FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z AF Liliental-Weber, Z. TI TEM studies of GaN layers grown in non-polar direction: Laterally overgrown and pendeo-epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductor CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Itaparica, BRAZIL DE basal and prismatic stacking faults; dislocations; TEM; MOCVD two-step growth; epitaxial lateral overgrowth; pendeo-epitaxy; non-polar GaN ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; R-PLANE SAPPHIRE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; THIN-FILMS; DIODES AB The formation of structural defects in GaN grown in non-polar directions is reviewed based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Stacking faults (SFs) formed on c-planes and also on prismatic planes bounded by partial dislocations, in addition to full dislocations, are major defects in these layers. Since c-planes are arranged perpendicular to the substrate, these defects propagate to the sample surface through the active areas of the devices and become detrimental for device applications. An established method to decrease the defect density is lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) and pende-oepitaxy. The measured density of SFs in the seed areas is similar to 1.3 x 10(6) cm(-1) and in the 'wing' areas similar to 1.2 X 10(4) cm(-1): a decrease of almost of two orders of magnitude. For overgrown samples, two opposite wings grow in opposite polar directions: [0 0 0 1] (Ga-growth polarity) and [0 0 0 (1) under bar] (N-gFowth polarity) confirmed by convergent beam electron diffraction. Ga-polar wings are wider and often have different height than those grown with N-polarity, therefore planarity of these layers and Cracking at the meeting front of two wings often occur. It is shown that two-step growth using MOCVD leads to satisfactory layer planarity. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM z_liliental-weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 17 BP 4011 EP 4015 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.06.016 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 356DS UT WOS:000259759500023 ER PT J AU Kim, DS Kim, YS Guiver, MD Pivovar, BS AF Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Yu Seung Guiver, Michael D. Pivovar, Bryan S. TI High performance nitrile copolymers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly(arylene ether ether nitrile)s; current density; MEA; proton conductivity; fuel cell ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; ETHER BENZONITRILE) COPOLYMERS; SULFONIC-ACID GROUPS; NAFION MEMBRANES; POLYSULFONE; NAPHTHALENE; SYSTEMS; STATE; WATER; DMFC AB This paper reports the fuel cells (DMFC and PEMFC) performance using sulfonated poly(arylene ether ether nitrile) (SPAEEN) copolymers containing sulfonic acid group arranged in structurally different ways. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated from SPAEEN containing 60 mol% of angled naphthalenesulfonic acid group (m-SPAEEN-60) had superior performance over those derived from pendent naphthalenesulfonic acid group (p-SPAEEN) or sulfonated hydroquinone (HQ-SPAEEN) in H-2/air and/or DMFC conditions. For example, the current density of the MEA using m-SPAEEN-60 at 0.5V and 2.0 M methanol was 250 mA/cm(2), whereas the current densities of the MEAs using p-SPAEEN-50 and HQ-SPAEEN-56 were 185 and 190 mA/cm2, respectively. In addition, compared with the sulfonated polysulfone (BPSH-35) and Nafion membranes, the copolymer containing nitrile group showed the improved cell performance. For example, the power density of the MEA using m-SPAEEN-60 at 250 mA/cm2 and 2.0 M methanol was 125 mW/cm(2), whereas the power densities of the MEAs using sulfonated polysulfone (BPSH-35) and Nafion were 115 and 113 mW/cm2, respectively. m-SPAEEN-60 showed stable cell performance during extended operation (>100 h). (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Dae Sik; Guiver, Michael D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Kim, Yu Seung; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guiver, MD (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM michael.guiver@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Guiver, Michael/I-3248-2016 OI Guiver, Michael/0000-0003-2619-6809 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.059 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 333QH UT WOS:000258166700010 ER PT J AU Henager, CH Schemer-Kohrn, AL Pitman, SG Senor, DJ Geelhood, KJ Painter, CL AF Henager, Charles H., Jr. Schemer-Kohrn, Alan L. Pitman, Stan G. Senor, David J. Geelhood, Kenneth J. Painter, Chad L. TI Pitting corrosion in CVD SiC at 300 degrees C in deoxygenated high-purity water SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING THIOSULFATE SOLUTION; DEPOSITED SILICON-CARBIDE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FUSION; VAPOR; DIFFUSION; OXIDATION; GLASS; COMPOSITES; CERAMICS AB SiC is a candidate for nuclear applications at elevated temperatures but has not been fully studied under typical light-water reactor operating conditions, such as moderate temperatures and high pressures. Coupons of high-purity chemical vapor deposited SiC were exposed to deoxygenated, pressurized water at 573 K and 10 MPa for up to 5400 h. Ceramographic examination of the exposed SiC surfaces revealed both embryonic and large, d > 300 pm, pits on the surface after initial exposure for 4000 h. The pits were characterized using scanning electron microscopy for structure and chemistry analysis. Pit densities were also determined by standard counting methods. The chemical analysis revealed that the pits are associated with the formation of silica and subsequent loss of Si, which is expected due to several suggested reactions between SiC and water. Subsequent exposure under nominally identical water chemistry conditions for an additional 1400 h removed the pits and the samples exhibited general corrosion with measurable loss of Si from the surface. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henager, Charles H., Jr.; Schemer-Kohrn, Alan L.; Pitman, Stan G.; Senor, David J.; Geelhood, Kenneth J.; Painter, Chad L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99336 USA. RP Henager, CH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99336 USA. EM chuck.henager@pnl.gov OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 FU US Department of Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX PNNL is operated for the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.03.025 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 339BQ UT WOS:000258553500003 ER PT J AU Porollo, SI Shulepin, SV Konobeev, YV Garner, FA AF Porollo, S. I. Shulepin, S. V. Konobeev, Yu. V. Garner, F. A. TI Influence of silicon on swelling and microstructure in Russian austenitic stainless steel EI-847 irradiated to high neutron doses SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VOID NUCLEATION; PHASE-STABILITY; ALLOYS; EVOLUTION; SI; CR; ADDITIONS; TITANIUM; IONS; TI AB Void swelling and microstructural development of niobium-stabilized EI-847 austenitic stainless steel with a range of silicon levels were investigated by destructive examination of fuel pin cladding irradiated in three fast reactors located in either Russia or Kazakhstan. The tendency of void swelling to be progressively reduced by increasing silicon concentration appears to be a very general phenomenon in this steel, whether observed in simple, single-variable experiments on well-defined materials or when observed in multivariable, time-dependent irradiations conducted on commercially produced steels over a wide range of irradiation temperatures, neutron spectra and dpa rates. The role of silicon on microstructural development is expressed both in the solid solution via its influence on dislocation and void microstructure and via its influence on formation of radiation-induced phases that in turn alter the matrix composition. Surprisingly, increases in silicon level in this study do not accelerate the formation of silicon-rich G-phase, but act to increase the formation of Nb (C,N) precipitates. Such precipitates are known to be associated with delayed void swelling. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Porollo, S. I.; Shulepin, S. V.; Konobeev, Yu. V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, State Sci Ctr Russian Fed, Obninsk, Russia. [Garner, F. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Porollo, SI (reprint author), Inst Phys & Power Engn, State Sci Ctr Russian Fed, Obninsk, Russia. FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [#07-02-01353, #07-08-13642 ofi-c]; US department of Energy; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC06-76RLO] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Projects #07-02-01353 and #07-08-13642 ofi-c. The participation of F. A. Garner was supported by the US department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.03.027 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 339BQ UT WOS:000258553500004 ER PT J AU Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG AF Surh, Michael P. Sturgeon, Jess B. Wolfer, Wilhelm G. TI Void nucleation, growth, and coalescence in irradiated metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; VACANCY CLUSTER EVOLUTION; NI-CR ALLOYS; GAS-BUBBLES; DOSE-RATE; STOCHASTIC COALESCENCE; SWELLING SUPPRESSION; COAGULATION EQUATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; POINT-DEFECTS AB A novel computational treatment of dense, stiff, coupled reaction rate equations is introduced to study the nucleation, growth, and possible coalescence of cavities during neutron irradiation of metals. Radiation damage is modeled by the creation of Frenkel pair defects and helium impurity atoms. A multidimensional cluster size distribution function allows independent evolution of the vacancy and helium content of cavities, distinguishing voids and bubbles. A model with sessile cavities and no cluster-cluster coalescence can result in a bimodal final cavity size distribution with coexistence of small, high-pressure bubbles and large, low-pressure voids. A model that includes unhindered cavity diffusion and coalescence ultimately removes the small helium bubbles from the system, leaving only large voids. The terminal void density is also reduced and the incubation period and terminal swelling rate can be greatly altered by cavity coalescence. Temperature-dependent trapping of voids/bubbles by precipitates and alterations in void surface diffusion from adsorbed impurities and internal gas pressure may give rise to intermediate swelling behavior through their effects on cavity mobility and coalescence. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Surh, Michael P.; Sturgeon, Jess B.; Wolfer, Wilhelm G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Surh, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM surhl@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. MPS acknowledges V.V. Bulatov for an early introduction to Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, e.g., Ref. [57]. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.05.009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 339BQ UT WOS:000258553500014 ER PT J AU Lee, CU Dadmun, MD AF Lee, Chang-Uk Dadmun, Mark D. TI Improving the dispersion and interfaces in polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposites by sample preparation choice SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; nanocomposites; processing ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; ROPES AB Polymer nanocomposites composed of poly(styrene-ran-vinyl phenol) (PSVPh) copolymers and 5 wt % multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by three different methods, including melt-mixing and precipitation. The MWNTs were either oxidized to incorporate oxygenated defects or utilized as received. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between MWNTs and PSVPh was quantified by infrared (IR). Our DMA results suggest that melt-mixing leads to more stable morphologies of the final nano-composites than precipitation. Additionally, the IR analysis of the nanocomposites indicates melt-mixing can result in the formation of more intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the MWNTs and PSVPh than precipitation, and thus suggests that melt-mixing leads to more reproducible mechanical properties than precipitation. Our DMA and IR results may provide guidelines to realize the desired morphologies and to improve the properties of polymer carbon nanotube nanocomposites by optimizing intermolecular interactions between MWNTs and polymers using processing. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Dadmun, Mark D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lee, Chang-Uk] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dadmun, Mark D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dad@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0241214, DMR-0706323]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was financially supported by National Science Foundation through grants DMR-0241214 and DMR-0706323 as well as by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 16 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1002/polb.21510 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 339UJ UT WOS:000258602500010 ER PT J AU Liu, KJ Luo, JH Johnson, C Liu, XB Yang, J Mao, SX AF Liu, Kejia Luo, Junhang Johnson, Chris Liu, Xingbo Yang, J. Mao, Scott X. TI Conducting oxide formation and mechanical endurance of potential solid-oxide fuel cell interconnects in coal syngas environment SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SOFC; metallic interconnects; spinel; oxides; metal dusting; high-temperature alloys ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHROMIUM; KINETICS; VAPOR AB The oxidation properties of potential SCFCs materials Crofer 22 APU, Ebrite and Haynes 230 exposed in coal syngas at 800 C for 100 h were studied. The phases and surface morphology of the oxide scales were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical endurance and electrical resistance of the conducting oxides were characterized by indentation and electrical impedance, respectively. It was found that the syngas exposure caused the alloys to form porous oxide scales, which increased the electrical resistant and decreased the mechanical stability. As for short-term exposure in syngas. neither carbide nor metal dusting was found in the scales of all samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Kejia; Luo, Junhang; Mao, Scott X.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Liu, Kejia; Yang, J.] Shanghai Inst Technol, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Chris] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Liu, Xingbo] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mao, SX (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM smao@engr.pitt.edu RI luo, Junhang/F-4352-2011 FU University of Pittsburgh [DE-AC26 -04NT41817]; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [P1502] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in University of Pittsburgh under contract #DE-AC26 -04NT41817. K. Liu was visiting scholar in University of Pittsburgh supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project with project number P1502. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 1 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 354SM UT WOS:000259659300033 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Chung, KY Nam, KW McBreen, J Wang, DY Huang, XJ Li, H Chen, LQ Yang, XQ AF Yoon, Won-Sub Chung, Kyung Yoon Nam, Kyung-Wan McBreen, James Wang, Deyu Huang, Xuejie Li, Hong Chen, Liquan Yang, Xiao-Qing TI Electronic structural changes of the electrochemically delithiated LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4 cathode material studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP CNRS DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4; lithium rechargeable batteries; XAS ID BATTERIES; MECHANISM; SYSTEM; EDGE; PHOSPHATES; LICOO2 AB In order to Study the electronic structure changes of the electrochemically delithiated Li1-xFe0.5Co0.5PO4 system, in situ Fe and Co K-edge XAS and ex situ P K-edge XAS have been carried Out during the first charging process. The Fe and Co K-edge XAS results showed that the major charge compensation at the metal sites during charge is achieved by the oxidation of Fe2+ ions at lower potential plateau (similar to 3.6V) and the oxidation of Co2+ ions at higher potential plateau (similar to 5.0V). The gradual shift of main edge features in P K-edge XANES spectra showed that P-O bonds become less covalent during delithiation, due to the increased covalency of Fe3+-O bonds via the inductive effect. From the observation of pre-edge peaks, it is Concluded that the electrochemical delithiation of Li1-xFePO4 result in the hybridization of P 3p states with the metal 3d states. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub; Nam, Kyung-Wan; McBreen, James; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chung, Kyung Yoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. [Wang, Deyu; Huang, Xuejie; Li, Hong; Chen, Liquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Lab Solid State Ion, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov RI Li, Hong/C-4643-2008; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; Deyu, Wang/J-9496-2014; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X; Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 1 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.05.030 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 354SM UT WOS:000259659300063 ER PT J AU Raghunathan, SL Dashwood, RJ Jackson, M Vogel, SC Dye, D AF Raghunathan, S. L. Dashwood, R. J. Jackson, M. Vogel, S. C. Dye, D. TI The evolution of microtexture and macrotexture during subtransus forging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction; plastic deformation; texture ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; HOT-WORKING; TEXTURE; TI-6AL-4V; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTOMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS; DETECTOR; HIPPO AB The macrotextures and microtextures produced during alpha+beta forging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al were characterised using neutron, in situ synchrotron X-ray and ex situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD analysis showed that the measured misorientation distributions at a strain of 0.8 and strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s(-1) were similar, with an average misorientation of 2.2 degrees. During forging, the moderate cube macrotexture inherited from the parent material was converted into a moderate fibre texture, with the major change occurring between strains of 0.4 and 0.6. The synchrotron diffraction studies allowed the orientation evolution of individual grains to be characterised. At the highest strain rate of 0.1 s(-1), this indicated a change in behaviour from dispersion of the crystal mosaic (peak angular spread) at low strains, to convergence of the crystal mosaic at larger strains. At lower strain rates, only convergence of the crystal mosaic was observed. It is suggested that these results indicate a change in mechanism between deformation-controlled behaviour during the early stages of deformation and a strain rate of 0.1 s(-1) and diffusional, recovery-controlled behaviour at lower strain rates and higher strains. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Raghunathan, S. L.; Dashwood, R. J.; Jackson, M.; Dye, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vogel, S. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dye, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM david.dye@imperial.ac.uk RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Dye, David/B-5603-2012; OI Dye, David/0000-0002-8756-3513; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361; Dashwood, Richard/0000-0001-5188-6022 FU EPSRC [GR/T26344/01]; US Department of Energy FX This work was funded by EPSRC under a DTA studentship awarded to SLR. Funding of the beamtime at HIPPO, LANSCE is provided by US Department of Energy. The group is also supported by EPSRC platform grant GR/T26344/01. We would like to thank Jeff Brooks at QinetiQ for material supply and Andy Gotz and Magnus Bostrom at ESRF for help with performing the diffraction experiments. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.059 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 343NH UT WOS:000258860300002 ER PT J AU Han, SI Melkote, SN Haluska, MS Watkins, TR AF Han, Sangil Melkote, Shreyes N. Haluska, Michael S. Watkins, Thomas R. TI White layer formation due to phase transformation in orthogonal machining of AISI 1045 annealed steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE white layer; orthogonal machining; workpiece surface temperature; phase transformation ID TEMPERATURE RISE DISTRIBUTION; METAL-CUTTING PROCESS; TOOL-CHIP INTERFACE; FRICTIONAL HEAT-SOURCE; SURFACE INTEGRITY; WEAR; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS AB It is commonly believed that the white layer formed during machining of steels is caused primarily by a thermally induced phase transformation resulting from rapid heating and quenching. As a result, it is often assumed that if the temperature at the tool flank-workpiece interface exceeds the nominal phase transformation temperature for the steel, a white layer forms. However, no attempt has been made to actually measure the temperatures produced at the tool flank-workpiece interface and correlate it with microstructural evidence of phase transformation. This paper aims to address these limitations through suitably designed experiments and analysis. Orthogonal machining tests were performed on AN 1045 annealed steel at different cutting speeds and tool flank wear. During machining, temperature measurements at the tool flank-workpiece interface were made using an exposed thermocouple technique. Metallographic studies of the machined sub-surface and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to determine the presence and depth of white layer, and the presence of the retained austenite phase in the machined surface layer, respectively. Analysis of the data shows that the white layer can form due to phase transformation at temperatures below the nominal austenitization temperature of the steel. Possible causes of this result are presented. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Sangil; Melkote, Shreyes N.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Haluska, Michael S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Watkins, Thomas R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Melkote, SN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM shreyes.melkote@me.gatech.edu RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 FU NIST ATP [70NANBOH3045]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The first two authors would like to acknowledge the support of the NIST ATP Award No. 70NANBOH3045 and are also grateful to the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. This research was sponsored in part by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.081 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 343NH UT WOS:000258860300025 ER PT J AU Chang, L Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Ernst, T Telang, F Logan, J Fowler, JS AF Chang, Linda Wang, Gene-Jack Volkow, Nora D. Ernst, Thomas Telang, Frank Logan, Jean Fowler, Joanna S. TI Decreased brain dopamine transporters are related to cognitive deficits in HIV patients with or without cocaine abuse SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE dopamine; HIV; cognition; dementia; PET; transporters ID AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; INFECTION; IMPAIRMENT; AGE; DEGENERATION; ASSOCIATION; METABOLISM; MORPHOLOGY; SYMPTOMS AB Objective: Decreased dopamine transporters (DAT) in the basal ganglia were shown in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated dementia. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between striatal DAT and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) availability and cognitive performance, and whether cocaine abuse, a common co-morbid condition in HIV patients, would be associated with further decreases in DAT and D2 receptors. Methods: 35 HIV-positive subjects [24 without (HIV) and 11 with a history of cocaine-dependence (HIV+Coc)] and 14 seronegative controls (SN) were evaluated with PET to measure DAT using [C-11]cocaine and D2R using [C-11]raclopride (availability of DAT or D2R estimated with Bmax/Kd), and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: Compared to SN controls, both HIV subject groups had lower DAT in putamen (HIV+Coc: - 16.7%, p = 0.003; HIV: - 12.2%, p = 0.02) and only HIV+Coc showed lower DAT in caudate (- 12.2%, p = 0.04). Lower D2R in both regions of both HIV groups were accounted by the greater nicotine use. Lower DAT, but not D2R, in putamen and caudate were associated with poorer performance oil Multiple neuropsychological tests, corrected for the effects of age. education, intelligence, mood, and nicotine use. Furthermore, a structural equation model (SEM) indicated that lower average dopamine function (both DAT and D2R) were related to poorer overall function oil neuropsychological tests (p = 0.05). Interpretation: Reduced dopaminergic function may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients with or without additional cocaine abuse. These findings suggest that these HIV patients may benefit from treatments that enhance dopamine function OF protection from dopamine cell injury. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Linda; Ernst, Thomas] Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, John A Burns Sch Med, Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Wang, Gene-Jack; Telang, Frank; Logan, Jean; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Gene-Jack; Telang, Frank; Logan, Jean; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIAAA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chang, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, John A Burns Sch Med, Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM LChang@hawaii.edu OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-76CH00016]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA K24-DA16170, K02-DA16991] FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and support by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-AC02-76CH00016) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA K24-DA16170: K02-DA16991). We thank David Schlyer and Michael Schueller for Cyclotron operations; Donald Warner and David Alexoff for PET operations; Richard Ferried, Colleen Shea, Youwen Xu, Victor Garza and Payton King for radiotracer preparation and analysis; Dana Carasig, Lisa Zimmerman and Naomi Pappas for subject recruitment, Noelwah Netusil, Pauline Carter and Millard Jayne for nursing support, Chris Wang, Xuena Wang and Caroline Jiang for data management and analyses. We also thank Dr. Jack Fuhrer (SUNY-Stony Brook Medical Center) for HIV subject referrals, and we are especially grateful to the research participants in this study. None of the authors has any competing interests. NR 43 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.011 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 341DU UT WOS:000258695200042 PM 18579413 ER PT J AU Pan, YX Liu, GK AF Pan, Y. X. Liu, G. K. TI Enhancement of phosphor efficiency via composition modification SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; MN4+ AB The luminescence efficiency of Mn4+-doped CaAl12O19 (Mn:CAO) is significantly improved by composition modification. The leading mechanism that quenches the Mn4+ photoluminescence is the formation of Mn4+ pairs in the lattice of CaAl12O19 (CAO) with interstitial O2- for charge compensation. Mixing Mg2+ ions into the CAO lattice may form Mn4+-Mg2+ pairs and reduce the number of Mn4+ pairs, thus enhancing the Mn4+ luminescence efficiency by more than three times. It is shown that the presence of Mg2+ leads to formation of additional phases that also affect the optical properties of Mn4+. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Pan, Y. X.; Liu, G. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work performed at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 1816 EP 1818 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001816 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347BH UT WOS:000259113300014 PM 18709097 ER PT J AU Rushford, MC Britten, JA Barty, CPJ Jitsuno, T Kondo, K Miyanaga, N Tanaka, KA Kodama, R Xu, G AF Rushford, Michael C. Britten, Jerald A. Barty, Christopher P. J. Jitsuno, Takahisa Kondo, Kiminori Miyanaga, Noriaki Tanaka, Kazuo A. Kodama, Ryosuke Xu, Guang TI Split-aperture laser pulse compressor design tolerant to alignment and line-density differences SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY-GRATING COMPRESSOR AB We introduce a four-pass laser pulse compressor design based on two grating apertures with two gratings per aperture that is tolerant to some alignment errors and, importantly,. to grating-to-grating period variations. Each half-beam samples each grating in a diamond-shaped compressor that is symmetric about a central bisecting plane. For any given grating, the two half-beams impinge on opposite sides of its surface normal. It is shown that the two split beams have no pointing difference from paired gratings with different periods. Furthermore, no phase shift between half-beams is incurred as long as the planes containing a grating line and the surface normal for each grating of the pair are parallel. For grating pairs satisfying this condition, gratings surfaces need not be on the same plane, as changes in the gap between the two can compensate to bring the beams back in phase. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Rushford, Michael C.; Britten, Jerald A.; Barty, Christopher P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jitsuno, Takahisa; Kondo, Kiminori; Miyanaga, Noriaki; Tanaka, Kazuo A.; Kodama, Ryosuke; Xu, Guang] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Kondo, Kiminori; Tanaka, Kazuo A.; Kodama, Ryosuke] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Rushford, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rushford1@llnl.gov RI Miyanaga, Noriaki/F-1340-2015; Jitsuno, Takahisa/M-6056-2015; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 OI Miyanaga, Noriaki/0000-0002-9902-5392; FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. G. Xu acknowledges the support by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, core to core university program 15 A: Study of Ultrahigh Density Plasma operated by National Institute of Fusion Science. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 1902 EP 1904 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001902 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347BH UT WOS:000259113300043 PM 18709127 ER PT J AU Eliasson, V Henshaw, WD Appelo, D AF Eliasson, Veronica Henshaw, William D. Appeloe, Daniel TI On cylindrically converging shock waves shaped by obstacles SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE converging shock; Mach reflection; regular reflection; adaptive mesh refinement; overlapping structured grids ID OVERLAPPING GRIDS; FLOW AB Motivated by recent experiments, numerical simulations of cylindrically converging shock waves were performed. The converging shocks impinged upon a set of 0-16 regularly space obstacles. For more than two obstacles the resulting diffracted shock fronts formed polygonal shaped patterns near the point of focus. The maximum pressure and temperature as a function of the number of obstacles were studied. The self-similar behavior of cylindrical, triangular and square-shaped shocks was also investigated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eliasson, Veronica] Royal Inst Technol, KTH Mech, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Eliasson, Veronica] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Henshaw, William D.; Appeloe, Daniel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Eliasson, V (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, KTH Mech, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM veronica@mech.kth.se RI Eliasson, Veronica/C-3318-2011 FU KTH Mechanics, Stiftelsens Bengt Ingestroms Stipendiefond and Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse; U.S. Department of Energy by University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX V.E. thanks Professor A.J. Szeri at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley, for hosting her visit and providing computational resources. VE. was supported by KTH Mechanics, Stiftelsens Bengt Ingestroms Stipendiefond and Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse. The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Professor D.W. Schwendeman.; The third author's work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 237 IS 14-17 BP 2203 EP 2209 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2007.11.021 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 338KZ UT WOS:000258508000053 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Bednar, P Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T De Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Genser, K Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giakoumopolou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U Da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Koay, SA Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Vre, RL Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Luci, C Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moed, S Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thompson, GA Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S Van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner-Kuhr, J Wagner, W Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Adelman, J. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Gonzalez, B. Alvarez Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Bednar, P. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Dagenhart, D. Datta, M. Davies, T. De Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Donati, S. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Ferrazza, C. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Forrester, S. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for pair production of scalar top quarks decaying to a tau lepton and a b quark in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORDINARY ENERGIES; HADRON COLLIDERS; SUPERSYMMETRY; LEPTOQUARKS; SUPERGRAVITY; PHYSICS; MASSES; MODEL AB We search for pair production of supersymmetric top quarks((t) over tilde (1)), followed by R-parity violating decay (t) over tilde (1)->tau b with a branching ratio beta, using 322 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1: 96 TeV collected by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab. Two candidate events pass our final selection criteria, consistent with the standard model expectation. We set upper limits on the cross section sigma((t) over tilde (1)(t) over tilde (1)) x beta(2) as a function of the top-squark mass m((t) over tilde (1)). Assuming beta=1, we set a 95% confidence level limit m((t) over tilde (1)) > 153 GeV/c(2). 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Alvarez] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Gonzalez, O.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. [Warburton, A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Belloni, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Henderson, C.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Hsu, S. -C.; Lu, R. -S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012 OI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; FU U. S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, United Kingdom; nstitut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; European Community's Human Potential Programme; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, United Kingdom; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; the European Community's Human Potential Programme; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 071802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.071802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800012 PM 18764522 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, S Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I On, MB Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clutter, J Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M Da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K De Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Nendahl, SGR Newald, MWGR Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Kalk, JM Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Krop, D Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Leveque, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Ttig, PMR Magass, C Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Millet, T Mitrevski, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R 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TI Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions with the D0 detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MSSM; PHYSICS; SUPERSYMMETRY; MASSES AB We present a search for the production of neutral Higgs bosons phi decaying into tau(+)tau(-) final states in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1 fb(-1), were collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Limits on the production cross section times branching ratio are set. The results are interpreted in the minimal supersymmetric standard model yielding limits that are the most stringent to date at hadron colliders. C1 [Alexeev, G. D.; Alton, A.; Askew, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Piegaia, R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Barreto, J.; Da Motta, H.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Begalli, M.; Bezzubov, V. A.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont, France. Univ Grenoble 1, LPSC, CNRS, IN2P3,Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, CNRS, IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst NIKHEF, FOM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIJHEF, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bertram, Iain/0000-0003-4073-4941; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program; CFI; NSERC; WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom, and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP, and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program, CFI, NSERC, and WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); the Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS and CNSF (China); and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 071804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.071804 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800014 PM 18764524 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Aosman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K De Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Nendahl, SGR Newald, MWGR Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Korablev, VM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Krop, D Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurc, T Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Leveque, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Marttig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJO Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Polozov, MEPP Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rich, P Rieger, J Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Sorldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Hmer, RSR Strom, D Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Temple, J Tiller, B Tissandier, F Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R Van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vokac, P Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wenger, A Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Aosman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Biscarat, C. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. De Jong, S. J. De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. 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Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, P. A. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaushik, V. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Kirsch, M. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Korablev, V. M. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Krop, D. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurc, T. Kvita, J. Lacroix, F. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lellouch, J. Leveque, J. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Luna, R. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madaras, R. J. Marttig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. 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Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Sorldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Hmer, R. Stro R. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Tamburello, P. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. Van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. Van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA Do Collaboration TI Search for pair production of doubly charged Higgs bosons in the H(++)H(--)->mu(+)mu(+)mu(-)mu(-) final state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; LEPTON NUMBER; DETECTOR; VIOLATION AB We report the results of a search for pair production of doubly charged Higgs bosons via p (p) over bar -> H(++)H(--)X ->mu(+)mu(+)mu(-)mu(-)X at root s=1.96 TeV. We use a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb(-1) collected from 2002 to 2006 by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. In the absence of an excess above the standard model background, lower mass limits of M(H(L)(+/-+/-))> 150 GeV/c(2) and M(H(R)(+/-+/-))> 127 GeV/c(2) at 95% C.L. are set, respectively, for left-handed and right-handed doubly charged Higgs bosons assuming a 100% branching ratio into muons. C1 [Askew, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Rangel, M. S.; Zieminski, A.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Ranjan, K.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil. [Grenier, G.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Han, L.; Liu, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Avila, C.; Gomez, B.; Mendoza, L.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Hynek, V.; Kvita, J.; Soustruznik, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hubacek, Z.; Otec, R.; Simak, V.] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Konrath, J. -P.; Kupco, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hoeneisen, B.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Bandurin, D. V.; Cammin, J.; Gollub, N.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont, France. [Arnoud, Y.; Chevallier, F.; Crepe-Renaudin, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, LPSC, CNRS, IN2P3,Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Barfuss, A. -F.; Duperrin, A.; Kozelov, A. V.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, Marseille, France. [Calvet, S.; Duflot, L.; Gris, Ph.; Grivaz, J. -F.] Univ Paris 11, IN2P3, CNRS, LAL, Orsay, France. [Andrieu, B.; Bernardi, G.; Boehnlein, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. [Andrieu, B.; Bernhard, R.; Leflat, A.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. [Bassler, U.; Besancon, M.; Chakraborty, D.] CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. [Askew, A.; Bose, T.; Charles, F.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Kappler, S.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Shabalina, E.] Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Bose, T.; Chandra, A.; Charles, F.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Juste, A.; Kumar, A.; Leflat, A.; Ochando, C.; Ripp-Baudot, I.] Univ Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Biscarat, C.; Grenier, G.; Grohsjean, A.; Jonckheere, A.; Lebrun, P.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Biscarat, C.; Evdokimov, A.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Grenier, G.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.; Zatserklyaniy, A.] Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Bross, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Krop, D.; Meyer, A.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst NIKHEF, FOM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Mississippi, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Alton, A.; Askew, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016 OI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332 FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program; CFI; NSERC; WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom, and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP, and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program, CFI, NSERC, and WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS and CNSF (China); and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 071803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.071803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800013 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, 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S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Sciolla, G Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Lista, L Monorchio, D Onorato, G Sciacca, C Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Wang, WF Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Sekula, SJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Castelli, G Gagliardi, N Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Sanchez, PDA Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Calderini, G Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Sitt, S Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Carpinelli, M Cervelli, A Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Neri, 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Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Castelli, G. Gagliardi, N. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Sanchez, P. Del Amo Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Calderini, G. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. Hamon, O. Leruste, Ph. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Prendki, J. Sitt, S. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Manoni, E. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Carpinelli, M. Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Neri, M. Morganti N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Pegna, D. Lopes Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Anulli, F. Baracchini, E. Cavoto, G. Del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Renga, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Hartmann, T. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Wilson, F. F. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Esteve, L. Ganzhur, S. F. De Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. White, R. M. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Benitez, J. F. Bertsche, K. Cai, Y. Cenci, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Decker, F. J. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dunwoodie, W. Ecklund, S. Erickson, R. Field, R. C. Fisher, A. Fox, J. Gabareen, A. M. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Hast, C. Innes, W. R. Iverson, R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Kulikov, A. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Lindquist, B. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. Neal, H. Nelson, S. Novokhatski, A. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Ratcliff, B. N. Rivetta, C. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Seeman, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. VanWinkle, D. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. West, C. A. Wienands, U. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wittmer, W. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yan, Y. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Yocky, G. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Drummond, B. W. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Bianchi, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Choi, H. H. F. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Lewczuk, M. J. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Vuosalo, C. O. Wu, S. L. CA BaBar Collaboration TI Observation of the bottomonium ground state in the decay Upsilon(3S)->gamma eta(b) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION; QUARKONIUM; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS AB We report the results of a search for the bottomonium ground state eta(b)(1S) in the photon energy spectrum with a sample of (109 +/- 1) million of Upsilon(3S) recorded at the Upsilon(3S) energy with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory at SLAC. We observe a peak in the photon energy spectrum at E-gamma=921.2(-2.8)(+2.1)(stat)+/- 2.4(syst) MeV with a significance of 10 standard deviations. We interpret the observed peak as being due to monochromatic photons from the radiative transition Upsilon(3S)->gamma eta(b)(1S). This photon energy corresponds to an eta(b)(1S) mass of 9388.9(-2.3)(+3.1)(stat)+/- 2.7(syst) MeV/c(2). The hyperfine Upsilon(1S)-eta(b)(1S) mass splitting is 71.4(-3.1)(+2.3)(stat)+/- 2.7(syst) MeV/c(2). The branching fraction for this radiative Upsilon(3S) decay is estimated to be [4.8 +/- 0.5(stat)+/- 1.2(syst)]x10(-4). C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. Garra; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.] Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Cahn, R. N.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Lynch, G.; Osipenkov, I. L.; Ronan, M. 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[De Nardo, G.; Lista, L.; Monorchio, D.; Onorato, G.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Raven, G.; Snoek, H. L.] Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jessop, C. P.; Knoepfel, K. J.; LoSecco, J. M.; Wang, W. F.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Benelli, G.; Corwin, L. A.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Morris, J. P.; Rahimi, A. M.; Regensburger, J. J.; Sekula, S. J.; Wong, Q. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, N. L.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Igonkina, O.; Kolb, J. A.; Lu, M.; Rahmat, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Strube, J.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Castelli, G.; Gagliardi, N.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Sanchez, P. 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C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Ecklund, S.; Erickson, R.; Field, R. C.; Fisher, A.; Fox, J.; Gabareen, A. M.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Iverson, R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Kulikov, A.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; Novokhatski, A.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Rivetta, C.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Seeman, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; VanWinkle, D.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; West, C. A.; Wienands, U.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wittmer, W.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yan, Y.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Yocky, G.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.; Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. 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A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Chen, C.; Pan, B.; Band, H. R.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015 OI Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633 NR 22 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 071801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.071801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800011 ER PT J AU Batista, CD Ortiz, G Aligia, AA AF Batista, C. D. Ortiz, G. Aligia, A. A. TI Ferrotoroidic moment as a quantum geometric phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD CHAIN; POLARIZATION; LOCALIZATION; TRANSITIONS; STATE AB We present a geometric characterization of the ferrotoroidic moment tau in terms of a set of Abelian Berry phases. We also introduce a fundamental complex quantity z(mu nu), which provides an alternative way to calculate tau and its moments and is derived from the tensor T-mu nu=2 Sigma(j)r(j)(mu)S(j)(nu). This geometric framework defines a natural computational approach for density functional and many-body theories. C1 [Batista, C. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ortiz, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Aligia, A. A.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Aligia, A. A.] Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Batista, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 077203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.077203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800064 PM 18764574 ER PT J AU Chang, CW Okawa, D Garcia, H Majumdar, A Zettl, A AF Chang, C. W. Okawa, D. Garcia, H. Majumdar, A. Zettl, A. TI Breakdown of Fourier's law in nanotube thermal conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CONDUCTION; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; CARBON NANOTUBES; LATTICES; LENGTH AB We present experimental evidence that the room temperature thermal conductivity (kappa) of individual multiwalled carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes does not obey Fourier's empirical law of thermal conduction. Because of isotopic disorder, kappa's of carbon nanotubes and boron-nitride nanotubes show different length dependence behavior. Moreover, for these systems we find that Fourier's law is violated even when the phonon mean free path is much shorter than the sample length. C1 [Chang, C. W.; Okawa, D.; Garcia, H.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, C. W.; Majumdar, A.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, A.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chihwei@berkeley.edu; azettl@berkeley.edu RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0425914]; Office of Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, under Grant No. EEC-0425914. Support was also provided by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A. Z. gratefully acknowledges support from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. NR 26 TC 221 Z9 226 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 075903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.075903 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800045 PM 18764555 ER PT J AU de Florian, D Sassot, R Stratmann, M Vogelsang, W AF de Florian, Daniel Sassot, Rodolfo Stratmann, Marco Vogelsang, Werner TI Global analysis of helicity parton densities and their uncertainties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIONS; NUCLEON AB We present a new analysis of the helicity parton distributions of the nucleon. The analysis takes into account the available data from inclusive and semi-inclusive polarized deep inelastic scattering, as well as from polarized proton-proton (p-p) scattering at RHIC. For the first time, all theoretical calculations are performed fully at next-to-leading order (NLO) of perturbative QCD, using a method that allows incorporation of the NLO corrections in a very fast and efficient way in the analysis. We find evidence for a rather small gluon polarization in the nucleon, over a limited region of momentum fraction, and for interesting flavor patterns in the polarized sea. C1 [de Florian, Daniel; Sassot, Rodolfo] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Stratmann, Marco] RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Vogelsang, Werner] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP de Florian, D (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 1, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI de Florian, Daniel/B-6902-2011 OI de Florian, Daniel/0000-0002-3724-0695 FU CONICET; ANPCyT; UBACyT FX We thank E. C. Aschenauer, A. Bazilevsky, A. Deshpande, R. Fatemi, S. Kuhn, B. Surrow, and R. Thorne for communications. W. V. thanks the U. S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886). This work was supported by CONICET, ANPCyT, and UBACyT. NR 29 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 072001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.072001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800015 PM 18764525 ER PT J AU Donev, A Alder, BJ Garcia, AL AF Donev, Aleksandar Alder, Berni J. Garcia, Alejandro L. TI Stochastic hard-sphere dynamics for hydrodynamics of nonideal fluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; EQUATION-OF-STATE; ENSKOG EQUATION; MODELS; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM AB A novel stochastic fluid model is proposed with a nonideal structure factor consistent with compressibility, and adjustable transport coefficients. This stochastic hard-sphere dynamics (SHSD) algorithm is a modification of the direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm and has several computational advantages over event-driven hard-sphere molecular dynamics. Surprisingly, SHSD results in an equation of state and a pair correlation function identical to that of a deterministic Hamiltonian system of penetrable spheres interacting with linear core pair potentials. The fluctuating hydrodynamic behavior of the SHSD fluid is verified for the Brownian motion of a nanoparticle suspended in a compressible solvent. C1 [Donev, Aleksandar; Alder, Berni J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Garcia, Alejandro L.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Donev, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 075902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.075902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800044 PM 18764554 ER PT J AU Hua, J Xiao, ZL Imre, A Yu, SH Patel, U Ocola, LE Divan, R Koshelev, A Pearson, J Welp, U Kwok, WK AF Hua, J. Xiao, Z. L. Imre, A. Yu, S. H. Patel, U. Ocola, L. E. Divan, R. Koshelev, A. Pearson, J. Welp, U. Kwok, W. K. TI Magnetoresistance anisotropy of a one-dimensional superconducting niobium strip SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; NANOWIRES AB We investigated confinement effects on the resistive anisotropy of a superconducting niobium strip with a rectangular cross section. When its transverse dimensions are comparable to the superconducting coherence length, the angle dependent magnetoresistances at a fixed temperature can be scaled as R(theta,H)=R(H/H(c theta)) where H(c theta)=H(c0)(cos(2)theta+gamma(-2)sin(2)theta)(-1/2) is the angular dependent critical field, gamma is the width to thickness ratio, and H(c0) is the critical field in the thickness direction at theta=0 degrees. The results can be understood in terms of the anisotropic diamagnetic energy for a given field in a one-dimensional superconductor. C1 [Hua, J.; Xiao, Z. L.; Yu, S. H.; Patel, U.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Hua, J.; Xiao, Z. L.; Imre, A.; Yu, S. H.; Patel, U.; Koshelev, A.; Pearson, J.; Welp, U.; Kwok, W. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Imre, A.; Ocola, L. E.; Divan, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, ZL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/A-2912-2010; Patel, Umeshkumar/A-8643-2013; YU, SUHONG/G-7532-2015 OI Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/0000-0002-4271-1623; Patel, Umeshkumar/0000-0002-8259-1646; YU, SUHONG/0000-0003-2554-6520 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 077003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.077003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800058 PM 18764568 ER PT J AU Kemp, AJ Sentoku, Y Tabak, M AF Kemp, A. J. Sentoku, Y. Tabak, M. TI Hot-electron energy coupling in ultraintense laser-matter interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; IGNITION; LIGHT AB We investigate the hydrodynamic response of plasma gradients during the interaction with ultraintense energetic laser pulses, using kinetic particle simulations. Energetic laser pulses are capable of compressing preformed plasma gradients over short times while accelerating low-density plasma backwards. As light is absorbed on a steepened interface, hot-electron temperature and coupling efficiency drop below the ponderomotive scaling, and we are left with a new absorption mechanism that strongly relies on the electrostatic potential caused by low-density preformed plasma. We describe this process, explain electron spectra, and identify the parameter regime where strong compression occurs. Finally, we discuss the implications for fast ignition and other applications. C1 [Kemp, A. J.; Tabak, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sentoku, Y.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89577 USA. RP Kemp, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 075004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.075004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800037 PM 18764547 ER PT J AU Kietzmann, A Redmer, R Desjarlais, MP Mattsson, TR AF Kietzmann, Andre Redmer, Ronald Desjarlais, Michael P. Mattsson, Thomas R. TI Complex behavior of fluid lithium under extreme conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; PHASE; CONDUCTION; PRESSURE; METALS; GPA; CS; RB AB Lithium is a prototypical simple metal at standard conditions which is well described within the nearly free electron model. However, by changing the density towards expanded or compressed states, the electrical conductivity shows strong and partly unexpected variations. We have performed quantum molecular dynamics simulations for fluid lithium for a wide range of densities and temperatures in order to derive the equation of state, the electrical conductivity, and information about structural and electronic changes along the expansion or compression. Based on these results, we can give a consistent description of the electrical conductivity from the nonmetallic expanded fluid up to the degenerate electron liquid at high densities. C1 [Kietzmann, Andre; Redmer, Ronald] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Desjarlais, Michael P.; Mattsson, Thomas R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kietzmann, A (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009; Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 652]; High Performance Supercomputing Center North (HLRN) [mvp00006]; nited States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank M. Bastea, S. A. Bonev, V. E. Fortov, F. Hensel, I. V. Lomonosov, B. Militzer, S. Mazevet, and G. Ropke for stimulating discussions and for providing us with their data. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the SFB 652 and Grant No. mvp00006 of the High Performance Supercomputing Center North (HLRN). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 070401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.070401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800001 PM 18764511 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Jin, H Moon, SJ Kim, JY Park, BG Leem, CS Yu, J Noh, TW Kim, C Oh, SJ Park, JH Durairaj, V Cao, G Rotenberg, E AF Kim, B. J. Jin, Hosub Moon, S. J. Kim, J. -Y. Park, B. -G. Leem, C. S. Yu, Jaejun Noh, T. W. Kim, C. Oh, S. -J. Park, J. -H. Durairaj, V. Cao, G. Rotenberg, E. TI Novel J(eff)=1/2 Mott state induced by relativistic spin-orbit coupling in Sr2IrO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; TRANSITION; SYSTEM; BA AB We investigated the electronic structure of 5d transition-metal oxide Sr2IrO4 using angle-resolved photoemission, optical conductivity, x-ray absorption measurements, and first-principles band calculations. The system was found to be well described by novel effective total angular momentum J(eff) states, in which the relativistic spin-orbit coupling is fully taken into account under a large crystal field. Despite delocalized Ir 5d states, the J(eff) states form such narrow bands that even a small correlation energy leads to the J(eff) = 1/2 Mott ground state with unique electronic and magnetic behaviors, suggesting a new class of J(eff) quantum spin driven correlated-electron phenomena. C1 [Kim, J. -Y.; Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, B. J.; Jin, Hosub; Moon, S. J.; Yu, Jaejun; Noh, T. W.; Oh, S. -J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Moon, S. J.; Noh, T. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, ReCOE, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Park, B. -G.; Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, eSSC, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Park, B. -G.; Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, C.] Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Durairaj, V.; Cao, G.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Rotenberg, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jhp@postech.ac.kr RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; FU MOST/KOSEF [R17-2008-03301000-0]; ReCOE Creative Research Initiative Program [R01-2007-000-11188-0]; POSTECH research fund; BK21 program; NSF [DMR-0552267]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Science; MOST; POSTECH FX We thank T. Arima and H. Takagi for invaluable discussions. This work was supported by MOST/KOSEF through eSSC at POSTECH, ARP ( No. R17-2008-03301000-0), ReCOE Creative Research Initiative Program, under grant No. R01-2007-000-11188-0, POSTECH research fund, and BK21 program. The work at UK was supported by an NSF Grant No. DMR-0552267. ALS and PLS are supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science and in part by MOST and POSTECH, respectively. NR 29 TC 526 Z9 528 U1 25 U2 230 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 076402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.076402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800050 PM 18764560 ER PT J AU Mazzucato, E Smith, DR Bell, RE Kaye, SM Hosea, JC LeBlanc, BP Wilson, JR Ryan, PM Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Yuh, H Lee, W Park, H AF Mazzucato, E. Smith, D. R. Bell, R. E. Kaye, S. M. Hosea, J. C. LeBlanc, B. P. Wilson, J. R. Ryan, P. M. Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Yuh, H. Lee, W. Park, H. TI Short-scale turbulent fluctuations driven by the electron-temperature gradient in the national spherical torus experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; SCATTERING; ETG AB Measurements with coherent scattering of electromagnetic waves in plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment indicate the existence of turbulent fluctuations in the range of wave numbers k(perpendicular to)rho(e)=0.1-0.4, corresponding to a turbulence scale length nearly equal to the collisionless skin depth. Experimental observations and agreement with numerical results from a linear gyrokinetic stability code support the conjecture that the observed turbulence is driven by the electron-temperature gradient. C1 [Mazzucato, E.; Smith, D. R.; Bell, R. E.; Kaye, S. M.; Hosea, J. C.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ryan, P. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yuh, H.] Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lee, W.; Park, H.] POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Mazzucato, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mazzucato@pppl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG-02-99ER54518] FX This work was supported by U. S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 and Grant No. DE-FG-02-99ER54518. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 075001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.075001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800034 PM 18764544 ER PT J AU Scherz, A Zhu, D Rick, R Schlotter, WF Roy, S Luning, J Stohr, J AF Scherz, A. Zhu, D. Rick, R. Schlotter, W. F. Roy, S. Luening, J. Stoehr, J. TI Nanoscale imaging with resonant coherent x rays: Extension of multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction to nonperiodic structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; SCATTERING AB The methodology of multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction, widely used for macromolecular structure determination, is extended to the imaging of nonperiodic nanostructures. We demonstrate the solution of the phase problem by a combination of two resonantly recorded coherent scattering patterns at the carbon K edge (285 eV). Our approach merges iterative phase retrieval and x-ray holography approaches, yielding unique and rapid reconstructions. The element, chemical, and magnetic state specificity of our method further renders it widely applicable to a broad range of nanostructures, providing a spatial resolution that is limited, in principle, by wavelength only. C1 [Scherz, A.; Zhu, D.; Rick, R.; Roy, S.; Stoehr, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, D.; Rick, R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Luening, J.] Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7614, Lab Chim Phys, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Scherz, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SSRL, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM scherz@slac.stanford.edu RI Zhu, Diling/D-1302-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The experiments were carried out at SSRL. Both SSRL and the conducted research are supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 076101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.076101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800046 PM 18764556 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Leonard, F Swartzentruber, BS Wang, X Hersee, SD AF Talin, A. Alec Leonard, Francois Swartzentruber, B. S. Wang, Xin Hersee, Stephen D. TI Unusually strong space-charge-limited current in thin wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; GAN NANOWIRES; DEVICES AB The current-voltage characteristics of thin wires are often observed to be nonlinear, and this behavior has been ascribed to Schottky barriers at the contacts. We present electronic transport measurements on GaN nanorods and demonstrate that the nonlinear behavior originates instead from space-charge-limited current. A theory of space-charge-limited current in thin wires corroborates the experiments and shows that poor screening in high-aspect ratio materials leads to a dramatic enhancement of space-charge limited current, resulting in new scaling in terms of the aspect ratio. C1 [Talin, A. Alec; Leonard, Francois] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Swartzentruber, B. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wang, Xin; Hersee, Stephen D.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Wang, Xin; Hersee, Stephen D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 076802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.076802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800054 PM 18764564 ER PT J AU Ragurnani, S Kurnaran, D Burley, SK Swaminathan, S AF Ragurnani, Sugadev Kurnaran, Desigan Burley, Stephen K. Swaminathan, Subramanyam TI Crystal structure of a putative lysostaphin peptidase from Vibrio cholerae SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE lysostaphin peptidase; LytM; glycyl-glycine or glycyl-alanine; latent form ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; GLYCYLGLYCINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; DIPEPTIDASE C1 [Ragurnani, Sugadev; Kurnaran, Desigan; Swaminathan, Subramanyam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Burley, Stephen K.] SGX Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR012408]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P30 EB009998]; OID CDC HHS [DEAC02-98CH10886] NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 1096 EP 1103 DI 10.1002/prot.22095 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 326WK UT WOS:000257689600028 PM 18498110 ER PT J AU Segalman, RA AF Segalman, Rachel A. TI Materials science - Directing self-assembly toward perfection SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY C1 [Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Segalman, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM segalman@berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5891 BP 919 EP 920 DI 10.1126/science.1162907 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 337LD UT WOS:000258436700023 PM 18703729 ER PT J AU Yao, J Liu, ZW Liu, YM Wang, Y Sun, C Bartal, G Stacy, AM Zhang, X AF Yao, Jie Liu, Zhaowei Liu, Yongmin Wang, Yuan Sun, Cheng Bartal, Guy Stacy, Angelica M. Zhang, Xiang TI Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; INDEX; LENS C1 [Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Sci Fdn, NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stacy, Angelica M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Sci Fdn, NSEC, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Sun, Cheng/B-7609-2009; Liu, Yongmin/F-5322-2010; Liu, Zhaowei/A-8521-2010; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Wang, Yuan/F-7211-2011; Sun, Cheng/A-8111-2010 OI Sun, Cheng/0000-0002-2744-0896 NR 15 TC 487 Z9 504 U1 18 U2 204 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5891 BP 930 EP 930 DI 10.1126/science.1157566 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 337LD UT WOS:000258436700029 PM 18703734 ER PT J AU Alfonso, DR AF Alfonso, Dominic R. TI First-principles studies of H2S adsorption and dissociation on metal surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemisorption; density functional theory calculations; sulfur; metallic surfaces; adatoms; low index single crystal surfaces ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FIELD ABSORPTION; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OXIDE FUEL-CELL; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; LEED ANALYSIS AB Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the molecular and dissociative adsorption of H2S On the closed packed surfaces of a number of important noble metals (Ag(111), Au(111) and Cu(111)) and transition metals (Ir(111), Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111)). Energy Minima Corresponding to adsorbed states were identified with H2S binding preferentially at the top sites. The adsorption of other S moieties (SH and S) was also examined. SH and S were found to prefer bridge sites and hollow sites, respectively. The binding of H2S and its S-containing dissociated species is stronger on the transition metals. The elementary reactions of abstraction of H from H2S to form a surface SH intermediate and abstraction of H from SH to form a surface S intermediate as model pathways for the dissociation of H2S were examined. Our results suggest that H2S decomposition on the aforementioned transition metal Surfaces is more facile, both thermodynamically and kinetically. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alfonso, Dominic R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Alfonso, Dominic R.] Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Alfonso, DR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM alfonso@netl.doe.gov FU NETL [DE-AM26-04NT41817]; Subtask [41817.660.01.01] FX We are grateful to D. Sorescu for useful discussions. This technical effort is under NETL Contract DE-AM26-04NT41817, Subtask 41817.660.01.01. NR 96 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 16 BP 2758 EP 2768 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2008.07.001 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 351XG UT WOS:000259458600007 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Hong, M Wan, W Du, A Pu, Z Thomsen, MF Ren, Z Reeves, GD AF Wei, Y. Hong, M. Wan, W. Du, A. Pu, Z. Thomsen, M. F. Ren, Z. Reeves, G. D. TI Coordinated observations of magnetospheric reconfiguration during an overshielding event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STORM; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SYSTEM; DYNAMO; MODEL AB During 1400-1800 UT on September 15, 2005, the solar wind exhibited large variations and caused a moderate magnetic storm. The Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, located near the local noon, observed an overshielding event after the northward turning of interplanetary magnetic field. The overshielding event featured distinct increase and decrease phases. We have examined the magnetospheric configuration variation with the geosynchronous observations provided by GOES12 (dayside) and LANL 97A (nightside), as well as the tail magnetic field monitored by Double Star TC1. The results suggested that the time-dependent magnetospheric reconfiguration process is closely related to the development of equatorial electric field. We speculate that the magnetospheric reconfiguration may cause equatorial ionosphere electric field disturbances through affecting the Region 2 field aligned current. C1 [Wei, Y.; Hong, M.; Wan, W.; Du, A.; Ren, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing Observ Space Environm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Pu, Z.] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing Observ Space Environm, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM weiy@mail.igcas.ac.cn; mhhong@mail.igcas.ac.cn RI Wei, Yong/H-5112-2011; Ren, Zhipeng/B-4923-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Wei, Yong/0000-0001-7183-0229; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS; NSFC [40674080, 40390152, 40640420563, 40374061]; NSF Cooperative Agreement [ATM-0432565] FX This work was supported by the KIP Pilot Project (kzcx3-sw-144) of Chinese Academy of Sciences to Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, NSFC grants 40674080, 40390152, 40640420563 and 40374061. We acknowledge Chinese Double Star Data Center and the CDAWeb for access to the DSP/TC1, Wind, and GOES12 data. The SYMH, ASYH, AU, AL data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofacute;sico del Peru operated with support from the NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15109 DI 10.1029/2008GL033972 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 338LQ UT WOS:000258509700002 ER PT J AU Brown, WM Martin, S Pollock, SN Coutsias, EA Watson, JP AF Brown, W. Michael Martin, Shawn Pollock, Sara N. Coutsias, Evangelos A. Watson, Jean-Paul TI Algorithmic dimensionality reduction for molecular structure analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; COLLECTIVE-COORDINATE SPACE; FREE-ENERGY LANDSCAPES; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; LARGE SYSTEMS; LOOP CLOSURE; SIMULATION; MODEL; CONFORMATIONS AB Dimensionality reduction approaches have been used to exploit the redundancy in a Cartesian coordinate representation of molecular motion by producing low-dimensional representations of molecular motion. This has been used to help visualize complex energy landscapes, to extend the time scales of simulation, and to improve the efficiency of optimization. Until recently, linear approaches for dimensionality reduction have been employed. Here, we investigate the efficacy of several automated algorithms for nonlinear dimensionality reduction for representation of trans, trans-1,2,4-trifluorocyclo-octane conformation-a molecule whose structure can be described on a 2-manifold in a Cartesian coordinate phase space. We describe an efficient approach for a deterministic enumeration of ring conformations. We demonstrate a drastic improvement in dimensionality reduction with the use of nonlinear methods. We discuss the use of dimensionality reduction algorithms for estimating intrinsic dimensionality and the relationship to the Whitney embedding theorem. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the choice of high-dimensional encoding on the reduction. We show for the case studied that, in terms of reconstruction error root mean square deviation, Cartesian coordinate representations and encodings based on interatom distances provide better performance than encodings based on a dihedral angle representation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Brown, W. Michael; Martin, Shawn; Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pollock, Sara N.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biochem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Pollock, Sara N.] Univ New Mexico, Mol Biol Div Biocomp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Pollock, Sara N.; Coutsias, Evangelos A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brown, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wmbrown@sandia.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov OI Pollock, Sara/0000-0001-7896-350X; Coutsias, Evangelos/0000-0003-2910-9125 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM081710, R01-GM081710] NR 76 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064118 DI 10.1063/1.2968610 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600019 PM 18715062 ER PT J AU Casanova, D Head-Gordon, M AF Casanova, David Head-Gordon, Martin TI The spin-flip extended single excitation configuration interaction method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CONSISTENT WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; EXCITED-STATES; DOUBLES MODEL; BOND-BREAKING; LINEAR POLYENES; SIZE-CONSISTENT AB An extension of the spin-flip single excitation configuration interaction (SF-CIS) method is introduced. The extension, abbreviated as SF-XCIS, includes all configurations in which no more than one virtual level of the high spin triplet reference becomes occupied and no more than one doubly occupied level becomes vacant. The number of such configurations is quadratic with molecule size, and the method is implemented in a direct algorithm whose cost scales in the same way with molecule size as CIS itself, thus permitting applications to large systems. Starting from a spin restricted triplet determinant, SF-XCIS yields spin-pure singlet, triplet, and quintet states, and treats both half-occupied reference orbitals in a fully balanced way to allow application to strongly correlated problems. Tests on bond dissociation in the HF molecule, the torsional potential of ethylene, and excited states of polyenes show encouraging improvements using SF-XCIS compared to SF-CIS and a previously suggested extension, the spin-complete CIS model. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Casanova, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Casanova, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM davidcasanova@berkeley.edu RI Casanova, David/F-9752-2011 OI Casanova, David/0000-0002-8893-7089 NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064104 DI 10.1063/1.2965131 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600005 PM 18715048 ER PT J AU Lucero, MJ Niklasson, AMN Tretiak, S Challacombe, M AF Lucero, Melissa J. Niklasson, Anders M. N. Tretiak, Sergei Challacombe, Matt TI Molecular-orbital-free algorithm for excited states in time-dependent perturbation theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARTREE-FOCK THEORY; KRYLOV SUBSPACE METHODS; RAYLEIGH QUOTIENT; ELECTRON-GAS; SHELL MODEL; PLASMA-OSCILLATIONS; SPHERICAL NUCLEI; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB A nonlinear conjugate gradient optimization scheme is used to obtain excitation energies within the random phase approximation (RPA). The solutions to the RPA eigenvalue equation are located through a variational characterization using a modified Thouless functional, which is based upon an asymmetric Rayleigh quotient, in an orthogonalized atomic orbital representation. In this way, the computational bottleneck of calculating molecular orbitals is avoided. The variational space is reduced to the physically-relevant transitions by projections. The feasibility of an RPA implementation scaling linearly with system size N is investigated by monitoring convergence behavior with respect to the quality of initial guess and sensitivity to noise under thresholding, both for well- and ill-conditioned problems. The molecular-orbital-free algorithm is found to be robust and computationally efficient, providing a first step toward large-scale, reduced complexity calculations of time-dependent optical properties and linear response. The algorithm is extensible to other forms of time-dependent perturbation theory including, but not limited to, time-dependent density functional theory. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lucero, Melissa J.; Niklasson, Anders M. N.; Tretiak, Sergei; Challacombe, Matt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lucero, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM drmjlucero@gmail.com.lucero RI Lucero, Melissa/A-5684-2009; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX We would like to express our gratitude to Professor C. J. Tymczak, Dr. Richard L. Martin, Dr. Antonio Redondo, Dr. Kimberly W. Thomas, Dr. Eddy M. Timmermans, and Dr. Valery Weber for many helpful discussions. M. J. L. gratefully acknowledges the support of a LANL Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064114 DI 10.1063/1.2965535 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600015 PM 18715058 ER PT J AU Pan, AC Roux, B AF Pan, Albert C. Roux, Benoit TI Building Markov state models along pathways to determine free energies and rates of transitions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN-FOLDING KINETICS; RATE CONSTANTS; STRING METHOD; BETA-HAIRPIN; PEPTIDE; EVENTS; HELIX AB An efficient method is proposed for building Markov models with discrete states able to accurately describe the slow relaxation of a complex system with two stable conformations. First, the reaction pathway described by a set of collective variables between the two stable states is determined using the string method with swarms of trajectories. Then, short trajectories are initiated at different points along this pathway to build the state-to-state transition probability matrix. It is shown, using a model system, how this strategy makes it possible to use trajectories that are significantly shorter than the slowest relaxation time to efficiently build a reliable and accurate Markov model. Extensions of the method to multiple pathways, as well as some common pitfalls arising from poorly relaxed paths or an inappropriate choice of collective variables, are illustrated and discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pan, Albert C.; Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Roux, Benoit] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pan, AC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, 920 E 58Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM roux@uchicago.edu RI Pan, Albert/G-1475-2013; OI Pan, Albert/0000-0001-5050-5603 FU NRSA [1F32GM083567-01]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0415784]; National Institute of Health [GM62342, CA93577] FX We wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Deniz Sezer and Sanghyun Park and are also grateful to Janice Robertson and Wenxun Gan for comments on the manuscript. A. C. P. acknowledges NIH for a Kirchstein- NRSA postdoctoral fellowship (Grant No. 1F32GM083567-01). This work was supported by Grant No. MCB-0415784 from the National Science Foundation and by Grants No. GM62342 and CA93577 from the National Institute of Health. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064107 DI 10.1063/1.2959573 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600008 PM 18715051 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Francisco, JS Muckerman, JT AF Yu, Hua-Gen Francisco, Joseph S. Muckerman, James T. TI Ab initio and direct dynamics study of the reaction of Cl atoms with HOCO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; OH RADICAL REACTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; GAS-PHASE; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; CHLOROFORMIC ACID; RATE CONSTANTS; CO AB The reaction of Cl with HOCO has been examined using the coupled-cluster method to locate and optimize the critical points on the ground-state potential energy surface. The results show that the reaction produces the HCl and CO(2) products as experimentally observed. The reaction occurs via a HOC(O)Cl intermediate with an estimated heat of formation of -97.8 +/- 2.0 kcal/mol. A direct ab initio dynamics method has been used to provide insight into the reaction mechanisms and to determine the thermal rate coefficients in the temperature range of 200-600 K. At room temperature, the thermal rate coefficient is predicted to be 3.0x10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with an activation energy of -0.2 kcal/mol. Two kinds of reactive trajectories are found. One kind proceeds through short-lived HOC(O)Cl complexes with a lifetime of 310 fs while the other kind occurs via longer-lived intermediates with a lifetime of 1.9 ps. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Yu, Hua-Gen; Muckerman, James T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Francisco, Joseph S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical Sciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) FX This work was performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Calculations were also carried out at the the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 6 AR 064301 DI 10.1063/1.2965523 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338FD UT WOS:000258490600020 PM 18715063 ER PT J AU Dang, NC Zazubovich, V Reppert, M Neupane, B Picorel, R Seibert, M Jankowiak, R AF Dang, Nhan C. Zazubovich, Valter Reppert, Mike Neupane, Bhanu Picorel, Rafael Seibert, Michael Jankowiak, Ryszard TI The CP43 proximal antenna complex of higher plant photosystem II revisited: Modeling and hole burning study. I SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUASI-DEGENERATE; DNA-ADDUCTS; DONOR STATE; CHLOROPHYLL; RESOLUTION AB The CP43 core antenna complex of photosystem 11 is known to possess two quasi-degenerate "red"-trap states (Jankowiak, R. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 11805). It has been suggested recently (Zazubovich, V.; Jankowiak, R. J. Lumin. 2007, 127, 245) that the site distribution functions of the red states (A and 13) are uncorrelated and that narrow holes are burned in the subpopulations of chlorophylls (Chls) from states A and B that are the lowest-energy Chl in their complex and previously thought not to transfer energy. This model of uncorrelated excitation energy transfer (EET) between the quasidegenerate bands is expanded by taking into account both electron-phonon and vibrational coupling. The model is applied to fit simultaneously absorption, emission, zero-phonon action, and transient hole burned (HB) spectra obtained for the CP43 complex with minimized contribution from aggregation. It is demonstrated that the above listed spectra can be well-fitted using the uncorrelated EET model, providing strong evidence for the existence of efficient energy transfer between the two lowest energy states, A and B (either from A to B or from B to A), in CP43. Possible candidate Chls for the low-energy A and B states are discussed, providing a link between CP43 structure and spectroscopy. Finally, we propose that persistent holes originate from regular NPHB accompanied by the redistribution of oscillator strength due to excitonic interactions, rather than photoconversion involving Chl-protein hydrogen bonding, as suggested before (Hughes J. L. et al. Biochemistry 2006, 45, 12345). In the accompanying paper (Reppert, M.; Zazubovich, V.; Dang, N. C.; Seibert, M.; Jankowiak, R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 9934), it is demonstrated that the model discussed in this manuscript is consistent with excitonic calculations, which also provide very good fits to both transient and persistent HB spectra obtained under non-line-narrowing conditions. C1 [Dang, Nhan C.; Reppert, Mike; Neupane, Bhanu; Jankowiak, Ryszard] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zazubovich, Valter] Concordia Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Picorel, Rafael; Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ryszard@ksu.edu RI PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9921 EP 9933 DI 10.1021/jp801373c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 335KR UT WOS:000258290000045 PM 18642949 ER PT J AU Reppert, M Zazubovich, V Dang, NC Seibert, M Jankowiak, R AF Reppert, Mike Zazubovich, Valter Dang, Nhan C. Seibert, Michael Jankowiak, Ryszard TI Low-energy chlorophyll states in the CP43 antenna protein complex: Simulation of various optical spectra. II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PLANT PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYNECHOCOCCUS-ELONGATUS; QUASI-DEGENERATE; DYNAMICS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The CP43 protein complex of the core antenna of higher plant photosystem 11 (PSII) has two quasidegenerate "red" absorption states. It has been shown in the accompanying paper I (Dang, N. C., et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 9921.) that the site distribution functions (SDFs) of red-states A and B are uncorrelated and the narrow holes are burned in subpopulations of chlorophylls (Chls) from states A and B that are the lowest-energy pigments in their particular CP43 complexes and cannot further transfer energy downhill. In this work, we present the results of a series of Monte Carlo simulations using the 3.0-angstrom structure of the PSII core complex from cyanobacteria (Loll, B., et al. Nature 2005, 303, 1040.) to model absorption, emission, persistent, and transient hole burned (HB) spectra. At the current structural resolution, we found calculated site energies (obtained from INDO/S calculations) to be only suggestive because their values are different for the two monomers of CP43 in the PS 11 dimer. As a result, to probe the excitonic structure, a simple fitting procedure was employed to optimize Chl site energies from various starting values corresponding to different A/B pigment combinations to provide simultaneously good fits to several types of optical spectra. It is demonstrated that the shape of the calculated absorption, emission, and transient/persistent hole-burned spectra is consistent with experimental data and our model for excitation energy transfer between two quasi-degenerate lowest-E states (A and B) with uncorrelated SDFs discussed in paper I. Calculations revealed that absorption changes observed near 670 nm in the non-line-narrowed persistent HB spectra (assigned to photoconversion involving Chl-protein hydrogen-bonding by Hughes (Biochemistry 2006, 45, 12345.) are most likely the result of nonphotochemical hole-burning (NPHB) accompanied by the redistribution of oscillator strength due to modified excitonic interactions. We argue that a unique redistribution of oscillator strength during the NPHB process helps to assign Chls contributing to the low-energy states. It is demonstrated that the 4.2 K asymmetric triplet-bottleneck (transient) hole is mostly contributed to by both A and B states, with the hole profile described by a subensemble of pigments, which are the lowest-energy pigments (B(s)- and A(s)-type) in their complexes. The same lowest-energy Chls contribute to the observed fluorescence spectra. On the basis of our excitonic calculations, the best Chl candidates that contribute to the low-energy A and B states are Chl 44 and Chl 37, respectively. C1 [Reppert, Mike; Dang, Nhan C.; Jankowiak, Ryszard] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zazubovich, Valter] Concordia Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ryszard@ksu.edu NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 9934 EP 9947 DI 10.1021/jp8013749 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 335KR UT WOS:000258290000046 PM 18642950 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Huang, WY Habas, SE Kuhn, JN Grass, ME Yamada, Y Yang, P Somorjai, GA AF Zhang, Yawen Huang, Wenyu Habas, Susan E. Kuhn, John N. Grass, Michael E. Yamada, Yusuke Yang, Peidong Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Near-monodisperse Ni-Cu bimetallic nanocrystals of variable composition: Controlled synthesis and catalytic activity for H-2 generation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; ALLOY; OXIDATION; FILMS; AG; PD AB Near-monodisperse Ni1-xCux (x = 0.2-0.8) bimetallic nanocrystals were synthesized by a one-pot thermolysis approach in oleylamine/1-octadecene, using metal acetylacetonates as precursors. The nanocrystals form large-area 2D superlattices, and display a catalytic synergistic effect in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 to generate H-2 at x = 0.5 in a strongly basic medium. The Ni0.5Cu0.5 nanocrystals show the lowest activation energy, and also exhibit the highest H, generation rate at 298 K. C1 [Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Yamada, Yusuke/D-3359-2013; Huang, Wenyu/L-3784-2014 OI Huang, Wenyu/0000-0003-2327-7259 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 12092 EP 12095 DI 10.1021/jp805788x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335KS UT WOS:000258290100008 ER PT J AU Brink, MV Peck, MA More, KL Hoefelmeyer, JD AF Brink, Miranda Vanden Peck, Matthea A. More, Karren L. Hoefelmeyer, James D. TI Alkylamine stabilized ruthenium nanocrystals: Faceting and branching SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SBA-15 SILICA; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM DOTS; SHAPE; SIZE; SUPERLATTICES; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLIES; COLLOIDS AB Ruthenium nanocrystals were prepared upon decomposition of Ru-3(CO)(12) at high temperature in the presence of alkylamine stabilizers. The reaction produced a dark brown colloid that was processed with toluene/ethanol as solvent/nonsolvent pair. The materials were characterized using high resolution electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The Ru nanocrystals were single crystals with a hcp structure, and displayed regular facets. At lower temperatures nucleation was followed by attachment to yield mesoscale polycrystalline branched ruthenium structures. C1 [Brink, Miranda Vanden; Peck, Matthea A.; Hoefelmeyer, James D.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Chem, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Grp, MST Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hoefelmeyer, JD (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Chem, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM james.hoefelmeyer@usd.edu RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Peck, Matthea/0000-0003-0913-0242 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 12122 EP 12126 DI 10.1021/jp801546c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335KS UT WOS:000258290100013 ER PT J AU Erbs, JJ Gilbert, B Penn, RL AF Erbs, Jasmine J. Gilbert, Benjamin Penn, R. Lee TI Influence of size on reductive dissolution of six-line ferrihydrite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDES; NANOPARTICLES; REACTIVITY; GOETHITE; HYDROQUINONE; TRANSFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTS; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE AB This work investigates size dependence of the kinetics of reductive dissolution of six-line ferrihydrite, ranging in average length from 3.4 to 5.9 nm. Empirical rate laws, activation energies, and pre-exponential factors were determined for freshly prepared aqueous suspensions and dried powders of each ferrihydrite sample. Mass-normalized initial rates of reductive dissolution are substantially faster for the freshly prepared suspensions than for reactions using the dried powders, which is consistent with a drop in reactive surface area upon drying. In addition, results demonstrate substantial differences between the empirical rate laws for the freshly prepared and the dried six-line ferrihydrite. Comparing surface-area-normalized rates of reductive dissolution reveals a small dependence on size for the freshly prepared ferrihydrite, no dependence on size for the dried ferrihydrite nanoparticles, and no statistically significant change in the activation energy for reaction in either case. In addition, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption studies revealed no size dependent changes in nanoparticle structure and electronic structure. However, the frequency of reagent-surface encounters, related to the pre-exponential factors increased significantly with decreasing particle size, consistent with the hypothesis that the ordering of water molecules at ferrihydrite nanoparticle surfaces mediates diffusion to the surface and is size dependent. C1 [Erbs, Jasmine J.; Penn, R. Lee] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gilbert, Benjamin] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Penn, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM rleepenn@umn.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 12127 EP 12133 DI 10.1021/jp801601h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335KS UT WOS:000258290100014 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Wesolowski, DJ Vlcek, L Cummings, PT Rosenqvist, J Wang, W Cole, DR AF Mamontov, E. Wesolowski, D. J. Vlcek, L. Cummings, P. T. Rosenqvist, J. Wang, W. Cole, D. R. TI Dynamics of hydration water on rutile studied by backscattering neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; CHEM. PHYS. 113; CONFINED WATER; 2-DIMENSIONAL WATER; VERMICULITE CLAY; SPIN-ECHO; SURFACE-WATER; TIO2 NANORODS; SCATTERING AB The high energy resolution, coupled with the wide dynamic range, of the new backscattering spectrometer (BASIS) at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has made it possible to investigate the diffusion dynamics of hydration water on the surface of rutile (TiO(2)) nanopowder down to a temperature of 195 K. The dynamics measured on the BASIS on the time scale of tens of picoseconds to more than a nanosecond can be attributed to the mobility of the outer hydration water layers. The data obtained on the BASIS and in a previous study using the backscattering and disk-chopper spectrometers at the NIST Center for Neutron Research are coupled with molecular dynamics simulations extended to 50 ns. The results suggest that the scattering experiments probe several types of molecular motion in the surface layers, namely a very fast component that involves dynamics of water molecules with unsaturated hydrogen bonds, a somewhat slower component due to localized motions of all water molecules, and a much slower component related to the translational jumps of the fully hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times associated with the localized dynamics remains Arrhenius down to at least 195 K, whereas the slow translational component shows non-Arrhenius behavior above about 205 K. Thus, an Arrhenius-type behavior of the faster localized dynamic component extends below the temperature of the dynamic transition in the slow translational component. We suggest that the qualitative difference in the character of the temperature dependence between these slow and fast components may be due to the fact that the latter involves motions that require breaking fewer hydrogen bonds. C1 [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.; Rosenqvist, J.; Cole, D. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vlcek, L.; Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, P. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mamontove@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 32 BP 12334 EP 12341 DI 10.1021/jp711965x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335KS UT WOS:000258290100044 ER PT J AU Rubin, EM AF Rubin, Edward M. TI Genomics of cellulosic biofuels SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRAFT SEQUENCE; BIOMASS; ARABIDOPSIS; TOLERANCE; BACTERIA; ENZYMES AB The development of alternatives to fossil fuels as an energy source is an urgent global priority. Cellulosic biomass has the potential to contribute to meeting the demand for liquid fuel, but land-use requirements and process inefficiencies represent hurdles for large-scale deployment of biomass-to-biofuel technologies. Genomic information gathered from across the biosphere, including potential energy crops and microorganisms able to break down biomass, will be vital for improving the prospects of significant cellulosic biofuel production. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov NR 40 TC 457 Z9 480 U1 20 U2 211 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7206 BP 841 EP 845 DI 10.1038/nature07190 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 336XH UT WOS:000258398600026 PM 18704079 ER PT J AU Antipin, O Atwood, D Soni, A AF Antipin, Oleg Atwood, David Soni, Amarjit TI Search for RS gravitons via WLWL decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; GAUGE BOSONS; HIERARCHY; DIMENSIONS; MIXINGS; MASSES; FIELDS AB The original Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with a warped extra dimension along with extensions provides the possibility for a simultaneous solution to Planck-weak hierarchy problem as well as the flavor puzzle in the Standard Model (SM). The most distinctive feature of this scenario is the existence of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons whose masses and couplings to the SM fields are set by the TeV scale. In some realistic versions of this framework, the largest coupling of the gravitons to the observed particles is to the top quark and unphysical Higgses (W-L(+/-) and Z(L)) with the KK graviton (G) masses predicted to be greater than or similar to 4 TeV. L We extend earlier works on the KK graviton decays to the t (t) over bar final state and to the "gold-plated" Z(L)Z(L) modes (with each Z decaying to e(+)e(-) or to mu(+)mu(-)) by studying the resonant production of the gravitons and their subsequent decay to WLWL pair. We find that with 300 fb(-1) integrated luminosity of data the semileptonic G -> W(-> lv(1))W(-> 2 jets) mode offers a good opportunity to search for the RS KK graviton mode with mass lighter than similar to 3-3.5 TeV at the CERN LHC. Efficient WW mass reconstruction in the semileptonic mode combined with an analysis of dilepton mass distribution in the purely leptonic channel, pp -> W(-> lv(1)) W (-> l' v(l'),) may help to observe KK Z' and KK graviton separately. Suitably defined average energy of the charged lepton in the semileptonic mode may be used to distinguish decays from longitudinal versus transverse W-bosons. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Antipin, Oleg; Atwood, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Antipin, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM oaanti02@iastate.edu; atwood@iastate.edu; soni@bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-FG02-01ER41155, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank H. Davoudiasl for a careful reading of the manuscript and to him and to J. Cochran for useful discussions. O.A. also would like to thank BNL Physics Department for hospitality during part of this project. Work of O.A. and D.A. are supported in part by DOE under contract number DE-FG02-01ER41155. A.S. is supported in part by the DOE grant DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL). NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 344EA UT WOS:000258907600009 ER PT J AU Lunghi, E Soni, A AF Lunghi, Enrico Soni, Amarjit TI Possible indications of new physics in B-d-mixing and in sin(2 beta) determinations SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; CKM MATRIX; LEADING LOGARITHMS; QCD CORRECTIONS; DECAYS; DIFFERENCE; PARAMETERS; QUARK; MASS AB Using the hadronic matrix elements from the lattice, B-K and xi(s), involving only the 4-quark operators for Delta flavor= 2 Hamiltonian relevant for K-(K) over bar, B-d-(B) over bar (d) and B-s-(B) over bar (s) mixing, along with V-cb, we deduce a nontrivial constraint on the SM, sin(2 beta) = 0.87 +/- 0.09. This deviates from direct experimental measurements via the tree process, b -> c(c) over bar s as well as the one via the penguin-loop b -> s decays by around 2.1 and 2.7 sigma respectively. If these deviations are confirmed-they would imply the presence of new physics rather pervasively in both B-d-(B) over bar (d) (i.e. very likely in b -> d) as well as in b -> s transitions requiring a beyond the SM CP-odd phase. Consequently, improvements in the relevant lattice calculations should be given a high priority. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lunghi, Enrico] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Soni, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lunghi@fnal.gov; soni@quark.phy.bnl.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH030000]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We thank Andreas Kronfeld, Jack Laiho and Ruth Van de Water for useful discussions. This research was supported in part by the US DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL) and in part by the Department of Energy under Grant DE-AC02-76CH030000 (Fermi-lab). Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 45 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 2 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.015 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 344EA UT WOS:000258907600010 ER PT J AU Galstyan, E Lorenz, B Martirosyan, KS Yen, F Sun, YY Gospodinov, MM Chu, CW AF Galstyan, E. Lorenz, B. Martirosyan, K. S. Yen, F. Sun, Y. Y. Gospodinov, M. M. Chu, C. W. TI Magnetic hysteretic phenomena in multiferroic HoMnO(3) single crystals and polycrystals with nano- and micrometer particle size SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; HEXAGONAL RMNO3 R; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARIUM-TITANATE; NANOPARTICLES; EVOLUTION; CERAMICS; YB; ER AB We report on the magnetic properties of multiferroic hexagonal HoMnO(3) single crystals and polycrystalline samples with micrometer and nanometer particle size. We have studied the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization of HoMnO(3) single crystals under low applied magnetic fields in the temperature range below T(Neel) = 72 K and observe the bifurcation of zero-field-cooled and field-cooled curves at the Mn spin reorientation transition temperature at 34 K. In addition, the c-axis magnetization shows a ferrimagnetic- like behavior which may relate to the magnetic Ho(3+) and Mn(3+) domain boundary structures and sensitively respond to changes of the magnetic structure such as spin rotations at the phase transitions near 5 and 34 K. We also studied the particles' size dependent magnetic behavior in the HoMnO(3) polycrystalline samples and observe the presence of a net magnetic moment at the surface due to the large surface/volume ratio. Below the Ho(3+) ordering temperature of 5 K, magnetization curves as a function of applied magnetic field, in contrast to those for the single crystal, show hysteresis behavior with coercivity, which increases with diminishing particle size. C1 [Galstyan, E.; Lorenz, B.; Yen, F.; Sun, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Galstyan, E.; Lorenz, B.; Yen, F.; Sun, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Martirosyan, K. S.] Univ Houston, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gospodinov, M. M.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Chu, C. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Galstyan, E (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM egalstyan@uh.edu RI Martirosyan, Karen/J-8814-2013; Yen, Fei/C-8713-2015 OI Yen, Fei/0000-0003-2295-3040 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 325241 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/325241 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400048 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JM Lee, TW Gray, SK AF Montgomery, Jason M. Lee, Tae-Woo Gray, Stephen K. TI Theory and modeling of light interactions with metallic nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID EVANESCENT-WAVE MODEL; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; NANOMETRIC HOLES; GOLD-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; GUIDES; HYBRIDIZATION AB Metallic nanostructures such as systems containing metal nanoparticles or nanostructured metal films are intriguing systems of much current interest. Surface plasmons, i.e., special electronic excitations near the metallic surfaces, can then be excited in these systems. Surface plasmons can be intense and localized, and correctly describing their behavior in complex systems can require numerically rigorous modeling techniques. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one such technique. This review discusses results obtained mostly with the FDTD method concerning (i) local surface plasmon excitations of metal nanoparticles, (ii) surface plasmon polariton propagation on layered structures, (ii) and periodic hole arrays in metal films. C1 [Montgomery, Jason M.; Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Tae-Woo] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Montgomery, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 36 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 323201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/323201 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400006 ER PT J AU Park, T Park, E Lee, H Klimczuk, T Bauer, ED Ronning, F Thompson, JD AF Park, Tuson Park, Eunsung Lee, Hanoh Klimczuk, T. Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. TI Pressure-induced superconductivity in CaFe(2)As(2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; TERNARY ARSENIDES; 43 K; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB We report pressure-induced superconductivity in a single crystal of CaFe(2)As(2). At atmospheric pressure, this material is antiferromagnetic below 170 K but under an applied pressure of 0.69 GPa becomes superconducting, with a transition temperature T(c) exceeding 10 K. The rate of Tc suppression with applied magnetic field is - 0.7 K T(-1), giving an extrapolated zero-temperature upper critical field of 10 - 14 T. C1 [Park, Tuson; Lee, Hanoh; Klimczuk, T.; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Park, Tuson; Park, Eunsung] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Park, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 27 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 322204 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/322204 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400005 ER PT J AU Ronning, F Klimczuk, T Bauer, ED Volz, H Thompson, JD AF Ronning, F. Klimczuk, T. Bauer, E. D. Volz, H. Thompson, J. D. TI Synthesis and properties of CaFe(2)As(2) single crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ARSENIDES AB We report the synthesis and basic physical properties of single crystals of CaFe(2)As(2), a compound isostructural to BaFe(2)As(2) which has been recently doped to produce superconductivity. CaFe(2)As(2) crystallizes in the ThCr(2)Si(2) structure with lattice parameters a = 3.887(4) angstrom and c = 11.758(23) angstrom. Magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and heat capacity all show a first order phase transition at T(0) = 171 K. The magnetic susceptibility is nearly isotropic from 2 to 350 K. The heat capacity data gives a Sommerfeld coefficient of 8.2 +/- 0.3 mJ mol(-1) K(-2), and does not reveal any evidence for the presence of high frequency (> 300 K) optical phonon modes. The Hall coefficient is negative below the transition, indicating dominant n-type carriers. C1 [Ronning, F.; Klimczuk, T.; Bauer, E. D.; Volz, H.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Ronning, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 25 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 7 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 322201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/322201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400002 ER PT J AU Wu, D Khalifah, PG Mandrus, DG Wang, NL AF Wu, Dan Khalifah, P. G. Mandrus, D. G. Wang, N. L. TI Optical study of the orbital ordered state in La4Ru2O10 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; CA2RUO4 AB We present the optical study of the ruthenate La4Ru2O10, which undergoes a semiconductor - semiconductor transition at 160 K. Two Ru-Ru interband transition peaks can be found in its HT phase. When temperature decreases across the transition, a transfer of spectral weight from low to high energy occurs. The peak which is located at lower energy in the HT phase is strongly suppressed below 160 K. Based on the analysis of structural distortions associated with this transition, we show that the spectral changes can be well understood by considering energetically reasonable orbital-selective occupancies of Ru t(2g) electrons. This proposed order of orbital energies offers specific insights into the HT insulating behavior, while the LT picture supports the current picture of a spin-singlet ground state. C1 [Wu, Dan; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Khalifah, P. G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Khalifah, P. G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Mandrus, D. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, NL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM nlwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 325204 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/325204 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400011 ER PT J AU Jain, P Dalal, NS Toby, BH Kroto, HW Cheetham, AK AF Jain, Prashant Dalal, Naresh S. Toby, Brian H. Kroto, Harold W. Cheetham, Anthony K. TI Order-disorder antiferroelectric phase transition in a hybrid inorganic-organic framework with the perovskite architecture SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)]Zn(HCOO)(3), 1, adopts a structure that is analogous to that of a traditional perovskite, ABX(3), with A = [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)], B = Zn, and X = HCOO. The hydrogen atoms of the dimethyl ammonium cation, which hydrogen bond to oxygen atoms of the formate framework, are disordered at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction, dielectric constant, and specific heat data show that I undergoes an order-disorder phase transition on cooling below similar to 156 K. We present evidence that this is a classical paraelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition that is driven by ordering of the hydrogen atoms, This sort of electrical ordering associated with order-disorder phase transition is unprecedented in hybrid frameworks and opens up an exciting new direction in rational synthetic strategies to create extended hybrid networks for applications in ferroic-related fields. C1 [Cheetham, Anthony K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Met & Mat, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Jain, Prashant; Dalal, Naresh S.; Kroto, Harold W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Toby, Brian H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cheetham, AK (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Met & Mat, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM akc30@cam.ac.uk RI Jain, Prashant/C-8135-2009; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 17 TC 212 Z9 212 U1 9 U2 103 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10450 EP + DI 10.1021/ja801952e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800001 PM 18636729 ER PT J AU Moore, GF Hambourger, M Gervaldo, M Poluektov, OG Rajh, T Gust, D Moore, TA Moore, AL AF Moore, Gary F. Hambourger, Michael Gervaldo, Miguel Poluektov, Oleg G. Rajh, Tijana Gust, Devens Moore, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. TI A bioinspired construct that mimics the proton coupled electron transfer between P680(center dot)+ and the Tyr(z)-His190 pair of photosystem II SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE Y-Z; OXYGEN-EVOLVING SYSTEM; AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; MANGANESE CLUSTER; WATER OXIDATION; RADICALS; COMPLEX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COORDINATION; PHENOLATE AB A bioinspired hybrid system, composed of colloidal TiO(2) nanoparticles surface modified with a photochemically active mimic of the PSII chlorophyll-Tyr-His complex, undergoes photoinduced stepwise electron transfer coupled to proton motion at the phenolic site. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance studies reveal that injected electrons are localized on TiO(2) nanoparticles following photoexcitation. At 80 K, 95% of the resulting holes are localized on the phenol moiety and 5% are localized on the porphyrin. At 4.2 K, 52% of the holes remain trapped on the porphyrin. The anisotropic coupling tensors of the phenoxyl radical are resolved in the photoinduced D-band EPR spectra and are in good agreement with previously reported g-tensors of tyrosine radicals in photosystem II. The observed temperature dependence of the charge shift is attributed to restricted nuclear motion at low temperature and is reminiscent of the observation of a trapped high-energy state in the natural system. Electrochemical studies show that the phenoxyl/phenol couple of the model system is chemically reversible and thermodynamically capable of water oxidation. C1 [Poluektov, Oleg G.; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Poluektov, Oleg G.; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moore, Gary F.; Hambourger, Michael; Gervaldo, Miguel; Gust, Devens; Moore, Thomas A.; Moore, Ana L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Bioenergy & Photosynth, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oleg@anl.gov; rajh@anl.gov; gust@asu.edu; tmoore@asu.edu RI Moore, Gary/L-6828-2016 OI Moore, Gary/0000-0003-3369-9308 NR 35 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10466 EP + DI 10.1021/ja803015m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800009 PM 18642819 ER PT J AU Sierra-Sastre, Y Choi, S Picraux, ST Batt, CA AF Sierra-Sastre, Yajaira Choi, Sukgeun Picraux, S. T. Batt, Carl A. TI Vertical growth of Ge nanowires from biotemplated Au nanoparticle catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; BIONANOFABRICATION; TRANSISTORS; DIRECTION AB Semiconductor nanowires are being actively investigated because of their unique physical properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices. However, current hurdles for device integration include the lack of control over the orientation, location, and packing density of nanowires. This communication presents for the first time the use of a unique, bottom-up approach for the catalyzed growth of semiconductor nanowires via biological templating. High-density, vertically oriented growth of Ge nanowires with monodispersed diameters and spacings was achieved through patterning of very small sized (5-20 nm) Au nanoparticles using bacterial surface-layer proteins as a template. We envision the applicability of this biotemplating approach to a variety of nanowires and substrate materials. C1 [Batt, Carl A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sierra-Sastre, Yajaira] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Choi, Sukgeun; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Batt, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cab10@cornell.edu RI Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10488 EP + DI 10.1021/ja8037382 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800020 PM 18642821 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Halder, GJ Chupas, PJ AF Chapman, Karena W. Halder, Gregory J. Chupas, Peter J. TI Guest-dependent high pressure phenomena in a nanoporous metal-organic framework material SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ZEOLITE; COMPRESSIBILITY; SORPTION; STORAGE; DESIGN; SIZE AB The nanoporous metal-organic framework material Cu(3)(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2)(H(2)O)(3)center dot{guest} exhibits anomalous compression under applied pressure that is associated with the hyper-filling of the pore network. This behavior involves a dramatic transition between a "hard" regime (bulk modulus, K(hard) approximate to 118 GPa), where the pressure-transmitting fluid penetrates the framework cavities, and a "soft" regime (K(soft) approximate to 30 GPa), where the guest-framework system compresses concertedly. Not only is the duality in compressibility triggered by the availability of potential guests but the size/penetrability of the guest molecules determines the pressure at which the hard-soft transition occurs. Specifically, the observed compression behavior depends on the size of the pressure-transmitting fluid molecules, the sample particle size (i.e., the extent of the pore network), and the rate at which the pressure is increased. The unprecedented pressure-induced phenomena documented here, illustrates the exotic high-pressure behaviors possible in this versatile class of advanced functional materials with broad implications for their structure-function relationships and accordingly their practical application. C1 [Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chapman, KW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chapmank@aps.anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013 NR 26 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10524 EP + DI 10.1021/ja804079z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800036 PM 18636710 ER PT J AU Willey, TM Fabbri, JD Lee, JRI Schreiner, PR Fokin, AA Tkachenko, BA Fokina, NA Dahl, JEP Carlson, RMK Vance, AL Yang, WL Terminello, LJ van Buuren, T Melosh, NA AF Willey, Trevor M. Fabbri, Jason D. Lee, Jonathan R. I. Schreiner, Peter R. Fokin, Andrey A. Tkachenko, Boryslav A. Fokina, Nataliya A. Dahl, Jeremy E. P. Carlson, Robert M. K. Vance, Andrew L. Yang, Wanli Terminello, Louis J. van Buuren, Tony Melosh, Nicolas A. TI Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of diamondoid thiol monolayers on gold SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BINDING-ENERGY CALIBRATION; FUNCTIONALIZED NANODIAMONDS; DETAILED ANALYSIS; SILVER SURFACES; AU(111); SPECTRA; PHOTOEMISSION; XPS; ADSORPTION AB Diamondoids, hydrocarbon molecules with cubic-diamond-cage structures, have unique properties with potential value for nanotechnology. The availability and ability to selectively functionalize this special class of nanodiamond materials opens new possibilities for surface modification, for high-efficiency field emitters in molecular electronics, as seed crystals for diamond growth, or as robust mechanical coatings. The properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) of diamondoids are thus of fundamental interest for a variety of emerging applications. This paper presents the effects of thiol substitution position and polymantane order on diamondoid SAMS on gold using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A framework to determine both molecular tilt and twist through NEXAFS is presented and reveals highly ordered diamondoid SAMS, with the molecular orientation controlled by the thiol location. C 1s and S 2p binding energies are lower in adamantane thiol than alkane thiols on gold by 0.67 +/- 0.05 and 0.16 +/- 0.04 eV, respectively. These binding energies vary with diamondoid monolayer structure and thiol substitution position, consistent with different degrees of steric strain and electronic interaction with the substrate. This work demonstrates control over the assembly, in particular the orientational and electronic structure, providing a flexible design of surface properties with this exciting new class of diamond nanoparticles. C1 [Willey, Trevor M.; Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Terminello, Louis J.; van Buuren, Tony] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fabbri, Jason D.; Melosh, Nicolas A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schreiner, Peter R.; Fokin, Andrey A.; Tkachenko, Boryslav A.; Fokina, Nataliya A.] Univ Giessen, Inst Organ Chem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Dahl, Jeremy E. P.; Carlson, Robert M. K.] Chevron Technol Ventures, Mol Diamond Technol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. [Vance, Andrew L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yang, Wanli] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Willey, TM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM willey1@llnl.gov RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; Fokin, Andrey/A-2869-2010; Schreiner, Peter Richard/A-4084-2008; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; Schreiner, Peter Richard/0000-0002-3608-5515; Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Fokin, Andrey/0000-0002-6381-8948 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10536 EP 10544 DI 10.1021/ja711131e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800038 PM 18642809 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, S Rangan, S Veyan, JF Muckerman, JT Chabal, YJ AF Chaudhuri, Santanu Rangan, Sylvie Veyan, Jean-Francois Muckerman, James T. Chabal, Yves J. TI Formation and bonding of alane clusters on Al(111) surfaces studied by infrared absorption spectroscopy and theoretical modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE; ELECTRON-ENERGY LOSS; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON SURFACES; SODIUM ALANATE; ADSORPTION; TI; DESORPTION AB Alanes are believed to be the mass transport intermediate in many hydrogen storage reactions and thus important for understanding rehydrogenation kinetics for alanates and AlH(3). Combining density functional theory (DFT) and surface infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we provide atomistic details about the formation of alanes on the Al(111) surface, a model environment for the rehydrogenation reactions. At low coverage, DFT predicts a 2-fold bridge site adsorption for atomic hydrogen at 1150 cm(-1), which is too weak to be detected by IR but was previously observed in electron energy loss spectroscopy. At higher coverage, steps are the most favorable adsorption sites for atomic H adsorption, and it is likely that the AlH3 molecules form (initially strongly bound to steps) at saturation. With increasing exposures AlH3 is extracted from the step edge and becomes highly mobile on the terraces in a weakly bound state, accounting for step etching observed in previous STM studies. The mobility of these weakly bound AlH(3) molecules is the key factor leading to the growth of larger alanes through AlH3 oligomerization. The subsequent decomposition and desorption of alanes is also investigated and compared to previous temperature programmed desorption studies. C1 [Rangan, Sylvie; Veyan, Jean-Francois; Chabal, Yves J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Chaudhuri, Santanu] Washington State Univ, Appl Sci Lab, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. [Chaudhuri, Santanu] Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. [Muckerman, James T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Muckerman, James T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chabal, YJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM chabal@utdallas.edu RI Veyan, Jean-Francois/C-7823-2012; Chabal, Yves/A-5998-2011; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Rangan, Sylvie/H-6522-2013 OI Chabal, Yves/0000-0002-6435-0347; NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10576 EP 10587 DI 10.1021/ja800136k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800042 PM 18636724 ER PT J AU Hebden, TJ Denney, MC Pons, V Piccoli, PMB Koetzle, TF Schultz, AJ Kaminsky, W Goldberg, KI Heinekey, DM AF Hebden, Travis J. Denney, Melanie C. Pons, Vincent Piccoli, Paula M. B. Koetzle, Thomas F. Schultz, Arthur J. Kaminsky, Werner Goldberg, Karen I. Heinekey, D. Michael TI sigma-borane complexes of iridium: Synthesis and structural characterization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PINCER COMPLEXES; TRANSITION-METAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BORYL COMPLEXES; TETRAHYDROBORATE COMPLEXES; TRANSFER DEHYDROGENATION; HYDRIDE COMPLEX; AMMONIA-BORANE AB Reaction of NaBH(4) with (tBuPOCOP)IrHCI affords the previously reported complex (tBuPOCOP)-IrH(2)(BH(3)) (1) (tBuPOCOP = kappa(3)-C(6)H(3)-1,3-[OP(tBU)(2)](2)). The structure of 1 determined from neutron diffraction data contains a B-H sigma-bond to iridium with an elongated B-H bond distance of 1.45(5) angstrom. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1)over bar (Z = 2) with a = 8.262 (5) angstrom, b = 12.264 (5) angstrom, c = 13.394 (4) angstrom, and V= 1256.2 (1) angstrom(3) (30 K). Complex 1 can also be prepared by reaction of BH(3)center dot THF with (tBuPOCOP)IrH(2.) Reaction of (tBuPOCOP)IrH2 with pinacol borane gave initially complex 2, which is assigned a structure analogous to that of 1 based on spectroscopic measurements. Complex 2 evolves H(2) at room temperature leading to the borane complex 3, which is formed cleanly when 2 is subjected to dynamic vacuum. The structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction and consists of the (tBuPOCOP)Ir core with a sigma-bound pinacol borane ligand in an approximately square planar complex. Compound 3 crystallizes in the space group C2/c (Z= 4) with a = 41.2238 (2) angstrom, b = 11.1233 (2) angstrom, c = 14.6122 (3) angstrom, and V= 6700.21 (19) angstrom(3) (130 K). Reaction of (tBuPOCOP)IrH(2) with 9-borobicyclononane (9-BBN) affords complex 4. Complex 4 displays (1)H NMR resonances analogous to 1 and exists in equilibrium with (tBuPOCOP)IrH(2) in THF solutions. C1 [Hebden, Travis J.; Denney, Melanie C.; Pons, Vincent; Kaminsky, Werner; Goldberg, Karen I.; Heinekey, D. Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piccoli, Paula M. B.; Koetzle, Thomas F.; Schultz, Arthur J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heinekey, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM heinekey@chem.washington.edu NR 59 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 32 BP 10812 EP 10820 DI 10.1021/ja801898m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335MD UT WOS:000258293800069 PM 18642912 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Peng, Q Francisco, MS Wang, YJ Zeng, Q Yang, CH AF Yang, Shihui Peng, Quan Francisco, Michael San Wang, Yongjun Zeng, Quan Yang, Ching-Hong TI Type III Secretion System Genes of Dickeya dadantii 3937 Are Induced by Plant Phenolic Acids SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Dickeya dadantii is a broad-host range phytopathogen. D. dadantii 3937 (Ech3937) possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS), a major virulence factor secretion system in many Gram-negative pathogens of plants and animals. In Ech3937, the T3SS is regulated by two major regulatory pathways, HrpX/HrpY-HrpS-HrpL and GacS/GacA-rsmB-RsmA pathways. Although the plant apoplast environment, low pH, low temperature, and absence of complex nitrogen sources in media have been associated with the induction of T3SS genes of phytobacteria, no specific inducer has yet been identified. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this work, we identified two novel plant phenolic compounds, o-coumaric acid (OCA) and t-cinnamic acid (TCA), that induced the expression of T3SS genes dspE (a T3SS effector), hrpA (a structural protein of the T3SS pilus), and hrpN (a T3SS harpin) in vitro. Assays by qRT-PCR showed higher amounts of mRNA of hrpL (a T3SS alternative sigma factor) and rsmB (an untranslated regulatory RNA), but not hrpS (a sigma(54)- enhancer binding protein) of Ech3937 when these two plant compounds were supplemented into minimal medium (MM). However, promoter activity assays using flow cytometry showed similar promoter activities of hrpN in rsmB mutant Ech148 grown in MM and MM supplemented with these phenolic compounds. Compared with MM alone, only slightly higher promoter activities of hrpL were observed in bacterial cells grown in MM supplemented with OCA/TCA. Conclusion/Significance: The induction of T3SS expression by OCA and TCA is moderated through the rsmB-RsmA pathway. This is the first report of plant phenolic compounds that induce the expression T3SS genes of plant pathogenic bacteria. C1 [Yang, Shihui; Peng, Quan; Wang, Yongjun; Zeng, Quan; Yang, Ching-Hong] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Francisco, Michael San] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chyang@uwm.edu RI YANG, SHIHUI/A-6526-2008 OI YANG, SHIHUI/0000-0002-9394-9148 FU Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; National Science Foundation [EF-0332163] FX This project is supported by grants from a Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the National Science Foundation (award no. EF-0332163). NR 41 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e2973 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002973 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422FK UT WOS:000264412600057 PM 18698421 ER PT J AU Clark, MP Slater, AG Rupp, DE Woods, RA Vrugt, JA Gupta, HV Wagener, T Hay, LE AF Clark, Martyn P. Slater, Andrew G. Rupp, David E. Woods, Ross A. Vrugt, Jasper A. Gupta, Hoshin V. Wagener, Thorsten Hay, Lauren E. TI Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEMES; LAW TRANSMISSIVITY PROFILE; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; WATER-BALANCE; PILPS 2(D); TOPMODEL; RUNOFF; SOIL; PARAMETERIZATION; TRANSPIRATION AB The problems of identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure remain outstanding research challenges for the discipline of hydrology. Progress on these problems requires understanding of the nature of differences between models. This paper presents a methodology to diagnose differences in hydrological model structures: the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE was used to construct 79 unique model structures by combining components of 4 existing hydrological models. These new models were used to simulate streamflow in two of the basins used in the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): the Guadalupe River (Texas) and the French Broad River (North Carolina). Results show that the new models produced simulations of streamflow that were at least as good as the simulations produced by the models that participated in the MOPEX experiment. Our initial application of the FUSE method for the Guadalupe River exposed relationships between model structure and model performance, suggesting that the choice of model structure is just as important as the choice of model parameters. However, further work is needed to evaluate model simulations using multiple criteria to diagnose the relative importance of model structural differences in various climate regimes and to assess the amount of independent information in each of the models. This work will be crucial to both identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure. To facilitate research on these problems, the FORTRAN-90 source code for FUSE is available upon request from the lead author. C1 [Clark, Martyn P.; Woods, Ross A.] NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Gupta, Hoshin V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Rupp, David E.] DHI Water & Environm Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Slater, Andrew G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Clark, MP (reprint author), NIWA, POB 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM mp.clark@niwa.co.nz RI Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Woods, Ross/C-6696-2013; Slater, Andrew/B-4666-2008; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; Clark, Martyn/A-5560-2015; OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Woods, Ross/0000-0002-5732-5979; Clark, Martyn/0000-0002-2186-2625; SLATER, ANDREW/0000-0002-4009-4844; Slater, Andrew/0000-0003-0480-8560 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C01X0401]; National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NNG06GH10G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4310065] FX We are grateful to Yun Duan for information on the MOPEX experiment, to George Leavesley for information on the intricacies of the PRMS model, and to Hilary McMillan for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We are also indebted to three anonymous referees for their insightful comments. This research was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (contract C01X0401), the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (contract NNG06GH10G), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (contract NA06OAR4310065). NR 53 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00B02 DI 10.1029/2007WR006735 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 338OM UT WOS:000258517300001 ER PT J AU Wang, XQ Jiang, DE Dai, S AF Wang, Xiqing Jiang, De-en Dai, Sheng TI Surface modification of ordered mesoporous carbons via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SILICA; TEMPLATE; TRANSFORMATION; FRAMEWORKS; POLYMERS; ACID; C-60 C1 [Wang, Xiqing; Jiang, De-en; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Wang, Xiqing/E-3062-2010; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Wang, Xiqing/0000-0002-1843-008X; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 15 BP 4800 EP 4802 DI 10.1021/cm800717b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 334MI UT WOS:000258225500004 ER PT J AU DeLongchamp, DM Kline, RJ Jung, Y Lin, EK Fischer, DA Gundlach, DJ Cotts, SK Moad, AJ Richter, LJ Toney, MF Heeney, M McCulloch, I AF DeLongchamp, Dean M. Kline, R. Joseph Jung, Youngsuk Lin, Eric K. Fischer, Daniel A. Gundlach, David J. Cotts, Sarah K. Moad, Andrew J. Richter, Lee J. Toney, Michael F. Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain TI Molecular basis of mesophase ordering in a thiophene-based copolymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; POLARIZED ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); POLYFLUORENE; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; WEIGHT AB The carrier mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) semiconductors can be substantially enhanced after heating through a thermotropic mesophase transition, which causes a significant improvement in thin film structural order. By directly measuring film structure throughout a heating and cooling cycle, we identify the molecular origin of this mesophase transition as the melting of interdigitated linear alkane side chains, in this case quaterdecyl. The morphology and phase behavior throughout the thermal cycle are controlled by the changing conformation of the side chains. Surprisingly, the melting of the side chains allows increases in the backbone order, pi-pi stacking, and carrier mobility. Upon cooling, the side chains recrystallize to preserve the excellent mesophase order and enhanced electrical performance. C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Jung, Youngsuk; Lin, Eric K.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Gundlach, David J.; Cotts, Sarah K.; Moad, Andrew J.; Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Heeney, Martin] Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deand@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 35 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5709 EP 5715 DI 10.1021/ma800440f PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 334MP UT WOS:000258226200029 ER PT J AU Nedoma, AJ Robertson, ML Wanakule, NS Balsara, NP AF Nedoma, Alisyn J. Robertson, Megan L. Wanakule, Nisita S. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Measurements of the composition and molecular weight dependence of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER BLENDS; THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; COMPRESSIBILITY; COPOLYMERS; SEPARATION; POLYSTYRENE AB The phase behavior of binary blends of polyolefins is studied using small-angle neutron scattering. Component 1 is polyisobutylene (PIB), and component 2 is deuterated polybutadiene (dPB). Blends of these polymers are known to exhibit lower critical solution temperatures. The scattering intensity profiles from homogeneous PIB/dPB blends are fit to the random phase approximation to determine chi, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. We demonstrate that chi depends on temperature, blend composition, and component molecular weights. C1 [Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Robertson, Megan L.; Wanakule, Nisita S.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu OI Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5773 EP 5779 DI 10.1021/ma800698r PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 334MP UT WOS:000258226200036 ER PT J AU McGarrity, ES Duxbury, PM Mackay, ME Frischknecht, AL AF McGarrity, Erin S. Duxbury, Phillip M. Mackay, Michael E. Frischknecht, Amalie L. TI Calculation of entropic terms governing nanoparticle self-assembly in polymer films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES C1 [McGarrity, Erin S.; Mackay, Michael E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Duxbury, Phillip M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Frischknecht, Amalie L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McGarrity, ES (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5952 EP 5954 DI 10.1021/ma801003e PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 334MP UT WOS:000258226200058 ER PT J AU Fan, ZY Ho, JC Jacobson, ZA Razavi, H Javey, A AF Fan, Zhiyong Ho, Johnny C. Jacobson, Zachery A. Razavi, Haleh Javey, Ali TI Large-scale, heterogeneous integration of nanowire arrays for image sensor circuitry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nanomaterials; printable electronics; devices; transistors; imager ID CARBON-NANOTUBE TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS; LOGIC; TRANSPARENT; FABRICATION; SPEED; GAIN AB We report large-scale integration of nanowires for heterogeneous, multifunctional circuitry that utilizes both the sensory and electronic functionalities of single crystalline nanomaterials. Highly ordered and parallel arrays of optically active CdSe nanowires and high-mobility Ge/Si nanowires are deterministically positioned on substrates, and configured as photodiodes and transistors, respectively. The nanowire sensors and electronic devices are then interfaced to enable an all-nanowire circuitry with on-chip integration, capable of detecting and amplifying an optical signal with high sensitivity and precision. Notably, the process is highly reproducible and scalable with a yield of approximate to 80% functional circuits, therefore, enabling the fabrication of large arrays (i.e., 13 x 20) of nanowire photosensor circuitry with image-sensing functionality. The ability to interface nanowire sensors with integrated electronics on large scales and with high uniformity presents an important advance toward the integration of nanomaterials for sensor applications. C1 [Fan, Zhiyong; Ho, Johnny C.; Jacobson, Zachery A.; Razavi, Haleh; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fan, Zhiyong; Ho, Johnny C.; Jacobson, Zachery A.; Javey, Ali] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Microsystems Technology Office; Intel; Materials Structures and Device Focus Center; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX We thank A. M. Peczalski for insightful discussions, and Professor M. Wu and Dr. K. Yu for help with optical measurements. All fabrication was performed in the Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory. This work was supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Microsystems Technology Office, Intel, and Materials Structures and Device Focus Center. The nanowire synthesis was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. J.C.H received a graduate fellowship from Intel Foundation. NR 38 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 32 BP 11066 EP 11070 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801994105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339EK UT WOS:000258560700009 PM 18685094 ER PT J AU Georgescu, RE Yurieva, O Kim, SS Kuriyan, J Kong, XP O'Donnell, M AF Georgescu, Roxana E. Yurieva, Olga Kim, Seung-Sup Kuriyan, John Kong, Xiang-Peng O'Donnell, Mike TI Structure of a small-molecule inhibitor of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE antibiotic target; rational drug design; fluorescence anisotropy; crystallography ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REPLICATION MACHINE; III HOLOENZYME; PROCESSIVITY; SUBUNIT; PCNA; COMPETITION; BINDING; SWITCH AB DNA polymerases attach to the DNA sliding clamp through a common overlapping binding site. We identify a small-molecule compound that binds the protein-binding site in the Escherichia coli beta-clamp and differentially affects the activity of DNA polymerases II, III, and IV. To understand the molecular basis of this discrimination, the cocrystal structure of the chemical inhibitor is solved in complex with beta and is compared with the structures of Pol II, Pot III, and Pol IV peptides bound to beta. The analysis reveals that the small molecule localizes in a region of the clamp to which the DNA polymerases attach in different ways. The results suggest that the small molecule may be useful in the future to probe polymerase function with beta, and that the beta-clamp may represent an antibiotic target. C1 [Georgescu, Roxana E.; Yurieva, Olga; O'Donnell, Mike] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Georgescu, Roxana E.; Yurieva, Olga] Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kim, Seung-Sup; Kong, Xiang-Peng] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP O'Donnell, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave,POB 228, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM odonnel@rockefeller.edu RI Georgescu, Roxana/B-9943-2011; OI Kong, Xiang-Peng/0000-0001-5773-2681; O'Donnell, Michael/0000-0001-9002-4214 FU National Institutes of Health [GM38839, GM70841, GM45547] FX We thank Chuck Karan for help at the Rockefeller University Screening facility and the staff at beamlines X4a and X25 of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven, NY. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM38839 (to M.O.D.), GM70841 (to X-P.K.), and GM45547 (to J.K.). NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 32 BP 11116 EP 11121 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804754105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339EK UT WOS:000258560700018 PM 18678908 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Zhou, D Puscasu, I Johnson, E Taylor, A Zhao, W AF Biswas, R. Zhou, D. Puscasu, I. Johnson, E. Taylor, A. Zhao, W. TI Sharp thermal emission and absorption from conformally coated metallic photonic crystal with triangular lattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; TRANSMISSION; GENERATION AB A metallic photonic crystal consisting of a triangular lattice of holes in a silicon layer coated with gold is fabricated at a lattice pitch of 3.75 mu m using conventional lithographic methods. The photonic crystal exhibits a deep reflection minimum and sharp thermal emission peak near the lattice spacing. Scattering matrix simulations agree well with measurements. This simple structure with a single patterned metallic layer has no emission sidebands and can be scaled to other lattice spacings to tune the wavelength of the absorption and emission peak. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Biswas, R.; Zhou, D.; Zhao, W.] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, R.; Zhou, D.; Zhao, W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Puscasu, I.; Johnson, E.; Taylor, A.] ICX Photon, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biswasr@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECS-06013177]; ICX-Photonics (formerly Ion-Optics) [DMI-0450397]; Iowa State University [DE-AC0207CH11385] FX We acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. ECS-06013177 at Iowa State University and DMI-0450397 at ICX-Photonics (formerly Ion-Optics). We thank L. Garcia and W. Strazheim for technical help. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11385. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 6 AR 063307 DI 10.1063/1.2971168 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338FH UT WOS:000258491000065 ER PT J AU Kareev, M Prosandeev, S Liu, J Gan, C Kareev, A Freeland, JW Xiao, M Chakhalian, J AF Kareev, M. Prosandeev, S. Liu, J. Gan, C. Kareev, A. Freeland, J. W. Xiao, Min Chakhalian, J. TI Atomic control and characterization of surface defect states of TiO(2) terminated SrTiO(3) single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITONS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; INTERFACE; OXIDES AB By using an alternative wet-etch procedure, we have obtained high-quality atomically flat TiO(2) terminated surfaces of SrTiO(3) single crystals with the morphology equivalent to that of the conventional wet-etch methods. By applying a combined power of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy imaging, and soft x-ray absorption (XAS), we were able to identify and monitor the complex evolution of oxygen defect states and Ti valency at the surface and near-surface layers. Our experiments revealed a high level of local defects resulting in the presence of the Ti(3+) states at the surface. We have developed a method to control the defect states capable of a marked reduction of the defect concentration. We have demonstrated that the PL and XAS are able to distinguish the surface-related Ti(3+) states from oxygen vacancies trapping charge transfer vibronic excitons that define the PL intensity. The experimental findings will have important implications for the growth of high-quality ultrathin complex oxide heterostructures. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kareev, M.; Prosandeev, S.; Liu, J.; Gan, C.; Kareev, A.; Xiao, Min; Chakhalian, J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kareev, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM mkareev@uark.edu RI Liu, Jian/I-6746-2013; Xiao, Min/F-6184-2013; Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0001-7962-2547; FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOD-ARO [0402-17291, W911NF-05-10353]; NSF [DMR-0747808] FX Work at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. J.C. was supported by DOD-ARO under the Contract No. 0402-17291 and NSF Contract No. DMR-0747808. M. X. was partially supported by DOD-ARO under Contract No. W911NF-05-10353. We would like to thank H.-N. Lee for providing the BHF treated crystals. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 6 AR 061909 DI 10.1063/1.2971035 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338FH UT WOS:000258491000025 ER PT J AU Ohriner, EK AF Ohriner, E. K. TI Purification of iridium by electron beam melting SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metals and alloys; high temperature alloys; thermodynamic modeling; iridium; purification ID PLATINUM METALS; ALLOYS; SYSTEM; IMPURITIES; SILICON AB The purification of iridium metal by electron beam melting has been characterized for 48 impurity elements. Chemical analysis was performed by glow discharge mass spectrographic (GDMS) analysis for all elements except carbon, which was analyzed by combustion. The average levels of individual elemental impurities in the starting powder varied from 37 mu g/g to 0.02 mu g/g. The impurity elements Li, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Ce, Tl, Ph, and Bi were not detectable following the purification. No significant change in the concentration of the elements Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Re was found following melting. The elements B, C, Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Ru, Rh, and Pt were partially removed by vaporization during electron beam melting. Langmuir's equation for ideal vaporization into a vacuum was used to calculate for each impurity element the expected ratio of impurity content after melting to that before melting. Equilibrium vapor pressures were calculated using Henry's law, with activity coefficients obtained from published data for the elements Fe, Ti, and Pt. Activity coefficients were estimated from enthalpy data for A], Si, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf and an ideal solution model was used for the remaining elements. The melt temperature was estimated from measured iridium weight loss and impurity measurements. Good agreement, either quantitative or qualitative, was found between measured and calculated impurity ratios for all impurity elements. The results are consistent with some localized heating of the melt pool due to rastering of the electron beam, with an average vaporization temperature of 3100 K as compared to a temperature of 2965 K calculated for uniform heating of the melt pool. The results are also consistent with ideal mixing in the melt pool. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ohriner, EK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ohrinerek@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 461 IS 1-2 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.067 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 331TW UT WOS:000258036500124 ER PT J AU Lavender, CA Hong, ST Smith, MT Johnson, RT Lahrman, D AF Lavender, Curt A. Hong, Sung-Tae Smith, Mark T. Johnson, Robert T. Lahrman, David TI The effect of laser shock peening on the life and failure mode of a cold pilger die SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser shock peening; residual stress; failure; pilger die AB The laser shock peening (LSP) process was used to increase life of pilger dies made of A2 tool steel by imparting compressive residual stresses to failure prone areas of the dies. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that deep, high-magnitude compressive residual stresses were generated by the laser shock peening process, and the peened dies exhibited a significant increase of in-service life. Fractography of the failed dies indicates that the failure mechanism was altered by the peening process. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lavender, Curt A.; Hong, Sung-Tae; Smith, Mark T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Johnson, Robert T.] Sandvik Special Met, Kennewick, WA 99337 USA. [Lahrman, David] LSP Technol, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. RP Lavender, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM curt.lavender@pnl.gov RI Choi, Seungtae/C-6821-2011; Hong, Sung Tae/K-2720-2015 OI Choi, Seungtae/0000-0002-4119-9787; Hong, Sung Tae/0000-0003-2263-7099 NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 204 IS 1-3 BP 486 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.02.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 324KO UT WOS:000257517700061 ER PT J AU Rapetti, D Allen, SW Mantz, A AF Rapetti, David Allen, Steven W. Mantz, Adam TI The prospects for constraining dark energy with future X-ray cluster gas mass fraction measurements SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory ID LUMINOUS GALAXY CLUSTERS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; ZELDOVICH EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; INTEGRATED SACHS-WOLFE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM AB We examine the ability of a future X-ray observatory, with capabilities similar to those planned for the Constellation-X or X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy (XEUS) missions, to constrain dark energy via measurements of the cluster X-ray gas mass fraction, f(gas). We find that f(gas) measurements for a sample of similar to 500 hot (kT greater than or similar to 5 keV), X-ray bright, dynamically relaxed clusters, to a precision of similar to 5 per cent, can be used to constrain dark energy with a Dark Energy Task Force (DETF) figure of merit of 15-40, with the possibility of boosting these values by 40 per cent or more by optimizing the redshift distribution of target clusters. Such constraints are comparable to those predicted by the DETF for other leading, planned 'Stage IV' dark energy experiments. A future f(gas) experiment will be preceded by a large X-ray or Sunyaev-Zel'dovich survey that will find hot, X-ray luminous clusters out to high redshifts. Short 'snapshot' observations with the new X-ray observatory should then be able to identify a sample of similar to 500 suitably relaxed systems. The redshift, temperature and X-ray luminosity range of interest has already been partially probed by existing X-ray cluster surveys which allow reasonable estimates of the fraction of clusters that will be suitably relaxed for f(gas) work to be made; these surveys also show that X-ray flux contamination from point sources is likely to be small for the majority of the targets of interest. Our analysis uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method which fully captures the relevant degeneracies between parameters and facilitates the incorporation of priors and systematic uncertainties in the analysis. We explore the effects of such uncertainties for scenarios ranging from optimistic to pessimistic. We conclude that the fgas experiment offers a competitive and complementary approach to the best other large, planned dark energy experiments. In particular, the f(gas) experiment will provide tight constraints on the mean matter and dark energy densities, with a peak sensitivity for dark energy work at redshifts mid-way between those of supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillation/weak lensing/cluster number count experiments. In combination, these experiments should enable a precise measurement of the evolution of dark energy. C1 [Rapetti, David; Allen, Steven W.; Mantz, Adam] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rapetti, David; Allen, Steven W.; Mantz, Adam] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rapetti, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM drapetti@slac.stanford.edu RI Rapetti, David/E-6032-2015 OI Rapetti, David/0000-0003-2196-6675 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [DD5-6031X, NAS8-03060]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; William R. and Sara Hart Kimball Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX We thank the members of the Constellation-X Facility Science Team (FST) for detailed discussions relating to the technical capabilities of the mission, especially N. White, H. Tananbaum and R. Mushotzky. DR thanks the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for hospitality during the 2006 December Con-X FST meeting. We are grateful to A. Jenkins for sharing with us his code to calculate the mass function of dark matter haloes, and thank S. Church and J. Weller for discussions. We also thank G. Mort-is for technical support. The Computational analysis was carried Out using the KIPAC XOC and Orange computer clusterg at SLAC, and the SLAC UNIX compute farm. SWA acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number DD5-6031X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Centre, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This work was also supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515. AM was additionally supported in part by a William R. and Sara Hart Kimball Stanford Graduate Fellowship. NR 114 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 3 BP 1265 EP 1278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13460.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342UE UT WOS:000258808300029 ER PT J AU Adorisio, C Aielli, G Alexopoulos, T Amaral, P Amelung, C Avolio, G Avramidou, R Bagnaia, P Barisonzi, M Barone, M Bauer, F Benhammou, I Bensinger, J Beretta, M Bobbink, G Borisov, A Boterenbrood, H Boyko, I Braccini, S Branchini, P Bressler, S Canale, V Caprio, M Cardarelli, R Cataldi, G Cerutti, F Chapman, J Chelkov, G Chiodini, G Ciapetti, G Cirilli, M Dedovich, D Della Pietra, M Della Volpe, D De Asmundis, R Di Ciaccio, A Di Domenico, A Di Simone, A Dubbert, J Etzion, E Fakhrutdinov, R Falciano, S Ferrari, R Formica, A Fukunaga, C Gaudio, G Gazis, E Giraud, PF Gorini, E Grancagnolo, F Gregory, J Groenstege, H Guyot, C Harel, A Hart, R Hashemi, K Hassani, S Horvat, S Ichimiya, R Iengo, P Ikeno, M Ioannou, P Iodice, M Ishino, M Kataoka, Y Konig, A Kortner, O Kourkoumelis, C Kozhin, A Kroha, H Krumshteyn, Z Kurashige, H Lacava, F Lancon, E Lanza, A Laporte, JF Lellouch, D Levin, D Levinson, L Lifshitz, R Linde, F Luci, C Lupu, N Maccarrone, G Maeno, T Mair, K Maltezos, S Manz, A Meoni, E Mikenberg, G Mockett, P Mohrdieck-Moeck, S Nagano, K Nikolaev, K Nikolaidou, R Nisati, A Nomoto, H Orestano, D Palestini, S Pasqualucci, E Pastore, F Perrino, R Petrucci, F Polesello, G Policicchio, A Pomarede, D Ponsot, P Pontecorvo, L Primavera, M Rauscher, F Rebuzzi, D Richter, R Rosati, S Rothberg, J Sakamoto, H Santonico, R Sasaki, O Schricker, A Schuler, G Schune, P Spagnolo, S Spiwoks, R Staude, A Stavropoulos, G Sugaya, Y Tanaka, S Tarem, S Thun, R Trigger, I Tsipolitis, G Valderanis, C Valente, P Vandelli, W Vari, R Veneziano, S Vermeulen, J Wengler, T Werneke, P Wijnen, T Wolter, M Woudstra, M Yasu, Y Zema, PF Zhao, Z Zhemchugov, A Zhou, B van Eldik, N van der Graaf, H AF Adorisio, C. Aielli, G. Alexopoulos, T. Amaral, P. Amelung, C. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Bagnaia, P. Barisonzi, M. Barone, M. Bauer, F. Benhammou, I. Bensinger, J. Beretta, M. Bobbink, G. Borisov, A. Boterenbrood, H. Boyko, I. Braccini, S. Branchini, P. Bressler, S. Canale, V. Caprio, M. Cardarelli, R. Cataldi, G. Cerutti, F. Chapman, J. Chelkov, G. Chiodini, G. Ciapetti, G. Cirilli, M. Dedovich, D. Della Pietra, M. Della Volpe, D. De Asmundis, R. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Domenico, A. Di Simone, A. Dubbert, J. Etzion, E. Fakhrutdinov, R. Falciano, S. Ferrari, R. Formica, A. Fukunaga, C. Gaudio, G. Gazis, E. Giraud, P. F. Gorini, E. Grancagnolo, F. Gregory, J. Groenstege, H. Guyot, C. Harel, A. Hart, R. Hashemi, K. Hassani, S. Horvat, S. Ichimiya, R. Iengo, P. Ikeno, M. Ioannou, P. Iodice, M. Ishino, M. Kataoka, Y. Konig, A. Kortner, O. Kourkoumelis, C. Kozhin, A. Kroha, H. Krumshteyn, Z. Kurashige, H. Lacava, F. Lancon, E. Lanza, A. Laporte, J. F. Lellouch, D. Levin, D. Levinson, L. Lifshitz, R. Linde, F. Luci, C. Lupu, N. Maccarrone, G. Maeno, T. Mair, K. Maltezos, S. Manz, A. Meoni, E. Mikenberg, G. Mockett, P. Mohrdieck-Moeck, S. Nagano, K. Nikolaev, K. Nikolaidou, R. Nisati, A. Nomoto, H. Orestano, D. Palestini, S. Pasqualucci, E. Pastore, F. Perrino, R. Petrucci, F. Polesello, G. Policicchio, A. Pomarede, D. Ponsot, P. Pontecorvo, L. Primavera, M. Rauscher, F. Rebuzzi, D. Richter, R. Rosati, S. Rothberg, J. Sakamoto, H. Santonico, R. Sasaki, O. Schricker, A. Schuler, G. Schune, P. Spagnolo, S. Spiwoks, R. Staude, A. Stavropoulos, G. Sugaya, Y. Tanaka, S. Tarem, S. Thun, R. Trigger, I. Tsipolitis, G. Valderanis, C. Valente, P. Vandelli, W. Vari, R. Veneziano, S. Vermeulen, J. Wengler, T. Werneke, P. Wijnen, T. Wolter, M. Woudstra, M. Yasu, Y. Zema, P. F. Zhao, Z. Zhemchugov, A. Zhou, B. van Eldik, N. van der Graaf, H. TI System test of the ATLAS muon spectrometer in the H8 beam at the CERN SPS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE ATLAS muon spectrometer; test beam; SPS; CERN ID THIN GAP CHAMBERS; X-RAY TOMOGRAPH; TRACKING CHAMBER; QUALITY-CONTROL; TRIGGER SYSTEM; ELECTRONICS; ALIGNMENT; DETECTOR; KLOE; LHC AB We describe a system test of the ATLAS muon spectrometer performed at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) during 2003. The setup includes one barrel tower made of six Monitored Drift Tube chambers equipped with an alignment system and four Resistive Plate Chambers, and one end-cap octant consisting of six end-cap MDT equipped with an alignment system and one triplet and two doublets of Thin Gap Chambers. Many system aspects of the muon spectrometer have been studied with this setup, from the performance of the precision and trigger chambers to the capability to align the precision chambers at the level of a few tens of micrometers and to operate the muon trigger at the crossing frequency of the LHC. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bagnaia, P.; Ciapetti, G.; Cirilli, M.; Di Domenico, A.; Falciano, S.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Nisati, A.; Pasqualucci, E.; Pastore, F.; Pontecorvo, L.; Valente, P.; Vari, R.; Veneziano, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bagnaia, P.; Ciapetti, G.; Cirilli, M.; Di Domenico, A.; Falciano, S.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Nisati, A.; Pasqualucci, E.; Pastore, F.; Pontecorvo, L.; Valente, P.; Vari, R.; Veneziano, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Lupu, N.; Stavropoulos, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bensinger, J.; Hashemi, K.; Lupu, N.] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. [Amaral, P.; Amelung, C.; Cerutti, F.; Maeno, T.; Mair, K.; Palestini, S.; Rosati, S.; Schricker, A.; Schuler, G.; Spiwoks, R.; Trigger, I.; Wengler, T.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Barone, M.; Beretta, M.; Braccini, S.; Cerutti, F.; Maccarrone, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Boyko, I.; Chelkov, G.; Dedovich, D.; Krumshteyn, Z.; Nikolaev, K.; Zhemchugov, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Ishino, M.; Kataoka, Y.; Nomoto, H.; Sakamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, ICEPP, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Adorisio, C.; Avolio, G.; Meoni, E.; Policicchio, A.; Zema, P. F.] Univ Calabria, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Adorisio, C.; Avolio, G.; Meoni, E.; Policicchio, A.; Zema, P. F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Cataldi, G.; Chiodini, G.; Gorini, E.; Grancagnolo, F.; Perrino, R.; Primavera, M.; Spagnolo, S.] Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Cataldi, G.; Chiodini, G.; Gorini, E.; Grancagnolo, F.; Perrino, R.; Primavera, M.; Spagnolo, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Canale, V.; Caprio, M.; Della Pietra, M.; Della Volpe, D.; De Asmundis, R.; Iengo, P.] Univ Naples Federico 2, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Canale, V.; Caprio, M.; Della Pietra, M.; Della Volpe, D.; De Asmundis, R.; Iengo, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Ferrari, R.; Gaudio, G.; Lanza, A.; Polesello, G.; Rebuzzi, D.; Vandelli, W.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Ferrari, R.; Gaudio, G.; Lanza, A.; Polesello, G.; Rebuzzi, D.; Vandelli, W.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Cardarelli, R.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Di Simone, A.; Santonico, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cardarelli, R.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Di Simone, A.; Santonico, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Branchini, P.; Iodice, M.; Orestano, D.; Petrucci, F.] Univ Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Branchini, P.; Iodice, M.; Orestano, D.; Petrucci, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Dubbert, J.; Rauscher, F.; Staude, A.] Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Avramidou, R.; Chapman, J.; Gregory, J.; Levin, D.; Thun, R.; Zhao, Z.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Horvat, S.; Kortner, O.; Kroha, H.; Manz, A.; Mohrdieck-Moeck, S.; Richter, R.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Barisonzi, M.; Bobbink, G.; Boterenbrood, H.; Groenstege, H.; Hart, R.; Konig, A.; Linde, F.; Vermeulen, J.; Werneke, P.; Wijnen, T.; Woudstra, M.; van Eldik, N.; van der Graaf, H.] NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ikeno, M.; Nagano, K.; Sasaki, O.; Tanaka, S.; Yasu, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Ichimiya, R.; Kurashige, H.] Kobe Univ, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Alexopoulos, T.; Gazis, E.; Maltezos, S.; Tsipolitis, G.; Valderanis, C.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-15780 Zografos, Greece. [Ioannou, P.; Kourkoumelis, C.] Univ Athens, Ilissia 15701, Greece. [Sugaya, Y.] Osaka Univ, Nucl Phys Res Ctr, Osaka, Japan. [Borisov, A.; Fakhrutdinov, R.; Kozhin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. [Bauer, F.; Formica, A.; Giraud, P. F.; Guyot, C.; Hassani, S.; Lancon, E.; Laporte, J. F.; Nikolaidou, R.; Pomarede, D.; Ponsot, P.; Schune, P.] CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mockett, P.; Rothberg, J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolter, M.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Wolter, M.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Bressler, S.; Harel, A.; Lifshitz, R.; Tarem, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Benhammou, I.; Etzion, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Fukunaga, C.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Lellouch, D.; Levinson, L.; Mikenberg, G.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Pasqualucci, E (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ple Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM enrico.pasqualucci@roma1.infn.it RI Veneziano, Stefano/J-1610-2012; valente, paolo/A-6640-2010; Perrino, Roberto/B-4633-2010; Di Domenico, Antonio/G-6301-2011; spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012; Della Pietra, Massimo/J-5008-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Boyko, Igor/J-3659-2013; Di Simone, Andrea/K-6609-2013; Bauer, Florian/G-8816-2011; branchini, paolo/A-4857-2011; Petrucci, Fabrizio/G-8348-2012; Kurashige, Hisaya/H-4916-2012; Grancagnolo, Francesco/K-2857-2015; OI Veneziano, Stefano/0000-0002-2598-2659; valente, paolo/0000-0002-5413-0068; Perrino, Roberto/0000-0002-5764-7337; Di Domenico, Antonio/0000-0001-8078-2759; spagnolo, stefania/0000-0001-7482-6348; Della Pietra, Massimo/0000-0003-4446-3368; Boyko, Igor/0000-0002-3355-4662; Di Simone, Andrea/0000-0003-0201-3377; Petrucci, Fabrizio/0000-0002-5278-2206; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Vari, Riccardo/0000-0002-2814-1337; Grancagnolo, Francesco/0000-0002-9367-3380; Della Volpe, Domenico/0000-0001-8530-7447; Pomarede, Daniel/0000-0003-2038-0488 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 232 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.027 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700007 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Contarato, D Franchino, S Giubilato, P Glesener, L Hooberman, B Pantano, D AF Battaglia, Marco Bisello, Dario Bolla, Gino Bortoletto, Daniela Contarato, Devis Franchino, Silvia Giubilato, Piero Glesener, Lindsay Hooberman, Benjamin Pantano, Devis TI Tracking and vertexing with a thin CMOS pixel beam telescope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE monolithic pixel sensor; particle track and vertex reconstruction ID SENSORS; SIMULATION; DETECTOR; ILC AB We present results of a study of charged particle track and vertex reconstruction with a beam telescope made of four layers of 50 pm-thin CMOS monolithic pixel sensors using the 120 GeV protons at the FNAL Meson Test Beam Facility. We compare our results to the performance requirements of a future e(+)e(-)linear collider in terms of particle track extrapolation and vertex reconstruction accuracies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Battaglia, Marco; Contarato, Devis; Franchino, Silvia; Giubilato, Piero; Glesener, Lindsay; Hooberman, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, Marco; Glesener, Lindsay; Hooberman, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bolla, Gino; Bortoletto, Daniela] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Franchino, Silvia] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Pavia, Italy. [Franchino, Silvia] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-35131 Pavia, Italy. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBattaglia@lbl.gov OI Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.019 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700011 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, Y Taniguchi, S Nakao, N Itoga, T Yashima, H Nakamura, T Satoh, D Nakane, Y Nakashima, H Kirihara, Y Hagiwara, M Iwase, H Oishi, K Tamii, A Hatanaka, K AF Iwamoto, Yosuke Taniguchi, Shingo Nakao, Noriaki Itoga, Toshiro Yashima, Hiroshi Nakamura, Takashi Satoh, Daiki Nakane, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Hiroshi Kirihara, Yoichi Hagiwara, Masayuki Iwase, Hiroshi Oishi, Koji Tamii, Atsushi Hatanaka, Kichiji TI Measurement of thick target neutron yields at 0 degrees bombarded with 140, 250 and 350 MeV protons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE thick target neutron yield; proton incidence; 0 degrees; nuclear data; intermediate energy region ID STOPPING-LENGTH TARGETS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SCINTILLATOR; SCATTERING; FE AB Neutron energy spectra at 0 degrees produced from stopping-length graphite, aluminum, iron and lead targets bombarded with 140, 250 and 350 MeV protons were measured at the neutron TOF course in RCNP of Osaka University. The neutron energy spectra were obtained by using the time-of-flight technique in the energy range from 10 MeV to incident proton energy. To compare the experimental results, Monte Carlo calculations with the PHITS and MCNPX codes were performed using the JENDL-HE and the LA150 evaluated nuclear data files, the ISOBAR model implemented in PHITS, and the LAHET code in MCNPX. It was found that these calculated results at 0 degrees generally agreed with the experimental results in the energy range above 20 MeV except for graphite at 250 and 350 MeV. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iwamoto, Yosuke; Satoh, Daiki; Nakane, Yoshihiro; Nakashima, Hiroshi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Nakao, Noriaki] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Itoga, Toshiro; Nakamura, Takashi] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Cyclotron & Radioisotope, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Yashima, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Oishi, Koji] Shimizu Corp, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. [Tamii, Atsushi; Hatanaka, Kichiji] Osaka Univ, Nucl Phys Res Ctr, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. RP Iwamoto, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM iwamoto.yosuke@jaea.go.jp RI Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012; OI Iwamoto, Yosuke/0000-0003-4688-6508 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.013 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700012 ER PT J AU Sun, YJ Li, C Shao, M Gui, B Zhao, YE Chen, HF Xu, ZB Ruan, LJ Lin, GJ Wang, X Wang, Y Tang, ZB Eppley, G Fachini, P Kohl, M Liu, J Llope, WJ Majka, R Nussbaun, T Ramberg, E Sakuma, T Simon, F Smirnov, N Surrow, B Underwood, D AF Sun, Y. J. Li, C. Shao, M. Gui, B. Zhao, Y. E. Chen, H. F. Xu, Z. B. Ruan, L. J. Lin, G. J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Tang, Z. B. Eppley, G. Fachini, P. Kohl, M. Liu, J. Llope, W. J. Majka, R. Nussbaun, T. Ramberg, E. Sakuma, T. Simon, F. Smirnov, N. Surrow, B. Underwood, D. TI New prototype multi-gap resistive plate chambers with long strips SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Multi-gap resistive plate chambers; Time-of-flight; time resolution; Muon telescope detector AB A new kind of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) has been built for the large-area Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) for the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These long read-out strip Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (LMRPCs) have an active area of 87.0 x 17.0 cm(2) and ten 250 pm-thick gas gaps arranged as a double stack. Each read-out strip is 2.5 cm wide and 90 cm long. The signals are read-out at both ends of each strip. Cosmic ray tests indicate a time resolution of similar to 70ps and a detection efficiency of greater than 95%. Beam tests performed at T963 at Fermilab indicate a time resolution of 60-70ps and a spatial resolution of similar to 1 cm along the strip direction. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Y. J.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Gui, B.; Zhao, Y. E.; Chen, H. F.; Tang, Z. B.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Z. B.; Ruan, L. J.; Fachini, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lin, G. J.; Majka, R.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Wang, X.; Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Eppley, G.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; Nussbaun, T.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Kohl, M.; Sakuma, T.; Surrow, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Underwood, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ramberg, E.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Excellence Cluster Univers, Munich, Germany. RP Sun, YJ (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM licheng@ustc.edu.cn RI Tang, Zebo/A-9939-2014 OI Tang, Zebo/0000-0002-4247-0081 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775131, 10620120287, 10610285, 10675072, 10775082]; Chinese Academy of Science, BNL LDRD [07007]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20070410784] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10775131, in part 10620120287, 10610285, 10675072 and 10775082), Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Science, BNL LDRD project (07007) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20070410784). We thank Fermilab for the allocation of beam time and the support of beam operations. One of us (Lijuan Ruan) would like to thank the Battelle Memorial Institute and Stony Brook University for support in the form of the Gertrude and Maurice Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.042 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700013 ER PT J AU Maenpaa, T Luukka, P Betchart, B Czellar, S Demina, R Gotra, Y Frey, M Hartmann, F Harkonen, J Korjenevski, S Kortelainen, MJ Lampen, T Ledermann, B Lemaitre, V Liamsuwan, T Militaru, O Moilanen, H Simonis, HJ Spiegel, L Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Tuominiemi, J AF Maenpaa, T. Luukka, P. Betchart, B. Czellar, S. Demina, R. Gotra, Y. Frey, M. Hartmann, F. Harkonen, J. Korjenevski, S. Kortelainen, M. J. Lampen, T. Ledermann, B. Lemaitre, V. Liamsuwan, T. Militaru, O. Moilanen, H. Simonis, H. J. Spiegel, L. Tuominen, E. Tuovinen, E. Tuominiemi, J. TI Silicon beam telescope for LHC upgrade tests SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE particle tracking telescope; APV25 based readout ID MICROSTRIP DETECTORS; RADIATION HARDNESS; PERFORMANCE; TRACKER; CHIP AB A beam telescope based on the CMS Tracker data acquisition prototype cards has been developed in order to test sensor candidates for S-LHC tracking systems. The telescope consists of up to eight reference silicon microstrip modules and slots for a couple of test modules. Beam tracks, as measured by the reference modules, provide a means of determining the position resolution and efficiency of the test modules. The impact point precision of reference tracks at the location of the test modules is about 4 mu m. This note presents a detailed description of the silicon beam telescope (SiBT) along with some results from its initial operation in summer 2007 in the CERN H-2 beamline. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maenpaa, T.; Luukka, P.; Czellar, S.; Harkonen, J.; Kortelainen, M. J.; Lampen, T.; Moilanen, H.; Tuominen, E.; Tuovinen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Betchart, B.; Demina, R.; Gotra, Y.; Korjenevski, S.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Frey, M.; Hartmann, F.; Liamsuwan, T.; Simonis, H. J.] Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Lemaitre, V.; Militaru, O.] Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Spiegel, L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Maenpaa, T (reprint author), Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. EM tm@iki.fi RI Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 FU Academy of Finland FX We wish to express our thanks to the DO collaboration for the Run IIb sensors for the SiBT reference plane modules and to Dr. Laurent Mirabito for the XDAQ rc-1205 software release. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Dragoslav-Laza Lazic and the CMS HCAL collaboration for their valuable technical assistance and co-operation at the CERN H2 experimental area. This work has partially been funded by the Academy of Finland. These results have been obtained in the frameworks of CERN CMS and RD50 collaborations. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.012 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700040 ER PT J AU Weier, DR Lo Presti, CA Bates, DJ AF Weier, Dennis R. Lo Presti, Charles A. Bates, Derrick J. TI Impact of point-source injection methodologies on injection studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation detection; portal monitors; injection studies; plastic-scintillator detectors; energy windows ID PORTAL MONITORS AB Effective interdiction of illicit radioactive material requires decision criteria that are sensitive to the material of interest, while insensitive to material of lesser interest. Injection studies are used to assess the sensitivities of decision criteria to radioactive threat scenarios. Configuring injection studies requires decisions about methodological factors that represent or simplify actual field conditions. Understanding the. relative impact of different source injection methods on alarm rates and other outcome measures is vital for interpreting results of injection studies. The most complete and realistic way to inject point-source counts into a vehicle count profile is with the randomly positioned source profile approach. In this paper, we report a study of the impacts of methodological simplifications to this approach. We assessed relative sensitivity of two field-deployed detection algorithms to two experimental factors in point-source injection studies. The first factor featured "centered" versus "random" point-source position along the vehicle count profile. The second factor featured either adding the entire injection profile ("profile injection") or adding only the central "spike" portion of the injection profile nearest to the point-source position ("spike injection"). A collection of 75 059 archived vehicle count profiles from an operating border crossing were injected with a simulated low-energy gamma-ray point-source intended to emulate surrogates of highly enriched uranium or plutonium. Outcomes were assessed by means of injection curves (alarm rate vs. injection source size) and a derived measure, minimum detectable count rates (MDC) required to attain a detection probability of 95%. Results show that injection methodology combined with algorithm impacts study outcomes in different ways. For gross count results, centered spike injections yield higher detection sensitivity than centered profile injections, and random spike injections yield even higher detection sensitivity than centered spike injections. Conversely, for energy window ratio results, centered spike injections yield less sensitivity than centered profile injections, and random spike injections yield even less sensitivity than centered spike injections. These effects may be partially attributable to background suppression in the vehicle profile of detection statistics. Although the observed effects (up to 10%) are not large, the injection method impacts alarm rates from the two detection algorithms in opposite directions. These results inform methodological decisions and assessments of results in injection studies. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Weier, Dennis R.; Lo Presti, Charles A.; Bates, Derrick J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lo Presti, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, M-S K6-08,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charles.lopresti@pnl.gov FU US Department of Homeland Security Customs Border Protection; US Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; US Department of Energy; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Homeland Security Customs and Border Protection and Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, and the US Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO-1830. The authors wish to acknowledge the insightful suggestions and comments of Denis Strachan (PNNL) and Richard Kouzes (PNNL). NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 550 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.005 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700044 ER PT J AU Groom, DE AF Groom, Donald E. TI "Energy flow in a hadronic cascade: Application to hadron calorimetry" [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 572 (2007) 633-653] (vol 572, pg 633, 2007) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groom, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50R6008, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM deg@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 634 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.045 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700054 ER PT J AU Cheng, TY Szalda, DJ Hanson, JC Muckerman, JT Bullock, RM AF Cheng, Tan-Yun Szalda, David J. Hanson, Jonathan C. Muckerman, James T. Bullock, R. Morris TI Four-electron-donor hemilabile eta(3)-PPh3 ligand that binds through a C = C bond rather than an agostic C-H interaction, and displacement of the C = C by methyl iodide or water SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID WEAKLY COORDINATING ANIONS; ORGANOMETALLIC LEWIS-ACIDS; TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; CATALYTIC IONIC HYDROGENATIONS; N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES AB Hydride transfer from CP(CO)(2)(PPh3)MoH to Ph3C(+)BAr'4(-) [Ar' = 3,5-bis(trifluorometliyl)phenyl] produces [CP(CO)(2)(eta(3)-PPh3)Mo](+)[BAr'4](-), Spectroscopic and crystallographic data indicate that one C = C of a Ph ring is weakly bound to the Mo, so that the PPh3 ligand is a four-electron-donor ligand. Computations (DFT/B3LYP and MP2 on [CP(CO)(2)(eta(3)-PPh3)Mo](+) and [Cp(CO)(2)(eta(3)-PH2Ph)Mo](+), and DFT/B3LYP on [CP(CO)(2)(eta(3)-(PHBuPh)-Bu-t)Mo](+) and [CP(CO)(2)(eta(3)-PH2Ph)Nb]) provide further information on the bonding and on the preference for bonding of the metal to the C = C bond rather than an agostic C-H interaction found in many related complexes. The hemilabile C = C bond is readily displaced by CH3I or H2O, and crystal structures are reported for [CP(CO)(2)(PPh3)Mo(ICH3)](+) and [CP(CO)(2)(PPh3)Mo(OH2)](+). The equilibrium constant for [CP(CO)(2)(eta(3)-PPh3)Mo](+) + ICH3 to give [CP(CO)(2)(PPh3)MO(ICH3)](+) is K-eq = 5.2 x 10(2) m(-1) in CD2Cl2 at 22 degrees C. C1 [Cheng, Tan-Yun; Szalda, David J.; Hanson, Jonathan C.; Muckerman, James T.; Bullock, R. Morris] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bullock, R. Morris] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Szalda, David J.] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM morris.bullock@pnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 EI 1520-6041 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 15 BP 3785 EP 3795 DI 10.1021/om800401d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 334MO UT WOS:000258226100024 ER PT J AU Eriksson, F Ghafoor, N Schafers, F Gullikson, EM Aouadi, S Rohde, S Hultman, L Birch, J AF Eriksson, Fredrik Ghafoor, Naureen Schaefers, Franz Gullikson, Eric M. Aouadi, Samir Rohde, Susanne Hultman, Lars Birch, Jens TI Atomic scale interface engineering by modulated ion-assisted deposition applied to soft x-ray multilayer optics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-WINDOW; CR/SC MULTILAYERS; MIRRORS; GROWTH; FILMS; REFLECTIVITY; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH; SURFACE AB Cr/Sc and Ni/V multilayers, intended as normal incidence soft x-ray mirrors and Brewster angle polarizers, have been synthesized by employing a novel modulated low-energy and high-flux ion assistance as a means of engineering the interfaces between the subnanometer layers on an atomic scale during magnetron sputter deposition. To reduce both roughness and intermixing, the ion energy was modulated within each layer. The flat and abrupt interfaces yielded soft x-ray mirrors with near-normal incidence reflectances of R = 20.7% at the Sc 2p absorption edge and R = 2.7% at the V 2p absorption edge. Multi-layers optimized for the Brewster angle showed a reflectance of R = 26.7% and an extinction ratio of R-s/R-p = 5450 for Cr/Sc and R = 10% and R-s/R-p = 4190 for Ni/V. Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed an amorphous Cr/Sc structure with an accumulating high spatial frequency roughness. For Ni/V the initial growth mode is amorphous and their turns crystalline after similar to 1/3 of the total thickness, with an accumulating low spatial frequency roughness as a consequence. Elastic recoil detection analyses showed that N was the major impurity in both Cr/Sc and Ni/V with concentrations of 15 at. % and 9 at. %, respectively, but also O (3 at. % and 1.3 at. %) and C (0.5 at. % and 1.9 at. %) were present. Simulations of the possible normal incidence reflective properties in the soft x-ray range of 100-600 eV are given, predicting that reflectivities of more than 31% for Cr/Sc and 5.8% for Ni/V can be achieved if better control of the impurities and the deposition process is employed. The simulations also show that Cr/Sc is a good candidate for mirrors for the photon energies between the absorption edges of B (E = 188 eV) and Sc (E = 398.8 eV). (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Eriksson, Fredrik; Ghafoor, Naureen; Hultman, Lars; Birch, Jens] Linkoping Univ, Thin Film Phys Div, Dept Phys, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Schaefers, Franz] Berlin Elect Storage Ring Co, Synchrotron Radiat BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Gullikson, Eric M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aouadi, Samir] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Rohde, Susanne] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Eriksson, F (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Thin Film Phys Div, Dept Phys, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM freer@ifm.liu.se RI Birch, Jens/M-4794-2016 OI Birch, Jens/0000-0002-8469-5983 FU Swedish Research Council FX We express our thanks to the Swedish Research Council for their generous financial support of this work. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 4196 EP 4204 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004196 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 342KZ UT WOS:000258784300003 PM 18690259 ER PT J AU Buric, MP Chen, KP Falk, J Woodruff, SD AF Buric, Michael P. Chen, Kevin P. Falk, Joel Woodruff, Steven D. TI Enhanced spontaneous Raman scattering and gas composition analysis using a photonic crystal fiber SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BANDGAP FIBERS; WAVE-GUIDES; HOLLOW; SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; CELL AB Spontaneous gas-phase Raman scattering using a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) for both the gas cell and the Stokes light collector is reported. It was predicted that the HC-PBF configuration would yield several hundred times signal enhancement in Stokes power over a traditional free-space configuration because of increased interaction lengths and large collection angles. Predictions were verified by using nitrogen Stokes signals. The utility of this system was demonstrated by measuring the Raman signals as functions of concentration for major species in natural gas. This allowed photomultiplier-based measurements of natural gas species in relatively short integration times, measurements that were previously difficult with other systems. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Buric, Michael P.; Chen, Kevin P.; Falk, Joel; Woodruff, Steven D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Buric, Michael P.; Chen, Kevin P.; Falk, Joel] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Falk, J (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM falk@engr.pift.edu FU National Energy Technology Laboratory's research in Energy Systems and Dynamics [DE-AC26-04NT41817]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0639234] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's research in Energy Systems and Dynamics under RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817 in addition to support from National Science Foundation (NSF) grant 0639234. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 4255 EP 4261 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004255 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 342KZ UT WOS:000258784300011 PM 18690267 ER PT J AU Wetzel, AR Schulz, AE Holz, DE Warren, MS AF Wetzel, Andrew R. Schulz, A. E. Holz, Daniel E. Warren, Michael S. TI Close pairs as proxies for galaxy cluster mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : numerical ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; X-RAY; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; SPATIAL CORRELATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY; MASSIVE GALAXIES; ASSEMBLY BIAS; EVOLUTION; RATES AB Galaxy cluster merger statistics are an important component in understanding the formation of large-scale structure. Cluster mergers are also potential sources of systematic error in the mass calibration of upcoming cluster surveys. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study merger properties and evolution directly because the identification of cluster mergers in observations is problematic. We use large N- body simulations to study the statistical properties of massive halo mergers, specifically investigating the utility of close halo pairs as proxies for mergers. We examine the relationship between pairs and mergers for a wide range of merger timescales, halo masses, and redshifts (0 < z << 1). We also quantify the utility of pairs in measuring merger bias. While pairs at very small separations will reliably merge, these constitute a small fraction of the total merger population. Thus, pairs do not provide a reliable direct proxy to the total merger population. We do find an intriguing universality in the relation between close pairs and mergers, which in principle could allow for an estimate of the statistical merger rate from the pair fraction within a scaled separation, but including the effects of redshift space distortions strongly degrades this relation. We find similar behavior for galaxy- mass halos, making our results applicable to field galaxy mergers at high redshift. We investigate how the halo merger rate can be statistically described by the halo mass function via the merger kernel (coagulation), finding an interesting environmental dependence of merging: halos within the mass resolution of our simulations merge less efficiently in overdense environments. Specifically, halo pairs with separations less than a few h(-1) Mpc are more likely to merge in underdense environments; at larger separations, pairs are more likely to merge in overdense environments. C1 [Wetzel, Andrew R.; Schulz, A. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.; Warren, Michael S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wetzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Wetzel, Andrew/0000-0003-0603-8942 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1086/589731 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100001 ER PT J AU Hsieh, BC Yee, HKC Lin, H Gladders, MD Gilbank, DG AF Hsieh, B. C. Yee, H. K. C. Lin, H. Gladders, M. D. Gilbank, D. G. TI Pair analysis of field galaxies from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation galaxies : interactions; large-scale structure of universe; surveys ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; MERGER RATE; CLOSE PAIRS; DEEP SURVEY; EVOLUTION; LUMINOSITY; CATALOG; Z-LESS-THAN-1.2; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; ENVIRONMENT AB We study the evolution of the number of close companions of similar luminosities per galaxy (Nc) by choosing a volume- limited subset of the photometric redshift catalog from the Red- Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS- 1). The sample contains over 157,000 objects with a moderate redshift range of 0.25 <= z <= 0: 8 and M-Rc <= -20. This is the largest sample used for pair evolution analysis, providing data over nine redshift binswith about 17,500 galaxies in each. After applying incompleteness and projection corrections, Nc shows a clear evolution with redshift. The N-c value for the whole sample grows with redshift as (1+z) (m), where m 2.83 +/- 0.33 in good agreement with N-body simulations in a CDM cosmology. We also separate the sample into two different absolute magnitude bins: -25 <= M-Rc <= -21 and -21 < M-Rc <= -20, and find that the brighter the absolute magnitude, the smaller the m- value. Furthermore, we study the evolution of the pair fraction for different projected separation bins and different luminosities. We find that the m- value becomes smaller for larger separation, and the pair fraction for the fainter luminosity bin has stronger evolution. We derive the major merger remnant fraction frem 0: 06, which implies that about 6% of galaxies with 25 <= M-Rc <= 20 have undergone major mergers since z = 0.8. C1 [Hsieh, B. C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Yee, H. K. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Lin, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gladders, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gilbank, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Astrophys & Gravitat Grp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Hsieh, BC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM bchsieh@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; hyee@astro.utoronto.ca; hlin@fnal.gov; gladders@oddjob.uchicago.edu; dgilbank@astro.uwaterloo.ca NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1086/589140 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100004 ER PT J AU Kim, S Moon, YJ Kim, YH Park, YD Kim, KS Choe, GS Kim, KH AF Kim, Sujin Moon, Y. -J. Kim, Y. -H. Park, Y. -D. Kim, K. -S. Choe, G. S. Kim, K. -H. TI Preflare eruption triggered by a tether-cutting process SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; TRANSITION REGION; EXPLORER AB We have examined the preflare activity of an M1.2 flare that occurred in NOAA active region 8440 on 1999 January 16, using images from the Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) on board Yohkoh, 1600 angstrom UV images from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), X-ray flux data from the GOES satellite, and magnetograms from Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). During the preflare phase, we note a weak GOES X-ray flux enhancement just 4 minutes before the main flare begins. The SXT images show that this enhancement occurs at one footpoint of a soft X-ray loop bundle, which exactly coincides with the kernel of the major flare. The series of TRACE images provides the following pieces of evidence for small-scale magnetic reconnections associated with the preflare activity. (1) A small-scale UV sigmoid is seen at the X-ray loop footpoint before the preflare activity, and it is located along the polarity inversion line. (2) The brightest among the UV brightenings is exactly coincident and cospatial with the soft X-ray brightening observed by the Yohkoh SXT and GOES. (3) There were several interactions and brightenings among small UV loops. After these brightenings, the connectivity of the UV loops was apparently changed. As a result, a large rising loop structure was formed, with a maximum rising speed of about 40 km s(-1). (4) The main flare occurred in this structure. In the aspects of the overall configuration and morphological change of UV loops, the preflare activity is quite consistent with the tether-cutting model with a single-bipole magnetic explosion. We suggest that the preflare activity and the main flare in this event not only have similar physical mechanisms, but also have a causal relation. C1 [Kim, Sujin; Kim, Y. -H.; Park, Y. -D.; Kim, K. -H.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Kim, Sujin; Moon, Y. -J.; Kim, K. -S.; Choe, G. S.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Choe, G. S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM sjkim@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1086/588717 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100043 ER PT J AU Nicholson, C Cameron, DG Doyle, AT Millar, AP Stockinger, K AF Nicholson, C. Cameron, D. G. Doyle, A. T. Millar, A. P. Stockinger, K. TI Dynamic data replication in LCG 2008 SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th UK e-Science All Hands Meeting (AHM 2006) CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Nottingham, ENGLAND SP JISC, Microsoft, ORACLE, IBM, OERC, ESI Int. DE grid simulation; file replication; data management AB To provide performance access to data from high-energy physics experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), controlled replication of files among grid sites is required. Dynamic, automated replication in response to jobs may also be useful and has been investigated using the grid simulator OptorSim. In this paper, results are presented from simulations of the LHC Computing Grid in 2008, in a physics analysis scenario. These show, first, that dynamic replication does give improved job throughput; second, that for this complex grid system, simple replication strategies such as Least Recently Used and Least Frequently Used are as effective as more advanced economic models; third, that grid site policies that allow maximum resource sharing are more effective; and lastly, that dynamic replication is particularly effective when data access patterns include some files being accessed more often than others, such as with a Zipf-like distribution. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nicholson, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Cameron, D. G.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Stockinger, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nicholson, C (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM c.nicholson@physics.gla.ac.uk RI Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009 OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1271 DI 10.1002/cpe.1314 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 334XS UT WOS:000258255700002 ER PT J AU Henshaw, WD Schwendeman, DW AF Henshaw, William D. Schwendeman, Donald W. TI Parallel computation of three-dimensional flows using overlapping grids with adaptive mesh refinement SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE unsteady euler equations; reactive flow and detonations; numerical methods ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DIFFRACTION; MODEL AB This paper describes all approach for the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations in complex three-dimensional domains. The domains are represented by overlapping structured grids, and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is employed to locally increase the grid resolution. In addition, the numerical method is implemented on parallel distributed-memory computers using a domain-decomposition approach. The implementation is flexible so that each base grid within the overlapping grid structure and its associated refinement grids can be independently partitioned over a chosen set of processors. A modified bin-packing algorithm is used to specify the partition for each grid so that the computational work is evenly distributed amongst the processors. All components of the AMR algorithm such as error estimation, regridding, and interpolation are performed ill parallel. The parallel time-stepping algorithm is illustrated for initial-boundary-value problems involving a linear advection-diffusion equation and the (nonlinear) reactive Euler equations. Numerical results are presented for both equations to demonstrate the accuracy and correctness of the parallel approach. Exact solutions of the advection-diffusion equation are constructed. and these are used to check the corresponding numerical solutions for a variety of tests involving different overlapping grids, different numbers of refinement levels and refinement ratios, and different numbers of processors. The problem of planar shock diffraction by a sphere is considered as an illustration of the numerical approach for the Euler equations, and a problem involving the initiation of a detonation from a hot spot in a T-shaped pipe is considered to demonstrate the numerical approach for the reactive case. For both problems, the accuracy of the numerical solutions is assessed quantitatively through an estimation of the errors from a grid convergence study. The parallel performance of the approach is examined for the shock diffraction problem. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Henshaw, William D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Schwendeman, Donald W.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Henshaw, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henshawl@llnl.gov; schwed@rpi.edu NR 48 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 16 BP 7469 EP 7502 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.033 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 339UQ UT WOS:000258603200003 ER PT J AU McClarren, RG Evans, TM Lowrie, RB Densmore, JD AF McClarren, Ryan G. Evans, Thomas M. Lowrie, Robert B. Densmore, Jeffery D. TI Semi-implicit time integration for P-N thermal radiative transfer SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal radiative transfer; P-N approximation; discontinuous Galerkin; asymptotic diffusion limit ID NUMERICAL TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; DIFFUSIVE REGIMES; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; RIEMANN SOLVERS; OPTICALLY THICK; EQUATIONS AB Implicit time integration involving the solution of large systems of equations is the current paradigm for time-dependent radiative transfer. In this paper we present a semi-implicit, linear discontinuous Galerkin method for the spherical harmonics (P-N) equations for thermal radiative transfer in planar geometry. Our method is novel in that the material coupling terms are treated implicitly (via linearizing the emission source) and the streaming operator is treated explicitly using a second-order accurate Runge-Kutta method. The benefit of this approach is that each time step only involves the solution of equations that are local to each cell. This benefit comes at the cost of having the time step limited by a CFL condition based on the speed of light. To guarantee positivity and avoid artificial oscillations, we use a slope-limiting technique. We present analysis and numerical results that show the method is robust in the diffusion limit when the photon mean-free path is not resolved by the spatial mesh. Also, in the diffusion limit the time step restriction relaxes to a less restrictive explicit diffusion CFL condition. We demonstrate with numerical results that away from the diffusion limit our method demonstrates second-order error convergence as the spatial mesh is refined with a fixed CFL number. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McClarren, Ryan G.; Lowrie, Robert B.; Densmore, Jeffery D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Evans, Thomas M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Reactor Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McClarren, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, POB 1663,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ryanmc@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 16 BP 7561 EP 7586 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.029 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 339UQ UT WOS:000258603200006 ER PT J AU Cizmas, PGA Richardson, BR Brenner, TA O'Brien, TJ Breault, RW AF Cizmas, Paul G. A. Richardson, Brian R. Brenner, Thomas A. O'Brien, Thomas J. Breault, Ronald W. TI Acceleration techniques for reduced-order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE proper orthogonal decomposition; multiphase flow; computational methods in fluid dynamics; nonlinear dynamics ID UNSTEADY FLOWS AB This paper presents several acceleration techniques for reduced-order models based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The techniques proposed herein are: (i) an algorithm for splitting the database of snapshots generated by the full-order model; (ii) a method for solving quasi-symmetrical matrices; (iii) a strategy for reducing the frequency of the projection. The acceleration techniques were applied to a POD-based reduced-order model of the two-phase flows in fluidized beds. This reduced-order model was developed using numerical results from a full-order computational fluid dynamics model of a two-dimensional fluidized bed. Using these acceleration techniques the computational time of the POD model was two orders of magnitude shorter than the full-order model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cizmas, Paul G. A.; Richardson, Brian R.; Brenner, Thomas A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [O'Brien, Thomas J.; Breault, Ronald W.] Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Cizmas, PGA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cizmas@tamu.edu OI Breault, Ronald/0000-0002-5552-4050 FU Department of Energy [DE-FC26-05NT42445] FX This work was sponsored by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FC26-05NT42445. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 16 BP 7791 EP 7812 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.036 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 339UQ UT WOS:000258603200016 ER PT J AU Miller, GH AF Miller, G. H. TI An iterative boundary potential method for the infinite domain Poisson problem with interior Dirichlet boundaries SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Poisson problem; fast multipole method; multigrid; embedded boundary method ID HEAT-EQUATION; 3 DIMENSIONS AB An iterative method is developed for the solution of Poisson's problem on ail infinite domain in the presence of interior boundaries held at fixed potential, in three dimensions. The method combines pre-existing fast multigrid-based Poisson solvers for data represented on Cartesian grids with the fast multipole method. Interior boundaries are represented with the embedded boundary formalism. The implementation is in parallel and uses adaptive mesh refinement. Examples are presented for a smooth interior boundary for which an analytical result is known, and for an irregular interior boundary problem. Second-order accuracy in L, with respect to the grid resolution is demonstrated for both problems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Miller, G. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, G. H.] Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM grgmiller@ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 16 BP 7917 EP 7928 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.05.005 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 339UQ UT WOS:000258603200020 ER PT J AU Toops, TJ Crocker, M AF Toops, Todd J. Crocker, Mark TI New sulfur adsorbents derived from layered II. DRIFTS study of COS and H2S double hydroxides adsorption SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE DRIFTS; adsorption; carbonyl sulfide; layered double hydroxide; hydrotalcite ID METAL-OXIDES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXED OXIDES; ALUMINA; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROLYSIS; HYDROTALCITES; CATALYSTS AB H2S and COS adsorption were studied on two calcined layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Mg0.75Al0.25(OH)(2)(CO3)(0.125) and Mg0.65Al0.35(OH)(2)(CO3)(0.175), using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and a chemisorption apparatus. Both demonstrated the ability to irreversibly adsorb H2S, corresponding to uptakes of 1.54 and 1.76 mu mol/m(2), respectively, but Mg0.75Al0.25 had a significantly larger capacity for COS, 1.62 mu mol/m(2) compared to 0.80 mu mol/m(2) for Mg0.65Al0.35. Analysis of the DRIFT spectra suggests the adsorption of H2S proceeds via the substitution of lattice oxygen with sulfur, resulting in the formation of H2O on the surface. COS adsorption is more complicated. although it appears that a similar substitution of lattice oxygen with sulfur occurs. This results in the formation of CO, and subsequently bicarbonates and carbonates. The formation of hydrogen thiocarbonate is also involved, although this form is generally only observed in the later stages of adsorption and appears to form at the expense of bicarbonate. The Mg0.75Al0.25 LDH retained its ability to adsorb COS in the presence of propene. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Toops, Todd J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Crocker, Mark] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Toops, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM toopstj@ornl.gov RI Crocker, Mark/A-2704-2008 FU the State Partnership Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The authors thank Dr. Louis Powell of the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex for use of the FTIR spectrometer and DRIFTS accessory. This research was sponsored by the State Partnership Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, tinder US Department of Energy contract number DE-AC05-00OR 22725. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.apcat6.2008.01.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 344YY UT WOS:000258964400008 ER PT J AU Campbell, L Brunger, MJ Rescigno, TN AF Campbell, L. Brunger, M. J. Rescigno, T. N. TI Carbon dioxide electron cooling rates in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN IONOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION; CO2 AB The cooling of electrons in collisions with carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of Venus and Mars is investigated. Calculations are performed with both previously accepted electron energy transfer rates and with new ones determined using more recent theoretical and experimental cross sections for electron impact on CO(2). Emulation of a previous model for Venus confirms the validity of the current model and shows that use of the updated cross sections leads to cooling rates that are lower by one third. Application of the same model to the atmosphere of Mars gives more than double the previous cooling rates at altitudes where the electron temperature is very low. C1 [Campbell, L.; Brunger, M. J.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Rescigno, T. N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM laurence.campbell@flinders.edu.au OI Campbell, Laurence/0000-0003-0728-554X NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E8 AR E08008 DI 10.1029/2008JE003099 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 336CF UT WOS:000258341200004 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Korablev, VM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Krop, D Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Leveque, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Polozov, P Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rich, P Rieger, J Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S 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Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; GLUONS AB We report on a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy root s = 1.96 TeV using data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0: 70 fb(-1). The data cover jet transverse momenta from 50 to 600 GeV and jet rapidities in the range -2.4 to 2.4. Detailed studies of correlations between systematic uncertainties in transverse momentum and rapidity are presented, and the cross section measurements are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. C1 [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; da Motta, H.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Pol, M. -E.; Rangel, M. S.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Begalli, M.; Carvalho, W.; Martins, C. De Oliveira; Luna, R.; Malbouisson, H. B.; Molina, J.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; da Silva, W. L. Prado; Rodrigues, R. F.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil. [Lietti, S. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. 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[Calvet, S.; Duflot, L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Jaffre, M.; Ochando, C.; Petroff, P.] Univ Paris 11, LAL, IN2P3, CNRS, Orsay, France. [Andrieu, B.; Bernardi, G.; Lellouch, J.; Sonnenschein, L.] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. [Calvet, S.; Duflot, L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Jaffre, M.; Ochando, C.; Petroff, P.] Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. [Bloch, D.; Charles, F.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Ripp-Baudot, I.] Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Bloch, D.; Charles, F.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Ripp-Baudot, I.] Univ Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Biscarat, C.; Grenier, G.; Kurca, T.; Lebrun, P.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.] Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Biscarat, C.; Grenier, G.; Kurca, T.; Lebrun, P.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.] Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Autermann, C.; Hebbeker, T.; Kappler, S.; Kirsch, M.; Magass, C.; Meyer, A.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3A, Aachen, Germany. 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J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hall, R. E.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Chandra, A.; Ellison, J.; Heinson, A. P.; Li, L.; Wimpenny, S. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Atramentov, O.; Blessing, S.; Buchanan, N. J.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Hagopian, S.; Kau, D.; Prosper, H. B.; Sekaric, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wahl, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Bhat, P. C.; Boehnlein, A.; Bross, A.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cihangir, S.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, H. E.; Fuess, S.; Gallas, E.; Greenlee, H.; Grunendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Illingworth, R.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Kasper, P. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Gerber, C. E.; Heinmiller, J. M.; Shabalina, E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Fortner, M.; Hedin, D.; Lima, J. G. R.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Zutshi, V.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Andeen, T.; Anzelc, M. S.; Buchholz, D.; Kirby, M. H.; Strom, D.; Yacoob, S.; Youn, S. W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Evans, H.; Krop, D.; Parua, N.; Rieger, J.; Welty-Rieger, L.; Zieminska, D.; Zieminski, A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Chan, K. M.; Hildreth, M. D.; Lam, D.; Mal, P. K.; Osta, J.; Pogorelov, Y.; Svoisky, P.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Hauptman, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Hensel, C.; Moulik, T.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ahsan, M.; Bandurin, D. V.; Bolton, T. A.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Shamim, M.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arov, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Kalk, J. M.; Wobisch, M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Baden, A.; Eno, S.; Hadley, N. J.; Jarvis, C.; Toole, T.; Wang, L.; Wetstein, M.; Yan, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boline, D.; Butler, J. M.; Cho, D. K.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Harrington, R.; Hesketh, G.; Reucroft, S.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alton, A.; De la Cruz-Burelo, E.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Magerkurth, A.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Dyer, J.; Edmunds, D.; Hall, I.; Hauser, R.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Pope, B. G.; Schwienhorst, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Haley, J.; Schwartzman, A.; Wagner, R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Gadfort, T.; Haas, A.; Johnson, C.; Katsanos, I.; Khatidze, D.; Lammers, S.; Mitrevski, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Zivkovic, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cammin, J.; Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia, C.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Park, S. -J.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Dong, H.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Herner, K.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Jain, S.; Rominsky, M.; Severini, H.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bose, T.; Christofek, L.; Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Li, J.; Sosebee, M.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Cooke, M.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Brown, D.; Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piegaia, R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Kalinin, A. M.; Kharzheev, Y. M.; Malyshev, V. L.; Tokmenin, V. V.; Yatsunenko, Y. A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Arthaud, M.; Bassler, U.; Besancon, M.; Chakrabarti, S.; Couderc, F.; Deliot, F.; Fu, S.; Shary, V.; Titov, M.] CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 23 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 062001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.062001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600013 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Abreu, P Aglietta, M Aguirre, C Allard, D Allekotte, I Allen, J Allison, P Alvarez-Muniz, J Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Andringa, S Anzalone, A Aramo, C Argiro, S Arisaka, K Armengaud, E Arneodo, F Arqueros, F Asch, T Asorey, H Assis, P Atulugama, BS Aublin, J Ave, M Avila, G Backer, T Badagnani, D Barbosa, AF Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Baughman, B Bauleo, P Beatty, JJ Beau, T Becker, BR Becker, KH Bellido, JA BenZvi, S Berat, C Bergmann, T Bernardini, P Bertou, X Biermann, PL Billoir, P Blanch-Bigas, O Blanco, F Blasi, P Bleve, C Mer, HB Bohacova, M Bonifazi, C Bonino, R Brack, J Brogueira, P Brown, WC Buchholz, P Bueno, A Burton, RE Busca, NG Caballero-Mora, KS Cai, B Camin, DV Caramete, L Caruso, R Carvalho, W Castellina, A Catalano, O Cataldi, G Cazon, L Cester, R Chauvin, J Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chou, A Chudoba, J Chye, J Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Colombo, E Conceicao, R Connolly, B Contreras, F Coppens, J Cordier, A Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Creusot, A Criss, A Cronin, J Curutiu, A Dagoret-Campagne, S Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Almeida, RM de Donato, C de Jong, SJ De La Vega, G Junior, WJMD Neto, JRTD De Mitri, I de Souza, V del Peral, L Deligny, O Della Selva, A Delle Fratte, C Dembinski, H Di Giulio, C Diaz, JC Diep, PN Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivo, JC Dong, PN Dornic, D Dorofeev, A dos Anjos, JC Dova, MT D'Urso, D Dutan, I DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, L Erdmann, M Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A Luis, PFS Falcke, H Farrar, G Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Ferrer, F Ferrero, A Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fleck, I Fracchiolla, CE Fulgione, W Garcia, B Gamez, DG Garcia-Pinto, D Garrido, X Geenen, H Gelmini, G Gemmeke, H Ghia, PL Giller, M Glass, H Gold, MS Golup, G Albarracin, FG Berisso, MG Goncalves, P do Amaral, MG Gonzalez, D Gonzalez, JG Gonzalez, M Gora, D Gorgi, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, AF Grunfeld, C Guardincerri, Y Guarino, F Guedes, GP Gutierrez, J Hague, JD Halenka, V Hamilton, JC Hansen, P Harari, D Harmsma, S Harton, JL Haungs, A Hauschildt, T Healy, MD Hebbeker, T Hebrero, G Heck, D Hojvat, C Holmes, VC Homola, P Horandel, JR Horneffer, A Hrabovsky, M Huege, T Hussain, M Iarlori, M Insolia, A Ionita, F Italiano, A Kaducak, M Kampert, KH Karova, T Kasper, P Kegl, B Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Kieckhafer, RM Klages, HO Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapik, R Knapp, J Koang, DH Krieger, A Kromer, O Kuempel, D Kunka, N Kusenko, A La Rosa, G Lachaud, C Lago, BL Lebrun, D Lebrun, P Lee, J de Oliveira, MAL Letessier-Selvon, A Leuthold, M Lhenry-Yvon, I Lopez, R Aguera, AL Bahilo, JL Lucero, A Garcia, RL Maccarone, MC Macolino, C Maldera, S Mancarella, G Mancenido, ME Mandat, D Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Maris, IC Falcon, HRM Martello, D Martinez, J Bravo, OM Mathes, HJ Matthews, J Matthews, JAJ Matthiae, G Maurizio, D Mazur, PO McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, MC Medina-Tanco, G Melo, D Menichetti, E Menschikov, A Meurer, C Meyhandan, R Micheletti, MI Miele, G Miller, W Mollerach, S Monasor, M Ragaigne, DM Montanet, F Morales, B Morello, C Moreno, JC Morris, C Mostafa, M Muller, MA Mussa, R Navarra, G Navarro, JL Navas, S Necesal, P Nellen, L Newman-Holmes, C Newton, D Nhung, PT Nierstenhoefer, N Nitz, D Nosek, D Nozka, L Oehlschlager, J Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Olmos-Gilbaja, VM Ortiz, M Ortolani, F Ostapchenko, S Otero, L Pacheco, N Selmi-Dei, DP Palatka, M Pallotta, J Parente, G Parizot, E Parlati, S Pastor, S Patel, M Paul, T Pavlidou, V Payet, K Pech, M Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perrone, L Pesce, R Petrera, S Petrinca, P Petrov, Y Pichel, A Piegaia, R Pierog, T Pimenta, M Pinto, T Pirronello, V Pisanti, O Platino, M Pochon, J Privitera, P Prouza, M Quel, EJ Rautenberg, J Redondo, A Reucroft, S Revenu, B Rezende, FAS Ridky, J Riggi, S Risse, M Riviere, C Rizi, V Roberts, M Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Martino, JR Rojo, JR Rodriguez-Cabo, I Rodriguez-Frias, MD Ros, G Rosado, J Roth, M Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B Roulet, E Rovero, AC Salamida, F Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M Santo, CE Santos, EM Sarazin, F Sarkar, S Sato, R Scherini, V Schieler, H Schmidt, A Schmidt, F Schmidt, T Scholten, O Schovanek, P Schroeder, F Schulte, S Schussler, F Sciutto, SJ Scuderi, M Segreto, A Semikoz, D Settimo, M Shellard, RC Sidelnik, I Siffert, BB Sigl, G De Grande, NS Smialkowski, A Smida, R Smith, AGK Smith, BE Snow, GR Sokolsky, P Sommers, P Sorokin, J Spinka, H Squartini, R Strazzeri, E Stutz, A Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, AD Sutherland, MS Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Takahashi, J Tamashiro, A Tamburro, A Tarutina, T Tascau, O Tcaciuc, R Thao, NT Thomas, D Ticona, R Tiffenberg, J Timmermans, C Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJT Tome, B Tonachini, A Torres, I Travnicek, P Tripathi, A Tristram, G Tscherniakhovski, D Tuci, V Tueros, M Tunnicliffe, V Ulrich, R Unger, M Urban, M Galicia, JFV Valino, I Valore, L van den Berg, AM van Elewyck, V Vazquez, RA Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Venters, T Verzi, V Videla, M Villasenor, L Vorobiov, S Voyvodic, L Wahlberg, H Wahrlich, P Wainberg, O Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Westerhoff, S Wieczorek, G Wiencke, L Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wileman, C Winnick, MG Wu, H Wundheiler, B Yamamoto, T Younk, P Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zaw, I Zepeda, A Ziolkowski, M AF Abraham, J. Abreu, P. Aglietta, M. Aguirre, C. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allen, J. Allison, P. Alvarez-Muniz, J. Ambrosio, M. Anchordoqui, L. Andringa, S. Anzalone, A. Aramo, C. Argiro, S. Arisaka, K. Armengaud, E. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, F. Asch, T. Asorey, H. Assis, P. Atulugama, B. S. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avila, G. Backer, T. Badagnani, D. Barbosa, A. F. Barnhill, D. Barroso, S. L. C. Baughman, B. Bauleo, P. Beatty, J. J. Beau, T. Becker, B. R. Becker, K. H. Bellido, J. A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bernardini, P. Bertou, X. Biermann, P. L. Billoir, P. Blanch-Bigas, O. Blanco, F. Blasi, P. Bleve, C. Mer, H. Blu Bohacova, M. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Brack, J. Brogueira, P. Brown, W. C. Buchholz, P. Bueno, A. Burton, R. E. Busca, N. G. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Cai, B. Camin, D. V. Caramete, L. Caruso, R. Carvalho, W. Castellina, A. Catalano, O. Cataldi, G. Cazon, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J. A. Chou, A. Chudoba, J. Chye, J. Clark, P. D. J. Clay, R. W. Colombo, E. Conceicao, R. Connolly, B. Contreras, F. Coppens, J. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C. E. Creusot, A. Criss, A. Cronin, J. Curutiu, A. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B. R. de Almeida, R. M. de Donato, C. de Jong, S. J. De La Vega, G. Junior, W. J. M. de Mello de Mello Neto, J. R. T. De Mitri, I. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Della Selva, A. Delle Fratte, C. Dembinski, H. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J. C. Diep, P. N. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J. C. Dong, P. N. Dornic, D. Dorofeev, A. dos Anjos, J. C. Dova, M. T. D'Urso, D. Dutan, I. DuVernois, M. A. Engel, R. Epele, L. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C. O. Etchegoyen, A. Luis, P. Facal San Falcke, H. Farrar, G. Fauth, A. C. Fazzini, N. Ferrer, F. Ferrero, A. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipcic, A. Fleck, I. Fracchiolla, C. E. Fulgione, W. Garcia, B. Gamez, D. Garcia Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrido, X. Geenen, H. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Ghia, P. L. Giller, M. Glass, H. Gold, M. S. Golup, G. Albarracin, F. Gomez Berisso, M. Gomez Goncalves, P. do Amaral, M. Goncalves Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Gora, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Grassi, V. Grillo, A. F. Grunfeld, C. Guardincerri, Y. Guarino, F. Guedes, G. P. Gutierrez, J. Hague, J. D. Halenka, V. Hamilton, J. C. Hansen, P. Harari, D. Harmsma, S. Harton, J. L. Haungs, A. Hauschildt, T. Healy, M. D. Hebbeker, T. Hebrero, G. Heck, D. Hojvat, C. Holmes, V. C. Homola, P. Horandel, J. R. Horneffer, A. Hrabovsky, M. Huege, T. Hussain, M. Iarlori, M. Insolia, A. Ionita, F. Italiano, A. Kaducak, M. Kampert, K. H. Karova, T. Kasper, P. Kegl, B. Keilhauer, B. Kemp, E. Kieckhafer, R. M. Klages, H. O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapik, R. Knapp, J. Koang, D. -H. Krieger, A. Kroemer, O. Kuempel, D. Kunka, N. Kusenko, A. La Rosa, G. Lachaud, C. Lago, B. L. Lebrun, D. Lebrun, P. Lee, J. de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui Letessier-Selvon, A. Leuthold, M. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Lopez, R. Aguera, A. Lopez Bahilo, J. Lozano Lucero, A. Garcia, R. Luna Maccarone, M. C. Macolino, C. Maldera, S. Mancarella, G. Mancenido, M. E. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A. G. Maris, I. C. Falcon, H. R. Marquez Martello, D. Martinez, J. Bravo, O. Martinez Mathes, H. J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthiae, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P. O. McCauley, T. McEwen, M. McNeil, R. R. Medina, M. C. Medina-Tanco, G. Melo, D. Menichetti, E. Menschikov, A. Meurer, C. Meyhandan, R. Micheletti, M. I. Miele, G. Miller, W. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Ragaigne, D. Monnier Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, J. C. Morris, C. Mostafa, M. Muller, M. A. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Navarro, J. L. Navas, S. Necesal, P. Nellen, L. Newman-Holmes, C. Newton, D. Nhung, P. T. Nierstenhoefer, N. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Nozka, L. Oehlschlaeger, J. Ohnuki, T. Olinto, A. Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M. Ortiz, M. Ortolani, F. Ostapchenko, S. Otero, L. Pacheco, N. Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parlati, S. Pastor, S. Patel, M. Paul, T. Pavlidou, V. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pekala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I. M. Perrone, L. Pesce, R. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrov, Y. Pichel, A. Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pimenta, M. Pinto, T. Pirronello, V. Pisanti, O. Platino, M. Pochon, J. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E. J. Rautenberg, J. Redondo, A. Reucroft, S. Revenu, B. Rezende, F. A. S. Ridky, J. Riggi, S. Risse, M. Riviere, C. Rizi, V. Roberts, M. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rodriguez Rodriguez-Cabo, I. Rodriguez-Frias, M. D. Ros, G. Rosado, J. Roth, M. Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A. C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sanchez, F. Santander, M. Santo, C. E. Santos, E. M. Sarazin, F. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scherini, V. Schieler, H. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schovanek, P. Schroeder, F. Schulte, S. Schuessler, F. Sciutto, S. J. Scuderi, M. Segreto, A. Semikoz, D. Settimo, M. Shellard, R. C. Sidelnik, I. Siffert, B. B. Sigl, G. De Grande, N. Smetniansky Smialkowski, A. Smida, R. Smith, A. G. K. Smith, B. E. Snow, G. R. Sokolsky, P. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Squartini, R. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijaervi, T. Supanitsky, A. D. Sutherland, M. S. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Takahashi, J. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tarutina, T. Tascau, O. Tcaciuc, R. Thao, N. T. Thomas, D. Ticona, R. Tiffenberg, J. Timmermans, C. Tkaczyk, W. Peixoto, C. J. Todero Tome, B. Tonachini, A. Torres, I. Travnicek, P. Tripathi, A. Tristram, G. Tscherniakhovski, D. Tuci, V. Tueros, M. Tunnicliffe, V. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Galicia, J. F. Valdes Valino, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A. M. van Elewyck, V. Vazquez, R. A. Veberic, D. Veiga, A. Velarde, A. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villasenor, L. Vorobiov, S. Voyvodic, L. Wahlberg, H. Wahrlich, P. Wainberg, O. Walker, P. Warner, D. Watson, A. A. Westerhoff, S. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczynska, B. Wilczynski, H. Wileman, C. Winnick, M. G. Wu, H. Wundheiler, B. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zaw, I. Zepeda, A. Ziolkowski, M. TI Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10(19) eV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS; UPPER LIMIT; ENERGY; SPECTRUM; ARRAY AB The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10(18) eV, derived from 20 000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional to E(-gamma), at energies between 4 x 10(18) eV and 4 x 10(19) eV is 2.69 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0: 06 (syst) at higher energies. The hypothesis of a single power law is rejected with a significance greater than 6 standard deviations. The data are consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min. C1 [Abraham, J.; Otero, L.] Univ Tecnol Nacl, FR Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina. [Abreu, P.; Andringa, S.; Assis, P.; Brogueira, P.; Conceicao, R.; Goncalves, P.; Santo, C. E.; Tome, B.] LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. 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Di Giulio, Claudio/B-3319-2015; Schovanek, Petr/G-7117-2014; Travnicek, Petr/G-8814-2014; Smida, Radomir/G-6314-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Chudoba, Jiri/G-7737-2014; Pech, Miroslav/G-5760-2014; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/G-3873-2012; Garcia Pinto, Diego/J-6724-2014; Pastor, Sergio/J-6902-2014; Tome, Bernardo/J-4410-2013; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/L-2341-2014 OI Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Goncalves, Patricia /0000-0003-2042-3759; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; D'Urso, Domenico/0000-0002-8215-4542; Brogueira, Pedro/0000-0001-6069-4073; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Del Peral, Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Santander, Juan Marcos/0000-0001-7297-8217; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; Navas, Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Assis, Pedro/0000-0001-7765-3606; Arqueros, Fernando/0000-0002-4930-9282; Blanco, Francisco/0000-0003-4332-434X; Conceicao, Ruben/0000-0003-4945-5340; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Guarino, Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /0000-0002-2550-4462; De Mitri, Ivan/0000-0002-8665-1730; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; Ros, German/0000-0001-6623-1483; Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X; de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Fulgione, Walter/0000-0002-2388-3809; ORTOLANI, FABRIZIO/0000-0003-4527-1843; scuderi, mario/0000-0001-9026-5317; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; de Almeida, Rogerio/0000-0003-3104-2724; Abreu, Pedro/0000-0002-9973-7314; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597; Bueno, Antonio/0000-0002-7439-4247; Parente, Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Rosado, Jaime/0000-0001-8208-9480; Valino, Ines/0000-0001-7823-0154; Carvalho Jr., Washington/0000-0002-2328-7628; De Donato, Cinzia/0000-0002-9725-1281; Di Giulio, Claudio/0000-0002-0597-4547; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Garcia Pinto, Diego/0000-0003-1348-6735; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288 FU Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Fundacion Antorchas; Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings; Valle Las Lenas; Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR [AV0Z10100502, AV0Z10100522]; GAAV [KJB300100801]; GACR [202/06/P006]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, De'partement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS]; Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; [MSMT-CR LA08016]; [LC527]; [1M06002] FX We thank the technical and administrative staff in Malargue for their exceptional dedication and the following organizations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR Nos. AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV No. KJB300100801, GACR No. 202/06/P006, No. MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527 and 1M06002, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, De'partement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (No. PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, and PAP/218/2006, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11359, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC/HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, and UNESCO. NR 31 TC 361 Z9 364 U1 1 U2 74 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 061101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.061101 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600007 PM 18764444 ER PT J AU Fransson, J Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV AF Fransson, J. Zhu, Jian-Xin Balatsky, A. V. TI Vibrating superconducting island in a Josephson junction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; SPIN; HEAT AB We consider a combined nanomechanical-supercondcuting device that allows the Cooper pair tunneling to interfere with the mechanical motion of the middle superconducting island. Coupling of mechanical oscillations of a superconducting island between two superconducting leads to the electronic tunneling generates a supercurrent that is modulated by the oscillatory motion of the island. This coupling produces alternating finite and vanishing supercurrent as function of the superconducting phases. Current peaks are sensitive to the superconducting phase shifts relative to each other. The proposed device may be used to study the nanoelectromechanical coupling in case of superconducting electronics. C1 [Fransson, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fransson, J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Balatsky, A. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fransson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Jonas.Fransson@fysik.uu.se RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009 FU U. S. DOE, LDRD; BES; LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work has been supported by U. S. DOE, LDRD, and BES, and was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U. S. DOE at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 067202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.067202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600058 PM 18764495 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Eggert, JH Saculla, MD Jankowski, AF Bastea, M Hicks, DG Collins, GW AF Smith, R. F. Eggert, J. H. Saculla, M. D. Jankowski, A. F. Bastea, M. Hicks, D. G. Collins, G. W. TI Ultrafast dynamic compression technique to study the kinetics of phase transformations in bismuth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK; TRANSITION; PRESSURE AB Preheated Bi (296-532 K) was ramp compressed with 15-35 ns rise times to a peak stress of similar to 11 GPa to explore structural phase-transformation kinetics under dynamic loading conditions. At high strain rates, epsilon > 5 X 10(6) s(-1), deviation from equilibrium phase boundaries suggests that compression time scales are comparable to the new phase incubation period. The dependence of Delta P/kT on epsilon is consistent with a thermally activated transformation. C1 [Smith, R. F.; Eggert, J. H.; Saculla, M. D.; Jankowski, A. F.; Bastea, M.; Hicks, D. G.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Jave Kane in the kinetic hydrocode modeling. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 065701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.065701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600040 PM 18764477 ER PT J AU Solomon, WM Kaye, SM Bell, RE LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Rewoldt, G Wang, W Levinton, FM Yuh, H Sabbagh, SA AF Solomon, W. M. Kaye, S. M. Bell, R. E. LeBlanc, B. P. Menard, J. E. Rewoldt, G. Wang, W. Levinton, F. M. Yuh, H. Sabbagh, S. A. TI Momentum-transport studies in high EXB shear plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL-BEAM INJECTION; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; DISCHARGES; HEAT AB Experiments have been conducted at the National Sperical Torus Experiment ( NSTX) to study both steady state and perturbative momentum transport. These studies are unique in their parameter space under investigation, where the low aspect ratio of NSTX results in rapid plasma rotation with E x B shearing rates high enough to suppress low-k turbulence. In some cases, the ratio of momentum to energy confinement time is found to exceed five. Momentum pinch velocities of order 10-40 m/s are inferred from the measured angular momentum flux evolution after nonresonant magnetic perturbations are applied to brake the plasma. C1 [Solomon, W. M.; Kaye, S. M.; Bell, R. E.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Menard, J. E.; Rewoldt, G.; Wang, W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Levinton, F. M.; Yuh, H.] Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Solomon, WM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wsolomon@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG02-99ER54524] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, and No. DE-FG02-99ER54524 at Columbia University. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.065004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600027 PM 18764464 ER PT J AU Soper, AK Benmore, CJ AF Soper, A. K. Benmore, C. J. TI Quantum differences between heavy and light water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; ORDER; ICE; H2O; D2O AB The structures of heavy and light water at ambient conditions are investigated with the combined techniques of x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and computer simulation. It is found that heavy water is a more structured liquid than light water. We find the OH bond length in H(2)O is similar to 3% longer than the OD bond length in D(2)O. This is a much larger change than current predictions. Corresponding to this, the hydrogen bond in light water is similar to 4% shorter than in heavy water, while the intermolecular HH distance is similar to 2% longer. C1 [Soper, A. K.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soper, AK (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM a.k.soper@rl.ac.uk OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX C. J. B. acknowledges support from the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 065502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.065502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600034 PM 18764471 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM Qafoku, NP Wang, ZM AF Liu, Chongxuan Zachara, John M. Qafoku, Nikolla P. Wang, Zheming TI Scale-dependent desorption of uranium from contaminated subsurface sediments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; VADOSE ZONE; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; U(VI); CARBONATE; SITE; NONEQUILIBRIUM; FLUORESCENCE AB Column experiments were performed to investigate the scale-dependent desorption of uranyl [U(VI)] from a contaminated sediment collected from the Hanford 300 Area at the U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) Hanford Site, Washington. The sediment was a coarse-textured alluvial flood deposit containing significant mass percentage of river cobble. U(VI) was, however, only associated with its minor fine-grained (< 2 mm) mass fraction. U(VI) desorption was investigated both from the field-textured sediment using a large column (80 cm length by 15 cm inner diameter) and from its < 2 mm U( VI)associated mass fraction using a small column ( 10 cm length by 3.4 cm inner diameter). Dynamic advection conditions with intermittent flow and stop-flow events of variable durations were employed to investigate U(VI) desorption kinetics and its scale dependence. A multicomponent kinetic model that integrated a distributed rate of mass transfer with surface complexation reactions successfully described U(VI) release from the fine-grained U(VI)-associated materials. The field-textured sediment in the large column displayed dual-domain tracer-dependent mass transfer properties that affected the breakthrough curves of bromide, pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), and tritium. The tritium breakthrough curve showed stronger nonequilibrium behavior than did PFBA and bromide and required a larger immobile porosity to describe. The dual-domain mass transfer properties were then used to scale the kinetic model of U(VI) desorption developed for the fine-grained materials to describe U(VI) release and reactive transport in the field-textured sediment. Numerical simulations indicated that the kinetic model that was integrated with the dual-domain properties determined from tracer PFBA and Br best described the experimental results. The kinetic model without consideration of the dual-domain properties overpredicted effluent U(VI) concentrations, while the model based on tritium mass transfer underpredicted the rate of U(VI) release. Overall, our results indicated that the kinetics of U(VI) release from the field-textured sediment were different from that of its fine-grained U(VI)-associated mass fraction. However, the desorption kinetics measured on the U(VI)-containing mass fraction could be scaled to describe U(VI) reactive transport in the contaminated field-textured sediment after proper consideration of the physical transport properties of the sediment. The research also demonstrated a modeling approach to integrate geochemical processes into field-scale reactive transport models. C1 [Liu, Chongxuan; Zachara, John M.; Qafoku, Nikolla P.; Wang, Zheming] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 28 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08413 DI 10.1029/2007WR006478 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 336DE UT WOS:000258343700003 ER PT J AU Perez-Nadal, G Roura, A Verdaguer, E AF Perez-Nadal, Guillem Roura, Albert Verdaguer, Enric TI Backreaction from non-conformal quantum fields in de Sitter spacetime SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Peyresq Physics Workshop CY JUN 16-22, 2007 CL Peyresq, FRANCE ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR; WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES; ANOMALY-INDUCED INFLATION; EVAPORATING BLACK-HOLE; BACK-REACTION; ADIABATIC REGULARIZATION; SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY; DESITTER SPACE; MASSIVE FIELDS AB We study the backreaction on the mean field geometry due to a non-conformal quantum field in a Robertson-Walker background. In the regime of small mass and small deviation from conformal coupling, we compute perturbatively the expectation value of the stress tensor of the field for a variety of vacuum states, and use it to obtain explicitly the semiclassical gravity solutions for isotropic perturbations around de Sitter spacetime, which is found to be stable. Our results clearly show the crucial role of the non- local terms that appear in the effective action: they cancel the contribution from local terms proportional to the logarithm of the scale factor which would otherwise become dominant at late times and prevent the existence of a stable self- consistent de Sitter solution. Finally, the opposite regime of a strongly non- conformal field with a large mass is also considered. C1 [Perez-Nadal, Guillem; Verdaguer, Enric] Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Perez-Nadal, Guillem; Verdaguer, Enric] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Roura, Albert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perez-Nadal, G (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, Av Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain. RI Verdaguer, Enric/M-3384-2014 OI Verdaguer, Enric/0000-0001-6548-1229 NR 86 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 25 IS 15 AR 154013 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/25/15/154013 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 329OY UT WOS:000257878900014 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Lee, SW Fischer, PF Bassiouny, HS Loth, F AF Lee, Seung E. Lee, Sang-Wook Fischer, Paul F. Bassiouny, Hisham S. Loth, Francis TI Direct numerical simulation of transitional flow in a stenosed carotid bifurcation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE carotid artery bifurcation; stenosis; spectral element method; hemodynamics; turbulence; wall shear stress ID FLUID SHEAR-STRESS; PULSATILE FLOW; BLOOD-FLOW; WALL SHEAR; STENOTIC FLOWS; STEADY FLOW; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; ARTERY BIFURCATION; SPATIAL GRADIENTS; MODEL AB The blood flow dynamics of it stenosed, subject-specific, carotid bifurcation were numerically simulated using the spectral element method. Pulsatile inlet conditions were based on in vivo color Doppler ultrasound measurements of blood velocity. The results demonstrated the transitional or weakly turbulent state of the blood flow, which featured rapid velocity and pressure fluctuations in the post-stenotic region of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during systole and laminar flow during diastole. High-frequency vortex shedding was greatest downstream of the stenosis during the deceleration phase of systole. Velocity fluctuations had it frequency Within the audible range of 100-300 Hz. Instantaneous wall shear stress (WSS) within the stenosis was relatively high during systole (similar to 25-45 Pa) compared to that in it healthy carotid. In addition, high spatial gradients of WSS were present due to flow separation on the inner wall. oscillatory flow reversal and low pressure were observed distal to the stenosis in the ICA. This study predicts the complex flow field, the turbulence levels and the distribution of the biomechanical stresses present in vivo within a stenosed carotid artery. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Loth, Francis] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lee, Seung E.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Sang-Wook] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bassiouny, Hisham S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Loth, F (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, 185 E Mill St,M-C 3903, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM loth@uakron.edu FU Whitaker Foundation [RG-01-0198]; National Institutes of Health, RO1 [2RO1HL55296-04A2]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center; Computational Science Graduate Fellowship, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; University of Illinois at Chicago Graduate Fellowship; Gates Millennium Scholarship Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by the Whitaker Foundation (RG-01-0198); National Institutes of Health, RO1 Grant (2RO1HL55296-04A2); US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357; the NSF Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center; Computational Science Graduate Fellowship, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; University of Illinois at Chicago Graduate Fellowship; Gates Millennium Scholarship Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 55 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2551 EP 2561 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.03.038 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 347GQ UT WOS:000259129000027 PM 18656199 ER PT J AU Merer, AJ Yamakita, N Tsuchiya, S Steeves, AH Bechtel, HA Field, RW AF Merer, Anthony J. Yamakita, Nami Tsuchiya, Soji Steeves, Adam H. Bechtel, Hans A. Field, Robert W. TI Darling-Dennison resonance and Coriolis coupling in the bending overtones of the (A)over-tilde (1)A(u) state of acetylene, C(2)H(2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X BAND SYSTEM; INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL REDISTRIBUTION; DISPERSED FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRUM; ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATOR MODEL; EXCITED-STATES; PARTIAL DEPERTURBATION; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITION; TRIPLET PERTURBATIONS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ROTATION CONSTANTS AB Rotational analyses have been carried out for the overtones of the nu(4) (torsion) and nu(6) (in-plane cis-bend) vibrations of the (A) over tilde (1)A(u) state of C(2)H(2). The v(4)+v(6)=2 vibrational polyad was observed in high-sensitivity one-photon laser-induced fluorescence spectra and the v(4)+v(6)=3 polyad was observed in IR-UV double resonance spectra via the ground state nu(3) (Sigma(+)(u)) and nu(3)+nu(4) (Pi(u)) vibrational levels. The structures of these polyads are dominated by the effects of vibrational angular momentum: Vibrational levels of different symmetry interact via strong a-and b-axis Coriolis coupling, while levels of the same symmetry interact via Darling-Dennison resonance, where the interaction parameter has the exceptionally large value K(4466)=-51.68 cm(-1). The K-structures of the polyads bear almost no resemblance to the normal asymmetric top patterns, and many local avoided crossings occur between close-lying levels with nominal K-values differing by one or more units. Least squares analysis shows that the coupling parameters change only slightly with vibrational excitation, which has allowed successful predictions of the structures of the higher polyads: A number of weak bands from the v(4)+v(6)=4 and 5 polyads have been identified unambiguously. The state discovered by Scherer [J. Chem. Phys. 85, 6315 (1986)], which appears to interact with the K=1 levels of the 3(3) vibrational state at low J, is identified as the second highest of the five K=1 members of the v(4)+v(6)=4 polyad. After allowing for the Darling-Dennison resonance, the zero-order bending structure can be represented by omega(4)=764.71, omega(6)=772.50, x(44)=0.19, x(66)=-4.23, and x(46)=11.39 cm(-1). The parameters x(46) and K(4466) are both sums of contributions from the vibrational angular momentum and from the anharmonic force field. For x(46) these contributions are 14.12 and -2.73 cm(-1), respectively, while the corresponding values for K(4466) are -28.24 and -23.44 cm(-1). It is remarkable how severely the coupling of nu(4) and nu(6) distorts the overtone polyads, and also how in this case the effects of vibrational angular momentum outweigh those of anharmonicity in causing the distortion. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Steeves, Adam H.; Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Merer, Anthony J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Merer, Anthony J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Yamakita, Nami] Japan Womens Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. [Tsuchiya, Soji] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Tsuchiya, Soji] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Mol Sci, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Bechtel, Hans A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rwfield@mit.edu RI Field, Robert/A-9465-2009 OI Field, Robert/0000-0002-7609-4205 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 5 AR 054304 DI 10.1063/1.2939246 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 336AG UT WOS:000258336100016 PM 18698897 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Zhuo, SP Nellist, P Peng, YP Pennycook, S AF Sohlberg, Karl Zhuo, Shuping Nellist, Peter Peng, Yiping Pennycook, Stephen TI Evidence of high-pressure rhodium sesquioxide in the rhodium/gamma-alumina catalytic system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION-ENERGY; ELECTRON-GAS; TIO2(110)-(1X2); SURFACE; ORIGIN; STM; RH AB We report an investigation of Rh-containing nanostructures dispersed on gamma-alumina. This system is representative of many common heterogeneous catalysts that consist of transition metals dispersed on a high surface area support. Previous atomic-resolution Z-contrast STEM observations have shown the Rh particles to exist as thin "rafts" on the (100) surface of gamma-alumina. This finding is intriguing given that the preferred surface exposure of gamma-alumina is (110). Here we present first-principles density functional studies and simulated Z-STEM imaging suggesting that these Rh-containing structures consist of the high-pressure rhodium sesquioxide (II) phase growing on the surface. C1 [Sohlberg, Karl; Zhuo, Shuping] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhuo, Shuping] Shandong Univ Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Zibo 255049, Peoples R China. [Nellist, Peter] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Peng, Yiping; Pennycook, Stephen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sohlberg, K (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 11831 EP 11834 DI 10.1021/jp801089j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200034 ER PT J AU Bratlie, KM Komvopoulos, K Somorjai, GA AF Bratlie, Kaitlin M. Komvopoulos, Kyriakos Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy of pyridine hydrogenation on platinum nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC-REACTIONS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; BENZENE; PT(111); SYSTEM; SPECTRA; PHASE AB Pyridine hydrogenation in the presence of a surface monolayer consisting of cubic Pt nanoparticles stabilized by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) was investigated by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy using total internal reflection (TIR) geometry. TIR-SFG spectra analysis revealed that a pyridinium cation (C5H5NH+) forms during pyridine hydrogenation on the Pt nanoparticle surface, and the NH group in the C5H5NH+ cation becomes more hydrogen bound with the increase of the temperature. In addition, the surface coverage of the cation decreases with the increase of the temperature. An important contribution of this study is the in situ identification of reaction intermediates adsorbed on the Pt nanoparticle monolayer during pyridine hydrogenation. C1 [Bratlie, Kaitlin M.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bratlie, Kaitlin M.; Komvopoulos, Kyriakos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bratlie, Kaitlin M.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Bratlie, Kaitlin/A-1133-2009 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 11865 EP 11868 DI 10.1021/jp801583q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200038 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Pan, LL Dai, B Kiran, B Li, J Wang, LS AF Zhai, Hua-Jin Pan, Li-Li Dai, Bing Kiran, Boggavarapu Li, Jun Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Chemisorption-induced structural changes and transition from chemisorption to physisorption in Au-6(CO)(n)(-) (n=4-9) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC CO OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE ADSORPTION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ANIONIC GOLD CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; NICKEL CLUSTERS AB The interactions of CO with gold clusters are essential to understanding the catalytic mechanisms of CO oxidation on supported gold nanoparticles. Here we report a photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of CO adsorption on a well-defined Au-6(-) cluster in Au-6(CO)(n)(-) (n = 4-9). Previous studies have shown that the first three CO successively bind the three apex sites of the triangular Au-6(-). The current work reveals that the fourth CO induces a major structural change to create more apex sites to accommodate the additional CO. Definitive spectroscopic evidence is obtained for the chemisorption saturation at Au-6(CO)(6)(-), in which Au-6 has rearranged to accommodate the six CO adsorbates. The photoelectron spectra of larger clusters from Au-6(CO)(7)(-) to Au-6(CO)(9)(-) are observed to be almost identical to that of AU(6)(CO)(6)(-), suggesting that the additional CO units are simply physisorbed onto the Au-6(CO)(6)(-) core. Quasirelativistic density functional calculations are performed on both AU(6)(CO), and AU(6)(CO)(n)(-) (n = 4-6). The theoretical results are used to interpret the experimental observations and to provide insight into the nature of CO interactions with gold clusters. The Au-6 cluster is shown to be highly fluxional upon multiple CO adsorptions, stabilizing structures with more apex sites to accommodate the additional CO units. The CO-induced structural transformation is analogous to structural flexibility and mobility in heterogeneous catalysis. The observations of the propensity of CO toward apex sites and CO-induced structural changes in small gold clusters may be important for understanding the mechanisms of CO oxidation on supported gold nanoparticles. C1 [Pan, Li-Li; Li, Jun] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Pan, Li-Li; Li, Jun] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Organ Optoelect & Mol Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Hua-Jin; Dai, Bing; Kiran, Boggavarapu; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Zhai, Hua-Jin; Dai, Bing; Kiran, Boggavarapu; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM junli@tsinghua.edu.cn; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 82 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 11920 EP 11928 DI 10.1021/jp803161b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200046 ER PT J AU Saraiva-Souza, A Sumpter, BG Meunier, V Souza, AG Del Nero, J AF Saraiva-Souza, Aldilene Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent Souza Filho, Antonio G. Del Nero, Jordan TI Electrical rectification in betaine derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTANCE; RECTIFIERS; JUNCTION; DEVICE; STATES AB We theoretically investigate the electric rectification in an organic two terminal push-pull molecular device using a combination of ab initio techniques. Our main finding is that the electric rectification is extremely sensitive to the length of the chain, undergoing a complete switching after a specific chain length. This unique process occurs for betaine-like donor-g bridge-acceptor systems and is directly associated with a conjugated bridge in the presence of an external electric field. The conjugated bridge between the donor and acceptor groups is composed of oligoethylene with sizes ranging from 0 to 10 C=C units. The appearance of electric rectification occurs when the bridge size is equal to 5 units and is complete for those larger than 6 units (i.e., full inversion). This new electronic effect is advantageous for the design of large hybrid organic/inorganic circuits with an increased majority carrier flow that is necessary for the emerging needs of nanotechnology. C1 [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent; Souza Filho, Antonio G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Saraiva-Souza, Aldilene] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455900 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Del Nero, Jordan] Fed Univ Para, Dept Fis, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Souza, AG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agsf@fisica.ufc.br; jordan@ufpa.br RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Nanobiosimes, Inct/K-2263-2013; Souza, Antonio/D-8978-2011; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Souza, Antonio/0000-0003-3802-1168; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 12008 EP 12011 DI 10.1021/jp801667q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200057 ER PT J AU Walsh, A Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM Wei, SH AF Walsh, Aron Yan, Yanfa Al-Jassim, M. M. Wei, Su-Huai TI Electronic, energetic, and chemical effects of intrinsic defects and Fe-doping of CoAl2O4: A DFT+U study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CATION DISTRIBUTION; BASIS-SET; SOL-GEL; SPINEL; SEMICONDUCTORS; SURFACE; OXIDES; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS; DIFFRACTION AB The spinel cobalt aluminate has gained interest as a potential photoelectrochemical catalyst for the renewable production of hydrogen. Using band structure theory, we determine the energetics of possible intrinsic point defects in spinel CoAl2O4 and analyze their effect on its electronic and chemical properties. Extrinsic Fe-doping is also examined. Cation vacancies are found to be shallow acceptors, but their formation energy is sensitive to the growth conditions; an oxygen rich environment is required to enhance the p-type conductivity. Fe is an isovalent substituent on the Co (Al) site, exhibiting a preference for octahedral coordination, and forms a deep donor (acceptor) level near the center of the band gap, corresponding to a Fe(II) to Fe(III) transition. C1 [Walsh, Aron; Yan, Yanfa; Al-Jassim, M. M.; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Walsh, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aron_walsh@nrel.gov RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033 NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 12044 EP 12050 DI 10.1021/jp711566k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200063 ER PT J AU Scalerandi, M Gliozzi, AS Anderson, BE Griffa, M Johnson, PA Ulrich, TJ AF Scalerandi, M. Gliozzi, A. S. Anderson, Brian E. Griffa, M. Johnson, Paul A. Ulrich, T. J. TI Selective source reduction to identify masked sources using time reversal acoustics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ULTRASONIC FIELDS; OPERATOR; SOLIDS; DECOMPOSITION; MIRROR; TRANSMISSION; TARGETS; PULSES; CAVITY AB The presence of strong sources of elastic waves often makes it impossible to localize weaker ones, which are sometimes the most meaningful, e. g. in the characterization of complexity of active Earth faults or of microdamage in a composite structural material. To address this problem, a selective source reduction method is proposed here which, applied in conjunction with time reversal acoustics (TRA), provides the means to selectively reduce the contribution of strong sources allowing full illumination of the weak ones. The method is complementary to other methods based on TRA which aim at the selective illumination of scatterers in the propagation medium. In this paper, a description of the method is given along with presentation of a few numerical results to demonstrate its usefulness for localization of sources. Validation and some experimental results are also presented. C1 [Scalerandi, M.; Gliozzi, A. S.] Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, CNISM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Anderson, Brian E.; Griffa, M.; Johnson, Paul A.; Ulrich, T. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Scalerandi, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, CNISM, C So Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM marco.scalerandi@infm.polito.it RI Gliozzi, Antonio/G-7769-2012; Anderson, Brian/G-8819-2012; OI GLIOZZI, ANTONIO/0000-0003-1084-0444; SCALERANDI, MARCO/0000-0003-0809-9976; Griffa, Michele/0000-0001-8407-9438; Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 AR 155504 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/15/155504 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329AQ UT WOS:000257839700090 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Zu, XT Li, ZJ Gao, F AF Wang, Zhiguo Zu, Xiaotao Li, Zhijie Gao, Fei TI Amorphous layer coating induced brittle to ductile transition in single crystalline SiC nanowires: an atomistic simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; HEATING METHOD; DIRECT GROWTH; NANORODS; POTENTIALS; ELASTICITY; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; STRENGTH AB Molecular dynamics simulations with Tersoff potentials were used to study the response of SiC nanowires with and without amorphous coating to a tensile strain along the axial direction. The uncoated nanowires show brittle properties and fail through bond breaking. Although the amorphous coating leads to a decrease in the Young's modulus of nanowires, yet it also leads to the appearance of plastic deformation under axial strain. These results provide an effective way to modify the brittle properties of some other semiconductor nanowires. C1 [Wang, Zhiguo; Zu, Xiaotao; Li, Zhijie] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM zgwang@uestc.edu.cn RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 AR 155419 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/15/155419 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329AQ UT WOS:000257839700080 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, M Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagara, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, R Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harderr, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JR Korablev, VM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Krop, D Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Leveque, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Polozov, P Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rich, P Rieger, J Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, R Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Tamburello, R Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Temple, J Tiller, B Tissandier, F Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, I Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vokac, P Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wenger, A Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, M. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagara, V. Biscarat, C. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, R. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Harderr, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hossain, S. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. 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Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA Do Collaboration TI Measurement of the ratio of the p(p)over-bar -> W + c-jet cross section to the inclusive p(p)over-bar -> W + jets cross section SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO CHARM PRODUCTION; ORDER QCD ANALYSIS; DIMUON EVENTS; PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the fraction of inclusive W +jets events produced with net charm quantum number 11, denoted W + c-jet, in p collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV using approximately 1 fb(-1) of data collected by the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We identify the W +jets events via the leptonic W boson decays. Candidate W + c-jet events are selected by requiring a jet containing a muon in association with a reconstructed W boson and exploiting the charge correlation between this muon and W boson decay lepton to perform a nearly model-independent background subtraction. We measure the fraction of W + c-jet events in the inclusive W +jets sample for jet PT > 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |eta| < 2.5 to be 0.074 +/- 0.019(stat.) +/-(0.012)(0.014) (syst.), in agreement with theoretical predictions. The probability that background fluctuations could produce the observed fraction of W + c-jet events is estimated to be 2.5 x 10(-4), which corresponds to a 3.5 sigma statistical significance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ahsan, M.; Bandurin, D. V.; Bolton, T. A.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Shamim, M.; Von Toerne, E.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beri, S. B.; Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; da Motta, H.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Pol, M. -E.; Rangel, M. S.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Begalli, M.; Carvalho, W.; Martins, C. De Oliveira; Luna, R.; Malbouisson, H. 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D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Herner, K.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Jain, S.; Rominsky, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, R.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bose, T.; Christofek, L.; Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Kaushik, V.; Li, J.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Cooke, M.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Brown, D.; Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Mal, P. K.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ahsan, M (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mahsana@phys.ksu.edu RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.067 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 341OT UT WOS:000258724500005 ER PT J AU Alwall, J Le, MP Lisanti, M Wacker, JG AF Alwall, Johan Le, My-Phuong Lisanti, Mariangela Wacker, Jay G. TI Searching for directly decaying gluinos at the Tevatron SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; SQUARK AB This Letter describes how to perform searches over the complete kinematically-allowed parameter space for new pair-produced color octet particles that each subsequently decay into two jets plus missing energy at the Tevatron. This Letter shows that current searches can miss otherwise discoverable spectra of particles due to CMSSM-motivated cuts. Optimizing the HT and 6 cuts expands the sensitivity of these searches. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alwall, Johan; Le, My-Phuong; Lisanti, Mariangela; Wacker, Jay G.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alwall, Johan; Le, My-Phuong; Lisanti, Mariangela; Wacker, Jay G.] SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lisanti, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mlisanti@stanford.edu FU DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00515]; NSF [PHY-0244728]; Swedish Research Council; NDSEG; Soros FX We would like to thank Jean-Francois Grivaz, Andy Haas, Roni Harnik, Masahiro Ibe, Greg Landsberg, Frank Petriello, and Patrice Verdier for helpful discussions. J.A., M.-P.L., M.L., and J.G.W. are supported by the DOE under contract DE-AC03-76SF00515 and partially by the NSF under grant PHY-0244728. J.A. is supported by the Swedish Research Council. M.L. is supported by NDSEG and Soros fellowships. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.065 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 341OT UT WOS:000258724500007 ER PT J AU Yuan, F AF Yuan, Feng TI Single spin asymmetry in inclusive hadron production in pp scattering from Collins mechanism SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; CHIRAL-ODD CONTRIBUTION; POLARIZED PROTON-BEAM; DRELL-YAN; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTON PRODUCTION; HARD-SCATTERING; PION-PRODUCTION; ANALYZING POWER AB We study the Collins mechanism contribution to the single transverse spin asymmetry in inclusive hadron production in pp scattering p up arrow p -> pi X from the leading jet fragmentation. The azimuthal asymmetric distribution of hadron in the jet leads to a single spin asymmetry for the produced hadron in the Lab frame. The effect is evaluated in a transverse momentum dependent model that takes into account the transverse momentum dependence in the fragmentation process. We find the asymmetry is comparable in size to the experimental observation at RHIC at root s = 200 GeV. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yuan, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yuan, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fyuan@lbl.gov RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; RIKEN; Brookhaven National Laboratory FX We thank Gerry Bunce, Les Bland, Matthias Grosse-Perdekamp, Jianwei Qiu, Werner Vogelsang for discussions and comments. We also thank Mauro Anselmino, Umberto D'Alesio, and Elliot Leader for the communications concerning the calculations of [29]. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, We are grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy (contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886) for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.066 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 341OT UT WOS:000258724500009 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Shrock, R AF Brodsky, Stanley J. Shrock, Robert TI Maximum wavelength of confined quarks and gluons and properties of quantum chromodynamics SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; RADIATIVE LEVEL SHIFTS; BETHE-SALPETER-EQUATION; MASSLESS FERMIONS; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSITION; GAUGE-THEORIES; LANDAU GAUGE; BOUND-STATES; S-PARAMETER AB Because quarks and gluons are confined within hadrons, they have a maximum wavelength of order the confinement scale. Propagators, normally calculated for free quarks and gluons using Dyson-Schwinger equations, are modified by bound-state effects in close analogy to the calculation of the Lamb shift in atomic physics. Because of confinement, the effective quantum chromodynamic coupling stays finite in the infrared. The quark condensate which arises from spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the bound state Dyson-Schwinger equation is the expectation value of the operator (q) over barq evaluated in the background of the fields of the other hadronic constituents, in contrast to a true vacuum expectation value. Thus quark and gluon condensates reside within hadrons. The effects of instantons are also modified. We discuss the implications of the maximum quark and gluon wavelength for phenomena such as deep inelastic scattering and annihilation, the decay of heavy quarkonia, jets, and dimensional counting rules for exclusive reactions. We also discuss implications for the zero-temperature phase structure of a vectorial SU(N) gauge theory with a variable number N-f of massless fermions. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brodsky, Stanley J.; Shrock, Robert] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Shrock, R (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM shrock@max2.physics.sunysb.edu NR 69 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.054 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 341OT UT WOS:000258724500019 ER PT J AU Brewer, LN Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG Michael, JR AF Brewer, Luke N. Ohlhausen, James A. Kotula, Paul G. Michael, Joseph R. TI Forensic analysis of bioagents by X-ray and TOF-SIMS hyperspectral imaging SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-and-Microanalysis-Society/Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Microscopy & Microanal Soc, Int Metallogr Soc DE forensic science; election microscopy; multivariate analysis; bacillus; X-rays; SIMS microscopy ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MICROANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY; IMAGES; TIME; SAMPLES AB Hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate statistics is an approach to microanalysis that makes the maximum use of the large amount of data potentially collected in forensics analysis. This Study examines the efficacy of using hyperspectral imaging-enabled microscopies to identify chemical Signatures in simulated bioagent materials. This approach allowed for the ready discrimination between all samples in the test. In particular, the hyperspectral imaging approach allowed for the identification of particles with trace elements that Would have been missed with a traditional approach to forensic microanalysis. The importance of combining signals from multiple length scales and analytical sensitivities is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Brewer, Luke N.; Ohlhausen, James A.; Kotula, Paul G.; Michael, Joseph R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brewer, LN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM inbrewe@sandia.gov RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 179 IS 2-3 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.04.020 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 341SR UT WOS:000258735700002 PM 18571885 ER PT J AU Papaiconomou, N Lee, JM Salminen, J von Stosch, M Prausnitz, JM AF Papaiconomou, Nicolas Lee, Jong-Min Salminen, Justin von Stosch, Moritz Prausnitz, John M. TI Selective extraction of copper, mercury, silver, and palladium ions from water using hydrophobic ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID METAL-IONS; CROWN-ETHERS; LIQUID/LIQUID EXTRACTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FACILITATED TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; IMIDAZOLIUM; TOXICITY AB Extraction of dilute metal ions from water was performed near room temperature with a variety of ionic liquids. Distribution coefficients are reported for fourteen metal ions extracted with ionic liquids containing cations 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium[4MOPYR](+), 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium[MOPYRRO](+), or 1-methyl-1-octylpiperidinium[MOPIP](+) and anions tetrafluoroborate[BF4](+), trifluoromethyl sulfonate[TfO](+), or non-afluorobutyl sulfonate[NfO](+). Ionic liquids containing octylpyridinium cations are good for extracting mercury ions. However, other metal ions were not significantly extracted by any of these ionic liquids. Extractions were also performed with four new task-specific ionic liquids. When these liquids contain a disulfide functional group, they are efficient and selective for mercury and copper, whereas those containing a nitrile functional group are efficient and selective for silver and palladium. C1 [Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Lee, Jong-Min; Salminen, Justin; von Stosch, Moritz; Prausnitz, John M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Lee, Jong-Min; Prausnitz, John M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salminen, Justin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [von Stosch, Moritz] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Verfahrenstech 4, Aachen, Germany. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu RI von Stosch, Moritz/D-2032-2013 OI von Stosch, Moritz/0000-0001-7912-7992 NR 46 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 11 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 5080 EP 5086 DI 10.1021/ie0706562 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 332IA UT WOS:000258075500011 ER PT J AU Dubois, JM Fournee, V Thiel, PA Belin-Ferre, E AF Dubois, J. M. Fournee, V. Thiel, P. A. Belin-Ferre, E. TI Measurements of contact angles of water on Al-based intermetallic surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ICOSAHEDRAL QUASI-CRYSTAL; OXIDATION; ALLOYS; FE; STABILITY; METALS; PHASES; SYSTEM AB A systematic study was performed of the contact angle of minute droplets of water deposited on various aluminium-based intermetallics in ambient conditions. The dataset was complemented by measurements of electronic partial densities of states and oxide layer thicknesses. We studied a broad variety of specimens, ranging from simple cubic, CsCl-type phases to quasicrystals and high-order approximants. The thickness of the oxide layer, that is always present in air, was varied between 2 and more than 10 nm. Within these limits, the contact angle varies considerably and, surprisingly, decreases with increasing thickness of the oxide dielectric. Furthermore, it is clearly the highest on samples that show the largest crystal complexity, i.e. quasicrystals. It follows that the reversible adhesion energy directly deduced from contact angle is essentially controlled by the (squared) density of states at Fermi energy in the bulk of the sample and the inverse of the (squared) thickness of the native oxide film at the surface of the material. We interpret these results in terms of electrostatic image forces developed in the conduction cloud by the dipoles of the water molecules. C1 [Dubois, J. M.] Nancy Univ, Ecole Mines, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS INPL UHP,FR 2797, F-54042 Nancy, France. [Fournee, V.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Belin-Ferre, E.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LCPMR, UMR 7614, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Dubois, JM (reprint author), Nancy Univ, Ecole Mines, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS INPL UHP,FR 2797, F-54042 Nancy, France. EM dubois@mines.inpl-nancy.fr NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 31 AR 314011 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/31/314011 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 327WQ UT WOS:000257759600016 ER PT J AU Fournee, V Ledieu, J Thiel, P AF Fournee, Vincent Ledieu, Julian Thiel, Patricia TI Quasicrystals at interfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fournee, Vincent; Ledieu, Julian] CNRS INPL UHP, Ecole Mines, Inst Jean Lamour, FR 2797, F-54042 Nancy, France. [Thiel, Patricia] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fournee, V (reprint author), CNRS INPL UHP, Ecole Mines, Inst Jean Lamour, FR 2797, F-54042 Nancy, France. RI Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 31 AR 310301 DI 10.1088/0000-0000/8/31/310301 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 327WQ UT WOS:000257759600001 ER PT J AU Park, JY Thiel, PA AF Park, Jeong Young Thiel, P. A. TI Atomic scale friction and adhesion properties of quasicrystal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC COMPOUNDS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; SLIDING FRICTION; SINGLE-GRAIN; THIN-FILMS; FE ALLOYS AB In this paper, we highlight recent studies of the atomic scale friction and adhesion properties of quasicrystals. We review tribological studies carried out in different mechanical regimes (elastic and inelastic) and at different length scales (macroscale and nanoscale). We address the role of the surface oxide and the nature of mechanical contact in determining friction and adhesion properties. We discuss the relationship between the aperiodic atomic structure of quasicrystals and their low friction, for both elastic and inelastic regimes. C1 [Park, Jeong Young] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jeong Young] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Park, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jypark@lbl.gov RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008 NR 89 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 31 AR 314012 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/31/314012 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 327WQ UT WOS:000257759600017 ER PT J AU Ji, HF Majithia, R Yang, X Xu, XH More, K AF Ji, Hai-Feng Majithia, Ravish Yang, Xin Xu, Xiaohe More, Karren TI Self-assembly of perylenedilmide and naphthalenediimide nanostructures on glass substrates through deposition from the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICS; NANOWIRES AB Micrometer-long nanobelt and nanowires from deposition of perylenediimide (PTCDI) and naphthalenediimide (NPDI) in glass substrates from the gas phase were demonstrated. The electron diffraction pattern of PTCDI shows that the PTCDI molecules are oriented with their long axis perpendicular to the belt and the pi-pi stacking direction parallel to the belt. No crystal structure of the NPDI nanowires was observed. This is a new strategy to assemble organic molecules to nanostructures, typically for those having very low solubility in solvents. The approach would completely eliminate the effect of side chains. C1 [More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ji, Hai-Feng; Majithia, Ravish; Yang, Xin; Xu, Xiaohe] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 31 BP 10056 EP + DI 10.1021/ja803079w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 332JZ UT WOS:000258080600011 PM 18613677 ER PT J AU Minasian, SG Krinsky, JL Williams, VA Arnold, J AF Minasian, Stefan G. Krinsky, Jamin L. Williams, Valerie A. Arnold, John TI A heterobimetallic complex with an unsupported Uranium(III)-Aluminum(I) bond: (CpSiMe(3))(3)U-AlCp(star) (Cp(star) = C(5)Me(5)) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LANTHANIDE(III)/ACTINIDE(III) DIFFERENTIATION; METAL BONDS; CHEMISTRY; URANIUM; REACTIVITY; ACTINIDE; APPROXIMATION; DERIVATIVES AB A heterobimetallic complex with the first unspported bond between an actinide and a group 13 elements, (CpSiMe(3))(3)U-AlCp(star) (Cp(star)=C(5)Me(5)) (1), was synthesized by reaction of (CpSiMe(3))(3)U and 1/4(Cp(star)Al)(4) in toluene. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the U-Al bond exhibits some covalent character resulting from a Cp(star)Al -> U charge-transfer. C1 [Minasian, Stefan G.; Krinsky, Jamin L.; Williams, Valerie A.; Arnold, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minasian, Stefan G.; Krinsky, Jamin L.; Williams, Valerie A.; Arnold, John] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arnold@berkeley.edu RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 32 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 31 BP 10086 EP + DI 10.1021/ja8042382 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 332JZ UT WOS:000258080600026 PM 18616247 ER PT J AU Fan, WB Duan, RG Yokoi, T Wu, P Kubota, Y Tatsumi, T AF Fan, Weibin Duan, Ren-Guan Yokoi, Toshiyuki Wu, Peng Kubota, Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Takashi TI Synthesis, crystallization mechanism, and catalytic properties of titanium-rich TS-1 free of extraframework titanium species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MFI ZEOLITE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IN-SITU; TPAOH-TEOS-H2O SYSTEM; SELECTIVE-OXIDATION; STRUCTURE DIRECTION; FRAMEWORK TI(IV); ACTIVE-SITES AB A new route to the synthesis of TS-1 has been developed using (NH(4))(2)CO(3) as a crystallization-mediating agent. In this way, the framework Ti content can be significantly increased without forming extraframework Ti species. The prepared catalyst had a Si/Ti ratio as low as 34 in contrast to the ratio of 58 achieved with the methods A and B established by the Enichem group (Clerici, M. G.; Bellussi, G.; Romano, U. J Catal. 1991, 129,159) and Thangaraj and Sivasanker (Thangaraj, A.; Sivasanker, S. J Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 123), respectively. The material contained less defect sites than the samples synthesized by the other two methods. As a result, it showed much higher activity for the oxidation of various organic substrates, such as linear alkanes/alkenes and alcohols, styrene, and benzene. The crystallization mechanism of TS-1 in the presence of (NH(4))(2)CO(3) was studied by following the whole crystallization process with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, and (29)Si MAS (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy techniques. It was shown that the presence of (NH(4))(2)CO(3) not only drastically lowered down pH, slowing down the crystallization process and making the incorporation of Ti into the framework match well with nucleation and crystal growth, but also modified the crystallization mechanism. It seems that the solid-phase transformation mechanism predominated in the crystallization process initiated by dissociation, reorganization, and recoalescence of the solidified gel although a small amount of nongelatinated Ti shifted to the solid during the crystal growth period. In contrast, a typical homogeneous nucleation mechanism occurred in the method A system. Thus, although in the method A system most of Ti cations was inserted into the lattice after the crystallization was nearly completed, the inclusion of Ti started at the earlier nucleation period in the presence of (NH(4))(2)CO(3). This is favorable for the incorporation of Ti into the framework, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of Ti in the framework. Oxidation of 1-hexene and 2-hexanol over the samples collected during the whole crystallization process indicated that condensation of Ti-OH and Si-OH proceeded even after the crystallization was completed. This resulted in an increase in hydrophobicity and an overall improvement in microscopic character of Ti species and consequently a great increase in the catalytic activity with further progress of crystallization. C1 [Fan, Weibin; Yokoi, Toshiyuki; Tatsumi, Takashi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Catalyt Chem Div, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. [Fan, Weibin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Coal Chem, State Key Lab Coal Convers, Taiyuan 030001, Peoples R China. [Duan, Ren-Guan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wu, Peng] E China Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Green Chem & Chem Proc, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Kubota, Yoshihiro] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Div Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Catalysis Lab,Hodogaya Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Tatsumi, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Catalyt Chem Div, Midori Ku, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. EM ttatsumi@cat.res.titech.ac.jp RI Duan, Ren-Guan/D-5190-2011; Yokoi, Toshiyuki/E-8047-2014; OI Yokoi, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-3315-3172; Kubota, Yoshihiro/0000-0001-7495-9984 NR 69 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 25 U2 203 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 31 BP 10150 EP 10164 DI 10.1021/ja7100399 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 332JZ UT WOS:000258080600035 PM 18613685 ER PT J AU Romo-Herrera, JM Terrones, M Terrones, H Meunier, V AF Romo-Herrera, J. M. Terrones, M. Terrones, H. Meunier, Vincent TI Electron transport properties of ordered networks using carbon nanotubes SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CONDUCTANCE; Y-JUNCTIONS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEFECTS; TUBULES AB The electronic transport properties of ordered networks using carbon nanotubes as building blocks (ON-CNTs) are investigated within the framework of a multiterminal Landauer -Buttiker formalism using an s, p(x), p(y), p(z) parameterization of the tight-binding Hamiltonian for carbon. The networks exhibit electron pathway selectiveness, which is shown to depend on the atomic structure of the network nodes imposed by the specific architecture of the network and the distribution of its defects (non-hexagonal rings). This work represents the first understandings towards leading current through well-defined trajectories along an organic nanocircuit. C1 [Romo-Herrera, J. M.; Terrones, M.; Terrones, H.] IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Romo-Herrera, JM (reprint author), IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, Camino Presa San Jose 2055,Colonia Lomas 4A Secc, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 31 AR 315704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/31/315704 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 319MD UT WOS:000257166800019 PM 21828796 ER PT J AU Herndon, SC Onasch, TB Wood, EC Kroll, JH Canagaratna, MR Jayne, JT Zavala, MA Knighton, WB Mazzoleni, C Dubey, MK Ulbrich, IM Jimenez, JL Seila, R de Gouw, JA de Foy, B Fast, J Molina, LT Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR AF Herndon, Scott C. Onasch, Timothy B. Wood, Ezra C. Kroll, Jesse H. Canagaratna, Manjula R. Jayne, John T. Zavala, Miguel A. Knighton, W. Berk Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra K. Ulbrich, Ingrid M. Jimenez, Jose L. Seila, Robert de Gouw, Joost A. de Foy, Benjamin Fast, Jerome Molina, Luisa T. Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. TI Correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; NOX AB Photochemically processed urban emissions were characterized at a mountain top location, free from local sources, within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Analysis of the Mexico City emission plume demonstrates a strong correlation between secondary organic aerosol and odd oxygen (O(3) + NO(2)). The measured oxygenated-organic aerosol correlates with odd oxygen measurements with an apparent slope of (104-180) mu g m(-3) ppmv(-1) (STP) and r(2) > 0.9. The dependence of the observed proportionality on the gas-phase hydrocarbon profile is discussed. The observationally-based correlation between oxygenated organic aerosol mass and odd oxygen may provide insight into poorly understood secondary organic aerosol production mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of gas-phase ozone production chemistry. These results suggest that global and regional models may be able to use the observed proportionality to estimate SOA as a co-product of modeled O(3) production until more complete models of SOA formation become available. C1 [Herndon, Scott C.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Wood, Ezra C.; Kroll, Jesse H.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Jayne, John T.; Kolb, Charles E.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [de Foy, Benjamin] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Seila, Robert] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio; Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ulbrich, Ingrid M.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fast, Jerome] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herndon, SC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM herndon@aerodyne.com; onasch@aerodyne.com; ezrawood@aerodyne.com; kroll@aerodyne.com; mrcana@aerodyne.com; jayne@aerodyne.com; miguelz@mit.edu; bknighton@chemistry.montana.edu; robert@epamail.epa.gov; joost.degouw@noaa.gov; bdefoy@slu.edu; ltmolina@mit.edu; kolb@aerodyne.com; worsnop@aerodyne.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 23 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15804 DI 10.1029/2008GL034058 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336BB UT WOS:000258338200001 ER PT J AU Valone, SM Li, JB Jindal, S AF Valone, Steven M. Li, Jiabo Jindal, Saryu TI Quantum-based models of charge-dependent potential energy surfaces: Three-state models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE potential energy surfaces; charge models; chemical potential ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ATOMIC DEFORMATION MODEL; TIGHT-BINDING METHOD; VALENCE-BOND THEORY; CHEMICAL-BOND; FORCE-FIELDS; SYSTEMS; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; TRANSITION AB Quantum-based models of how potential energies depend on charge are developed from a three-state model, at the level of neglecting state-to-state overlap. The energy as a function of charge is defined as proposed previously (Valone and Atlas, J Chem Phys 2004, 120, 7262). With this definition, addition of a third state smooths the derivatives of the energy model with respect to charge at integer values of charge that are in the interior of the allowed charge range. These derivatives are related to the chemical potential. At the dissociation limit, this model converges to established limits. Another dependence is proposed that uses two different charges simultaneously. The concepts are illustrated, with calculations on an OH molecule. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Valone, Steven M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Jiabo] SciNet Technol, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Jindal, Saryu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smv@lanl.gov NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 9 BP 1452 EP 1464 DI 10.1002/qua.21659 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 301YV UT WOS:000255933500005 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Fenter, P Park, C Nagy, KL AF Lee, Sang Soo Fenter, Paul Park, Changyong Nagy, Kathryn L. TI Fulvic acid sorption on muscovite mica as a function of pH and time using in situ X-ray reflectivity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LAKE WATER; MINERAL/WATER INTERFACES; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PROTON-BINDING AB Interfacial structures of the basal surface of muscovite mica in 100 mg kg(-1) Elliott Soil Fulvic Acid II solutions were investigated using in Situ X-ray reflectivity. Molecular-scale variations in the thickness and internal structure of the fulvic acid (FA) film were observed and quantified as a function of pH (2-12) and reaction time (3-500 h at pH 3.7). At pH <= 6, the electron-density profile of the FA layer sorbed on the muscovite surface was composed of one near-surface peak followed by a broad peak that diminished in electron density with distance from the surface. The presence of the near-surface peak is attributed to condensation of FA molecules during sorption. The apparent thickness of the FA layer decreased from 12.3 to 7.2 to 6.4 angstrom as pH increased from 2 to 3.7 to 6, respectively. At pH >= 8.5, a distinct interfacial structure was observed, consisting of sharper peaks similar to those previously observed for muscovite in the absence of FA. These peaks are most likely composed of smaller aqueous species, such as H(2)O molecules, metal ion impurities from FA, and Na(+) from NaOH. The FA sorbed on the muscovite Surface at pH 3.7 maintained a relatively constant thickness after 3 hours. However, the electron density of the near-surface FA peak increased by about 24% from 3 to 12 hours, and remained relatively constant from 12 to 500 hours. The electron density of the more distant part of the sorbed FA layer increased slightly after 12-50 hours of reaction but then decreased, and the broad peak flattened by 500 hours. Internal structural changes are possibly due to the slow sorption rate of FA molecules, or a fractionation effect, i.e., continuous substitution of smaller FA molecules by larger FA molecules. C1 [Lee, Sang Soo; Nagy, Kathryn L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Fenter, Paul; Park, Changyong] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 845 W Taylor St,MC-186, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM sslee@anl.gov RI Lee, Sang Soo/B-9046-2012; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008; OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788; Fenter, Paul/0000-0002-6672-9748 NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 7817 EP 7829 DI 10.1021/la703456t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331TC UT WOS:000258034500030 PM 18616301 ER PT J AU Klein, RJ Fischer, DA Lenhart, JL AF Klein, Robert J. Fischer, Daniel A. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Systematic oxidation of polystyrene by ultraviolet-ozone, characterized by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and contact angle SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; POLYMER SURFACES; OXYGEN PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY NEXAFS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS; SOFT; SPECTRA AB The process of implanting oxygen in polystyrene (PS) via exposure to ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O) was systematically investigated using the characterization technique of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Samples of PS exposed to UV-O for 10-300 s and washed with isopropanol were analyzed using the carbon and oxygen K-edge NEXAFS partial electron yields, using various retarding bias voltages to depth-profile the oxygen penetration into the surface. Evaluation of reference polymers provided a scale to quantify the oxygen concentration implanted by UV-O treatment. We find that ozone initially reacts with the double bonds on the phenyl rings, forming carbonyl groups, but within I min of exposure, the ratio of double to single oxygen bonds stabilizes at a lower value. Oxygen penetrates the film with relative ease, creating a fairly uniform distribution of oxygen within at least the first 4 nm (the effective depth probed by NEXAFS here). Before oxygen accumulates in large concentrations, however, it preferentially degrades the uppermost layer of the film by removing oxygenated low-molecular-weight oligomers. The failure to accumulate high concentrations of oxygen is seen in the nearly constant carbon edge jump, the low concentration of oxygen even at 5 min exposure (58% of that in poly (4-acetoxystyrene), the polymer with the most similarities to UV-O-treated PS), and the relatively high contact angles. At 5 min exposure the oxygen concentration contains ca. 7 atomic % oxygen. The oxygen species that are implanted consist predominantly of single O-C bonds and double O=C bonds but also include a small fraction of O-H. UV-O treatment leads a plateau after 2 min exposure in the water contact angle hysteresis, at a value of 67 +/- 2 degrees, due primarily to chemical heterogeneity. Annealing above T-g allows oxygenated species to move short distances away from the surface but not diffuse further than 1-2 nm. C1 [Klein, Robert J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1821, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Klein, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1821, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rklein@sandia.gov; jllenha@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 8187 EP 8197 DI 10.1021/la800134u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331TC UT WOS:000258034500077 PM 18582129 ER PT J AU Keskin, S Liu, JC Johnson, JK Sholl, DS AF Keskin, Seda Liu, Jinchen Johnson, J. Karl Sholl, David S. TI Testing the accuracy of correlations for multicomponent mass transport of adsorbed gases in metal-organic frameworks: Diffusion of H-2/CH4 mixtures in CuBTC SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MAXWELL-STEFAN FORMULATION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; BINARY-MIXTURES; SORPTION PROPERTIES; MD SIMULATIONS; ZEOLITE MEMBRANES; SINGLE-COMPONENT AB Mass transport of chemical mixtures in nanoporous materials is important in applications such as membrane separations, but measuring diffusion of mixtures experimentally is challenging. Methods that can predict multicomponent diffusion coefficients from single-component data can be extremely useful if these methods are known to be accurate. We present the first test of a method of this kind for molecules adsorbed in a metal-organic framework (MOF). Specifically, we examine the method proposed by Skoulidas, Sholl, and Krishna (SSK) (Langmuir, 2003, 19, 7977) by comparing predictions made with this method to molecular simulations of mixture transport of H-2/CH4 mixtures in CuBTC. These calculations provide the first direct information on mixture transport of any species in a MOF. The predictions of the SSK approach are in good agreement with our direct simulations of binary diffusion, suggesting that this approach may be a powerful one for examining multicomponent diffusion in MOFs. We also use our molecular simulation data to test the ideal adsorbed solution theory method for predicting binary adsorption isotherms and a method for predicting mixture self-diffusion coefficients. C1 [Keskin, Seda; Sholl, David S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Liu, Jinchen; Johnson, J. Karl] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Liu, Jinchen; Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.sholl@chbe.gatech.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013; keskin, seda/H-3196-2016 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003; keskin, seda/0000-0001-5968-0336 NR 69 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 8254 EP 8261 DI 10.1021/la800486f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331TC UT WOS:000258034500086 PM 18613712 ER PT J AU Cox, CD McCollum, JM Allen, MS Dar, RD Simpson, ML AF Cox, Chris D. McCollum, James M. Allen, Michael S. Dar, Roy D. Simpson, Michael L. TI Using noise to probe and characterize gene circuits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gene circuit analysis; noise analysis; stochastic gene expression ID SINGLE-CELL; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; REGULATORY NETWORKS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; VARIABILITY; BIOLOGY; SYSTEMS; ORIGINS AB Stochastic fluctuations (or "noise") in the single-cell populations of molecular species are shaped by the structure and biokinetic rates of the underlying gene circuit. The structure of the noise is summarized by its autocorrelation function. In this article, we introduce the noise regulatory vector as a generalized framework for making inferences concerning the structure and biokinetic rates of a gene circuit from its noise autocorrelation function. Although most previous studies have focused primarily on the magnitude component of the noise (given by the zero-lag autocorrelation function), our approach also considers the correlation component, which encodes additional information concerning the circuit. Theoretical analyses and simulations of various gene circuits show that the noise regulatory vector is characteristic of the composition of the circuit. Although a particular noise regulatory vector does not map uniquely to a single underlying circuit, it does suggest possible candidate circuits, while excluding others, thereby demonstrating the probative value of noise in gene circuit analysis. C1 [Cox, Chris D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [McCollum, James M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Allen, Michael S.; Dar, Roy D.; Simpson, Michael L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Allen, Michael S.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Dar, Roy D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Simpson, Michael L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cox, CD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ccox9@utk.edu; simpsonml1@ornl.gov RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 31 BP 10809 EP 10814 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804829105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 335RT UT WOS:000258308500035 PM 18669661 ER PT J AU Jana, RB Mohanty, BP Springer, EP AF Jana, Raghavendra B. Mohanty, Binayak P. Springer, Everett P. TI Multiscale Bayesian neural networks for soil water content estimation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; CROP SIMULATION; RETENTION; RAINFALL; HYDROLOGY; ACCURACY; DATABASE; SCALE AB Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been used for some time now to estimate soil hydraulic parameters from other available or more easily measurable soil properties. However, most such uses of ANNs as pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been at matching spatial scales (1:1) of inputs and outputs. This approach assumes that the outputs are only required at the same scale as the input data. Unfortunately, this is rarely true. Different hydrologic, hydroclimatic, and contaminant transport models require soil hydraulic parameter data at different spatial scales, depending upon their grid sizes. While conventional (deterministic) ANNs have been traditionally used in these studies, the use of Bayesian training of ANNs is a more recent development. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian framework to derive soil water retention function including its uncertainty at the point or local scale using PTFs trained with coarser-scale Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO)-based soil data. The approach includes an ANN trained with Bayesian techniques as a PTF tool with training and validation data collected across spatial extents (scales) in two different regions in the United States. The two study areas include the Las Cruces Trench site in the Rio Grande basin of New Mexico, and the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) hydrology experimental region in Oklahoma. Each region-specific Bayesian ANN is trained using soil texture and bulk density data from the SSURGO database (scale 1:24,000), and predictions of the soil water contents at different pressure heads with point scale data (1:1) inputs are made. The resulting outputs are corrected for bias using both linear and nonlinear correction techniques. The results show good agreement between the soil water content values measured at the point scale and those predicted by the Bayesian ANN-based PTFs for both the study sites. Overall, Bayesian ANNs coupled with nonlinear bias correction are found to be very suitable tools for deriving soil hydraulic parameters at the local/fine scale from soil physical properties at coarser-scale and across different spatial extents. This approach could potentially be used for soil hydraulic properties estimation and downscaling. C1 [Jana, Raghavendra B.; Mohanty, Binayak P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Springer, Everett P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jana, RB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 301C Coates Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bmohanty@tamu.edu RI Jana, Raghavendra/A-9750-2010; Springer, Everett/B-6376-2012 OI Springer, Everett/0000-0002-9816-8148 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08408 DI 10.1029/2008WR006879 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 336DD UT WOS:000258343600004 ER PT J AU Li, HQ Liaw, PK Choo, H Misra, A AF Li, Hongqi Liaw, Peter K. Choo, Hahn Misra, Amit TI Effect of grain orientation on ductility in a nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TENSILE DUCTILITY; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; METALS; COPPER; STRENGTH; STEEL AB The influence of columnar grain geometry on mechanical property was studied in an electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy. The compressive results show that the strength is independent of grain orientation. However, the plastic strain increased remarkably when the loading axis is parallel to the direction of grain columns, which is due to the enhanced grain boundary and dislocation activities. The significance of the current study is that a new strategy was developed to improve the ductility of nanocrystalline materials. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Li, Hongqi; Misra, Amit] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liaw, Peter K.; Choo, Hahn] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, HQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hqli@lanl.gov RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 5 AR 051907 DI 10.1063/1.2968662 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 336AE UT WOS:000258335900030 ER PT J AU Tanabe, M Nishimura, H Fujioka, S Nagai, K Yamamoto, N Gu, ZZ Pan, C Girard, F Primout, M Villette, B Brebion, D Fournier, KB Fujishima, A Mima, K AF Tanabe, Minoru Nishimura, Hiroaki Fujioka, Shinsuke Nagai, Keiji Yamamoto, Norimasa Gu, Zhong-Ze Pan, Chao Girard, Frederic Primout, Michel Villette, Bruno Brebion, Didier Fournier, Kevin B. Fujishima, Akira Mima, Kunioki TI Titanium dioxide nanofiber-cotton targets for efficient multi-keV x-ray generation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; MATTER; YIELD AB Multi-keV x-ray generation from low-density (27 +/- 7 mg/cm(3)) nanofiber-cotton targets composed of titanium dioxide has been investigated. The cotton targets were heated volumetrically and supersonically to a peak electron temperature of 2.3 keV, which is optimal to yield Ti K-shell x rays. Considerable enhancement of conversion efficiency [(3.7 +/- 0.5)%] from incident laser energy into Ti K-shell x rays (4-6 keV band) was attained in comparison with that [(1.4 +/- 0.9)%] for a planar Ti-foil target. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tanabe, Minoru; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Nagai, Keiji; Yamamoto, Norimasa; Mima, Kunioki] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Gu, Zhong-Ze; Pan, Chao] SE Univ, State Key Lab Bioelect, Jiangsu 210096, Peoples R China. [Girard, Frederic; Primout, Michel; Villette, Bruno; Brebion, Didier] DAM Ile France, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Fournier, Kevin B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fujishima, Akira] Kanagawa Acad Sci & Technol, Takatsu Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. RP Tanabe, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM mtanabae@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Fujishima, Akira/G-7701-2012; Nagai, Keiji/E-5155-2014; Nishimura, Hiroaki/I-4908-2015; Fujioka, Shinsuke/J-5530-2015; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016; Tanabe, Minoru/O-2016-2016 OI Fujioka, Shinsuke/0000-0001-8406-1772; Tanabe, Minoru/0000-0002-9077-3896 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 5 AR 051505 DI 10.1063/1.2969300 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 336AE UT WOS:000258335900022 ER PT J AU Walkosz, W Klie, RF Ogut, S Borisevich, A Becher, PF Pennycook, SJ Idrobo, JC AF Walkosz, W. Klie, R. F. Oeguet, S. Borisevich, A. Becher, P. F. Pennycook, S. J. Idrobo, J. C. TI Atomic resolution study of the interfacial bonding at Si(3)N(4)/CeO(2-delta) grain boundaries SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS AB Using a combination of atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope, we examine the atomic and electronic structures at the interface between Si(3)N(4) (10 (1) over bar0) and CeO(2-d) intergranular film (IGF). Ce atoms are observed to segregate to the interface in a two-layer periodic arrangement, which is significantly different from the structure observed in a previous study. Our EELS experiments show (i) oxygen in direct contact with the terminating Si(3)N(4) open-ring structures, (ii) a change in the Ce valence from a nominal oxidation state of +3 to almost +4 moving from the interface into the IGF, and (iii) a uniform concentration of Si in the film. C1 [Walkosz, W.; Klie, R. F.; Oeguet, S.; Idrobo, J. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Borisevich, A.; Becher, P. F.; Pennycook, S. J.; Idrobo, J. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Idrobo, J. C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM rfklie@uic.edu RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 5 AR 053104 DI 10.1063/1.2968683 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 336AE UT WOS:000258335900064 ER PT J AU Yang, A Chen, ZH Geiler, AL Zuo, X Haskel, D Kravtsov, E Vittoria, C Harris, VG AF Yang, Aria Chen, Zhaohui Geiler, Anton L. Zuo, Xu Haskel, Daniel Kravtsov, E. Vittoria, C. Harris, V. G. TI Element- and site-specific oxidation state and cation distribution in manganese ferrite films by diffraction anomalous fine structure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-FIELD COEFFICIENTS; MNFE2O4; SCALE AB Epitaxial manganese ferrite thin films were studied by x-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure to obtain element-specific and site-specific information on site occupancy, local structure, and valency. These properties were introduced to molecular field theory to reproduce thermomagnetization curves and determine superexchange energy, Neel temperature, and spin canting angle. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Yang, Aria; Chen, Zhaohui; Geiler, Anton L.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yang, Aria; Chen, Zhaohui; Geiler, Anton L.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zuo, Xu] Nankai Univ, Coll Informat Tech Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Haskel, Daniel; Kravtsov, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fyang@ece.neu.edu RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Kravtsov, Evgeny/J-3593-2013; Zuo, Xu/H-3358-2014 OI Kravtsov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5663-5692; Zuo, Xu/0000-0001-9440-1021 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 5 AR 052504 DI 10.1063/1.2969406 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 336AE UT WOS:000258335900046 ER PT J AU Gong, CMS Lukens, WW Poineau, F Czerwinski, KR AF Gong, Cynthia-May S. Lukens, Wayne W. Poineau, Frederic Czerwinski, Kenneth R. TI Reduction of pertechnetate by acetohydroxamic acid: Formation of [Tc-II(NO)(AHA)(2)(H2O)](+) and implications for the UREX process SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TECHNETIUM NITROSYL COMPLEX; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PI-ACCEPTOR LIGANDS; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; SPIN-RESONANCE; NITRIC-OXIDE; HYDROXYLAMINE AB Reductive nitrosylation and complexation of ammonium pertechnetate by acetohydroxamic acid has been achieved in aqueous nitric and perchloric acid solutions. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the relative concentrations of the reaction components and are accelerated at higher temperatures. The reaction does not occur unless conditions are acidic. Analysis of the X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic data is consistent with a pseudo-octahedral geometry and the linear Tc-N-O bond typical of technetium nitrosyl compounds, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy is consistent with a d(5) Tc(II) nitrosyl complex. The nitrosyl source is generally AHA, but it may be augmented by some products of the reaction with nitric acid. The resulting low-valency trans-aquonitrosyl(diacetohydroxamic)-technetium(II) complex ([Tc-II(NO)(AHA)(2)H2O](+), 1) is highly soluble in water, extremely hydrophilic, and is not extracted by tri-n-butyl phosphate in a doclecane diluent. Its extraction properties are not pH-dependent: potentiometric-spectrophotometric titration studies indicate a single species from pH 4 down to -0.6 (calculated). This molecule is resistant to oxidation by H2O2, even at high pH, and can undergo substitution to form other technetium nitrosyl complexes. The potential formation of 1 during reprocessing may strongly impact the fate of technetium in the nuclear fuel cycle. C1 [Gong, Cynthia-May S.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Lukens, Wayne W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Czerwinski, KR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM czerwin2@unlv.nevada.edu NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 6674 EP 6680 DI 10.1021/ic8000202 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 331CT UT WOS:000257991000017 PM 18597420 ER PT J AU Strautmann, JBH George, SD Bothe, E Bill, E Weyhermuller, T Stammler, A Bogge, H Glaser, T AF Strautmann, Julia B. H. George, Serena DeBeer Bothe, Eberhard Bill, Eckhard Weyhermueller, Thomas Stammler, Ania Boegge, Hartmut Glaser, Thorsten TI Molecular and electronic structures of mononuclear iron complexes using strongly electron-donating ligands and their oxidized forms SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PHENOXYL RADICAL COMPLEXES; MONOOXYGENASE INTERMEDIATE-Q; TAURINE/ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DIOXYGENASE; (FE2O2)-O-IV DIAMOND CORE; VALENT NONHEME IRON; C-H BONDS; PROTOCATECHUATE 3,4-DIOXYGENASE; GALACTOSE-OXIDASE; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The ligand L2- (H2L = NAr-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2-diaminoethane) has been employed for the synthesis of two mononuclear Fe-III complexes, namely, [LFe(eta(2)-NO3)] and [LFeCl]. L2- is comprised of four strongly electron-donating groups (two tert-amines and two phenolates) that increase the electron density at the coordinated ferric ions. This property should facilitate oxidation of the complexes, that is, stabilization of the oxidized species. The molecular structures in the solid state have been established by X-ray diffraction studies. [LFeCl] is five-coordinate in a square-pyramidal coordination environment with the ligand adopting a trans-conformation, while [LFe(eta(2)-NO3)] is six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral environment with the ligand in a beta-cis conformation. The electronic structures have been studied using magnetization, EPR, Mossbauer (with and without applied field), UV-vis-NIR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, which demonstrate highly anisotropic covalency from the strong sigma- and pi-donating phenolates. This analysis is supported by DFT calculations on [LFeCl]. The variations of the well-understood spectroscopic data in the solid state to the spectroscopic data in solution have been used to obtain insight in the molecular structure of the two complexes in solution. While the molecular structures of the solid states are retained in solutions of nonpolar aprotic solvents, there is, however, one common molecular structure in all protic polar solvents. The analysis of the LMCT transitions and the rhombicity E/D clearly establish that both compounds exhibit a beta-cis conformation in these protic polar solvents. These two open coordination sites, cis to each other, allow access for two potential ligands in close proximity. Electrochemical analysis establishes two reversible oxidation waves for [LFeCl] at +0.55 V and +0.93 V vs Fc(+)/Fc and one reversible oxidation wave at +0.59 V with an irreversible oxidation at +1.07 V vs Fc+/Fc for [LFe(eta(2)-NO3)]. The one- and the two-electron oxidations of [LFeCl] by chronoamperometry have been followed spectroscopically. The increase of a strong band centered at 420 nm indicates the formulation of [LFeCl](+) as a Fe-III monophenoxyl radical complex and of [LFeCl](2+) as a Fe-III bisphenoxyll radical complex. These studies imply that the ligand L2- is capable of providing a flexible coordination geometry with two binding sites for substrates and the allocation of two oxidation equivalents on the ligand. C1 [Strautmann, Julia B. H.; Stammler, Ania; Boegge, Hartmut; Glaser, Thorsten] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [George, Serena DeBeer] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Bothe, Eberhard; Bill, Eckhard; Weyhermueller, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. RP Glaser, T (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM thorsten.glaser@uni-bielefeld.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Glaser, Thorsten/H-5187-2013 OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; Glaser, Thorsten/0000-0003-2056-7701 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209] NR 113 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 6804 EP 6824 DI 10.1021/ic800335t PG 21 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 331CT UT WOS:000257991000031 PM 18582030 ER PT J AU Jing, J Burton-Pye, BP Francesconi, LC Antonio, MR AF Jing, Jing Burton-Pye, Benjamin P. Francesconi, Lynn C. Antonio, Mark R. TI Europium(III) reduction and speciation within a Wells-Dawson heteropolytungstate SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; W-183 NMR; LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; REDOX POTENTIALS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CATION SIZE AB The redox speciation of Eu(III) in the 1:1 stoichiometric complex with the alpha-1 isomer of the Wells-Dawson anion, [alpha-1-P2W17O61](10-) was studied by electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis), in situ XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroelectrochemistry, NMR spectroscopy (P-31), and optical luminescence. Solutions of K-7[(H2O)(4)Eu(alpha-1-P2W17O61)] in a 0.2 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte (pH 3.0) show a pronounced concentration dependence to the voltarnmetric response. The fully oxidized anion and its reduced forms were probed by Eu L-3-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) measurements in simultaneous combination with controlled potential electrolysis, demonstrating that Eu(III) in the original complex is reduced to Eu(II) in conjunction with the reduction of polyoxometalate (POM) ligand. After exhaustive reduction, the heteropoly blue species with Eu(II) is unstable with respect to cluster isomerization, fragmentation, and recombination to form three other Eu-POMs as well as the parent Wells-Dawson anion, alpha-[P2W18O62](6-). EXAFS data obtained for the reduced, metastable Eu(II)-POM before the onset of Eu(II) autoxidation provides an average Eu-O bond length of 2.55(4) A, which is 0.17 angstrom longer than that for the oxidized anion, and consistent with the 0.184 A difference between the Eu(II) and Eu(Ill) ionic radii. The reduction of Eu(III) is unusual among POM complexes with Lindqvist and alpha-2 isomers of Wells-Dawson anions, that is, [Eu(W5O18)](9-)- and [Eu(alpha-2-As2W17O61)(2)](17-), but not to the Preyssler complex anion, [EUP5W30O110](12-), and fundamental studies of materials based on coupling Eu and POM redox properties are still needed to address new avenues of research in europium hydrometallurgy, separations, and catalysis sciences. C1 [Jing, Jing; Burton-Pye, Benjamin P.; Francesconi, Lynn C.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Jing, Jing; Burton-Pye, Benjamin P.; Francesconi, Lynn C.] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Antonio, Mark R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Francesconi, LC (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM lfrances@hunter.cuny.edu; niantonio@anl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03037-08]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM60654] NR 92 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 6889 EP 6899 DI 10.1021/ic800465e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 331CT UT WOS:000257991000040 PM 18616240 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Martin, LR Schmitt, NC AF Mincher, Bruce J. Martin, Leigh R. Schmitt, Nicholas C. TI Tributylphosphate extraction behavior of bismuthate-oxidized americium SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; SEPARATION; PHOSPHATE; FLUORIDE; AM(V); THERMODYNAMICS; BISMUTH(III); STABILITY; ELEMENTS AB Higher oxidation states of americium have long been known; however, options for their preparation in acidic solution are limited. The conventional choice, silver-catalyzed peroxydisulfate, is not useful at nitric acid concentrations above about 0.3 M. We investigated the use of sodium bismuthate as an oxidant for AM(3+) in acidic solution. Room-temperature oxidation produced AmO22+ quantitatively, whereas oxidation at 80 degrees C produced AmO2+ quantitatively. The efficacy of the method for the production of oxidized americium was verified by fluoride precipitation and by spectroscopic absorbance measurements. We performed absorbance measurements using a conventional 1 cm cell for high americium concentrations and a 100 cm liquid waveguide capillary cell for low americium. concentrations. Extinction coefficients for the absorbance of AM(3+) at 503 nm, AmO2+ at 514 nm, and AmO22+ at 666 nm in 0.1 M nitric acid are reported. We also performed solvent extraction experiments with the hexavalent americium using the common actinide extraction ligand tributyl phosphate (TBP) for comparison to the other hexavalent actinides. Contact with 30% tributyl phosphate in dodecane reduced americium; it was nevertheless extracted using short contact times. The TBP extraction of AmO22+ over a range of nitric acid concentrations is shown for the first time and was found to be analogous to that of uranyl, neptunyl, and plutonyl ions. C1 [Mincher, Bruce J.; Martin, Leigh R.; Schmitt, Nicholas C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110; NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 6984 EP 6989 DI 10.1021/ic800667h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 331CT UT WOS:000257991000049 PM 18597416 ER PT J AU Schwartz, SE AF Schwartz, Stephen E. TI Reply to comments by G. Foster et al., R. Knutti et al., and N. Scafetta on "Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERATURE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schwartz, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ses@bnl.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15105 DI 10.1029/2008JD009872 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333KN UT WOS:000258151500008 ER PT J AU Doughty, C Tsang, CF Hatanaka, K Yabuuchi, S Kurikami, H AF Doughty, Christine Tsang, Chin-Fu Hatanaka, Koichiro Yabuuchi, Satoshi Kurikami, Hiroshi TI Application of direct-fitting, mass integral, and multirate methods to analysis of flowing fluid electric conductivity logs from Horonobe, Japan SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE INFLOW PARAMETERS; LOGGING METHOD; SITE AB The flowing fluid electric conductivity (FFEC) logging method is an efficient way to provide information on the depths, salinities, and inflow strengths of individual conductive features intercepted by a borehole, without the use of specialized probes. Using it in a multiple-flow rate mode allows, in addition, an estimate of the transmissivities and inherent (far-field) hydraulic heads in each of the conductive features. The multirate method was successfully applied to a 500-m borehole in a granitic formation and reported recently. The present paper describes the application of the method to two zones within a 1000-m borehole in sedimentary rock, which produced, for each zone, three sets of logs at different pumping rates, each set measured over a period of about 1 day. The data sets involve several complications, such as variable well diameter, gradual water level decline in the well during logging, possible fluid flow through the unfractured rock matrix, and effects of drilling mud. Various techniques were applied to analyze the FFEC logs: direct-fitting, mass integral, and the multirate method mentioned above. In spite of complications associated with the tests, analysis was able to identify 44 hydraulically conducting fractures distributed over the depth interval 150-775 m below ground surface. The salinities (in FEC), and transmissivities and hydraulic heads (in dimensionless form) of these 44 features were obtained and found to vary significantly among one another. These results were compared with transmissivity and head values inferred from eight packer tests that were conducted in this borehole over the same depth interval. FFEC results were found to be consistent with packer test results, thus demonstrating the robustness of the FFEC logging method under nonideal conditions. C1 [Doughty, Christine; Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hatanaka, Koichiro; Yabuuchi, Satoshi; Kurikami, Hiroshi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Horonobe Underground Res Unit, Horonobe Cho, Hokkaido 0983224, Japan. RP Doughty, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cadoughty@lbl.gov RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08403 DI 10.1029/2007WR006441 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333NF UT WOS:000258158500003 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Lewis, Jared C. Bergman, Robert G. Ellman, Jonathan A. TI Direct functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles via Rh-catalyzed C-H bond activation SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION; COUPLING REACTIONS; DIRECT ARYLATION; ARYL HALIDES; CARBENES; COMPLEX; ALKENES; ALKALOIDS; CHEMISTRY; ARENES AB Nitrogen heterocycles are present in many compounds of enormous practical importance, ranging from pharmaceutical agents and biological probes to electroactive materials. Direct functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles through C-H bond activation constitutes a powerful means of regioselectively introducing a variety of substituents with diverse functional groups onto the heterocycle scaffold. Working together, our two groups have developed a family of Rh-catalyzed heterocycle alkylation and arylation reactions that are notable for their high level of functional-group compatibility. This Account describes our work in this area, emphasizing the relevant mechanistic insights that enabled synthetic advances and distinguished the resulting transformations from other methods. We initially discovered an intramolecular Rh-catalyzed C-2 alkylation of azoles by alkenyl groups. That reaction provided access to a number of di-, tri-, and tetracyclic azole derivatives. We then developed conditions that exploited microwave heating to expedite these reactions. While investigating the mechanism of this transformation, we discovered that a novel substrate-derived Rh-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex was involved as an intermediate. We then synthesized analogous Rh-NHC complexes directly by treating precursors to the intermediate [RhCl(PCy(3))(2)] with N-methylbenzimidazole, 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline, and 1-methyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one. Extensive kinetic analysis and DFT calculations supported a mechanism for carbene formation in which the catalytically active RhCl(PCy(3))(2) fragment coordinates to the heterocycle before intramolecular activation of the C-H bond occurs. The resulting Rh-H intermediate ultimately tautomerizes to the observed carbene complex. With this mechanistic information and the discovery that acid cocatalysts accelerate the alkylation, we developed conditions that efficiently and intermolecularly alkylate a variety of heterocycles, including azoles, azolines, dihydroquinazolines, pyridines, and quinolines, with a wide range of functionalized olefins. We demonstrated the utility of this methodology in the synthesis of natural products, drug candidates, and other biologically active molecules. In addition, we developed conditions to directly arylate these heterocycles with aryl halides. Our initial conditions that used PCy(3) as a ligand were successful only for aryl iodides. However, efforts designed to avoid catalyst decomposition led to the development of ligands based on 9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (phoban) that also facilitated the coupling of aryl bromides. We then replicated the unique coordination environment, stability, and catalytic activity of this complex using the much simpler tetrahydrophosphepine ligands and developed conditions that coupled aryl bromides bearing diverse functional groups without the use of a glovebox or purified reagents. With further mechanistic inquiry, we anticipate that researchers will better understand the details of the aforementioned Rh-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions, resulting in the design of more efficient and robust catalysts, expanded substrate scope, and new transformations. C1 [Bergman, Robert G.; Ellman, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergman, Robert G.; Ellman, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lewis, Jared C.] CALTECH, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rgbergman@gmail.com; jellman@berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIH [GM069559]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the NIH, Grant GM069559 to J.A.E., and by the Director and Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 to R.G.B. NR 66 TC 606 Z9 606 U1 23 U2 299 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1013 EP 1025 DI 10.1021/ar800042p PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 339MB UT WOS:000258580600013 PM 18616300 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, FJ Lu, WC Bernholc, J AF Ribeiro, Filipe J. Lu, Wenchang Bernholc, Jerzy TI Doping-dependent negative differential resistance in hybrid organic/inorganic Si-porphyrin-Si junctions SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE porphyrin; quantum transport; negative differential resistance; silicon; doping ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SILICON; DEVICE; MONOLAYERS; SI(100) AB Quantum transport properties of porphyrin-bridged p-n junctions with Si leads are investigated by ab initio calculations. It is shown that this system exhibits strong negative differential resistance (NDR) peaks, whose magnitude and position can be controlled by the doping levels of the leads and by changing the central transition metal atom of the porphyrin. These results are explained by bias-induced on-off switching of resonant tunneling channels associated with specific molecular orbitals. The predicted behavior is general and should be observable for other organic molecules bridging doped semiconducting leads. C1 [Ribeiro, Filipe J.; Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, Jerzy] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ribeiro, Filipe J.; Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, Jerzy] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, Jerzy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernholc, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bernholc@ncsu.edu OI Ribeiro, Filipe/0000-0003-3843-7702 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 8 BP 1517 EP 1522 DI 10.1021/nn800252b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342HK UT WOS:000258775000004 PM 19206354 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Liu, XY Biner, SB AF Chen, Q. Liu, X. -Y. Biner, S. B. TI Solute and dislocation junction interactions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation dynamics; Monte Carlo techniques; bulk diffusion; interstitials ID PIPE DIFFUSION; FCC METALS; SIMULATION; HYDROGEN; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; DYNAMICS; STRENGTH; MOTION; FIELD AB In this study, the role of solute segregation on the strength and the evolution behavior of dislocation junctions is studied by utilizing kinetic Monte Carlo and three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations. The different solute concentrations and the character of the junctions are all included in the simulations in an effort to make a parametric investigation. The results indicate that the solutes have a profound effect on the strength of the junctions. Solute segregation can lead to both strengthening and weakening behavior, depending upon the evolution of the dislocation junctions. The local solute concentration seems to be the more relevant parameter to characterizing the solute and dislocation interactions, due to the short-range stress field of solutes; and its bounds are set by the unconstrained volume dilatation. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Q.; Liu, X. -Y.; Biner, S. B.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sbbiner@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 2937 EP 2947 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100002 ER PT J AU Wang, J Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP Misra, A AF Wang, J. Hoagland, R. G. Hirth, J. P. Misra, A. TI Atomistic simulations of the shear strength and sliding mechanisms of copper-niobium interfaces SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE molecular statics simulations; slip; dislocation; interfaces; multilayers ID NANOLAYERED COMPOSITES; MULTILAYERS; METALS; SLIP; CU; DISLOCATIONS; DIFFUSION; BARRIERS; MODEL AB Interfaces play a prominent role in the deformation behavior of high-strength Cu-Nb layered composites by acting as barriers to slip transmission due to core spreading of glide dislocations within interfaces. The dislocation core spreading along the interfaces implies these interfaces are weak in shear. In this investigation, we have used atomistic simulations to explore the shear resistance and sliding mechanism of interfaces of Cu-Nb layered composites, as a function of applied in-plane shear direction and different interface atomic structures. The simulation results indicate that the shear strengths of Cu-Nb interfaces are: (i) lower than the theoretical estimates of shear strengths for perfect crystals, (ii) strongly anisotropic, (iii) spatially non-uniform and (iv) strongly dependent on the atomic structures of interfaces. The mechanism of interface sliding involves glide of interfacial dislocation loops that nucleate in the weakest regions of interfaces. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, J.; Hoagland, R. G.; Hirth, J. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Misra, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wangj6@lanl.gov RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Wang, Jian/F-2669-2012 OI Wang, Jian/0000-0001-5130-300X NR 23 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3109 EP 3119 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.003 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100018 ER PT J AU Jiang, C Uberuaga, BP Srinivasan, SG AF Jiang, Chao Uberuaga, B. P. Srinivasan, S. G. TI Point defect thermodynamics and diffusion in Fe3C: A first-principles study SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE steels; carbides; point defects; diffusion; first-principle electron theory ID MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; LAVES-PHASE ALLOYS; SITE PREFERENCE; ATOMIC DEFECTS; SADDLE-POINTS; CEMENTITE; INTERMETALLICS; EQUILIBRIUM; EXCHANGE AB The point defect structure of cementite (Fe3C) is investigated using a combination of the statistical mechanical Wagner-Schottky model and first-principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. Large 128-atom supercells are employed to obtain fully converged point defect formation energies. The present study unambiguously shows that carbon vacancies and octahedral carbon interstitials are the structural defects in C-depleted and C-rich cementite, respectively. The dominant thermal defects in C-depleted and stoichiometric cementite are found to be carbon Frenkel pairs. In C-rich cementite, however, the primary thermal excitations are strongly temperature-dependent: interbranch, Schottky and Frenkel defects dominate successively with increasing temperature. Using the nudged elastic band technique, the migration barriers of major point defects in cementite are also determined and compared with available experiments in the literature. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Chao; Uberuaga, B. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Srinivasan, S. G.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Jiang, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chao@lanl.gov RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011; Jiang, Chao/D-1957-2017 OI Jiang, Chao/0000-0003-0610-6327 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3236 EP 3244 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.012 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100029 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Tang, M Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Tang, M. Woodward, C. TI Athermal mechanisms of size-dependent crystal flow gleaned from three-dimensional discrete dislocation simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation dynamics; plastic deformation; compression test; nickel; size effects ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; LENGTH SCALES; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STRAIN GRADIENTS; MICRO-PILLARS; THIN-FILM; STRENGTH; AVALANCHES AB Recent experimental studies have revealed that micrometer-scale face-centered cubic (fcc) crystals show strong strengthening effects, even at high initial dislocation densities. We use large-scale three-dimensional discrete dislocation simulations (DDS) to explicitly model the deformation behavior of fcc Ni microcrystals in the size range of 0.5-20 mu m. This study shows that two size-sensitive athermal hardening processes, beyond forest hardening, are sufficient to develop the dimensional scaling of the flow stress, stochastic stress variation, flow intermittency and high initial strain-hardening rates, similar to experimental observations for various materials. One mechanism, source-truncation hardening, is especially potent in micrometer-scale volumes. A second mechanism, termed exhaustion hardening, results from a breakdown of the mean-field conditions for forest hardening in small volumes, thus biasing the statistics of ordinary dislocation processes. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RxLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Tang, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Woodward, C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RxLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM satish.rao@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 67 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3245 EP 3259 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.011 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100030 ER PT J AU Reed, BW Kumar, M Minich, RW Rudd, RE AF Reed, Bryan W. Kumar, Mukul Minich, Roger W. Rudd, Robert E. TI Fracture roughness scaling and its correlation with grain boundary network structure SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary engineering; coincident site lattice (CSL); grain boundary embrittlement; corrosion; nickel alloys ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PERCOLATION THEORY; TRIPLE JUNCTIONS; FCC MATERIALS; SURFACES; CHARACTER; NICKEL; POLYCRYSTALS; EVOLUTION AB Roughness scaling laws for intergranular cracks deviate from self-affine (fractal-like) behavior at length scales related to the polycrystalline microstructure. We consider two versions of the same alloy material with many of the same microstructural length scales but differing in their processing history: one conventional and one grain boundary engineered. The engineered material, processed to contain a high fraction of "special" grain boundaries, fails more slowly and more isotropically. We present evidence that the difference is determined by processes related to clusters of twin-related grains, shown through analysis of scales of the fracture roughness measured with confocal microscopy and the special grain boundary network determined by electron backscatter diffraction. Above the cluster scale, the fracture roughness exponents in the two materials are nearly indistinguishable (confirming theoretical predictions); below this scale conventional cracks exhibit correlations indicating consistently weak paths for crack propagation, suggesting percolation of "random" boundaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Reed, Bryan W.; Kumar, Mukul; Minich, Roger W.; Rudd, Robert E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reed, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reed12@llnl.gov RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013; OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 3278 EP 3289 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.019 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330RS UT WOS:000257961100033 ER PT J AU de Boer, MP Corwin, AD Kotula, PG Baker, MS Michael, JR Subhash, G Shaw, MJ AF de Boer, Maarten P. Corwin, Alex D. Kotula, Paul G. Baker, Michael S. Michael, Joseph R. Subhash, Ghatu Shaw, Michael J. TI On-chip laboratory suite for testing of free-standing metal film mechanical properties, Part II - Experiments SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE thin-films; mechanical properties testing; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); aluminium alloys ID SILICON THIN-FILMS; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; RESIDUAL-STRESS; MEMS MATERIALS; POLYSILICON; SPECIMENS; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; SCALE AB In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of electrostatically loaded, free-standing Al-0.5 wt.%Cu thin-film samples, realizing a near-zero compliance support post. We measure Young's modulus E = 74 GPa using cantilevers, in good agreement with grain texture measurements. We measure residual stress sigma(R) ranging from 30 to 60 MPa using fixed-fixed beams and find that processing induces significant plastic straining, which leads to residual stress values significantly less than the as-deposited value. Strength of this alloy is at least 172 MPa if the film is not severely strained, and the material exhibits no room-temperature fatigue up to I billion cycles at this stress level. Notched devices that have been subjected to process-induced plastic straining of similar to 4% are weaker and fatigue logarithmically with the number of cycles. We compare deformation processes on the samples using ex situ TEM. The mechanism for the high strength value is attributed to the grain size and the thin surface oxide which constrain dislocation glide, while fatigue of the highly strained material is associated with the appearance of persistent slip bands. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Boer, Maarten P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [de Boer, Maarten P.; Corwin, Alex D.; Kotula, Paul G.; Baker, Michael S.; Michael, Joseph R.; Subhash, Ghatu; Shaw, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Subhash, Ghatu] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mpdcbo@andrew.cmu.edu RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011; de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759; de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The staff at the Microelectronics Development Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories fabricated the samples. Jim Stevens performed deposition studies on the Al film stress. Peggy Clews released the Al-0.5%Cu films. We also thank Michael Rye for TEM sample preparation and SEM work and Gary Zender for SEM work. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3313 EP 3326 DI 10.1010/j.actamat.2008.03.034 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600001 ER PT J AU de Boer, MP DelRio, FW Baker, MS AF de Boer, Maarten P. DelRio, Frank W. Baker, Michael S. TI On-chip test structure suite for free-standing metal film mechanical property testing, Part I - Analysis SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE micromechanical modeling; finite element analysis; residual stresses; plastic deformation ID RF MEMS; ACTUATORS; SWITCHES; STRENGTH; BEAMS AB We propose and analyze a notched free-standing thin-film structure subject to a well-defined stress concentration in pure tension for in situ mechanical testing of thin metal films. Load is applied electrostatically, making testing and handling routine and simple. The sensitivity of the notched structure to geometry, residual stress and to electrostatic instability are modeled and discussed. It is found that significant plastic straining can occur in the notch region before electrostatic instability. Coupled with adjacent cantilevers and fixed-fixed beams, this small area test structure suite enables a platform for evaluating linear properties such as Young's modulus and residual stress, and gaining information on inelastic properties such as plasticity and fatigue. The total area of the suite is much smaller than that of a typical chip, allowing for the possibility that these devices can serve as diagnostic test structures. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Boer, Maarten P.; DelRio, Frank W.; Baker, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mpdebo@andrew.cmu.edu RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3344 EP 3352 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.033 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600004 ER PT J AU Loomis, E Swift, D McNaney, J Lorenzana, H Peralta, P AF Loomis, E. Swift, D. McNaney, J. Lorenzana, H. Peralta, P. TI Plasticity effects in dynamically loaded nickel aluminide bicrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE plastic deformation; grain boundary; nickel aluminides; plastic wave; crystal growth ID ACCELERATION-WAVES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NIAL BICRYSTALS; PRECURSOR DECAY; RATE DEPENDENCE; ELASTIC-WAVES; PROPAGATION; SOLIDS; STRESS; DEFORMATION AB This work is concerned with achieving an improved understanding of the role of material strength effects during interactions of shock waves with grain boundaries. To this end, experiments have been performed using nanosecond laser shocks of nickel aluminide bicrystals at tens of GPa. Velocity histories were measured along a line on the free surface of the bicrystals and used to characterize the material behavior. Unstable plastic flow in < 100 > grains was seen to occur when loaded above 700 m s(-1) free surface velocity. Observations of the grain boundary region showed that a smooth transition occurred between the elastic precursors in both grains as well as the plastic waves (when plastic flow is evident). Futhermore, the length of the transition zone across the boundary was observed to be larger than the projection of the boundary, indicating that refraction of the incident wave resulted in the initiation of transmitted and reflected waves. A model is developed to explain the experimentally observed behavior. The model describes the scattering of elastic-plastic waves off of grain boundaries in crystalline materials where slip is the active deformation mechanism. Reflected elastic release waves and transmitted plastic waves scattering at large angles (i.e. 56 degrees for the transmitted wave) from the boundary are predicted for the case of an incident plastic wave propagating along < 111 > and impacting a 45 degrees inclined boundary, which appears to be consistent with the experimental VISAR records. The case of an incident < 100 > plastic wave could not be treated since the incident polarization vector is either parallel or perpendicular to the operative slip vectors in NiAl. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Loomis, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Swift, D.; McNaney, J.; Lorenzana, H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Peralta, P.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Loomis, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM loomis@lanl.gov RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3647 EP 3662 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.042 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600034 ER PT J AU Shen, TD Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS AF Shen, T. D. Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Yusheng TI What is the theoretical density of a nanocrystalline material? SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline; theoretical density; excess volume; dislocation density; grain size ID MECHANICALLY MILLED POWDERS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; TENSILE DUCTILITY; X-RAY; DISLOCATIONS; NI; FE; AL; ALLOYS AB We prepared nanocrystalline Ni by a severe deformation method - high-energy ball milling - and collected neutron diffraction patterns during the annealing of nanocrystalline Ni. Analyzing the neutron diffraction patterns provides the lattice parameter, dislocation density and grain size of nanocrystalline Ni. We found that a low-temperature (T < 260 degrees C) anneal annihilates the statistically stored dislocations whereas a high-temperature (T > 260 degrees C) anneal grows the nanograins. For T < 260 degrees C. where nanocrystalline Ni has a constant grain size, the excess volume is proportional to the density of statistically stored dislocations. For T > 260 degrees C, where the statistically stored dislocations are completely annealed out, the excess volume is inversely proportional to the grain size. However, 80% of the excess volume in our severely deformed nanocrystalline Ni is due to the statistically stored dislocations. We finally used our experimental data to derive the grain size dependence of the theoretical density of a nanocrystalline material free from excess dislocations. The derived theoretical density agrees well with the experimentally measured density of nanocrystalline metallic materials that are relatively free from deformation-induced defects. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Shen, T. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Jianzhong; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shen, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tongde@aol.com RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3663 EP 3671 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.003 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600035 ER PT J AU Millett, PC Desai, T Yamakov, V Wolf, D AF Millett, Paul C. Desai, Tapan Yamakov, Vesselin Wolf, Dieter TI Atomistic simulations of diffusional creep in a nanocrystalline body-centered cubic material SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; nanocrystalline materials; creep; bulk diffusion; grain boundary diffusion ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ACTIVATION VOLUME; VACANCY-FORMATION; BCC METALS; NICKEL; PALLADIUM; BEHAVIOR; DEFECT AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study diffusion-accommodated creep deformation in nanocrystalline molybdenum, a body-centered cubic metal. In our simulations, the microstructures are subjected to constant-stress loading at levels below the dislocation nucleation threshold and at high temperatures (i.e., T > 0.75T(melt)), thereby ensuring that the overall deformation is indeed attributable to atomic self-diffusion. The initial microstructures were designed to consist of hexagonally shaped columnar grains bounded by high-energy asymmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs). Remarkably the creep rates, which exhibit a double-exponential dependence on temperature and a double power-law dependence on grain size, indicate that both GB diffusion in the form of Coble creep and lattice diffusion in the form of Nabarro-Herring creep contribute to the overall deformation. For the first time in an MD simulation, we observe the formation and emission of vacancies from high-angle GBs into the grain interiors, thus enabling bulk diffusion. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Millett, Paul C.; Desai, Tapan; Wolf, Dieter] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Yamakov, Vesselin] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Millett@inl.gov FU DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-051D14517V]; National Institute of Aerospace [NCC-1-02043]; NASA Langley Research Center FX This work was supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517V. V. Yamakov was sponsored through cooperative agreement NCC-1-02043 between the National Institute of Aerospace and NASA Langley Research Center. The authors also gratefully acknowledge technical support from the INL High-Performance Computing group. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3688 EP 3698 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600037 ER PT J AU Wu, L Agnew, SR Brown, DW Stoica, GM Clausen, B Jain, A Fielden, DE Liaw, PK AF Wu, L. Agnew, S. R. Brown, D. W. Stoica, G. M. Clausen, B. Jain, A. Fielden, D. E. Liaw, P. K. TI Internal stress relaxation and load redistribution during the twinning-detwinning-dominated cyclic deformation of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE magnesium; neutron diffraction; deformation twinning; internal strain ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; PSEUDOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; AZ31B; STRAIN; TEMPERATURE; SLIP; MG; AL AB A study of the internal strain (stress) evolution during cyclic deformation dominated by {10 (1) over bar2} < 10 (1) over bar1 > twinning and detwinning mechanisms within a magnesium alloy, ZK60A, was conducted using in situ neutron diffraction. It is shown that once the matrix grains twin, the (00.2) matrix and twin grains are relaxed relative to the neighbors. This load redistribution between the soft- and hard-grain orientations is a result of plastic anisotropy. The twins which formed during the initial compression sustain a tensile stress along the c-axis, when the applied compressive stress is less than similar to 80 MPa upon unloading. This local (intergranular) tensile stress is hypothesized to be effective for driving the detwinning event under a macroscopic compressive field along the c-axis. The activation stresses, 15 and 6 MPa, respectively, for the {10 (1) over bar2} < 10 (1) over bar1 > extension twinning and detwinning, are approximated, based on the relaxation of the internal stresses in the matrix and twin grains. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Wu, L.; Stoica, G. M.; Fielden, D. E.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Agnew, S. R.; Jain, A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Brown, D. W.; Clausen, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lwu7@utk.edu RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X FU National Science foundation [EEC-9527527, DMR-0231320]; Office of Basic Energy Science (DOE) [FWP 06SCPE401]; United States Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Science - Materials Science [W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Science foundation - Combined Research and Curriculum Development (CRCD) Program under EEC-9527527, with Ms. M. Poats as the Program Director, and the National Science Foundation - International Materials Institute (IMI) Program under DMR-0231320, with Dr. C. Huber as the Program Director. S.R.A. is sponsored by a subcontract from the Los Alamos National Laboratory funded by the Office of Basic Energy Science (DOE) through Project FWP 06SCPE401. The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is a national user facility funded by the United States Department of Energy, the Office of Basic Energy Science - Materials Science, under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 with the University of California. NR 33 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3699 EP 3707 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600038 ER PT J AU Valiev, RZ Semenova, IP Latysh, VV Rack, H Lowe, TC Petruzelka, J Dluhos, L Hrusak, D Sochova, J AF Valiev, Ruslan Z. Semenova, Irina P. Latysh, Vladimir V. Rack, Henry Lowe, Terry C. Petruzelka, Jiri Dluhos, Ludek Hrusak, Daniel Sochova, Jarmila TI Nanostructured titanium for biomedical applications SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; SPD C1 [Valiev, Ruslan Z.; Semenova, Irina P.] Ufrr State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. [Latysh, Vladimir V.] Innovat Sci & Tech Ctr Iskra, Ufa 450077, Russia. [Rack, Henry] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Lowe, Terry C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petruzelka, Jiri] Tech Univ Ostrava, FS, CZ-70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic. [Dluhos, Ludek; Sochova, Jarmila] Timplant, CZ-72525 Ostrava Polanka, Czech Republic. [Hrusak, Daniel] FN Plzen, CZ-32300 Plzen, Czech Republic. RP Valiev, RZ (reprint author), Ufrr State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, 12 K Marx Str, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM RZValiev@mail.rb.ru RI Semenova, Irina/K-7508-2014 NR 14 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 7 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP B15 EP B17 DI 10.1002/adem.200800026 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 345AD UT WOS:000258967500015 ER PT J AU Peter, WH AF Peter, William H. TI Titanium powder technology could cut part cost by 50% SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peter, WH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM peterwh@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 166 IS 8 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 337EV UT WOS:000258419200007 ER PT J AU Dai, PC AF Dai, Pengcheng TI Iron-base superconductor analyzed via spectrometer SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 166 IS 8 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 337EV UT WOS:000258419200021 ER PT J AU Bernardoni, F Cacciatori, SL Cerchiai, BL Scotti, A AF Bernardoni, Fabio Cacciatori, Sergio L. Cerchiai, Bianca L. Scotti, Antonio TI Mapping the geometry of the F-4 group SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT LIE GROUP; VOLUME; SU(N) AB Tn this paper, we present a construction of the compact form of the exceptional Lie group F4 by exponentiating the corresponding Lie algebra f4. We realize F, as the automorphisms group of the exceptional Jordan algebra, whose elements are 3 x 3 Hermitian matrices with octonionic entries. We use a parametrization which generalizes the Euler angles for SU(2) and is based on the fibration of F4 via a Spin(9) subgroup as a fiber. This technique allows us to determine an explicit expression for the Haar invariant measure on the F4 group manifold. Apart from shedding light on the structure of F4 and its coset manifold (Bp2 = F4/Spin(9), the octonionic projective plane, these results are a prerequisite for the study of E6, of which F4 is a (maximal) subgroup. C1 [Bernardoni, Fabio] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Math, I-22100 Milan, Italy. [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] INFN, Sezione Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cerchiai, Bianca L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scotti, Antonio] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Matemat, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bernardoni, F (reprint author), Univ Valencia, CSIC, Dept Fis Teor, IFIC, Apt Correus, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM Fabio.Bernardoni@ific.uv.es; sergio.cacciatori@uninsubria.it; BLCerchiai@lbl.gov; antonio.scotti@gmai.com OI Cerchiai, Bianca Letizia/0000-0002-0109-0330; Cacciatori, Sergio Luigi/0000-0002-4167-9123 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1095-0761 J9 ADV THEOR MATH PHYS JI Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 889 EP 944 PG 56 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 337EG UT WOS:000258417700006 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ Collis, SS AF Chen, Guoquan Collis, S. Scott TI Discontinuous Galerkin multimodel methods for optimal control of aeroacoustics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-13, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA ID BLADE-VORTEX INTERACTIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOW-CONTROL; NOISE; SOUND; REDUCTION AB A new multimodel computational framework for optimal control of aeroacoustic noise is presented using a nearfield compressible Navier-Stokes solver coupled with a far-field linearized Enter solver, both based on a discontinuous Galerkin formulation. In this approach, the coupling of near- and far-field domains is achieved by weakly enforcing continuity of normal fluxes across a coupling surface that encloses all nonlinearities and noise sources. For optimal control, gradient information is obtained by the solution ofan appropriate adjoint problem that involves the propagation ofadjoint information from the far field to the near field. This computational framework is applied to study optimal boundary control of blade-vortex interaction, which is a significant noise source for helicopters on approach to landing. In the prototype problem presented here, the noise propagated toward the ground is reduced by 12 dB, demonstrating the potential of an optimization-based approach to blade-vortexinteraction noise control. C1 [Chen, Guoquan] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Collis, S. Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77042 USA. EM guoquan.chen@iongeo.com; sscoll@sandia.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1890 EP 1899 DI 10.2514/1.23798 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 335HM UT WOS:000258281400001 ER PT J AU Wittmers, LE Aufderheide, AC Pounds, JG Jones, KW Angel, JL AF Wittmers, L. E., Jr. Aufderheide, A. C. Pounds, J. G. Jones, K. W. Angel (Posthumous), J. L. TI Problems in determination of skeletal lead burden in archaeological samples: An example from the First African Baptist Church population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagenesis; age and soil lead content; atomic absorption spectrometry; X-ray fluorescence ID BURIED HUMAN-BONE; ABSORPTION AB Human bone lead content has been demonstrated to be related to socioeconomic status, occupation and other social and environmental correlates. Skeletal tissue samples from 135 individuals from an early nineteenth century Philadelphia cemetery (First African Baptist Church) were studied by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence for lead content. High bone lead levels led to investigation of possible diagenetic effects. These were investigated by several different approaches including distribution of lead within bone by X-ray fluorescence, histological preservation, soil lead concentration and acidity as well as location and depth of burial. Bone lead levels were very high in children, exceeding those of the adult population that were buried in the cemetery, and also those of present day adults. The antemortem age-related increase in bone lead, reported in other studies, was not evidenced in this population. Lead was evenly deposited in areas of taphonomic bone destruction. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence studies revealed no consistent pattern of lead microdistribution within the bone. Our conclusions are that postmortem diagenesis of lead ion has penetrated these archaeological bones to a degree that makes their original bone lead content irretrievable by any known method. Increased bone porosity is most likely responsible for the very high levels of lead found in bones of newborns and children. C1 [Wittmers, L. E., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Aufderheide, A. C.] Univ Minnesota, Paleobiol Lab, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Aufderheide, A. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pathol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Pounds, J. G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atom & Appl Phys, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jones, K. W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Sect Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wittmers, LE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, 1035 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM lwittmer@d.umn.edu OI Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 FU PHS HHS [P41RRO1838] NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20819 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 327ZF UT WOS:000257766300002 PM 18386797 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD AF Jackson, J. D. TI Examples of the zeroth theorem of the history of science SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT CONVERSIONS; ELECTRON; RADIATION; PARTICLES; PATHS; STARS; FIELD; IONS AB The zeroth theorem of the history of science (enunciated by E. P. Fischer) and widely known in the mathematics community as Arnol'd's principle states that a discovery (rule, regularity, or insight) named after someone often did not originate with that person. I present five examples from physics: the Lorentz condition partial derivative(mu)A(mu)=0 defining the Lorentz gauge of the electromagnetic potentials, the Dirac delta function delta(x), the Schumann resonances of the Earth-ionosphere cavity, the Weizsacker-Williams method of virtual quanta, and the Bargmann, Michel, and Telegdi equation of spin dynamics. I give sketches of both the actual and reputed discoverers and quote from their "discovery" publications. (c) 2008 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 [Jackson, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, J. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdjackson@lbl.gov NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 76 IS 8 BP 704 EP 719 DI 10.1119/1.2904468 PG 16 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 327YQ UT WOS:000257764800002 ER PT J AU Muller, T Baumgartner, LP Foster, CT Roselle, GT AF Mueller, Thomas Baumgartner, Lukas P. Foster, C. Tom, Jr. Roselle, Gregory T. TI Forward modeling of the effects of mixed volatile reaction, volume diffusion, and formation of submicroscopic exsolution lamellae on calcite-dolomite thermometry SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE calcite-dolomite thermometry; contact metamorphism; Ubehebe Peak; mineral growth; fluid infiltration ID PEAK CONTACT AUREOLE; COUPLED FLUID-FLOW; SYSTEM CACO3-MGCO3-FECO3; BALLACHULISH AUREOLE; PHASE-RELATIONS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; TRACE-ELEMENT; ALTA STOCK; METAMORPHISM; INFILTRATION AB This paper reports the results of several thousand analyses of the Mg content of calcite from 3 1 samples from the Ubehebe Peak contact aureole, Death Valley, California. All data reported are from metamorphic calcite formed during mixed volatile-mineral reactions in which dolomite remained in the rock. The Mg content generally increases toward the intrusive contact and bend with increasing temperature, but it varies strongly. Indeed, probability distributions for each sample are near Gaussian, possess a relatively small skewness (-1.72 to 3.32), and a variance that is a Multiple of the estimated measuring uncertainty. These findings complicate direct application of the Mg content in calcite for use as an accurate thermometer. The purpose of the Study presented in the second part of the paper is to explore the significance of these systematic variations of Mg composition of calcite to aid the interpretation of contact metamorphic temperatures recorded in carbonates. We developed forward models to evaluate the effect of growth Zoning, Volume diffusion, and the formation of submicroscopic exsolution lamellae (<1 mu m) on the measured Mg distribution in individual calcite crystals and compared the modeling results to the field data. Modeled Mg distributions were transformed into histograms by taking into account intersection probabilities and random microprobe analyses. Modeling results reveal that the original prograde Mg zoning in calcite crystal will be reset if the calcite crystal is assumed to grow slowly along a prograde path. Original low-Mg compositions can only be preserved if the entire grain forms over a small temperature interval, as can be expected for infiltration-driven mineral reactions. It is shown that all three mechanisms combined give an adequate model for the Mg-content data. We demonstrate that Mg distributions in calcite grains of the Ubehebe Peak contact aureole are the consequence of rapid crystal growth in combination with diffusion and exsolution. C1 [Mueller, Thomas; Baumgartner, Lukas P.] Univ Lausanne, Inst Mineral & Geochem, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Foster, C. Tom, Jr.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Roselle, Gregory T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Muller, T (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral Geol & Geophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM Thomas.H.Mueller@rub.de RI Muller, Thomas/A-9231-2008 OI Muller, Thomas/0000-0002-1045-2110 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [2100-066996] FX This study is part of the first author's Ph.D. thesis. Financial support Was Provided by grant 2100-066996 from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Comments and discussions with J.R. Bowman. M. Cosca, T.W. Vennemann, and D. Trail on earlier versions helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. We thank Ted Labotka and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful and constructive comments as well as M. Gottschalk for the editorial handling. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8-9 BP 1245 EP 1259 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2617 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 339PI UT WOS:000258589100004 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Boatner, LA Salje, EKH Honda, S Ewing, RC AF Zhang, Ming Boatner, Lynn A. Salje, Ekhard K. H. Honda, S. Ewing, Rodney C. TI Pb+ irradiation of synthetic zircon (ZrSiO4): Infrared spectroscopic investigation SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE infrared spectrum; zircon; irradiation; lead silicate; Pb; amorphization; OH species ID EXPERIMENTAL HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; METAMICT ZIRCON; WEAPONS PLUTONIUM; NUCLEAR-WASTE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; CERAMICS; TITANITE; PHASE AB The structural variations of synthetic zircon (ZrSiO4) single crystals irradiated at room temperature by 280 keV Pb+ ions (with fluences up to 1 x 10(15) ions/cm(2)) were investigated using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Like metamict zircon whose crystal structure is damaged and amorphized by naturally occurring (x-decay events, the Pb+-irradiated zircon crystals show a dramatic decrease in reflectivity. However, no significant decrease in wavenumbers of the stretching vibrations of SiO4 tetrahedra in zircon was detected. The Pb+-implanted zircon exhibits new IR bands, indicating irradiation-induced new vibrations or domains, clusters or phases in addition to SiO2 and ZrO2. IR features consistent with those of Pb silicates (with a divalent state, i.e., Pb2+) are also found in the irradiated sample. This finding implies that some of the radiogenic Pb in natural zircon might not actually reside in the zircon lattice or in ZrSiO4 phases, but form new local domains or clusters. Infrared bands of OH-stretching vibrations were also detected in the irradiated synthetic zircon, which was originally free from OH features prior to the irradiation. These results indicate that H can easily diffuse into the irradiated layer or into irradiated-induced phases to form OH or and hydrous species after the irradiated material is damaged. The type and content of hydrous species vary with irradiation fluences. C1 [Zhang, Ming; Salje, Ekhard K. H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Boatner, Lynn A.; Honda, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ewing, Rodney C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zhang, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM mz10001@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Zhang, Ming/A-4773-2013; Salje, Ekhard/M-2931-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Salje, Ekhard/0000-0002-8781-6154; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 FU British Nuclear Fuel (BNFL); Cambridge-MIT Institute (CMI) FX Financial funding from the British Nuclear Fuel (BNFL) and the Cambridge-MIT Institute (CMI) is gratefully acknowledged. The research at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory., managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. R.C.E. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Office of Basic Energy Science of the U.S. Department of-Energy, through grant no. DF-FG02-97ER45656. The manuscript benefited significantly from reviews by Thorsten Geisler and Ray Frost, and comments from the associate editor, Paul Hoskin. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8-9 BP 1418 EP 1423 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2733 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 339PI UT WOS:000258589100023 ER PT J AU Antao, SM Hassan, I AF Antao, Sytle M. Hassan, Ishmael TI Unusual Al-Si ordering in calcic scapolite, Me(79.6), with increasing temperature SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE scapolite; high-temperature crystal structures; Al-Si ordering ID RIETVELD STRUCTURE-REFINEMENT; SATRAS NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SI-29 MAS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; PHASE-TRANSITION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIA; MARIALITE; DISORDER; MEIONITE AB A scapolite sample, Me(79.6), from Slyudyanka, Siberia, Russia, has been studied using in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld structure refinements on heating from 26 to 900 degrees C and on cooling to about 300 degrees C. The structure was modeled and refined in space group I4/m. An accurate room-temperature structure was also obtained by using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data and Rietveld structure refinement. From HRPXRD, the cell parameters are a = 12.16711(2), c = 7.575466(5) angstrom, and V = 1121.461(3) angstrom(3); < T1-O > and < T2-O > are 1,643(1) and 1.672(1), respectively, so the T1 (Al(0.25)Si(0.75)) and T2 (Al(0.46)Si(0.54)) sites are partially ordered at room temperature. On heating, the < T-O > distances indicate that the T1 and T2 sites become more Si- and Al-rich, respectively, and therefore, ordering increases unusually with increasing temperature. This increase in Al-Si ordering occurs from 892 to 900 degrees C. At 900 degrees C, the T1 site becomes fully ordered with only Si atoms, while the T2 site contains Al(0.51)Si(0.49) and therefore, is fully disordered. On cooling, the sample does not fully revert back to the original partially ordered state. At 300 degrees C, all the cell parameters are smaller because of the increased Al-Si ordering that is quenched in. C1 [Antao, Sytle M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hassan, Ishmael] Univ W Indies, Dept Chem, Jamaica, NY USA. RP Antao, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sytle.antao@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor, L. Galoisy, for providing useful comments. P.L. Lee is thanked for his help with the 1-BM experiment. We thank D.M. Shaw for providing the scapolite sample. XRD data were collected at the X-ray Operations and Research beamline 1-BM and 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source,Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8-9 BP 1470 EP 1477 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2789 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 339PI UT WOS:000258589100029 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Hixson, KK Tolic, N Camp, DG Purvine, SO Moore, RJ Smith, RD AF Shen, Yufeng Hixson, Kim K. Tolic, Nikola Camp, David G. Purvine, Samuel O. Moore, Ronald J. Smith, Richard D. TI Mass spectrometry analysis of proteome-wide proteolytic post-translational degradation of proteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; CLASS-I; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; 20S PROTEASOME; YEAST PROTEOME; BUDDING YEAST; UBIQUITIN; NUCLEAR AB Protein proteolytic degradation is an essential component to proper cell function and its life cycle. Here, we study the protein degradation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on a proteome-wide scale by detection of the intermediate peptides produced from the intracellular degradation of proteins using sequencing-based tandem mass spectrometry. By tracing the detected similar to 1100 peptides and their similar to 200 protein-substrate origins we obtain evidence for new insights into the proteome-wide protein-selective degradation in yeast cells. This evidence shows that the yeast cytoplasm is the largest pool for the degradation of proteins with both biochemical and geometric specificities, whereas the yeast nucleus seems to be a proteolysis-inert organelle tinder the condition studied. Yeast V-ATPase subunits appear to be degraded during their disassembly, and yeast mitochondrial proteins functioning as precursors, transport carriers, and gates are preferentially degraded. Ubiquitylation may be unnecessary for the proteasomal degradation of yeast cytoplasmic regulatory and enzyme proteins according to our observations. This study shows that the intracellular peptides are informational targets for directly probing the protein degradation-involved molecular mechanisms and cell biology processes. C1 [Shen, Yufeng; Camp, David G.; Moore, Ronald J.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hixson, Kim K.; Tolic, Nikola; Purvine, Samuel O.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shen, YF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yufeng.shen@pnl.gov; dick.smith@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522-06, RR18522, P41 RR018522] NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 15 BP 5819 EP 5828 DI 10.1021/ac800077w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332PX UT WOS:000258096700027 PM 18578501 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Clowers, BH Prior, DC Danielson, WF Liyu, AV Petritis, BO Smith, RD AF Belov, Mikhail E. Clowers, Brian H. Prior, David C. Danielson, William F., III Liyu, Andrei V. Petritis, Brianne O. Smith, Richard D. TI Dynamically multiplexed ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; ACCURATE MASS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRAP INTERFACE; FUNNEL TRAP; DRIFT-TUBE; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY; PEPTIDES; PRESSURE AB Ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IMS-TOFMS) has been increasingly used in analysis of complex biological samples. A major challenge is to transform IMS-TOFMS to a high-sensitivity, high-throughput platform, for example, for proteomics applications. In this work, we have developed and integrated three advanced technologies, including efficient ion accumulation in an ion funnel trap prior to IMS separation, multiplexing (MP) of ion packet introduction into the IMS drift tube, and signal detection with an analog-to-digital converter, into the IMS-TOFMS system for the high-throughput analysis of highly complex proteolytic digests of, for example, blood plasma. To better address variable sample complexity, we have developed and rigorously evaluated a novel dynamic MP approach that ensures correlation of the analyzer performance with an ion source function and provides the improved dynamic range and sensitivity throughout the experiment. The MP IMS-TOFMS instrument has been shown to reliably detect peptides at a concentration of 1 nM in the presence of a highly complex matrix, as well as to provide a 3 orders of magnitude dynamic range and a mass measurement accuracy of better than 5 ppm. When matched against human blood plasma database, the detected IMS-TOF features were found to yield similar to 700 unique peptide identifications at a false discovery rate (FDR) of similar to 7.5%. Accounting for IMS information gave rise to a projected FDR of similar to 4%. Signal reproducibility was found to be greater than 80%, while the variations in the number of unique peptide identifications were < 15%. A single sample analysis was completed in 15 min that constitutes almost 1 order of magnitude improvement compared to a more conventional LC-MS approach. C1 [Belov, Mikhail E.; Clowers, Brian H.; Prior, David C.; Danielson, William F., III; Liyu, Andrei V.; Petritis, Brianne O.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Belov, ME (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mikhail.belov@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA126191, R21 CA126191-01, R21 CA12619101, R33 CA126191, R33 CA126191-02]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522-06, P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, RR18522] NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 15 BP 5873 EP 5883 DI 10.1021/ac8003665 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332PX UT WOS:000258096700033 PM 18582088 ER PT J AU Ghosal, S Fallon, SJ Leighton, TJ Wheeler, KE Kristo, MJ Nutcheon, ID Weber, PK AF Ghosal, Sutapa Fallon, Stewart J. Leighton, Terrance J. Wheeler, Katherine E. Kristo, Michael J. Nutcheon, Ian D. Weber, Peter K. TI Imaging and 3D elemental characterization of intact bacterial spores by high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS SPORES; CELLS; SIMS AB We present a quantitative, imaging technique based on nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry for mapping the 3D elemental distribution present in an individual micrometer-sized Bacillus spore. We use depth profile analysis to access the 3D compositional information of an intact spore without the additional sample preparation steps (fixation, embedding, and sectioning) typically used to access substructural information in biological samples. The method is designed to ensure sample integrity for forensic characterization of Bacillus spores. The minimal sample preparation/alteration required in this methodology helps to preserve sample integrity. Furthermore, the technique affords elemental distribution information at the individual spore level with nanometer-scale spatial resolution and high (mu g/g) analytical sensitivity. We use the technique to map the 3D elemental distribution present within Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis spores. C1 [Ghosal, Sutapa; Fallon, Stewart J.; Kristo, Michael J.; Nutcheon, Ian D.; Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Leighton, Terrance J.; Wheeler, Katherine E.] Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Ghosal, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ghosal2@llnl.gov RI Ghosal, Sandip/B-7595-2009; Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 15 BP 5986 EP 5992 DI 10.1021/ac8006279 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332PX UT WOS:000258096700048 PM 18578543 ER PT J AU Ziegler, SL Bushaw, BA AF Ziegler, Summer L. Bushaw, Bruce A. TI Ultratrace uranium fingerprinting with isotope selective laser ionization spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRIPLE-RESONANCE AUTOIONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; U-236 AB Uranium isotope ratios can provide source information for tracking uranium contamination in a variety of fields, ranging from occupational bioassay to monitoring aftereffects of nuclear accidents. We describe the development of isotope selective laser ionization spectrometry for ultratrace measurement of the minor isotopes U-234, U-235, and U-236 with respect to U-238. The inherent isotopic selectivity of three-step excitation with single-mode continuous wave lasers results in measurement of the minor isotopes at relative abundances below 1 ppm and is not limited by isobaric interferences such as (UH+)-U-235 during measurement of U-236. Ibis relative abundance limit is attained without mass spectrometric analysis of the laser-created ions. Uranyl nitrate standards from an international blind comparison were used to test analytical performance for different isotopic compositions and with quantities ranging from 11 ng to 10 mu g total uranium. Isotopic ratio determination was demonstrated over a linear dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude with a few percent relative precision and detection limits below 500 fg for the minor isotopes. C1 [Ziegler, Summer L.; Bushaw, Bruce A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ziegler, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Summer.Ziegler@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 15 BP 6029 EP 6033 DI 10.1021/ac800764j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332PX UT WOS:000258096700055 PM 18613650 ER PT J AU Paik, SY Zalk, DM Swuste, P AF Paik, Samuel Y. Zalk, David M. Swuste, Paul TI Application of a pilot control banding tool for risk level assessment and control of nanoparticle exposures SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE CB Nanotool; control banding; exposure control; nanomaterial; nanoparticle; nanotechnology; risk assessment; risk level; toolkit ID LUNG INJURY; PARTICLES; HEALTH AB Control banding (CB) strategies offer simplified solutions for controlling worker exposures to constituents that are found in the workplace in the absence of firm toxicological and exposure data. These strategies may be particularly useful in nanotechnology applications, considering the overwhelming level of uncertainty over what nanomaterials and nanotechnologies present as potential work-related health risks, what about these materials might lead to adverse toxicological activity, how risk related to these might be assessed and how to manage these issues in the absence of this information. This study introduces a pilot CB tool or 'CB Nanotool' that was developed specifically for characterizing the health aspects of working with engineered nanoparticles and determining the level of risk and associated controls for five ongoing nanotechnology-related operations being conducted at two Department of Energy research laboratories. Based on the application of the CB Nanotool, four of the five operations evaluated in this study were found to have implemented controls consistent with what was recommended by the CB Nanotool, with one operation even exceeding the required controls for that activity. The one remaining operation was determined to require an upgrade in controls. By developing this dynamic CB Nanotool within the realm of the scientific information available, this application of CB appears to be a useful approach for assessing the risk of nanomaterial operations, providing recommendations for appropriate engineering controls and facilitating the allocation of resources to the activities that most need them. C1 [Paik, Samuel Y.; Zalk, David M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Swuste, Paul] Delft Univ Technol, Safety Sci Grp, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Zalk, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-871, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zalk1@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 IS 6 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1093/annhyg/men041 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 335XV UT WOS:000258329800002 PM 18632731 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Parker, KE Powers, L Whyatt, GA Clayton, LN Mattigod, SV Wood, MI AF Wellman, Dawn M. Parker, Kent E. Powers, Laura Whyatt, Greg A. Clayton, Libby N. Mattigod, Shas V. Wood, Marcus I. TI Effect of iron and carbonation on the diffusion of iodine and rhenium in waste encasement concrete and soil fill material under hydraulically unsaturated conditions SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEMENT-BASED MATERIAL; INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; RELEASE; STORAGE; MATRIX AB Assessing long-term performance of Category 3 cement wasteforms and accurate prediction for radionuclide encasement requires knowledge of the radionuclide-cement interactions and mechanisms of retention (i.e. sorption or precipitation). A set of sediment-concrete half-cell diffusion experiments was conducted under unsaturated conditions (4% and 7% by weight moisture content) using carbonated and non-carbonated concrete-soil half cells. Results indicate the behavior of Re and I release was comparable within a given half-cell test. Diffusivity in soil is a function of moisture content; a 3% increase in moisture content affords a one to two order of magnitude increase in diffusivity. Release of I and Re was 1-3 orders of magnitude less from non-carbonated, relative to carbonated, concrete monoliths. Inclusion of Fe in non-carbonate monoliths resulted in the lowest concrete diffusivity values for both I and Re. This suggests that in the presence of Fe, I and Re are converted to reduced species, which are less soluble and better retained within the concrete monolith. The release of I and Re was greatest from Fe-bearing, carbonated concrete monoliths, Suggesting carbonation negates the effect of Fe on the retention of I and Re within concrete monoliths. This is likely due to enhanced formation of microcracks in the presence of Fe, which provide preferential paths for contaminant migration. Although the release of I and Re were greatest from carbonated concrete monoliths containing Fe, the migration of I and Re within a given half cell is dependent on the moisture content, soil diffusivity, and diffusing species. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wellman, Dawn M.; Parker, Kent E.; Whyatt, Greg A.; Mattigod, Shas V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Powers, Laura] Wiss Janney Elstner & Associates Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. [Clayton, Libby N.] BP Explorat Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99519 USA. [Wood, Marcus I.] 2420 Stevens Ctr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov FU Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by Fluor Hanford and conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We greatly appreciate the assistance of L.E. Kathmann in preparation of this manuscript. The assistance of E.T. Clayton conducting ICP-MS analyses is greatly appreciated. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2256 EP 2271 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.002 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 347WI UT WOS:000259171700021 ER PT J AU Cetiner, ZS Xiong, YL AF Cetiner, Ziya S. Xiong, Yongliang TI Chemical controls on the solubility, speciation and mobility of lanthanum at near surface conditions: A geochemical modeling study SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SOLUTE PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CHLORIDE-IONS; COMPLEXES; OXALATE AB Recent experimental determinations of the solubility products of common rare earth minerals Such as monazite and xenotime and stability constants for chloride, sulfate, carbonate and hydroxide complexes provide a basis to model quantitatively the solubility, and therefore the mobility, of rare earth elements (REE) at near surface conditions. Data on the mobility of REE and stabilities of REE complexes at near-neutral conditions are of importance to safe nuclear waste disposal, and environmental monitoring. The aim of this study is to understand REE speciation and Solubility of a given REE in natural environments. In this study, a series of formation constants for La aqueous complexes are recommended by using the specific interaction theory (SIT) for extrapolation to infinite dilution. Then, a thermodynamic model has been employed for calculation of the solubility and speciation of La in soil solutions reacted with the La end-member of mineral monazite (LaPO(4)), and other La-bearing solid phases including amorphous lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3, am) and different La carbonates, as a function of various inorganic and organic ligand concentrations. Calculations were carried out at near-neutral pH (pH 5.5-8.5) and 25 degrees C at atmospheric CO(2) partial pressure. The model takes account of the species : La(3+), LACl(2+), LaCl(2)(+), LaCl(3)(0), LaCl(4)(-), LaSO(4)(+), La(SO(4))(2)(-), LaCO(3)(+), La(CO(3))(2)(-), LaHCO(3)(2+), La(OH)(2+), LaOx(+), La(Ox)(2)(-), LaAc(2+) and La(Ac)(2)(-) (where Ox(2-) = oxalate and Ac(-) = acetate). The calculations indicate that the La species that dominate at pH 5.5-8.5 in the baseline model soil solution (BMSS) include La(3+), Laox(+), LaSO(4)(+), LaCO(3)(+) and La(CO(3))(2)(-) in order of increasing importance as pH rises. The Solubility ofnionazite in the BMSS remains less than similar to 3 x 10(-9) M, exhibiting a minimum of similar to 2 x 10(-1)2 M at pH 7.5. The calculations quantitatively demonstrate that the concentrations of La controlled by the solubility of other La-bearing solid phases are many orders of magnitude higher than those controlled by monazite in the pH range from 5.5 to 8.5, suggesting that monazite is likely to be the Solubility-controlling phase at this pH range. The calculations also suggest that significant mobility of La (and other REE) is unlikely because high water-rock ratios on the order of at least 104 (mass ratio) are required to move 50% of the La from a soil. An increase in concentration of oxalate by one order of magnitude from that of the baseline model solution results in the dominance of LaOx(+) at pH 5.5-7.5. Similarly, the increase in concentration of SO(4)(2-) by one order of magnitude makes LaSO(4)(+) the dominant species at pH 5.5-7.5. Above pH 7.5, carbonate complexes are important. The increase in oxalate or SO(4)(2-) concentrations by one order of magnitude can enhance the solubility of monazite by a factor of up to about 6 below neutral pH, in comparison with that in the baseline model soil solution. From pH 7.0 to 8.5, the solubility of monazite in the soil solutions with higher concentrations of oxalate or SO(4)(2-) is similar, or almost identical, to that in the BMSS. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cetiner, Ziya S.] Canakkale Onsekiz Mort Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. [Xiong, Yongliang] Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Cetiner, ZS (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mort Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. EM ziyac@comu.edu.tr; yxiong@sandia.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2301 EP 2315 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.014 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 347WI UT WOS:000259171700025 ER PT J AU Theocharous, E Engtrakul, C Dillon, AC Lehman, J AF Theocharous, E. Engtrakul, C. Dillon, A. C. Lehman, J. TI Infrared responsivity of a pyroelectric detector with a single-wall carbon nanotube coating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LINEARITY MEASUREMENTS; BLACK COATINGS; ABSOLUTE; SCALE; NPL AB The performance of a 10 mm diameter pyroelectric detector coated with a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was evaluated in the 0.8 to 20 mu m wavelength range. The relative spectral responsivity of this detector exhibits significant fluctuations over the wavelength range examined. This is consistent with independent absorbance measurements, which show that SWCNTs exhibit selective absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared. The performance of the detector in terms of noise equivalent power and detectivity in wavelength regions of high coating absorptivity was comparable with gold-black-coated pyroelectric detectors based on 50 mu m thick LiTaO3 crystals. The response of this detector was shown to be nonlinear for DC equivalent photocurrents >10(-9) A, and its spatial uniformity of response was comparable with other pyroelectric detectors utilizing gold-black coatings. The nonuniform spectral responsivity exhibited by the SWCNT-coated detector is expected to severely restrict the use of SWCNTs as black coatings for thermal detectors. However, the deposition of SWCNT coatings on a pyroelectric crystal followed by the study of the prominence of the spectral features in the relative spectral responsivity of the resultant pyroelectric detectors is shown to provide an effective method for quantifying the impurity content in SWCNT samples. C1 [Theocharous, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Opt Technol Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Engtrakul, C.; Dillon, A. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Carbon Nanosci Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lehman, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Theocharous, E (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Opt Technol Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM e.theo@npl.co.uk RI Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011 FU National Measurement System Programmes Unit of the United Kingdom Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Measurement System Programmes Unit of the United Kingdom Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 22 BP 3999 EP 4003 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003999 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347CT UT WOS:000259118900020 PM 18670553 ER PT J AU Chesnel, K Turner, JJ Pfeifer, M Kevan, SD AF Chesnel, Karine Turner, Joshua J. Pfeifer, Mark Kevan, Stephen D. TI Probing complex materials with coherent soft X-rays SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2007 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP BESSY, Tech Univ Berlin, Free Univ Berlin, Humboldt Univ Berlin, Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, PTB ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; RADIATION; DYNAMICS AB We motivate the use of coherent soft X-ray beams to study materials that exhibit complex nanoscale behaviors. A new beamline and magnetic scattering end station that has been constructed and commissioned at the ALS will be described. Finally, we present some initial results that indicate the performance of the beamline. C1 [Turner, Joshua J.; Pfeifer, Mark; Kevan, Stephen D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Chesnel, Karine; Pfeifer, Mark] LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kevan, SD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM kevan@uoregon.edu RI Pfeifer, Mark/C-4132-2011; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010 OI Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s00339-008-4558-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 330AP UT WOS:000257912000003 ER PT J AU Hitchcock, AP Johansson, GA Mitchell, GE Keefe, MH Tyliszcak, T AF Hitchcock, A. P. Johansson, G. A. Mitchell, G. E. Keefe, M. H. Tyliszcak, T. TI 3-d chemical imaging using angle-scan nanotomography in a soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2007 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP BESSY, Tech Univ Berlin, Free Univ Berlin, Humboldt Univ Berlin, Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, PTB ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; TOMOGRAPHY AB Three-dimensional chemical mapping using angle scan nanotomography in a soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) has been used to investigate the spatial distributions of a low density polyacrylate polyelectrolyte ionomer inside submicron sized polystyrene microspheres. Acquisition of tomograms at multiple photon energies provides true, quantifiable 3-d chemical sensitivity. Both pre-O 1s and C 1s results are shown. The study reveals aspects of the 3-d distribution of the polyelectrolyte that were inferred indirectly or had not been known prior to this study. The potential and challenges for extension of the technique to studies of other polymeric and to biological systems is discussed. C1 [Hitchcock, A. P.; Johansson, G. A.] McMaster, BIMR, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Mitchell, G. E.] Analyt Sci Dow Chem, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Keefe, M. H.] Dow Chem, Dow Latex, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Tyliszcak, T.] LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hitchcock, AP (reprint author), McMaster, BIMR, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM aph@mcmaster.ca NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s00339-008-4588-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 330AP UT WOS:000257912000005 ER PT J AU Kokorowski, HD Anderson, PM Sletten, RS Lozhkin, AV Brown, TA AF Kokorowski, H. D. Anderson, P. M. Sletten, R. S. Lozhkin, A. V. Brown, T. A. TI Late Glacial and Early Holocene climatic changes based on a multiproxy lacustrine sediment record from Northeast Siberia SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; BIOGENIC OPAL; POLLEN; BERINGIA; VEGETATION; PACIFIC; RUSSIA; MODEL AB Palynological (species assemblage, pollen accumulation rate), geochemical (carbon to nitrogen ratios, organic carbon and biogenic silica content), and sedimentological (particle size, magnetic susceptibility) data combined with improved chronology and greater sampling resolution from a new core from Elikchan 4 Lake provide a stronger basis for defining paleoenvironmental changes than was previously possible. Persistence of herb-dominated tundra, slow expansion of Betula and Alnus shrubs, and low percentages of organic carbon and biogenic silica suggest that the Late-Glacial transition (ca. 16,000-11,000 cal. yr BP) was a period of gradual rather than abrupt vegetation and climatic change. Consistency of all Late-Glacial data indicates no Younger Dryas climatic oscillation. A dramatic peak in pollen accumulation rates (ca. 11,000-9800 cal. yr BP) suggests a possible summer temperature optimum, but finer grain sizes, low magnetic susceptibility, and greater organic carbon and biogenic silica, while showing significant warming at ca. 11,000 cal. yr BP, offer no evidence of a Holocene thermal maximum. When compared to trends in other paleo-records, the new Elikchan data underscore the apparent spatial complexity of climatic responses in Northeast Siberia to global forcings between ca. 16,000 and 9000 cal. yr BP. C1 [Kokorowski, H. D.; Anderson, P. M.; Sletten, R. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kokorowski, H. D.; Anderson, P. M.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lozhkin, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, NE Interdisciplinary Res Inst, Far E Branch, Magadan 685000, Russia. [Brown, T. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kokorowski, HD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hkokorowski@gmail.com; pata@u.washington.edu; sletten@u.washington.edu; lozhkin@neisri.ru; tabrown@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-00-117406]; Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research [06-05-64129]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM-00-117406) and the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (Grant 06-05-64129). The authors would like to thank Pavel Minyuk and Vladimir Borkhodoev of the North East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Magadan, and Linda Brubaker, Alecia Spooner, and Philip Higuera at the University of Washington for their help in this study. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(07-036)[KOKOROWSKI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 344ZZ UT WOS:000258967100006 ER PT J AU Schmidt, SK Sobieniak-Wiseman, LC Kageyama, SA Halloy, SRP Schadt, CW AF Schmidt, S. K. Sobieniak-Wiseman, L. C. Kageyama, S. A. Halloy, S. R. P. Schadt, C. W. TI Mycorrhizal and dark-septate fungi in plant roots above 4270 meters elevation in the Andes and Rocky Mountains SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPINE TUNDRA; RANUNCULUS-ADONEUS; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; COMMUNITIES; ISLAND; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; SOIL; COLONIZATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark-septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were quantified in plant roots from high-elevation sites in the Cordillera Vilcanota of the Andes (Peru) and the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.). At the highest sites in the Andes (5391 m) AM fungi were absent in the two species of plants sampled (both Compositae) but roots of both were heavily colonized by DSE fungi. At slightly lower elevations (5240-5250 m) AM fungi were present in roots while DSE fungi were rare in plants outside of the composite family. At the highest sites sampled in Colorado (4300 m) AM fungi were present, but at very low levels and all plants sampled contained DSE fungi. Hyphae of coarse AM fungi decreased significantly in plant roots at higher altitude in Colorado, but no other structures showed significant decreases with altitude. These new findings indicate that the altitudinal distribution of mycorrhizal fungi observed for European mountains do not necessarily apply to higher and drier mountains that cover much of the Earth (e.g. the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, Andes, and Rockies) where plant growth is more limited by nutrients and water than in European mountains. This paper describes the highest altitudinal records for both AM and DSE fungi, surpassing previous reported altitudinal maxima by about 1500 meters. C1 [Schmidt, S. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kageyama, S. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Halloy, S. R. P.] Univ Mayor San Andres, Inst Ecol, La Paz, Bolivia. [Schadt, C. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schmidt, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM steve.schmidt@colorado.edu RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008 OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0455606, DEB-0426116]; National Geographic Society [7535-03] FX We are grateful to A. Tupayachi-Herrera and W. Bowman for help with plant identifications, and A. King, R. Sanford. A. Meyer, D. Nemergut, A. Seimon, and P. Sowell for assistance in the Field and lab. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0455606, DEB-0426116) and the National Geographic Society (#7535-03). NR 50 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 30 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(07-068)[SCHMIDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 344ZZ UT WOS:000258967100013 ER PT J AU Roth, K Quartararo, L Brodrick, J AF Roth, Kurt Quartararo, Louis Brodrick, James TI Wireless for controls: An update SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Roth, Kurt; Quartararo, Louis] TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 8 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 337FR UT WOS:000258421400016 ER PT J AU Perez, MR McCollum, B van den Ancker, ME Joner, MD AF Perez, M. R. McCollum, B. van den Ancker, M. E. Joner, M. D. TI The enigmatic young object: Walker 90/V590 Monocerotis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : pre-main sequence; stars : evolution; stars : emission-line, Be; stars : planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; EMISSION-LINE STARS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; CLUSTER NGC 2264; H-ALPHA-EMISSION; UX ORIONIS; PMS STARS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION AB Aims. We assess the evolutionary status of the intriguing object Walker 90/V590 Mon, which is located about 20 arcmin northwest of the Cone Nebula near the center of the open cluster NGC 2264. This object, according to its most recent optical spectral type determination (B7), which we confirmed, is at least 3 mag too faint in V for the cluster distance, but it shows the classical signs of a young pre-main sequence object, such as highly variable H alpha emission, Mg II emission, IR excess, UV continuum, and optical variability. Methods. We analyzed a collection of archival and original data on Walker 90, covering 45 years including photometry, imaging, and spectroscopic data ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Results. According to star formation processes, it is expected that, as this object clears its primordial surroundings, it should become optically brighter, show a weakening of its IR excess and present decreasing line emissions. This behavior is supported by our observations and analysis, but timescales are expected to be longer than the one observed here. Based on photometric data secured in 2007, we find Walker 90 at its brightest recorded optical magnitude ((12.47) over bar +/- 0.06). We document an evolution in spectral type over the past five decades (from A2/A3 to currently B7 and as early as B4), along with a decrease in the near-infrared K fluxes. From near-infrared VISIR images secured in 2004, Walker 90 appears as a point source placing an upper limit of < 0.1 '' for its diameter. Evidence of turbulent inflows is found in rapidly changing inverse P-Cygni profiles in the lower Balmer lines, with a broadening of +/- 400 km s(-1) in Ha and a redshifted component in H beta with a terminal velocity of similar to 600 km s(-1). The measured steep UV continuum fluxes (mimicking a star as early as B4), added to a tentative identification of N V emission, suggest a strong non-photospheric component, typically of fluxes arising from a thermally inhomogeneous accretion disk. We detect a well defined 2200 angstrom bump, indicative of dense material in the line-of-sight. We conclude that many observational features are explained if W90 is a flared disk system, surrounded by an inclined optically thick accretion disk. C1 [Perez, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McCollum, B.] CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [van den Ancker, M. E.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Joner, M. D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Perez, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,ISR-1,MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mperez@lanl.gov; mccollum@ipac.caltech.edu; mvandena@eso.org; jonerm@forty-two.byu.edu NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 2 BP 533 EP U97 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809933 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324XD UT WOS:000257551800024 ER PT J AU Lichti, GG Bottacini, E Ajello, M Charlot, P Collmar, W Falcone, A Horan, D Huber, S von Kienlin, A Lahteenmaki, A Lindfors, E Morris, D Nilsson, K Petry, D Ruger, M Sillanpaa, A Spanier, F Tornikoski, M AF Lichti, G. G. Bottacini, E. Ajello, M. Charlot, P. Collmar, W. Falcone, A. Horan, D. Huber, S. von Kienlin, A. Lahteenmaki, A. Lindfors, E. Morris, D. Nilsson, K. Petry, D. Rueger, M. Sillanpaa, A. Spanier, F. Tornikoski, M. TI INTEGRAL observations of the blazar Mrk 421 in outburst - Results of a multi-wavelength campaign SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; galaxies : active; galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : individual : Mrk 421 ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; TEV ENERGY-SPECTRUM; SIMULTANEOUS X-RAY; LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAYS; XMM-NEWTON; CORRELATED VARIABILITY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION AB Context. If one wants to understand the physics of blazars, better simultaneous observations are important at all wavelengths, so it was fortunate that a ToO observation of the TeV-emitting blazar Mrk 421 with INTEGRAL could be triggered in June 2006 by an increase in the RXTE count rate to more than 30 mCrab. The source was then observed with all INTEGRAL instruments, with the exception of the spectrometer SPI, for a total exposure of 829 ks. During this time several outbursts were observed by IBIS and JEM-X. Multiwavelength observations were immediately triggered, and the source was observed at radio, optical, and X-ray wavelengths up to TeV energies. Aims. The data obtained during these observations were analysed with respect to time variability, time lags, correlated variability, and spectral evolution and then compiled in a nu F-nu spectrum. Methods. The observations of the different instruments/telescopes were analysed with the usual correlation and time-analysis methods. The spectral analysis of the X-ray data was performed with XSPEC. Results. Four strong flares at X-rays were observed that were not seen at other wavelengths ( partially because of missing data). From the fastest rise in the X-rays, an upper limit could be derived to the extension of the emission region. A time lag between high-energy and low-energy X-rays was observed, which allowed an estimation of the magnetic-field strength. The spectral analysis of the X-rays revealed a slight spectral hardening of the low-energy (3-similar to 43 keV) spectral index. The hardness-ratio analysis of the Swift-XRT (0.2-10 keV) data indicated a small correlation with the intensity; i.e., a hard-to-soft evolution was observed. At the energies of IBIS/ISGRI (20-150 keV), such correlations are less obvious. A multiwavelength spectrum was composed and the X-ray luminosities were calculated. Conclusions. The observed flaring activity of Mrk 421 is mainly visible at X-rays. It is found that the spectral change with intensity is small. But at least one flare showed a completely different spectral behaviour than the other flares, so one can conclude that each blob of relativistic-moving electrons has its own individual physical environment that leads to different emission characteristics. From a fit of a leptonic emission model to the data, one finds that the observed variability may be due to a varying efficiency of particle acceleration. C1 [Lichti, G. G.; Bottacini, E.; Ajello, M.; Collmar, W.; von Kienlin, A.; Petry, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Charlot, P.