wang, L. T. Yao, Z. L. TI Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SIMULATED TROPOSPHERIC NO2; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; GOME-SATELLITE DATA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; EAST-ASIA; TRACE-P; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES AB A new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia in the year 2006 is developed to support the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources, excluding biomass burning. We estimate total Asian anthropogenic emissions in the year 2006 as follows: 47.1 Tg SO2, 36.7 Tg NOx, 298.2 Tg CO, 54.6 Tg NMVOC, 29.2 Tg PM10, 22.2 Tg PM2.5, 2.97 Tg BC, and 6.57 Tg OC. We emphasize emissions from China because they dominate the Asia pollutant outflow to the Pacific and the increase of emissions from China since 2000 is of great concern. We have implemented a series of improved methodologies to gain a better understanding of emissions from China, including a detailed technology-based approach, a dynamic methodology representing rapid technology renewal, critical examination of energy statistics, and a new scheme of NMVOC speciation for model-ready emissions. We estimate China's anthropogenic emissions in the year 2006 to be as follows: 31.0 Tg SO2, 20.8 Tg NOx, 166.9 Tg CO, 23.2 Tg NMVOC, 18.2 Tg PM10, 13.3 Tg PM2.5, 1.8 Tg BC, and 3.2 Tg OC. We have also estimated 2001 emissions for China using the same methodology and found that all species show an increasing trend during 2001-2006: 36% increase for SO2, 55% for NOx, 18% for CO, 29% for VOC, 13% for PM10, and 14% for PM2.5, BC, and OC. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 30 minx30 min and can be accessed at our web site (< a href='http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006' target='_blank'> http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006 ). C1 [Zhang, Q.; Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Q.; He, K. B.; Chen, D.; Duan, L.; Lei, Y.; Wang, L. T.; Yao, Z. L.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Huo, H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Park, I. S.] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Environm, Yongin, South Korea. [Reddy, S.] Hadley Ctr, UK Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Fu, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zhangq@anl.gov RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; Duan, Lei/E-7201-2015; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; lei, yu/D-3274-2016; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; FU China's National Basic Research Program [2005CB422201]; China's National High Technology Research and Development Program [2006AA06A305]; NASA; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work at Tsinghua University was supported by China's National Basic Research Program (2005CB422201) and China's National High Technology Research and Development Program (2006AA06A305). The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by NASA's INTEX program. We are grateful for the ongoing support of J. Crawford, D. Jacob, and H. Singh. K. B. He would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20625722) for financial support. J. S. Fu would like to thank F.-L. Yeh for his help on Taiwan emissions. Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy. NR 104 TC 878 Z9 1008 U1 62 U2 384 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 14 BP 5131 EP 5153 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 477RF UT WOS:000268535500039 ER PT J AU Fast, J Aiken, AC Allan, J Alexander, L Campos, T Canagaratna, MR Chapman, E DeCarlo, PF de Foy, B Gaffney, J de Gouw, J Doran, JC Emmons, L Hodzic, A Herndon, SC Huey, G Jayne, JT Jimenez, JL Kleinman, L Kuster, W Marley, N Russell, L Ochoa, C Onasch, TB Pekour, M Song, C Ulbrich, IM Warneke, C Welsh-Bon, D Wiedinmyer, C Worsnop, DR Yu, XY Zaveri, R AF Fast, J. Aiken, A. C. Allan, J. Alexander, L. Campos, T. Canagaratna, M. R. Chapman, E. DeCarlo, P. F. de Foy, B. Gaffney, J. de Gouw, J. Doran, J. C. Emmons, L. Hodzic, A. Herndon, S. C. Huey, G. Jayne, J. T. Jimenez, J. L. Kleinman, L. Kuster, W. Marley, N. Russell, L. Ochoa, C. Onasch, T. B. Pekour, M. Song, C. Ulbrich, I. M. Warneke, C. Welsh-Bon, D. Wiedinmyer, C. Worsnop, D. R. Yu, X. -Y. Zaveri, R. TI Evaluating simulated primary anthropogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols during MILAGRO: implications for assessing treatments of secondary organic aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; MASS-SPECTROMETER; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA AB Simulated primary organic aerosols (POA), as well as other particulates and trace gases, in the vicinity of Mexico City are evaluated using measurements collected during the 2006 Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaigns. Since the emission inventories, transport, and turbulent mixing will directly affect predictions of total organic matter and consequently total particulate matter, our objective is to assess the uncertainties in predicted POA before testing and evaluating the performance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) treatments. Carbon monoxide (CO) is well simulated on most days both over the city and downwind, indicating that transport and mixing processes were usually consistent with the meteorological conditions observed during MILAGRO. Predicted and observed elemental carbon (EC) in the city was similar, but larger errors occurred at remote locations since the overall CO/EC emission ratios in the national emission inventory were lower than in the metropolitan emission inventory. Components of organic aerosols derived from Positive Matrix Factorization of data from several Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer instruments deployed both at ground sites and on research aircraft are used to evaluate the model. Modeled POA was consistently lower than the measured organic matter at the ground sites, which is consistent with the expectation that SOA should be a large fraction of the total organic matter mass. A much better agreement was found when modeled POA was compared with the sum of "primary anthropogenic" and "biomass burning" components derived from Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on most days, especially at the surface sites, suggesting that the overall magnitude of primary organic particulates released was reasonable. However, simulated POA from anthropogenic sources was often lower than "primary anthropogenic" components derived from PMF, consistent with two recent reports that these emissions are underestimated. The modeled POA was greater than the total observed organic matter when the aircraft flew directly downwind of large fires, suggesting that biomass burning emission estimates from some large fires may be too high. C1 [Fast, J.; Alexander, L.; Chapman, E.; Doran, J. C.; Pekour, M.; Song, C.; Yu, X. -Y.; Zaveri, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Aiken, A. C.; Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Allan, J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Campos, T.; Emmons, L.; Hodzic, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Canagaratna, M. R.; Herndon, S. C.; Jayne, J. T.; Onasch, T. B.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Gaffney, J.; Marley, N.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [de Gouw, J.; Kuster, W.; Warneke, C.; Welsh-Bon, D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, J.; Kuster, W.; Warneke, C.; Welsh-Bon, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kleinman, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Russell, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ochoa, C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Fast, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Song, Chen/H-3374-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU US DOE's Atmospheric Sciences Program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); EMSL; PNNL; DOE OBER. PNNL; US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; DOE ASP [DE-FG02-05ER63981), NSF (ATM-0528634), EPA STAR (RD-83216101-0] FX We thank Wenfang Lei (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for providing the 2002 MCMA emissions inventory, Marcelo Mena (Universidad Nacional Andres Bello) for providing the gridded version of the 1999 NEI, and Darrel Baumgardner (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) for providing data from the Paso de Cortes site. This research was supported by the US DOE's Atmospheric Sciences Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Computational resources were provided by EMSL, a national scientific user facility located at PNNL and sponsored by the DOE OBER. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Jose Jimenez and his team were supported by DOE ASP (DE-FG02-05ER63981), NSF (ATM-0528634), and EPA STAR (RD-83216101-0). NR 76 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 16 BP 6191 EP 6215 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 489EY UT WOS:000269404000022 ER PT J AU Aiken, AC Salcedo, D Cubison, MJ Huffman, JA DeCarlo, PF Ulbrich, IM Docherty, KS Sueper, D Kimmel, JR Worsnop, DR Trimborn, A Northway, M Stone, EA Schauer, JJ Volkamer, RM Fortner, E de Foy, B Wang, J Laskin, A Shutthanandan, V Zheng, J Zhang, R Gaffney, J Marley, NA Paredes-Miranda, G Arnott, WP Molina, LT Sosa, G Jimenez, JL AF Aiken, A. C. Salcedo, D. Cubison, M. J. Huffman, J. A. DeCarlo, P. F. Ulbrich, I. M. Docherty, K. S. Sueper, D. Kimmel, J. R. Worsnop, D. R. Trimborn, A. Northway, M. Stone, E. A. Schauer, J. J. Volkamer, R. M. Fortner, E. de Foy, B. Wang, J. Laskin, A. Shutthanandan, V. Zheng, J. Zhang, R. Gaffney, J. Marley, N. A. Paredes-Miranda, G. Arnott, W. P. Molina, L. T. Sosa, G. Jimenez, J. L. TI Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) - Part 1: Fine particle composition and organic source apportionment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA; FIELD CAMPAIGN; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION AB Submicron aerosol was analyzed during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006 at the T0 urban supersite in Mexico City with a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and complementary instrumentation. Mass concentrations, diurnal cycles, and size distributions of inorganic and organic species are similar to results from the CENICA supersite in April 2003 with organic aerosol (OA) comprising about half of the fine PM mass. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of the high resolution OA spectra identified three major components: chemically-reduced urban primary emissions (hydrocarbon-like OA, HOA), oxygenated OA (OOA, mostly secondary OA or SOA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA) that correlates with levoglucosan and acetonitrile. BBOA includes several very large plumes from regional fires and likely also some refuse burning. A fourth OA component is a small local nitrogen-containing reduced OA component (LOA) which accounts for 9% of the OA mass but one third of the organic nitrogen, likely as amines. OOA accounts for almost half of the OA on average, consistent with previous observations. OA apportionment results from PMF-AMS are compared to the PM2.5 chemical mass balance of organic molecular markers (CMB-OMM, from GC/MS analysis of filters). Results from both methods are overall consistent. Both assign the major components of OA to primary urban, biomass burning/woodsmoke, and secondary sources at similar magnitudes. The 2006 Mexico City emissions inventory underestimates the urban primary PM2.5 emissions by a factor of similar to 4, and it is similar to 16 times lower than afternoon concentrations when secondary species are included. Additionally, the forest fire contribution is at least an order-of-magnitude larger than in the inventory. C1 [Aiken, A. C.; Huffman, J. A.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Volkamer, R. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, A. C.; Cubison, M. J.; Huffman, J. A.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Docherty, K. S.; Sueper, D.; Kimmel, J. R.; Volkamer, R. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salcedo, D.] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sueper, D.; Worsnop, D. R.; Trimborn, A.; Northway, M.; Fortner, E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Stone, E. A.; Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fortner, E.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fortner, E.; Zheng, J.; Zhang, R.] Texas A&M Univ, TAMU 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Wang, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Laskin, A.; Shutthanandan, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gaffney, J.; Marley, N. A.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Paredes-Miranda, G.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Paredes-Miranda, G.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Molina, L. T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sosa, G.] IMP, Eje Cent Norte Lazaro Cardenas, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Sosa, Gustavo/F-3912-2015; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Huffman, J. Alex/A-7449-2010; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Salcedo, Dara/B-7338-2008; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Sosa, Gustavo/0000-0002-4980-3491; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Huffman, J. Alex/0000-0002-5363-9516; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Salcedo, Dara/0000-0002-6923-111X; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 FU NASA [NNG04GR06H (ACA), NGT5-30516 (JAH), NNG05GQ50H (IMU)]; NSF [ATM-0528634, ATM-0449815, ATM-0511769, ATM-0528227, ATM-0511803]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER63981, DE-FG02-05ER64008]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; EPA STAR [RD-83216101-0] FX This study was supported by the following funding, NASA: fellowship NNG04GR06H (ACA), NGT5-30516 (JAH), NNG05GQ50H (IMU); NSF: grants ATM-0528634, ATM-0449815 (CAREER), ATM-0511769 (WPA and GPM), ATM-0528227 (LTM) and ATM-0511803 (LTM); DOE: grants DE-FG02-05ER63981 and DE-FG02-05ER64008 (WPA and GPM); NOAA: grant NA08OAR4310565; and EPA STAR fellowship RD-83216101-0 (PFD). PIXE analysis was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER/DOE and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Although this research has been partially funded by EPA and NSF, it has not been subject to Agency Review and thus no official endorsement should be inferred. We are grateful to X. Querol for the OPC data. The authors would also like to thank support from and useful discussions with Aerodyne, Tofwerk, J. de Gouw, and the remainder of the Jimenez Group. Finally, we would like to acknowledge IMP for hosting the T0 Supersite and the logistical support from many Mexican government agencies and institutions which made it possible to carry out the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO Campaign. NR 108 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 16 U2 138 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 17 BP 6633 EP 6653 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493ZK UT WOS:000269778500024 ER PT J AU Dusanter, S Vimal, D Stevens, PS Volkamer, R Molina, LT Baker, A Meinardi, S Blake, D Sheehy, P Merten, A Zhang, R Zheng, J Fortner, EC Junkermann, W Dubey, M Rahn, T Eichinger, B Lewandowski, P Prueger, J Holder, H AF Dusanter, S. Vimal, D. Stevens, P. S. Volkamer, R. Molina, L. T. Baker, A. Meinardi, S. Blake, D. Sheehy, P. Merten, A. Zhang, R. Zheng, J. Fortner, E. C. Junkermann, W. Dubey, M. Rahn, T. Eichinger, B. Lewandowski, P. Prueger, J. Holder, H. TI Measurements of OH and HO2 concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign - Part 2: Model comparison and radical budget SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URBAN ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED NO2; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT AIR AB Measurements of hydroxyl ( OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals were made during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) field campaign as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) project during March 2006. These measurements provide a unique opportunity to test current models of atmospheric ROx (OH + HO2 + RO2) photochemistry under polluted conditions. A zero-dimensional box model based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism (RACM) was constrained by 10-min averages of 24 J-values and the concentrations of 97 chemical species. Several issues related to the ROx chemistry under polluted conditions are highlighted in this study: (i) Measured concentrations of both OH and HO2 were underpredicted during morning hours on a median campaign basis, suggesting a significant source of radicals is missing from current atmospheric models under polluted conditions, consistent with previous urban field campaigns. (ii) The model-predicted HO2/OH ratios underestimate the measurements for NO mixing ratios higher than 5 ppb, also consistent with previous urban field campaigns. This suggests that under high NOx conditions, the HO2 to OH propagation rate may be overestimated by the model or a process converting OH into HO2 may be missing from the chemical mechanism. On a daily basis ( 08: 40 a. m.-06: 40 p. m.), an analysis of the radical budget indicates that HONO photolysis, HCHO photolysis, O-3-alkene reactions and dicarbonyls photolysis are the main radical sources. O-3 photolysis contributes to less than 6% of the total radical production. C1 [Dusanter, S.; Vimal, D.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Dusanter, S.; Vimal, D.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molina, L. T.; Sheehy, P.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Baker, A.; Meinardi, S.; Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Merten, A.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zhang, R.; Zheng, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fortner, E. C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Junkermann, W.] IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Dubey, M.; Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Eichinger, B.; Lewandowski, P.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Prueger, J.] USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Holder, H.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Dusanter, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM sdusante@indiana.edu RI Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-9984152, 0612738]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation FX The authors are grateful to Xinrong Ren and Philip Sheehy for helpful discussions about modeling procedures. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, Gustavo Sosa and the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo for their help during the MCMA field campaign, Rafael Ramos of RAMA for the use of one of their NOx instruments. This research is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (ATM-9984152 and 0612738) and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 18 BP 6655 EP 6675 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 498IE UT WOS:000270131400001 ER PT J AU Yu, XY Cary, RA Laulainen, NS AF Yu, X-Y. Cary, R. A. Laulainen, N. S. TI Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EC TRACER METHOD; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PRIMARY OC/EC RATIOS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; AEROSOL FORMATION; LOS-ANGELES; HONG-KONG; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES AB In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbon was measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semicontinuous OCEC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbon were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOC(TC)% (SOC%=SOC/TCx100%) at T1 ranged from 0.5-93.8% with an average of 63.5 +/- 17.2%. The SOCTC% at T2 ranged from 9.3-98.1% with an average of 67.4 +/- 12.4%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (EC(PM)%=EC/PM(2.5)x100%) and OC(PM)% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POC(PM)%) and SOC(PM)% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum EC(PM)% was 21.2%, and the maximum OC(PM)% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POC(PM)% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOC(PM)% was 49.7% at T1. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport from T1 towards T2 took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide ( CO) and odd nitrogen species ( NO and NO(x)) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, with units of mu g C/m(3) and mu g/m(3), respectively, was 0.004 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O(3) and NO(2), suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1. C1 [Yu, X-Y.; Laulainen, N. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cary, R. A.] Sunset Lab Inc, Tigard, OR 97223 USA. RP Yu, XY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaoying.yu@pnl.gov RI Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013 OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109 FU Office of Science (BER); US Department of Energy (USDOE); Atmospheric Science Program [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Aerodyne Research, Inc. FX The work was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (USDOE), under the auspices of the Atmospheric Science Program, under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the USDOE by Battelle. Meteorological data from T1 were provided by Richard Coulter at Argonne National Laboratory; and meteorological data from T2 by Christopher Doran, William Shaw and Mikhial Pekour at PNNL. Trace gas data from T1 were provided by the research groups of Gregory Huey of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ronald Cohen of the University of California, Berkeley. The authors thank Carl Berkowitz and Jerome Fast of PNNL for useful discussions about emission sources. The authors also thank Timothy Onasch at Aerodyne Research, Inc., for his support in the AMS data analysis, Manjula Canagaratna for her comments in the AMS POA and OOA analysis, and Lizabeth Alexander for operating the AMS. NR 70 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 18 BP 6793 EP 6814 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 498IE UT WOS:000270131400010 ER PT J AU Hodzic, A Jimenez, JL Madronich, S Aiken, AC Bessagnet, B Curci, G Fast, J Lamarque, JF Onasch, TB Roux, G Schauer, JJ Stone, EA Ulbrich, IM AF Hodzic, A. Jimenez, J. L. Madronich, S. Aiken, A. C. Bessagnet, B. Curci, G. Fast, J. Lamarque, J. -F. Onasch, T. B. Roux, G. Schauer, J. J. Stone, E. A. Ulbrich, I. M. TI Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; URBAN AEROSOL; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN AB The meso-scale chemistry-transport model CHIMERE is used to assess our understanding of major sources and formation processes leading to a fairly large amount of organic aerosols - OA, including primary OA (POA) and secondary OA (SOA) - observed in Mexico City during the MILAGRO field project ( March 2006). Chemical analyses of submicron aerosols from aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) indicate that organic particles found in the Mexico City basin contain a large fraction of oxygenated organic species (OOA) which have strong correspondence with SOA, and that their production actively continues downwind of the city. The SOA formation is modeled here by the one-step oxidation of anthropogenic (i.e. aromatics, alkanes), biogenic (i.e. monoterpenes and isoprene), and biomass-burning SOA precursors and their partitioning into both organic and aqueous phases. Conservative assumptions are made for uncertain parameters to maximize the amount of SOA produced by the model. The near-surface model evaluation shows that predicted OA correlates reasonably well with measurements during the campaign, however it remains a factor of 2 lower than the measured total OA. Fairly good agreement is found between predicted and observed POA within the city suggesting that anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are reasonably captured. Consistent with previous studies in Mexico City, large discrepancies are encountered for SOA, with a factor of 2-10 model underestimate. When only anthropogenic SOA precursors were considered, the model was able to reproduce within a factor of two the sharp increase in OOA concentrations during the late morning at both urban and near-urban locations but the discrepancy increases rapidly later in the day, consistent with previous results, and is especially obvious when the column-integrated SOA mass is considered instead of the surface concentration. The increase in the missing SOA mass in the afternoon coincides with the sharp drop in POA suggesting a tendency of the model to excessively evaporate the freshly formed SOA. Predicted SOA concentrations in our base case were extremely low when photochemistry was not active, especially overnight, as the SOA formed in the previous day was mostly quickly advected away from the basin. These nighttime discrepancies were not significantly reduced when greatly enhanced partitioning to the aerosol phase was assumed. Model sensitivity results suggest that observed nighttime OOA concentrations are strongly influenced by a regional background SOA (similar to 1.5 mu g/m(3)) of biogenic origin which is transported from the coastal mountain ranges into the Mexico City basin. The presence of biogenic SOA in Mexico City was confirmed by SOA tracer-derived estimates that have reported 1.14 (+/- 0.22) mu g/m(3) of biogenic SOA at T0, and 1.35 (+/- 0.24) mu g/m(3) at T1, which are of the same order as the model. Consistent with other recent studies, we find that biogenic SOA does not appear to be underestimated significantly by traditional models, in strong contrast to what is observed for anthropogenic pollution. The relative contribution of biogenic SOA to predicted monthly mean SOA levels ( traditional approach) is estimated to be more than 30% within the city and up to 65% at the regional scale which may help explain the significant amount of modern carbon in the aerosols inside the city during low biomass burning periods. The anthropogenic emissions of isoprene and its nighttime oxidation by NO3 were also found to enhance the SOA mean concentrations wihin the city by an additional 15%. Our results confirm the large underestimation of the SOA production by traditional models in polluted regions ( estimated as 10-20 tons within the Mexico City metropolitan area during the daily peak), and emphasize for the first time the role of biogenic precursors in this region, indicating that they cannot be neglected in urban modeling studies. C1 [Hodzic, A.; Madronich, S.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Roux, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Aiken, A. C.; Ulbrich, I. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bessagnet, B.] INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Curci, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schauer, J. J.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Schauer, J. J.] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Hodzic, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM alma@ucar.edu RI Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; RAYANE, Van-hung/B-5682-2009; Lee-Taylor, Julia/B-7409-2008; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Lee-Taylor, Julia/0000-0003-0989-1113; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 FU National Science Foundation; NCAR Advanced Study Program; NSF; DOE; NOAA OGP; QUITSAT/ASI FX We gratefully acknowledge L. Emmons (NCAR), T. Karl ( NCAR), J. Orlando ( NCAR), for valuable scientific discussions on this topic. We thank Rahul Zaveri, Chen Song, and Liz Alexander from PNNL for providing AMS data at T1. We thank C. Wiedinmyer for providing wildfire emissions. This research was performed under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the NCAR Advanced Study Program. J. L. Jimenez, A. C. Aiken, and I. M. Ulbrich were supported by NSF, DOE (BER, ASP Program), and NOAA OGP, while G. Curci was supported by the QUITSAT/ASI project. NR 147 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 18 BP 6949 EP 6981 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 498IE UT WOS:000270131400019 ER PT J AU Cross, ES Onasch, TB Canagaratna, M Jayne, JT Kimmel, J Yu, XY Alexander, ML Worsnop, DR Davidovits, P AF Cross, E. S. Onasch, T. B. Canagaratna, M. Jayne, J. T. Kimmel, J. Yu, X. -Y. Alexander, M. L. Worsnop, D. R. Davidovits, P. TI Single particle characterization using a light scattering module coupled to a time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; SEMICONTINUOUS PM2.5 SULFATE; OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB We present the first single particle results obtained with an Aerodyne time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a light scattering module (LS-ToF-AMS). The instrument was deployed at the T1 ground site approximately 40 km northeast of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area as part of the MILAGRO field study in March of 2006. The LS-ToF-AMS acquires both ensemble average and single particle data. Over a 75-h sampling period from 27-30 March 2006, 12 853 single particle mass spectra were optically-triggered and saved. The single particles were classified based on observed vaporization histories and measured chemical compositions. The single particle data is shown to provide insights on internal AMS collection efficiencies and ambient mixing state information that augments the ensemble data. Detection of correlated light scattering and chemical ion signals allowed for a detailed examination of the vaporization/ionization process for single particles measured with the AMS instrument. Three particle vaporization event types were identified as a fraction of the total number of particles detected: (1) 23% with prompt vaporization, (2) 26% with delayed vaporization, and (3) 51% characterized as null. Internal consistency checks show that average single particle nonrefractory mass and chemical composition measurements were in reasonable agreement with ensemble measurements and suggest that delayed and null vaporization events are the dominant source of the nonunit collection efficiency of the AMS. Taken together, the simultaneous prompt single particle and aerosol ensemble measurements offer insight into the mixing state and atmospheric transformations of ambient aerosol particles. C1 [Cross, E. S.; Onasch, T. B.; Davidovits, P.] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Onasch, T. B.; Canagaratna, M.; Jayne, J. T.; Kimmel, J.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Kimmel, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, X. -Y.; Alexander, M. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cross, ES (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM crosse@bc.edu RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63995, DE-FG02-05ER84268, DOE DEFG02-05ER63982]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0525355]; NASA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge A. Laskin and Y. Dessiaterik for use of their SMPS system during instrument calibrations, B. de Foy and J. D. Fast for helpful discussions about the MCMA meteorology, R. C. Cohen for HNO3 and NO2 measurements at T1, and G. Huey for SO2 measurements at T1. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grants No. DE-FG02-05ER63995, DE-FG02-05ER84268, DOE DEFG02-05ER63982 and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation grant No. ATM-0525355. ESC was funded by the NASA Earth System Science Fellowship program. NR 74 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 20 BP 7769 EP 7793 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512IL UT WOS:000271240500007 ER PT J AU Fain, X Obrist, D Hallar, AG Mccubbin, I Rahn, T AF Fain, X. Obrist, D. Hallar, A. G. Mccubbin, I. Rahn, T. TI High levels of reactive gaseous mercury observed at a high elevation research laboratory in the Rocky Mountains SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RATE COEFFICIENTS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; HG-P; OXIDATION; TROPOSPHERE; SPECIATION; PRODUCT AB The chemical cycling and spatiotemporal distribution of mercury in the troposphere is poorly understood. We measured gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (HgP) along with carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O-3), aerosols, and meteorological variables at Storm Peak Laboratory at an elevation of 3200m a.s.l., in Colorado, from 28 April to 1 July 2008. The mean mercury concentrations were 1.6 ng m(-3) (GEM), 20 pg m(-3) (RGM) and 9 pg m(-3) (HgP). We observed eight events of strongly enhanced atmospheric RGM levels with maximum concentrations up to 137 pg m(-3). RGM enhancement events lasted for long time periods of 2 to 6 days showing both enriched level during daytime and nighttime when other tracers (e. g., aerosols) showed different representations of boundary layer air and free tropospheric air. During seven of these events, RGM was inversely correlated to GEM (RGM/GEM regression slope similar to-0.1), but did not exhibit correlations with ozone, carbon monoxide, or aerosol concentrations. Relative humidity was the dominant factor affecting RGM levels with high RGM levels always present whenever relative humidity was below 40 to 50%. We conclude that RGM enhancements observed at Storm Peak Laboratory were not induced by pollution events and were related to oxidation of tropospheric GEM. High RGM levels were not limited to upper tropospheric or stratospherically influenced air masses, indicating that entrainment processes and deep vertical mixing of free tropospheric air enriched in RGM may lead to high RGM levels throughout the troposphere and into the boundary layer over the Western United States. Based on backtrajectory analysis and a lack of mass balance between RGM and GEM, atmospheric production of RGM may also have occurred in some distance allowing for scavenging and/or deposition of RGM prior to reaching the laboratory. Our observations provide evidence that the tropospheric pool of mercury is frequently enriched in divalent mercury, that high RGM levels are not limited to upper tropospheric air masses, but that the buildup of high RGM in the troposphere is limited to the presence of dry air. C1 [Fain, X.; Obrist, D.; Hallar, A. G.; Mccubbin, I.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Hallar, A. G.; Mccubbin, I.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fain, X (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM xavier.fain@dri.edu RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; Fain, Xavier/C-8645-2009 OI Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Fain, Xavier/0000-0002-4119-6025 FU Colorado Department of Health; NASA; National Science Foundation [ATM 0813690] FX This research has been funded by the Colorado Department of Health, the NASA EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Development program, and the Desert Research Institute. The study has also benefited from a study funded by the National Science Foundation (ATM 0813690, Obrist D. and Luria M.). We appreciate the assistance from Steamboat Ski and Resort Corporation for continue support of Storm Peak Laboratory and our research projects. We also thank C. Berger, R. Chakrabarty, M. Kaplan, D. Lowenthal, M. Luria, S. Lyman, and H. Moosmuller for valuable discussions and inputs during this manuscript development. NR 59 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 20 BP 8049 EP 8060 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512IL UT WOS:000271240500025 ER PT J AU Quaas, J Ming, Y Menon, S Takemura, T Wang, M Penner, JE Gettelman, A Lohmann, U Bellouin, N Boucher, O Sayer, AM Thomas, GE McComiskey, A Feingold, G Hoose, C Kristjansson, JE Liu, X Balkanski, Y Donner, LJ Ginoux, PA Stier, P Grandey, B Feichter, J Sednev, I Bauer, SE Koch, D Grainger, RG Kirkevag, A Iversen, T Seland, O Easter, R Ghan, SJ Rasch, PJ Morrison, H Lamarque, JF Iacono, MJ Kinne, S Schulz, M AF Quaas, J. Ming, Y. Menon, S. Takemura, T. Wang, M. Penner, J. E. Gettelman, A. Lohmann, U. Bellouin, N. Boucher, O. Sayer, A. M. Thomas, G. E. McComiskey, A. Feingold, G. Hoose, C. Kristjansson, J. E. Liu, X. Balkanski, Y. Donner, L. J. Ginoux, P. A. Stier, P. Grandey, B. Feichter, J. Sednev, I. Bauer, S. E. Koch, D. Grainger, R. G. Kirkevag, A. Iversen, T. Seland, O. Easter, R. Ghan, S. J. Rasch, P. J. Morrison, H. Lamarque, J. -F. Iacono, M. J. Kinne, S. Schulz, M. TI Aerosol indirect effects - general circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SULFATE AEROSOL; CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL-MODELS; PART I; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CUMULUS CONVECTION AB Aerosol indirect effects continue to constitute one of the most important uncertainties for anthropogenic climate perturbations. Within the international AEROCOM initiative, the representation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in ten different general circulation models (GCMs) is evaluated using three satellite datasets. The focus is on stratiform liquid water clouds since most GCMs do not include ice nucleation effects, and none of the model explicitly parameterises aerosol effects on convective clouds. We compute statistical relationships between aerosol optical depth (tau(a)) and various cloud and radiation quantities in a manner that is consistent between the models and the satellite data. It is found that the model-simulated influence of aerosols on cloud droplet number concentration (N-d) compares relatively well to the satellite data at least over the ocean. The relationship between tau(a) and liquid water path is simulated much too strongly by the models. This suggests that the implementation of the second aerosol indirect effect mainly in terms of an autoconversion parameterisation has to be revisited in the GCMs. A positive relationship between total cloud fraction (f(cld)) and tau(a) as found in the satellite data is simulated by the majority of the models, albeit less strongly than that in the satellite data in most of them. In a discussion of the hypotheses proposed in the literature to explain the satellite-derived strong f(cld)-tau(a) relationship, our results indicate that none can be identified as a unique explanation. Relationships similar to the ones found in satellite data between tau(a) and cloud top temperature or outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) are simulated by only a few GCMs. The GCMs that simulate a negative OLR-tau(a) relationship show a strong positive correlation between tau(a) and f(cld). The short-wave total aerosol radiative forcing as simulated by the GCMs is strongly influenced by the simulated anthropogenic fraction of tau(a), and parameterisation assumptions such as a lower bound on N-d. Nevertheless, the strengths of the statistical relationships are good predictors for the aerosol forcings in the models. An estimate of the total short-wave aerosol forcing inferred from the combination of these predictors for the modelled forcings with the satellite-derived statistical relationships yields a global annual mean value of -1.5 +/- 0.5 Wm(-2). In an alternative approach, the radiative flux perturbation due to anthropogenic aerosols can be broken down into a component over the cloud-free portion of the globe (approximately the aerosol direct effect) and a component over the cloudy portion of the globe (approximately the aerosol indirect effect). An estimate obtained by scaling these simulated clear- and cloudy-sky forcings with estimates of anthropogenic tau(a) and satellite-retrieved N-d-tau(a) regression slopes, respectively, yields a global, annual-mean aerosol direct effect estimate of -0.4 +/- 0.2 Wm(-2) and a cloudy-sky (aerosol indirect effect) estimate of -0.7 +/- 0.5 Wm(-2), with a total estimate of -1.2 +/- 0.4 Wm(-2). C1 [Quaas, J.; Feichter, J.; Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Ming, Y.; Donner, L. J.; Ginoux, P. A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Menon, S.; Sednev, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Menon, S.; Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan. [Wang, M.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gettelman, A.; Morrison, H.; Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lohmann, U.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bellouin, N.; Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Sayer, A. M.; Thomas, G. E.; Stier, P.; Grandey, B.; Grainger, R. G.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [McComiskey, A.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoose, C.; Kristjansson, J. E.; Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Wang, M.; Liu, X.; Easter, R.; Ghan, S. J.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Balkanski, Y.; Schulz, M.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kirkevag, A.; Iversen, T.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Iacono, M. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, KY USA. RP Quaas, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM johannes.quaas@zmaw.de RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Grandey, Benjamin/M-1235-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Grainger, Roy/E-8823-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Grandey, Benjamin/0000-0003-1442-0906; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Grainger, Roy/0000-0003-0709-1315; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; FU German Research Foundation (DFG); Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417]; EUCAARI [036833-2]; NorClim (Norwegian Research Council); US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [ATM 0609836]; NASA [NNX08AL83G]; [178246] FX CERES SSF data were obtained from the US National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. The MODIS data used in this study were acquired as part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. The MODIS Science Teams developed the algorithms for the taua retrievals. The authors would like to thank the data distribution centers for their support. Computing time for the ECHAM5 model was provided by the German High Performance Computing Centre for Climate and Earth System Research (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, DKRZ). J. Q. was supported by an Emmy Noether grant of the German Research Foundation (DFG). The Met Office Hadley Centre is funded by the Joint DECC, Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme (DECC/Defra) GA01101, (MoD) CBC/2B/0417 Annex C5. The work with CAM-Oslo was supported by the projects EUCAARI (European Integrated project No. 036833-2), IPY POLARCAT and NorClim (Norwegian Research Council grant No. 178246), and supported by the Norwegian Research Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time. The work with LMDzT-INCA was supported by EUCAARI. The GFDL model was developed collectively by the GFDL Global Atmospheric Model Development Team (GAMDT). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. M. acknowledges funding from the NASA MAP and DOE ARM program. The work of X. L., S. G. and R. E. was funded by US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program. J. E. P. and M. W. were funded by NSF grant ATM 0609836 and NASA grant NNX08AL83G and acknowledge computer time provided by the NCAR CISL. The authors thank Leon Rotstayn, Ralph Kahn, Bjorn Stevens and Robert Wood for their helpful comments. NR 121 TC 183 Z9 183 U1 8 U2 83 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8697 EP 8717 DI 10.5194/acp-9-8697-2009 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500005 ER PT J AU Lewis, KA Arnott, WP Moosmuller, H Chakrabarty, RK Carrico, CM Kreidenweis, SM Day, DE Malm, WC Laskin, A Jimenez, JL Ulbrich, IM Huffman, JA Onasch, TB Trimborn, A Liu, L Mishchenko, MI AF Lewis, K. A. Arnott, W. P. Moosmueller, H. Chakrabarty, R. K. Carrico, C. M. Kreidenweis, S. M. Day, D. E. Malm, W. C. Laskin, A. Jimenez, J. L. Ulbrich, I. M. Huffman, J. A. Onasch, T. B. Trimborn, A. Liu, L. Mishchenko, M. I. TI Reduction in biomass burning aerosol light absorption upon humidification: roles of inorganically-induced hygroscopicity, particle collapse, and photoacoustic heat and mass transfer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COMBUSTION AEROSOLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SOOT PARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY; SCATTERING AB Smoke particle emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels typical for the western and southeastern United States were studied and compared under high humidity and ambient conditions in the laboratory. The fuels used were Montana ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), southern California chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), and Florida saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Information on the non-refractory chemical composition of biomass burning aerosol from each fuel was obtained with an aerosol mass spectrometer and through estimation of the black carbon concentration from light absorption measurements at 870 nm. Changes in the optical and physical particle properties under high humidity conditions were observed for hygroscopic smoke particles containing substantial inorganic mass fractions that were emitted from combustion of chamise and palmetto fuels. Light scattering cross sections increased under high humidity for these particles, consistent with the hygroscopic growth measured for 100 nm particles in HTDMA measurements. Photoacoustic measurements of aerosol light absorption coefficients revealed a 20% reduction with increasing relative humidity, contrary to the expectation of light absorption enhancement by the liquid coating taken up by hygroscopic particles. This reduction is hypothesized to arise from two mechanisms: (1) shielding of inner monomers after particle consolidation or collapse with water uptake; (2) the lower case contribution of mass transfer through evaporation and condensation at high relative humidity (RH) to the usual heat transfer pathway for energy release by laser-heated particles in the photoacoustic measurement of aerosol light absorption. The mass transfer contribution is used to evaluate the fraction of aerosol surface covered with liquid water solution as a function of RH. C1 [Lewis, K. A.; Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Moosmueller, H.; Chakrabarty, R. K.