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Falcone, A.; Morris, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL USA. [Huber, S.; Rueger, M.; Spanier, F.] Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Astron, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Lahteenmaki, A.; Lindfors, E.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland. [Lindfors, E.; Nilsson, K.; Sillanpaa, A.] Tuorla Observ, Piikkio 21500, Finland. RP Lichti, GG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM grl@mpe.mpg.de RI Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; OI Spanier, Felix/0000-0001-6802-4744 NR 84 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 3 BP 721 EP 734 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079199 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XF UT WOS:000258326500013 ER PT J AU Bradley, JP Ishii, HA AF Bradley, J. P. Ishii, H. A. TI Comment on "The shape and composition of interstellar silicate grains" SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE astrochemistry; solar system : general; ISM : dust; extinction ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; EMBEDDED METAL; SOLAR-SYSTEM; SULFIDES; GLASS; IRRADIATION; MINERALOGY; EVOLUTION; NANOSIMS; SAMPLES C1 [Bradley, J. P.; Ishii, H. A.] Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bradley, JP (reprint author), Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bradley33@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 3 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078710 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XF UT WOS:000258326500020 ER PT J AU Aharonian, F Akhperjanian, AG de Almeida, UB Bazer-Bachi, AR Behera, B Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bernlohr, K Boisson, C Borrel, V Braun, I Brion, E Brucker, J Buhler, R Bulik, T Busching, I Boutelier, T Carrigan, S Chadwick, PM Chaves, RCG Chounet, LM Clapson, AC Coignet, G Cornils, R Costamante, L Dalton, M Degrange, B Dickinson, HJ Djannati-Atai, A Domainko, W Drury, LO Dubois, F Dubus, G Dyks, J Egberts, K Emmanoulopoulos, D Espigat, P Farnier, C Feinstein, F Fiasson, A Forster, A Fontaine, G Funk, S Fussling, M Gabici, S Gallant, YA Giebels, B Glicenstein, JF Gluck, B Goret, P Hadjichristidis, C Hauser, D Hauser, M Heinzelmann, G Henri, G Hermann, G Hinton, JA Hoffmann, A Hofmann, W Holleran, M Hoppe, S Horns, D Jacholkowska, A de Jager, OC Jung, I Katarzynski, K Kaufmann, S Kendziorra, E Kerschhaggl, M Khangulyan, D Khelifi, B Keogh, D Komin, N Kosack, K Lamanna, G Latham, IJ Lemoine-Goumard, M Lenain, JP Lohse, T Martin, JM Martineau-Huynh, O Marcowith, A Masterson, C Maurin, D McComb, TJL Moderski, R Moulin, E Naumann-Godo, M de Naurois, M Nedbal, D Nekrassov, D Nolan, SJ Ohm, S Olive, JP Wilhelmi, ED Orford, KJ Osborne, JL Ostrowski, M Panter, M Pedaletti, G Pelletier, G Petrucci, PO Pita, S Puhlhofer, G Punch, M Quirrenbach, A Raubenheimer, BC Raue, M Rayner, SM Renaud, M Rieger, F Reimer, O Ripken, J Rob, L Rosier-Lees, S Rowell, G Rudak, B Ruppel, J Sahakian, V Santangelo, A Schlickeiser, R Schock, FM Schroder, R Schwanke, U Schwarzburg, S Schwemmer, S Shalchi, A Skilton, JL Sol, H Spangler, D Stawarz, L Steenkamp, R Stegmann, C Superina, G Tam, PH Tavernet, JP Terrier, R van Eldik, C Vasileiadis, G Venter, C Vialle, JP Vincent, P Vivier, M Volk, HJ Volpe, F Wagner, SJ Ward, M Zdziarski, AA Zech, A AF Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. G. de Almeida, U. Barres Bazer-Bachi, A. R. Behera, B. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Bernloehr, K. Boisson, C. Borrel, V. Braun, I. Brion, E. Brucker, J. Buehler, R. Bulik, T. Buesching, I. Boutelier, T. Carrigan, S. Chadwick, P. M. Chaves, R. C. G. Chounet, L. -M. Clapson, A. C. Coignet, G. Cornils, R. Costamante, L. Dalton, M. Degrange, B. Dickinson, H. J. Djannati-Atai, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. O'C. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Dyks, J. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Foerster, A. Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Fuessling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y. A. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. F. Glueck, B. Goret, P. Hadjichristidis, C. Hauser, D. Hauser, M. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hinton, J. A. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Holleran, M. Hoppe, S. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. de Jager, O. C. Jung, I. Katarzynski, K. Kaufmann, S. Kendziorra, E. Kerschhaggl, M. Khangulyan, D. Khelifi, B. Keogh, D. Komin, Nu. Kosack, K. Lamanna, G. Latham, I. J. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J. -P. Lohse, T. Martin, J. M. Martineau-Huynh, O. Marcowith, A. Masterson, C. Maurin, D. McComb, T. J. L. Moderski, R. Moulin, E. Naumann-Godo, M. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, D. Nolan, S. J. Ohm, S. Olive, J. -P. Wilhelmi, E. de Ona Orford, K. J. Osborne, J. L. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, G. Petrucci, P. -O. Pita, S. Puehlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Raubenheimer, B. C. Raue, M. Rayner, S. M. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Reimer, O. Ripken, J. Rob, L. Rosier-Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Ruppel, J. Sahakian, V. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schoeck, F. M. Schroeder, R. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Shalchi, A. Skilton, J. L. Sol, H. Spangler, D. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Superina, G. Tam, P. H. Tavernet, J. -P. Terrier, R. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Vialle, J. P. Vincent, P. Vivier, M. Voelk, H. J. Volpe, F. Wagner, S. J. Ward, M. Zdziarski, A. A. Zech, A. TI Chandra and HESS observations of the supernova remnant CTB 37B SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : supernova remnants; gamma rays : observations; X-rays : individuals : G348.7+0.3 ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; GALACTIC PLANE; RADIO PULSARS; INNER GALAXY; WIND NEBULA; COSMIC-RAYS; EMISSION; ORIGIN; SHOCKS; TEV AB We discovered the > 100 GeV gamma-ray source, HESS J1713-381, apparently associated with the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) CTB37B, using HESS in 2006. In 2007 we performed X-ray follow-up observations with Chandra with the aim of identifying a synchrotron counterpart to the TeV source and/or thermal emission from the SNR shell. These new Chandra data, together with additional TeV data, allow us to investigate the nature of this object in much greater detail than was previously possible. The new X-ray data reveal thermal emission from a similar to 4' region in close proximity to the radio shell of CTB37B. The temperature of this emission implies an age for the remnant of similar to 5000 years and an ambient gas density of similar to 0.5 cm(-3). Both these estimates are considerably uncertain due to the asymmetry of the SNR and possible modifications of the kinematics due to efficient cosmic ray (CR) acceleration. A bright (approximate to 7 x 10(-13) erg cm(-2) s(-1)) and unresolved (< 1 '') source (CXOUJ171405.7-381031), with a soft (Gamma approximate to 3.3) non-thermal spectrum is also detected in coincidence with the radio shell. Absorption indicates a column density consistent with the thermal emission from the shell, suggesting a genuine association rather than a chance alignment. The observed TeV morphology is consistent with an origin in the complete shell of CTB37B. The lack of diffuse non-thermal X-ray emission suggests an origin of the.-ray emission via the decay of neutral pions produced in interactions of protons and nuclei, rather than inverse Compton (IC) emission from relativistic electrons. C1 [Aharonian, F.; Benbow, W.; Bernloehr, K.; Braun, I.; Buehler, R.; Carrigan, S.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Clapson, A. C.; Costamante, L.; Domainko, W.; Egberts, K.; Foerster, A.; Hermann, G.; Hofmann, W.; Hoppe, S.; Khangulyan, D.; Kosack, K.; Nekrassov, D.; Ohm, S.; Panter, M.; Raue, M.; Renaud, M.; Rieger, F.; van Eldik, C.; Voelk, H. J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Akhperjanian, A. G.; Sahakian, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Bazer-Bachi, A. R.; Borrel, V.; Olive, J. -P.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31029 Toulouse, France. [Beilicke, M.; Cornils, R.; Heinzelmann, G.; Horns, D.; Ripken, J.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Bernloehr, K.; Dalton, M.; Fuessling, M.; Kerschhaggl, M.; Lohse, T.; Schwanke, U.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Boisson, C.; Lenain, J. -P.; Martin, J. M.; Sol, H.; Zech, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Brion, E.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Goret, P.; Moulin, E.; Vivier, M.] CE Saclay, CEA, IRFU DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [de Almeida, U. Barres; Chadwick, P. M.; Dickinson, H. J.; Hadjichristidis, C.; Keogh, D.; Latham, I. J.; McComb, T. J. L.; Nolan, S. J.; Orford, K. J.; Osborne, J. L.; Rayner, S. M.; Spangler, D.; Ward, M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Buesching, I.; Holleran, M.; de Jager, O. C.; Raubenheimer, B. C.; Venter, C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Chounet, L. -M.; Degrange, B.; Fontaine, G.; Giebels, B.; Khelifi, B.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Superina, G.; Volpe, F.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Coignet, G.; Dubois, F.; Lamanna, G.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Vialle, J. P.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Djannati-Atai, A.; Espigat, P.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; Pita, S.; Punch, M.; Terrier, R.] Univ Paris 07 Denis Diderot, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Djannati-Atai, A.; Espigat, P.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; Pita, S.; Punch, M.; Terrier, R.] Univ Paris 07, CEA, Observ Paris, CNRS,FranceUMR 7164, F-75221 Paris 05, France. [Aharonian, F.; Drury, L. O'C.; Gabici, S.; Masterson, C.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Behera, B.; Emmanoulopoulos, D.; Hauser, D.; Hauser, M.; Kaufmann, S.; Pedaletti, G.; Puehlhofer, G.; Quirrenbach, A.; Schwemmer, S.; Tam, P. H.; Wagner, S. J.] Univ Heidelberg, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Farnier, C.; Feinstein, F.; Fiasson, A.; Gallant, Y. A.; Jacholkowska, A.; Komin, Nu.; Marcowith, A.; Vasileiadis, G.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Brucker, J.; Glueck, B.; Jung, I.; Schoeck, F. M.; Stegmann, C.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Boutelier, T.; Dubus, G.; Henri, G.; Pelletier, G.; Petrucci, P. -O.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Hoffmann, A.; Kendziorra, E.; Santangelo, A.; Schwarzburg, S.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Martineau-Huynh, O.; Maurin, D.; de Naurois, M.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Vincent, P.] Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 5, France. [Nedbal, D.; Rob, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague 18000 8, Czech Republic. [Ruppel, J.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schroeder, R.; Shalchi, A.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Steenkamp, R.] Univ Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. [Ostrowski, M.; Stawarz, L.] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Krakow, Poland. [Bulik, T.; Dyks, J.; Moderski, R.; Rudak, B.; Zdziarski, A. A.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. [Hinton, J. A.; Skilton, J. L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Rowell, G.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Katarzynski, K.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, Torun, Poland. [Reimer, O.] Stanford Univ, HEPL & KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Funk, S.] SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lemoine-Goumard, M.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan,UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Aharonian, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. EM phy3j2ls@ast.leeds.ac.uk RI Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Braun, Isabel/C-9373-2012; Hadjichristidis, Christos/G-7284-2012; van Eldik, Christopher/C-3901-2013; Fontaine, Gerard/D-6420-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Katarzynski, Krzysztof/G-4528-2014; Drury, Luke/B-1916-2017; Moulin, Emmanuel/B-5959-2017; Komin, Nukri/J-6781-2015; OI Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Braun, Isabel/0000-0002-9389-0502; Hadjichristidis, Christos/0000-0002-5933-0755; van Eldik, Christopher/0000-0001-9669-645X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Drury, Luke/0000-0002-9257-2270; Moulin, Emmanuel/0000-0003-4007-0145; Chadwick, Paula/0000-0002-1468-2685; Komin, Nukri/0000-0003-3280-0582; Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165; de Ona Wilhelmi, Emma/0000-0002-5401-0744; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581; Lenain, Jean-Philippe/0000-0001-7284-9220 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 3 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809655 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XF UT WOS:000258326500025 ER PT J AU Mei, DM Yin, ZB Stonehill, LC Hime, A AF Mei, D. -M. Yin, Z-B Stonehill, L. C. Hime, A. TI A model of nuclear recoil scintillation efficiency in noble liquids SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nuclear recoil; Dark matter detection; Relative scintillation efficiency ID DARK-MATTER; GERMANIUM ATOMS; ARGON; IONIZATION; IONS; XENON; DEPENDENCE; LUMINESCENCE; UNIVERSE AB Scintillation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in noble liquids plays a crucial role in interpreting results from some direct searches for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, the cause of a reduced scintillation efficiency relative to electronic recoils in noble liquids remains unclear at the moment. We attribute such a reduction of scintillation efficiency to two major mechanisms: (1) energy loss and (2) scintillation quenching. The former is commonly described by Lindhard's theory and the latter by Birk's saturation law. We propose to combine these two to explain the observed reduction of scintillation yield for nuclear recoils in noble liquids. Birk's constants kB for argon, neon and xenon determined from experimental data are used to predict noble liquid scintillator's response to low-energy nuclear recoils and low-energy electrons. We find that energy loss due to nuclear stopping power that contributes little to ionization and excitation is the dominant reduction mechanism in scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, but: that significant additional quenching results from the nonlinear response of scintillation to the ionization density. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mei, D. -M.; Yin, Z-B] Univ S Dakota, Dept Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Yin, Z-B] Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Stonehill, L. C.; Hime, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mei, DM (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Phys, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM Dongming.Mei@usd.edu FU Office of Research at University of South Dakota; Laboratory Directed Research and Development at Los; MOE of China [IRT0624]; NSFC [10635020] FX The authors wish to thanks to the research group at University of South Dakota for the invaluable support that made this work successful. This work was supported in part by the Office of Research at University of South Dakota and by Laboratory Directed Research and Development at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Z.Y. was also partly supported by MOE of China under Project No. IRT0624 and the NSFC under Grant No. 10635020. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.06.001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 361AM UT WOS:000260099900002 ER PT J AU Blondin, S Davis, TM Krisciunas, K Schmidt, BP Sollerman, J Wood-Vasey, WM Becker, AC Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Damke, G Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Garnavich, PM Jha, SW Kirshner, RP Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miknaitis, G Narayan, G Pignata, G Rest, A Riess, AG Silverman, JM Smith, RC Spyromilio, J Stritzinger, M Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Tucker, BE Zenteno, A AF Blondin, S. Davis, T. M. Krisciunas, K. Schmidt, B. P. Sollerman, J. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Becker, A. C. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Damke, G. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Garnavich, P. M. Jha, S. W. Kirshner, R. P. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miknaitis, G. Narayan, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Silverman, J. M. Smith, R. C. Spyromilio, J. Stritzinger, M. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Tucker, B. E. Zenteno, A. TI Time dilation in type Ia supernova spectra at high redshift SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : miscellaneous; supernovae : general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; WORLD-STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE STRATIFICATION; LEGACY SURVEY; RISE-TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; KINEMATICS; MAGNITUDES; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB We present multiepoch spectra of 13 high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) drawn from the literature, the ESSENCE and SNLS projects, and our own separate dedicated program on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We use the Supernova Identification (SNID) code of Blondin and Tonry to determine the spectral ages in the supernova rest frame. Comparison with the observed elapsed time yields an apparent aging rate consistent with the 1/(1+z) factor (where z is the redshift) expected in a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding universe. These measurements thus confirm the expansion hypothesis, while unambiguously excluding models that predict no time dilation, such as Zwicky's "tired light'' hypothesis. We also test for power-law dependencies of the aging rate on redshift. The best-fit exponent for these models is consistent with the expected 1/(1+z) factor. C1 [Blondin, S.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davis, T. M.; Sollerman, J.; Stritzinger, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Davis, T. M.] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schmidt, B. P.; Tucker, B. E.] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, Australia. [Becker, A. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Damke, G.; Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Li, W.; Silverman, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garnavich, P. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miknaitis, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Narayan, G.; Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Riess, A. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stritzinger, M.] Camegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Blondin, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 724 EP 736 DI 10.1086/589568 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100003 ER PT J AU Reimer, A Costamante, L Madejski, G Reimer, O Dorner, D AF Reimer, A. Costamante, L. Madejski, G. Reimer, O. Dorner, D. TI A hard X-ray view of two distant VHE blazars: 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 1553+113 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (1ES 1101-232, 1ES 1553+113); galaxies : active; X-rays : galaxies ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; PROTON BLAZAR; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; RADIO; PG-1553+113; RADIATION AB TeV blazars are known as prominent nonthermal emitters across the entire electromagnetic spectrum with their photon power peaking in the X-ray and TeV bands. If distant, absorption of gamma-ray photons by the extragalactic background light (EBL) alters the intrinsic TeV spectral shape, thereby affecting the overall interpretation. Suzaku observations for two of the more distant TeV blazars known to date, 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 1553+113, were carried out in 2006 May and July, respectively, including a quasi-simultaneous coverage with the state-of-the-art Cerenkov telescope facilities. We report on the resulting data sets with emphasis on the X-ray band and set in context to their historical behavior. During our campaign, we did not detect any significant X-ray or gamma-ray variability. 1ES 1101-232 was found in a quiescent state with the lowest X-ray flux ever measured. The combined XIS and HXD PIN data for 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 1553+113 clearly indicate spectral curvature up to the highest hard X-ray data point (similar to 30 keV), manifesting as softening with increasing energy. We describe this spectral shape by either a broken power law or a log-parabolic fit with equal statistical goodness of fits. The combined 1ES 1553+113 very high energy spectrum (90-500 GeV) did not show any significant changes with respect to earlier observations. The resulting contemporaneous broadband spectral energy distributions of both TeV blazars are discussed in view of implications for intrinsic blazar parameter values, taking into account the gamma-ray absorption in the EBL. C1 [Reimer, A.; Costamante, L.; Reimer, O.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reimer, A.; Costamante, L.; Madejski, G.; Reimer, O.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dorner, D.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Reimer, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM afr@stanford.edu; luigi.costamante@stanford.edu; madejski@slac.stanford.edu; olr@stanford.edu; dorner@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1086/589641 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100008 ER PT J AU Asada, K Inoue, M Nakamura, M Kameno, S Nagai, H AF Asada, Keiichi Inoue, Makoto Nakamura, Masanori Kameno, Seiji Nagai, Hiroshi TI Multifrequency polarimetry of the NRAO 140 jet: Possible detection of a helical magnetic field and constraints on its pitch angle SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; quasars : individual (NRAO 140) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; BLACK-HOLES; 3C-273; POLARIZATION; OBJECTS; OUTFLOWS; SAMPLE; ENERGY AB We present results from multifrequency polarimetry of NRAO 140 using the Very Long Baseline Array. These observations allow us to reveal the distributions of both the polarization position angle and the Faraday rotation measure (RM). These distributions are powerful tools to discern the projected and line-of-sight components of the magnetic field, respectively. We find a systematic gradient in the RM distribution, with its sign being opposite at either side of the jet with respect to the jet axis. The sign of the RM changes only with the direction of the magnetic field component along the line of sight, so this can be explained by the existence of helical magnetic components associated with the jet itself. We derive two constraints for the pitch angle of the helical magnetic field from the distributions of the RM and the projected magnetic field; the RM distribution indicates that the helical fields are tightly wound, while the distribution of the projected magnetic field suggests they are loosely wound around the jet axis. This inconsistency may be explained if the Faraday rotator is not cospatial with the emitting region. Our results may point toward a physical picture in which an ultrarelativistic jet ("spine'') with a loosely wound helical magnetic field is surrounded by a subrelativistic wind layer ("sheath'') with a tightly wound helical magnetic field. C1 [Asada, Keiichi; Inoue, Makoto; Kameno, Seiji; Nagai, Hiroshi] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1888588, Japan. [Asada, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Nakamura, Masanori] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kameno, Seiji] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kagoshima 8908580, Japan. [Nagai, Hiroshi] Grad Univ Adv Studies Sokendai, Dept Astron Sci, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Asada, K (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1888588, Japan. EM asada@vsop.isas.jaxa.jp NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1086/588573 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100011 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Burles, S Koopmans, LVE Treu, T Gavazzi, R Moustakas, LA Wayth, R Schlegel, DJ AF Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Koopmans, Leon V. E. Treu, Tommaso Gavazzi, Raphael Moustakas, Leonidas A. Wayth, Randall Schlegel, David J. TI The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The full ACS strong-lens sample SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; gravitational lensing; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; FIELD ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXY; CLUSTER CL 1358+62; 3RD DATA RELEASE; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; EINSTEIN RING; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT AB We present the definitive data for the full sample of 131 strong gravitational lens candidates observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope by the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. All targets were selected for higher redshift emission lines and lower redshift continuum in a single Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectrum. The foreground galaxies are primarily of early-type morphology, with redshifts from z similar or equal to 0.05 to 0.5 and velocity dispersions from sigma similar or equal to 160 to 400 km s(-1); the faint background emission-line galaxies have redshifts ranging from z similar or equal to 0.2 to 1.2. We confirm 70 systems showing clear evidence of multiple imaging of the background galaxy by the foreground galaxy, as well as an additional 19 systems with probable multiple imaging. For 63 clear lensing systems, we present singular isothermal ellipsoid and light-traces-mass gravitational lens models fitted to the ACS imaging data. These strong-lensing mass measurements are supplemented by magnitudes and effective radii measured from ACS surface brightness photometry and redshifts and velocity dispersions measured from SDSS spectroscopy. These data constitute a unique resource for the quantitative study of the interrelations between mass, light, and kinematics in massive early-type galaxies. We show that the SLACS lens sample is statistically consistent with being drawn at random from a parent sample of SDSS galaxies with comparable spectroscopic parameters and effective radii, suggesting that the results of SLACS analyses can be generalized to the massive early-type population. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.; Wayth, Randall] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Gavazzi, Raphael] CNRS, Inst Astrophys, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bolton@ifa.hawaii.edu; burles@mit.edu; koopmans@astro.rug.nl; tt@physics.ucsb.edu; gavazzi@iap.fr; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov; rwayth@cfa.harvard.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 81 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 964 EP 984 DI 10.1086/589327 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100022 ER PT J AU Whalen, D Prochaska, JX Heger, A Tumlinson, J AF Whalen, Daniel Prochaska, Jason X. Heger, Alexander Tumlinson, Jason TI The molecular hydrogen deficit in gamma-ray burst after glows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : star clusters; gamma rays : bursts; HII regions; ISM : clouds; radiative transfer ID H-II REGIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIATIVE FEEDBACK; IONIZATION FRONTS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; MASSIVE STARS; DARK CLOUDS; 1ST STARS; EVOLUTION AB Recent analysis of five gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow spectra reveals the absence of molecular hydrogen absorption lines, a surprising result in light of their large neutral hydrogen column densities and the detection of H-2 in similar, more local star-forming regions such as 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Observational evidence further indicates that the bulk of the neutral hydrogen column in these sight lines lies more than 100 pc from the GRB progenitor and that H-2 was likely absent prior to the burst, suggesting that direct flux from the star, FUV background fields, or both suppressed its formation. We present one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical models of GRB host galaxy environments, including self-consistent radiative transfer of both ionizing and Lyman-Werner (L-W) photons, nine-species primordial chemistry with dust formation of H-2, and dust extinction of UV photons. We find that a single GRB progenitor is sufficient to ionize neutral hydrogen to distances of 50-100 pc, but that a galactic L-W background is required to dissociate molecular hydrogen in the ambient ISM. Intensities of 0.1-100 times the Galactic mean are necessary to destroy H-2 in the cloud, depending on its density and metallicity. The minimum radii at which neutral hydrogen will be found in afterglow spectra is insensitive to the mass of the progenitor or the initial mass function (IMF) of its cluster, if present. C1 [Whalen, Daniel; Heger, Alexander] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Prochaska, Jason X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Tumlinson, Jason] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Tumlinson, Jason] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Whalen, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwhalen@lanl.gov; xavier@ucolick.edu NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1114 EP 1123 DI 10.1086/589537 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100036 ER PT J AU Leggett, SK Saumon, D Albert, L Cushing, MC Liu, MC Luhman, KL Marley, MS Kirkpatrick, JD Roellig, TL Allers, KN AF Leggett, S. K. Saumon, D. Albert, Loic Cushing, Michael C. Liu, Michael C. Luhman, K. L. Marley, M. S. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Roellig, Thomas L. Allers, K. N. TI HN Peg B: A test of models of the L to T dwarf transition SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; stars : individual (2MASS J21442847+1446077, HN Peg, HN Peg B); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR ADAPTIVE OPTICS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; EXOPLANET HOST STAR; L/T TRANSITION; BROWN DWARFS; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM; GLIESE 570D; FILTER SET AB Luhman and collaborators recently discovered an early-T dwarf companion to the G0 dwarf star HN Peg, using Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images. Companionship was established on the basis of the common proper motion inferred from 1998 Two Micron All Sky Survey images and the 2004 IRAC images. In this paper we present new near-infrared imaging data which confirm the common proper motion of the system. We also present new 3-4 mu m spectroscopy of HN Peg B, which provides tighter constraints on both the bolometric luminosity determination and the comparison to synthetic spectra. New adaptive optics imaging data are also presented, which show the T dwarf to be unresolved, providing limits on the multiplicity of the object. We use the age, distance, and luminosity of the solar-metallicity T dwarf to determine its effective temperature and gravity, and compare synthetic spectra with these values, and a range of grain properties and vertical mixing, to the observed 0.8-4.0 mu m spectra and mid-infrared photometry. We find that models with temperature and gravity appropriate for the older end of the age range of the system (0.5 Gyr) can do a reasonable job of fitting the data, but only if the photospheric condensate cloud deck is thin, and if there is significant vertical mixing in the atmosphere. Dwarfs such as HN Peg B, with well-determined metallicity, radius, gravity, and temperature, will allow development of dynamical atmosphere models, leading to the solution of the puzzle of the L to T dwarf transition. C1 [Leggett, S. K.] Gemini Observ, No Operat Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Albert, Loic] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Cushing, Michael C.; Liu, Michael C.; Allers, K. N.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Marley, M. S.; Roellig, Thomas L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kirkpatrick, J. Davy] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Leggett, SK (reprint author), Gemini Observ, No Operat Ctr, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1256 EP 1263 DI 10.1086/589146 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100049 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Oki, T Holloway, T Streets, DG Bengtsson, M Kanae, S AF Lin, Meiyun Oki, Taikan Holloway, Tracey Streets, David G. Bengtsson, Magnus Kanae, Shinjiro TI Long-range transport of acidifying substances in East Asia - Part I - Model evaluation and sensitivity studies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen oxides; satellite data; acid deposition; multiscale; East Asia ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NOX; EMISSIONS; GOME; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL; JAPAN; GAS AB This Study has conducted a comprehensive model evaluation to help identify Major uncertainties of regional air quality model in predicting long-range transport and deposition of acidifying substances in East Asia. Annual predictions of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are carried out at two horizontal scales: an 81 kin domain over East Asia and a 27 kill domain over Northeast Asia. The model successfully reproduces the magnitudes and diurnal variations of SO, mixing ratios at most sites of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). Through the comparison with tropospheric NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), the model is shown to be able to capture major spatial and seasonal variations of NO2 observed from space over East Asia. Regarding the magnitudes, however, CMAQ underprediets the GOME retrieval over industrial area of eastern China in March and December, and over the remote western China in july. Primary reasons for the discrepancy over eastern China are the uncertainties both in emission inventory and in the GOME retrieval in wintertime. For the wet season the soil-biogenic NOx emission estimates need to be reviewed regarding the intensity and timing of fertilizer applications, and the magnitude of rain-induced pulsing. The sensitivities of predicted NOx columns, NOx mixing ratios, and wet nitrate deposition to 50%,, increase of NOx emission are studied. Due to the underpredictions of NOx and also to the Uncertainty in modeled precipitation and nitrate formation, CMAQ has a tendency to underpredict annual wet deposition loads of nitrate observed by the EANET network. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Meiyun; Oki, Taikan; Kanae, Shinjiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Holloway, Tracey] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bengtsson, Magnus] Inst Global Environm Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM lin@rainbow.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Kanae, Shinjiro/E-5606-2010; Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; OI Kanae, Shinjiro/0000-0002-3176-4957; Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Japan International Cooperation Agency; Japan Society [19106008] FX This research has been supported by Japan International Cooperation Agency and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19106008). We thank Dr. Richter at Bremen University for providing the GOME NO2 retrieval, EANET for providing surface measurements, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 5939 EP 5955 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.008 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000001 ER PT J AU Lin, M Oki, T Bengtsson, M Kanae, S Holloway, T Streets, DG AF Lin, Meiyun Oki, Taikan Bengtsson, Magnus Kanae, Shinjiro Holloway, Tracey Streets, David G. TI Long-range transport of acidifying substances in east Asia - Part II - Source-receptor relationships SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sulfur; reactive nitrogen; Eulerian models; source-receptor relationships; East Asia ID SULFUR DEPOSITION; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; MODEL; PACIFIC AB Region-to-grid source-receptor (S/R) relationships are established for sulfur and reactive nitrogen deposition in East Asia, using the Eulerian-type Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with emission and meteorology data for 2001. We proposed a source region attribution methodology by analyzing the non-linear responses of the CMAQ model to emission changes. Sensitivity simulations were conducted where emissions Of SO2, NO,, and primary particles from a source region were reduced by 25%. The difference between the base and sensitivity Simulations was multiplied by a factor of four, and then defined as the contribution from that source region. The transboundary influence exhibits strong seasonal variation and generally peaks during the dry seasons. Long-range transport from eastern China contributes a significant percentage (>20%) of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen as well as sulfur deposition in East Asia. At the same time, northwestern China receives approximately 35% of its sulfur load and 45% of its nitrogen load from foreign emissions. Sulfur emissions from Miyakejima and other volcanoes contribute approximately 50% of the sulfur load in Japan in 2001. Sulfur inflows from regions Outside the study domain, which is attributed by using boundary conditions derived from the MOZART global atmospheric chemistry model, are pronounced (10-40%) over most parts of Asia. Compared with previous studies using simple Lagrangian models, our results indicate higher influence from long-range transport. The estimated S/R relationships are believed to be more realistic since they include global influence as well as internal interactions among different parts of China. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Meiyun; Oki, Taikan; Kanae, Shinjiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. [Bengtsson, Magnus] Inst Global Environm Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan. [Holloway, Tracey] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. EM lin@rainbow.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Kanae, Shinjiro/E-5606-2010; Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; OI Kanae, Shinjiro/0000-0002-3176-4957; Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Japan International Cooperation Agency; Japan Society [19106008] FX This study was supported by Japan International Cooperation Agency and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19106008). We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and Mr. Zhiguo Zhang for the support of data management. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 5956 EP 5967 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000002 ER PT J AU Shehabi, A Horvath, A Tschudi, W Gadgil, AJ Nazaroff, WW AF Shehabi, Arman Horvath, Arpad Tschudi, William Gadgil, Ashok J. Nazaroff, William W. TI Particle concentrations in data centers SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE data center; indoor air quality; particulate matter; equipment reliability; energy efficiency; filtration ID PARTICULATE MATTER; FILTRATION; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; AEROSOLS; NITRATE; SULFUR; SIZES AB Cooling buildings with large airflow rates of outside air when temperatures are favorable is an established energy-saving measure. In data centers, this strategy is not widely used, owing to concerns that it would cause increased indoor levels of particles of outdoor origin, which could damage electronic equipment. However, environmental conditions typical of data centers and the associated potential for equipment failure are not well characterized. This Study presents the first published measurements of particle concentrations in operating data centers. Indoor and outdoor particle measurements were taken at eight different sites in northern California for particulate matter 0.3-5.0 mu m in diameter. One of the data centers has an energy-efficient design that employs outside air for cooling, while the rest use conventional cooling methods. Ratios of measured Particle concentrations in the conventional data centers to the corresponding outside concentrations were significantly lower than those typically found in office or residential buildings. Estimates using a material-balance model match well with empirical results, indicating that the dominant particle sources and losses have been identified. Measurements taken at the more energy-efficient site show nearly an Order of magnitude increase in particle concentration when ventilation rates were high. The model indicates that this increase may be even higher when including particles smaller than the monitoring-equipment size limitation. Even with the increases, the measured particle concentrations are still below concentration limits recommended in industry standards. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shehabi, Arman; Horvath, Arpad; Nazaroff, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. [Shehabi, Arman; Tschudi, William; Gadgil, Ashok J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. EM nazaroff@ce.berkeley.edu RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 FU PGE [PGZ-0601]; University of California Energy Institute; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank David Faulkner for assisting with the particle monitoring equipment and the staffs at the data-center sites for their generous cooperation. This project was funded by PG&E (Contract PGZ-0601) and by the University of California Energy Institute, California Studies Grant Program. Most of this work was performed at LBNL under the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 5978 EP 5990 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.049 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000004 ER PT J AU Speed, A AF Speed, Ann TI Computational modeling of analogy: Destined ever to only be metaphor? SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIMILARITY; COGNITION; CORTEX AB The target article by Leech et al. presents a compelling computational theory of analogy-making. However, there is a key difficulty that persists in theoretical treatments of analogy-making, computational and otherwise: namely, the lack of a detailed account of the neurophysiological mechanisms that give rise to analog behavior. My commentary explores this issue. C1 [Speed, Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Cognit & Exploratory Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Speed, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Cognit & Exploratory Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aespeed@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1017/S0140525X08004676 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 370SP UT WOS:000260783700022 ER PT J AU Purdom, E Simpson, KM Robinson, MD Conboy, JG Lapuk, AV Speed, TP AF Purdom, E. Simpson, K. M. Robinson, M. D. Conboy, J. G. Lapuk, A. V. Speed, T. P. TI FIRMA: a method for detection of alternative splicing from exon array data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAY DATA; HUMAN GENOME; CANCER; EXPRESSION AB Motivation: Analyses of EST data show that alternative splicing is much more widespread than once thought. The advent of exon and tiling microarrays means that researchers now have the capacity to experimentally measure alternative splicing on a genome wide level. New methods are needed to analyze the data from these arrays. Results: We present a method, finding isoforms using robust multichip analysis (FIRMA), for detecting differential alternative splicing in exon array data. FIRMA has been developed for Affymetrix exon arrays, but could in principle be extended to other exon arrays, tiling arrays or splice junction arrays. We have evaluated the method using simulated data, and have also applied it to two datasets: a panel of 11 human tissues and a set of 10 pairs of matched normal and tumor colon tissue. FIRMA is able to detect exons in several genes confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR. C1 [Purdom, E.; Speed, T. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Simpson, K. M.; Robinson, M. D.; Speed, T. P.] Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. [Robinson, M. D.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Oncol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Conboy, J. G.; Lapuk, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Purdom, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, 367 Evans Hall 3860, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM epurdom@stat.berkeley.edu RI Speed, Terence /B-8085-2009; Robinson, Mark/A-6432-2015 OI Speed, Terence /0000-0002-5403-7998; Robinson, Mark/0000-0002-3048-5518 FU NCI NIH HHS [U24 CA126551-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL045182]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK094699, R21 DK075021]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01GM083084, R01 GM083084, R01 GM083084-01] NR 24 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 1707 EP 1714 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn284 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 330PZ UT WOS:000257956600008 PM 18573797 ER PT J AU Shu, JY Tan, C DeGrado, WF Xu, T AF Shu, Jessica Y. Tan, Cen DeGrado, William F. Xu, Ting TI New design of helix bundle peptide-polymer conjugates SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO DESIGN; HYBRID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ARTIFICIAL PROTEINS; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MONOLAYERS; MAQUETTES; STABILITY AB We present a new design of peptide-polymer conjugates where a polymer chain is covalently linked to the side chain of a helix bundle-forming peptide. The effect of conjugated polymer chains on the peptide structure was examined using a de novo designed three-helix bundle and a photoactive four-helix bundle. Upon attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) to the exterior of the coiled-coil helix bundle, the peptide secondary structure was stabilized and the tertiary structure, that is, the coiled-coil helix bundle, was retained. When a heme-binding peptide as an example is used, the new peptide-polymer conjugate architecture also preserves the built-in functionalities within the interior of the helix bundle. It is expected that the conjugated polymer chains act to mediate the interactions between the helix bundle and its external environment. Thus, this new peptide-polymer conjugate design strategy may open new avenues to macroscopically assemble the helix bundles and may enable them to function in nonbiological environments. C1 [Shu, Jessica Y.; Tan, Cen; Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DeGrado, William F.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tingxu@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM54616, R01 GM054616, R37 GM054616] NR 47 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2111 EP 2117 DI 10.1021/bm800113g PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 336XN UT WOS:000258400200004 PM 18627200 ER PT J AU Holland, GP Alam, TM AF Holland, Gregory P. Alam, Todd M. TI Unique backbone-water interaction detected in sphingomyelin bilayers with H-1/P-31 and H-1/C-13 HETCOR MAS NMR spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; PHOSPHOLIPID-CHOLESTEROL INTERACTIONS; CYTOCHROME-C INTERACTIONS; MAGIC-ANGLE; CROSS-POLARIZATION; LIPID-BILAYERS; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; HEADGROUP CONFORMATION AB Two-dimensional H-1/P-31 dipolar heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to investigate the correlation of the lipid headgroup with various intra- and intermolecular proton environments. Cross-polarization NMR techniques involving P-31 have not been previously pursued to a great extent in lipid bilayers due to the long H-1-P-31 distances and high degree of headgroup mobility that averages the dipolar coupling in the liquid crystalline phase. The results presented herein show that this approach is very promising and yields information not readily available with other experimental methods. Of particular interest is the detection of a unique lipid backbone-water intermolecular interaction in egg sphingomyelin (SM) that is not observed in lipids with glycerol backbones like phosphatidylcholines. This backbone-water interaction in SM is probed when a mixing period allowing magnetization exchange between different H-1 environments via the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is included in the NMR pulse sequence. The molecular information provided by these H-1/P-31 dipolar HETCOR experiments with NOE mixing differ from those previously obtained by conventional NOE spectroscopy and heteronuclear NOE spectroscopy NMR experiments. In addition, two-dimensional H-1/C-13 INEPT HETCOR experiments with NOE mixing support the H-1/P-31 dipolar HETCOR results and confirm the presence of a H2O environment that has nonvanishing dipolar interactions with the SM backbone. C1 [Holland, Gregory P.] Arizona State Univ, Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostructured & Elect Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holland, GP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Magnet Resonance Res Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM greg.holland@asu.edu NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.130724 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 327HC UT WOS:000257719200020 PM 18390621 ER PT J AU Jankowski, MD Henry, CS Broadbelt, LJ Hatzimanikatis, V AF Jankowski, Matthew D. Henry, Christopher S. Broadbelt, Linda J. Hatzimanikatis, Vassily TI Group contribution method for thermodynamic analysis of complex metabolic networks SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL REACTANTS; GIBBS ENERGIES; DATABASE; PATHWAYS; BACTERIA; KEGG AB Anew, to our knowledge, group contribution method based on the group contribution method of Mavrovouniotis is introduced for estimating the standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Delta(f)G'(degrees)) and reaction (Delta(r)G'(degrees)) in biochemical systems. Gibbs free energy contribution values were estimated for 74 distinct molecular substructures and 11 interaction factors using multiple linear regression against a training set of 645 reactions and 224 compounds. The standard error for the fitted values was 1.90 kcal/mol. Cross-validation analysis was utilized to determine the accuracy of the methodology in estimating Delta(r)G'(degrees) and Delta(f)G'(degrees) for reactions and compounds not included in the training set, and based on the results of the cross-validation, the standard error involved in these estimations is 2.22 kcal/mol. This group contribution method is demonstrated to be capable of estimating Delta(r)G'(degrees) and Delta(f)G'(degrees) for the majority of the biochemical compounds and reactions found in the iJR904 and iAF1260 genome-scale metabolic models of Escherichia coli and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and University of Minnesota Biocatalysis and Biodegradation Database. A web-based implementation of this new group contribution method is available free at http:// sparta.chem-eng.northwestern.edu/cgi-bin/GCM/WebGCM.cgi. C1 [Jankowski, Matthew D.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Henry, Christopher S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Broadbelt, Linda J.] NW Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hatzimanikatis, Vassily] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, SB ISIC, LCSB, BCH 3110, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Hatzimanikatis, V (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, SB ISIC, LCSB, BCH 3110, Bat BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM vassily.hatzimanikatis@epfl.ch RI Hatzimanikatis, Vassily/B-7646-2009; Broadbelt, Linda/B-7640-2009; Hatzimanikatis, Vassily/G-6505-2010 OI Hatzimanikatis, Vassily/0000-0001-6432-4694 NR 37 TC 165 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 54 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1487 EP 1499 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.124784 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 327HC UT WOS:000257719200046 PM 18645197 ER PT J AU Ladisch, M Dale, B Tyner, W Mosier, N Kim, Y Cotta, M Dien, B Blaschek, H Laurenas, E Shanks, B Verkadeg, J Schell, C Petersen, G AF Ladisch, Michael Dale, Bruce Tyner, Wally Mosier, Nathan Kim, Youngmi Cotta, Michael Dien, Bruce Blaschek, Hans Laurenas, Edmund Shanks, Brent Verkadeg, John Schell, Chad Petersen, Gene TI Cellulose conversion in dry grind ethanol plants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; ethanol; cellulose pretreatment; cellulases; corn co-products AB The expansion of the dry grind ethanol industry provides a unique opportunity to introduce cellulose conversion technology to existing grain to ethanol plants, while enhancing ethanol yields by up to 14%, and decreasing the volume while increasing protein content of distiller's grains. The technologies required are cellulose pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, fermentation, and drying. Laboratory data combined with compositional analysis and process simulations are used to present a comparative analysis of a dry grind process to a process with pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose in distiller's grains. The additional processing steps are projected to give it 32%, increase in net present value if process modifications are made to a 100 million gallon/year plant. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ladisch, Michael; Mosier, Nathan; Kim, Youngmi] Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dale, Bruce] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tyner, Wally] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cotta, Michael; Dien, Bruce] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Blaschek, Hans] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shanks, Brent] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Verkadeg, John] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Laurenas, Edmund] Genencor, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Schell, Chad; Petersen, Gene] US DOE, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ladisch, Michael; Mosier, Nathan] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ladisch, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM carie@purdue.edu OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 5157 EP 5159 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.082 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UO UT WOS:000255850900002 PM 18424042 ER PT J AU Schell, C Riley, C Petersen, GR AF Schell, C. Riley, C. Petersen, G. R. TI Pathways for development of a biorenewables industry SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulosic ethanol; integrated biorefineries; dry grind process improvements; integrated pathways to fuels AB The advanced energy initiative to reduce the nation's future demand for oil has resulted in the definition of a number of pathways for the development of the bio-renewables industry. This paper gives an overview of the pathways which could lead to both ethanol and other types of bio-products. The methods that would be used for cellulose conversion also apply to adding value for the co-products of ethanol production. Process milestones and pathways for research that would enable corn dry mill operations to improve are described. A corn dry mill improvement pathway is outlined, and introduces the topics that are covered in this particular special volume. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schell, C.] US DOE, Golden Field Off, Navarro Res & Engn Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Riley, C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Petersen, G. R.] US DOE, Golden Field Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schell, C (reprint author), US DOE, Golden Field Off, Navarro Res & Engn Inc, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 5160 EP 5164 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.085 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UO UT WOS:000255850900003 PM 18054223 ER PT J AU Han, Q Cai, T Tagle, DA Robinson, H Li, JY AF Han, Qian Cai, Tao Tagle, Danilo A. Robinson, Howard Li, Jianyong TI Substrate specificity and structure of human aminoadipate aminotransferase/kynurenine aminotransferase II SO BIOSCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Article DE aminoadipic acid; crystal structure; kynurenic acid (KYNA); kynurenine; kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT); neurodegenerative disease ID ALPHA-KETOADIPIC ACIDURIA; MITOCHONDRIAL ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; GLUTAMINE TRANSAMINASE-K; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; KYNURENINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; RAT-BRAIN; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LYSINE METABOLISM AB KAT (kynurenine aminotransferase) II is a primary enzyme in the brain for catalysing the transamination of kynurenine to KYNA (kynurenic acid). KYNA is the only known endogenous antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. The enzyme also catalyses the transamination of aminoadipate to a-oxoadipate; therefore it was initially named AADAT (aminoadipate aminotransferase). As an enclotoxin, aminoadipate influences various elements of glutamatergic neurotransmission and kills primary astrocytes in the brain. A number of studies dealing with the biochemical and functional characteristics of this enzyme exist in the literature, but a systematic assessment of KAT II addressing its substrate profile and kinetic properties has not been performed. The present study examines the biochemical and structural characterization of a human KAT II/AADAT. Substrate screening of human KAT II revealed that the enzyme has a very broad substrate specificity, is capable of catalysing the transamination of 16 out of 24 tested amino acids and could utilize all 16 tested alpha-oxo acids as amino-group acceptors. Kinetic analysis of human KAT II demonstrated its catalytic efficiency for individual amino-group donors and acceptors, providing information as to its preferred substrate affinity. Structural analysis of the human KAT II complex with alpha-oxoglutaric acid revealed a conformational change of an N-terminal fraction, residues 15-33, that is able to adapt to different substrate sizes, which provides a structural basis for its broad substrate specificity. C1 [Han, Qian; Li, Jianyong] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cai, Tao] NIDCR, OIIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tagle, Danilo A.] NINDS, Ctr Neurosci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM qianhan@vt.edu RI Han, Qian/J-8696-2014 OI Han, Qian/0000-0001-6245-5252 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 DE999999]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P30 EB009998] NR 95 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 5 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0144-8463 J9 BIOSCIENCE REP JI Biosci. Rep. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1042/BSR20080085 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 364VZ UT WOS:000260364900004 PM 18620547 ER PT J AU Borole, AP O'Neill, H Tsouris, C Cesar, S AF Borole, Abhijeet P. O'Neill, Hugh Tsouris, Costas Cesar, Scott TI A microbial fuel cell operating at low pH using the acidophile Acidiphilium cryptum SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acidiphilium cryptum; acidophile; biofuel cell; electricity; mediated electron transfer ID ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; REDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; GLUCOSE; FE(III); MR-1 AB For the first time, a microbial fuel cell has been developed using an acidophile, Acidiphilium cryptum, as the anode biocatalyst. Electricity production using its natural electron acceptor, iron, as the electron mediating agent at pH values <= 4.0 was demonstrated. Accumulation of Fe(III) at the electrode, however, restricted current output. The combination of nitrilotriacetic acid and Phenosafranin as electron mediators increased the power output to 12.7 mW/m(2) in a two-chamber air-sparged fuel cell. Direct electron transfer from the microorganisms to the anode was also investigated but was not detected under the conditions studied. C1 [Borole, Abhijeet P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1367 EP 1372 DI 10.1007/s10529-008-9700-y PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 315VV UT WOS:000256909200009 PM 18368296 ER PT J AU Chasis, JA Mohandas, N AF Chasis, Joel Anne Mohandas, Narla TI Erythroblastic islands: niches for erythropoiesis SO BLOOD LA English DT Review ID ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; BLOOD-GROUP GLYCOPROTEIN; MOUSE STROMAL MACROPHAGES; ADHESION MOLECULE ICAM-4; MURINE BONE-MARROW; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; DEFINITIVE ERYTHROPOIESIS; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; FETAL LIVER AB Erythroblastic islands, the specialized niches in which erythroid precursors proliferate, differentiate, and enucleate, were first described 50 years ago by analysis of transmission electron micrographs of bone marrow. These hematopoietic sub-compartments are composed of erythroblasts surrounding a central macrophage. A hiatus of several decades followed, during which the importance of erythroblastic islands remained unrecognized as erythroid progenitors were shown to possess an autonomous differentiation pro-gram with a capacity to complete terminal differentiation in vitro in the presence of erythropoietin but without macrophages. However, as the extent of proliferation, differentiation, and enucleation efficiency documented in vivo could not be recapitulated in vitro, a resurgence of interest in erythroid niches has emerged. We now have an increased molecular understanding of processes operating within erythroid niches, including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, positive and negative regulatory feedback, and central macrophage function. These features of erythroblast islands represent important contributors to normal erythroid development, as well as altered erythropoiesis found in such diverse diseases as anemia of inflammation and chronic disease, myelodysplasia, thalassemia, and malarial anemia. Coupling of historical, current, and future insights will be essential to understand the tightly regulated production of red cells both in steady state and stress erythropoiesis. C1 [Chasis, Joel Anne] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chasis, Joel Anne] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Hematol Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Mohandas, Narla] New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Chasis, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jachasis@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL7956, T32 HL007956]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56267, P01 DK032094, R01 DK056267] NR 99 TC 191 Z9 194 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 3 BP 470 EP 478 DI 10.1182/blood-2008-03-077883 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 334YO UT WOS:000258257900010 PM 18650462 ER PT J AU Kerstein, AR Wunsch, S AF Kerstein, Alan R. Wunsch, Scott TI Simulation of a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer using one-dimensional turbulence (vol 118, pg 325, 2006) SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Kerstein, Alan R.; Wunsch, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kerstein, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM arkerst@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 BP 313 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10546-008-9282-1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324VH UT WOS:000257547000008 ER PT J AU Miao, HY Dykes, C Demeter, LM Cavenaugh, J Park, SY Perelson, AS Wu, HL AF Miao, Hongyu Dykes, Carrie Demeter, Lisa M. Cavenaugh, James Park, Sung Yong Perelson, Alan S. Wu, Hulin TI Modeling and estimation of kinetic parameters and replicative fitness of HIV-1 from flow-cytometry-based growth competition experiments SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differential evolution; global optimization; HIV/AIDS; model identifiability; ordinary differential equation (ODE); statistical inverse problem; viral fitness ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; GLOBAL IDENTIFIABILITY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; RESISTANCE MUTATION; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; RELATIVE FITNESS; DOUBLE INFECTION; VIRAL FITNESS; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINATION AB Growth competition assays have been developed to quantify the relative fitness of HIV-1 mutants. In this article, we develop mathematical models to describe viral/cellular dynamic interactions in the assay system from which the competitive fitness indices or parameters are defined. In our previous HIV-viral fitness experiments, the concentration of uninfected target cells was assumed to be constant (Wu et al. 2006). But this may not be true in some experiments. In addition, dual infection may frequently occur in viral fitness experiments and may not be ignorable. Here, we relax these two assumptions and extend our earlier viral fitness model (Wu et al. 2006). The resulting models then become nonlinear ODE systems for which closed-form solutions are not achievable. In the new model, the viral relative fitness is a function of time since it depends on the target cell concentration. First, we studied the structure identifiability of the nonlinear ODE models. The identifiability analysis showed that all parameters in the proposed models are identifiable from the flow-cytometry-based experimental data that we collected. We then employed a global optimization approach (the differential evolution algorithm) to directly estimate the kinetic parameters as well as the relative fitness index in the nonlinear ODE models using nonlinear least square regression based on the experimental data. Practical identifiability was investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Miao, Hongyu; Cavenaugh, James; Park, Sung Yong; Wu, Hulin] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Dykes, Carrie; Demeter, Lisa M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wu, HL (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM hwu@bst.rochester.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27658, AI052765, AI055290, AI065217, AI50020, N01AI50020, P30 AI078498, R01 AI041387, R01 AI052765, R01 AI055290, R01 AI065217, U01 AI027658]; NIEHS NIH HHS [2T32 ES007271, T32 ES007271] NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1749 EP 1771 DI 10.1007/s11538-008-9323-4 PG 23 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 332LW UT WOS:000258085500009 PM 18648886 ER PT J AU Morasca, P Mayeda, K Gok, R Phillips, WS Malagnini, L AF Morasca, Paola Mayeda, Kevin Goek, Rengin Phillips, W. Scott Malagnini, Luca TI Coda and direct-wave attenuation tomography in northern Italy SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-COMPONENT SEISMIC ARRAY; UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; REGGIO-EMILIA REGION; WESTERN ALPS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOURCE SPECTRA; MOMENT; CRUSTAL; ENERGY; PROPAGATION AB A 1D coda method was proposed by Mayeda et al. (2003) in order to obtain stable seismic source moment-rate spectra using narrowband coda envelope measurements. That study took advantage of the averaging nature of coda waves to derive stable amplitude measurements taking into account all propagation, site, and S-to-coda transfer function effects. Recently, this methodology was applied to microearthquake data sets from three subregions of northern Italy (i.e., western Alps, northern Apennines, and eastern Alps). Because the study regions were small, ranging between local-to-near-regional distances, the simple ID path assumptions used in the coda method worked very well. The lateral complexity of this region would suggest, however, that a 2D path correction might provide even better results if the data sets were combined, especially when paths traverse larger distances and complicated regions. The structural heterogeneity of northern Italy makes the region ideal to test the extent to which coda variance can be reduced further by using a 2D Q tomography technique. The approach we use has been developed by Phillips et al. (2005) and is an extension of previous amplitude ratio techniques to remove source effects from the inversion. The method requires some assumptions, such as isotropic source radiation, which is generally true for coda waves. Our results are compared against direct S-wave inversions for 1/Q and results from both share very similar attenuation features that coincide with known geologic structures. We compare our results with those derived from direct waves as well as some recent results from northern California obtained by Mayeda et al. (2005) that tested the same tomographic methodology applied in this study to invert for 1/Q. We find that 2D coda path corrections for this region significantly improve upon the ID corrections, in contrast to California where only a marginal improvement was observed. We attribute this difference to stronger lateral variations in Q for northern Italy relative to California. C1 [Morasca, Paola] Univ Genoa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Mayeda, Kevin] Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Goek, Rengin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Phillips, W. Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Malagnini, Luca] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Morasca, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RI Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1936 EP 1946 DI 10.1785/0120070089 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 335AB UT WOS:000258262100023 ER PT J AU Ford, SR Dreger, DS Mayeda, K Walter, WR Malagnini, L Phillips, WS AF Ford, Sean R. Dreger, Douglas S. Mayeda, Kevin Walter, William R. Malagnini, Luca Phillips, William S. TI Regional attenuation in Northern California: A comparison of five 1D Q methods SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT ATTENUATION; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; TIBETAN PLATEAU; LG ATTENUATION; GROUND-MOTION; RANGE PROVINCE; SOUTH-KOREA; SHEAR-WAVES; PROPAGATION; EARTHQUAKES AB The determination of regional attenuation (Q(-1)) can depend upon the analysis method employed. The discrepancies between methods are due to differing parameterizations (e.g., geometrical spreading rates), employed datasets (e.g., choice of path lengths and sources), and the nature of the methodologies themselves (e.g., measurement in the frequency or time domain). Here we apply five different attenuation methodologies to a Northern California dataset. The methods are (1) coda normalization (CN), (2) two station (TS), (3) reverse two station (RTS), (4) source pair/receiver pair (SPRP), and (5) coda-source normalization (CS). The methods are used to measure Q of the regional phase, Lg (Q(Lg)), and its power-law dependence on the frequency of the form Q(0)f(eta) with controlled parameterization in the well-studied region of Northern California using a high-quality dataset from the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network. We investigate the difference in power-law Q calculated among the methods by focusing on the San Francisco Bay area, where knowledge of attenuation is an important part of seismic hazard mitigation. All methods return similar power-law parameters, though the range of the joint 95% confidence regions is large (Q(0) = 85 +/- 40; eta = 0.65 +/- 0.35). The RTS and TS methods differ the most from the other methods and from each other. This may be due to the removal of the site term In the RTS method, which is shown to be significant in the San Francisco Bay area. In order to completely understand the range of power-law Q in a region, we advise the use of several methods to calculate the model. We also test the sensitivity of each method to changes in geometrical spreading, the Lg frequency bandwidth, the distance range of data, and the Lg measurement window. For a given method, there are significant differences in the power-law parameters, Q(0) and eta, due to perturbations in the parameterization when evaluated using a conservative pairwise comparison. The CN method is affected most by changes in the distance range, which is most likely due to its fixed coda-measurement window. Because the CS method is best used to calculate the total path attenuation, it is very sensitive to the geometrical spreading assumption. The TS method is most sensitive to the frequency bandwidth, which may be due to its incomplete extraction of the site term. The RTS method is insensitive to parameterization choice, whereas the SPRP method as implemented here in the time domain for a single path has great error in the power-law model parameters, and eta is strongly affected by changes in the method parameterization. When presenting results for a given method we suggest calculating Q(0)f(eta) for multiple parameterizations using some a priori distribution. C1 [Ford, Sean R.; Dreger, Douglas S.; Mayeda, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Walter, William R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Malagnini, Luca] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Phillips, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ford, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013; Ford, Sean/F-9191-2011 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; Ford, Sean/0000-0002-0376-5792 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 2033 EP 2046 DI 10.1785/0120070218 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 335AB UT WOS:000258262100030 ER PT J AU Tkalcic, H Rodgers, AJ Rawlinson, N McEwan, DJ Snelson, CM AF Tkalcic, Hrvoje Rodgers, Arthur J. Rawlinson, Nicholas McEwan, Darlene J. Snelson, Catherine M. TI Teleseismic travel-time delays in the Las Vegas basin SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEVADA; VALLEY; CONSTRAINTS; WAVES; RANGE AB A temporary broadband seismic array was deployed in the Las Vegas basin (LVB), home to one of the fastest growing communities in the United States, to investigate structure in this deep (similar to 5 km) sedimentary basin. To constrain basin velocity structure, we measured the differential travel time of teleseismic P waves by waveform cross correlation relative to a station near the basin's edge. The range of the travel-time delays is significant (up to 0.5 see), and the pattern of travel-time delays is independent of the back azimuth of the incoming energy, suggesting that the near-surface structure controls the delay times. Assuming the reported basin geometry of Langenheim et al. (2001), we modeled the average delay times at the basin stations to estimate the average P-wave velocity structure within the basin. The average times can be modeled with relatively fast P-wave velocities (4.5 km/sec) in the deepest part of the basin (below 2 km), which is in agreement with the P-wave velocities of the deep part of the basin from recent seismic refraction profiling (Snelson et al., 2004) and low velocities (1.5 km/sec) in the shallow basin (200 in). We also performed computations based on the fast marching method approach to solve the forward problem and inversion for basin geometry. This method is used to map the travel-time residual information extracted from the array to variations in subsurface seismic structure. While the coverage of teleseismic data is insufficient to independently resolve the steeply dipping footwall of the basin in its eastern part, we found that the footwall block is likely to be shifted farther west than indicated by the gravimetry-based model. The basin edge is probably related to the Frenchman Mountain fault and its inferred location closer to Las Vegas will result in stronger ground motion during an earthquake. We report site response from teleseismic earthquakes and compare it with previously published site response from regional earthquakes using the standard spectral ratio method. The useful bandwidth of large teleseismic and regional events for standard spectral ratio measurements is 0.1-1.0 and 0.2-5.0 Hz, respectively. Remarkably, we find excellent agreement between the two measurement types within the overlapping frequency band (0.2-1.0 Hz). This indicates that the amplification arises from the structure in the immediate vicinity of the recording station, regardless of the nature of the incoming energy-vertically propagating teleseismic S body waves or horizontally propagating regional surface waves. The results of these investigations indicate that low velocities are present near the surface in LVB, likely related to relatively recent (Quaternary) alluvial and lakebed sediments at the surface. Fast velocities in the deeper basin probably result from older formations. C1 [Tkalcic, Hrvoje; Rawlinson, Nicholas] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rodgers, Arthur J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Energy Sci Dept, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McEwan, Darlene J.; Snelson, Catherine M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Tkalcic, H (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Hrvoje.Tkalcic@anu.edu.au RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Tkalcic, Hrvoje/E-8465-2013; OI Tkalcic, Hrvoje/0000-0001-7072-490X; Rawlinson, Nicholas/0000-0002-6977-291X NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 2047 EP 2060 DI 10.1785/0120050239 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 335AB UT WOS:000258262100031 ER PT J AU DeNardo, GL DeNardo, SJ Balhorn, R AF DeNardo, Gerald L. DeNardo, Sally J. Balhorn, Rod TI Systemic radiotherapy can cure lymphoma: A paradigm for other malignancies? SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE radionuclide; radiotherapy; antibody; solid cancers; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; radioimmunotherapy ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; B-CELL LYMPHOMAS; PHASE-II TRIAL; CARCINOEMBRYONIC-ANTIGEN RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; IODINE I-131 TOSITUMOMAB; HIGH-AFFINITY LIGANDS; REFRACTORY LOW-GRADE; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; BREAST-CANCER AB The cytocidal potency of a molecule can be augmented by conjugating a radionuclide for molecular targeted radionuclide therapy (MTRT) for cancer. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) should be incorporated into the management of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) soon after the patients have proven incurable. Better drugs, strategies, and combinations with other drugs seem certain to make RIT integral to the management of patients with NHL and likely to lead to a cure of the currently, incurable NHL. These improved drugs, strategies, and combinations thereof also offer opportunities for RIT to become part of the management of solid malignancies, including epithelial cancers. Smaller radionuclide carriers, such as those used for pretargeted strategies, provide dose intensification. The potential of pretargeted RIT to improve patient outcomes is striking. C1 [DeNardo, Gerald L.; DeNardo, Sally J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. [Balhorn, Rod] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP DeNardo, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, 1508 Alhambra Blvd,Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. EM gldenardo@ucdavis.edu FU National Cancer Institute [P01-CA47829]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [01-ERD-111, 01-ERD-046, 01-SI-012, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant P01-CA47829 and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Awards 01-ERD-111, 01-ERD-046, and 01-SI-012. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was presented, in part, at the "Nuclear Medicine Tomorrow Conference," March 30-April 2, 2008 in Nantes, France. We wish to thank B. Petitt for manuscript preparation. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1089/cbr.2007.0523-U PG 15 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 347US UT WOS:000259167300001 PM 18771343 ER PT J AU DeNardo, G Mirick, G Hok, S DeNardo, S Natarajan, A Lightstone, F Balhorn, R AF DeNardo, G. Mirick, G. Hok, S. DeNardo, S. Natarajan, A. Lightstone, F. Balhorn, R. TI Transport and cytotoxicity of selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) in cells and xenografts SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 16-18, 2008 CL Parsippany, NJ C1 [DeNardo, G.; Mirick, G.; DeNardo, S.; Natarajan, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hok, S.; Lightstone, F.; Balhorn, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 MA 08 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 347US UT WOS:000259167300020 ER PT J AU Green, DJ Pagel, JM Nemecek, ER Pantelias, A Lin, Y Kenoyer, AL Fisher, DR Wilbur, DS Hamlin, DK Gopal, AK Press, OW AF Green, D. J. Pagel, J. M. Nemecek, E. R. Pantelias, A. Lin, Y. Kenoyer, A. L. Fisher, D. R. Wilbur, D. S. Hamlin, D. K. Gopal, A. K. Press, O. W. TI Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) with an anti-CD45 fusion protein to improve radionuclide delvery in nonhuman primates SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 16-18, 2008 CL Parsippany, NJ C1 [Green, D. J.; Pagel, J. M.; Pantelias, A.; Lin, Y.; Kenoyer, A. L.; Gopal, A. K.; Press, O. W.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Nemecek, E. R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Fisher, D. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Green, D. J.; Pagel, J. M.; Wilbur, D. S.; Hamlin, D. K.; Gopal, A. K.; Press, O. W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 MA 28 BP 522 EP 522 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 347US UT WOS:000259167300040 ER PT J AU Stemke-Hale, K Gonzalez-Angulo, AM Lluch, A Neve, RM Kuo, WL Davies, M Carey, M Hu, Z Guan, Y Sahin, A Symmans, WF Pusztai, L Nolden, LK Horlings, H Berns, K Hung, MC van de Vijver, MJ Valero, V Gray, JW Bernards, R Mills, GB Hennessy, BT AF Stemke-Hale, Katherine Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana Maria Lluch, Ana Neve, Richard M. Kuo, Wen-Lin Davies, Michael Carey, Mark Hu, Zhi Guan, Yinghui Sahin, Aysegul Symmans, W. Fraser Pusztai, Lajos Nolden, Laura K. Horlings, Hugo Berns, Katrien Hung, Mien-Chie van de Vijver, Marc J. Valero, Vicente Gray, Joe W. Bernards, Rene Mills, Gordon B. Hennessy, Bryan T. TI Integrative genomic and proteomic analysis of PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT mutations in breast cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; TRASTUZUMAB RESISTANCE; GENE; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; CARCINOMA; PATHWAY; TECHNOLOGY; MECHANISM; CORRELATE AB Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway aberrations are common in cancer. By applying mass spectroscopybased sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays to 547 human breast cancers and 41 cell lines, we determined the subtype specificity and signaling effects of PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN mutations and the effects of PIK3CA mutations on responsiveness to PI3K inhibition in vitro and on outcome after adjuvant tamoxifen. PIK3CA mutations were more common in hormone receptor-positive (34.5%) and HER2positive (22.7%) than in basal-like tumors (8.3%). AKT-1 (1.4%) and PTEN (2.3%) mutations were restricted to hormone receptor-positive cancers. Unlike AKTI mutations that were absent from cell lines, PIK3CA (39%) and PTEN (20%) mutations were more common in cell lines than tumors, suggesting a selection for these but not AKT.1 mutations during adaptation to culture. PIK3CA mutations did not have a significant effect on outcome after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in 157 hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. PIK3CA mutations, in comparison with PTEN loss and AKTI mutations, were associated with significantly less and inconsistent activation of AKT and of downstream PI3K/AKT signaling in tumors and cell lines. PTEN loss and PIK3CA mutation were frequently concordant, suggesting different contributions to pathophysiology. PTEN loss rendered cells significantly more sensitive to growth inhibition by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 than did PIK3CA mutations. Thus, PI3K pathway aberrations likely play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of different breast cancer subtypes. The specific aberration present may have implications for the selection of PI3K-targeted therapies in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. C1 [Hennessy, Bryan T.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stemke-Hale, Katherine; Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana Maria; Davies, Michael; Carey, Mark; Nolden, Laura K.; Mills, Gordon B.; Hennessy, Bryan T.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Syst Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana Maria; Pusztai, Lajos; Valero, Vicente] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Davies, Michael] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Melanoma Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sahin, Aysegul; Symmans, W. Fraser] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hung, Mien-Chie] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stemke-Hale, Katherine; Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana Maria; Davies, Michael; Carey, Mark; Mills, Gordon B.; Hennessy, Bryan T.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Kleberg Ctr Mol Markers, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lluch, Ana] Univ Valencia, Clin Hosp, Valencia, Spain. [Neve, Richard M.; Kuo, Wen-Lin; Hu, Zhi; Guan, Yinghui; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Horlings, Hugo; van de Vijver, Marc J.] Netherlands Canc Inst, Div Expt Therapy, NL-1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Berns, Katrien; Bernards, Rene] Netherlands Canc Inst, Div Mol Carcinogenesis, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Berns, Katrien; Bernards, Rene] Netherlands Canc Inst, Ctr Biomed Genet, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Hennessy, BT (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Med Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bhennessy@mdanderson.org RI Stemke-Hale, Katherine/K-9113-2013; OI Stemke-Hale, Katherine/0000-0002-1231-4192; Bernards, Rene/0000-0001-8677-3423 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA098258, 1K23CA121994-01, 1R21CA120248-01, K23 CA121994, K23 CA121994-01, P01 CA099031, P01 CA099031-05, P01CA099031, P30 CA016672, P30 CA016672-32, P30CA16672, P50 CA 58207, P50 CA058207, P50 CA058207-13, P50 CA083639, P50 CA083639-010004, P50CA083639, R01 CA109311, R21 CA120248, R21 CA120248-01, U54 CA 112970, U54 CA112970, U54 CA112970-04] NR 25 TC 470 Z9 479 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 15 BP 6084 EP 6091 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6854 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 333UI UT WOS:000258177600010 PM 18676830 ER PT J AU Barkan, D Kleinman, H Simmons, JL Asmussen, H Kamaraju, AK Hoenorhoff, MJ Liu, ZY Costes, SV Cho, EH Lockett, S Khanna, C Chambers, AF Green, JE AF Barkan, Dalit Kleinman, Hynda Simmons, Justin L. Asmussen, Holly Kamaraju, Anil K. Hoenorhoff, Mark J. Liu, Zi-yao Costes, Sylvain V. Cho, Edward H. Lockett, Stephen Khanna, Chand Chambers, Ann F. Green, Jeffrey E. TI Inhibition of metastatic outgrowth from single dormant tumor cells by targeting the cytoskeleton SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE CULTURES; MAMMARY-CARCINOMA CELLS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; IN-VIVO; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; BONE-MARROW; GROWTH AB Metastatic breast cancer may emerge from latent tumor cells that remain dormant at disseminated sites for many years. Identifying mechanisms regulating the switch from dormancy to proliferative metastatic growth has been elusive due to the lack of experimental models of tumor cell dormancy. We characterized the in vitro growth characteristics of cells that exhibit either dormant (D2.0R, MCF-7, and K7M2AS1.46) or proliferative (D2A1, MDA-MB-231, and K7M2) metastatic behavior in vivo. Although these cells proliferate readily in two-dimensional culture, we show that when grown in three-dimensional matrix, distinct growth properties of the cells were revealed that correlate to their dormant or proliferative behavior at metastatic sites in vivo. In three-dimensional culture, cells with dormant behavior in vivo remained cell cycle arrested with elevated nuclear expression of p16 and p27. The transition from quiescence to proliferation of D2A1 cells was dependent on fibronectin production and signaling through integrin beta 1, leading to cytoskeletal reorganization with filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fiber formation. We show that phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) by MLC kinase (MLCK) through integrin beta 1 is required for actin stress fiber formation and proliferative growth. Inhibition of integrin beta 1 or MLCK prevents transition from a quiescent to proliferative state in vitro. Inhibition of MLCK significantly reduces metastatic outgrowth in vivo. These studies show that the switch from dormancy to metastatic growth may be regulated, in part, through epigenetic signaling from the microenvironment, leading to changes in the cytoskeletal architecture of dormant cells. Targeting this process may provide therapeutic strategies for inhibition of the dormant-to-proliferative metastatic switch. C1 [Barkan, Dalit; Simmons, Justin L.; Asmussen, Holly; Kamaraju, Anil K.; Hoenorhoff, Mark J.; Liu, Zi-yao; Green, Jeffrey E.] NCI, Cell Biol & Genet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kleinman, Hynda] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial Dev Biol & Regenerat Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Khanna, Chand] NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Costes, Sylvain V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Canc Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cho, Edward H.; Lockett, Stephen] Sci Applicat Int Corp Frederick, Natl Canc Inst Fredrick, Image Anal Lab, Frederick, MD USA. [Chambers, Ann F.] London Reg Canc Program, London, ON, Canada. RP Green, JE (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol & Genet Lab, NIH, Bldg 37,Room 4054,37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jegreen@nih.gov RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013; Chambers, Ann/L-6285-2015; Cho, Edward/B-3727-2012 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389; Chambers, Ann/0000-0002-9509-5123; Cho, Edward/0000-0002-0278-334X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC005740-15] NR 45 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 15 BP 6241 EP 6250 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6849 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 333UI UT WOS:000258177600028 PM 18676848 ER PT J AU Fetterman, AJ Raitses, Y Keidar, M AF Fetterman, Abraham J. Raitses, Yevgeny Keidar, Michael TI Enhanced ablation of small anodes in a carbon nanotube arc plasma SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; GROWTH AB The ablation rate of a graphite anode is investigated as a function of anode diameter for a carbon nanotube arc plasma. It is found that anomalously high ablation occurs for small anode diameters. This result is explained by the formation of a positive anode sheath. The increased ablation rate due to this positive anode sheath could imply greater production rate for carbon nanotubes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fetterman, Abraham J.; Raitses, Yevgeny] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Keidar, Michael] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Fetterman, AJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, James Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM afetter@pppl.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1322 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.05.018 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 345HQ UT WOS:000258987500008 ER PT J AU Krumpelt, M Rossignol, C Liu, DJ AF Krumpelt, Michael Rossignol, Cecil Liu, Di-Jia TI Catalysis by single ions in a host lattice SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE single ion catalysis; platinum ions; ruthenium ions; perovskites; fuel reforming; GDC; LaCrO3 ID BONDS AB Heterogeneous catalytic reactions are commonly occurring on the surface of a finely dispersed catalyst. Here, evidence is presented that platinum on a gadolinium doped ceria matrix is present as individual Pt(2+) ions, which catalyze the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon molecules. Similarly, ruthenium substituted on the "B" site of LaCrO(3) is shown to oscillate between the plus three and zero oxidation states when exposed to a flowing stream of hydrocarbons, steam and air. In both cases, single hetero ions in a host lattice facilitate the catalytic reaction. C1 [Krumpelt, Michael; Rossignol, Cecil; Liu, Di-Jia] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krumpelt, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM krumpelt@anl.gov; djliu@anl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s10562-008-9520-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 323ZH UT WOS:000257486800003 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Chin, YH Kwak, JH Peden, CHF AF Kim, Do Heui Chin, Ya-Huei Kwak, Ja Hun Peden, Charles H. F. TI Promotional effects of H(2)O treatment on NO(x) storage over fresh and thermally aged Pt-BaO/Al(2)O(3) lean NO(x) trap catalysts SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Pt-BaO/Al(2)O(3); lean NO(x) trap catalyst; water treatment; BaAl(2)O4 ID SORPTION/DESORPTION PROCESSES; PARTICLE-SIZE; NO(X) STORAGE; REDUCTION; BAO/AL2O3; MECHANISM; REMOVAL; RELEASE AB A simple liquid water treatment applied to fresh and thermally aged Pt(2 wt%)-BaO(20 wt%)/Al(2)O(3) lean NO(x) trap catalysts at room temperature induces morphological and structural changes in the barium species as followed by XRD and TEM analysis. During the water treatment, liquid water sufficient to fill the catalyst pore volume is brought into contact with the samples. It was found that irrespective of the original barium chemical state (highly dispersed BaO or crystalline BaAl(2)O(4)), exposing the sample to this liquid water treatment promotes the formation of BaCO(3) crystallites (about 15-25 nm of its size) without changing the Pt particle size. Such transformations of the barium species are found to significantly promote NO(x) uptake from 250 to 450 C. The increase in the NO(x) uptake for the water-treated samples can be attributed to an enhanced Pt-Ba interaction through the redistribution of barium species. These results provide useful information for the regeneration of aged lean NO(x) trap catalysts since water is plentiful in the exhaust of diesel or lean-burn engines. C1 [Kim, Do Heui; Chin, Ya-Huei; Kwak, Ja Hun; Peden, Charles H. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM do.kim@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s10562-008-9505-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 323ZH UT WOS:000257486800007 ER PT J AU Chan, JW Lieu, DK Huser, T Li, RA AF Chan, James W. Lieu, Deborah K. Huser, Thomas Li, Ronald A. TI Non-invasive, label-free spectroscopic separation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their cardiac derivatives SO CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE human embryonic stem cells; cardiomyocytes; micro-Raman spectroscopy; non-invasive C1 [Chan, James W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Biophys Div, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Chan, James W.; Lieu, Deborah K.; Huser, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lieu, Deborah K.; Li, Ronald A.] Univ Calif Davis, Stem Cell Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lieu, Deborah K.; Li, Ronald A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huser, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, Ronald A.] Shriners Hosp Children N Amer, Inst Pediat Regenerat Med, Sacramento, CA USA. EM chan19@llnl.gov; ronaldli@ucdavis.edu RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1001-0602 J9 CELL RES JI Cell Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 DI 10.1038/cr.2008.220 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 366AF UT WOS:000260451000131 ER PT J AU Sanders, T Papas, P Veser, G AF Sanders, Tom Papas, Phae Veser, Goetz TI Supported nanocomposite catalysts for high-temperature partial oxidation of methane SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nanocatalysis; nanocomposite materials; high-temperature catalysis; catalytic partial oxidation; synthesis gas; hydrogen production ID POROUS-SILICA MATERIALS; REVERSE-FLOW REACTOR; SYNTHESIS GAS; GLASS-FIBERS; REACTION-MECHANISM; CO OXIDATION; COMBUSTION; MONOLITHS; PLATINUM; SYNGAS AB In order to utilize the vast potential of nanoparticles for industrial catalysis, it is necessary to develop methods to stabilize these particles at realistic technical conditions and to formulate nano particle-based catalysts in a way that facilitates handling and reduces health and safety concerns. We have previously demonstrated that metal nanoparticles can be efficiently stabilized by embedding them into a high-temperature stable nanocomposite structure. Building onto these results, we report here on I he next step towards a simple, hierarchically structured catalyst via supporting platinum barium-hexaaluminate (Pt-BHA) nanocomposites onto a range of different conventional and novel support structures (monoliths, foams, and felts). The catalysts were characterized via SEM, TEM, XRD, porosimetry, chemisorption, and reactive tests in catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas (CPOM), and compared to conventionally prepared Pt-catalysts. In particular silica felt supported Pt-BHA showed excellent activity and selectivity combined with good stability and very low noble metal requirement at the demanding high-temperature conditions of short-contact time CPOM. Overall, we see great potential for these supported nanocomposite catalysts for use in demanding environments, such as high-temperature, high-throughput conditions in fuel processing and similar energy-related applications. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanders, Tom; Papas, Phae; Veser, Goetz] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Veser, Goetz] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Veser, G (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, 1232 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM gveser@engr.pitt.edu RI Veser, Goetz/I-5727-2013 FU Department of Energy-Hydrogen Fuel Initiative [DE FG02 05ER46233] FX Financial support by the Department of Energy-Hydrogen Fuel Initiative through grant #DE FG02 05ER46233 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the University of Pittsburgh Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science for access to the electron microscopy instrumentation. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 142 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2008.04.018 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 343JT UT WOS:000258850200012 ER PT J AU Teck-Ghee, L Wong, CY Lee-Shien, W AF Teck-Ghee, Lee Wong Cheuk-Yin Lee-Shien, Wang TI Peculiar features of the interaction potential between hydrogen and antihydrogen at intermediate separations SO CHINESE PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE few-body problems; potential energy curve; perturbation theory; H-(H)over-bar interaction ID ATOMS; APPROXIMATION; ANTIPROTON; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB This paper evaluates the interaction potential between a hydrogen and an antihydrogen using the second-order perturbation theory within the framework of the four-body system in a separable two-body basis. It finds that the H-(H) over bar interaction potential possesses the peculiar features of a shallow local minimum located around interatomic separations of r similar to 6 a.u. and a barrier rising at r less than or similar to 5 a.u. C1 [Teck-Ghee, Lee; Wong Cheuk-Yin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Teck-Ghee, Lee] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Wong Cheuk-Yin] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Phys & Optoelect Technol, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Lee-Shien, Wang] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Teck-Ghee, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10575024]; Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10575024), and in part by the Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Energy (Grant No DE-AC05-00OR22725) managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1674-1056 EI 1741-4199 J9 CHINESE PHYS B JI Chin. Phys. B PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2897 EP 2908 DI 10.1088/1674-1056/17/8/024 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338BP UT WOS:000258480200024 ER PT J AU Kraus, GA AF Kraus, George A. TI Synthetic methods for the preparation of 1,3-propanediol SO CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER LA English DT Review DE fermentation; hydroformylation; 1,3-propanediol; synthesis ID SELECTIVE DEOXYGENATION; GLYCEROL; CONVERSION; HYDROGENOLYSIS; HYDROGENATION; WATER AB The market for 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is currently over 100 million pounds per year and is growing rapidly. PDO is a component of industrial polyesters such as Dupont's Sorona (R) and CDP Natureworks (R) or Shell Chemical's Corterra (TM). Markets for the polyester include thermoplastics, textiles, carpets, and upholstery. This paper reviews the methods for the production of 1,3-propanediol by focusing on four feedstocks: glycerol, ethylene oxide, acrolein, and glucose. C1 [Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kraus, George A.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kraus, GA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gakraus@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 9 U2 71 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-0650 J9 CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER JI Clean-Soil Air Water PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 648 EP 651 DI 10.1002/clen.200800084 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340HI UT WOS:000258636300011 ER PT J AU Sperber, KR Annamalai, H AF Sperber, K. R. Annamalai, H. TI Coupled model simulations of boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability, Part 1: Systematic errors and caution on use of metrics SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE tropical intraseasonal variability; Madden-Julian oscillation; Asian summer monsoon; model intercomparison; metrics ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTHERN SUMMER; MONSOON; NORTHWARD; OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability (BSISV) over the Asian monsoon region is more complex than its boreal winter counterpart, the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), since it also exhibits northward and northwestward propagating convective components near India and over the west Pacific. Here we analyze the BSISV in the CMIP3 and two CMIP2+ coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Though most models exhibit eastward propagation of convective anomalies over the Indian Ocean, difficulty remains in simulating the life cycle of the BSISV, as few represent its eastward extension into the western/central Pacific. As such, few models produce statistically significant anomalies that comprise the northwest to southeast tilted convection, which results from the forced Rossby waves that are excited by the near-equatorial convective anomalies. Our results indicate that it is a necessary, but not sufficient condition, that the locations the time-mean monsoon heat sources and the easterly wind shear be simulated correctly in order for the life cycle of the BSISV to be represented realistically. Extreme caution is needed when using metrics, such as the pattern correlation, for assessing the fidelity of model performance, as models with the most physically realistic BSISV do not necessarily exhibit the highest pattern correlations with observations. Furthermore, diagnostic latitude-time plots to evaluate the northward propagation of convection from the equator to India and the Bay of Bengal also need to be used with caution. Here, incorrectly representing extratropical-tropical interactions can give rise to "apparent" northward propagation when none exists in association with the eastward propagating equatorial convection. Despite these cautions, the use of multiple cross-checking diagnostics enables the fidelity of the simulation of the BSISV to be meaningfully assessed. C1 [Sperber, K. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Annamalai, H.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sperber, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sperber1@llnl.gov RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 65 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 345 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0367-9 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315WD UT WOS:000256910000015 ER PT J AU Caulfield, MP Li, S Lee, G Blanche, PJ Salarneh, WA Benner, WH Reitz, RE Krauss, RM AF Caulfield, Michael P. Li, Shuguang Lee, Gloria Blanche, Patricia J. Salarneh, Wael A. Benner, W. Henry Reitz, Richard E. Krauss, Ronald M. TI Direct determination of lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations by ion mobility analysis SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; ELECTROSPRAY; DENSITY; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; TRIAL; PANEL AB BACKGROUND: Current methods for measuring the concentrations of lipoprotein particles and their distributions in particle subpopulations are not standardized. We describe here and validate a new gas-phase differential electrophoretic macromolecular mobility-based method (ion mobility, or IM) for direct quantification of lipoprotein particles, from small, dense HDL to large, buoyant, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). METHODS: After an ultracentrifugation step to remove albumin, we determined the size and concentrations of lipoprotein particles in serum samples using IM. Scan time is 2 min and covers a particle range of 17.2-540.0 A. After scanning, data are pooled by totaling the particle number across a predetermined size range that corresponds to particular lipoprotein subclasses. IM results were correlated with those of standard methods for cholesterol and apolipoprotein analysis. RESULTS: Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for LDL particle size were < 1.0%. The intra- and interassay variation for LDL and HDL particle subfiraction measurements was <20%. IM-measured non-HDL correlated well with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The IM method provides accurate, reproducible, direct determination of size and concentration for a broad range of lipoprotein particles. Use of this methodology in studies of patients with cardiovascular disease and other pathologic states will permit testing of its clinical utility for risk assessment and management of these conditions. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Caulfield, Michael P.; Li, Shuguang; Lee, Gloria; Salarneh, Wael A.; Reitz, Richard E.] Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 USA. [Blanche, Patricia J.; Krauss, Ronald M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Benner, W. Henry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Caulfield, MP (reprint author), Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, 33608 Ortega Highway, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 USA. EM michael.p.caulfield@questdiagnostics.com NR 23 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1316 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.100586 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 332NQ UT WOS:000258090100007 PM 18515257 ER PT J AU Hwang, W Dec, J Sjoberg, M AF Hwang, Wontae Dec, John Sjoberg, Magnus TI Spectroscopic and chemical-kinetic analysis of the phases of HCCI autoignition and combustion for single- and two-stage ignition fuels SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI); engines; chemiluminescence; spectroscopy; chemical kinetics; single-stage ignition; two-stage ignition; iso-octane; primary reference fuel (PRF) ID OXIDATION; ISOOCTANE AB The temporal phases of autoignition and combustion in an HCCI engine have been investigated in both an all-metal engine and a matching optical engine. Gasoline, a primary reference fuel mixture (PRF80), and several representative real-fuel constituents were examined. Only PRF80, which is a two-stage ignition fuel, exhibited a "cool-flame" low-temperature heat-release (LTHR) phase. For all fuels, slow exothermic reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures raised the charge temperature to the hot-ignition point. In addition to the amount of LTHR. differences in this intermediate-temperature heat-release (ITHR) phase affect the fuel ignition quality. Chemiluminescence images of iso-octane show a weak and uniform light emission during this phase. This is followed by the main high-temperature heat-release (HTHR) phase. Finally, a "burnout" phase was observed, with very weak uniform emission and near-zero heat-release rate (HRR). To better understand these combustion phases, chemiluminescence spectroscopy and chemical-kinetic analysis were applied for the single-stage ignition fuel, iso-octane, and the two-stage fuel, PRF80. For both fuels, the spectrum obtained during the ITHR phase was dominated by formaldehyde chemiluminescence. This was similar to the LTHR spectrum of PRF80, but the emission intensity and the temperature were much higher, indicating differences between the ITHR and LTHR phases. Chemical-kinetic modeling clarified the differences and similarities between the LTHR and ITHR phases and the cause of the enhanced ITHR with PRF80. The HTHR spectra for both fuels were dominated by a broad CO continuum with some contribution from bands of HCO, CH, and OH. The modeling showed that the CO + O --> CO(2) + hv reaction responsible for the CO continuum emission tracks the HTHR well, explaining the strong correlation observed experimentally between the total chemiluminescence and HRR during the HTHR phase. It also showed that the CO continuum does not contribute to the ITHR and LTHR chemiluminescence. Bands of H(2)O and O(2) in the red and IR regions were also detected during the HTHR, which the data indicated were most likely due to thermal excitation. The very weak light emission in the "burnout" phase also appeared to be thermal emission from H(2)O and O(2). (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, Wontae; Dec, John; Sjoberg, Magnus] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hwang, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wthwang@stanfordalumni.org NR 40 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 387 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.019 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 335PI UT WOS:000258302100007 ER PT J AU Herbinet, O Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Herbinet, Olivier Pitz, William J. Westbrook, Charles K. TI Detailed chemical kinetic oxidation mechanism for a biodiesel surrogate SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE methyl decanoate; oxidation; biodiesel fuels; kinetic modeling; engine; low temperature ID FLOW DIFFUSION FLAME; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL-ENGINES; CETANE NUMBERS; RAPESEED OIL; EMISSIONS; DECOMPOSITION; COMBUSTION; PRESSURE; ETHYL AB A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed and used to study the oxidation of methyl decanoate, a surrogate for biodiesel fuels. This model has been built by following the rules established by Curran and co-workers for the oxidation of n-heptane and it includes all the reactions known to be pertinent to both low and high temperatures. Computed results have been compared with methyl decanoate experiments in an engine and oxidation of rapeseed oil methyl esters in a jet-stirred reactor. An important feature of this mechanism is its ability to reproduce the early formation of carbon dioxide that is unique to biofuels and due to the presence of the ester group in the reactant. The model also predicts ignition delay times and OH profiles very close to observed values in shock tube experiments fueled by n-decane. These model capabilities indicate that large n-alkanes can be good surrogates for large methyl esters and biodiesel fuels to predict overall reactivity, but some kinetic details, including early CO2 production from biodiesel fuels, can be predicted only by a detailed kinetic mechanism for a true methyl ester fuel. The present methyl decanoate mechanism provides a realistic kinetic tool for simulation of biodiesel fuels. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Herbinet, Olivier; Pitz, William J.; Westbrook, Charles K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pitz, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pitz1@llnl.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010; herbinet, olivier/H-2571-2013; OI herbinet, olivier/0000-0002-2155-098X NR 39 TC 221 Z9 230 U1 5 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 507 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.003 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 335PI UT WOS:000258302100015 ER PT J AU Sabourin, JL Risha, GA Yetter, RA Son, SF Tappan, BC AF Sabourin, J. L. Risha, G. A. Yetter, R. A. Son, S. F. Tappan, B. C. TI Combustion characteristics of nanoaluminum, liquid water, and hydrogen peroxide mixtures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE aluminum; combustion; water; hydrogen peroxide; nanoaluminum; burning rate; efficiency ID NON-INERT COATINGS; ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; HYBRID ROCKET; PARTICLES; DECOMPOSITION; IGNITION; POWDERS; AIR AB An experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of nanoaluminum (nAl), liquid water (H2O(1)), and hydrogen peroxide (14202) mixtures has been conducted. Linear and mass-burning rates as functions of pressure, equivalence ratio (Phi), and concentration of H2O2 in H2O(1) oxidizing solution are reported. Steady-state burning rates were obtained at room temperature using a windowed pressure vessel over an initial pressure range of 0.24 to 12.4 MPa in argon, using average nAl particle diameters of 38 nm, Phi from 0.5 to 1.3, and H2O2 concentrations between 0 and 32% by mass. At a nominal pressure of 3.65 MPa, under stoichiometric conditions, mass-burning rates per unit area ranged between 6.93 g/cm(2) s (0% H2O2) and 37.04 g/cm(2) s (32% H2O2), which corresponded to linear burning rates of 9.58 and 58.2 cm/s, respectively. Burning rate pressure exponents of 0.44 and 0.38 were found for stoichiometric mixtures at room temperature containing 10 and 25% H2O2, respectively, up to 5 MPa. Burning rates are reduced above similar to 5 MPa due to the pressurization of interstitial spaces of the packed reactant mixture with argon gas, diluting the fuel and oxidizer mixture. Mass burning rates were not measured above similar to 32% H2O2 due to an anomalous burning phenomena, which caused overpressurization within the quartz sample holder, leading to tube rupture. High-speed imaging displayed fingering or jetting ahead of the normal flame front. Localized pressure measurements were taken along the sample length, determining that the combustion process proceeded as a normal deflagration prior to tube rupture, without significant pressure buildup within the tube. In addition to burning rates, chemical efficiencies of the combustion reaction were determined to be within approximately 10% of the theoretical maximum under all conditions studied. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabourin, J. L.; Yetter, R. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Risha, G. A.] Penn State Univ, Div Business & Engn, Altoona, PA 16601 USA. [Son, S. F.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tappan, B. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sabourin, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM jls861@psu.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.015 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 335PI UT WOS:000258302100020 ER PT J AU DuBois, MR DuBois, DL AF DuBois, Mary Rakowski DuBois, Daniel L. TI The role of pendant bases in molecular catalysts for H-2 oxidation and production SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Review DE electrocatalysts; hydrogen oxidation; hydrogen production; proton relays; nickel; iron ID HYDROGENASE ACTIVE-SITE; HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; NITROGEN BASES; X-RAY; DIPHOSPHINE LIGANDS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB The paper presents a review of recent studies of complexes of Ni(II) and Fe(II) coordinated by diphosphine ligands with amine bases incorporated into the ligand chelate rings. The role of the bases in the second coordination sphere in mediating rapid intramolecular M-H/N-H exchange as well as intermolecular exchange with protons and in promoting the coupling of proton- and electron-transfer processes has been studied. Factors that favor efficient proton relay properties for the pendant amines have been established and the information has been used to develop efficient electrocatalysts for both hydrogen oxidation and production. C1 [DuBois, Mary Rakowski; DuBois, Daniel L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP DuBois, MR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mary.rakowskidubois@pnl.gov; daniel.dubois@pnl.gov NR 51 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP 805 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2008.01.019 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 336VO UT WOS:000258393100003 ER PT J AU Fata, SN AF Fata, Sylvain Nintcheu TI Fast Galerkin BEM for 3D-potential theory SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary integral method; regular grid method; fast Fourier transform; fast algorithm; potential theory ID PRECORRECTED-FFT METHOD; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM AB This paper is concerned with the development of a fast spectral method for solving direct and indirect boundary integral equations in 3D-potential theory. Based on a Galerkin approximation and the Fast Fourier Transform, the proposed method is a generalization of the precorrected-FFT technique to handle not only single-layer potentials but also double-layer potentials and higher-order basis functions. Numerical examples utilizing piecewise linear shape functions are presented to illustrate the performance of the method. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fata, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nintcheufats@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s00466-008-0251-9 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 306NB UT WOS:000256254000007 ER PT J AU Buchmeier, MJ Kuhn, P AF Buchmeier, Michael J. Kuhn, Peter TI New tools to battle emerging viruses - Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Buchmeier, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Buchmeier, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kuhn, Peter] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kuhn, Peter] Stanford Med Sch, Stanford, CA USA. [Kuhn, Peter] Stanford Univ, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuhn, Peter] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Buchmeier, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM m.buchmeier@uci.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI065359, R01 AI059799, R01 AI059799-04, U54 AI065359-040004, N01 AI040058-700, N01 AI040058]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074961-040001, U54 GM074961] NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 360 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2008.07.003 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 345SX UT WOS:000259018000011 PM 18644462 ER PT J AU Sun, J Tsourakakis, CE Hoke, E Faloutsos, C Eliassi-Rad, T AF Sun, Jimeng Tsourakakis, Charalampos E. Hoke, Evan Faloutsos, Christos Eliassi-Rad, Tina TI Two heads better than one: pattern discovery in time-evolving multi-aspect data SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Conference on Machine Learning CY SEP 15, 2008-SEP 19, 2009 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM DE tensor; multilinear analysis; stream mining; wavelet AB Data stream values are often associated with multiple aspects. For example, each value observed at a given time- stamp from environmental sensors may have an associated type ( e. g., temperature, humidity, etc.) as well as location. Time- stamp, type and location are the three aspects, which can be modeled using a tensor ( highorder array). However, the time aspect is special, with a natural ordering, and with successive time- ticks having usually correlated values. Standard multiway analysis ignores this structure. To capture it, we propose 2 Heads Tensor Analysis ( 2- heads), which provides a qualitatively different treatment on time. Unlike most existing approaches that use a PCA- like summarization scheme for all aspects, 2- heads treats the time aspect carefully. 2- heads combines the power of classic multilinear analysis with wavelets, leading to a powerful mining tool. Furthermore, 2- heads has several other advantages as well: ( a) it can be computed incrementally in a streaming fashion, ( b) it has a provable error guarantee and, ( c) it achieves significant compression ratio against competitors. Finally, we show experiments on real datasets, and we illustrate how 2- heads reveals interesting trends in the data. This is an extended abstract of an article published in the Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery journal. C1 [Sun, Jimeng] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY USA. [Tsourakakis, Charalampos E.; Faloutsos, Christos] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hoke, Evan] Apple Comp Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. [Eliassi-Rad, Tina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY USA. EM jimeng@cs.cmu.edu OI Faloutsos, Christos/0000-0003-2996-9790 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10618-008-0112-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 335KY UT WOS:000258290700008 ER PT J AU Lehman, JM Michaud, EJ Schoeb, TR Aydin-Son, Y Miller, M Yoder, BK AF Lehman, Jonathan M. Michaud, Edward J. Schoeb, Trenton R. Aydin-Son, Yesim Miller, Michael Yoder, Bradley K. TI The Oak Ridge Polycystic Kidney mouse: Modeling ciliopathies of mice and men SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE cilia; ciliopathies; hair follicle; skin; IFT88 ID BARDET-BIEDL-SYNDROME; INTRAFLAGELLAR TRANSPORT PROTEINS; PLANAR CELL POLARITY; DISEASE GENE TG737; JOUBERT-SYNDROME; PRIMARY CILIUM; SENSENBRENNER-SYNDROME; ALSTROM-SYNDROME; SONIC HEDGEHOG; MECKEL-SYNDROME AB The Oak Ridge Polycystic Kidney (ORPK) mouse was described nearly 14 years ago as a model for human recessive polycystic kidney disease. The ORPK mouse arose through integration of a transgene into an intron of the Ift88 gene resulting in a hypomorphic allele (Ift88(Tg737Rpw)). The Ift88(Tg737Rp omega) mutation impairs intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process required for assembly of motile and immotile cilia. Historically, the primary immotile cilium was thought to have minimal importance for human health; however, a rapidly expanding number of human disorders have now been attributed to ciliary defects. Importantly, many of these phenotypes are present and can be analyzed using the ORPK mouse. In this review, we highlight the research conducted using the OPRK mouse and the phenotypes shared with human cilia disorders. Furthermore, we describe an additional follicular dysplasia phenotype in the ORPK mouse, which alongside the ectodermal dysplasias seen in human Ellis-van Creveld and Sensenbrenner's syndromes, suggests an unappreciated role for primary cilia in the skin and hair follicle. C1 [Lehman, Jonathan M.; Yoder, Bradley K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Cell Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Michaud, Edward J.; Aydin-Son, Yesim; Miller, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Schoeb, Trenton R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Yoder, BK (reprint author), MCLM688,1918 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM byoder@uab.edu RI AYDIN SON, Yesim/F-5879-2011 OI AYDIN SON, Yesim/0000-0002-8118-4272 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NIH [DK65655, DK62758] FX We thank Drs. Lisa Guay-Woodford and Courtney J. Haycraft for valuable discussions and for their critical reading of and comments on the manuscript. We thank the UAB Comparative Pathology Laboratory for histology services. E.J.M. was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy and B.K.Y. was funded by the NIH. Energy DE-AC05-00OR22725 and B.K.Y. was funded by the NIH DK65655, DK62758. NR 94 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-8388 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 237 IS 8 BP 1960 EP 1971 DI 10.1002/dvdy.21515 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 338CJ UT WOS:000258482300003 PM 18366137 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, S Parton, W Stohlgren, T Zheng, DL Bachelet, D Prince, S Hibbard, K Olson, R AF Del Grosso, Stephen Parton, William Stohlgren, Thomas Zheng, Daolan Bachelet, Dominique Prince, Stephen Hibbard, Kathy Olson, Richard TI Global potential net primary production predicted from vegetation class, precipitation, and temperature SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem modeling; global NPP; Miami model; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) model; nitrogen losses; water stress ID CLIMATE; FOREST; WATER; GRASSLAND; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Net primary production (NPP), the difference between CO2 fixed by photosynthesis and CO2 lost to autotrophic respiration, is one of the most important components of the carbon cycle. Our goal was to develop a simple regression model to estimate global NPP using climate and land cover data. Approximately 5600 global data points with observed mean annual NPP, land cover class, precipitation, and temperature were compiled. Precipitation was better correlated with NPP than temperature, and it explained much more of the variability in mean annual NPP for grass- or shrub-dominated systems (r(2) = 0.68) than for tree-dominated systems (r(2) = 0.39). For a given precipitation level, tree-dominated systems had significantly higher NPP (similar to 100-150 g C center dot m(-2)center dot yr(-1)) than non-tree-dominated systems. Consequently, previous empirical models developed to predict NPP based on precipitation and temperature (e. g., the Miami model) tended to overestimate NPP for non-tree-dominated systems. Our new model developed at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (the NCEAS model) predicts NPP for tree-dominated systems based on precipitation and temperature; but for non-tree-dominated systems NPP is solely a function of precipitation because including a temperature function increased model error for these systems. Lower NPP in non-tree-dominated systems is likely related to decreased water and nutrient use efficiency and higher nutrient loss rates from more frequent. re disturbances. Late 20th century aboveground and total NPP for global potential native vegetation using the NCEAS model are estimated to be similar to 28 Pg and similar to 46 Pg C/yr, respectively. The NCEAS model estimated an similar to 13% increase in global total NPP for potential vegetation from 1901 to 2000 based on changing precipitation and temperature patterns. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen; Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zheng, Daolan] Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Prince, Stephen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hibbard, Kathy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Terr Sci Sect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olson, Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del Grosso, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu NR 28 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 11 U2 95 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2117 EP 2126 DI 10.1890/07-0850.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334QN UT WOS:000258236400006 PM 18724722 ER PT J AU Casper, BB Bentivenga, SP Ji, BM Doherty, JH Edenborn, HM Gustafson, DJ AF Casper, Brenda B. Bentivenga, Stephen P. Ji, Baoming Doherty, Jennifer H. Edenborn, Harry M. Gustafson, Danny J. TI Plant-soil feedback: Testing the generality with the same grasses in serpentine and prairie soils SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii; arbuscular mycorrhizae; root pathogens; Schizachyrium scoparium; serpentine grassland; Sorghastrum nutans; Sporobolus heterolepis; tallgrass prairie ID COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; ROOTS; BIOTA; PATHOGENS; CONTRIBUTES; COEXISTENCE; POPULATION; GRASSLANDS; SUCCESSION AB Plants can alter soil properties in ways that feed back to affect plant performance. The extent that plant-soil feedback affects co-occurring plant species differentially will determine its impact on plant community structure. Whether feedback operates consistently across similar plant communities is little studied. Here, the same grasses from two eastern U. S. serpentine grasslands and two midwestern tallgrass prairie remnants were examined for plant-soil feedback in parallel greenhouse experiments. Native soils were homogenized and cultured (trained) for a year with each of the four grasses. Feedback was evaluated by examining biomass variation in a second generation of (tester) plants grown in the trained soils. Biomass was lower in soils trained by conspecifics compared to soils trained by heterospecifics in seven of 15 possible cases; biomass was greater in conspecific soils in one other. Sorghastrum nutans exhibited lower biomass in conspecific soils for all four grasslands, so feedback may be characteristic of this species. Three cases from the Hayden prairie site were explained by trainer species having similar effects across all tester species so the relative performance of the different species was little affected; plants were generally larger in soils trained by Andropogon gerardii and smaller in soils trained by S. nutans. Differences among sites in the incidence of feedback were independent of serpentine or prairie soils. To explore the causes of the feedback, several soil factors were measured as a function of trainer species: nutrients and pH, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore communities, root colonization by AM fungi and putative pathogens, and functional diversity in bacterial communities as indicated by carbon substrate utilization. Only variation in nutrients was consistent with any patterns of feedback, and this could explain the greater biomass in soils trained by A. gerardii at Hayden. Feedback at Nottingham (one of the serpentine sites) differed, most notably for A. gerardii, from that of similar past studies that used different experimental protocols. To understand the consequences of feedback for plant community structure, it is important to consider how multiple species respond to the same plant-induced soil variation as well as differences in the feedback detected between greenhouse and field settings. C1 [Casper, Brenda B.; Ji, Baoming; Doherty, Jennifer H.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bentivenga, Stephen P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Edenborn, Harry M.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Gustafson, Danny J.] Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Casper, BB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bcasper@sas.upenn.edu NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2154 EP 2164 DI 10.1890/07-1277.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334QN UT WOS:000258236400009 PM 18724725 ER PT J AU Cumbee, JC Gaines, KF Mills, GL Garvin, N Stephens, WL Novak, JM Brisbin, IL AF Cumbee, J. C., Jr. Gaines, K. F. Mills, G. L. Garvin, N. Stephens, W. L., Jr. Novak, J. M. Brisbin, I. L., Jr. TI Clapper rails as indicators of mercury and PCB bioavailability in a Georgia saltmarsh system SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aroclor 1268; clapper rail; mercury; PCB; superfund; trophic transfer ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; AROCLOR 1268; METHYLATION RATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COASTAL GEORGIA; METHYLMERCURY; ECOSYSTEM; WATER; FISH AB Clapper rails (Rallus longirostris) were used as an indicator species of estuarine marsh habitat quality because of their strong site fidelity and predictable diet consisting of mostly benthic organisms. Mercury (Hg) and the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1268 concentrations were determined for sediments, crabs, as well as clapper rail adults and chicks collected from salt marshes associated with the LCP Superfund site in Brunswick, Georgia. Home ranges were established for adult rails, and sediment and crab samples were taken from each individual's range. The study was designed to minimize the spatial variability associated with trophic transfer studies by choosing an endpoint species with a potentially small home range and specifically sampling its foraging range. The mean home range for clapper rails was 1.2 ha with a median of 0.28 ha. Concentrations of Hg and Aroclor 1268 were shown to increase with each trophic level. Transfer factors between media followed the same pattern for both contaminants with the highest between fiddler crabs and clapper rail liver. Hg and PCB transfer factors were similar between sediment to fiddler crab and fiddler crab to muscle, however the PCB transfer factor from fiddler crabs to liver was over twice as large as for Hg. PCB congener profiles did not significantly differ between media types. C1 [Gaines, K. F.; Novak, J. M.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Cumbee, J. C., Jr.; Mills, G. L.; Garvin, N.; Stephens, W. L., Jr.; Brisbin, I. L., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM kfgaines@eiu.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s10646-008-0202-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 315WH UT WOS:000256910400006 PM 18389370 ER PT J AU Xie, B Lee, HS Li, H Yang, XQ McBreen, J Chen, LQ AF Xie, B. Lee, H. S. Li, H. Yang, X. Q. McBreen, J. Chen, L. Q. TI New electrolytes using Li2O or Li2O2 oxides and tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane as boron based anion receptor for lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Li2O; Li2O2; anion acceptor; TPFPB; new electrolytes; lithium-ion batteries ID ADDITIVES; SALTS AB A new system of electrolytes has been developed and studied for lithium-ion batteries. This new system is based on the interactions between Li2O or Li2O2 and tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) in carbonate based organic solvents. This opens up a completely new approach in developing non-aqueous electrolytes. In general, the solubility of Li2O or Li2O2 is very low in organic solvents and the ionic conductivities of these solutions are almost undetectable. By adding certain amount of tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB), one type of boron based anion receptors (BBARs), the solubility of Li2O or Li2O2 in carbonate based solvents was significantly enhanced. In addition, the Li+ transference numbers of these new electrolytes measured were as high as 0.7, which are more than 100% higher than the values for the conventional electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The room-temperature conductivities are around 1 X 10(-3) S/cm. These new electrolytes are compatible with LiMn2O4 cathode for lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, B.; Li, H.; Chen, L. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Lee, H. S.; Yang, X. Q.; McBreen, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hli@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; xqyang@bnl.gov RI Li, Hong/C-4643-2008; Xie, Baoquan/A-1417-2012; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X; FU NSFC [50672122, 50730005]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies; US Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886]; [2006AA03Z346]; [2006AA03Z228]; [2007CB936501] FX The work in CAS was supported by NSFC (50672122, 50730005), "863" project (2006AA03Z346, 2006AA03Z228) and "973" Project (2007CB936501). The work at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems", of the US Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 9 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1195 EP 1197 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.043 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 345KA UT WOS:000258994100023 ER PT J AU Harris, J Diamond, R Iyer, M Payne, C Blumstein, C Siderius, HP AF Harris, Jeffrey Diamond, Rick Iyer, Maithili Payne, Christopher Blumstein, Carl Siderius, Hans-Paul TI Towards a sustainable energy balance: progressive efficiency and the return of energy conservation SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY LA English DT Article DE Appliances; Buildings; Energy consumption; Energy conservation Energy efficiency; Energy sufficiency; Progressive efficiency AB We argue that a primary focus on energy efficiency may not be sufficient to slow (and ultimately reverse) the growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions. Instead, policy makers need to return to an earlier emphasis on "conservation," with energy efficiency seen as a means rather than an end in itself. We briefly review the concept of "intensive" versus "extensive" variables (i.e., energy efficiency versus energy consumption) and why attention to both consumption and efficiency is essential for effective policy in a carbon-and oil-constrained world with increasingly brittle energy markets. To start, energy indicators and policy evaluation metrics need to reflect energy consumption, as well as efficiency. We introduce the concept of "progressive efficiency," with the expected or required level of efficiency varying as a function of house size, appliance capacity, or more generally, the scale of energy services. We propose introducing progressive efficiency criteria first in consumer information programs (including appliance labeling categories) and then in voluntary rating and recognition programs such as ENERGY STAR. As acceptance grows, the concept could be extended to utility rebates, tax incentives, and ultimately to mandatory codes and standards. For these and other programs, incorporating criteria for consumption, as well as efficiency, offers a path for energy experts, policymakers, and the public to begin building consensus on energy policies that recognize the limits of resources and global carrying capacity. Ultimately, it is both necessary and, we believe, possible to manage energy consumption, not just efficiency, in order to achieve a sustainable energy balance. Along the way, we may find it possible to shift expectations away from perpetual growth and toward satisfaction with sufficiency. C1 [Diamond, Rick; Iyer, Maithili; Payne, Christopher] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harris, Jeffrey] Alliance Save Energy, Washington, DC USA. [Blumstein, Carl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Siderius, Hans-Paul] SenterNovem, The Hague, Netherlands. RP Diamond, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg 90,Room 3074,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JHarris@ase.org; RCDiamond@lbl.gov; MIyer@lbl.gov; CTPayne@lbl.gov; blumstei@berkeley.edu; h.siderius@senternovem.nl FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; California Energy Commission FX This work was funded by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research Program. The views expressed in this paper are solely the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding institutions. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-646X J9 ENERG EFFIC JI Energy Effic. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s12053-008-9011-0 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V18IJ UT WOS:000207998200002 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH AF Thompson, L. H. TI Somatic cell genetics fostered DNA repair SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Thompson, L. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800005 ER PT J AU Sarker, AH Hazra, TK Das, A Haltiwanger, B Ng, C Nogales, E Mitra, S Cooper, PK AF Sarker, A. H. Hazra, T. K. Das, A. Haltiwanger, B. Ng, C. Nogales, E. Mitra, S. Cooper, P. K. TI Cellular complexes of TCR proteins, RNA polymerase II, and the BER glycosylase NEIL2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Sarker, A. H.; Haltiwanger, B.; Ng, C.; Nogales, E.; Cooper, P. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hazra, T. K.; Das, A.; Mitra, S.] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800008 ER PT J AU Trego, KS Chernikova, SB Ciobanu, DG Ng, C Tsutalkawa, SE Pluth, J Rydberg, BE Yannone, SM Cooper, PK AF Trego, K. S. Chernikova, S. B. Ciobanu, D. G. Ng, C. Tsutalkawa, S. E. Pluth, J. Rydberg, B. E. Yannone, S. M. Cooper, P. K. TI DNA-PK interacts with and phosphorylates XPG and is required for recovery of RNA synthesis after UV SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Trego, K. S.; Chernikova, S. B.; Ciobanu, D. G.; Ng, C.; Tsutalkawa, S. E.; Pluth, J.; Rydberg, B. E.; Yannone, S. M.; Cooper, P. K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800009 ER PT J AU Tainer, JA AF Tainer, J. A. TI XPD structural biology and insights into the cancer, development, and aging defects from XPD mutations SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Tainer, J. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, La Jolla, CA USA. [Tainer, J. A.] Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Tainer, J. A.] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800010 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Eskenazi, B Weldon, RH Young, S Schmid, TE Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F. Eskenazi, B. Weldon, R. H. Young, S. Schmid, T. E. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Micronutrients and antioxidant intake affect semen quality and genetic integrity of sperm in healthy non-smoking men SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Marchetti, F.; Schmid, T. E.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eskenazi, B.; Weldon, R. H.; Young, S.] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 524 EP 524 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800034 ER PT J AU Kottenstette, RJ Lewis, PR Rahimian, K Wheeler, DR Byrnes, JE AF Kottenstette, R. J. Lewis, P. R. Rahimian, K. Wheeler, D. R. Byrnes, J. E. TI Development of a hand-held gas chromatograph for detection of chemical hazards SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Kottenstette, R. J.; Lewis, P. R.; Rahimian, K.; Wheeler, D. R.; Byrnes, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800080 ER PT J AU Ayers, S Li, J Han, HJ Cai, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Ayers, S. Li, J. Han, H-J Cai, S. Kohwi-Shigematsu, T. TI Genome organizer SATB1 in DNA repair SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Ayers, S.; Li, J.; Han, H-J; Cai, S.; Kohwi-Shigematsu, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ayers, Stephen/O-4535-2014 OI Ayers, Stephen/0000-0003-1390-8969 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800088 ER PT J AU Langland, G Khan, IS Cowan, MJ Povirk, LF Yannone, SM AF Langland, G. Khan, I. S. Cowan, M. J. Povirk, L. F. Yannone, S. M. TI Artemis nuclease function at blocked DNA termini and intervention to sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation and chemical therapies SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Langland, G.; Khan, I. S.; Yannone, S. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Povirk, L. F.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. [Cowan, M. J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 544 EP 544 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800108 ER PT J AU Hang, B Budworth, H Sarker, AL Cooper, PK AF Hang, B. Budworth, H. Sarker, A. L. Cooper, P. K. TI Functional interaction of human TDG with FMRP and XPG in base excision repair of T/G mismatches SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Hang, B.; Budworth, H.; Sarker, A. L.; Cooper, P. K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Budworth, Helen/A-1327-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800117 ER PT J AU Polyzos, A Gundel, L Destaillats, H Marchetti, F AF Polyzos, A. Gundel, L. Destaillats, H. Marchetti, F. TI Longterm effects of first-hand and second-hand and smoke on sperm function and DNA integrity SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Polyzos, A.; Gundel, L.; Destaillats, H.; Marchetti, F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800122 ER PT J AU Lowe, X Marchetti, F Lu, X Wyrobek, AJ AF Lowe, X. Marchetti, F. Lu, X. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Central nervous system expression of troponin T 1 as a biomarker of neuropsychiatric stress after interferon-a, ionizing radiation and ktamine treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Lowe, X.; Marchetti, F.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lowe, X.] Kaiser Permanente Med Grp Inc, Hayward, CA USA. [Lu, X.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800123 ER PT J AU Hinz, JM Urbin, SS Thompson, LH AF Hinz, J. M. Urbin, S. S. Thompson, L. H. TI Homologous recombination contributes substantially to base-substitution mutagenesis in mammalian cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Hinz, J. M.; Urbin, S. S.; Thompson, L. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800128 ER PT J AU Raagopalan, S Nagarajan, P Mahadevan, B McDonald, H Matteson, KJ Venkatachalam, S AF Raagopalan, S. Nagarajan, P. Mahadevan, B. McDonald, H. Matteson, K. J. Venkatachalam, S. TI Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 and DNA damage response signalling SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Raagopalan, S.; Matteson, K. J.; Venkatachalam, S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [McDonald, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mahadevan, B.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Summit, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800132 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, S Poylzos, AA Bhatnagar, S Chu, SD Lowe, XR Marchetti, F Wyrobek, AJ AF Bhattacharya, S. Poylzos, A. A. Bhatnagar, S. Chu, S. D. Lowe, X. R. Marchetti, F. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Modeling the expression pathway controls of the radioadaptive response across tissues in mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Bhattacharya, S.; Poylzos, A. A.; Bhatnagar, S.; Chu, S. D.; Lowe, X. R.; Marchetti, F.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800140 ER PT J AU Henderson, PT Li, T Zhang, H Malfatti, M Ma, X Turteltaub, KW White, RWD Pan, CX AF Henderson, P. T. Li, T. Zhang, H. Malfatti, M. Ma, X. Turteltaub, K. W. White, R. W. de Vere Pan, C-X TI Towards personalized chemotherapeutics: Exploring variations in DNA damage/repair in cells and tumors treated with carboplatin using accelerator mass spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Henderson, P. T.; Li, T.; Zhang, H.; Pan, C-X] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Henderson, P. T.; Malfatti, M.; Turteltaub, K. W.; White, R. W. de Vere] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ma, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800141 ER PT J AU Whalen, MK Gurai, SK Zahed-Kargaran, H Pluth, JM AF Whalen, M. K. Gurai, S. K. Zahed-Kargaran, H. Pluth, J. M. TI Radiation quality dependent specific ATM-Mediated phosphorylation SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Whalen, M. K.; Gurai, S. K.; Zahed-Kargaran, H.; Pluth, J. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800139 ER PT J AU Meng, Q Hackfeld, L Hodge, R AF Meng, Q. Hackfeld, L. Hodge, R. TI Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of stereoisomers of 3-epoxybutane-1, 2-diol at low concentrations in TK6 cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 18-22, 2008 CL PR SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Meng, Q.] Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA USA. [Hackfeld, L.; Hodge, R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 341PG UT WOS:000258725800200 ER PT J AU Singh, B Hansen, BS Brown, MJ Pardyjak, ER AF Singh, Balwinder Hansen, Bradley S. Brown, Michael J. Pardyjak, Eric R. TI Evaluation of the QUIC-URB fast response urban wind model for a cubical building array and wide building street canyon SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE wind model; fast-response; urban dispersion modeling; street canyon ID NUMERICAL VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; DISPERSION MODEL; TUNNEL; SIMULATIONS; VALIDATION; FIELDS; FLOWS; RISE; CITY AB This paper describes the QUIC-URB fast response urban wind modeling tool and evaluates it against wind tunnel data for a 7 x 11 cubical building array and wide building street canyon. QUIC-URB is based on the Rockle diagnostic wind modeling strategy that rapidly produces spatially resolved wind fields in urban areas and can be used to drive urban dispersion models. Rockle-type models do not solve transport equations for momentum or energy; rather, they rely heavily on empirical parameterizations and mass conservation. In the model-experiment comparisons, we test two empirical building flow parameterizations within the QUIC-URB model: our implementation of the standard Rockle (SR) algorithms and a set of modified Rockle (MR) algorithms. The MR model attempts to build on the strengths of the SR model and introduces additional physically based, but simple parameterizations that significantly improve the results in most regions of the flow for both test cases. The MR model produces vortices in front of buildings, on rooftops and within street canyons that have velocities that compare much more favorably to the experimental results. We expect that these improvements in the wind field will result in improved dispersion calculations in built environments. C1 [Singh, Balwinder; Hansen, Bradley S.; Pardyjak, Eric R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Brown, Michael J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pardyjak, ER (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Room 2110, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM pardyjak@eng.utah.edu OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 FU Department of Homeland Security; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work has been supported by the Biological Countermeasures Office in the Department of Homeland Security and by the Joint Science Technology Office in the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 281 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s10652-008-9084-5 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 354WT UT WOS:000259671300001 ER PT J AU Edlund, A Hardeman, F Jansson, JK Sjoling, S AF Edlund, Anna Hardeman, Fredrik Jansson, Janet K. Sjoling, Sara TI Active bacterial community structure along vertical redox gradients in Baltic Sea sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TIDAL-FLAT SEDIMENTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; DNA-SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; DATABASE; DENMARK; CARBON AB Community structures of active bacterial populations were investigated along a vertical redox profile in coastal Baltic Sea sediments by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analysis. According to correspondence analysis of T-RFLP results and sequencing of cloned 16S rRNA genes, the microbial community structures at three redox depths (179, -64 and -337 mV) differed significantly. The bacterial communities in the community DNA differed from those in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelled DNA, indicating that the growing members of the community that incorporated BrdU were not necessarily the most dominant members. The structures of the actively growing bacterial communities were most strongly correlated to organic carbon followed by total nitrogen and redox potentials. Bacterial identification by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from clones of BrdU-labelled DNA and DNA from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that bacterial taxa involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling were metabolically active along the redox profiles. Several sequences had low similarities to previously detected sequences, indicating that novel lineages of bacteria are present in Baltic Sea sediments. Also, a high number of different 16S rRNA gene sequences representing different phyla were detected at all sampling depths. C1 [Edlund, Anna; Hardeman, Fredrik; Sjoling, Sara] Sodertom Univ Coll, Sch Life Sci, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden. [Edlund, Anna; Jansson, Janet K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hardeman, Fredrik] Karolinska Univ Hosp Huddinge, Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sjoling, S (reprint author), Sodertom Univ Coll, Sch Life Sci, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden. EM sara.sjoling@sh.se NR 45 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2051 EP 2063 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01624.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 327FR UT WOS:000257715500012 PM 18452546 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Cohan, DS Odman, MT Tonse, S AF Napelenok, S. L. Cohan, D. S. Odman, M. T. Tonse, S. TI Extension and evaluation of sensitivity analysis capabilities in a photochemical model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; decoupled direct method; CMAQ-DDM-3D; regional atmospheric modeling AB The decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) provides an efficient and accurate approach for probing the sensitivity of atmospheric pollutant concentrations to various changes in photochemical model inputs. The implementation of DDM-3D for the widely used Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was updated to account for recent changes in the base model and to include additional chemical mechanisms and advection schemes. The capabilities of CMAQ-DDM-3D were extended to enable execution using multiple processors in parallel and the computation of sensitivities to chemical reaction rate constants. The resulting direct sensitivity modeling system was tested for statistical agreement with the traditional difference method for calculating sensitivities, considering a summer episode in a domain covering the continental United States. Sensitivities to domain-wide and sector specific emissions, initial/boundary conditions, and chemical reaction rates were compared and found to be in good correlation for both primary and secondary air pollutants. The scalability of CMAQ-DDM-3D to the number of processors used in parallel was also examined. Sensitivity calculations were found to scale in a similar way to the base model, where the benefit to model runtime of adding more processors diminished for simulations that used more than eight processors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cohan, D. S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Odman, M. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tonse, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 994 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.11.004 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299QO UT WOS:000255770300004 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Oktay, SD Kada, J Olsen, CR AF Smith, Joseph P. Oktay, Sarah D. Kada, John Olsen, Curtis R. TI Iodine-131: A potential short-lived, wastewater-specific particle tracer in an urbanized estuarine system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; METAL DISTRIBUTIONS; TREATMENT-PLANT; COASTAL WATERS; SEDIMENTS; IODINE; SEWAGE; BAY; DEPOSITION AB The short-lived, fission-produced radioisotope, (131)I (t(1/2) = 8.04 days), was detected in wastewater, surficial sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected from New York Harbor (NYH) between 2001 and 2002. Iodine-131 is used as a radiopharmaceutical for medical imaging, diagnostics, and treatments for conditions of the thyroid. It is introduced into the municipal waste stream by medical facilities and patients and is subsequently released into the estuary via effluent. Measured (131)I activities in surface sediments were correlated with those of (7)Be (t(1/2) = 53.2 days), a naturally occurring radioisotope that is widely used to quantify particle dynamics, sediment focusing, and short-term sediment deposition and accumulation in aquatic systems. Surficial sediment (131)I activities were also compared with measured trace metal (Cu, Pb) and organic carbon (OC(sed)) concentrations which can be linked to wastewater inputs. These preliminary results from NYH introduce (131)I as a potentially valuable source-specific, short-lived biogeochemical tracer (timescales < 1 month) for particles, sediments, and wastewater-sourced contaminants in urbanized aquatic systems. C1 [Smith, Joseph P.; Oktay, Sarah D.; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Kada, John] US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5435 EP 5440 DI 10.1021/es800418c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100012 PM 18754457 ER PT J AU Peretyazhko, T Zachara, JM Heald, SM Kukkadapu, RK Liu, C Plymale, AE Resch, CT AF Peretyazhko, T. Zachara, J. M. Heald, S. M. Kukkadapu, R. K. Liu, C. Plymale, A. E. Resch, C. T. TI Reduction of Tc(VII) by Fe(II) sorbed on Al (hydr)oxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; WATER INTERFACE; 0001 SURFACE; TECHNETIUM; IRON; PERTECHNETATE; PRODUCTS; SOLUBILITY AB Under oxic conditions, Tc exists as the soluble, weakly sorbing pertechnetate [TcO(4)(-)] anion. The reduced form of technetium, Tc(IV), is stable in anoxic environments and is sparingly soluble as TcO(2)center dot nH(2)O(x). Here we investigate the heterogeneous reduction of Tc(VII) by Fe(II) adsorbed on Al (hydr)oxides [diaspore (alpha-AlOOH) and corundum (alpha-Al(2)O(3))]. Experiments were performed to study the kinetics of Tc(VII) reduction, examine changes in Fe surface speciation during Tc(VII) reduction (Mossbauer spectroscopy), and identify the nature of Tc(IV)-containing reaction products (X-ray absorption spectroscopy). We found that Tc(VII) was completely reduced by adsorbed Fe(II) within 11 (diaspore suspension) and 4 days (corundum suspension). Mossbauer measurements revealed that the Fe(II) signal became less intense with Tc(VII) reduction and was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the Fe(III) doublet and magnetically ordered Fe(III) sextet signals. Tc-EXAFS spectroscopy revealed that the final heterogeneous redox producton corundum was similarto Tc(IV) oxyhydroxide, TcO(2)center dot nH(2)O. C1 [Peretyazhko, T.; Zachara, J. M.; Kukkadapu, R. K.; Liu, C.; Plymale, A. E.; Resch, C. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Heald, S. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peretyazhko, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tetyana.peretyazhko@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5499 EP 5506 DI 10.1021/es8003156 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100022 PM 18754467 ER PT J AU Rajan, M Darrow, J Hua, M Barnett, B Mendoza, M Greenfield, BK Andrews, JC AF Rajan, Michael Darrow, Jeannine Hua, Michael Barnett, Brandy Mendoza, Miguel Greenfield, Ben K. Andrews, Joy C. TI Hg L(3) XANES study of mercury methylation in shredded Eichhornia crassipes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ALFALFA BIOMASS; WATER HYACINTH; AQUATIC PLANTS; MACROPHYTE; FISH; CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION AB Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a non-native plant found in abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter called Delta). This species has become a problem, clogging waterways and wetlands. Water hyacinth are also known to accumulate mercury. Recent attempts to curb its proliferation have included shredding with specialized boats. The purpose of this research isto better understand the ability of water hyacinth to phytoremediate mercury and to determine the effect of shredding and anoxic conditions on mercury speciation in plant tissue. In the field assessment, total mercury levels in sediment from the Dow Wetlands in the Delta were found to be 0.273 +/- 0.070 ppm Hg, and levels in hyacinth roots and shoots from this site were 1.17 +/- 0.08 ppm and 1.03 +/- 0.52 ppm, respectively, indicating bioaccumulation of mercury. Plant samples collected at this site were also grown in nutrient solution with I ppm HgCl(2) under (1) aerobic conditions, (2) anaerobic conditions, and (3)with shredded plant material only. The greatest accumulation was found in the roots of whole plants. Plants grown in these conditions were also analyzed at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory using Hg L(3) X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), a method to examine speciation that is element-specific and noninvasive. Least squares fitting of the XANES data to methylated and inorganic mercury(II) model compounds revealed that in plants grown live and aerobically, 5 +/- 3% of the mercury was in the form of methylmercury, in a form similar to methylmercury cysteine. This percentage increased to 16 +/- 4% in live plants grown anaerobically and to 22 +/- 6% in shredded anaerobic plants. We conclude that shredding of the hyacinth plants and, in fact, subjection of plants to anaerobic conditions (e.g., as in normal decay, or in crowded growth conditions) increases mercury methylation. Mechanical removal of the entire plant is significantly more expensive than shredding, but it may be necessary to avoid increased biomagnification of mercury in infested areas. C1 [Rajan, Michael; Darrow, Jeannine; Hua, Michael; Barnett, Brandy; Mendoza, Miguel; Andrews, Joy C.] Calif State Univ E Bay, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Greenfield, Ben K.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. RP Andrews, JC (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,SLAC MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@slac.stanford.edu RI Greenfield, Ben/A-2029-2015 OI Greenfield, Ben/0000-0003-1038-7635 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5568 EP 5573 DI 10.1021/es800284v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100032 PM 18754477 ER PT J AU Ulrich, KU Singh, A Schofield, EJ Bargar, JR Veeramani, H Sharp, JO Bernier-Latmani, R Giammar, DE AF Ulrich, Kai-Uwe Singh, Abhas Schofield, Eleanor J. Bargar, John R. Veeramani, Harish Sharp, Jonathan O. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Giammar, Daniel E. TI Dissolution of biogenic and synthetic UO(2) under varied reducing conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT REDOX CONDITIONS; OXIDIZING CONDITIONS; SPENT FUEL; URANIUM; SOLUBILITY; REDUCTION; CARBONATE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; MODEL AB The chemical stability of biogenic UO(2), a nanoparticulate product of environmental bioremediation, may be impacted by the particles' surface free energy, structural defects, and compositional variability,in analogy to abiotic UO(2+x) (0 <= x <= 0.25). This study quantifies and compares intrinsic solubility and dissolution rate constants of biogenic nano-UO(2) and synthetic bulk UO(2.00), taking molecular-scale structure into account. Rates were determined under anoxic conditions as a function of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon in continuous-flow experiments. The dissolution rates of biogenic and synthetic UO(2) solids were lowest at near neutral pH and increased with decreasing pH. Similar surface area-normalized rates of biogenic and synthetic UO(2) suggest comparable reactive surface site densities. This finding is consistent with the identified structural homology of biogenic UO(2) and stoichiometric UO(2.00). Compared to carbonate-free anoxic conditions, dissolved inorganic carbon accelerated the dissolution rate of biogenic UO(2) by 3 orders of magnitude. This phenomenon suggests continuous surface oxidation of U(IV) to U(VI), with detachment of U(VI) as the rate-determining step in dissolution. Although reducing conditions were maintained throughout the experiments, the UO(2) surface can be oxidized by water and radiogenic oxidants. Even in anoxic aquifers, UO(2) dissolution may be controlled by surface U(VI) rather than U(IV) phases. C1 [Ulrich, Kai-Uwe; Singh, Abhas; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Schofield, Eleanor J.; Bargar, John R.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Veeramani, Harish; Sharp, Jonathan O.; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Ulrich, KU (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM k.ulrich@seas.wustl.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Sharp, Jonathan/A-4893-2013; Veeramani, Harish/N-2783-2015 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Sharp, Jonathan/0000-0002-2942-1066; Veeramani, Harish/0000-0002-7623-209X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-29] NR 34 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5600 EP 5606 DI 10.1021/es800647u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100037 PM 18754482 ER PT J AU Zielinska, B Campbell, D Lawson, DR Ireson, RG Weaver, CS Hesterberg, TW Larson, T Davey, M Liu, LJS AF Zielinska, Barbara Campbell, David Lawson, Douglas R. Ireson, Robert G. Weaver, Christopher S. Hesterberg, Thomas W. Larson, Timothy Davey, Mark Liu, L. -J. Sally TI Detailed characterization and profiles of crankcase and diesel particulate matter exhaust emissions using speciated organics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEHICLES; OIL AB A monitoring campaign was conducted in August-September 2005 to compare different experimental approaches quantifying school bus self-pollution. As part of this monitoring campaign, a detailed characterization Of PM(2.5) diesel engine emissions from the tailpipe and crankcase emissions from the road draft tubes was performed. To distinguish between tailpipe and crankcase vent emissions, a deuterated alkane, n-hexatriacontane-d(74) (n-C(36)D(74)) was added to the engine oil to serve as an intentional quantitative tracer for lubricating oil PM emissions. This paper focuses on the detailed chemical speciation of crankcase and tailpipe PM emissions from two school buses used in this study. We found that organic carbon emission rates were generally higher from the crankcase than from the tailpipe for these two school buses, while elemental carbon contributed significantly only in the tailpipe emissions. The n-C36D74 that was added to the engine oil was emitted at higher rates from the crankcase than the tailpipe. Tracers of engine oil (hopanes and steranes) were present in much higher proportion in crankcase emissions. Particle-associated PAH emission rates were generally very low (<1 mu g/km), but more PAH species were present in crankcase than in tailpipe emissions. The speciation of samples collected in the bus cabins was consistent with most of the bus self-pollution originating from crankcase emissions. C1 [Zielinska, Barbara; Campbell, David] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ireson, Robert G.] Air Qual Management Consulting, Greenbrae, CA 94904 USA. [Weaver, Christopher S.] Engine Fuel & Emiss Engn Inc, Rancho Cordova, CA 95742 USA. [Hesterberg, Thomas W.] Int Truck & Engine Corp, Warrenville, IL 60555 USA. [Larson, Timothy] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Davey, Mark; Liu, L. -J. Sally] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Liu, L. -J. Sally] Univ Basel, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. RP Zielinska, B (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Barbara.Zielinska@dri.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012657-01A1, R01 ES012657-03, R01 ES012657, R01 ES012657-04, R01 ES012657-02, 1R01ES12657-01A1] NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5661 EP 5666 DI 10.1021/es703065h PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100045 PM 18754490 ER PT J AU Gallagher, NB Gassman, PL Blake, TA AF Gallagher, Neal B. Gassman, Paul L. Blake, Thomas A. TI Strategies for detecting organic liquids on soils using mid-infrared reflection spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLICATIVE SIGNAL CORRECTION; VAPOR CONCENTRATION-PATHLENGTH; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; PLUMES; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; ERROR; GAS AB Stand-off monitoring for chemical spills can provide timely information for cleanup efforts, and mid-infrared reflection spectroscopy is one approach being investigated for spill detection. Using laboratory data, anomaly and target detection strategies were examined for the detection of four different low volatility organic liquids on two different soil types. Several preprocessing and signal-weighting strategies were studied. Anomaly detection for C-H bands was good using second derivative preprocessing and provided similar performance to that of target detection approaches such as generalized least-squares and partial least-squares, with detections at soil loads of approximately 3-6 mu g/cm(2) areal dosage. Good performance was also found for the detection of P=O, O-H, and C=O stretching vibrational modes, but the optimal strategy varied. The simplicity and generality of anomaly detection is attractive; however, target detection provides more capability for classification. C1 [Gallagher, Neal B.] Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. [Gassman, Paul L.; Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gallagher, NB (reprint author), Eigenvector Res Inc, 160 Gobblers Knob Lane, Manson, WA 98831 USA. EM nealg@eigenvector.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5700 EP 5705 DI 10.1021/es8005404 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100051 PM 18754496 ER PT J AU Verce, MF Jayaraman, B Ford, TD Fisher, SE Gadgil, AJ Carlsen, TM AF Verce, Matthew F. Jayaraman, Buvaneswari Ford, Timothy D. Fisher, Scott E. Gadgil, Ashok J. Carlsen, Tina M. TI Minimizing decomposition of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for biological decontamination of galvanized steel ducting SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; VENTILATION DUCTS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; SUBTILIS SPORES; TURBULENT-FLOW; OZONE REMOVAL; SURFACES; VAPOUR AB The behavior of vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) was examined in clean, room-scale galvanized steel (GS) and polyvinylchloride-coated steel air ducts, to understand how it might be used to decontaminate larger ventilation systems. VHP injected into the GS duct decreased in concentration along the length of the duct, whereas VHP concentrations in the polyvinyl chloride coated duct remained essentially constant, suggesting that VHP decomposed at the GS surface. However, decomposition was reduced at lower temperatures (similar to 22 degrees C) and higher flow rates (similar to 80 actual cubic meter per hour). A computational fluid dynamics model incorporating reactive transport was used to estimate surface VHP concentrations where bioaerosol contamination is likely to reside, and also showed that VHP decomposition was enhanced at bends within the duct compared to straight sections. Use of G. stearothermophilus indicators, in conjunction with model estimates, indicated that a concentration-contact time of similar to 100 mg/L H(2)O(2)(g).min was required to achieve a 6 log reduction of indicator spores in clean GS duct, at 30 degrees C. When VHP is selected for building decontamination, this work suggests the most efficacious strategy may be to decontaminate GS ducting separately from the rest of the building, as opposed to a single decontamination event in which the ventilation system is used to distribute VHP throughout the entire building. C1 [Verce, Matthew F.; Ford, Timothy D.; Fisher, Scott E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Verce, Matthew F.; Ford, Timothy D.; Fisher, Scott E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Secur Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Carlsen, Tina M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Jayaraman, Buvaneswari; Gadgil, Ashok J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Verce, MF (reprint author), Care of Smith WJ, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-390, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mfverce@comcast.net OI Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5765 EP 5771 DI 10.1021/es702404g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100061 PM 18754506 ER PT J AU Sartorius, A Ruf, M Kief, C Demirakca, T Bailer, J Ende, G Henn, FA Meyer-Lindenberg, A Dressing, H AF Sartorius, Alexander Ruf, Matthias Kief, Christine Demirakca, Traute Bailer, Josef Ende, Gabriele Henn, Fritz A. Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas Dressing, Harald TI Abnormal amygdala activation profile in pedophilia SO EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; pedophilia; striato-limbic pathway; amygdala ID VISUAL SEXUAL STIMULI; BRAIN; PARAPHILIAS; SEROTONIN; MEMORY; FMRI; MEN; DISORDERS; OFFENDERS; SYSTEM AB Despite considerable public interest research in neurobiological correlates of pedophilia is scarce. Since amygdala activation is central for emotional valuation, arousal, and salience, we investigated the activation profile of this structure in 10 male subjects with pedophilia (exclusively attracted to boys), all convicted sex-offenders and sentenced to forensic psychiatric treatment along with ten male heterosexual matched controls. We used a sexually non-explicit functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigm with images of men, women, boys or girls randomly embedded in neutral target/non-target geometrical symbols. We applied statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) and SPSS 14 for image processing and analysis. While controls activated significantly less to pictures of children compared to adults, the activation profile was reversed in subjects with pedophilia, who exhibited significantly more activation to children than adults. The highest activation was observed for boys in the patient group, and for women in control participants. Our data show enhanced activation to children's pictures even in an incidental context and suggest the provocative hypothesis that a normally present mechanism for reduced emotional arousal for children relative to adults is reversed in pedophilia, suggesting a neural substrate associated with deviant sexual preference in this condition. More extensive research in this field would be of benefit for both the victims and the offenders. C1 [Sartorius, Alexander; Ruf, Matthias; Kief, Christine; Demirakca, Traute; Bailer, Josef; Ende, Gabriele; Henn, Fritz A.; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Dressing, Harald] Cent Inst Mental Hlth, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas] NIMH, Unit Syst Neurosci Psychiat, Clin Brain Disorders Branch, New York, NY USA. [Henn, Fritz A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Life Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dressing, H (reprint author), Cent Inst Mental Hlth, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. EM harald.dressing@zi-mannheim.de RI Ende, Gabriele/B-7012-2009; Sartorius, Alexander/E-3061-2012; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/H-1076-2011 OI Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/0000-0001-5619-1123 FU Rhineland-Palatine FX This study was funded by a grant from the Rhineland-Palatine ministry of labour and social affairs. Pedophile patients are treated in forensic security hospitals of Landeck (Director M. Noetzel, M. D.) and Andernach (Director W. Schuhmacher-Wandersleb M. D.). NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0940-1334 J9 EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N JI Eur. Arch. Psych. Clin. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 258 IS 5 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s00406-008-0782-2 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 339UI UT WOS:000258602400002 PM 18504635 ER PT J AU Arnold, S Goeke, K Metz, A Schweitzer, P Vogelsang, W AF Arnold, S. Goeke, K. Metz, A. Schweitzer, P. Vogelsang, W. TI Parity-violating spin asymmetries in polarized proton-proton scattering with hadronic final states SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIN Praha 2007 Meeting CY JUL 08-17, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, JINR Dubna, Charles Univ, Czech Technol Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tech Univ Liberec, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida ID PHYSICS AB Longitudinal, parity-violating single spin asymmetries in proton-proton collisions for RHIC kinematics are considered. The focus of this study is on the production of a single jet as well as a hadron containing a charm quark. While the asymmetry for jets is rather small, considerably larger effects can be expected for the production of charm because of the strongly reduced QCD background. The general outcome of a fixed order calculation is not much affected by the resummation of large threshold logarithms. C1 [Arnold, S.; Goeke, K.; Schweitzer, P.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. [Metz, A.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Vogelsang, W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Arnold, S (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. EM simone.arnold@tp2.rub.de NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 162 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00772-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 342CK UT WOS:000258762000006 ER PT J AU Chen, JP AF Chen, J. -P. TI Highlights and perspectives of the JLab spin physics program SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIN Praha 2007 Meeting CY JUL 08-17, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, JINR Dubna, Charles Univ, Czech Technol Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tech Univ Liberec, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida ID DEPENDENT STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON-PROTON-SCATTERING; QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SUM-RULES; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; NUCLEON; NEUTRON; Q(2)-DEPENDENCE; ASYMMETRIES AB Nucleon spin structure has been an active, exciting and intriguing subject of interest for the last three decades. Recent precision spin-structure data from Jefferson Lab have significantly advanced our knowledge of nucleon structure in the valence quark (high-x) region and improved our understanding of higher-twist effects, spin sum rules and quark-hadron duality. First, results of spin sum rules and polarizabilities in the low to intermediate Q(2) region are presented. Comparison with theoretical calculations, in particular with Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) calculations, are discussed. Surprising disagreements of ChPT calculations with experimental results on the generalized spin polarizability, (LT)-L-delta, were found. Then, precision measurements of the spin asymmetry, A(1), in the high-x region are presented. They provide crucial input for global fits to world data to extract polarized parton distribution functions. The up and down quark spin distributions in the nucleon were extracted. The results for Delta d/d disagree with the leading-order pQCD prediction assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results of precision measurements of the g(2) structure function to study higher-twist effects are presented. The data indicate a significant higher-twist (twist-3 or higher) effect. The second moment of the spin structure functions and the twist-3 matrix element d(2) results were extracted. The high Q2 result was compared with a Lattice QCD calculation. Results on the resonance spin-structure functions in the intermediate Q2 range are presented, which, in combination with DIS data, enable a detailed study of quark-hadron duality in spin-structure functions. Finally, an experiment to study neutron transversity and transverse spin asymmetries is discussed. A future plan with the 12 GeV energy upgrade at JLab is briefly outlined. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM jpchen@jlab.org NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 162 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00782-y PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 342CK UT WOS:000258762000016 ER PT J AU Bai, M AF Bai, M. TI RHIC polarized proton status and plan SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIN Praha 2007 Meeting CY JUL 08-17, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, JINR Dubna, Charles Univ, Czech Technol Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tech Univ Liberec, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) as the first high energy polarized proton collider has been providing collisions at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during the acceleration from injection to 100 GeV with careful control of the betatron tunes and the vertical orbit distortions. In the latest RHIC polarized proton run in 2006, a peak luminosity of 28 x 10(30) cm(-2) s(-1) with 60% average polarization at store was achieved. During the run, RHIC also demonstrated its capability in providing a combination of polarized proton collisions with longitudinal polarization and radial polarization were provided to the STAR experiment and PHENIX experiment with the local spin rotators installed on either side of the STAR detector and PHENIX detector. Polarized protons were also first accelerated to 250 GeV at the end of RHIC 2006 run with a 46% polarization measured at this new store energy in one of the RHIC accelerators. Currently, the luminosity in RHIC is limited by the beam-beam effect. The plan is to triple the luminosity. Plans to achieve polarized proton collision at 250 GeV are also reported. C1 BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 162 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00793-8 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 342CK UT WOS:000258762000027 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, I Alekseev, I Bazilevsky, A Bravar, A Bunce, G Dhawan, S Eyser, KO Gill, R Haeberli, W Huang, H Makdisi, Y Nass, A Okada, H Stephenson, E Svirida, DN Wise, T Wood, J Yip, K Zelenski, A AF Nakagawa, I. Alekseev, I. Bazilevsky, A. Bravar, A. Bunce, G. Dhawan, S. Eyser, K. O. Gill, R. Haeberli, W. Huang, H. Makdisi, Y. Nass, A. Okada, H. Stephenson, E. Svirida, D. N. Wise, T. Wood, J. Yip, K. Zelenski, A. TI RHIC polarimetry SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIN Praha 2007 Meeting CY JUL 08-17, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, JINR Dubna, Charles Univ, Czech Technol Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tech Univ Liberec, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida AB Polarimeters were developed to measure the polarization of the proton beam at RHIC in relative scale through the asymmetry measurement of the elastic proton-carbon scattering. Recoil carbon ions with kinetic energy of 400 <= E <= 900 keV were detected by silicon strip detectors installed at 90 degrees with respect to the beam. The absolute polarization is given by normalizing against another polarimeter implemented at RHIC, namely a polarized hydrogen gas jet polarimeter. In this report, the details of polarization measurements, data analysis, and systematic uncertainties are discussed based on the data taken during root s = 200 GeV operation of Run05 at RHIC. C1 [Nakagawa, I.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Nakagawa, I.; Bunce, G.] RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Svirida, D. N.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Bazilevsky, A.; Bunce, G.; Gill, R.; Huang, H.; Makdisi, Y.; Okada, H.; Wood, J.; Yip, K.; Zelenski, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bravar, A.] Univ Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Dhawan, S.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Eyser, K. O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Haeberli, W.; Wise, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nass, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Stephenson, E.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Nakagawa, I (reprint author), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM itaru@riken.jp RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 162 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00801-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 342CK UT WOS:000258762000035 ER PT J AU Moses, EI AF Moses, Edward I. TI Overview of the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will be the world's largest and most powerful laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments studying high energy density (HED) science. NIF is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility that will produce 1.8 MJ 500 TW of ultraviolet light making it over fifty times more energetic than present ICF facilities. The NIF Project began in 1995 and is scheduled for completion in 2009. Ignition experiments on NIF, which will use tritium, are scheduled to begin in 2010. Tritium will arrive at the facility in individual target assemblies. The assemblies will be mounted to the Cryogenic TARget POSitioner (TARPOS), which provides the cryogenic cooling systems necessary to complete the formation of the ignition target's fuel ice layer. It also provides the positioning system that transports and holds the target at the center of the NIF chamber during a shot. After a shot, unburned tritium will be captured by the cryopumps. Upon regeneration, the cryopump effluent will be directed to the Tritium Processing System, part of NIF's. Personnel and Environmental Protection Systems. These systems also include, local contamination control systems, area and stack tritium monitoring systems, a decontamination area, and waste packaging and characterization capability. This equipment will be used along with standard contamination control practices to manage the tritium hazard to workers and to limit releases to the environment to negligibly small amounts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200011 ER PT J AU Gentile, CA Kozub, T Langish, SW Ciebiera, LP Nobile, A Wermer, J Sessions, K AF Gentile, C. A. Kozub, T. Langish, S. W. Ciebiera, L. P. Nobile, A. Wermer, J. Sessions, K. TI Inertial fusion energy power reactor fuel recovery system SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB A conceptual design is proposed to support the recovery of un-expended fuel, ash, and associated post-detonation products resident in plasma exhaust from a similar to 2 G WIFE direct drive power reactor. The design includes systems for the safe and efficient collection, processing, and purification of plasma exhaust fuel components. The system has been conceptually designed and sized such that tritium bred within blankets, lining the reactor target chamber, can also be collected, processed, and introduced into the fuel cycle. The system will nominally be sized to process similar to 2 kg of tritium per day and is designed to link directly to the target chamber vacuum pumping system. An effort to model the fuel recovery system (FRS) using the Aspen Plus engineering code has commenced. The system design supports processing effluent gases from the reactor directly from the exhaust of the vacuum pumping system or in batch mode, via a buffer vessel in the Receiving and Analysis System. Emphasis is on nuclear safety, reliability, and redundancy as to maximize availability. The primary goal of the fuel recovery system design is to economically recycle components of direct drive IFE fuel. The FRS design is presented as a facility sub-system in the context of supporting the larger goal of producing safe and economical IFE power. C1 [Gentile, C. A.; Kozub, T.; Langish, S. W.; Ciebiera, L. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Nobile, A.; Wermer, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sessions, K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200013 ER PT J AU Ebey, PS Dole, JM Geller, DA Hoffer, JK Morris, J Nobile, A Schoonover, JR Wilson, D Bonino, M Harding, D Sangster, C Shmayda, W Nikroo, A Sheliak, JD Burmann, J Cook, B Letts, S Sanchez, J AF Ebey, Peter S. Dole, James M. Geller, Drew A. Hoffer, James K. Morris, John Nobile, Arthur Schoonover, Jon R. Wilson, Doug Bonino, Mark Harding, David Sangster, Craig Shmayda, Walter Nikroo, Abbas Sheliak, John D. Burmann, John Cook, Bob Letts, Steve Sanchez, Jorge TI Overview of recent tritium target filling, layering, and material testing at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of inertial fusion experiments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID CRYOGENIC PRESSURE LOADER; IGNITION; TEMPERATURE; GAS AB The Tritium Science and Engineering (AET-3) Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) performs a variety of activities to support Inertial Fusion (IF) research - both to further fundamental fusion science and to develop technologies in support of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power generation. Inertial fusion ignition target designs have a smooth spherical shell of cryogenic Deuterium-Tritium (DT) solid contained within a metal or plastic shell that is a few mm in diameter. Fusion is attained by imploding these shells under the symmetric application of energy beams. For IFE targets the DT solid must also survive the process of injecting it into the power plant reactor. Non-ignition IF targets often require a non-cryogenic DT gas fill of a glass or polymeric shell. In this paper an overview will be given of recent LANL activities to study cryogenic DT layering, observe tritium exposure effects on IF relevant materials, and fill targets in support of IF implosion experiments. C1 [Ebey, Peter S.; Dole, James M.; Geller, Drew A.; Hoffer, James K.; Morris, John; Nobile, Arthur; Schoonover, Jon R.; Wilson, Doug; Burmann, John; Cook, Bob; Letts, Steve; Sanchez, Jorge] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bonino, Mark; Harding, David; Sangster, Craig; Shmayda, Walter] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Nikroo, Abbas; Sheliak, John D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Ebey, PS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-C927, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ebey@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200014 ER PT J AU Heung, LK Staack, GC Klein, JE Jacobs, WD AF Heung, L. K. Staack, G. C. Klein, J. E. Jacobs, W. D. TI Tests of isotopic separation efficiency of palladium packed columns SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB The isotopic effect of palladium has been applied in different ways to separate hydrogen isotopes for many years. At Savannah River Site palladium deposited on kieselguhr (Pd/k) is used in a thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP) to purify tritium for over ten years. The need to design columns for different throughputs and the desire to advance the performance of TCAP created the need to evaluate different column designs and packing materials for their separation efficiency. In this work, columns with variations in length, diameter and metal foam presence were tested using an isotope displacement method. A simple computer model was also developed to calculate the number of theoretical separation stages based on the test results. The effects of column diameter, metal foam presence and gas flow rate were identified. C1 [Heung, L. K.; Staack, G. C.; Klein, J. E.; Jacobs, W. D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Heung, LK (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-A Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM leung.heung@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200017 ER PT J AU Heung, LK Sessions, HT Poore, AS Jacobs, WD Williams, CS AF Heung, L. K. Sessions, H. T. Poore, A. S. Jacobs, W. D. Williams, C. S. TI Next-generation TCAP hydrogen isotope separation process SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB A thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP) for hydrogen isotope separation has been in operation at Savannah River Site since 1994. The process uses a hot/cold nitrogen system to cycle the temperature of the separation column. The hot/cold nitrogen system requires the use of large compressors, heat exchanges, valves and piping that is bulky and maintenance intensive. A new compact thermal cycling (CTC) design has recently been developed. This new design uses liquid nitrogen tubes and electric heaters to heat and cool the column directly so that the bulky hot/cold nitrogen system can be eliminated. This CTC design is simple and is easy to implement, and will be the next generation TCAP system at SRS. A twelve-meter column has been fabricated and installed in the laboratory to demonstrate its performance. The design of the system and its test results to date is discussed. C1 [Heung, L. K.; Sessions, H. T.; Poore, A. S.; Jacobs, W. D.; Williams, C. S.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Heung, LK (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-A Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM leung.heung@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200019 ER PT J AU Fox, EB Greenway, SD Ekechukwu, AA AF Fox, E. B. Greenway, S. D. Ekechukwu, A. A. TI Hydrogen isotope recovery using a cathode water vapor feed PEM electrolyzer SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID DURABILITY; SYSTEM AB A critical component of tritium glovebox operations is the recovery of high value tritium from the water vapor in the glove box atmosphere. One proposed method to improve existing tritium recovery systems is to replace the disposable hot magnesium beds used to separate the hydrogen and oxygen in water with continuous use Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMEs). This study examines radiation exposure to the membrane of a PEW and examines the sizing difference that would be needed if the electrolyzer were operated with a cathode water vapor feed instead of an anode liquid water feed. C1 [Fox, E. B.; Greenway, S. D.; Ekechukwu, A. A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29208 USA. RP Fox, EB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 999-2W, Aiken, SC 29208 USA. EM Elise.Fox@srnl.doe.gov RI Greenway, Scott/A-8084-2011; Fox, Elise/G-5438-2013 OI Fox, Elise/0000-0002-4527-5820 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200039 ER PT J AU Denisov, E Kanashenko, S Causey, R Grishechkin, S Glugla, M Hassanein, A Kompaniets, T Kurdyumov, A Malkov, I Yukhimchuk, A AF Denisov, E. Kanashenko, S. Causey, R. Grishechkin, S. Glugla, M. Hassanein, A. Kompaniets, T. Kurdyumov, A. Malkov, I. Yukhimchuk, A. TI Effect of radiogenic helium on stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti structural changes and hydrogen sorption SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB The tritium trick technique was used to build-up radiogenic helium inside stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti (SS). A great quantity of defects with a mean diameter of 20 nm, most probably platelet-like bubbles with He-3 atoms, was observed in He-3-containing samples. The mean density of these bubbles in SS samples containing similar to 75 appm of He-3 is estimated to be 6.10(20) m(-3). Much larger helium bubbles were observed in SS after annealing the samples at T >= 1170 K Thermal release of radiogenic helium occurs at T>1500 K. The presence of 3He in structural materials causes the formation of an additional state for hydrogen sorption. C1 [Denisov, E.; Kompaniets, T.; Kurdyumov, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, VA Fock Res Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Kanashenko, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Causey, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Grishechkin, S.; Malkov, I.; Yukhimchuk, A.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607188, Russia. [Glugla, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Lab TLK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hassanein, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Denisov, E (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, VA Fock Res Inst Phys, Ulyanovskaya St 1, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. EM kompaniets@pobox.spbu.ru RI Kompaniets, Tatiana/L-5129-2013; Denisov, Evgeny/M-6226-2013 OI Kompaniets, Tatiana/0000-0001-5623-8534; Denisov, Evgeny/0000-0003-0560-9168 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200041 ER PT J AU Boitsov, I Kanashenko, S Causey, R Denisov, E Glugla, M Grishechkin, S Hassanein, A Lebedev, BL Kompaniets, T Kurdyumov, A Malkov, I Yukhimchuk, A AF Boitsov, I. Kanashenko, S. Causey, R. Denisov, E. Glugla, M. Grishechkin, S. Hassanein, A. Lebedev, B. L. Kompaniets, T. Kurdyumov, A. Malkov, I. Yukhimchuk, A. TI Effect of radiogenic helium on stainless steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti mechanical properties and hydrogen permeability SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Samples of stainless steel 10Cr18Ni10Ti with radiogenic helium were subjected to mechanical tests with a constant extension rate. The presence of He-3 does not markedly affect the strength characteristic, but significantly decreases plasticity of steel. The presence of hydrogen enhances the embrittlement of steel, containing 3He. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen does not change significantly in the presence of helium, but the traps for hydrogen, which occur due to the presence of helium, delay the kinetics of a steady state flux onset at helium concentration of 50 appm. C1 [Boitsov, I.; Grishechkin, S.; Lebedev, B. L.; Malkov, I.; Yukhimchuk, A.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607188, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. [Kanashenko, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Causey, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Denisov, E.; Kompaniets, T.; Kurdyumov, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, VA Fock Res Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Glugla, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Lab TLK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hassanein, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Boitsov, I (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Mira Av 37, Sarov 607188, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. EM kompaniets@pobox.spbu.ru RI Kompaniets, Tatiana/L-5129-2013; Denisov, Evgeny/M-6226-2013 OI Kompaniets, Tatiana/0000-0001-5623-8534; Denisov, Evgeny/0000-0003-0560-9168 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200042 ER PT J AU Morgan, MJ West, S Tosten, MH AF Morgan, Michael J. West, Scott Tosten, Michael H. TI Effect of tritium and decay helium on the fracture toughness properties of stainless steel weldments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID WELDS AB J-Integral fracture toughness tests were conducted on tritium-exposed-and-aged Types 304L and 21-6-9 stainless steel weldments in order to measure the combined effects of tritium and its decay product, helium-3 on the fracture toughness properties. Initially, weldments have fracture toughness values about three times higher than base-metal values. Delta-ferrite phase in the weld microstructure improved toughness provided no tritium was present in the microstructure. After a tritium-exposure-and-aging treatment that resulted in similar to 1400 atomic parts per million (appm) dissolved tritium, both weldments and base metals had their fracture toughness values reduced to about the same level. The tritium effect was greater in weldments (67 % reduction vs. 37% reduction) largely because the ductile discontinuous delta-ferrite phase was embrittled by tritium and decay helium. For both base metals and weldments, fracture toughness values decreased with increasing decay helium content in the range tested (50800 appm). C1 [Morgan, Michael J.; West, Scott; Tosten, Michael H.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Morgan, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM michael.morgan@srnl.doe.gov; scott.west@srnl.doe.gov; michael.tosten@srnl.doe.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200043 ER PT J AU Longhurst, GR Cleaver, J AF Longhurst, Glen R. Cleaver, James TI Interactions of hydrogen isotopes and oxides with metal tubes SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Understanding and accounting for interaction of hydrogen isotopes and their oxides with metal surfaces is important for persons working with tritium systems. Reported data from several investigators have shown that the processes of oxidation, adsorption, absorption, and permeation are all coupled and interactive. A computer model has been developed for predicting the interaction of hydrogen isotopes and their corresponding oxides in a flowing carrier gas stream with the walls of a metallic tube, particularly at low hydrogen concentrations. An experiment has been constructed to validate the predictive model. Predictions from modeling lead to unexpected experiment results. C1 [Longhurst, Glen R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Cleaver, James] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. RP Longhurst, GR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Glen.Longhurst@inl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 565 EP 568 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200059 ER PT J AU Wermer, JR Murdock, HM Nobile, A Herrmann, HW Venhaus, TJ Paglieri, SN Langenbrunner, JR Mack, JM AF Wermer, Joseph R. Murdock, Hailey M. Nobile, Arthur, Jr. Herrmann, Hans W. Venhaus, Thomas J. Paglieri, Stephen N. Langenbrunner, Jamie R. Mack, Joseph M. TI Measurement of the He-3 permeability of DT-filled fused silica inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets to study the effects of He-3 on neutron emission during implosion SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID SOLUBILITY; GLASS AB A set of laser implosion experiments were conducted at the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) to study the effect of He-3 concentration in DT-filled target shells on fusion yield in ICF implosions.. Eleven laser fusion shells consisting of 1100-mu m diameter, hollow, fused silica spheres with 4.6 to 4.7-mu m-thick walls were loaded with 520 kPa of deuterium-tritium (DT) and then with He-3 (101.3 or 520 kPa). The He-3 permeabilities of the shells were determined by measuring the pressure rate of rise into a system with known volume. A mathematical method was developed that relied on the experimental fill pressure and time, and the rate of rise data to solve differential equations using MathCAD to simultaneously calculate He-3 permeability and initial He-3 partial pressure inside the shell. Because of the high permeation rate for He-3 out of the shells compared to that for DT gas, shells had to be recharged with He-3 immediately before being laser imploded or "shot" at LLE. The He-3 partial pressure in each individual shell at shot time was calculated from the measured He-3 permeability. Two different partial pressures of He-3 inside the shell were shown to reduce neutron and gamma yields during implosion. C1 [Wermer, Joseph R.; Murdock, Hailey M.; Nobile, Arthur, Jr.; Herrmann, Hans W.; Venhaus, Thomas J.; Paglieri, Stephen N.; Langenbrunner, Jamie R.; Mack, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wermer, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-C927, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwermer@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 569 EP 575 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200060 ER PT J AU Clark, EA Staack, GC AF Clark, Elliot A. Staack, Gregory C. TI Effects of tritium gas exposure on the dynamic mechanical properties of EPDM elastomer SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Samples of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomer were exposed to tritium gas in closed containers at 101 kPa (1 atmosphere) pressure and ambient temperature for about one week. Tritium exposure effects on the samples were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DAM) and radiolysis products were characterized by measuring the total final pressure and composition in the exposure containers at the end of exposure period. There was no effect of one week tritium exposure on the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the samples tested Impurity gases produced in the closed containers included HT and lesser amounts of H-2, DTO, and CT4. The total pressure remained the same during exposure. C1 [Clark, Elliot A.; Staack, Gregory C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Clark, EA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 773-A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM elliot.clark@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 576 EP 579 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200061 ER PT J AU Foster, PJ Klein, JE Sessions, HT Morgan, GA AF Foster, P. J. Klein, J. E. Sessions, H. T. Morgan, G. A. TI Johnson-Matthey diffuser characterization testing SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB A diffuser/permeator commercially fabricated by Johnson-Matthey was purchased for characterization testing at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). A test system was fabricated to test not only feed and bleed flows and pressures, but also permeate pressure for flows up to 20 sLPM. The tests described in this paper consider the effect of various inert gas types, feed gas compositions, methods for temperature control, and varying tube pressure on permeation of H-2 through the Pd/Ag tubes. C1 [Foster, P. J.] Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Klein, J. E.; Sessions, H. T.; Morgan, G. A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Foster, PJ (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.klein@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200064 ER PT J AU Jacobs, WD Hang, T AF Jacobs, William D. Hang, Thong TI Model of diffusers/permeators for hydrogen processing SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Palladium-silver (Pd-Ag) diffusers are mainstays of hydrogen processing. Diffusers separate hydrogen from inert species such as nitrogen, argon or helium. The tubing becomes permeable to hydrogen when heated to more than 250 degrees C and a differential pressure is created across the membrane. The hydrogen diffuses better at higher temperatures. Experimental or experiential results have been the basis for determining or predicting a diffuser's performance. However, the process can be mathematically modeled, and comparison to experimental or other operating data can be utilized to improve the fit of the model. A reliable model-based diffuser system design is the goal which will have impacts on tritium and hydrogen processing. A computer model has been developed to solve the differential equations for diffusion given the operating boundary conditions. The model was compared to operating data for a low pressure diffuser system. The modeling approach and the results are presented in this paper. C1 [Jacobs, William D.; Hang, Thong] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jacobs, WD (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 999-2W-POB A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM william.jacobs@srnl.doe.gov; thong.hang@srnl.doe.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200065 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Howard, DW AF Klein, J. E. Howard, D. W. TI A simple flow analysis of diffuser-getter-diffuser systems SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Tritium clean-up systems typically deploy gas processing technologies between stages of palladium-silver (Pd/Ag) diffusers/permeators. The number of diffusers positioned before and after a gas clean-up process to obtain optimal system performance will vary with feed gas inert composition. A simple method to analyze optimal diffuser configuration is presented The method assumes equilibrium across the Pd/Ag tubes and system flows are limited by diffuser vacuum pump speeds preceding or following the clean-up process. A plot of system feed as a function of inert feed gas composition for various diffuser configuration allows selection of a diffuser configuration for maximum throughput based on feed gas composition. C1 [Klein, J. E.; Howard, D. W.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.klein@srnl.doe.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200067 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Sessions, HT AF Klein, J. E. Sessions, H. T. TI SAES St 909 pilot scale methane cracking tests SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Pilot scale (0.5 kg) SAES St 909 methane cracking tests were conducted for potential tritium process applications. Up to 1400 hours tests were done at 700 degrees C, 202.7 kPa (1520 torr) with a 0.03 sLPM feed of methane plus impurities, in a 20 vol% hydrogen, balance helium, stream. Carbon dioxide gettered by St 909 can be equated to an equivalent amount of methane gettered, but equating nitrogen to an equivalent amount of methane was nitrogen feed composition dependent. A decreased hydrogen feed increased methane getter rates while a 30 degrees C drop in one furnace zone increased methane emissions by over a factor of 30. The impact of gettered nitrogen can be somewhat minimized if nitrogen feed to the bed has been stopped and sufficient time given to recover the methane cracking rate. C1 [Klein, J. E.; Sessions, H. T.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.klein@srnl.doe.