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Carrico, C. M.; Kreidenweis, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Day, D. E.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Laskin, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Huffman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Huffman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onasch, T. B.; Trimborn, A.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Liu, L.; Mishchenko, M. I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lewis, KA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kmalewis@gmail.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Huffman, J. Alex/A-7449-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Huffman, J. Alex/0000-0002-5363-9516; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 FU National Science Foundation ( NSF) [0552230, 0511769]; University of Nevada, Reno; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research ( OBER); Joint Fire Science Program ( JFSP); US National Park Service ( NPS) [J8R07060005]; NSF [ATM- 0513116]; EPA STAR [R833747]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Glory Mission project; US Department of Energy [DE- AC06- 76RL0] FX This research was supported in part by grants 0552230 and 0511769 from the National Science Foundation ( NSF) to the Desert Research Institute and the University of Nevada, Reno, and in part by the Desert Research Institute through the Applied Research Initiative of the State of Nevada. This work also was supported by the Atmospheric Science Program of the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research ( OBER) and by the Joint Fire Science Program ( JFSP) funding FLAME through the US National Park Service ( NPS) project # J8R07060005. JLJ, JAH, and IMU were supported by NSF ( ATM- 0513116) and EPA STAR ( R833747). LL and MIM were supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and the NASA Glory Mission project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff at the USDA/ USFS Fire Sciences Laboratory, along with Wei- Min Hao and Jeffery L. Collett Jr., who participated in organizing the FLAME project. Additionally, the authors acknowledge Grizelle Gonzalez, USDA Forest Service: Sabana Field Research Station, Puerto Rico, Kevin Robertson, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, Joey Chong and David Weise, USDA Forest Service: Riverside Fire Laboratory and Robert Olson, Utah Air Quality for their contributions of biomass fuels. Preliminary AMS analysis was aided by Jesse Kroll, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The SEM/ EDX particle analysis was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE- AC06- 76RL0. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 8949 EP 8966 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500023 ER PT J AU Koch, D Schulz, M Kinne, S McNaughton, C Spackman, JR Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Bond, TC Boucher, O Chin, M Clarke, A De Luca, N Dentener, F Diehl, T Dubovik, O Easter, R Fahey, DW Feichter, J Fillmore, D Freitag, S Ghan, S Ginoux, P Gong, S Horowitz, L Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Klimont, Z Kondo, Y Krol, M Liu, X Miller, R Montanaro, V Moteki, N Myhre, G Penner, JE Perlwitz, J Pitari, G Reddy, S Sahu, L Sakamoto, H Schuster, G Schwarz, JP Seland, O Stier, P Takegawa, N Takemura, T Textor, C van Aardenne, JA Zhao, Y AF Koch, D. Schulz, M. Kinne, S. McNaughton, C. Spackman, J. R. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Bond, T. C. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Clarke, A. De Luca, N. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Dubovik, O. Easter, R. Fahey, D. W. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Freitag, S. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Horowitz, L. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Klimont, Z. Kondo, Y. Krol, M. Liu, X. Miller, R. Montanaro, V. Moteki, N. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Perlwitz, J. Pitari, G. Reddy, S. Sahu, L. Sakamoto, H. Schuster, G. Schwarz, J. P. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takegawa, N. Takemura, T. Textor, C. van Aardenne, J. A. Zhao, Y. TI Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT MODEL; MIXING STATE; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE IMPACT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; WET DEPOSITION; DUST AEROSOLS AB We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) retrievals from AERONET and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.7 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50N, the average model is a factor of 8 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC ratio is 0.4 and models underestimate the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models. C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Textor, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kinne, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Dentener, F.; van Aardenne, J. A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Berntsen, T.; Iversen, T.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Boucher, O.; Dubovik, O.; Reddy, S.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gong, S.] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Luca, N.; Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Clean Air Task Force; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; RegClim and AerOzClim; Norwegian Research Council's FX We acknowledge John Ogren and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript and Gao Chen for assistance with interpretation of the aircraft measurements. D. Koch was supported by NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Support from the Clean Air Task Force is acknowledged for support of SP2 measurements by the University of Hawaii. Ghan and Easter were funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. The work with UIO-GCM was supported by the projects RegClim and AerOzClim, and supported by the Norwegian Research Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time. We acknowledge datasets for AERONET, available at http://aeronet/gsfc.nasa.gov; IMPROVE available from http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/ IMPROVE; and EMEP from http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc. Analyses and visualizations of OMI AAOD were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). We acknowledge the field programs ARCTAS, TC4 and ARCPAC (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov, http://espoarchive.nasa.gov/archive/, and http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/tropchem/2008ARCPAC/P3/DataDownload/, respectively). NR 125 TC 244 Z9 246 U1 19 U2 135 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 9 IS 22 BP 9001 EP 9026 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525QX UT WOS:000272232500027 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, G Dobbie, S McQuaid, JB AF Kulkarni, G. Dobbie, S. McQuaid, J. B. TI A new thermal gradient ice nucleation diffusion chamber instrument: design, development and first results using Saharan mineral dust SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; DELIQUESCENCE; AEROSOL; EFFLORESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE AB A new Thermal Gradient ice nucleation Diffusion Chamber (TGDC) capable of investigating ice nucleation efficiency of atmospherically important aerosols, termed Ice Nuclei (IN), has been designed, constructed and validated. The TGDC can produce a range of supersaturations with respect to ice (SSi) over the temperature range of -10 to -34 degrees C for sufficiently long time needed to observe the ice nucleation by the particles. The novel aspect of this new TGDC is that the chamber is run in static mode with aerosol particles supported on a Teflon substrate, which can be raised and lowered in a controlled way through the SSi profile within the chamber, and nucleation events are directly observed using digital photography. The TGDC consists of two ice coated plates to which a thermal gradient is applied to produce the range of SSi. The design of the TGDC gives the ability to understand time-related ice nucleation event information and to perform experiments at different temperatures and SSi conditions for different IN without changing the thermal gradient within the TGDC. The temperature and SSi conditions of the experimental system are validated by observing (NH4)(2)SO4 deliquescence and the results are in good agreement with the literature data. First results are presented of the onset ice nucleation for mineral dust sampled from the Saharan Desert, including images of nucleation and statistical distributions of onset ice nucleation SSi as a function of temperature. This paper illustrates how useful this new TGDC is for process level studies of ice nucleation and more experimental investigations are needed to better quantify the role of ice formation in the atmosphere. C1 [Kulkarni, G.; Dobbie, S.; McQuaid, J. B.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Kulkarni, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gourihar.kulkarni@pnl.gov RI McQuaid, Jim/C-7450-2011 OI McQuaid, Jim/0000-0001-8702-0415 FU School of the Earth and Environment Leeds; UK and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory LDRD FX The authors thank Justin Lingard, Sarah Walker and Mike Smith for their lab support and helpful discussions. We also thank Daniel Cziczo and Benjamin Murray for helpful comments. We also greatly appreciate John Hallett for his valuable discussions at the initial stage of this project. Financial support by the School of the Earth and Environment Leeds, UK and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory LDRD funding are gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.5194/amt-2-221-2009 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601TA UT WOS:000278085900017 ER PT S AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Chernobrod, BM Chumak, AA Gorshkov, VN AF Berman, Gennady P. Bishop, Alan R. Chernobrod, Boris M. Chumak, Aleksandr A. Gorshkov, Vyacheslav N. BE Korotkova, O TI Suppression of scintillations and beam wandering in free space gigabit rate optical communication based on spectral encoding of a partially coherent beam SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves III CY JAN 26-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE optical communication; atmospheric turbulence; scintillations; encoding ID GAUSSIAN LASER-BEAMS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS; RANDOM-MEDIA; LIGHT-BEAM; PROPAGATION; MODEL AB A new concept of a free-space, high-speed optical communication (FSOC) system based on spectral encoding of radiation from a broadband pulsed laser is developed. It is known that the intensity fluctuations of a partially coherent beam in combination with a time-averaging photodetector leads to a significant scintillation reduction with the corresponding improvement of the bit error rate by several orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, the time-averaging method cannot be applied directly to gigabit data rate communication. The main limitation of this method is related to the requirement that the correlation time between different spatially coherent spots be shorter than the response time of the photodetector. We propose to extend the technique of scintillation suppression, based on time averaging of a partially coherent beam, to gigabit data rate FSOC. In our approach, information is encoded in the form of amplitude modulation of the spectral components of the laser pulse which has a broad spectrum. To examine the intensity fluctuations of a partially coherent beam under the conditions of strong turbulence, we developed an asymptotic method for solution of the kinetic equation for the photon distribution function. We show that, for long distances, scintillations and beam wandering can be significantly suppressed. C1 [Berman, Gennady P.; Chernobrod, Boris M.; Chumak, Aleksandr A.; Gorshkov, Vyacheslav N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7446-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7200 AR 72000H DI 10.1117/12.812131 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH08 UT WOS:000284395300011 ER PT S AU Stair, PC Elam, JW Libera, JA Feng, H Pellin, MJ Kim, HS AF Stair, P. C. Elam, J. W. Libera, J. A. Feng, H. Pellin, M. J. Kim, H-S. BE DeGendt, S Delabie, A Kang, SB Londergan, A Bent, SF Elam, JW VanDerStraten, O TI Performance and Characterization of ALD Vanadium Oxide Catalytic Nanoliths SO ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION APPLICATIONS 5 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition held as part of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 05-07, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Cambridge NanoTech, Air Liquide, Picosun, Qualcomm Inc, Gelest, Oxford Instruments ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; REACTIVITY; SUPPORTS; PROPANE; ALUMINA; ALKANES AB Supported vanadium oxide species are active catalysts for the selective, oxidative conversion of hydrocarbons to useful chemicals. Both the catalytic vanadium oxide and the supporting oxide were synthesized by ALD on high surface powders and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoliths. The nanoliths were prepared by anodic oxidation of aluminum. 1 nm of ALD aluminum oxide acts as the support for vanadium oxide loaded by 1 to 18 ALD cycles of vanadyltri-isopropoxide/H2O2. Ultraviolet-visible absorption edges red shift as the vanadia loading increases. The edge energy of 1-cycle ALD VOx corresponds to isolated, tetrahedral VO4 in agreement with Raman spectroscopy. V-O-V bonds form with additional cycles producing a gradual increase in VOx domain size. Reaction rate coefficients for the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane show increased overall activity in the high loading catalysts but a higher specific activity in the low loading catalysts for cyclohexene formation. C1 [Stair, P. C.; Pellin, M. J.; Kim, H-S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Stair, P. C.; Kim, H-S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Elam, J. W.; Libera, J. A.; Feng, H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pellin, M. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stair, PC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU National Laboratory is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, BES- Materials Sciences and BES- Chemical Sciences [W- 31- 109ENG- 38]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE- AC02- 06CH11357, DEFG02- 03- ER15457] FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, BES- Materials Sciences and BES- Chemical Sciences under Contract W- 31- 109ENG- 38. The work at Northwestern University was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contracts DE- AC02- 06CH11357 and DEFG02- 03- ER15457. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-091-8; 978-1-56677-741-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1149/1.3205042 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BA7RF UT WOS:000337731900006 ER PT S AU Suter, L Hansen, S Rosen, M Springer, P Haan, S AF Suter, L. Hansen, S. Rosen, M. Springer, P. Haan, S. BE Fournier, KB TI Effect of NLTE Emissivity Models on NIF Ignition Hohlraum Power Requirements SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE ICF; non-LTE emission; X-ray spectroscopy; hohlraum power balance ID LASER-HEATED HOHLRAUMS AB NLTE atomic physics model can significantly affect the power requirements and plasma conditions in ignition hohlraums. This is because the emissivity is a significant factor in determining the time dependent coronal temperature of the hot blow-off plasma filling ignition hohlraums, which, in turn, determines the total energy stored in that coronal plasma at any instant. Here we present best estimates of NLTE emissivity using the SCRAM model, including the range of uncertainty, and compare them with the emissivity of the model used to design NW ignition hohlraums and set the NIF pulse shape, XSN NLTE. We then present pulse shapes derived from hohlraum simulations using an atomic physics model that approximates the SCRAM emissivities. We discuss the differences in coronal energetics and show how this affects the pulse shape and, in particular, the peak power requirement. C1 [Suter, L.; Hansen, S.; Rosen, M.; Springer, P.; Haan, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Suter, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200001 ER PT S AU Sherrill, ME Abdallah, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL Kilcrease, DP AF Sherrill, M. E. Abdallah, J., Jr. Fontes, C. J. Zhang, H. L. Kilcrease, D. P. BE Fournier, KB TI NLTE Opacities of Mid- and High-Z Cocktails SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE Opacity; Radiation; Au; Atomic Kinetics ID CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGED IONS AB In this work we report on the development of a new method for computing mid- and high-Z NLTE opacities. A study has been performed using this method to assess the EOS and opacity sensitivities to the radiation field for both single species Au and multi-species SnNb and U(3)Au plasma cocktails with an emphasis on moderately to highly ionized systems. Developed as a benchmark tool, this capability will be used to assess both current and future in-line NLTE opacity capabilities. C1 [Sherrill, M. E.; Abdallah, J., Jr.; Fontes, C. J.; Zhang, H. L.; Kilcrease, D. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sherrill, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200002 ER PT S AU Koch, JA Miles, A Hsing, W Lee, RW Scott, H Stewart, R Tommasini, R Frenje, J Li, C Petrasso, R Glebov, V AF Koch, J. A. Miles, A. Hsing, W. Lee, R. W. Scott, H. Stewart, R. Tommasini, R. Frenje, J. Li, C. Petrasso, R. Glebov, V. BE Fournier, KB TI Non-Equilibrium Electron And Ion Temperature Measurements In Omega Direct-Drive Implosions SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit C1 [Koch, J. A.; Miles, A.; Hsing, W.; Lee, R. W.; Scott, H.; Stewart, R.; Tommasini, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Frenje, J.; Li, C.; Petrasso, R.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Glebov, V.] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, NY USA. RP Koch, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200004 ER PT S AU MacKinnon, AJ Akli, KU Bartal, T Beg, FN Chawla, S Chen, CD Chen, H Chen, S Chowdhury, E Fedosejevs, R Freeman, RR Hey, D Higginson, D Key, MH King, JA Link, A Ma, T MacPhee, AG Offermann, D Ovehinnikov, V Pasley, J Patel, PK Ping, Y Schumacher, DW Stephens, RB Tsui, YY Wei, MS Van Woerkom, LD AF MacKinnon, A. J. Akli, K. U. Bartal, T. Beg, F. N. Chawla, S. Chen, C. D. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chowdhury, E. Fedosejevs, R. Freeman, R. R. Hey, D. Higginson, D. Key, M. H. King, J. A. Link, A. Ma, T. MacPhee, A. G. Offermann, D. Ovehinnikov, V. Pasley, J. Patel, P. K. Ping, Y. Schumacher, D. W. Stephens, R. B. Tsui, Y. Y. Wei, M. S. Van Woerkom, L. D. BE Fournier, KB TI Progress in Fast Ignition Studies with Electrons and Protons SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit C1 [MacKinnon, A. J.; Chen, H.; Hey, D.; Key, M. H.; MacPhee, A. G.; Patel, P. K.; Ping, Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Akli, K. U.; Stephens, R. B.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Bartal, T.; Beg, F. N.; Chawla, S.; Chen, S.; Freeman, R. R.; Higginson, D.; King, J. A.; Ma, T.; Wei, M. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chen, C. D.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Freeman, R. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chowdhury, E.; Freeman, R. R.; Link, A.; Offermann, D.; Ovehinnikov, V.; Schumacher, D. W.; Van Woerkom, L. D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fedosejevs, R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Pasley, J.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP MacKinnon, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Schumacher, Douglass/J-3454-2015; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Schumacher, Douglass/0000-0002-2171-3902; FU U.S. Department of Energy - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The vital assistance of the technical staff connected with the Vulcan Laser and Titan Laser facilities is gratefully acknowledged. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200005 ER PT S AU Eggert, JH Celliers, PM Hicks, DG Rygg, JR Collins, GW Brygoo, S Loubeyre, P McWilliams, RS Spaulding, D Jeanloz, R Boehly, TR AF Eggert, J. H. Celliers, P. M. Hicks, D. G. Rygg, J. R. Collins, G. W. Brygoo, S. Loubeyre, P. McWilliams, R. S. Spaulding, D. Jeanloz, R. Boehly, T. R. BE Fournier, KB TI Shock Experiments on Pre-Compressed Fluid Helium SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE Pre-compressed; Shock; Equation of State; Helium AB We summarize current methods and results for coupling laser-induced shocks into pre-compressed Helium contained in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We are able to load helium, hydrogen, deuterium, and helium-hydrogen mixtures into a DAC and propagate a laser-generated shock into the pre-compressed sample. This technique has allowed us to measure the Hugoniot for helium at initial densities ranging from 1 to 3.5 times liquid density. We have developed and used a methodology whereby all of our measurements are referenced to crystalline quartz, which allows us to update our results as the properties of quartz are refined in the future. We also report the identification and elimination of severe electro-magnetic pulses (EMP) associated with plasma stagnation associated with ablation in a DAC C1 [Eggert, J. H.; Celliers, P. M.; Hicks, D. G.; Rygg, J. R.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brygoo, S.; Loubeyre, P.] CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [McWilliams, R. S.; Spaulding, D.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boehly, T. R.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Eggert, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; McWilliams, R./J-4358-2016 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; FU U.S. DOE - LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 26 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3295121 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200006 ER PT S AU Desjarlais, MP AF Desjarlais, Michael P. BE Fournier, KB TI Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Generating Equation of State Data SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE Equations of state; molecular dynamics; density functional theory AB Quantum molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory have emerged in recent years as a powerful tool for generating much needed data for equation of state development. We report here on some general issues, key equation of state landscape features, and specific results related to Hugoniot, isentrope and liquid-vapor critical point calculations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Desjarlais, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200007 ER PT S AU Rochau, GA Bailey, JE Maron, Y Chandler, G Fisher, V Lemke, R MacFarlane, J Peterson, K Slutz, S Stambulchik, E AF Rochau, Gregory A. Bailey, J. E. Maron, Y. Chandler, G. Fisher, V. Lemke, R. MacFarlane, J. Peterson, K. Slutz, S. Stambulchik, E. BE Fournier, KB TI Radiating Shock Properties in the Z-pinch Dynamic Hohlraum SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit C1 [Rochau, Gregory A.; Bailey, J. E.; Chandler, G.; Lemke, R.; Peterson, K.; Slutz, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maron, Y.; Fisher, V.; Stambulchik, E.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. [MacFarlane, J.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53704 USA. RP Rochau, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200008 ER PT S AU Bailey, JE Rochau, GA Hansen, SB Nash, TJ Nielsen, DS Lake, PW Iglesias, CA Mancini, RC MacFarlane, JJ Golovkin, I Wang, P Blancard, C Cosse, P Faussurier, G Gilleron, F Pain, JC Abdallah, J Pradhan, AK Nahar, SN AF Bailey, J. E. Rochau, G. A. Hansen, S. B. Nash, T. J. Nielsen, D. S. Lake, P. W. Iglesias, C. A. Mancini, R. C. MacFarlane, J. J. Golovkin, I. Wang, P. Blancard, C. Cosse, Ph. Faussurier, G. Gilleron, F. Pain, J. C. Abdallah, J., Jr. Pradhan, A. K. Nahar, S. N. BE Fournier, KB TI Experimental Investigation of Iron Plasma Opacity Models SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit C1 [Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Nash, T. J.; Nielsen, D. S.; Lake, P. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Iglesias, C. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [MacFarlane, J. J.; Golovkin, I.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Blancard, C.; Cosse, Ph.; Faussurier, G.; Gilleron, F.; Pain, J. C.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pradhan, A. K.; Nahar, S. N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200009 ER PT S AU Reinke, ML Ince-Cushman, A Podpaly, Y Rice, JE Bitter, M Hill, KW Fournier, KB Gu, MF AF Reinke, M. L. Ince-Cushman, A. Podpaly, Y. Rice, J. E. Bitter, M. Hill, K. W. Fournier, K. B. Gu, M. F. BE Fournier, KB TI Analyzing the Radiation Properties of High-Z Impurities in High-Temperature Plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE impurity transport; impurity emission modeling; bolometry; x-ray spectroscopy; tokamaks; highly ionized argon ID ALCATOR C-MOD; ARGON SPECTRA; X-RADIATION; TOKAMAK; IONIZATION; TRANSPORT; FORMULAS; REGIME; JET; VUV AB Most tokamak-based reactor concepts require the use of noble gases to form either a radiative mantle or divertor to reduce conductive heat exhaust to tolerable levels for plasma facing components. Predicting the power loss necessary from impurity radiation is done using electron temperature-dependent "cooling-curves" derived from ab initio atomic physics models. We present here a technique to verify such modeling using highly radiative, argon infused discharges on Alcator C-Mod. A novel x-ray crystal imaging spectrometer is used to measure spatially resolved profiles of line-emissivity, constraining impurity transport simulations. Experimental data from soft x-ray diodes, bare AXUV diodes and foil bolometers are used to determine the local emissivity in three overlapping spectral bands, which are quantitatively compared to models. Comparison of broadband measurements show agreement between experiment and modeling in the core, but not over the entire profile, with the differences likely due to errors in the assumed radial impurity transport outside of the core. Comparison of Ar16+ x-ray line emission modeling to measurements suggests an additional problem with the collisional-radiative modeling of that charge state. C1 [Reinke, M. L.; Ince-Cushman, A.; Podpaly, Y.; Rice, J. E.] Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hill, K. W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fournier, K. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gu, M. F.] Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Reinke, ML (reprint author), Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center [DE-FC0299ER5412] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center under contract DE-FC0299ER5412. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 52 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200011 ER PT S AU Hollmann, EM James, AN Parks, PB Evans, TE Humphreys, DA Jackson, GL Jernigan, TC La Haye, RJ Strait, EJ West, WP Wu, W Yu, JH AF Hollmann, E. M. James, A. N. Parks, P. B. Evans, T. E. Humphreys, D. A. Jackson, G. L. Jernigan, T. C. La Haye, R. J. Strait, E. J. West, W. P. Wu, W. Yu, J. H. BE Fournier, KB TI Low-Z Shell Pellet Experiments on DIII-D SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE tokamak; disruptions ID ABLATION AB Small (o.d. = 1.8 mm, t = 0.37 mm) polystyrene shells filled with either pressurized argon gas or boron powder have been fired into DIII-D plasmas for disruption mitigation experiments. The pellet shells were observed to burn up at rho approximate to 0.5, roughly consistent with ablation rate calculations. Pellet slowing from 350 m/s down to 100 m/s was observed, which is not well-understood at present. Negligible plasma current contraction or MHD onset were seen as a result of the shell burn-up in the plasma edge, consistent with calculations. The pellet payloads were observed to ionize rapidly in the pellet vicinity (<1 cm radius) and rapid (<15 ms) mixing through the plasma core was observed. C1 [Hollmann, E. M.; Yu, J. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [James, A. N.; Parks, P. B.; Evans, T. E.; Humphreys, D. A.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J.; Strait, E. J.; West, W. P.; Wu, W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Jernigan, T. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hollmann, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-ER54698] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FC02-ER54698, and DE-AC05-00OR22725. The technical support of D. Sundstrom and C. Murphy is gratefully acknowledged, as is the assistance of the DIII-D operations team. The assistance of J.F. Hund, N.B. Alexander, and the rest of the GA IFT group in producing the polystyrene spheres is gratefully acknowledged. Permission from H.A. Scott to use the CRETIN code is gratefully acknowledged. The originating developer of ADAS is the JET Joint Undertaking. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200012 ER PT S AU Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO AF Krstic, Predrag S. Reinhold, Carlos O. BE Fournier, KB TI Burning Plasma - Wall Interactions SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE Molecular dynamics; plasma-material interface; particle-surface interactions; chemical sputtering; erosion; fusion plasma ID MOLECULAR DEUTERIUM IONS; METHANE PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL EROSION; CARBON SURFACES; ATJ GRAPHITE; ENERGY; HYDROGEN; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS; TUNGSTEN AB We have studied chemical sputtering, hydrogen retention and other products of particle-surface interactions in the least known, intermediate-to-low range of impact energies (130 eV/D), with atomic and molecular projectiles of deuterated amorphous carbon surfaces. Results from atomistic, molecular dynamics (MD) modeling using massive computation have been benchmarked against "in house" particle beam experiments, enhancing its predictive capabilities. We have extended previous MD simulations for well defined ion beam experiments to plasma-bombardment environments using predefined distributions of impact particles in energy, angle, and angular momentum. Initial comparison with available plasma-irradiation experimental data is encouraging. The quality of the existing interatomic potentials and research opportunities in the development of new potentials for mixed fusion materials are discussed. C1 [Krstic, Predrag S.; Reinhold, Carlos O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200013 ER PT S AU Hau-Riege, S AF Hau-Riege, Stefan BE Fournier, KB TI X-Ray Free Electron Laser Interaction With Matter SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE X-ray free electron laser; x-ray matter interaction ID FEMTOSECOND; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; PULSES AB X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) will enable studying new areas of laser-matter interaction. We summarize the current understanding of the interaction of XFEL pulses with matter and describe some of the simulation approaches that are used to design experiments on future XFEL sources. Modified versions of these models have been successful in guiding and analyzing experiments performed at the extreme-ultraviolet FEL FLASH at wavelengths of 6 nm and longer. For photon energies of several keV, no XFEL-matter interaction experiments have been performed yet but data is anticipated to become available in the near future, which will allow to test our understanding of the interaction physics in this wavelength regime. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 100 EP 104 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200018 ER PT S AU Ludlow, JA Ballance, CP Loch, SD Lee, TG Pindzola, MS Griffin, DC McLaughlin, BM Colgan, J AF Ludlow, J. A. Ballance, C. P. Loch, S. D. Lee, T. G. Pindzola, M. S. Griffin, D. C. McLaughlin, B. M. Colgan, J. BE Fournier, KB TI Advances in Supercomputing for the Modeling of Atomic Processes in Plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE Off Fus Engergy Sci, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF & Photon Sci Directorate, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif, Inst Mat Dynam Extreme Condit DE Supercomputing; electron impact ionization; atomic data ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTION; HYDROGEN SCATTERING; COUPLING METHOD; HELIUM; ANTIPROTONS; EXCITATION; THRESHOLD; SINGLE; STATES AB An overview will be given of recent atomic and molecular collision methods developed to take advantage of modern massively parallel computers. The focus will be on direct solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for simple systems using large numerical lattices, as found in the time-dependent close-coupling method, and for configuration interaction solutions of the time-independent Schrodinger equation for more complex systems using large numbers of basis functions, as found in the R-matrix with pseudo-states method. Results from these large scale calculations are extremely useful in benchmarking less accurate theoretical methods and experimental data. To take full advantage of future petascale and exascale computing resources, it appears that even finer grain parallelism will be needed. C1 [Ludlow, J. A.; Ballance, C. P.; Loch, S. D.; Lee, T. G.; Pindzola, M. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Griffin, D. C.] Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ludlow, JA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy. Computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, California. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0698-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 165 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BOC76 UT WOS:000276195200025 ER PT S AU Cherkaoui, M Capolungo, L AF Cherkaoui, Mohammed Capolungo, Laurent BA Cherkaoui, M Capolungo, L BF Cherkaoui, M Capolungo, L TI Fabrication Processes SO ATOMISTIC AND CONTINUUM MODELING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS: DEFORMATION MECHANISMS AND SCALE TRANSITION SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRODEPOSITION C1 [Cherkaoui, Mohammed] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Capolungo, Laurent] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cherkaoui, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mcherkaoui@me.gatech.edu; laurentc@lanl.gov; mcherkaoui@me.gatech.edu; laurentc@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-0-387-46765-8 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2009 VL 112 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-46771-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-46771-9 PG 27 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BJQ33 UT WOS:000266986200001 ER PT J AU Kastengren, AL Powell, CF Wang, YJ Im, KS Wang, J AF Kastengren, Alan L. Powell, Christopher F. Wang, Yujie Im, Kyoung-Su Wang, Jin TI X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF DIESEL SPRAY STRUCTURE AT ENGINE-LIKE AMBIENT DENSITY SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT JETS; BEHAVIOR AB X-ray radiography has been used to examine the dependence of the near-nozzle fuel distribution of diesel sprays on injection pressure and ambient density. Measurements of sprays from two nozzles with different geometries, one extensively hydroground and the other minimally hydroground, have been obtained to show how nozzles of different geometries respond to changes in ambient density and rail pressure. The spray penetration near the nozzle demonstrates little dependence on ambient density, but a strong dependence on rail pressure. Comparison of these results with standard correlations in the literature show that in the near-nozzle region examined in this study, the penetration is expected to show little dependence on ambient density. The spray width becomes much larger for both nozzles as the ambient density increases. Rescaling the axial position by the square root of the density ratio between the fuel and the ambient gas accounts for the trends in spray width with ambient density for bout nozzles. The radiography data can also be examined to determine the relative trends in the steady-state, mass-averaged axial velocity of the spray. The velocity decays more rapidly with axial distance as the ambient density increases. Resealing the axial position also accounts for the trend of velocity decay with ambient pressure. C1 [Kastengren, Alan L.; Powell, Christopher F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Yujie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Im, Kyoung-Su] Livermore Software Technol Corp, Livermore, CA USA. [Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kastengren, AL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Bldg 362,Room D208,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM akastengren@anl.gov RI wang, yujie/C-2582-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program FX This research was performed at the 1-BM-C beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This work and the use of the APS are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program. The authors acknowledge the support of this work from the Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program, with Gurpreet Singh as Team Leader. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2009 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1044 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 551IY UT WOS:000274202500003 ER PT S AU Koch, MW Malone, KT AF Koch, Mark W. Malone, Kevin T. BE Hammoud, RI TI Vehicle Classification in Infrared Video Using the Sequential Probability Ratio Test SO AUGMENTED VISION PERCEPTION IN INFRARED: ALGORITHMS AND APPLIED SYSTEMS SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Infrared video; Vehicle classification; Scale space; Histogram of orientations; Multinomial pattern matching; Multilook fusion; Sequential probability ratio test; Surveillance; Unattended sensor system ID RECOGNITION; MOTION AB This chapter develops a multilook fusion approach for improving the performance of a single-look vehicle classification system for infrared video. Vehicle classification is a challenging problem since vehicles can take oil many different appearances and sizes due to their form and function and the viewing conditions. The low resolution of uncooled infrared video and the large variability of naturally occurring environmental conditions can make this ail even more difficult problem. Our single-look approach is based oil extracting a signature consisting of a histogram of gradient orientations from a set of regions covering the moving object. We use the multinomial pattern-matching algorithm to match the signature to a database of learned signatures. To combine the match scores of multiple signatures from a single tracked object, we use the sequential probability ratio test. Using infrared data, we show excellent classification performance, with low expected error rates, when using at least 25 looks. C1 [Koch, Mark W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Sensor Exploitat & Applicat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Malone, Kevin T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Syst Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koch, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Sensor Exploitat & Applicat Dept, POB 5800,MS 1163, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwkoch@sandia.gov; ktmalon@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-1-84800-276-0 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2009 BP 63 EP 84 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-277-7_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-84800-277-7 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJW53 UT WOS:000267311900004 ER PT J AU Grus, WE Graves, GR Glenn, TC AF Grus, Wendy E. Graves, Gary R. Glenn, Travis C. TI GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION OF BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLERS (DENDROICA CAERULESCENS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Mountains; Black-throated Blue Warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; genetic structure; glaciation; mitochondrial DNA; plumage color; stable isotopes ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MIGRATORY DIVIDE; GENETIC-BASIS; PHYLLOSCOPUS-TROCHILUS; HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY; POPULATION-GROWTH; DNA POLYMORPHISM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WILLOW WARBLERS AB We investigated the genetic population structure of the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), a Nearctic-Neotropic migrant passerine that breeds in cool mixed deciduous-coniferous forests in eastern North America. A cline in plumage color in breeding populations in the central Appalachian Mountains suggests either a contact zone between two formerly allopatric populations or the presence of a strong contemporary selection gradient. Analysis of 333 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region from 287 individuals sampled from 14 populations revealed relatively high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and limited but significant phylogeographic structure across the breeding range (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], variation among populations = 2.7%; P < 0.01) and between northern and southern population groups (AMOVA, variation among groups = 2.9%; P < 0.01). Genetic differentiation among populations did not conform to an isolation-by-distance model. Nucleotide diversity was generally highest in the central Appalachians and lower in geographically peripheral populations. Populations from the northwestern periphery of the breeding range in Michigan had the lowest haplotype diversity and were genetically distinct from populations in the southern Appalachians. The star-shaped haplotype network, extensive sharing of common haplotypes among populations, and the haphazard distribution of rare haplotypes are most likely attributable to the combined effects of postglacial expansion from a single refugium (12,000-84,000 years ago) and long-distance dispersal events. The existence of a cline in plumage color, in the face of inferred recent gene flow, suggests that a strong selection gradient is operating, perhaps related to the migratory divide postulated from stable-isotope data. C1 [Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Grus, Wendy E.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Graves, GR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 116, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gravesg@si.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU Alexander Wetmore Fund; Research Opportunities Fund; Biodiversity Surveys and Inventory Program of the National Museum of Natural History; Scholarly Studies Program; Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center; National Science Foundation [9732138]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC-09-96SR18546, DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We thank P. Angle, J. Dean, C. Dove, C. Gebhard, C. Milensky, J. Ososky, A. Ross, and B. Schmidt for preparing specimens and several anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Scientific licenses to sample populations were issued by the Canadian Wildlife Service (Atlantic and Ontario Region), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. M. Schable and C. Outz helped in laboratory analyses. Funding was provided by the Alexander Wetmore Fund, the Research Opportunities Fund, the Biodiversity Surveys and Inventory Program of the National Museum of Natural History, the Scholarly Studies Program, the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center (all Smithsonian Institution), National Science Foundation Award 9732138 to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Research Experience for Undergraduates program, and U.S. Department of Energy (contract numbers DE-FC-09-96SR18546 and DE-FC09-07SR22506) to the University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. For detailed laboratory protocols, see http://www.uga.edu/srel/DNA_Lab/protocols.htm. ARLEQUIN is available at lgb.unige.ch/arlequin/. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.07159 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 409EJ UT WOS:000263488700021 ER PT J AU Moore, EG D'Aleo, A Xu, JD Raymond, KN AF Moore, Evan G. D'Aleo, Anthony Xu, Jide Raymond, Kenneth N. TI Eu-III Complexes of Octadentate 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinones: Stability and Improved Photophysical Performance SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENT LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; IMAGING MICROSCOPY; EUROPIUM COMPLEX; WATER-MOLECULES; IONS; EU(III); LIGAND; AGENTS; SENSITIZATION; LIFETIME AB The luminescence properties of lanthanoid ions can be dramatically enhanced by coupling them to antenna ligands that absorb light in the UV-visible and then efficiently transfer the energy to the lanthanoid centre. The synthesis and the complexation of Ln(III) cations (Ln = Eu, Gd) for a ligand based on four 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO) chelators appended to a ligand backbone derived by linking two L-lysine units (3LI-bis-LYS) is described. This octadentate Eu-III complex ([Eu(3LI-bis-LYS-1,2-HOPO)](-)) has been evaluated in terms of its thermodynamic stability, UV-visible absorption and luminescence properties. For this complex, the conditional stability constant (pM) is 19.9, which is an order of magnitude higher than diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid at pH = 7.4. This Eu-III complex also shows an almost two-fold increase in its luminescence quantum yield in aqueous solution (pH = 7.4) when compared with other octadentate ligands. Hence, despite a slight decrease of the molar absorption coefficient, a much higher brightness is obtained for [Eu(3LI-bis-LYS-1,2-HOPO)](-). This overall improvement was achieved by saturating the coordination sphere of the Eu-III cation, yielding an increased metal-centred efficiency by excluding solvent water molecules from the metal's inner sphere. C1 [Moore, Evan G.; D'Aleo, Anthony; Xu, Jide; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moore, Evan G.; D'Aleo, Anthony; Xu, Jide; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HL69832]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant HL69832) and supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This technology is licensed to Lumiphore, Inc. in which some of the authors have a financial interest. Professor Gilles Muller is thanked for access to the low-temperature time-resolved luminescence facilities. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2009 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1300 EP 1307 DI 10.1071/CH09314 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 505SU UT WOS:000270716600014 PM 20543961 ER PT J AU Crutsinger, GM Sanders, NJ Classen, AT AF Crutsinger, Gregory M. Sanders, Nathan J. Classen, Aimee T. TI Comparing intra- and inter-specific effects on litter decomposition in an old-field ecosystem SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Community genetics; Decomposition; Ecosystem functioning; Genotypic diversity; Nutrient cycling; Solidago altissima ID SOLIDAGO-ALTISSIMA ASTERACEAE; AFFECT NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; LEAF-LITTER; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; BIODIVERSITY; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN AB Plant species can differ in the quantity and quality of leaf litter they produce, and many studies have examined whether plant species diversity affects leaf-litter decomposition and nutrient release. A growing number of studies have indicated that intra-specific variation within plant species can also affect key ecosystem processes. However, the relative importance of intra- versus inter-specific variation for the functioning of ecosystems remains poorly known. Here, we investigate the effects of intra-specific variation in a dominant old-field plant species, tail goldenrod (Solidago altissima), and inter-specific variation among goldenrod species on litter quality, decomposition, and nitrogen (N) release. We found that the nutrient concentration of leaf litter varied among genotypes, which translated into similar to 50% difference in decomposition rates. Variation among other goldenrod species in decomposition rate was more than twice that of genetic variation within S. altissima. Furthermore, by manipulating litterbags to contain 1, 3, 6, or 9 genotypes, we found that S. altissima genotype identity had much stronger effects than did genotypic diversity on leaf-litter quality, decomposition, and N release. Taken together, these results suggest that the order of ecological importance for controlling leaf-litter decomposition and N release dynamics is plant species identity >> genotype identity > genotypic diversity. (C) 2009 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Crutsinger, Gregory M.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Classen, Aimee T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Classen, Aimee T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Crutsinger, GM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gcrutsin@utk.edu RI Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; EPA STAR fellowship; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-02ER63366, DE-AC05-000R22725] FX We thank M. Madritch for help with the experimental design. K. Crawford, M. Genung, M. Habenicht, J. Ledford, and L. Zachmann provided help with field and laboratory work. J. Schweitzer and D. Wardle provided helpful comments on the manuscript. G.M.C. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and an EPA STAR fellowship. Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program (Grant no. DE-FG02-02ER63366 to the University of Tennessee) supported some of the work on this project. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2008.10.011 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507EN UT WOS:000270834400006 ER PT J AU Rabinovici, GD Jagust, WJ AF Rabinovici, G. D. Jagust, W. J. TI Amyloid imaging in aging and dementia: Testing the amyloid hypothesis in vivo SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Amyloid imaging; PET; PIB; beta-amyloid; brain aging; MCI; Alzheimer's disease ID PITTSBURGH-COMPOUND-B; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NONDEMENTED INDIVIDUALS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; C-11-PIB PET; PIB BINDING AB Amyloid imaging represents a major advance in neuroscience, enabling the detection and quantification of pathologic protein aggregations in the brain. In this review we survey current amyloid imaging techniques, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)carbon-labelled Pittsburgh Compound-B ((11)C-PIB), the most extensively studied and best validated tracer. PIB binds specifically to fibrillar beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits, and is a sensitive marker for A beta pathology in cognitively normal older individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). PIB-PET provides us with a powerful tool to examine in vivo the relationship between amyloid deposition, clinical symptoms, and structural and functional brain changes in the continuum between normal aging and AD. Amyloid imaging studies support a model in which amyloid deposition is an early event on the path to dementia, beginning insidiously in cognitively normal individuals, and accompanied by subtle cognitive decline and functional and structural brain changes suggestive of incipient AD. As patients progress to dementia, clinical decline and neurodegeneration accelerate and proceed independently of amyloid accumulation. In the future, amyloid imaging is likely to supplement clinical evaluation in selecting patients for anti-amyloid therapies, while MRI and FDG-PET may be more appropriate markers of clinical progression. C1 [Rabinovici, G. D.; Jagust, W. J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Rabinovici, G. D.; Jagust, W. J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Rabinovici, G. D.; Jagust, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rabinovici, G. D.; Jagust, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rabinovici, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Memory & Aging Ctr, 350 Parnassus Ave,Suite 905, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM grabinovici@memory.ucsf.edu FU National Institute on Aging [K23-AG031861, AG027859, P01-AG1972403, P50-AG023501]; Alzheimer's Association [NIRG-07-59422, ZEN 08-87090]; John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation FX GDR is supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) K23-AG031861, Alzheimer's Association NIRG-07-59422 and the John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation. The original research presented in this manuscript was supported by NIA grants AG027859, P01-AG1972403 and P50-AG023501 and by Alzheimer's Association ZEN 08-87090. NR 103 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 24 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0953-4180 J9 BEHAV NEUROL JI Behav. Neurol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.3233/BEN-2009-0232 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 525FZ UT WOS:000272201300012 PM 19847050 ER PT B AU Brisson, MJ AF Brisson, Michael J. BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Overview of Beryllium Sampling and Analysis Occupational Hygiene and Environmental Applications SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUNG-CANCER; DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; EXPOSURE; FACILITY; WORKERS; FIELD; RISK AB Because of its unique properties as a lightweight metal with high tensile strength, beryllium is widely used in applications including cell phones, golf clubs, aerospace, and nuclear weapons. Beryllium is also encountered in industries such as aluminium manufacturing, and in environmental remediation projects. Workplace exposure to beryllium particulates is a growing concern, as exposure to minute quantities of anthropogenic forms of beryllium may lead to sensitization and to chronic beryllium disease, which can be fatal and for which no cure is currently known. Furthermore, there is no known exposure-response relationship with which to establish a "safe" maximum level of beryllium exposure. As a result, the current trend is toward ever lower occupational exposure limits, which in turn make exposure assessment, both in terms of sampling and analysis, more challenging. The problems are exacerbated by difficulties in sample preparation for refractory forms of beryllium, such as beryllium oxide, and by indications that some beryllium forms may be more toxic than others. This chapter provides an overview of sources and uses of beryllium, health risks, and occupational exposure limits. It also provides a general overview of sampling, analysis, and data evaluation issues that will be explored in greater depth in the remaining chapters. The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive resource to aid personnel in a wide variety of disciplines in selecting sampling and analysis methods that will facilitate informed decision-making in workplace and environmental settings. C1 Savannah River Nucl Solut, Analyt Labs, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Brisson, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, Analyt Labs, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00001 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200001 ER PT B AU Rondeau, GL AF Rondeau, Glenn L. BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Surface Sampling Successful Surface Sampling for Beryllium SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCREENING-TEST METHODS; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; FLUORESCENCE METHOD; TRACE BERYLLIUM; COLLECTION; EXTRACTION; SOILS; DUST AB Accurate surface sampling depends on comprehensive and precise pre-planning that quantifies what will be accomplished, when it is to be done, how it is to be done, and who will do it. Careful attention to detail and thorough documentation at each step of the process is critical to achieving accurate and defensible results. This chapter explores each of these important successful sampling elements. C1 Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rondeau, GL (reprint author), Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 68 EP 88 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00068 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200003 ER PT B AU McCleskey, TM AF McCleskey, T. Mark BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Heating Sources for Beryllium Sample Preparation Applications in Occupational and Environmental Hygiene SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE METHOD; TRACE BERYLLIUM; AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE; MICROWAVE DIGESTION; DISSOLUTION RATES; SOILS; LEAD; CHEMISTRY AB There are several forms of beryllium that may be encountered in sampling including beryllium metal, beryllium oxide, and beryllium fluoride, its well as complex beryllium aluminates and silicates in ores. The dissolution of refractory materials often requires aggressive reagents. In order to enhance the kinetics of the dissolution process further, some type of heating is employed in most methods. Heating can accomplished using a hotplate, a furnace, microwave energy, or sonication. Heating can also be performed in an open vented vessel as in the case of fuming acid, or a pressurized container as in the case of pressurized microwave digestions. In this chapter, we discuss the different heating techniques that have been employed for soils and industrial hygiene samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 102 EP 112 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200005 ER PT B AU Archuleta, MM Duran, B AF Archuleta, Melecita M. Duran, Brandy BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Beryllium Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Applications in Occupational and Environmental Hygiene SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A variety of analysis methods have been developed for the identification and quantitative analysis of beryllium and beryllium compounds. The current state-of-the-art for most metal analysis and, in particular beryllium analysis, is inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [also known as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This chapter provides an overview of ICP-AES and ICP-MS as they relate to the identification and quantitative analysis of metals and in particular beryllium. Issues discussed include: instrumentation available; interferences such as spectral, matrix, and physical interferents; and specific considerations when working with beryllium. C1 [Archuleta, Melecita M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Duran, Brandy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Archuleta, MM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS,0871, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 113 EP 130 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00113 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200006 ER PT B AU Agrawal, A Ekechukwu, A AF Agrawal, Anoop Ekechukwu, Amy BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Beryllium Analysis by Non-Plasma Based Methods SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHROME AZUROL-S; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; TRACE BERYLLIUM; SELECTIVE DETERMINATION; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; FLUORESCENCE METHOD; MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE; NATURAL-WATERS; BE2+ ION; PRECONCENTRATION AB This chapter provides an overview of beryllium analysis methods other than plasma spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or mass spectrometry). The basic methods, detection limits and interferences are described. Specific applications from the literature are also presented. C1 [Agrawal, Anoop] AJJER LLC, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Ekechukwu, Amy] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), AJJER LLC, 4541 E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00131 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200007 ER PT B AU Braybrooke, G Wambach, PF AF Braybrooke, Geoffrey Wambach, Paul F. BE Brisson, MJ Ekechukwu, AA TI Applications, Future Tends, and Opportunities SO BERYLLIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; BERYLLIUM; EXPOSURE; WORKERS AB Currently beryllium exposure monitoring uses measurement technology developed for metals in general. The very low levels that beryllium exposure control programs are attempting to achieve are leading to innovative analytical methods and could drive innovative exposure monitoring strategies as well. Current strategies generally aim to use air monitoring results for two purposes: 1) to estimate individuals' actual exposures and 2) understand the causes and sources of exposure. This strategy dictates collecting samples from small air volumes. The samples need to be collected from workers breathing zones with wearable monitors to reflect the workers actual exposure and the duration of sampling is limited to a single work shift or shorter periods so that the results can be related to jobs or tasks that are the likely cause of the exposure. Strategies that accomplish these two goals with separate measurements might allow for larger air volumes or more sensitive particle counting instruments. Beryllium risk management also utilizes surface sampling to understand the distribution of contamination and to determine whether skin protection is effective. Recent developments in dermal monitoring are beginning to be used for beryllium exposure control as well. Surface wipe sampling methods developed as a quality check for cleaning are proving to be less well suited for characterization of surfaces with settled dust. Vacuum sampling may be better suited for this problem if agreed-upon methods for interpretation can be reached. Technology that could be used for point-and-shoot instruments has been demonstrated but would require significant investment to develop. C1 [Braybrooke, Geoffrey] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, IH Field Serv Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Wambach, Paul F.] US DOE, Off Worker Safety & Hlth Policy, Washington, DC 20505 USA. RP Braybrooke, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, IH Field Serv Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-903-6 PY 2009 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1039/9781847559678-00182 D2 10.1039/9781847559678 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLH76 UT WOS:000270202200009 ER PT B AU Carrigan, RA AF Carrigan, R. A., Jr. BE Meech, KJ Keane, JV Mumma, MJ Siefert, JL Werthimer, DJ TI Progress on IRAS-based Whole-Sky Dyson Sphere Search SO BIOASTRONOMY 2007: MOLECULES, MICROBES, AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bioastronomy CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL San Juan, PR AB A Dyson Sphere (DS) is a hypothetical construct of a star purposely shrouded by a thick swarm of broken-up planetary material to better utilize all of the stellar energy. A clean DS identification would give a signature for intelligence at work elsewhere in the galaxy. A comprehensive search for Dyson Spheres has been carried out using the IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer data base. Only a few candidates have been found and even these are not compelling. This search imposes a significant constraint on one class of astroengineering projects since the IRAS search had enough sensitivity to see an infrared object with the power output of the sun out to 400 pc. This reach encompasses a region that contains more than a million solar type stars. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carrigan, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-720-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 420 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL38 UT WOS:000281244800058 ER PT J AU Nunomura, W Parra, M Hebiguchi, M Sawada, K Mohandas, N Takakuwa, Y AF Nunomura, Wataru Parra, Marilyn Hebiguchi, Miwa Sawada, Ken-Ichi Mohandas, Narla Takakuwa, Yuichi TI Marked difference in membrane-protein-binding properties of the two isoforms of protein 4.1R expressed at early and late stages of erythroid differentiation SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE band 3; calmodulin; glycophorin C; protein 4.1R isoform ID TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; GLYCOPHORIN-C; CALMODULIN; DOMAIN; MODULATION; CALCIUM; SKELETON; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Two major isoforms of protein 4.1R, a 135 kDa isoform (4.1R(135)) and all 80 kDa isoform (4.1R(80)), are expressed at distinct stages of terminal erythroid differentiation. The 4.1R(135) isoform is exclusively expressed in early erythroblasts and is not present in mature erythrocytes, whereas the 4.1R(80) isoform is expressed at late stages of erythroid differentiation and is the principal component of mature erythrocytes. These two isoforms differ in that the 4.1R(135) isoform includes an additional 209 amino acids designated as the HP (head-piece) at the N-terminus of 4.1R(80). In the present study, we performed detailed characterization of the interactions of the two 4.1R isoforms with various membrane-binding partners and identified several isoform-specific differences. Although both 4.1R(135) and 4.1R(80) bound to cytoplasmic domains of GIPC (glycophorin Q and band 3, there is an order of magnitude difference ill the binding affinities. Furthermore, although both isoforms bound CaM (calmodulin), the binding of 4.1R(80) was Ca(2+)-independent, whereas the binding of 4.1R(135) was strongly Ca(2+)-dependent. The HP of 4.1R(135) mediates this Ca(2+)-dependent binding. Ca(2+)-saturated CaM completely inhibited the binding of 4.1R(135) to GPC, whereas it strongly reduced the affinity of its binding to band 3. Interestingly, in spite of the absence of spectrin-binding activity, the 4.1R(135) isoform was able to assemble on to the membrane of early erythroblasts suggesting that its ability to bind to membrane proteins is sufficient for its membrane localization. These findings enable us to offer potential new insights into the differential contribution of 4.1 R isoforms to membrane assembly during terminal erythroid differentiation. C1 [Nunomura, Wataru; Takakuwa, Yuichi] Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Tokyo 1628666, Japan. [Parra, Marilyn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Cell & Mol Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hebiguchi, Miwa; Sawada, Ken-Ichi] Akita Univ, Sch Med, Akita 0108543, Japan. [Mohandas, Narla] New York Blood Ctr, Lab Red Cell Physiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Takakuwa, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Tokyo 1628666, Japan. EM takakuwa@research.twmu.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan [12680702, 155701231]; Center of Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports, and Culture of Japan [14370075, 17590978, 179250361]; National Institutes of Health [DK 26263, DK 320941] FX This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education Culture, Sport, Science and Technology of Japan [grant numbers 12680702, 155701231 (to W. N,); the Center of Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports, and Culture of Japan [grant numbers 14370075, 17590978, 179250361 (to K.-I.S.); and the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers DK 26263, DK 320941 (to N.M.). NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 417 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1042/BJ20081372 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 391JX UT WOS:000262230700014 PM 18691159 ER PT J AU Goksu, EI Vanegas, JM Blanchette, CD Lin, WC Longo, ML AF Goksu, Emel I. Vanegas, Juan M. Blanchette, Craig D. Lin, Wan-Chen Longo, Marjorie L. TI AFM for structure and dynamics of biomembranes SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Review DE Atomic force microscopy; Supported lipid bilayer; Vesicle rupture; Lipid domain; General anesthetic; Membrane protein ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; GANGLIOSIDE GM1 DOMAINS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MEMBRANE DOMAINS; VESICLE FUSION; PLANAR BILAYER; LINE TENSION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS AB We review structure and dynamic measurements of biomembranes by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We focus mainly on studies involving supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), particularly formation by vesicle rupture on flat and corrugated surfaces, nucleation and growth of domains in phase-separated systems, anesthetic-lipid interactions, and protein/peptide interactions in multicomponent systems. We show that carefully designed experiments along with real-time AFM imaging with superior lateral and z resolution (0.1 nm) have revealed quantitative details of the mechanisms and factors controlling vesicle rupture, domain shape and size, phase transformations, and some model biological interactions. The AFM tip can also be used as a mechanical transducer and incorporated in electrochemical measurements of membrane components; therefore, we touch on these important applications in both model and cell membranes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goksu, Emel I.; Lin, Wan-Chen; Longo, Marjorie L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vanegas, Juan M.; Lin, Wan-Chen; Longo, Marjorie L.] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Blanchette, Craig D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biophys & Interfacial Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Longo, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mllongo@ucdavis.edu RI Lin, Wan-Chen/A-4348-2009; Vanegas, Juan/H-1408-2012 FU USDA [2007-02140]; NSF NIRT Program [CHE 0210807, CBET 0506602]; NSF MRSEC Program CPIMA [NSF DMR 0213618] FX We acknowledge funding by the USDA (2007-02140), NSF NIRT Program (CHE 0210807 and CBET 0506602) and the NSF MRSEC Program CPIMA (NSF DMR 0213618). This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 153 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 1788 IS 1 BP 254 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.08.021 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 401PF UT WOS:000262952900024 PM 18822269 ER PT S AU Sokhansanj, S Hess, JR AF Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine Hess, J. Richard BE Mielenz, JR TI Biomass Supply Logistics and Infrastructure SO BIOFUELS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Feedstock; Biomass; Bioenergy; Logistics; Supply chain; Equipment; Storage; Transport; Pelletizing ID CORN STOVER; MODEL; REMOVAL; MOISTURE; SYSTEMS; STRAW; IBSAL; GRAIN; HAY AB Feedstock supply system encompasses numerous unit operations necessary to Move lignocellulosic feedstock from the place where it is produced (in the field or on the stump) to the start of the conversion process (reactor throat) of the biorefinery. These unit operations, which include collection, storage, preprocessing, handling, and transportation, represent one of the largest technical and logistics challenges to the emerging lignocellulosic biorefining industry. This chapter briefly reviews the methods of estimating the quantities of biomass, followed by harvesting and collection processes based on current practices on handling wet and dry forage materials. Storage and queuing are used to deal with seasonal harvest times, variable yields, and delivery schedules. Preprocessing can be as simple as grinding and formatting the biomass for increased bulk density or improved conversion efficiency, or it can be as complex as improving feedstock quality through fractionation, tissue separation, drying, blending, and densification. Handling and transportation consists of using a variety of transport equipment (truck, train, ship) for moving the biomass from one point to another. The chapter also provides typical cost figures for harvest and processing of biomass. C1 [Sokhansanj, Shahabaddine] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hess, J. Richard] Idaho Natl Lab, Biofuels & Renewable Energy Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Sokhansanj, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-213-1 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2009 VL 581 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_1 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Energy & Fuels SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Energy & Fuels GA BMH10 UT WOS:000272323600001 PM 19768612 ER EF