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 607 EP 610 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200068 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Holder, JS AF Klein, J. E. Holder, J. S. TI Screening tests for improved methane cracking materials SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID GAS AB Bench scale (1 to 6 gram) methane cracking tests have been performed on a variety of pure elements, some alloys, and SAES(R) commercial getters St 101, St 198, St 707, St 737, and St 909 to determine methane cracking performance (MCP) of 5% methane in a helium carrier at 700 degrees C, 101. 3 kPa (760 torr) with a 10 sccm feed.. The MCP was almost absent from some materials tested while others showed varying degrees of MCP. Re, Cr, V, Gd, and Mo powders had good MCP, but limited capacities. Nickel supported on kieselguhr (Ni/k), a Zr-Ni alloy, and the SAES(R) getters had good MCP in a helium carrier. The MCP of these same materials was suppressed in a hydrogen carrier stream and the MCP of the Zr-based materials was reduced by nitride formation when tested with a nitrogen carrier gas. C1 [Klein, J. E.; Holder, J. S.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.klein@srnl.doe.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 611 EP 614 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200069 ER PT J AU Poore, AS Hang, T AF Poore, A. S. Hang, T. TI Integrated process gas modeling for tritium systems at the Savannah River Site SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Significant savings are being realized from the consolidated tritium gas-processing operations at the Savannah River Site. However, the trade-off is some reduction of operational flexibility due to decreased storage capacity for process and waste gases. Savannah River National Laboratory researchers are developing an integrated process gas model for tritium processing using Aspen Custom Modeler(TM) (ACM) software. The modeling involves fully characterizing process flow streams (gas composition, quantity), frequency of batch transfers, and availability of equipment in the flow stream. The model provides a valuable engineering tool to identify flow bottlenecks, thereby enabling adjustments to be made to improve process operations. C1 [Poore, A. S.; Hang, T.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Poore, AS (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM anita.poore@srnl.doe.gov; thong.hang@srnl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200071 ER PT J AU Bibeault, ML Paglieri, SN Tuggle, DG Wermer, JR Nobile, A AF Bibeault, Mark L. Paglieri, Stephen N. Tuggle, Dale G. Wermer, Joseph R. Nobile, Arthur, Jr. TI Design, fabrication, and testing of a getter-based atmosphere purification and waste treatment system for a nitrogen-hydrogen-helium glovebox SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID RECOVERY-SYSTEM; TRITIATED-WATER AB A system containing a combination of getters (Zr-Mn-Fe, SAES St909; and Zr2Fe, SAES St198) was used to process the nitrogen-hydrogen-helium atmosphere in a glovebox used for handling metal tritide samples. During routine operations, the glovebox atmosphere is recirculated and hydrogenous impurities (i.e. CQ(4), Q(2)O, and NQ(3), where Q H, D, T) are decomposed (cracked) and removed by Zr-Mn-Fe without absorbing elemental hydrogen isotopes. If the tritium content of the glovebox atmosphere becomes unacceptably high, the getter system can rapidly strip the glovebox atmosphere of all hydrogen isotopes by absorption on the Zr2Fe, thus lessening the burden on the facility waste gas treatment system. The getter system was designed for high flowrate (> 100 l/min), which is achieved by using a honeycomb support for the getter pellets and 1.27-cm diameter tubing throughout the system for reduced pressure drop. The novel getter bed design also includes an integral pre-heater and copper liner to accommodate swelling of the getter pellets, which occurs during loading with oxygen and carbon impurities. Non-tritium functional tests were conducted to determine the gettering efficiencies at different getter bed temperatures and flow rates by recirculating gas through the system from a 6-m(3) glovebox containing known concentrations of impurities. C1 [Bibeault, Mark L.; Paglieri, Stephen N.; Tuggle, Dale G.; Wermer, Joseph R.; Nobile, Arthur, Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bibeault, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-C927, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bibeault@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 623 EP 626 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EX UT WOS:000258206200072 ER PT J AU Blow, MJ Zhang, T Woyke, T Speller, CF Krivoshapkin, A Yang, DY Derevianko, A Rubin, EM AF Blow, Matthew J. Zhang, Tao Woyke, Tanja Speller, Camilla F. Krivoshapkin, Andrei Yang, Dongya Y. Derevianko, Anatoly Rubin, Edward M. TI Identification of ancient remains through genomic sequencing SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA; PCR; NEANDERTHAL; AMPLIFICATION AB Studies of ancient DNA have been hindered by the preciousness of remains, the small quantities of undamaged DNA accessible, and the limitations associated with conventional PCR amplification. In these studies, we developed and applied a genomewide adapter-mediated emulsion PCR amplification protocol for ancient mammalian samples estimated to be between 45,000 and 69,000 yr old. Using 454 Life Sciences ( Roche) and Illumina sequencing ( formerly Solexa sequencing) technologies, we examined over 100 megabases of DNA from amplified extracts, revealing unbiased sequence coverage with substantial amounts of nonredundant nuclear sequences from the sample sources and negligible levels of human contamination. We consistently recorded over 500-fold increases, such that nanogram quantities of starting material could be amplified to microgram quantities. Application of our protocol to a 50,000-yr-old uncharacterized bone sample that was unsuccessful in mitochondrial PCR provided sufficient nuclear sequences for comparison with extant mammals and subsequent phylogenetic classification of the remains. The combined use of emulsion PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing allows for the generation of large quantities of DNA sequence data from ancient remains. Using such techniques, even small amounts of ancient remains with low levels of endogenous DNA preservation may yield substantial quantities of nuclear DNA, enabling novel applications of ancient DNA genomics to the investigation of extinct phyla. C1 [Blow, Matthew J.; Zhang, Tao; Woyke, Tanja; Rubin, Edward M.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Blow, Matthew J.; Zhang, Tao; Woyke, Tanja; Rubin, Edward M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speller, Camilla F.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ancient DNA Lab, Dept Archaeol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Krivoshapkin, Andrei; Yang, Dongya Y.; Derevianko, Anatoly] Inst Archaeol & Ethnog, Dept Archaeol, Div Paleolith Studies, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov RI Blow, Matthew/G-6369-2012; Krivoshapkin, Andrei/J-9698-2013; Speller, Camilla/D-2830-2014; Derevianko, Anatoly/Q-5975-2016 OI Blow, Matthew/0000-0002-8844-9149; Krivoshapkin, Andrei/0000-0002-5327-3438; Speller, Camilla/0000-0001-7128-9903; Derevianko, Anatoly/0000-0003-1156-8331 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG 004123, R01 HG004123] NR 30 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1347 EP 1353 DI 10.1101/gr.076091.108 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 332XJ UT WOS:000258116100015 PM 18426903 ER PT J AU Komlos, J Peacock, A Kukkadapu, RK Jaffe, PR AF Komlos, John Peacock, Aaron Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Jaffe, Peter R. TI Long-term dynamics of uranium reduction/reoxidation under low sulfate conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; BIOREMEDIATION; OXIDATION; FE(III); OXIDES; U(VI); BIOREDUCTION AB The biological reduction and precipitation of uranium in groundwater has the potential to prevent uranium migration from contaminated sites. Although previous research has shown that uranium bioremediation is maximized during iron reduction, little is known on how long-term iron/uranium reducing conditions can be maintained. Questions also remain about the stability of uranium and other reduced species after a long-term biostimulation scheme is discontinued and oxidants (i.e., oxygen) re-enter the bioreduced zone. To gain further insights into these processes, four columns, packed with sediment containing iron as Fe-oxides (mainly Al-goethite) and silicate Fe (Fe-containing clays), were operated in the laboratory under field-relevant flow conditions to measure the long-term (>200 day) removal efficiency of uranium from a simulated groundwater during biostimulation with an electron donor (3 mM acetate) under low sulfate conditions. The biostimulation experiments were then followed by reoxidation of the reduced sediments with oxygen. During biostimulation, Fe(III) reduction occurred simultaneously with U(VI) reduction. Both Fe-oxides and silicate Fe(III) were partly reduced, and silicate Fe(III) reduction was detected only during the first half of the biostimulation phase while Fe-oxide reduction occurred throughout the whole biostimulation period. Mossbauer measurements indicated that the biogenic Fe(II) precipitate resulting from Fe-oxide reduction was neither siderite nor FeS0.09 (mackinawite). U(VI) reduction efficiency increased throughout the bioreduction period, while the Fe(III) reduction gradually decreased with time. Effluent Fe(II) concentrations decreased linearly by only NIX, over the final 100 days of biostimulation, indicating that bioreducible Fe(III) in the sediment was not exhausted at the termination of the experiment. Even though Fe(III) reduction did not change substantially with time, microorganisms not typically associated with Fe(III) and U(VI) reduction (including methanogens) became a significant fraction of the total microbial population during long-term biostimulation, meaning that most acetate was utilized for biological processes other than Fe(III) and U(VI) reduction. This corresponds with an electron donor/acceptor mass balance showing that the amount of Fe(III), U(VI) and SO42- reduced accounted for very little (<2%) of the acetate consumed after day 104 of bioreduction. Selected columns were reoxidized after 209 days by discontinuing acetate addition and purging the influent media with a gas containing 20% oxygen. Uranium reoxidation occurred rapidly with a very large uranium spike exiting the column (7-8 times higher than the original influent concentration) which resulted in 61% of the precipitated uranium resolubilized and transported out of the column after 21 days and virtually all of the uranium being removed by day 122. During the first 21 days of reoxidation, the Fe(III) and U(VI) reducing microbial population, as measured by quantitative PCR, remained at pre-oxidation levels (even though the gene transcripts that represent the methanogen population decreased by 99%) indicating that short-term disruptions in biostimulation (equipment failure, etc.) may not negatively affect the uranium reducing microbial population. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Komlos, John; Jaffe, Peter R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Peacock, Aaron] Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jaffe, PR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jaffe@princeton.edu NR 47 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 15 BP 3603 EP 3615 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.040 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 332NG UT WOS:000258089100002 ER PT J AU Payne, SJ McCaffrey, R King, RW AF Payne, Suzette J. McCaffrey, Robert King, Robert W. TI Strain rates and contemporary deformation in the Snake River Plain and surrounding Basin and Range from GPS and seismicity SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GPS; strain rates; continental extension; Snake River Plain; Yellowstone hotspot; Basin and Range ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; CENTRAL IDAHO; QUATERNARY; EXTENSION; PROVINCE AB We used new horizontal global positioning system (GPS) velocities along with earthquakes, faults, and volcanic features to assess how strain is accommodated in the northern Basin and Range Province. We estimated horizontal velocities for 132 stations within the Snake River Plain and the surrounding Basin and Range from GPS phase data collected from 1994 to 2007. These velocities show regional-scale clockwise rotation suggestive of driving forces beyond those associated with the Yellowstone hotspot. Within the western Centennial tectonic belt, the GPS measurements indicate that the Basin and Range is extending at a rate an order of magnitude greater than the Snake River Plain, which explains its low seismicity. Between these two regions, we discern the "Centennial shear zone," a NE-trending zone of right-lateral shear with estimated slip rates that increase northeastward from 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm/yr in the SW to 1.7 +/- 0.2 mm/yr in NE. We interpret the new GPS velocities to indicate: (1) right-lateral shear may be accommodated by strike-slip earthquakes on NE-trending faults in the Centennial shear zone; (2) three Basin and Range faults (Lost River, Lemhi, and Beaverhead) terminate at the Snake River Plain margin; and (3) extension in the Snake River Plain occurs at a much lower rate than the rate of normal faulting in the western Centennial tectonic belt. C1 [Payne, Suzette J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [McCaffrey, Robert] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [King, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Payne, SJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1130/G25039A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 331NA UT WOS:000258017700014 ER PT J AU Jarman, KD Tartakovsky, AM AF Jarman, K. D. Tartakovsky, A. M. TI Divergence of solutions to solute transport moment equations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; VELOCITY COVARIANCE TENSOR; HIGHER-ORDER CORRECTIONS; STEADY-STATE FLOW; LOCALIZED ANALYSES; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; O(SIGMA(N)(V)); DOMAIN; FIELDS AB [1] We provide explicit solutions to one-dimensional moment equations for solute transport in random porous media using asymptotic perturbation expansions up through fourth order in standard deviation of log hydraulic conductivity. From these solutions, we demonstrate the source of multi- modal behavior in this special case; namely, oscillatory terms that increase with the variance of velocity ( or of log conductivity) and time. We show that over time higher- ordermoments become less accurate than second- order moments. Moreover, we show that the complete asymptotic series solution diverges for any value of log conductivity variance after sufficient time, using an analytical bound and assuming Gaussian- distributed velocity. This bound depends on the zero- order mean velocity, correlation length, and properties of the initial data. We find that the bound is also a good approximation when applied to our solutions of moment equations for a non- Gaussian velocity distribution. C1 [Jarman, K. D.; Tartakovsky, A. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kj@pnl.gov RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15401 DI 10.1029/2008GL034495 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 333JW UT WOS:000258149800003 ER PT J AU Russell, CT Jian, LK Luhmann, JG Zhang, TL Neubauer, FM Skoug, RM Blanco-Cano, X Omidi, N Cowee, MM AF Russell, C. T. Jian, L. K. Luhmann, J. G. Zhang, T. L. Neubauer, F. M. Skoug, R. M. Blanco-Cano, X. Omidi, N. Cowee, M. M. TI Mirror mode waves: Messengers from the coronal heating region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOSHEATH AB [1] An ongoing problem in heliospheric physics is the mechanism for the heating and acceleration of the solar wind. One process that has been identified as a potentially important source of energy input is ion cyclotron waves, but except for some evidence of perpendicular heating of heavy ions obtained by remote sensing, it has proven difficult to establish their overall effectiveness. We suggest that mirror mode waves in the solar wind may be a signature of the presence of these waves in the corona. Mirror mode waves and ion cyclotron waves can be cogenerated by anisotropic ion distribution functions as demonstrated by their joint growth in the low beta conditions of Saturn's inner magnetosphere. We infer from this example and from the high occurrence rates of mirror mode waves at the closest distances to the Sun probed by spacecraft that the inner corona is also replete with ion cyclotron waves. Understanding quantitatively how these two wave modes share the free energy of the corona could help us to understand the ion- cyclotron wave generation process and its role in solar wind heating and acceleration. C1 [Russell, C. T.; Jian, L. K.; Cowee, M. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Blanco-Cano, X.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geophys, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neubauer, F. M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. [Omidi, N.] Solana Sci, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Skoug, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, T. L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010 OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15101 DI 10.1029/2008GL034096 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 333JW UT WOS:000258149800001 ER PT J AU Verruijt, A Strack, OE AF Verruijt, A. Strack, O. E. TI Buoyancy of tunnels in soft soils SO GEOTECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE sands; tunnels ID ELASTIC HALF-PLANE; COMPLEX VARIABLE SOLUTION; GROUND MOVEMENTS; DEFORMATION C1 [Verruijt, A.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Strack, O. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Verruijt, A (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU ICE PUBL PI LONDON PA 40 MARSH WALL, 2 FL, LONDON E14 9TP, ENGLAND SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOTECHNIQUE JI Geotechnique PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 6 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1680/geot.2007.00046 PG 3 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 321SB UT WOS:000257325700006 ER PT J AU Newman, GA Gasperikova, E Hoversten, GM Wannamaker, PE AF Newman, Gregory A. Gasperikova, Erika Hoversten, G. Michael Wannamaker, Philip E. TI Three-dimensional magnetotelluric characterization of the Coso geothermal field SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE geothermal resource characterization; 3D magnetotellurics; Coso; USA ID NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; AREA; CALDERA; RANGE; MODEL AB A dense grid of 125 magnetotelluric (MT) stations plus a single line of contiguous bipole array profiling has been acquired over the east flank of the Coso geothermal system, CA, USA. Due to production related electromagnetic (EM) noise the permanent observatory at Parkfield, CA was used as a remote reference to suppress this Cultural EM noise interference. These data have been inverted to a fully three-dimensional (M) resistivity model. This model shows the controlling geological structures possibly influencing well production at Coso and correlations with mapped surface features such as faults and the regional geoelectric strike. The 3D model also illustrates the refinement in positioning of resistivity contacts when compared to isolated 2D inversion transects. The resistivity model has also been correlated with micro-earthquake locations, reservoir fluid production intervals and most importantly with an acoustic and shear velocity model derived by Wu and Lees I Wu, H., Lees, J.M., 1999. Three-dimensional P and S wave velocity structures of the Coso Geothermal Area, California, from microseismic travel time data. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (136), 13217-13233]. This later correlation shows that the near-vertical low-resistivity structure on the eastern flank of the producing field is also a zone of increased acoustic velocity and increased V-p/V-s ratio bounded by mapped fault traces. Over of the Devils' Kitchen is an area of large geothermal well density, where highly conductive near surface material is interpreted as a smectite clay cap alteration zone manifested from the subsurface geothermal fluids and related geochemistry. Enhanced resistivity beneath this cap and within the reservoir is diagnostic of propylitic alteration causing the formation of illite clays, which is typically observed in high-temperature reservoirs (>230 degrees C). In the southwest flank of the field the V-p/V-s ratio is enhanced over the production intervals, but the resistivity is non-descript. It is recommended that more MT data sites be acquired to the South and southwest of Devil's, Kitchen to better refine the resistivity model in this area. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Newman, Gregory A.; Gasperikova, Erika] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoversten, G. Michael] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Seism Anal & Property Estimat, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Wannamaker, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ganewman@lbl.gov RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569 FU U.S. Department of Energy Contract [DE-PS07-00ID1391]; U.S. Department of the Navy Contract [N689367-03-P-0303]; U.S. Navy Geothermal Program office [N69218-05-P-00101]; U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Data collection and processing were supported under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-PS07-00ID1391 and U.S. Department of the Navy Contract N689367-03-P-0303 to the Energy and Geoscience Institute. We thank Coso Operating Company for access to the field and to the highspeed Internet services that made the ultra-distant remote referencing possible. Similarly we are grateful to New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (Prof. Harold Tobin) for providing a quiet reference site and fast ftp access. We also thank Frank Monastero, Steven Bjornstad and Allan Katzenstein of the U.S. Navy Geothermal Program office for support and encouragement, and for funding all archeological site clearances. Finally, the competence and diligence of the field crew of Quantec Geoscience, principally Jon Powell, Joel Cross, Claudia Moraga, Bill Doerner and Ken Nurse, made results of this quality possible. Valuable discussions oil MT data processing and use of the Parkfield facility were held with Gary Egbert (Oregon State University). The authors also thank Jeff Unruh for permission to present Figs. 2 and 3 in this paper, and the comprehensive review and editing of the paper by Marcelo Lippmann. The data interpretation carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Program Office under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with additional funding provided by the U.S. Department of the Navy contract N69218-05-P-00101. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 369 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.02.006 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 355OI UT WOS:000259717800001 ER PT J AU Law, RM Peters, W Rodenbeck, C Aulagnier, C Baker, I Bergmann, DJ Bousquet, P Brandt, J Bruhwiler, L Cameron-Smith, PJ Christensen, JH Delage, F Denning, AS Fan, S Geels, C Houweling, S Imasu, R Karstens, U Kawa, SR Kleist, J Krol, MC Lin, SJ Lokupitiya, R Maki, T Maksyutov, S Niwa, Y Onishi, R Parazoo, N Patra, PK Pieterse, G Rivier, L Satoh, M Serrar, S Taguchi, S Takigawa, M Vautard, R Vermeulen, AT Zhu, Z AF Law, R. M. Peters, W. Roedenbeck, C. Aulagnier, C. Baker, I. Bergmann, D. J. Bousquet, P. Brandt, J. Bruhwiler, L. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Christensen, J. H. Delage, F. Denning, A. S. Fan, S. Geels, C. Houweling, S. Imasu, R. Karstens, U. Kawa, S. R. Kleist, J. Krol, M. C. Lin, S. -J. Lokupitiya, R. Maki, T. Maksyutov, S. Niwa, Y. Onishi, R. Parazoo, N. Patra, P. K. Pieterse, G. Rivier, L. Satoh, M. Serrar, S. Taguchi, S. Takigawa, M. Vautard, R. Vermeulen, A. T. Zhu, Z. TI TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; EUROPE; VARIABILITY; INVERSIONS; TRENDS; IMPACT; RECORD; FLUXES; FOREST AB [1] A forward atmospheric transport modeling experiment has been coordinated by the TransCom group to investigate synoptic and diurnal variations in CO2. Model simulations were run for biospheric, fossil, and air-sea exchange of CO2 and for SF6 and radon for 2000-2003. Twenty-five models or model variants participated in the comparison. Hourly concentration time series were submitted for 280 sites along with vertical profiles, fluxes, and meteorological variables at 100 sites. The submitted results have been analyzed for diurnal variations and are compared with observed CO2 in 2002. Mean summer diurnal cycles vary widely in amplitude across models. The choice of sampling location and model level account for part of the spread suggesting that representation errors in these types of models are potentially large. Despite the model spread, most models simulate the relative variation in diurnal amplitude between sites reasonably well. The modeled diurnal amplitude only shows a weak relationship with vertical resolution across models; differences in near-surface transport simulation appear to play a major role. Examples are also presented where there is evidence that the models show useful skill in simulating seasonal and synoptic changes in diurnal amplitude. C1 [Law, R. M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Peters, W.; Bruhwiler, L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Roedenbeck, C.; Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Aulagnier, C.; Bousquet, P.; Delage, F.; Rivier, L.; Vautard, R.] CEA Saclay CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baker, I.; Denning, A. S.; Lokupitiya, R.; Parazoo, N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bergmann, D. J.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brandt, J.; Christensen, J. H.; Geels, C.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Fan, S.; Lin, S. -J.] NOAA Geophys Fluide Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Houweling, S.; Pieterse, G.] SRON, Netherland Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Imasu, R.; Niwa, Y.; Satoh, M.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Kawa, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kleist, J.] Privacy Networks, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Krol, M. C.] SRON, IMAU, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Maki, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Div Atmospher Environm, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Maksyutov, S.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Patra, P. K.; Takigawa, M.] Frontier Res Ctr Global Change JAMSTEC, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Onishi, R.] JAMSTEC, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Serrar, S.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Taguchi, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST W, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Zhu, Z.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Law, RM (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM rachel.law@csiro.au; wouter.peters@wur.nl; christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de; celine.aulagnier@lsce.ipsl.fr; baker@atmos.colostate.edu; dbergmann@llnl.gov; philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr; jbr@dmu.dk; lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov; pjc@llnl.gov; jc@dmu.dk; francois.delage@cea.fr; denning@atmos.colostate.edu; songmiao.fan@noaa.gov; cag@dmu.dk; s.houweling@phys.uu.nl; imasu@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ute.karstens@zmaw.de; stephan.r.kawa@nasa.gov; johnk@privacynetwork.com; m.c.krol@phys.uu.nl; shian-jiann.lin@noaa.gov; ravi@atmos.colostate.edu; maki@met.kishou.go.jp; shamil@nies.go.jp; yniwa@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; onishi.ryo@jamstec.go.jp; nparazoo@atmos.colostate.edu; prabir@jamstec.go.jp; gerben.pieterse@tno.nl; leonard.rivier@lsce.ipsl.fr; satoh@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; soumia.serrar@ecmwf.int; s.taguchi@aist.go.jp; takigawa@jamstec.go.jp; robert.vautard@cea.fr; a.vermeulen@ecn.nl; zhu@mulan.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; Satoh, Masaki/G-3325-2015; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Geels, Camilla/G-4757-2013; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; onishi, ryo/D-1109-2014 OI Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Satoh, Masaki/0000-0003-3580-8897; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; Geels, Camilla/0000-0003-2549-1750; onishi, ryo/0000-0001-9250-0712 NR 60 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 AR GB3009 DI 10.1029/2007GB003050 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333KA UT WOS:000258150200001 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR AF Peterson, Sylvie-Ring TI Dose to the public from tritium released to the atmosphere from the Livermore site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1953 through 2005 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accident analysis; dose reconstruction; modeling; dose assessment; tritium ID MODELS; AIR AB Throughout 53 years of operations, an estimated 29,300 TBq of tritium were released to the atmosphere at the Livermore site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); about 75% of this was released as tritium gas primarily in two accidental releases. A tritium dose reconstruction was undertaken to chronicle both the annual doses to the public for each year of operations and the doses from seven accidental releases. Although LLNL has always reported releases and calculated doses in compliance with regulatory requirements, annual doses were not calculated prior to 1973, and the only dose reported from an accidental release was that in 1970. Annual doses (means and 95% confidence intervals) for 1953 through 2005 to the most exposed members of the public were calculated using the same equilibrium dose model and assumptions. From 1973 through 2005, predicted tritium concentrations in air were compared with observed mean annual concentrations at one location, and predicted doses were compared with those reported by LLNL. A mean dose with 95% confidence interval was also calculated for each accidental release using an equation derived from extensive experience with a dynamic process-oriented model. Predicted air concentrations were overestimated, on average, by a factor of 1.6, 70% of the doses reported by LLNL in annual compliance documents fell within the predicted confidence intervals, and all predicted doses from routine and accidental releases were well below regulatory limits. The highest annual mean dose to an adult was 34 mu Sv in 1957; the highest dose from an accidental release was 330 mu Sv in 1954. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Div, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Peterson, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Div, Environm Protect Dept, POB 808,L-629, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM peterson49@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 190 EP 202 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 329XC UT WOS:000257902900002 PM 18617800 ER PT J AU LePoire, D Richmond, P Cheng, JJ Kambo, S Arnish, J Chen, SY Barr, C McKenney, C AF LePoire, D. Richmond, P. Cheng, J. -J. Kambo, S. Arnish, J. Chen, S. Y. Barr, C. McKenney, C. TI Web-based training course for evaluating radiological dose assessment in NRC's license termination process SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; nuclear power plant; regulations; nuclear power industry AB As part of the requirement for terminating the licenses of nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities, license termination plans or decommissioning plans are submitted by the licensee to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for review and approval. Decommissioning plans generally refer to the decommissioning of nonreactor facilities, while license termination plans specifically refer to the decommissioning of nuclear reactor facilities. To provide a uniform and consistent review or dose modeling aspects or these plans and to address NRC-wide knowledge management issues, the NRC, in 2006, commissioned Argonne National Laboratory to develop a Web-based training course on reviewing radiological dose assessments for license termination. The course, which had first been developed in 2005 to target specific aspects of the review processes for license termination plans and decommissioning plans, evolved from a live classroom course into a Web-based training course in 2006. The objective of the Web-based training course is to train NRC staff members (who have various relevant job functions and are located (it headquarters, regional offices, and site locations) to conduct an effective review of close modeling in accordance with the latest NRC guidance, including NUREG-1757, Volumes 1 and 2. The exact size of the staff population who will receive the training has not yet been accurately determined but will depend oil various factors such as the decommissioning activities at the NRC. This Web-based training course is designed to give NRC staff members modern, flexible access to training. To this end, the course is divided into 16 modules: 9 core modules that deal with basic topics, and 7 advanced modules that deal with complex issues or job-specific topics. The core and advanced modules are tailored to various NRC staff members with different job functions. The Web-based system uses the commercially available software Articulate, which incorporates audio, video, and animation in slide presentations and has glossary, document search, and Internet connectivity features. The training course has been implemented on all NRC system that allows staff members to register, select courses, track records, and self-administer quizzes. C1 [LePoire, D.; Richmond, P.; Cheng, J. -J.; Kambo, S.; Arnish, J.; Chen, S. Y.] ANL, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60430 USA. [Barr, C.; McKenney, C.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP LePoire, D (reprint author), ANL, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60430 USA. EM dlepoire@anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 SU S BP S137 EP S142 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 333EP UT WOS:000258135900006 PM 18617797 ER PT J AU Freeze, RA Javandel, I AF Freeze, R. Allan Javandel, Iraj TI An interview with Paul Witherspoon, distinguished hydrogeologist from the USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE profiles; interview; USA; Sweden ID LEAKY AQUIFERS; FLOW; ROCK C1 [Javandel, Iraj] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freeze, RA (reprint author), 3755 Nico Wynd Dr, Surrey, BC V4P 1J1, Canada. EM freezer3@telus.net; IJavandel@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0308-z PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 330IB UT WOS:000257933100001 ER PT J AU Peterson, JW O'Meara, TA Seymour, MD AF Peterson, Jonathan W. O'Meara, Theresa A. Seymour, Michael D. TI Experimental investigation of cephapirin adsorption to quartz filter sands and dune sands SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; adsorption; hydrochemistry; solute transport; laboratory experiments/measurements ID K-D APPROACH; PARTICLE-SIZE; IRON-OXIDE; SORPTION; ANTIBIOTICS; SOILS; PHARMACEUTICALS; FRACTIONS; OFLOXACIN; FELDSPAR AB Batch experiments were performed to investigate cephapirin (a widely used veterinary antibiotic) adsorption on various size sands of low total organic carbon content (0.08-0.36 wt%). In the aqueous concentration range investigated (11-112 mu mol/L cephapirin), adsorption to nearly pure quartz filter sands (0.50-3.35 mm diameter) is low. Isotherms are S-shaped and most display a region of minimum adsorption, where decreased adsorption occurs with increasing solution concentration, followed by increased adsorption at higher concentrations. Cephapirin adsorption to quartz-rich, feldspar-bearing dune sands (0.06-0.35 mm diameter), and the smallest quartz filter sand investigated (0.43-0.50 mm), can be described by linear sorption isotherms over the range of concentrations investigated. Distribution coefficients (K (d)) range from 0.94 to 3.45 L/kg. No systematic relationship exists between grain size and amount of adsorption for any of the sands investigated. Cephapirin adsorption is positively correlated to the feldspar ratio (K-feldspar/(albite + Ca-plagioclase). Feldspar-ratio normalization of distribution coefficients was more effective than organic carbon normalization at reducing variability of K (d) values in the dune sands investigated. C1 [Peterson, Jonathan W.; O'Meara, Theresa A.] Hope Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Holland, MI 49422 USA. [Seymour, Michael D.] Hope Coll, Dept Chem, Holland, MI 49422 USA. RP Peterson, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM peterson@hope.edu OI O'Meara, Theresa/0000-0001-8132-9761 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 BP 879 EP 892 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0272-z PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 330IB UT WOS:000257933100007 ER PT J AU Diez, B Feldman, WC Maurice, S Gasnault, O Prettyman, TH Mellon, MT Aharonson, O Schorghofer, N AF Diez, B. Feldman, W. C. Maurice, S. Gasnault, O. Prettyman, T. H. Mellon, M. T. Aharonson, O. Schorghofer, N. TI H layering in the top meter of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE Mars, polar caps; ices; mineralogy; gamma ray spectroscopy; data reduction techniques ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; GROUND ICE; NEAR-SURFACE; STABILITY; ODYSSEY; SOILS; ROCKS; VOLATILES; CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN AB We explore the capability of a method of mapping the depth distribution of a hydrogen-rich layer in the top meter of Mars from the neutron currents measured by the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Assuming the soil can be modeled by two layers of known composition having different hydrogen contents, simulations allow an inversion of the neutron data into knowledge of depth and hydrogen content of the lower layer. The determination of these variables is sensitive to the hypothesis of chemical composition of the soil. We quantify this contribution to the uncertainty in the method first in terms of individual chemical elements and then in terms of macroscopic absorption cross sections. To minimize this source of error, an average composition was inferred from Mars Exploration Rover data. Possible compositions having a wide range of macroscopic absorption cross sections were used to evaluate the uncertainty associated with our calculations. We finally compare our results to ice table depth estimates predicted by two published theoretical models at locations where the composition is relatively well known. The fit is excellent in the southern high latitudes but questionable in the northern high latitudes. Possible explanations of these differences include the high geographical variations of the neutron currents relative to the spatial width of the response function of the instrument and the overly simple model we, of necessity, used for surface layering. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Diez, B.; Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.] Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Feldman, W. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Prettyman, T. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mellon, M. T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Aharonson, O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schorghofer, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Diez, B (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, 9 Ave Colonel Roche,BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. EM benedicte.diez@cesr.fr RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; Schorghofer, Norbert/A-1194-2007; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.02.006 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300006 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Bourke, MC Elphic, RC Maurice, S Bandfield, J Prettyman, TH Diez, B Lawrence, DJ AF Feldman, W. C. Bourke, M. C. Elphic, R. C. Maurice, S. Bandfield, J. Prettyman, T. H. Diez, B. Lawrence, D. J. TI Hydrogen content of sand dunes within Olympia Undae SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE Mars, polar geology; Mars, polar caps; ices ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; SUBSURFACE WATER-ICE; MARS AB Neutron currents measured using the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer, seasonally varying temperatures measured using the Thermal Emission Spectrometer, and visible images measured using the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) are studied to determine the water content and stratigraphy of Olympia Undae. Both the neutron and thermal infrared data are best represented by a two-layered model having a water-ice equivalent hydrogen content of 30 +/- 5% in a lower semi-infinite layer, buried beneath a relatively desiccated upper layer that is 9 +/- 6 g/cm(2) thick (about 6 cm depth at a density of 1.5 g/cm(3)). A model that is consistent with all three data sets is that the dunes contain a top layer that is relatively mobile, which overlays a niveo-aeolian lower layer. The geomorphology shown by the HiRISE images suggests that the bottom layer may be cemented in place and therefore relatively immobile. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Feldman, W. C.; Bourke, M. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bourke, M. C.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Elphic, R. C.; Prettyman, T. H.; Lawrence, D. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Maurice, S.; Diez, B.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31500 Toulouse, France. [Bandfield, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM feldmann@psi.edu RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.044 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300007 ER PT J AU Goebel, K Saha, B Saxena, A Celaya, JR Christophersen, JP AF Goebel, Kai Saha, Bhaskar Saxena, Abhinav Celaya, Jose R. Christophersen, Jon P. TI Prognostics in battery health management SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc C1 [Goebel, Kai; Saxena, Abhinav] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Goebel, Kai] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Christophersen, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Transportat Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Goebel, K (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM kai.goebel@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 6 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 EI 1941-0123 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/MIM.2008.4579269 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 331SI UT WOS:000258032500007 ER PT J AU Stowell, ML Fasenfest, BJ White, DA AF Stowell, Mark L. Fasenfest, Benjamin J. White, Daniel A. TI Investigation of radar propagation in buildings: A 10-billion element Cartesian-mesh FETD simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogenous media; electromagnetic scattering; finite element methods; parallel processing; time domain analysis; ultrawideband radar ID DEPENDENT MAXWELL EQUATIONS; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS AB Large-scale full-wave simulations are performed to investigate radar wave propagation inside buildings. In principle, a radar system combined with sophisticated numerical methods for inverse problems can be used to determine the internal structure of a building. The composition of the walls (cinder block, rebar) may effect the propagation of the radar waves in a complicated manner. In order to provide a benchmark solution of radar propagation in buildings, including the effects of cinder block and rebar, we performed large-scale full-wave simulations using a finite-element time domain (FETD) method. This particular FETD implementation is tuned for the special case of an orthogonal Cartesian mesh and hence resembles finite-difference time domain (FDTD) in accuracy and efficiency. The method was implemented on a general-purpose massively parallel computer. In this paper we briefly describe the radar propagation problem, the FETD implementation, and we present results of simulations that used over 10-billion elements. C1 [Stowell, Mark L.; Fasenfest, Benjamin J.; White, Daniel A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stowell, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM white37@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2241 EP 2250 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.926763 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 336NX UT WOS:000258373000010 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Li, EP AF Ahmed, Shahid Li, Er-Ping TI Modal analysis of microstrip lines using singular value decomposition analysis of FDTD simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE aspect ratio; microstrip circuits; modal analysis; singular value decomposition (SVD) ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TIME-DOMAIN; EMP SIMULATOR; RECOGNITION; WAVE; CIRCUITS; MODEL AB A comprehensive modal analysis of microstrip circuits using the singular value decomposition analysis of finite-difference time-domain simulation results has been performed. The detailed information have revealed new physical features, which are, to our best knowledge, seen for the first time. This realistic approach includes the 3-D configuration of structures and the full-wave electromagnetic properties. Increasing the aspect ratio of a continuous microstrip line strengthens the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode and weakens the higher order transverse magnetic modes. However, the introduction of gap discontinuity in the line enhances the mode strength in the vicinity of the gap. The physical interpretations of these results have been discussed in the paper. Moreover, the effects of line topology on the evolution of modes are illustrated. This investigation has physical significance in the practical design of high-speed interconnects and system-onchip. C1 [Ahmed, Shahid] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Ahmed, Shahid] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ahmed, Shahid] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Li, Er-Ping] ASTAR, Dept Adv Elect & Elect Syst, Inst High Performance Comp, Singapore 117528, Singapore. [Li, Er-Ping] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Li, Er-Ping] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM shahid@fnal.gov; eplee@ihpc.a-star.edu.sg FU Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A-STAR), Singapore FX This work was supported by the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A-STAR), Singapore. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2008.927926 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 342YY UT WOS:000258820700014 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Felix, JA Buchner, S Marshall, P Duzellier, S Brown, D Poivey, C Pease, RL AF Schwank, James R. Felix, James A. Buchner, Stephen Marshall, Paul Duzellier, Sophie Brown, Dennis Poivey, Christian Pease, Ronald L. TI SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 2007 RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ONCOMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS (RADECS) CONFERENCE, Deauville, France, September 10-14, 2007 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwank, James R.; Felix, James A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Poivey, Christian] ESA, Estec, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1807 EP 1807 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.928568 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500001 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Felix, JA Dodd, PE Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V AF Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Felix, James A. Dodd, Paul E. Paillet, Philippe Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique TI Radiation Effects in MOS Oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Aging; MOS devices; oxide breakdown; power MOSFETs; radiation effects; silicon-on-insulator; total dose effects ID THIN GATE OXIDES; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; DOSE-RATE SENSITIVITY; SIMOX BURIED OXIDES; INTERFACE-STATE GENERATION; INDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT; VARYING THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; REOXIDIZED NITRIDED-OXIDE; INVERSION LAYER MOBILITY; INDUCED PERMANENT DAMAGE AB Electronic devices in space environments can contain numerous types of oxides and insulators. Ionizing radiation can induce significant charge buildup in these oxides and insulators leading to device degradation and failure. Electrons and protons in space can lead to radiation-induced total-dose effects. The two primary types of radiation-induced charge are oxide-trapped charge and interface-trap charge. These charges can cause large radiation-induced threshold voltage shifts and increases in leakage currents. Two alternate dielectrics that have been investigated for replacing silicon dioxide are hafnium oxides and reoxidized nitrided oxides (RNO). For advanced technologies, which may employ alternate dielectrics, radiation-induced voltage shifts in these insulators may be negligible. Radiation-induced charge buildup in parasitic field oxides and in SOI buried oxides can also lead to device degradation and failure. Indeed, for advanced commercial technologies, the total-dose hardness of ICs is normally dominated by radiation-induced charge buildup in either parasitic field oxides and/or SOI buried oxides. Heavy ions in space can also degrade the oxides in electronic devices through several different mechanisms including single-event gate rupture, reduction in device lifetime, and large voltage shifts in power MOSFETs. C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Felix, James A.; Dodd, Paul E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fleetwood, Daniel M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Paillet, Philippe; Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov NR 138 TC 188 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 54 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1833 EP 1853 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001040 PN 1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500003 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Felix, JA AF Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Schwank, James R. Dodd, Paul E. Felix, James A. TI Total Ionizing Dose and Single Event Effects Hardness Assurance Qualification Issues for Microelectronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Integrated circuit radiation effects; integrated circuit reliability; proton-induced single-event latchup; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation hardness assurance; radiation hardness assurance methodology; radiation hardness assurance testing; single event effects; single-event upset ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; INTERFACE-TRAP FORMATION; RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MOS DEVICES; RADIATION RESPONSE; RATE SENSITIVITY; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; GAIN DEGRADATION AB The radiation effects community has developed a number of hardness assurance test guidelines to assess and assure the radiation hardness of integrated circuits for use in space and/or high-energy particle accelerator applications. These include test guidelines for total dose hardness assurance qualification and single event effects (SEE) qualification. In this work, issues associated with these hardness assurance test guidelines are discussed. For total dose qualification, the main test methodologies used in the U.S. and Europe are reviewed and differences between the guidelines are discussed. In addition, some key issues that must be considered when performing total dose hardness assurance testing are addressed. Following these discussions we review some emerging issues relevant to SEE device qualification that are not covered in present SEE test guidelines. The hardness assurance implications of these issues are addressed. C1 [Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Schwank, James R.; Dodd, Paul E.; Felix, James A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 110 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1926 EP 1946 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001268 PN 1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500008 ER PT J AU Felix, JA Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Dodd, PE Girard, S Blackmore, EW AF Felix, James A. Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Baggio, Jacques Paillet, Philippe Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Dodd, Paul E. Girard, Sylvain Blackmore, Ewart W. TI Test Procedures for Proton-Induced Single Event Latchup in Space Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE COTS; hardness assurance; proton; radiation effects; SEU; single event; single-event latchup (SEL); SRAM AB The effect of high energy proton irradiation and angle of incidence on single-event latchup (SEL) hardness is investigated as a function of temperature and power supply voltage to determine worst-case hardness assurance test conditions for space environments. SRAMs from several vendors were characterized for single-event latchup SEL hardness at proton energies from 20 to 500 MeV at temperatures of 25 degrees C and 80 degrees C, and at both normal and grazing angles of incidence. For all SRAMs investigated, the largest SEL cross section is observed for irradiation with protons with energies larger than 200 MeV. In addition, it is shown that for proton with energies >= 400 MeV, there is not a significant increase in SEL cross section for grazing angles of incidence compared to normal incidence irradiation. Based on the results of several years of research, in addition to these new results, we propose a hardness assurance test procedure for qualifying parts for use in proton-rich space environments. C1 [Felix, James A.; Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baggio, Jacques; Paillet, Philippe; Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Girard, Sylvain] CEA DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Blackmore, Ewart W.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Felix, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafelix@sandia.gov RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2161 EP 2165 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2000773 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500039 ER PT J AU Pratt, B Caffrey, M Carroll, JF Graham, P Morgan, K Wirthlin, M AF Pratt, Brian Caffrey, Michael Carroll, James F. Graham, Paul Morgan, Keith Wirthlin, Michael TI Fine-Grain SEU Mitigation for FPGAs Using Partial TMR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Aerospace industry; fault injection; fault tolerance; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); proton accelerator; radiation effects; reliability; single-event upset (SEU); triple modular redundancy (TMR) ID SRAM-BASED FPGAS AB The mitigation of single-event upsets (SEUs) in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is an increasingly important subject as FPGAs are used in radiation environments such as space. Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is the most frequently used SEU mitigation technique but is very expensive in terms of area and power costs. These costs can be reduced by sacrificing some reliability and applying TMR to only part of the FPGA design. Our partial TMR method focuses on the most critical sections of the design and increases reliability by applying TMR to continuous sections of the circuit. We introduce an automated software tool that uses the Partial TMR method to apply TMR incrementally at a very fine level until the available resources are utilized. Thus the tool aims to gives the maximum reliability gain for the specified area cost. C1 [Pratt, Brian; Carroll, James F.; Wirthlin, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. [Caffrey, Michael; Graham, Paul; Morgan, Keith] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pratt, B (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2274 EP 2280 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2000852 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EI UT WOS:000259899500056 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J Frost, E Phlips, BF Vernon, E Wulf, EA AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack Frost, Elliot Phlips, Bernard F. Vernon, Emerson Wulf, Eric A. TI Front-End ASIC for a Silicon Compton Telescope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASIC; cascode; Compton telescope ID STRIP DETECTORS; RAY; IMAGER; READOUT AB We describe a front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for a Silicon Compton telescope. Composed of 32 channels, it reads out signals in both polarities from each side of a Silicon strip sensor, 2 mm thick 27 cm Ion characterized by a strip capacitance of 30 pF. Each front-end channel provides low-noise charge amplification, shaping with a stabilized baseline, discrimination, and peak detection with an analog memory. The channels can process events simultaneously, and the read out is sparsified. The charge amplifier uses a dual-cascode configuration and dual-polarity adaptive reset. The low-hysteresis discriminator and the multi-phase peak detector process signals with a dynamic range in excess of four hundred. An equivalent noise charge (ENC) below 200 electrons was measured at 30 pF, with a slope of about 4.5 electrons/pF at a peaking time of 4 mu s. With a total dissipated power of 5 mW the channel covers an energy range up to 3.2 MeV. C1 [De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack; Vernon, Emerson] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Frost, Elliot] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM degeronimo@bnl.gov RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported in part by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2323 EP 2328 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001410 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EJ UT WOS:000259899600005 ER PT J AU Detwiler, JA Henning, R Johnson, RA Marino, MG AF Detwiler, J. A. Henning, R. Johnson, R. A. Marino, M. G. TI A Generic Surface Sampler for Monte Carlo Simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; alpha particles; GEANT; imaging; simulation AB We present a Monte Carlo algorithm that generates points randomly and uniformly on a set of arbitrary surfaces. The algorithm is completely general and only requires the geometry, modeling software to provide the intersection points of an arbitrary line with the surface being sampled. We demonstrate the algorithm using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. The efficiency of the sampling algorithm is discussed, along with various options in the implementation and example applications. C1 [Detwiler, J. A.; Henning, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Henning, R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Johnson, R. A.; Marino, M. G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, R. A.; Marino, M. G.] Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Detwiler, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jadetwiler@lbl.gov; rhenning@physics.unc.edu OI Marino, Michael/0000-0003-1226-6036 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41020, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-97ER41020 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used the Parallel Distributed Systems Facility at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is Supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2329 EP 2333 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001063 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EJ UT WOS:000259899600006 ER PT J AU Re, V Gaioni, L Manghisoni, M Ratti, L Speziali, V Traversi, G Yarema, R AF Re, Valerio Gaioni, Luigi Manghisoni, Massimo Ratti, Lodovico Speziali, Valeria Traversi, Gianluca Yarema, Ray TI Noise Behavior of a 180 nm CMOS SOI Technology for Detector Front-End Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Front-end electronics; MOSFET; noise; silicon-on-insulator ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; MOSFETS; AMPLIFIERS AB This paper is motivated by the growing interest of the detector and readout electronics community towards silicon-on-in-sulator CMOS processes. Advanced SOI MOSFETs feature peculiar electrical characteristics impacting their performance with respect to bulk CMOS devices. Here we mainly focus on the study of these effects on the noise parameters of the transistors, using experimental data relevant to 180 run fully depleted SOI devices as a reference. The comparison in terms of white and 1/f noise components with bulk MOSFETs with the same minimum feature size gives a basis of estimate for the signal-to-noise ratio achievable in detector front-end integrated circuits designed in an SOI technology. C1 [Re, Valerio; Manghisoni, Massimo; Traversi, Gianluca] Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. [Re, Valerio; Gaioni, Luigi; Manghisoni, Massimo; Ratti, Lodovico; Speziali, Valeria; Traversi, Gianluca] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Gaioni, Luigi; Ratti, Lodovico; Speziali, Valeria] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Yarema, Ray] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Re, V (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. EM valerio.re@unibg.it; luigi.gaioni@unipv.it; mas-simo.manghisoni@unibg.it; lodovico.ratti@unipv.it; va-leria.speziali@unipv.it; gianluca.traversi@unibg.it; yarema@fnal.gov RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Traversi, Gianluca/Q-6744-2016; OI Traversi, Gianluca/0000-0003-3977-6976; Gaioni, Luigi/0000-0001-5499-7916; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Manghisoni, Massimo/0000-0001-5559-0894 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CHO3000] FX This work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-76CHO3000. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2408 EP 2413 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001082 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EJ UT WOS:000259899600017 ER PT J AU Janecek, M Moses, WW AF Janecek, Martin Moses, William W. TI Optical Reflectance Measurements for Commonly Used Reflectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lambertian reflection; light collection; Monte Carlo methods ID SIMULATION PLATFORM; GATE; SPECT; PET; SURFACES; TOOLKIT AB When simulating light collection in scintillators, modeling the angular distribution of optical light reflectance from surfaces is very important. Since light reflectance is poorly understood, either purely specular or purely diffuse reflectance is generally assumed. In this paper we measure the optical reflectance distribution for eleven commonly used reflectors. A 440 nm, output power stabilized, un-polarized laser is shone onto a reflector at a fixed angle of incidence. The reflected light's angular distribution is measured by an array of silicon photodiodes. The photodiodes are movable to cover 2 pi of solid angle. The light-induced current is, through a multiplexer, read out with a digital multimeter. A Lab-VIEW program controls the motion of the laser and the photodiode array the multiplexer, and the data collection. The laser can be positioned at any angle with a position accuracy of 10 arc minutes. Each photodiode subtends 6.3 degrees, and the photodiode array can be positioned at any angle with up to 10 are minute angular resolution. The dynamic range for the current measurements is 10(5) : 1. The measured light reflectance distribution was measured to be specular for several ESR films as well as for aluminum foil, mostly diffuse for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and titanium dioxide paint, and neither specular nor diffuse for Lumirror (R), Melinex (R) and Tyvek (R). Instead, a more complicated light distribution was measured for these three materials. C1 [Janecek, Martin; Moses, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Janecek, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjanecek@lbl.gov; wwmoses@lbl.gov RI Janecek, Martin/D-2517-2009 FU National Nuclear Security Administration. Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, NNSA LB06-316-PD05/NN2001000] FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration. Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. and Grant NNSA LB06-316-PD05/NN2001000. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2432 EP 2437 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2001408 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358EJ UT WOS:000259899600021 ER PT J AU Yin, L Albright, BJ Bowers, KJ Daughton, W Kwan, TJT Margulies, J Nelson, EM Karimabadi, H AF Yin, L. Albright, B. J. Bowers, Kevin J. Daughton, W. Kwan, T. J. T. Margulies, J. Nelson, E. M. Karimabadi, H. TI New insights into collisionless magnetic reconnection enabled by ultra-high performance three-dimensional kinetic simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere; multidimensional systems; non-linear systems; parallel machines; plasma stability; plasma waves; Plasmas ID FIELD AB Recent innovations in large-scale 3-D kinetic simulations along with advanced visualization techniques are facilitating new scientific discoveries into the basic physics of collisionless magnetic reconnection. Present supercomputers are now fully capable of exploring the dynamics of large-scale electron-positron plasmas, whereas the next generation will extend this capability to allow first-principle simulations of magnetic reconnection in electron-proton plasmas. C1 [Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Bowers, Kevin J.; Daughton, W.; Kwan, T. J. T.; Margulies, J.; Nelson, E. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Karimabadi, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bowers, Kevin J.] DE Shaw Res LLC, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyin@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1111 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.922934 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200125 ER PT J AU Ma, T MacPhee, AG Key, MH Akli, KU Barbee, TW Mackinnon, AJ Stephens, RB Van Woerkom, LD Zhang, BB Beg, FN AF Ma, Tammy MacPhee, Andrew G. Key, Michael H. Akli, Kramer U. Barbee, Troy W., Jr. Mackinnon, Andrew J. Stephens, Richard B. Van Woerkom, Linn D. Zhang, Bingbing Beg, Farhat N. TI Extreme ultraviolet imaging of electron-heated targets in petawatt laser experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet (XUV) imaging; fast ignition; multilayer optics AB The study of the transport of electrons, and the flow of energy into a solid target or dense plasma, is instrumental in the development of fast-ignition inertial confinement fusion. An extreme ultraviolet (XUV) imaging diagnostic at 256 and 68 eV provides information about heating and energy deposition within petawatt-laser-irradiated targets. The XUV images of several irradiated solid targets are presented. C1 [Ma, Tammy; Beg, Farhat N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [MacPhee, Andrew G.; Key, Michael H.; Barbee, Troy W., Jr.; Mackinnon, Andrew J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Akli, Kramer U.; Van Woerkom, Linn D.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stephens, Richard B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Zhang, Bingbing] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ma, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tyma@ucsd.edu RI Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER54834, W-7405-Eng-48 DE-FC02-04ER54789, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL's Institute of Laser Science and Applications FX This work was supported by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which is under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Under Contracts DE-FG02-05ER54834, W-7405-Eng-48 DE-FC02-04ER54789 (Fusion Science Center). and DE-AC52-07NA27344. The work of T. Ma is supported by the LLNL's Institute of Laser Science and Applications Grant. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.924511 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200133 ER PT J AU Pasley, J Wei, M Shipton, E Chen, S Ma, T Beg, FN Alexander, N Stephens, R MacPhee, AG Hey, D Le Pape, S Patel, P Mackinnon, A Key, M Offermann, D Link, A Chowdhtlry, E Van Woerkom, L Freeman, RR AF Pasley, J. Wei, M. Shipton, E. Chen, S. Ma, T. Beg, F. N. Alexander, N. Stephens, R. MacPhee, A. G. Hey, D. Le Pape, S. Patel, P. Mackinnon, A. Key, M. Offermann, D. Link, A. Chowdhtlry, E. Van Woerkom, L. Freeman, R. R. TI Nail-like targets for laser-plasma interaction experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cone guided fast ignition; extreme ultraviolet imaging; laser-produced electron transport in solids; laser-solid interaction AB The interaction of ultrahigh power picosecond laser pulses with solid targets is of interest both for benchmarking the results of hybrid particle in cell codes and also for applications in reentrant cone guided fast ignition. We describe the construction of novel targets in which copper/titanium wires are formed into "nail-like" objects by a process of melting and micromachining so that energy can be reliably coupled to a 24-mu m-diameter wire. An extreme-ultraviolet image of the interaction of the Titan laser with such a target is shown. C1 [Pasley, J.; Wei, M.; Shipton, E.; Chen, S.; Ma, T.; Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Alexander, N.; Stephens, R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [MacPhee, A. G.; Hey, D.; Le Pape, S.; Patel, P.; Mackinnon, A.; Key, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hey, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Offermann, D.; Link, A.; Chowdhtlry, E.; Van Woerkom, L.; Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pasley, J (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM jp557@york.ac.uk RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015; OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1129 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.924567 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200134 ER PT J AU Purvis, MA Grava, J Filevich, J Marconi, MC Dunn, J Moon, SJ Shlyaptsev, VN Jankowska, E Rocca, JJ AF Purvis, Michael A. Grava, Jonathan Filevich, Jorge Marconi, Mario C. Dunn, James Moon, Stephen J. Shlyaptsev, Vyacheslav N. Jankowska, Elizabeth Rocca, Jorge J. TI Soft X-ray laser interferometry of colliding laser-created plasmas in semicylindrical cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colliding plasmas; plasma diagnostics; soft X-ray laser; soft X-ray laser interferometry AB A tabletop capillary discharge soft X-ray laser was used to acquire high-contrast interferograms that map the evolution of dense aluminum plasmas created by the laser irradiation of a 500-mu m-diameter semicylindrical cavity with 120-ps optical laser pulses of similar to 1.1 x 10(12) - W . cm(-2) peak intensity. The measured electron density maps, which were compared with simulations, show that the plasma converges on axis where it collides to form a localized region with density exceeding 1 x 10(20) cm(-3). C1 [Purvis, Michael A.; Grava, Jonathan; Filevich, Jorge; Marconi, Mario C.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Purvis, Michael A.; Grava, Jonathan; Filevich, Jorge; Marconi, Mario C.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shlyaptsev, Vyacheslav N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Jankowska, Elizabeth] Wroclaw Univ Technol, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Dunn, James; Moon, Stephen J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Purvis, MA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-FG52-06NA26152] FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances Program through the U.S. Department of Energy Research Grant DE-FG52-06NA26152. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.924399 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200137 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Staack, D Fisch, NJ AF Raitses, Yevaeny Staack, David Fisch, Nathaniel J. TI Controlling the plasma potential distribution in segmented-electrode Hall thruster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hall discharge; plasma propulsion ID EMISSION AB Segmented electrodes and ceramic spacers (CSs) placed along the Hall thruster channel are shown to produce strong modifications of axial and radial plasma potential distributions as compared to conventional nonsegmented thruster. These modifications are associated with differences in secondary-electron-emission properties of materials used for electrodes and CSs and correlate with plasma-plume divergence. C1 [Raitses, Yevaeny; Staack, David; Fisch, Nathaniel J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM yraitses@pppl.gov RI Staack, David/A-5430-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1202 EP 1203 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.924410 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200171 ER PT J AU Fisch, NJ Raitses, Y AF Fisch, N. J. Raitses, Y. TI Plasma plume of annular and cylindrical Hall thrusters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hall thruster; plasma plume AB Hall thrusters hold considerable advantage over chemical thrusters and other kinds of electrical propulsion devices, except that the plume of the Hall thruster tends to he wide. An ongoing objective in Hall-thruster research is to narrow this plume. The plume is sensitive both to the specific geometry of the magnetic field as well as to the voltage potential induced within the plasma. Annular-geometry Hall thrusters tend to have narrower plumes. However, the cylindrical-geometry thruster has been shown to he suited particularly to low-power operation. New techniques have been advanced to narrow the Hall-thruster plumes. In this paper, images of the plasma plume in the two geometries of the Hall thruster are presented. C1 [Fisch, N. J.; Raitses, Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM fisch@pppl.gov; yraitses@pppl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1204 EP 1205 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.925696 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200172 ER PT J AU Critchley, ADJ Heathcote, AD Johnston, MD AF Critchley, Andrew Duncan James Heathcote, Alan D. Johnston, Mark D. TI Electrode plasmas during self-magnetic-pinch e-beam diode operation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron-beam applications; optical spectroscopy; radiography AB Framing camera images of optical emission spectra from self-magnetic-pinch (SDIP) diodes are presented, which illustrate the evolution of the anode (A) and cathode (K) plasmas during diode operation. These data were taken one frame per shot at different times during the X-ray pulses of standard configuration SMPs fired on the RITS-6 pulsed power driver. The images display the output from a five-fiber array, observing emission from discrete intervals along the diode's axis of symmetry. The array output was passed through an imaging spectrograph before being captured by an intensified charge-coupled-device camera gating for 20 ns. The images provide a qualitative understanding of the relative densities and temperatures of the A-K plasmas as they cross the A-K gap and collapse the diode impedance, ceasing the X-ray output. The overwhelming majority of the emission was continuum in nature; line emission was observed while the continuum emission was still weak. The observations are briefly discussed in the context of future diode research. C1 [Critchley, Andrew Duncan James; Heathcote, Alan D.] AWE, Hydrodynam Sci Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Johnston, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Critchley, ADJ (reprint author), AWE, Hydrodynam Sci Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM andrew.critchley@awe.co.uk NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1215 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.917169 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200177 ER PT J AU Biloiu, IA Scime, EE Biloiu, C Cohen, SA AF Biloiu, Ioana A. Scime, Earl E. Biloiu, Costel Cohen, Samuel A. TI Two-dimensional argon-ion velocity distributions in the expansion region of a helicon plasma source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electric double layer; helicon plasma; ion beam; ion velocity distribution function; laser induced fluorescence tomography ID OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; DEVICE AB Two-dimensional argon ion velocity distribution functions in the expansion region of a helicon plasma source have been obtained by laser-induced-fluorescence tomography. Below a threshold value of the magnetic field in the expansion region, a fast ion population moving away from the source appears in addition to the nearly isotropic, slow, background, ion population. C1 [Biloiu, Ioana A.; Scime, Earl E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Biloiu, Costel] Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Cohen, Samuel A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Biloiu, IA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ibiloiu@mix.wvu.edu RI Biloiu, Costel/O-2562-2013 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1216 EP 1217 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.917778 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200178 ER PT J AU Bordenjuk, IV Panchenko, OA Sologub, SV Brown, IG AF Bordenjuk, Ivan V. Panchenko, Oleg A. Sologub, Sergei V. Brown, Ian G. TI Visualization of trajectories of electron beams emitted by an ion source with closed electron drift SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam neutralization; electron beams; electron beam visualization; Hall ion thruster; ion beams; ion sources; light emission; magnetron ion source AB In this paper, trajectories of electron beams emitted by an ion source with an anode layer and Hall-electron closed-drift orbits were visualized using light emission from a working gas excited by the electrons. A gas discharge, of the magnetron type and occurring in the beam drift region due the influence of the electric field of the target bias potential, was visualized. C1 [Bordenjuk, Ivan V.; Panchenko, Oleg A.; Sologub, Sergei V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Brown, Ian G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bordenjuk, IV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM sologub@iop.kiev.ua FU STCU (Science and Technology Center in Ukraine) [118J] FX Manuscript received October 10, 2007: revised April 1. 2008. This work was supported by STCU (Science and Technology Center in Ukraine) Under Project 118J. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1227 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.925690 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200183 ER PT J AU Ampleford, DJ Jones, B Bott, SC Lebedev, SV Bland, SN Hall, GN Palmer, JBA AF Ampleford, David J. Jones, B. Bott, S. C. Lebedev, S. V. Bland, S. N. Hall, G. N. Palmer, J. B. A. TI Radiography of modulated wire array Z-pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wire abliation; wire array Z-pinch; X-pinch radiography AB X-pinch radiography data are presented for wire array Z-pinches in which the wires initially have an imposed modulation. Calibrated data indicate a sharp contrast between the initially thicker regions of the wire, which remain intact, and the thinner regions which become fully depleted of material. C1 [Ampleford, David J.; Jones, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bott, S. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lebedev, S. V.; Bland, S. N.; Hall, G. N.; Palmer, J. B. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Ampleford, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM DAMPLEF@sandia.gov FU NNSA [DE-FC03-02NA00057]; U.S. DOE's NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the NNSA under DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-FC03-02NA00057. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's NNSA Under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1270 EP 1271 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.926760 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200205 ER PT J AU Palmer, JBA Bott, SC Bland, SN Ampleford, DJ Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Suzuki-Vidal, F AF Palmer, James B. A. Bott, Simon C. Bland, Simon N. Ampleford, David J. Lebedev, Sergey V. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Suzuki-Vidal, Franciso TI Radiography of foam targets in wire-array Z-pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic hohlraum; non-imploding wire array; radiography; x-pinch; z-pinch AB Wire-array Z-pinches with low-density cylindrical foam targets on-axis have been used in inertial-confinement-fusion research on the 20-MA facility Z, but the effect of the targets on array performance is not fully understood. Experiments to investigate how the targets behave prior to array implosion, when they are bombarded by precursor plasma, have been carried out on the 1-MA MAGPIE generator. This paper presents data from X-pinch point-projection radiography, a primary diagnostic in these experiments. C1 [Palmer, James B. A.] AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Bott, Simon C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bland, Simon N.; Lebedev, Sergey V.; Chittenden, Jeremy P.; Suzuki-Vidal, Franciso] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Ampleford, David J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Palmer, JBA (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1272 EP 1273 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.924418 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200206 ER PT J AU Jones, B Coverdale, CA Mazarakis, MG AF Jones, Brent Coverdale, Christine A. Mazarakis, Michael G. TI Multicolor soft X-ray imaging of Z-pinch radiation sources on the Z-machine pulsed-power driver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics; non-homogenous media; plasma measurements; plasma pinch; X-ray imaging; X-ray measurements; X-ray production ID EMISSION AB Time-resolved X-ray pinhole imaging is employed for diagnosing fast Z-pinch implosions on the Z accelerator. Reflection from a multilayer mirror produces monochromatic 277-eV images of the Z-pinch plasma in the final stages of implosion and stagnation. Simultaneous imaging with a filtered pinhole camera or using a second mirror can yield multicolor X-ray images which contain spectral as well as spatial information, allowing for the study of radiation physics in dense Z-pinches. C1 [Jones, Brent; Coverdale, Christine A.; Mazarakis, Michael G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company. for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration Under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1277 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.920316 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200208 ER PT J AU Zier, J Gomez, MR French, DM Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY Tang, WW Ctlneo, ME Mehlhorn, TA Johnston, MD Mazarakis, MG AF Zier, Jacob Gomez, Matthew R. French, David M. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Lau, Yue Y. Tang, Wilkin W. Ctlneo, Michael E. Mehlhorn, Thomas A. Johnston, Mark D. Mazarakis, Michael G. TI Wire-tension effects on plasma dynamics in a two-wire Z-pinch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ablation; contact resistance; plasma; plasma; measurements; plasma pinch; Schlieren; wire expansion; wire tension; Z-pinch AB Heavier wire weights reduce contact resistance, which increases the energy deposition in wire plasma. Images from a two-wire Z-pinch showing the effects of wire tension on expansion performance are presented. C1 [Zier, Jacob; Gomez, Matthew R.; French, David M.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Yue Y.; Tang, Wilkin W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ctlneo, Michael E.; Mehlhorn, Thomas A.; Johnston, Mark D.; Mazarakis, Michael G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zier, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jzier@umich.edu FU National Physical Science; Sandia National Lahoratories; United States Department or Enerev (U.S. DoE); Sandia National Laboratories [240955]; University of Michigan.; U.S. DoE', National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the National Physical Science Consortium fellowship with Sandia National Lahoratories and in part by the United States Department or Enerev (U.S. DoE) through Sandia National Laboratories Award 240955 to the University of Michigan. Sandia is it tnttltiprogrant laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company. for the U.S. DoE', National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1284 EP 1285 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.920892 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200212 ER PT J AU Grava, J Purvis, MA Filevich, J Marconi, MC Dunn, J Moon, SJ Shlyaptsev, VN Rocca, JJ AF Grava, Jonathan Purvis, Michael A. Filevich, Jorge Marconi, Mario C. Dunn, James Moon, Stephen J. Shlyaptsev, V. N. Rocca, Jorge J. TI Soft X-ray laser interferometry of a dense plasma jet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma diagnostics; plasma jets; soft X-ray laser; soft X-ray laser interferometry ID DIAGNOSTICS AB Soft X-ray laser interferograms were acquired to map the evolution of a dense plasma jet created by the laser irradiation of a solid copper triangular target. The plasma is observed to rapidly expand along the symmetry plane of the target, forming a narrow plasma plume with measured electron densities of up to 1.2 x 10(20) cm(-3). C1 [Grava, Jonathan; Purvis, Michael A.; Filevich, Jorge; Marconi, Mario C.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dunn, James; Moon, Stephen J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shlyaptsev, V. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grava, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rocca@engr.colostate.edu FU National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Department of Energy Research [DE-FG52-06NA26152] FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances Program through the U.S. Department of Energy Research Grant DE-FG52-06NA26152. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1286 EP 1287 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.924402 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200213 ER PT J AU Barnat, EV AF Barnat, E. V. TI Structure in RF hydrogen plasma induced by magnetic field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE double layer; hydrogen plasma; magnetic field; radio frequency discharge AB Images of the spatial structure of a capacitively coupled hydrogen discharge are presented for various strengths of applied magnetic field. With increasing magnetic field, we find that not only does the distribution of emission change because of the confinement of the electrons by the magnetic field, but we also find "dark-bands" regions that form in the discharge. By using narrowband interference filters (similar to 10 nm bandwidth), we examine how the relative optical emission centered on H-alpha and H-beta (with respect to the total optical emission) change with the applied magnetic field. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barnat, EV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM evbarna@sandia.gov FU Applied Materials FX This work was supported in part by Applied Materials. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1362 EP 1363 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.917788 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AK UT WOS:000258618200251 ER PT J AU Grisham, LR Bacal, M Guharay, SK AF Grisham, Larry R. Bacal, Marthe Guharay, Samar K. TI Special issue on ion sources, fundamentals and applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grisham, Larry R.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bacal, Marthe] Plasma Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Guharay, Samar K.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1422 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.928751 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AL UT WOS:000258618300001 ER PT J AU Grisham, LR AF Grisham, Larry R. TI Negative halogen ion sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electronegative plasmas; fusion reactors; ion accelerators; ion beam applications; ion-ion plasmas; ion sources; negative ions; neutral beams ID ELECTRONEGATIVE GASES; MULTICUSP SOURCE; DENSITY FRONTS; NEUTRAL BEAMS; PLASMAS; FUSION; DISCHARGE; DRIVER; AFTERGLOW; JT-60U AB This paper reviews recent progress in developing high current density ion sources for positive and negative halogen ion beams. These sources have produced Cl- current densities almost equal to their positive chlorine current densities, and also close to the current densities of Ar+ beams extracted under similar conditions. The emittance of the Cl- and positive chlorine beams was at least as low as that of an Ar+ beam extracted from the same source. The coextracted electron ratios (e/Cl-) as low as six-seven were much lower than would be expected from the mass ratio dependence of mobility, and appear to be due to the existence of a novel plasma near the extraction plane composed primarily of positive ions and negative ions with few electrons. The results of research across the past eight decades into discharges with electronegative gases and vapors lend insight into the processes occurring in recent experiments, which employed innovations developed in the magnetic fusion energy program to produce high current D- beams. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lgrisham@pppl.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1512 EP 1518 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.917525 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AL UT WOS:000258618300010 ER PT J AU Ikeda, Y Hanada, M Kamada, M Kobayashi, K Umeda, N Akino, N Ebisawa, N Inoue, T Honda, A Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kikuchi, K Komata, M Mogaki, K Noto, K Oasa, K Oshima, K Sasaki, S Simizu, T Takenouchi, T Tanai, Y Usui, K Watanabe, K Grisham, LR Kobayashi, S Yamano, Y Takahashi, M AF Ikeda, Yoshitaka Hanada, Masaya Kamada, Masaki Kobayashi, Kaoru Umeda, Naotaka Akino, Noboru Ebisawa, Noboru Inoue, Takashi Honda, Atsushi Kawai, Mikito Kazawa, Minoru Kikuchi, Katsumi Komata, Masao Mogaki, Kazuhiko Noto, Katsuya Oasa, Kuzumi Oshima, Katsumi Sasaki, Shunichi Simizu, Tatsuya Takenouchi, Tadashi Tanai, Yutaka Usui, Katsutomi Watanabe, Kazuhiro Grisham, Larry R. Kobayashi, Shinichi Yamano, Yasushi Takahashi, Masahiro TI Recent R&D activities of negative-ion-based ion source for JT-60SA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam optics; injection power; JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60SA); negative ion beam; negative-ion-based NBI (N-NBI); neutral beam; voltage holding capability ID BEAM INJECTION SYSTEM; LONG-PULSE OPERATION; NBI SYSTEM; HIGH-POWER; PROGRESS; ITER; DRIVE AB The JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60SA) tokamak aims to perform the ITER support and to demonstrate steady-state high-beta plasma project with the collaboration between Japan and EU. To attain these objectives, the negative-ion-based NBI (N-NBI) system is required to inject 10 MW for 100 s at the beam energy of 500 keV. On JT-60U, the present N-NBI ion source has injected 3.2 MW for 21 s at 320 keV; however, three key issues should be solved for the JT-60SA N-NBI ion source. One is to improve the voltage holding capability of the large negative ion source, where the available acceleration voltage has been limited to less than similar to 400 kV due to breakdowns. The accelerator of the JT-60U ion source is composed of large three-stage grids and three fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) insulators. Recent R&D tests suggested that the FRP insulators were not the main factor to trigger the breakdowns at the early conditioning stage. The accelerator with a large area of grids and their supporting structure may need a high margin in the design of electric field and a long time for conditioning. The second issue is to reduce the power loading of the acceleration grids. It was found that some beamlets were strongly deflected due to beamlet-beamlet interaction and strike on the grounded grid in the accelerator. Moreover, the electrons generated in the accelerator caused the grid loading and the overheating of the beamline components. The acceleration grids for JT-60SA are to be designed by taking account of the beamlet-beamlet interaction and the applied magnetic field in 3-D simulation. Third is to maintain the D- production for 100 s. Although a constant D- beam power was confirmed on JT-60U for 21 s, an active cooling system is required to keep the temperature of the plasma grid (PG) under optimum condition during 100-s operation. A simple cooling structure is proposed for the active cooled PG, where a key is the temperature gradient on the PG for uniform D- production. In the present schedule, design work, reflecting the latest R&D progress, will continue until similar to 2011. The modified N-NBI ion source will start on JT-60SA in 2015. C1 [Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Kamada, Masaki; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Umeda, Naotaka; Akino, Noboru; Ebisawa, Noboru; Inoue, Takashi; Honda, Atsushi; Kawai, Mikito; Kazawa, Minoru; Kikuchi, Katsumi; Komata, Masao; Mogaki, Kazuhiko; Noto, Katsuya; Oasa, Kuzumi; Oshima, Katsumi; Sasaki, Shunichi; Simizu, Tatsuya; Takenouchi, Tadashi; Tanai, Yutaka; Usui, Katsutomi; Watanabe, Kazuhiro] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Grisham, Larry R.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kobayashi, Shinichi; Yamano, Yasushi; Takahashi, Masahiro] Saitama Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Syst, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RP Ikeda, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM ikeda.yoshitaka@jaea.go.jp NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1519 EP 1529 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.927382 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AL UT WOS:000258618300011 ER PT J AU Hanada, M Ikeda, Y Kamada, M Grisham, LR AF Hanada, Masaya Ikeda, Yoshitaka Kamada, Masaki Grisham, Laffy R. TI Power loading of electrons ejected from the JT-60 negative ion source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrons; JT-60U; negative ion sources; stripping losses ID NBI SYSTEM; OPERATION AB The power loading of electrons ejected from the negative ion accelerator to the beamline was first measured in the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector on JT-60U. At 0.3 Pa of the operating pressure in the are chamber, the heat flux and the total power load for the single segment were similar to 8 W/cm(2) and 27 kW for the D- ion beam of 300 keV and 3.4 A, respectively. The normalized total power loading on the electron dump was no more than 2.6% of the electric power in the acceleration power supply. About 70% of the total power is originated by the electrons stripped from D- ions due to collisions with residual gas molecules in the accelerator. The calculation of the stripped electron trajectories shows that the electrons stripped in the second acceleration gap are the main origin of the power loading in the beamline. C1 [Hanada, Masaya; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Kamada, Masaki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. [Grisham, Laffy R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hanada, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. EM hanada.masaya@jaea.go.jp FU NBI Heating Group FX The authors would like to thank other members of the NBI Heating Group, JAEA, for their valuable discussion and Dr. T. Tsunematsu and Dr. N. Hosogane for their support and encouragement. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1530 EP 1535 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.927289 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AL UT WOS:000258618300012 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Ben-Zvi, I Kayran, D Pogorelsky, I Pozdeyev, E Roser, T Yakimenko, V AF Litvinenko, Vladimir N. Ben-Zvi, Ilan Kayran, Dmitry Pogorelsky, Igor Pozdeyev, Eduard Roser, Thomas Yakimenko, Vitaly TI Potential uses of ERL-based gamma-ray sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energy recovery linac; free electron laser; gamma rays; isotopes far away front the island of stability; laser Compton backscattering; laser-generated gamma-ray beam; nuclear resonance; nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions; photodisintegration; photofission; polarization; polarized positron source; rare isotopes; transmutation of used nuclear fuel ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; DUKE STORAGE-RING; NUCLEAR-PHYSICS; ENERGY RECOVERY; TRANSMUTATION; POWER; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; GENERATION; RESONANCE AB We expand upon the idea of using gamma-rays for nuclear phototission of U-238 at the giant dipole resonance to generate rare neutron-reach nuclei. The SPIRAL If project proposes the employment of 10-20-MeV Bremsstrahlung gamma-rays generated by a 45-MeV electron beam /http://ganinfo.in2p3.fr/research/developments/spiral2/index.html/. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using a Compton gamma-ray source for such it process. The Collider Accelerator Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory is developing high-current (tip to 1 A), high-brightness (down to 1-mm (.) mrad normalized emittance), and high-energy energy-recovery linacs (up to 20-GeV electron beam energy for eRHIC). These electron beams are perfectly suited for generating photon beams with tremendous average power, approaching the megawatt level. The range of photon's energy extends from subelectronvolts from free-electron lasers to 10 GeV from the Compton process. In this paper, we focus on a gamma-ray source for producing rare isotopes. C1 [Litvinenko, Vladimir N.; Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Kayran, Dmitry; Pozdeyev, Eduard; Roser, Thomas] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Pogorelsky, Igor; Yakimenko, Vitaly] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1799 EP 1807 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.927140 PN 4 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 340AN UT WOS:000258618500017 ER PT J AU Doorman, GL Botterud, A AF Doorman, Gerard L. Botterud, Audun TI Analysis of generation investment under different market designs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE generation investment; market design; restructured power systems; simulation; stochastic dynamic programming ID CAPACITY; MODEL AB In this paper a stochastic dynamic optimization model is used to analyze the effect of different market designs on generation investment and demand. The expansion decisions of profit-maximizing investors are simulated under four different market designs: energy only, capacity payment, capacity obligation, and capacity subscription. The results show that the overall social welfare is reduced compared to a centralized social welfare optimization for the first three policies. In particular, an energy only market with a low price cap leads to insufficient generation investments. Capacity payments and obligations give additional investment incentives and more generating capacity, but also result in a considerable transfer of wealth from consumers to producers due to the capacity payments. In contrast, the capacity subscription policy increases the social welfare, and both producers and consumers benefit. This is possible because capacity subscription explicitly utilizes differences in consumers' preferences for uninterrupted supply, This advantage must be weighed against the cost of implementation, which is not included in the model. C1 [Doorman, Gerard L.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Power Engn, N-7493 Trondheim, Norway. [Botterud, Audun] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, CEEESA, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doorman, GL (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Power Engn, N-7493 Trondheim, Norway. EM gerard.doorman@elkraft.ntnu.no; abotterud@anl.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.022612 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 331SF UT WOS:000258032200005 ER PT J AU Marnay, C Venkataramanan, G Stadler, M Siddiqui, AS Firestone, R Chandran, B AF Marnay, Chris Venkataramanan, Giri Stadler, Michael Siddiqui, Afzal S. Firestone, Ryan Chandran, Bala TI Optimal technology selection and operation of commercial-building microgrids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE buildings; building management systems; cogeneration; cooling; cost optimal control; dispersed storage and generation; distributed control; optimization methods; power system economics; power system planning ID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION; MARKET; HEAT AB The deployment of small (< 1-2 MW) clusters of generators, heat and electrical storage, efficiency investments, and combined heat and power (CHP) applications (particularly involving heat-activated cooling) in commercial buildings promises significant benefits but poses many technical and financial challenges, both in system choice and its operation; if successful, such systems may be precursors to widespread microgrid deployment. The presented optimization approach to choosing such systems and their operating schedules uses Berkeley Lab's Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM), extended to incorporate electrical and thermal storage options. DER-CAM chooses annual energy bill minimizing systems in a fully technology-neutral manner. An illustrative example for a hypothetical San Francisco hotel is reported. The chosen system includes one large reciprocating engine and an absorption chiller providing an estimated 11% cost savings and 8% carbon emission reductions under idealized circumstances. C1 [Marnay, Chris; Stadler, Michael; Firestone, Ryan; Chandran, Bala] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Venkataramanan, Giri] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stadler, Michael] Ctr Energy & Innovat Technol, A-3683 Yspertal, Austria. [Siddiqui, Afzal S.] UCL, Dept Stat Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Marnay, Chris] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM C-Marnay@lbl.gov; giri@engr.wisc.edu; MStadler@lbl.gov; afzal@stats.uci.ac.uk; ryan.firestone@gmail.com; bgchandran@gmail.com NR 15 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 56 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 975 EP 982 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.922654 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 331SF UT WOS:000258032200017 ER PT J AU Oh, H Thomas, RJ AF Oh, HyungSeon Thomas, Robert J. TI Demand-side bidding agents: Modeling and simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bidding function; demand-side participation; interruptible load contracting; must-serve demand; price-based demand ID ELECTRIC-POWER; MARKETS AB Problems such as price volatility have been observed in electric power markets. Demand-side participation is frequently offered as a potential solution. by promising to increase market efficiency when hockey-stick-type offer curves are present. However, the individual end-consumer will surely value electricity differently, which makes demand-side participation difficult as a group and at a bus. In this paper demand is categorized into two groups: one that highly values reliability and one that does not. The two types are modeled separately and a new optimal bidding function is developed and tested based on this model. C1 [Oh, HyungSeon] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal & Applicat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Oh, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal & Applicat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Hyungseon-Oh@nrel.gov; rjt1@cornell.edu NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1056 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.922537 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 331SF UT WOS:000258032200025 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Lei-Gomez, Q Mirer, AG Seppanen, O Brunner, G AF Mendell, M. J. Lei-Gomez, Q. Mirer, A. G. Seppaenen, O. Brunner, G. TI Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE building-related symptoms; sick building syndrome; office buildings; humidification; ventilation; air-conditioning ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; WORKERS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION AB Building-related symptoms in office workers worldwide are common, but of uncertain etiology. One cause may be contaminants related to characteristics of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. We analyzed data from 97 representative air-conditioned US office buildings in the Building Assessment and Survey Evaluation (BASE) study. Using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for associations between building-related symptom outcomes and HVAC characteristics. Outdoor air intakes less than 60 m above ground level were associated with significant increases in most symptoms: e.g. for upper respiratory symptoms, OR for intake heights 30 to 60 m, 0 to < 30 m, and below ground level were 2.7, 2.0, and 2.1. Humidification systems with poor condition/maintenance were associated with significantly increased upper respiratory symptoms, eye symptoms, fatigue/difficulty concentrating, and skin symptoms, with OR = 1.5, 1.5, 1.7, and 1.6. Less frequent cleaning of cooling coils and drain pans was associated with significantly increased eye symptoms and headache, with OR = 1.7 and 1.6. Symptoms may be due to microbial exposures from poorly maintained ventilation systems and to greater levels of vehicular pollutants at air intakes nearer the ground level. Replication and explanation of these findings is needed. C1 [Mendell, M. J.; Mirer, A. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lei-Gomez, Q.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Seppaenen, O.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Helsinki, Finland. [Brunner, G.] US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00531.x PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 328DY UT WOS:000257779200006 PM 18492050 ER PT J AU Huang, HB Lin, MQ Wang, XQ Kikuchi, T Mottaz, H Norbeck, A Rikihisa, Y AF Huang, Haibin Lin, Mingqun Wang, Xueqi Kikuchi, Takane Mottaz, Heather Norbeck, Angela Rikihisa, Yasuko TI Proteomic analysis of and immune responses to Ehrlichia chaffeensis lipoproteins SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE LIPOPROTEINS; CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE; GLOBOMYCIN ANALOGS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular gram-negative bacterium and is the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Although E. chaffeensis induces the generation of several cytokines and chemokines by leukocytes, E. chaffeensis lacks lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Bioinfomatic analysis of the E. chaffeensis genome, however, predicted genes encoding 15 lipoproteins and 3 posttranstational lipoprotein-processing enzymes. The present study showed that by use of multidimensional liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry, all predicted lipoproteins as well as lipoprotein-proces sing enzymes were expressed by E. chaffeensis cultured in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Consistent with this observation, a signal peptidase 11 inhibitor, globomycin, was found to inhibit E. chaffeensis infection and lipoprotein processing in HL-60 cell culture. To study in vivo E. chaffeensis lipoprotein expression and host immune responses to E. chaffeensis lipoproteins, 13 E. chaffeensis lipoprotein genes were cloned into a mammalian expression vector. When the DNA constructs were inoculated into nalive dogs, or when dogs were infected with E. chaffeensis, the animals developed delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at cutaneous sites of the DNA construct deposition and serum antibodies to these lipoproteins. This is the first demonstration of lipoprotein expression and elicitation of immune responses by a member of the order Rickettsiales. Multiple lipoproteins expressed by E. chaffeensis in vitro and in vivo may play key roles in pathogenesis and immune responses in HME. C1 [Huang, Haibin; Lin, Mingqun; Wang, Xueqi; Kikuchi, Takane; Rikihisa, Yasuko] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mottaz, Heather; Norbeck, Angela] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rikihisa, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Coll Vet Med, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rikihisa.1@osu.edu RI Huang, Haibin/G-7364-2011; Lin, Mingqun/E-8855-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 A130100, R01 A147885] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 A130100 and R01 A147885. Proteomics analysis was Performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environnicinal Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We appreciate Vical, Incorporated, for kindly providing VR1020 and VR1055, and Shunichi Miyakoshi at Sankv(; Pharmaceutical Co. for kindly providing globornyclin. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 76 IS 8 BP 3405 EP 3414 DI 10.1128/IAI.00056-08 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 338BW UT WOS:000258480900005 PM 18490460 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Imre, D Nam, EJ Han, YP Mueller, K AF Zelenyuk, Alla Imre, Dan Nam, Eun Ju Han, Yiping Mueller, Klaus TI ClusterSculptor: Software for expert-steered classification of single particle mass spectra SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE single particle mass spectrometry; data classification; data visualization ID AIRBORNE PARTICLES; SPECTROMETRY; DENSITY; INSTRUMENT; MORPHOLOGY; AEROSOLS; ART-2A; SPLAT; SHAPE; SIZE AB To take full advantage of the vast amount of highly detailed data acquired by single particle mass spectrometers requires that the data be organized according to some rules that have the potential to be insightful. Most commonly cluster analysis methods are used to classify the individual particle mass spectra on the basis of their similarity. Cluster analysis is a powerful strategy for the exploration of high-dimensional data in the absence of a-priori hypotheses OF data classification models. However, more often than not, the examination of the data Clustering results reveals that many clusters contain particles of different types and that many particles of one type end up in a number of separate clusters. Our experience with cluster analysis shows that we have a vast amount of non-compiled knowledge and intuition that if brought to bear in this effort has the potential to greatly improve it. ClusterSculptor is software package designed to provide a comprehensive and intuitive visual framework to aid scientists introduce their vast knowledge into the data classification process. ClusterSculptor offers a wide variety of tools that are necessary for a high-dimensional, expert-driven activity we call cluster Sculpting. Cluster-Scultptor is designed to be coupled to SpectraMiner, our data mining and visualization software package. The data are first Visualized with SpectraMiner and identified problems are exported to ClusterSculptor, where the User steers the reclassification and recombination of clusters of tens Of thousands of particle mass spectra in real-time. The resulting Sculpted Clusters can be then imported back into SpectraMiner. Here we present the results of a study, in which Cluster-Sculptor is used to classify a complex dataset that includes single particle mass spectra of a variety of particle types. The compositions of these laboratory generated particles were carefully chosen to test some of the more difficult aspects of single particle mass spectroscopy. We demonstrate the use of ClusterSculptor to greatly improve chemical speciation of single particles by introducing expert input into data classification process. (C) 2008 Elsevier B,V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Imre, Dan] Imre Consulting, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nam, Eun Ju; Han, Yiping; Mueller, Klaus] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. Part of this research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.04.033 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 338OV UT WOS:000258518200001 ER PT J AU Beane, SR Orginos, K Savage, MJ AF Beane, Silas R. Orginos, Kostas Savage, Martin J. TI Hadronic interactions from lattice QCD SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE lattice QCD; nuclear physics; scattering ID PION-SCATTERING LENGTH; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORIES; NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; 2-PION WAVE-FUNCTION; MESON-MESON SYSTEM; LOW-ENERGY; WILSON FERMIONS; K SCATTERING AB We present an overview of recent efforts to calculate the interactions among hadrons using lattice QCD. After outlining the techniques that are used to extract scattering parameters, we detail the latest calculations of meson-meson scattering, baryon-baryon scattering and multi-meson systems obtained with domain-wall valence quarks on the staggered MILC lattices by the NPLQCD collaboration. Estimates of the computational resources required to achieve precision results in the baryon sector are presented. C1 [Beane, Silas R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Orginos, Kostas] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Orginos, Kostas] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Savage, Martin J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beane, SR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM silas@physics.unh.edu; kostas@jilab.org; savage@phys.washington.edu FU DOE [DE-FG03-97ER4014 (MJS), DE-AC05-06OR23177 (KO)]; NSF CAREER [PHY-0645570 (SB)]; Jeffress Memorial Trust [J-813]; DOE OJI [DE-FG02-07ER41527] FX We would like to thank Paulo Bedaque, William Detmold, Tom Luu, Elisabetta Pallante, Assumpta Parreno, Aaron Torok and Andre Walker-Loud who have all contributed to the work described in this review. Our computations were performed at JLab, FNAL, LLNL, NCSA, and CNdS (Barcelona). We acknowledge DOE Grants No. DE-FG03-97ER4014 (MJS), DE-AC05-06OR23177 (KO) and NSF CAREER Grant No. PHY-0645570 (SB). KO acknowledges the Jeffress Memorial Trust, Grant J-813 and a DOE OJI Grant DE-FG02-07ER41527. NR 202 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1157 EP 1218 DI 10.1142/S0218301308010404 PG 62 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 346DC UT WOS:000259047600001 ER PT J AU Wilmes, P Andersson, AF Lefsrud, MG Wexler, M Shah, M Zhang, B Hettich, RL Bond, PL VerBerkmoes, NC Banfield, JF AF Wilmes, Paul Andersson, Anders F. Lefsrud, Mark G. Wexler, Margaret Shah, Manesh Zhang, Bing Hettich, Robert L. Bond, Philip L. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Community proteogenomics highlights microbial strain-variant protein expression within activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis'; community proteogenomics; enhanced biological phosphorus removal; metaproteomics; proteomics; strain variation ID POLYPHOSPHATE-ACCUMULATING ORGANISMS; PHOSPHATE REMOVAL; WASTE-WATER; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; SPECIES RICHNESS; METABOLISM; BACTERIA; SCALE; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTS AB Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) selects for polyphosphate accumulating microorganisms to achieve phosphate removal from wastewater. We used high-resolution community proteomics to identify key metabolic pathways in 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' (A. phosphatis)-mediated EBPR and to evaluate the contributions of co-existing strains within the dominant population. Overall, 702 proteins from the A. phosphatis population were identified. Results highlight the importance of denitrification, fatty acid cycling and the glyoxylate bypass in EBPR. Strong similarity in protein profiles under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was uncovered (only 3% of A. phosphatis-associated proteins exhibited statistically significant abundance differences). By comprehensive genome-wide alignment of 13 930 orthologous proteins, we uncovered substantial differences in protein abundance for enzyme variants involved in both core-metabolism and EBPR-specific pathways among the A. phosphatis population. These findings suggest an essential role for genetic diversity in maintaining the stable performance of EBPR systems and, hence, demonstrate the power of integrated cultivation-independent genomics and proteomics for the analysis of complex biotechnological systems. C1 [Wilmes, Paul; Andersson, Anders F.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lefsrud, Mark G.] McGill Univ, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Wexler, Margaret] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Shah, Manesh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zhang, Bing] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN USA. [Hettich, Robert L.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bond, Philip L.] Univ Queensland, Adv Wastewater Management Ctr, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phil.bond@uq.edu.au; jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Bond, Philip/C-6046-2009; Wexler, Margaret/G-3423-2011; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Bond, Philip/0000-0002-9025-4797; Wilmes, Paul/0000-0002-6478-2924; Andersson, Anders/0000-0002-3627-6899 NR 50 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 8 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1038/ismej.2008.38 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 335CF UT WOS:000258267700007 PM 18449217 ER PT J AU Wade, EE Farquar, GR Steele, PT McJimpsey, EL Lebrilla, CB Fergenson, DP AF Wade, Elisabeth E. Farquar, George R. Steele, Paul T. McJimpsey, Erica L. Lebrilla, Carlito B. Fergenson, David P. TI Wavelength and size dependence in single particle laser aerosol mass spectra SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE single particle aerosol mass spectrometry; wavelength dependence; desorption/ionization ID REAL-TIME; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ION FORMATION; SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MALDI; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS AB The impact of particle size and desorption/ionization laser wavelength on ion signal in single particle laser mass spectrometry was investigated. Individual particles of alpha-cyano hydroxy-cinnamic acid, dihydroxy benzoic acid, and nitroguanadine were sized, tracked, and desorbed/ionized by 266 or 355 nm laser light, and the resulting mass spectra were analyzed. Sodium ion signal and total ion signal were determined. Sodium ion is a measure of desorption efficiency, while total ion signal is sensitive to both desorption and ionization. The sodium ion signal was found to be independent of wavelength, above a minimum laser energy which varied by compound. The total ion signal was found to be higher for 266 run desorption/ionization laser mass spectra in most cases. The sodium ion and total ion signals were found to be linear with particle size, regardless of laser energy or wavelength. Both sodium ion and total ion signals were also found to vary roughly linearly with laser energy, showing a Much weaker dependance oil laser energy than predicted by MALDI results. These results suggest that the absorbance spectrum of the Compound does not predict desorption and ionization efficiency, above some minimum laser energy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farquar, George R.; Steele, Paul T.; McJimpsey, Erica L.; Fergenson, David P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wade, Elisabeth E.] Mills Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. [McJimpsey, Erica L.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Farquar, GR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM farquar2@llnl.gov FU University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX The authors would like to thank Raul Garza of LLNL for providing the NQ sample. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-ENG-48. E.A.W. would like to acknowledge the support of the Mills College Faculty Development Fund. All opinions expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 657 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.03.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342NQ UT WOS:000258791200002 ER PT J AU Weissbach, T Leisegang, T Kreyssig, A Frontzek, M Hoffmann, JU Souptel, D Kohler, A Behr, G Paufler, P Meyer, DC AF Weissbach, Torsten Leisegang, Tilmann Kreyssig, Andreas Frontzek, Matthias Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe Souptel, Dmitri Koehler, Anke Behr, Guenter Paufler, Peter Meyer, Dirk C. TI Intergrowth of several solid phases from the Y-Ni-B-C system in a large YNi(2)B(2)C crystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-TREATMENT; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HONI2B2C; MAGNETISM; GROWTH; TB; HO AB A YNi(2)B(2)C single crystal containing traces of foreign phases was inspected by means of neutron and X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The diffraction patterns obtained from the experiments look similar to those expected for a superstructure. Nevertheless, they can be interpreted as crystallographically oriented precipitations of YB(2)C(2) and Ni(2)B within the YNi(2)B(2)C crystal, formed during the cooling process. The orientation relation between the lattices was obtained from experimental neutron and X-ray data. Structure refinements of the collected X-ray data were performed by separation of the intensity data of the individual phases. Scanning electron microscopy images of the inclusions found on a polished cross section of the crystal are presented; their chemical composition was determined using wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis. C1 [Weissbach, Torsten; Leisegang, Tilmann; Paufler, Peter; Meyer, Dirk C.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Strukturphys, Fachbereich Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kreyssig, Andreas; Frontzek, Matthias] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, Fachbereich Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kreyssig, Andreas] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kreyssig, Andreas] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-01409 Berlin, Germany. [Souptel, Dmitri; Koehler, Anke; Behr, Guenter] Leibniz Inst Feskorper & Werkstoffforsch IFW Dres, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Weissbach, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Strukturphys, Fachbereich Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM weistl@physik.phy.tu-dresden.de RI Frontzek, Matthias/C-5146-2012; Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe/J-6035-2013 OI Frontzek, Matthias/0000-0001-8704-8928; Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-3651-958X NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1107/S002188980801279X PN 4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 327AC UT WOS:000257700100012 ER PT J AU Martin, CD AF Martin, C. David TI The local post-perovskite structure and its temperature dependence: atom-pair distances in CaIrO3 revealed through analysis of the total X-ray scattering at high temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; EARTHS LOWER MANTLE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE; POWDER DIFFRACTION; NAMGF3 PEROVSKITE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AVERAGE STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE MODEL AB The temperature-dependent post-perovskite structure model of MgSiO3 is reinvestigated through analysis of the atom-pair distances observed experimentally via Fourier transformation of X-ray diffraction and diffuse scattering, the total X-ray scattering, from CaIrO3. In contrast to the results of a previous Rietveld structure refinement, which shows a negative or null thermal expansion of Ir-O and Ca-O bond lengths within the average long-range structure, visual inspection of these atom-pair distances in the pair-distribution function, in addition to structure models fitted through least-squares refinement to this local-structure data, strongly suggests that these distances between atom pairs increase with temperature. The average long-range structure of CaIrO3, visible from Rietveld structure refinement, is distinct from the short-range structure (<= 18 angstrom) at all of the temperatures examined in this study (325-1114 K) and is reproduced in structure models fitted to the pair-distribution function extending to sufficiently long atom-pair distances (similar to 50 angstrom). While previous data obtained with Rietveld structure refinement show the iridium coordination octahedra to distort with increasing temperature, models of the short-range structure demonstrate that these polyhedra instead reduce distortion and rotate in a manner similar to that occurring in the perovskite structure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM c.dave.martin@gmail.com NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1107/S0021889808019365 PN 4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 327AC UT WOS:000257700100017 ER PT J AU Chupas, PJ Chapman, KW Kurtz, C Hanson, JC Lee, PL Grey, CP AF Chupas, Peter J. Chapman, Karena W. Kurtz, Charles Hanson, Jonathan C. Lee, Peter L. Grey, Clare P. TI A versatile sample-environment cell for non-ambient X-ray scattering experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; IN-SITU; DIFFRACTION; ZN; CD; CU AB A compact reaction cell is described for in-situ experiments requiring control of both the temperature of the sample and the atmosphere over the sample. The cell incorporates an optional furnace capable of temperatures of up to similar to 1273 K. The compact design and ability of the cell to mount directly on a standard goniometer head allows portability to a large number of diffraction instruments at synchrotron sources. C1 [Chupas, Peter J.; Chapman, Karena W.; Kurtz, Charles; Lee, Peter L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hanson, Jonathan C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Grey, Clare P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chupas, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chupas@anl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 15 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 9 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 BP 822 EP 824 DI 10.1107/S0021889808020165 PN 4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 327AC UT WOS:000257700100027 ER PT J AU McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Clipson, NJW Forristal, PD Doyle, EM AF McEniry, J. O'Kiely, P. Clipson, N. J. W. Forristal, P. D. Doyle, E. M. TI Bacterial community dynamics during the ensilage of wilted grass SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial community; baled silage; fermentation; grass silage; precision-chop silage ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; T-RFLP; SILAGE FERMENTATION; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; MICROORGANISMS; DIVERSITY; HETEROGENEITY; GENES AB Aims: Grass silage is the product formed by a natural lactic acid bacterial fermentation when grass is stored under anaerobic conditions, and represents an important ruminant feedstuff on farms during winter. Of the two commonly employed methods of ensiling forage, baled silage composition frequently differs from that of comparable precision-chop silage reflecting a different ensiling environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the silage fermentation in wilted grass and between ensiling systems. Methods and Results: Fermentation dynamics were examined using traditional methods of silage analyses, including microbial enumeration and analysis of fermentation products, and culture-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). A successful fermentation was achieved in both systems, with the fermentation (increase in lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid concentration, decrease in pH) proceeding rapidly once the herbage was ensiled. Conclusions: Under controlled conditions, little difference in silage quality and microbial composition were observed between ensiling systems and this was further reflected in the T-RFLP community analysis. Significance and Impact of the Study: T-RFLP proved a potentially useful tool to study the ensilage process and could provide valid support to traditional methods, or a viable alternative to these methods, for investigating the dynamics of the bacterial community over the course of the fermentation. C1 [McEniry, J.; O'Kiely, P.] TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. [McEniry, J.; Clipson, N. J. W.; Doyle, E. M.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Forristal, P. D.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Co Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Kiely, P (reprint author), TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM padraig.okiely@teagasc.ie NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03802.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 325CI UT WOS:000257565400005 PM 18422959 ER PT J AU Baer, BJ Chang, ME Evans, WJ AF Baer, Bruce J. Chang, Melanie E. Evans, William J. TI Raman shift of stressed diamond anvils: Pressure calibration and culet geometry dependence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RUBY FLUORESCENCE; GPA; LINE; SPECTRA; D2 AB The pressure dependence of the Raman shift of diamond for highly stressed anvils at the diamond anvil sample interface has been measured for different culet shapes up to 180 GPa at ambient temperature. By using hydrogen samples, which constitute both a quasihydrostatic medium and a sensitive pressure sensor, some of the effects of culet and tip size have been determined. We propose that the divergent results in the literature can be partly ascribed to different anvil geometries. Experiments show increasing second order dependence of the diamond Raman shift with pressure for decreasing tip size. This is an important consideration when using the diamond anvils as a pressure sensor. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Baer, Bruce J.; Evans, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div H, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Chang, Melanie E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Baer, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div H, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM baer4@lln1.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL LDRD office [05-ERD-036] FX We would like to thank Ken Visbeck for his many contributions with the high pressure gas loading system and assistance in sample preparation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We also acknowledge support from the LLNL LDRD office (05-ERD-036). NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 034504 DI 10.1063/1.2963360 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900141 ER PT J AU Biswas, K Myles, CW Sanati, M Nolas, GS AF Biswas, Koushik Myles, Charles W. Sanati, Mahdi Nolas, G. S. TI Thermal properties of guest-free Si(136) and Ge(136) clathrates: A first-principles study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; GERMANIUM; FRAMEWORK AB We have used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory to study the vibrational and thermal properties of guest-free Si(136) and Ge(136) clathrates. In order to study the effects of supercell size on our results, we have performed both 34 and 136 atom supercell calculations for each material. We find that the 34 atom supercell calculations predict a small frequency downshift (in comparison with the 136 atom supercell calculations) in the vibrational density of states of both materials. The GGA-predicted Gamma phonon frequency of Si(136) (480 cm(-1) at T=0 K) obtained from the 136 atom calculations is in very good agreement with the experimental value for Na(1)Si(136) (484 cm(-1) at T=300 K). Using the results from our 136 atom calculations, we have also calculated the temperature dependence of the vibrational contributions to the Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, and the specific heat (C(V)) of the guest-free Si(136) and Ge(136) clathrates. The predicted and experimental heat capacities of Si(136) are found to be in close agreement. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Biswas, Koushik; Myles, Charles W.; Sanati, Mahdi] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Biswas, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM koushik_biswas@nrel.gov FU State of Texas; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX The work of M. S. was supported by a grant from the Advanced Research Program of the State of Texas. G. S.N. acknowledges support by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46145. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033535 DI 10.1063/1.2960580 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900061 ER PT J AU Francis, MF Neurock, MN Zhou, XW Quan, JJ Wadley, HNG Webb, EB AF Francis, M. F. Neurock, M. N. Zhou, X. W. Quan, J. J. Wadley, H. N. G. Webb, Edmund B., III TI Atomic assembly of Cu/Ta multilayers: Surface roughness, grain structure, misfit dislocations, and amorphization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL-METAL INTERFACES; THIN-FILM DEPOSITION; ION-ASSISTED CONTROL; CU-TA SYSTEM; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; INCIDENT ENERGY AB Molecular dynamics simulations and selected experiments have been carried out to study the growth of Cu films on (010) bcc Ta and the deposition of Cu(x)Ta(1-x) alloy films on (111) fcc Cu. They indicate that fcc Cu films with a (111) texture are always formed when Cu is deposited on Ta surfaces. These films are polycrystalline even when the Ta substrate is single crystalline. The grains have one of two different orientations and are separated by either orientational or misfit dislocations. Periodic misfit dislocations and stacking faults develop within these grains to release structure difference induced misfit strain energy. The Cu film surface roughness was found to decrease with increase in the adatom energy for deposition. When Cu(x)Ta(1-x) is deposited on Ta, the films always have a higher Cu composition than that of the vapor mixture. This arises from a surface segregation phenomenon. When the Cu and Ta fractions in the films are comparable, amorphous structures form. The fundamental origins for the segregation and amorphization phenomena are discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Francis, M. F.; Neurock, M. N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Zhou, X. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wadley, H. N. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Webb, Edmund B., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Francis, MF (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mff7d@virginia.edu; xzhou@sandia.gov OI Francis, Michael/0000-0002-5430-0661 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 034310 DI 10.1063/1.2968240 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900132 ER PT J AU Hook, DA Timpe, SJ Dugger, MT Krim, J AF Hook, D. Adam Timpe, Shannon J. Dugger, Michael T. Krim, Jacqueline TI Tribological degradation of fluorocarbon coated silicon microdevice surfaces in normal and sliding contact SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MEMS; FRICTION AB Reported here is a study of the tribological degradation of the contact interface of a fluorocarbon monolayer-coated polycrystalline silicon microdevice. A surface micromachined silicon tribometer is employed to track changes in the adhesion and friction properties during repetitive normal and sliding contacts. Evidence for tribological degradation commences immediately for parallel sliding contact motion, and is slightly delayed in the case of repetitive impact loading normal to the surface. The observed changes in interfacial behavior indicate dramatic changes in the chemical (i.e., surface energy) and physical (i.e., roughness, real contact area, etc.) nature of the contacting surfaces. Results from microscale sliding and impact experiments are interpreted in the light of the primary physical and chemical degradation mechanisms of monolayer-coated silicon microdevices. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hook, D. Adam; Krim, Jacqueline] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Timpe, Shannon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dugger, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Krim, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkrim@ncsu.edu FU AFOSR Extreme Friction [MURI F49620-01-1-0132/FA9550-04-1-0381]; Sandia National Laboratories; Lockheed Martin Co.; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Special thanks to Josh Wien for AFM data taken at the AML at University of New Mexico. The AFOSR Extreme Friction MURI F49620-01-1-0132/FA9550-04-1-0381 and Sandia National Laboratories are gratefully acknowledged for supporting the work reported here. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 034303 DI 10.1063/1.2960567 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900125 ER PT J AU Hulbert, DM Anders, A Dudina, DV Andersson, J Jiang, D Unuvar, C Anselmi-Tamburini, U Lavernia, EJ Mukherjee, AK AF Hulbert, Dustin M. Anders, Andre Dudina, Dina V. Andersson, Joakim Jiang, Dongtao Unuvar, Cosan Anselmi-Tamburini, Umberto Lavernia, Enrique J. Mukherjee, Amiya K. TI The absence of plasma in "spark plasma sintering" SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINTERING/SYNTHESIS PROCESS; FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS; CONSOLIDATION; GROWTH; NOISE; FIELD; SPS AB Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a remarkable method for synthesizing and consolidating a large variety of both novel and traditional materials. There are a number of mechanisms proposed to account for the enhanced sintering abilities of the SPS process. Of these mechanisms, the one most commonly put forth and the one that draws the most controversy involves the presence of momentary plasma generated between particles. This study employs three separate experimental methods in an attempt to determine the presence or absence of plasma during SPS. The methods employed include in situ atomic emission spectroscopy, direct visual observation, and ultrafast in situ voltage measurements. Using these experimental techniques, no evidence of plasma was found during the SPS process. This result was confirmed using several different powders across a wide spectrum of SPS conditions. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hulbert, Dustin M.; Dudina, Dina V.; Jiang, Dongtao; Unuvar, Cosan; Anselmi-Tamburini, Umberto; Lavernia, Enrique J.; Mukherjee, Amiya K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anders, Andre; Andersson, Joakim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Plasma Applicat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukherjee, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akmukherjee@ucdavis.edu RI Andersson, Joakim/A-3017-2009; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Andersson, Joakim/0000-0003-2991-1927; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0148, N00014-07-1-0745, N00014-08-1-0405]; Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0348]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under Dr. Larry Kabacoff (Grant Nos. N00014-03-1-0148, N00014-07-1-0745, and N00014-08-1-0405) and the Army Research Office under Dr. Sheldon Cytron (Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0348). The authors thank Phil Landenla from Ocean Optics for experimental assistance. Work by Berkeley Laboratory employees was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231) NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033305 DI 10.1063/1.2963701 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900024 ER PT J AU Ingole, S Aella, P Manandhar, P Chikkannanavar, SB Akhadov, EA Smith, DJ Picraux, ST AF Ingole, S. Aella, P. Manandhar, P. Chikkannanavar, S. B. Akhadov, E. A. Smith, D. J. Picraux, S. T. TI Ex situ doping of silicon nanowires with boron (vol 103, art no 104302, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Ingole, S.; Aella, P.; Smith, D. J.; Picraux, S. T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Manandhar, P.; Chikkannanavar, S. B.; Akhadov, E. A.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnoligies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ingole, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM picraux@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 039907 DI 10.1063/1.2958313 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900174 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, M Hirata, A Naito, M Bae, IT Zhang, YW Weber, WJ AF Ishimaru, Manabu Hirata, Akihiko Naito, Muneyuki Bae, In-Tae Zhang, Yanwen Weber, William J. TI Direct observations of thermally induced structural changes in amorphous silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IMPLANTATION; RELAXATION AB Thermally induced structural relaxation in amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) has been examined by means of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amorphous SiC was prepared by high-energy ion beam irradiation into a single crystalline 4H-SiC substrate. Cross-sectional TEM observations and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements revealed that thermal annealing induces a remarkable volume reduction, so-called densification, of amorphous SiC. From radial distribution function analyses using electron diffraction, notable changes associated with structural relaxation were observed in chemical short-range order. It was confirmed that the structural changes observed by the in situ TEM study agree qualitatively with those of the bulk material. On the basis of the alteration of chemical short-range order, we discuss the origin of thermally induced densification in amorphous SiC. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ishimaru, Manabu; Hirata, Akihiko; Naito, Muneyuki] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Bae, In-Tae; Zhang, Yanwen; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ishimaru@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Hirata, Akihiko/A-4850-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0576RL01830]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy; Special Education and Research Expenses "Post-Silicon Materials and Devices Research Alliance"; Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (C) [19560664]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan FX We would like to thank Professor Hirotsu for his establishment of a precise quantitative analytical technique of electron diffraction intensities for radial distribution function analysis. A portion of the research described in this paper was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0576RL01830. The operational support for the EMSL accelerator was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy. Funding from the Special Education and Research Expenses "Post-Silicon Materials and Devices Research Alliance" and the Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant No. 19560664) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan was also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033503 DI 10.1063/1.2960342 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900029 ER PT J AU Kuepper, K Raekers, M Taubitz, C Hesse, H Neumann, M Young, AT Piamonteze, C Bondino, F Prince, KC AF Kuepper, K. Raekers, M. Taubitz, C. Hesse, H. Neumann, M. Young, A. T. Piamonteze, C. Bondino, F. Prince, K. C. TI Fe valence state of Sr(2)FeMoO(6) probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy: The sample age matters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY ORDERED SR2FEMOO6; DOUBLE PEROVSKITE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; DICHROISM; OXIDES AB Several studies of the magnetic properties of Sr(2)FeMoO(6), a half metallic double perovskite showing large magneto resistance effects at room temperature, by means of site specific x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have led to very different results concerning the Fe valence state. We present a detailed study of a Sr(2)FeMoO(6) sample, which has been probed by means of XAS and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) over several years. We find a mixed valent Fe(2+), Fe(3+) state, which shifts toward Fe(3+) with time. An understanding of such a chemical change is of importance for potential applications of Sr(2)FeMoO(6) and related transition metal oxides. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kuepper, K.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Raekers, M.; Taubitz, C.; Hesse, H.; Neumann, M.] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Young, A. T.; Piamonteze, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bondino, F.] Lab Nazl TASC INFM CNR, Basovizza Trieste, Italy. [Prince, K. C.] Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Kuepper, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Festkorperphys, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM kkuepper@uos.de; mneumann@uos.de RI Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016; Kupper, Karsten/G-1397-2016; OI Bondino, Federica/0000-0001-6505-9319 FU Lower Saxony, Germany; Elettra; ALS; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Financial support of the Ph. D. program of the federal state of Lower Saxony, Germany is gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to A. Winarski for helping us with XRD and for fruitful discussions. We thank the beamline staff at Elettra and the ALS for their excellent support. Parts of the present work have been performed at the ALS, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 036103 DI 10.1063/1.2955749 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900163 ER PT J AU Millett, PC Wolf, D Desai, T Rokkam, S El-Azab, A AF Millett, Paul C. Wolf, Dieter Desai, Tapan Rokkam, Srujan El-Azab, Anter TI Phase-field simulation of thermal conductivity in porous polycrystalline microstructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-GROWTH; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; 2ND-PHASE PARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; MODEL; BOUNDARIES AB Mesoscale computer simulations are used to study the effective thermal conductivity of two-dimensional polycrystalline model microstructures containing finely dispersed stationary voids. The microstructural evolution is captured by phase-field modeling in which the competing mechanisms of curvature-driven grain-boundary (GB) migration and Zener pinning due to the void/grain-boundary interactions control the grain-growth kinetics. We investigate porosity fractions between 0% and 8% by systematically increasing the number of voids in the simulation cell. The temperature distribution throughout the microstructure at progressive instances in time is calculated by solving the solid-state heat-conduction equation. The thermal conductivity of each grid point is assigned a value according to the microstructural feature it represents (grain interiors, GBs, and voids) as determined by the phase-field order parameters. The effective conductivities of the microstructures are analyzed with respect to average grain size as well as porosity fraction, and good agreement with theoretical models is obtained. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Millett, Paul C.; Wolf, Dieter; Desai, Tapan] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Rokkam, Srujan; El-Azab, Anter] Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM paul.millet@inl.gov RI Rokkam, Srujan/E-7061-2010 FU INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development [DE-AC07-051D14517V]; DOE/BES; INL High-Performance Computing group FX This work was supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-051D14517V, as well as the DOE/BES funded Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) project on "Multi-scale simulation of thermo-mechanical processes in irradiated fission-reactor materials." The authors also gratefully acknowledge technical support from the INL High-Performance Computing group. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033512 DI 10.1063/1.2964116 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900038 ER PT J AU Ruault, MO Fortuna, F Borodin, VA Ganchenkova, MG Kirk, MA AF Ruault, M. -O. Fortuna, F. Borodin, V. A. Ganchenkova, M. G. Kirk, M. A. TI Nucleation and growth of cobalt disilicide precipitates during in situ transmission electron microscopy implantation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM SYNTHESIS; DOPED SILICON; AB-INITIO; DIFFUSION; IRRADIATION; METALS; SILICIDES; ELEMENTS; DEFECTS; LAYERS AB The paper is aimed at getting deeper insight into the fundamental mechanisms that govern CoSi2 precipitate nucleation and growth during Co ion implantation at high temperatures (500-650 degrees C). Information about nucleation and growth of metal silicides as a function of temperature and implantation flux is provided by experiments on cobalt implantation in silicon, performed directly by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The main attention is paid to the nucleation of B-type precipitates, which dominate under ion implantation conditions. The obtained quantitative behavior of precipitate number density and size and the scaling of these values with implantation flux are discussed and rationalized in terms of analytical and simulation approaches. An atomistic model of B-type precipitate nucleation based on the first-principles calculations of relative energetic efficiency of different Co clusters is proposed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ruault, M. -O.; Fortuna, F.] CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Borodin, V. A.] RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. [Ganchenkova, M. G.] Aalto Univ, Espoo 02015, Finland. [Kirk, M. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ruault, MO (reprint author), CSNSM, Batiment 108, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM marie.odile.ruault@csnsm.in2p3.fr FU French-Russian Cooperation [6557]; CNRS and Argonne National Laboratory [06 08-81031, 08-08-90012]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Academy of Finland FX We wish to thank O. Kaitasov for her essential contribution to the in situ implantation experiments at Orsay, and P. Baldo for his technical assistance at Argonne.; The work was supported in part by the French-Russian Cooperation Project No. 6557 from CNRS, by a bilateral French-U.S. collaboration program between CNRS and Argonne National Laboratory (2006-2008), by Grant Nos. 06 08-81031 and 08-08-90012 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and by the Academy of Finland through the Centers of Excellence program (2006-2011). We also wish to thank IDRIS (Orsay, France) and the Center for Scientific Computing (Helsinki, Finland) for the use of their computational facilities. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033527 DI 10.1063/1.2964098 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900053 ER PT J AU Sorge, KD Klein, KL Melechko, AV Finkel, CL Malkina, O Leventouri, T Fowlkes, JD Rack, PD Simpson, ML AF Sorge, K. D. Klein, K. L. Melechko, A. V. Finkel, C. L. Malkina, O. Leventouri, Th. Fowlkes, J. D. Rack, P. D. Simpson, M. L. TI Magnetic properties of Fe-Co catalysts used for carbon nanofiber synthesis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; NI; NANOTUBES; CLUSTERS; DELIVERY; COBALT; ALLOYS; ARRAYS AB The magnetic properties of Fe-Co alloys used as catalysts for vertically aligned carbon nanofiber growth are presented at several stages in the formation process: from thin films to dewetted islands to carbon-encapsulated particles. Electron microscopy shows their morphological properties as a function of the alloy ratio. The magnetic properties are investigated by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry in a field range of vertical bar H vertical bar <= 20 kOe and temperatures between 2 and 330 K. Magnetization measurements illustrate a composition dependence of the magnetic properties. In addition, there is a significant amount of metal that is not incorporated in the resultant catalyst particles. This metal is superparamagnetic (SPM) and features of the magnetization curve shed light on the magnetic moment distribution of these SPM clusters. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sorge, K. D.; Finkel, C. L.; Malkina, O.; Leventouri, Th.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Klein, K. L.; Fowlkes, J. D.; Rack, P. D.; Simpson, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Klein, K. L.; Fowlkes, J. D.; Rack, P. D.; Simpson, M. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Melechko, A. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sorge, KD (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM sorge@physics.fau.edu RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 FU Material Sciences and Engineering Division Program of the DOE, Office of Science; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities; U. S. Department of Energy FX K. D. S., A. V. M., and M. L. S. acknowledge support from the Material Sciences and Engineering Division Program of the DOE, Office of Science. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U. S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank H. M. Meyer, III for assistance with AES. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033909 DI 10.1063/1.2960572 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900097 ER PT J AU Zuo, QH Dienes, JK Middleditch, J Meyer, HW AF Zuo, Q. H. Dienes, J. K. Middleditch, J. Meyer, H. W., Jr. TI Modeling anisotropic damage in an encapsulated ceramic under ballistic impact (vol 104, art no 023508, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Zuo, Q. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Dienes, J. K.; Middleditch, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Meyer, H. W., Jr.] USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zuo, QH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM zuo@eng.uah.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 039904 DI 10.1063/1.2971969 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900171 ER PT J AU Pichugina, YL Banta, RM Kelley, ND Jonkman, BJ Tucker, SC Newsom, RK Brewer, WA AF Pichugina, Yelena L. Banta, Robert M. Kelley, Neil D. Jonkman, Bonnie J. Tucker, Sara C. Newsom, Rob K. Brewer, W. Alan TI Horizontal-velocity and variance measurements in the stable boundary layer using Doppler lidar: Sensitivity to averaging procedures SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY JUN, 2006 CL Boulder, CO ID LOW-LEVEL JET; BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; SPECTRAL PEAK ESTIMATION; DYNAMICAL IMPLICATIONS; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; ACCUMULATION; CASES-99; STABILITY; FLUXES; ENERGY AB Quantitative data on turbulence variables aloft-above the region of the atmosphere conveniently measured from towers-have been an important but difficult measurement need for advancing understanding and modeling of the stable boundary layer (SBL). Vertical profiles of streamwise velocity variances obtained from NOAA's high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL), which have been shown to be approximately equal to turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) for stable conditions, are a measure of the turbulence in the SBL. In the present study, the mean horizontal wind component U and variance sigma(2)(u) were computed from HRDL measurements of the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity using a method described by Banta et al., which uses an elevation (vertical slice) scanning technique. The method was tested on datasets obtained during the Lamar Low-Level Jet Project (LLLJP) carried out in early September 2003, near the town of Lamar in southeastern Colorado. This paper compares U with mean wind speed obtained from sodar and sonic anemometer measurements. The results for the mean U and mean wind speed measured by sodar and in situ instruments for all nights of LLLJP show high correlation (0.71-0.97), independent of sampling strategies and averaging procedures, and correlation coefficients consistently > 0.9 for four high-wind nights, when the low-level jet speeds exceeded 15 m s(-1) at some time during the night. Comparison of estimates of variance, on the other hand, proved sensitive to both the spatial and temporal averaging parameters. Several series of averaging tests are described, to find the best correlation between TKE calculated from sonic anemometer data at several tower levels and lidar measurements of horizontal-velocity variance sigma(2)(u). Because of the nonstationarity of the SBL data, the best results were obtained when the velocity data were first averaged over intervals of 1 min, and then further averaged over 3-15 consecutive 1-min intervals, with best results for the 10- and 15-min averaging periods. For these cases, correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9. As a part of the analysis, Eulerian integral time scales (tau) were estimated for the four high-wind nights. Time series of tau through each night indicated erratic behavior consistent with the nonstationarity. Histograms of tau showed a mode at 4-5 s, but frequent occurrences of larger tau values, mostly between 10 and 100 s. C1 [Pichugina, Yelena L.; Tucker, Sara C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Banta, Robert M.; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, Neil D.; Jonkman, Bonnie J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), NOAA, CSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yelena.pichugina@noaa.gov RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA988.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347PO UT WOS:000259153700006 ER PT J AU Shi, L Deng, S Marshall, MJ Wang, ZM Kennedy, DW Dohnalkova, AC Mottaz, HM Hill, EA Gorby, YA Beliaev, AS Richardson, DJ Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK AF Shi, Liang Deng, Shuang Marshall, Matthew J. Wang, Zheming Kennedy, David W. Dohnalkova, Alice C. Mottaz, Heather M. Hill, Eric A. Gorby, Yuri A. Beliaev, Alexander S. Richardson, David J. Zachara, John M. Fredrickson, James K. TI Direct involvement of type II secretion system in extracellular translocation of Shewanella oneidensis outer membrane cytochromes MtrC and OmcA SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; PROTEIN SECRETION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; MR-1; RESPIRATION; REDUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; LIPOPROTEINS; MECHANISMS; GEOBACTER AB MtrC and OmcA are cell surface-exposed lipoproteins important for reducing solid metal oxides. Deletions of type II secretion system (T2SS) genes reduced their extracellular release and their accessibility to the proteinase K treatment, demonstrating the direct involvement of T2SS in translocation of MtrC and OmcA to the bacterial cell surface. C1 [Shi, Liang; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Gorby, Yuri A.] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Richardson, David J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM liang.shi@pnl.gov; jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov RI Richardson, David/E-2275-2011; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 28 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 190 IS 15 BP 5512 EP 5516 DI 10.1128/JB.00514-08 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 332VV UT WOS:000258112100038 PM 18502849 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Jones, RE Boyce, BL AF Nguyen, T. D. Jones, R. E. Boyce, B. L. TI A nonlinear anisotropic viscoelastic model for the tensile behavior of the corneal stroma SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cornea; viscoelasticity; anisotropy; creep; mechanical behavior; tissue mechanics ID MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; CONNECTIVE TISSUES; STRESS-RELAXATION; BOVINE CORNEA; ORGANIZATION; DEFORMATION; TENDONS AB Tensile strip experiments of bovine corneas have shown that the tissue exhibits a nonlinear rate-dependent stress-strain response and a highly nonlinear creep response that depends on the applied hold stress. In this paper, we present a constitutive model for the finite deformation, anisotropic, nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the corneal stroma. The model formulates the elastic and viscous response of the stroma as the average of the elastic and viscous response of the individual lamellae weighted by a probability density function of the preferred in-plane lamellar orientations. The result is a microstructure-based model that incorporates the viscoelastic properties of the matrix and lamellae and the lamellar architecture in the response of the stroma. In addition, the model includes a fully nonlinear description of the viscoelastic response of the lamellar(fiber) level. This is in contrast to previous microstructure-based models of fibrous soft tissues, which relied on quasilinear viscoelastic formulations of the fiber viscoelasticity. Simulations of recent tensile strip experiments show that the model is able to predict, well within the bounds of experimental error and natural variations, the cyclic stress-strain behavior and nonlinear creep behavior observed in uniaxial tensile experiments of excised strips of bovine cornea. C1 [Nguyen, T. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Jones, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Boyce, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM vicky.nguyen@jhu.edu RI Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041020 DI 10.1115/1.2947399 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 323BD UT WOS:000257418100020 PM 18601462 ER PT J AU Miyano, M Horike, SI Cai, S Oshimura, M Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Miyano, Masaru Horike, Shin-ichi Cai, Shutao Oshimura, Mitsuo Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi TI DLX5 expression is monoallelic and Dlx5 is up-regulated in the Mecp2-null frontal cortex SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPRINTED ANTISENSE RNA; MONOCHROMOSOMAL HYBRIDS; RETT-SYNDROME; GENES; LOCUS C1 [Miyano, Masaru; Cai, Shutao; Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Horike, Shin-ichi] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Gene Res, Frontier Sci Org, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Oshimura, Mitsuo] Tottori Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Div Mol Genet & Biofunct, Tottori, Japan. RP Kohwi-Shigematsu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM terumiks@lbl.gov RI MIYANO, MASARU/I-1353-2015; Horike, Shin-ichi/C-4319-2015 OI Horike, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4256-9129 FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA039681, R37 CA039681-25] NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1582-1838 J9 J CELL MOL MED JI J. Cell. Mol. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1191 DI 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00377.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 336IU UT WOS:000258358300013 PM 18537997 ER PT J AU Song, SJ Moon, JH Lee, TH Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Song, S. -J. Moon, J. -H. Lee, T. H. Dorris, S. E. Balachandran, U. TI Space charge potential of proton conducting BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9-delta SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proton conductor; BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9-delta; space charge potential ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DOPED BACEO3; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOBILITY; CERATE AB Proton conducting BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9-delta (BCY) was prepared by solid-state sintering at various elevated temperatures (1623-1873 K) to control its microstructure and defect chemistry at the grain boundaries. The bulk and grain boundary conductivity were measured over the temperature range of 373-1173 K tinder 40% H-2/balanced by He (pH(2)O = 0.03 atm) by an AC impedance analyzer (Solatron 1260). For the ternary BCY system, the predominant configuration of majority defect pairs was described as functions Of PO2, a(Bao), and temperature and a space charge potential theory was developed. It was shown by TEM that the grain boundaries of the sintered disks were free of any second phase. The depletion of effectively positively charged protons with a positive space charge potential with respect to the bulk (phi(infinity) = 0) was explained by negatively charged yttrium enrichment across the grain boundaries. The bulk conductivity was around two orders of magnitude higher than the grain boundary conductivity. C1 [Song, S. -J.; Moon, J. -H.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Lee, T. H.; Dorris, S. E.; Balachandran, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, SJ (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 300 Yongbong Dong, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM song@chonnam.ac.kr FU Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2007-331-D00199] FX This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2007-331-D00199). NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 350WE UT WOS:000259383500009 ER PT J AU Brown, WM Sasson, A Bellew, DR Hunsaker, LA Martin, S Leitao, A Deck, LM Jagt, DLV Oprea, TI AF Brown, W. Michael Sasson, Ariella Bellew, Donald R. Hunsaker, Lucy A. Martin, Shawn Leitao, Andrei Deck, Lorraine M. Jagt, David L. Vander Oprea, Tudor I. TI Efficient calculation of molecular properties from simulation using Kernel Molecular Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID FIELD ANALYSIS COMFA; FORMYLPEPTIDE RECEPTOR; FORCE-FIELD; MONTE-CARLO; FREE-ENERGY; RESVERATROL; QSAR; TRANSITIONS; INTEGRATION; SIMILARITY AB Understanding the relationship between chemical structure and function is a ubiquitous problem within the fields of chemistry and biology. Simulation approaches attack the problem utilizing physics to understand a given process at the particle level. Unfortunately, these approaches are often too expensive for many problems of interest. Informatics approaches attack the problem with empirical analysis of descriptions of chemical structure. The issue in these methods is how to describe molecules in a manner that facilitates accurate and general calculation of molecular properties. Here, we present a novel approach that utilizes aspects of simulation and informatics in order to formulate structure-property relationships. We show how supervised learning can be utilized to overcome the sampling problem in simulation approaches. Likewise, we show how learning can be achieved based on molecular descriptions that are rooted in the physics of dynamic intermolecular forces. We apply the approach to three problems including the analysis of corticosteroid binding globulin ligand binding affinity, identification of formylpeptide receptor ligands, and identification of resveratrol analogues capable of inhibiting activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB. C1 [Brown, W. Michael; Martin, Shawn] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sasson, Ariella] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Computat Biol & Mol Biophys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bellew, Donald R.; Deck, Lorraine M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hunsaker, Lucy A.; Leitao, Andrei; Jagt, David L. Vander; Oprea, Tudor I.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brown, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M S 1316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wmbrown@sandia.gov RI Oprea, Tudor/A-5746-2011; Leitao, Andrei/B-7942-2012 OI Oprea, Tudor/0000-0002-6195-6976; FU DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; interagency agreement (IAG) [DW89921601]; DOE CSGF fellowship [DE-FG02-97ER25308]; U.S. Army/DOD Breast Cancer Program. [BC043125] FX We thank Aidan Thompson and Steve Plimpton for their critical review of the work. Funding for this work was provided by Sandia National Laboratories under DOE contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 and through an interagency agreement (IAG) DW89921601 with the Environmental Protection Agency. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s National Nuclear Security Administration. Ariella Sasson is pleased to announce support from the DOE CSGF fellowship DE-FG02-97ER25308. Funding for the synthesis and assay of resveratrol analogues was supported by grant BC043125 from the U.S. Army/DOD Breast Cancer Program. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1626 EP 1637 DI 10.1021/ci8001233 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 341EQ UT WOS:000258697400008 PM 18672870 ER PT J AU Gettelman, A Morrison, H Ghan, SJ AF Gettelman, A. Morrison, H. Ghan, S. J. TI A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the community atmosphere model, version 3 (CAM3). Part II: Single-column and global results SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOL ACTIVATION; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; CLIMATE SYSTEM; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB The global performance of a new two-moment cloud microphysics scheme for a general circulation model (GCM) is presented and evaluated relative to observations. The scheme produces reasonable representations of cloud particle size and number concentration when compared to observations, and it represents expected and observed spatial variations in cloud microphysical quantities. The scheme has smaller particles and higher number concentrations over land than the standard bulk microphysics in the GCM and is able to balance the top-of-atmosphere radiation budget with 60% the liquid water of the standard scheme, in better agreement with retrieved values. The new scheme diagnostically treats both the mixing ratio and number concentration of rain and snow, and it is therefore able to differentiate the two key regimes, consisting of drizzle in shallow, warm clouds and larger rain drops in deeper cloud systems. The modeled rain and snow size distributions are consistent with observations. C1 [Gettelman, A.; Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghan, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gettelman, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew@ucar.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 55 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 15 BP 3660 EP 3679 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2116.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333YS UT WOS:000258190100003 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Huber, P AF Davoudiasl, Hooman Huber, Patrick TI A feasibility study for measuring geomagnetic conversion of solar axions to x-rays in low Earth orbits SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; axions ID INVISIBLE AXION; PARTICLE PHYSICS; CP CONSERVATION; AIR DENSITY; ATMOSPHERE; HEIGHTS; MODEL; MASS AB We present a detailed computation of the expected rate for geomagnetic conversion of solar axions to x-rays (GECOSAX) along the orbit of an x-ray satellite. We use realistic satellite orbits and propagation in time. A realistic model for the Earth's magnetic field, which properly accounts for its spatial non-uniformity, is used. We also account for the effect of the Earth's atmosphere on the propagation of x-rays in our calculation of axion-photon conversion probability. To estimate possible sensitivities to the axion-photon coupling g(a gamma), we use an actual measurement of the expected backgrounds by the SUZAKU satellite. Assuming an effective detector area of 10(3) cm(2) and about 10(6) s of data, we show that a 2 sigma limit of g(a gamma) < (4.7-6.6) x 10(-1) GeV-1 from GECOSAX is achievable, for axion masses m(a) < 10(-4) eV. This significantly exceeds current laboratory sensitivities to g(a gamma). C1 [Davoudiasl, Hooman] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huber, Patrick] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Huber, Patrick] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24062 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooman@bnl.gov; pahuber@vt.edu RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 026 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/026 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 343SO UT WOS:000258875500026 ER PT J AU Dimopoulos, S Kachru, S McGreevy, J Wacker, JG AF Dimopoulos, S. Kachru, S. McGreevy, J. Wacker, J. G. TI N-flation SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE string theory and cosmology; inflation ID CHAOTIC INFLATION; BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; PERTURBATIONS; COSMOLOGY; SYMMETRY; FLATNESS; UNIVERSE; HORIZON; MODEL AB The presence of many axion fields in four-dimensional string vacua can lead to a simple, radiatively stable realization of chaotic inflation. C1 [Dimopoulos, S.; Kachru, S.; McGreevy, J.; Wacker, J. G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kachru, S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94309 USA. RP Dimopoulos, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM savas@stanford.edu; skachru@stanford.edu; mcgreevy@stanford.edu; jgwacker@stanford.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; DOE [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; National Science Foundation [0244728] FX We thank Nima Arkani-Hamed for collaboration at various stages of this project. We thank G Dvali, R Kallosh, A Linde, L McAllister, and especially E Silverstein for helpful discussions. The research of SK was supported in part by a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering, and by the DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. SD, SK, JM and JW receive support from the National Science Foundation under grant 0244728. NR 70 TC 212 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/003 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 343SO UT WOS:000258875500003 ER PT J AU Lunardini, C Peres, OLG AF Lunardini, Cecilia Peres, Orlando L. G. TI Upper limits on the diffuse supernova neutrino flux from the SuperKamiokande data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrino experiments; supernova neutrinos; neutrino properties; star formation ID WATER CHERENKOV DETECTOR; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; RELIC NEUTRINOS; KAMIOKANDE; ASTRONOMY; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM; COLLAPSE AB We analyze the 1496 days of SuperKamiokande data to put limits on the nu(e), (nu) over bar (e), nu(mu) + nu(tau) and (nu) over bar (mu) + (nu) over bar (tau) components of the diffuse flux of supernova neutrinos, in different energy intervals and for different neutrino energy spectra. By considering the presence of only one component at a time, we find the following bounds at 90% CL and for neutrino energy E > 19.3 MeV: Phi(nu e) < 73.3-154 cm(-2) s(-1), Phi((nu) over bare) < 1.4-1.9 cm(-2) s(-1), Phi(nu mu +nu tau) < (1.0-1.4) x 10(3) cm(-2) s(-1) and Phi((nu) over bar mu+($) over bar tau) < (1.3-1.8) x 10(3) cm(-2) s(-1), where the intervals account for varying the neutrino spectrum. In the interval E = 22.9-36.9 MeV, we find Phi(nu e) < 39-54 cm(-2) s(-1), which improves on the existing limit from SNO in the same energy window. Our results for nu(mu)+nu(tau) and (nu) over bar (mu) + (nu) over bar (tau) improve by about four orders of magnitude the previous best constraints from LSD. C1 [Lunardini, Cecilia] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lunardini, Cecilia] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Peres, Orlando L. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Lunardini, C (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Cecilia.Lunardini@asu.edu; orlando@ifi.unicamp.br RI Peres, Orlando/C-3760-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Peres, Orlando/0000-0003-2104-8460; FU Institute of Nuclear Theory (INT) of Seattle; Arizona State University; RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC); FAPESP; CNPq; FAEPEX FX CL acknowledges support from the ORNL grant of the Institute of Nuclear Theory (INT) of Seattle, where this work was initiated, from Arizona State University, and from the RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC). OLGP acknowledges support from FAPESP, CNPq and FAEPEX; he is grateful to the INT for hospitality. We are especially indebted to M S Malek and R J Wilkes for useful exchanges. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 033 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/033 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 343SO UT WOS:000258875500033 ER PT J AU Slosar, A Hirata, C Seljak, U Ho, S Padmanabhan, N AF Slosar, Anze Hirata, Christopher Seljak, Uros Ho, Shirley Padmanabhan, Nikhil TI Constraints on local primordial non-Gaussianity from large scale structure SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE inflation; physics of the early universe; power spectrum ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; DARK-MATTER HALOES; POWER-SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE; QUASAR ACTIVITY; GALAXY MERGERS AB Recent work has shown that the local non-Gaussianity parameter f(NL) induces a scale dependent bias, whose amplitude is growing with scale. Here we first rederive this result within the context of the peak-background split formalism and show that it only depends on the assumption of universality of the mass function, assuming that the halo bias only depends on the mass. We then use the extended Press-Schechter formalism to argue that this assumption may be violated and that the scale dependent bias will depend on other properties, such as the merging history of halos. In particular, in the limit of recent mergers we find that the effect is suppressed. Next we use these predictions in conjunction with a compendium of large scale data to put a limit on the value of f(NL). When combining all data assuming that the halo occupation depends only on the halo mass, we get a limit of -29 (-65) < f(NL) < +70 (+93) at 95% (99.7%) confidence. While we use a wide range of data sets, our combined result is dominated by the signal from the SDSS photometric quasar sample. If the latter are modeled as recent mergers then the limits weaken to -31 (-96) < f(NL) < +70 (+96). These limits are comparable to the strongest current limits from the Wilkinson Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)five-year analysis, with no evidence of a positive signal in f(NL). While the method needs to be thoroughly tested against large scale structure simulations with realistic quasar and galaxy formation models, our results indicate that this is a competitive method relative to the cosmic microwave background one and should be further pursued both observationally and theoretically. C1 [Slosar, Anze] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Slosar, Anze; Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hirata, Christopher] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ho, Shirley] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Slosar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM anze@berkeley.edu; chirata@tapir.caltech.edu; seljak@physik.unizh.ch; shirley@astro.princeton.edu; npadmanabhan@lbl.gov RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Slosar, Anze/0000-0002-8713-3695 NR 111 TC 244 Z9 244 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 031 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/031 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 343SO UT WOS:000258875500031 ER PT J AU Li, QM Creighton, JR Wang, GT AF Li, Qiming Creighton, J. Randall Wang, George T. TI The role of collisions in the aligned growth of vertical nanowires SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; vapor phase epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds; semiconducting III-V materials ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; R-PLANE SAPPHIRE; GAN AB We report a route to highly aligned, vertical arrays of GaN nanowires in which the degree of vertical alignment is improved via collisions between nanowires during growth. An investigation of the initial growth process indicates that in addition to vertically aligned nanowires a significant fraction of tilted nanowires also nucleate, the density of which appears to sharply decrease with growth time. We attribute this decay in the density of tilted nanowires during growth to collisions with vertical nanowires, which terminate the growth of tilted nanowires shortly after nucleation. The experimentally observed tilted nanowire density evolution agrees well with a Monte Carlo model developed to simulate the collision process. The results show that at high nanowire densities this collision mechanism rapidly terminates the growth of tilted nanowires, leading to highly aligned, vertical nanowire arrays. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Qiming; Creighton, J. Randall; Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1086, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AI85000] FX We acknowledge support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE EERE National Energy Technology Laboratory, and Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract No. DE-AC04-94AI85000. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 16 BP 3706 EP 3709 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.05.026 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 342RM UT WOS:000258801200002 ER PT J AU Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Gilmer, GH Maiti, A Gee, RH Burnham, AK AF Zepeda-Ruiz, Luis A. Gilmer, George H. Maiti, Amitesh Gee, Richard H. Burnham, Alan K. TI Evaporation from the (110) surface of PETN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; computer simulation; diffusion; evaporation; Monte Carlo simulations; thermogravimetric analysis; pentaerythritol tetranitrate ID FORCE-FIELD; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; MONTE-CARLO; PRESSURE; CRYSTALS; BOND AB In order to provide insight into coarsening mechanisms of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), we performed kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of evaporation from the predominantly exposed (110) surface. Our KMC simulations show that different surface structures, such as islands and straight step segments, move in very different ways during evaporation. We show that closed surface structures (e.g. islands or convex step edges) evaporate faster than open features (e.g. straight or concave step edges) due to inexhaustible sources of kink sites in their edges. From Arrhenius plots of step velocities we obtained activation energies for evaporation that are in excellent agreement with predictions from a model and recent experimental data. The effects of surface diffusion on evaporation rates are discussed within a rate theory model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zepeda-Ruiz, Luis A.; Gilmer, George H.; Maiti, Amitesh; Gee, Richard H.; Burnham, Alan K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zepeda-Ruiz, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zepedaruizl@Ilnl.gov FU University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract no. W-7405-Eng-48 and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 16 BP 3812 EP 3819 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.04.057 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 342RM UT WOS:000258801200024 ER PT J AU Fang, HS Qiu, SR Zheng, LL Schaffers, KI Tassano, JB Caird, JA Zhang, H AF Fang, H. S. Qiu, S. R. Zheng, L. L. Schaffers, K. I. Tassano, J. B. Caird, J. A. Zhang, H. TI Optimization of the cooling profile to achieve crack-free Yb : S-FAP crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE defect; stresses; Czochralski method; single crystal growth; oxides; laser diodes ID SUBLIMATION GROWTH; SILICON-CARBIDE; THERMAL-STRESS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; LASER; MODEL AB Yb:S-FAP [Yb3+:Sr-5(PO4)(3)F] crystals are an important gain medium for diode-pumped laser applications. Growth of 7.0 cm diameter Yb:S-FAP crystals utilizing the Czochralski (CZ) method from SrF2-rich melts often encounters cracks during the post-growth cool-down stage. To suppress cracking during cool-down, a numerical simulation of the growth system was used to understand the correlation between the furnace power during cool-down and the radial temperature differences within the crystal. The critical radial temperature difference, above which the crystal cracks, has been determined by benchmarking the simulation results against experimental observations. Based on this comparison, an optimal three-stage ramp-down profile was implemented, which produced high-quality, crack-free Yb:s-FAP crystals. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, H. S.; Zheng, L. L.; Zhang, H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Qiu, S. R.; Schaffers, K. I.; Tassano, J. B.; Caird, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hui.zhang@sunysb.edu FU US DOE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of US DOE by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405-Eng-48. We also appreciate the reviewers' valuable comments and suggestions. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 16 BP 3825 EP 3832 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.05.041 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 342RM UT WOS:000258801200026 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Jannik, GT Fledderman, PD AF Paller, M. H. Jannik, G. T. Fledderman, P. D. TI Changes in (137)CS concentrations in soil and vegetation on the floodplain of the Savannah River over a 30 year period SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE cesium; effective half-life; floodplain; contaminated soil; contaminated vegetation; Savannah River; Savannah River Site; ecological half-life; long-term change ID ECOLOGICAL HALF-LIVES; TO-PLANT TRANSFER; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; CS-137; RADIOCESIUM; STREAM; LIFE; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEM; TECHA AB (137)Cs released during 1954-1974 from nuclear production reactors on the Savannah River Site, a US Department of Energy nuclear materials production site in South Carolina, contaminated a portion of the Savannah River floodplain known as Creek Plantation. (137)Cs activity concentrations have been measured in Creek Plantation since 1974 making it possible to calculate effective half-lives for (137)Cs in soil and vegetation and assess the spatial distribution of contaminants on the floodplain. Activity concentrations in soil and vegetation were higher near the center of the floodplain than near the edges as a result of frequent inundation coupled with the presence of low areas that trapped contaminated sediments. (137)Cs activity was highest near the soil surface, but depth related differences diminished with time as a likely result of downward diffusion or leaching. Activity concentrations in vegetation were significantly related to concentrations in soil. The plant to soil concentration ratio (dry weight) averaged 0.49 and exhibited a slight but significant tendency to decrease with time. The effective half-lives for (137)CS in shallow (0-7.6 cm) soil and in vegetation were 14.9 (95% CI = 12.5-17.3) years and 11.6 (95% CI = 9.1-14.1) years, respectively, and rates of (137)Cs removal from shallow soil and vegetation did not differ significantly among sampling locations. Potential health risks on the Creek Plantation floodplain have declined more rapidly than expected on the basis of radioactive decay alone because of the relatively short effective half-life of (137)CS. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Paller, M. H.; Jannik, G. T.] Savannah River Natl Lab Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Fledderman, P. D.] Environm Serv Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Bldg 773-42A,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov; tim.jannik@srnl.doe.gov; p.fledderman@srs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1302 EP 1310 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.04.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327IH UT WOS:000257722300012 PM 18490086 ER PT J AU Detwiler, RL AF Detwiler, Russell L. TI Experimental observations of deformation caused by mineral dissolution in variable-aperture fractures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE FRACTURE; ROUGH FRACTURE; TRANSPORT; FLOW; CRYSTALS; GROWTH; MODEL; PERMEABILITY; VARIABILITY; SURFACES AB [1] Problems such as CO2 sequestration, petroleum production and nuclear waste isolation involve the potential for rock-water reactions. Mineral alteration resulting from reactive fluid flow can lead to significant changes to fracture transport properties. At depth, these processes are further influenced by stresses in the host rock. To quantitatively explore these coupled processes, we built a new experimental apparatus designed to directly measure changes in fracture aperture in analog fractures subjected to the combined influence of a reactive fluid and an applied normal stress. Light transmission techniques provided direct measurements of the changing fracture aperture at high spatial resolution during two experiments in identical fractures with an initial mean fracture aperture of 95 mm. The two experiments were carried out at values of the dimensionless Damkohler number (Da = reaction rate/advection rate) that differed by a factor of 2. The high-Da experiment resulted in the formation of a large-scale dissolution channel in the middle of the fracture and regions with little dissolution and slow closure of the fracture surfaces. By contrast, the low-Da experiment exhibited relatively uniform dissolution across the width of the fracture, with locally enhanced dissolution in small aperture regions. This resulted in increased stresses in contacting asperities and eventual damage of the asperities accompanied by large ( up to 50 mm), instantaneous displacements of the surfaces and corresponding reductions in fracture aperture. The results demonstrate the importance of the spatial variability of dissolution rates, which are controlled by both local reaction kinetics and hydrodynamics, in fractures deforming because of combined dissolution and mechanical stress. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Detwiler, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM detwiler1@llnl.gov RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08202 DI 10.1029/2008JB005697 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 333MH UT WOS:000258156100008 ER PT J AU Siahpush, A O'Brien, J Crepeau, J AF Siahpush, Ali O'Brien, James Crepeau, John TI Phase change heat transfer enhancement using copper porous foam SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME DE porous media; phase change; scale analysis ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SCALE ANALYSIS; MEDIA; STORAGE; MATRIX; PCM AB A detailed experimental and analytical study has been performed to evaluate how copper porous foam (CPF) enhances the heat transfer performance in a cylindrical solid/liquid phase change thermal energy storage system. The CPF used in this study had a 95% porosity and the phase change material (PCM) was 99% pure eicosane. The PCM and CPF were contained in a vertical cylinder where the temperature at its radial boundary was held constant, allowing both inward freezing and melting of the PCM. Detailed quantitative time-dependent volumetric temperature distributions and melt/freeze front motion and shape data were obtained. As the material changed phase, a thermal resistance layer built up, resulting in a reduced heat transfer rate between the surface of the container and the phase change front. In the freezing analysis, we analytically determined the effective thermal conductivity of the combined PCM/CPF system and the results compared well to the experimental values. The CPF increased the effective thermal conductivity from 0.423 W/m K to 3.06 W/mK. For the melting studies, we employed a heat transfer scaling analysis to model the system and develop heat transfer correlations. The scaling analysis predictions closely matched the experimental data of the solid/liquid interface position and Nusselt number. C1 [Siahpush, Ali; O'Brien, James] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Crepeau, John] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Siahpush, A (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ali.siahpush@inl.gov; james.obrien@inl.gov; crepeau@uidaho.edu RI Crepeau, John/F-2599-2016 OI Crepeau, John/0000-0001-7277-1347 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 33 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.1115/1.2928010 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 312TX UT WOS:000256694800007 ER PT J AU Bacchetta, A Boer, D Diehl, M Mulders, PJ AF Bacchetta, Alessandro Boer, Daniel Diehl, Markus Mulders, Piet J. TI Matches and mismatches in the descriptions of semi-inclusive processes at low and high transverse momentum SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE deep inelastic scattering; spin and polarization effects; QCD ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; SINGLE-SPIN; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES; INCLUSIVE LEPTOPRODUCTION; PION ELECTROPRODUCTION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON-SCATTERING AB We investigate the transverse-momentum-dependence in semi-inclusive deep inelastic leptoproduction of hadrons. There are two different theoretical approaches to study this dependence, one for low and one for high transverse momentum of the observed hadron. We systematically investigate their connection, paying special attention to azimuthal distributions and to polarization dependence. In the region of intermediate transverse momentum, where both approaches are applicable, we find that their results match for certain observables but not for others. Interpolating expressions are discussed for the case where one has no matching. We then use power counting to determine which mechanism is dominant in various azimuthal and spin asymmetries that are integrated over the transverse momentum. Our findings have consequences for the extension of transverse-momentum-dependent factorization beyond leading twist. They also shed light on the problem of resumming logarithms of transverse momentum for azimuthal distributions. Our results can be carried over to the Drell-Yan process and to two-hadron production in e(+)e(-) annihilation. C1 [Bacchetta, Alessandro; Diehl, Markus] DESY, Theory Grp, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Boer, Daniel; Mulders, Piet J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Bacchetta, A (reprint author), Ctr Theory, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM alessandro.bacchetta@jlab.org; dboer@few.vu.nl; markus.diehl@desy.de; mulders@few.vu.nl RI Bacchetta, Alessandro/F-3199-2012; Boer, Daniel/B-3493-2015 OI Bacchetta, Alessandro/0000-0002-8824-8355; Boer, Daniel/0000-0003-0985-4662 NR 94 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 23 PG 73 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 344HL UT WOS:000258917400086 ER PT J AU Dixon, LJ Magnea, L Sterman, G AF Dixon, Lance J. Magnea, Lorenzo Sterman, George TI Universal structure of subleading infrared poles in gauge theory amplitudes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; supersymmetric gauge theory; renormalization group ID SUDAKOV FORM-FACTOR; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; SUPER-YANG-MILLS; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; FIELD-THEORY; WILSON LOOPS; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; THRESHOLD RESUMMATION; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP AB We study the origin subleading soft and collinear poles of form factors and amplitudes in dimensionally-regulated massless gauge theories. In the case of form factors of fundamental fields, these poles originate from a single function of the coupling, denoted G(alpha(s)), depending on both the spin and gauge quantum numbers of the field. We relate G(alpha(s)) to gauge-theory matrix elements involving the gluon field strength. We then show that G(alpha(s)) is the sum of three terms: a universal eikonal anomalous dimension, a universal non-eikonal contribution, given by the coefficient B-delta(alpha(s)) of delta (1-z) in the collinear evolution kernel, and a process-dependent short-distance coefficient function, which does not contribute to infrared poles. Using general results on the factorization of soft and collinear singularities in fixed-angle massless gauge theory amplitudes, we conclude that all such singularities are captured by the eikonal approximation, supplemented only by the knowledge of B-delta(alpha(s)). We explore the consequences of our results for conformal gauge theories, where in particular we find a simple exact relation between the form factor and the cusp anomalous dimension. C1 [Dixon, Lance J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Magnea, Lorenzo] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Magnea, Lorenzo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Sterman, George] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Dixon, LJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM lance@slac.stanford.edu; magnea@to.infn.it; sterman@max2.physics.sunysb.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0354776, PHY-0354822, PHY-0653342]; MIUR [2006020509_004]; European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network [MRTN-CT-2006-035505] FX We thank T. Becher, Z. Bern, J. Maldacena, S. Moch and M. Staudacher for stimulating conversations, and E. Gardi and G. Grunberg for a timely exchange relevant to integrals over the running coupling. L.M. thanks the C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics at SUNY Stony Brook and the CERN Theory Division for hospitality during the completion of this work. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515, by the National Science Foundation, grants PHY-0354776, PHY-0354822 and PHY-0653342, by MIUR under contract 2006020509_004, and by the European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network 'Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders' ('HEPTOOLS'), under contract MRTN-CT-2006-035505. NR 83 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 22 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 344HL UT WOS:000258917400087 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA Fox, PJ AF Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Fox, Patrick J. TI Quark and lepton masses from top loops SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; quark masses and SM parameters ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; RADIATIVE FERMION MASSES; GAUGE-SYMMETRY; MODEL; HIERARCHY; PHYSICS AB Assuming that the leptons and quarks other than top are massless at tree level, we show that their masses may be induced by loops involving the top quark. As a result, the generic features of the fermion mass spectrum arise from combinations of loop factors. Explicitly, we construct a renormalizable model involving a few new particles, which leads to 1-loop bottom and tau masses, a 2-loop charm mass, 3-loop muon and strange masses, and 4-loop masses for first generation fermions. This realistic pattern of masses does not require any symmetry to differentiate the three generations of fermions. The new particles may produce observable effects in future experiments searching for mu --> e conversion in nuclei, rare meson decays, and other processes. C1 [Dobrescu, Bogdan A.; Fox, Patrick J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bdob@fnal.gov; pjfox@fnal.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 100 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 344HL UT WOS:000258917400009 ER PT J AU Meissner, S Goeke, K Metz, A Schlegel, M AF Meissner, Stephan Goeke, Klaus Metz, Andreas Schlegel, Marc TI Generalized parton correlation functions for a spin-0 hadron SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE deep inelastic scattering; hadronic colliders; spin and polarization effects; parton model ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PRODUCTION ASYMMETRIES; HARD-SCATTERING; DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; NUCLEON; MESONS; GAUGE; QUARK AB The fully unintegrated, off-diagonal quark-quark correlator for a spin-0 hadron is parameterized in terms of so-called generalized parton correlation functions. Such objects are of relevance for the phenomenology of certain hard exclusive reactions. In particular, they can be considered as mother distributions of generalized parton distributions on the one hand and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions on the other. Therefore, our study provides new, model-independent insights into the recently proposed nontrivial relations between generalized and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. As a by-product we obtain the first complete classification of generalized parton distributions beyond leading twist. C1 [Meissner, Stephan; Goeke, Klaus] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Metz, Andreas] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Schlegel, Marc] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Meissner, S (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM stephan.meissner@tp2.rub.de; klaus.goeke@tp2.rub.de; metza@temple.edu; schlegel@jlab.org FU Verbundforschung "Hadronen und Kerne" of the BMBF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We are grateful to H. Avakian and M. Diehl for useful discussions. The work has partially been supported by the Verbundforschung "Hadronen und Kerne" of the BMBF and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).; Notice: authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U. S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U. S. Government purposes. NR 60 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 IS 8 AR 038 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 344HL UT WOS:000258917400071 ER PT J AU Lowe, KS Van Cuyk, SM Siegrist, RL Drewes, JE AF Lowe, Kathryn S. Van Cuyk, Sheila M. Siegrist, Robert L. Drewes, Joerg E. TI Field evaluation of the performance of engineered on-site wastewater treatment units SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; SYSTEMS AB A conventional on-site wastewater system (OWS) is traditionally comprised of one or more septic tanks for treatment of raw wastewater followed by percolation through natural soil to achieve purification prior to groundwater recharge. Other types of engineered treatment units (e.g., sand filters, textile media filters) may be implemented where site conditions are not suitable for conventional systems or in sensitive areas, such as those with nitrogen loading concerns. The research presented here is part of a large field study conducted to evaluate the purification performance of OWS employing three different engineered treatment units: a septic tank, a septic tank with a textile filter unit (TFU), and a septic tank with a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The TFU or MBR employ treatment processes that are designed to achieve higher purification compared to a septic tank so that soil treatment can be accomplished at higher hydraulic loading rates and/or with less unsaturated soil depth. This paper describes the installation, operation, and monitoring of the effluent generated from three engineered treatment units operated for a period of 16-28 months. The three treatment units, as expected, achieved different purification efficiencies for organic matter, total suspended solids, nutrients, and bacteria with the relative removal efficiency of MBR>TFU> septic tank. The relative degree of operational complexity, operation and maintenance requirements, energy use, and cost followed the same ranking. C1 [Drewes, Joerg E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Adv Water Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Van Cuyk, Sheila M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lowe, KS (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Adv Water Technol Ctr, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM klowe@mines.edu RI Drewes, Joerg/B-3599-2013 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:8(735) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 327XZ UT WOS:000257763100011 ER PT J AU Aad, G Abat, E Abdallah, J Abdelalim, AA Abdesselam, A Abdinov, O Abi, BA Abolins, M Abramowicz, H Acerbi, E Acharya, BS Achenbach, R Ackers, M Adams, DL Adamyan, F Addy, TN Aderholz, M Adorisio, C Adragna, P Aharrouche, M Ahlen, SP Ahles, F Ahmad, A Ahmed, H Aielli, G Akesson, PF Aring;kesson, TPA Alam, SM Albert, J Albrand, S Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Aleppo, M Alessandria, F Alexa, C Alexander, G Alexopoulos, T Alimonti, G Aliyev, M Allport, PP Allwood-Spiers, SE Aloisio, A Alonso, J Alves, R Alviggi, MG Amako, K Amaral, P Amaral, SP Ambrosini, G Ambrosio, G Amelung, C Ammosov, VV Amorim, A Amram, N Anastopoulos, C Anderson, B Anderson, KJ Anderssen, EC Andreazza, A Andrei, V Andricek, L Andrieux, ML Anduaga, XS Anghinolfi, F Antonaki, A Antonelli, M Antonelli, S Apsimon, R Arabidze, G Aracena, I Arai, Y Arce, ATH Archambault, JP Arguin, JF Arik, E Arik, M Arms, KE Armstrong, SR Arnaud, M Arnault, C Artamonov, A Asai, S Ask, S Aring;sman, B Asner, D Asquith, L Assamagan, K Astbury, A Athar, B Atkinson, T Aubert, B Auerbach, B Auge, E Augsten, K Aulchenko, VM Austin, N Avolio, G Avramidou, R Axen, A Ay, C Azuelos, G Baccaglioni, G Bacci, C Bachacou, H Bachas, K Bachy, G Badescu, E Bagnaia, P Bailey, DC Baines, JT Baker, OK Ballester, F Pedrosa, FBDS Banas, E Banfi, D Bangert, A Bansal, V Baranov, SP Baranov, S Barashkou, A Barberio, EL Barberis, D Barbier, G Barclay, P Bardin, DY Bargassa, P Barillari, T Barisonzi, M Barnett, BM Barnett, RM Baron, S Baroncelli, A Barone, M Barr, AJ Barreiro, F da Costa, JBG Barrillon, P Poy, AB Barros, N Bartheld, V Bartko, H Bartoldus, R Basiladze, S Bastos, J Batchelor, LE Bates, RL Batley, JR Batraneanu, S Battistin, M Battistoni, G Batusov, V Bauer, F Bauss, B Baynham, DE Bazalova, M Bazan, A Beauchemin, PH Beaugiraud, B Beccherle, RB Beck, GA Beck, HP Becks, KH Bedajanek, I Beddall, AJ Beddall, A Bednar, P Bednyakov, VA Bee, C Harpaz, SB Belanger, GAN Belanger-Champagne, C Belhorma, B Bell, PJ Bell, WH Bella, G Bellachia, F Bellagamba, L Bellina, F Bellomo, G Bellomo, M Beltramello, O Belymam, A Ben Ami, S Ben Moshe, M Benary, O Benchekroun, D Benchouk, C Bendel, M Benedict, BH Benekos, N Benes, J Benhammou, Y Benincasa, GP Benjamin, DP Bensinger, JR Benslama, K Bentvelsen, S Beretta, M Berge, D Bergeaas, E Berger, N Berghaus, F Berglund, S Bergsma, F Beringer, J Bernabeu, J Bernardet, K Berriaud, C Berry, T Bertelsen, H Bertin, A Bertinelli, F Bertolucci, S Besson, N Beteille, A Bethke, S Bialas, W Bianchi, RM Bianco, M Biebel, O Bieri, M Biglietti, M Bilokon, H Binder, M Binet, S Bingefors, N Bingul, A Bini, C Biscarat, C Bischof, R Bischofberger, M Bitadze, A Bizzell, JP Black, KM Blair, RE Blaising, JJ Blanch, O Blanchot, G Blocker, C Blocki, J Blondel, A Blum, W Blumenschein, U Boaretto, C Bobbink, GJ Bocci, A Bocian, D Bock, R Boehm, M Boek, J Bogaerts, JA Bogouch, A Bohm, C Bohm, J Boisvert, V Bold, T Boldea, V Bondarenko, VG Bonino, R Bonis, J Bonivento, W Bonneau, P Boonekamp, M Boorman, G Boosten, M Booth, CN Booth, PSL Booth, P Booth, JRA Borer, K Borisov, A Borjanovic, I Bos, K Boscherini, D Bosi, F Bosman, M Bosteels, M Botchev, B Boterenbrood, H Botterill, D Boudreau, J Bouhova-Thacker, EV Boulahouache, C Bourdarios, C Boutemeur, M Bouzakis, K Boyd, GR Boyd, J Boyer, BH Boyko, IR Bozhko, NI Braccini, S Braem, A Branchini, P Brandenburg, GW Brandt, A Brandt, O Bratzler, U Braun, HM Bravo, S Brawn, IP Brelier, B Bremer, J Brenner, R Bressler, S Breton, D Brett, ND Breugnon, P Bright-Thomas, PG Brochu, FM Brock, I Brock, R Brodbeck, TJ Brodet, E Broggi, F Broklova, Z Bromberg, C Brooijmans, G Brouwer, G Broz, J Brubaker, E de Renstrom, PAB Bruncko, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Bruschi, M Buanes, T Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, P Budagov, IA Buscher, V Bugge, L Buira-Clark, D Buis, EJ Bujor, F Buran, T Burckhart, H Burckhart-Chromek, D Burdin, S Burns, R Busato, E Buskop, JJF Buszello, KP Butin, F Butler, JM Buttar, CM Butterworth, J Butterworth, JM Byatt, T Urban, SC Casas, EC Caccia, M Caforio, D Cakir, O Calafiura, P Calderini, G Terol, DC Callahan, J Caloba, LP Caloi, R Calvet, D Camard, A Camarena, F Camarri, P Cambiaghi, M Cameron, D Cammin, J Segura, FC Campana, S Canale, V Cantero, J Garrido, MDMC Caprini, I Caprini, M Caprio, M Caracinha, D Caramarcu, C Carcagno, Y Cardarelli, R Cardeira, C Sas, LC Cardini, A Carli, T Carlino, G Carminati, L Caron, B Caron, S Carpentieri, C Carr, FS Carter, AA Carter, JR Carvalho, J Casadei, D Casado, MP Cascella, M Caso, C Castelo, J Gimenez, VC Castro, N Castrovillari, F Cataldi, G Cataneo, F Catinaccio, A Catmore, JR Cattai, A Caughron, S Cauz, D Cavallari, A Cavalleri, P Cavalli, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cavasinni, V Ceradini, F Cerna, C Cernoch, C Cerqueira, AS Cerri, A Cerutti, F Cervetto, M Cetin, SA Cevenini, F Chalifour, M Ilatas, MC Chan, A Chapman, JW Charlton, DG Charron, S Chekulaev, SV Chelkov, GA Chen, H Chen, L Chen, T Chen, X Cheng, S Cheng, TL Cheplakov, A Chepurnov, VF El Moursli, RC Chesneanu, D Cheu, E Chevalier, L Chevalley, JL Chevallier, F Chiarella, V Chiefari, G Chikovani, L Chilingarov, A Chiodini, G Chouridou, S Chren, D Christiansen, T Christidi, IA Christov, A Chu, ML Chudoba, J Chuguev, AG Ciapetti, G Cicalini, E Ciftci, AK Cindro, V Ciobotaru, MD Ciocio, A Cirilli, M Citterio, M Ciubancan, M Civera, JV Clark, A Cleland, W Clemens, JC Clement, BC Clement, C Clements, D Clifft, RW Coba, M Coccaro, A Cochran, J Coco, R Coe, P Coelli, S Cogneras, E Cojocaru, CD Colas, J Colijn, AP Collard, C Collins-Tooth, C Collot, J Coluccia, R Comune, G Muino, PC Coniavitis, E Consonni, M Constantinescu, S Conta, C Conventi, FA Cook, J Cooke, M Cooper-Smith, NJ Cornelissen, T Corradi, M Correard, S Corso-Radu, A Coss, J Costa, G Costa, MJ Costanzo, D Costin, T Torres, RC Courneyea, L Couyoumtzelis, C Cowan, G Cox, BE Cox, J Cragg, DA Cranmer, K Cranshaw, J Cristinziani, M Crosetti, G Almenar, CC Cuneo, S Cunha, A Curatolo, M Curtis, CJ Cwetanski, P Czyczula, Z D'Auria, S D'Onofrio, M Mello, ADG Da Silva, PVM Da Silva, R Dabrowski, W Dael, A Dahlhoff, A Dai, T Dallapiccola, C Dallison, SJ Dalmau, J Daly, CH Dam, M Damazio, D Dameri, M Danielsen, KM Danielsson, HO Dankers, R Dannheim, D Darbo, G Dargent, P Daum, C Dauvergne, JP David, M Davidek, T Davidson, N Davidson, R Dawson, I Dawson, JW Daya, RK De, K de Asmundis, R de Boer, R De Castro, S De Groot, N de Jong, P de La Broise, X de La Cruz-Burelo, E De La Taille, C De Lotto, B Branco, MDO De Pedis, D de Saintignon, P De Salvo, A De Sanctis, U De Santo, A De Regie, JBDV De Zorzi, G Dean, S Dedes, G Dedovich, DV Defay, PO Degele, R Dehchar, M Deile, M Del Papa, C Del Peso, J Del Prete, T Delagnes, E Delebecque, P Dell'Acqua, A Pietra, MD della Volpe, D Delmastro, M Delpierre, P Delruelle, N Delsart, PA Silberberg, CD Demers, S Demichev, M Demierre, P Demirkoz, B Deng, W Denisov, SP Dennis, C Densham, CJ Dentan, M Derkaoui, JE Derue, F Dervan, P Desch, KK Dewhurst, A Di Ciaccio, A Di Ciaccio, L Di Domenico, A Di Girolamo, A Di Girolamo, B Di Luise, S Di Mattia, A Di Simone, A Gomez, MMD Diehl, EB Dietl, H Dietrich, J Dietsche, W Diglio, S Dima, M Dindar, K Dinkespiler, B Dionisi, C Dipanjan, R Dita, P Dita, S Dittus, F Dixon, SD Djama, F Djilkibaev, R Djobava, T do Vale, MAB Dobbs, M Dobinson, R Dobos, D Dobson, E Dobson, M Dodd, J Dogan, OB Doherty, T Doi, Y Dolejsi, J Dolenc, I Doleza, Z Dolgoshein, BA Domingo, E Donega, M Dopke, J Dorfan, DE Dorholt, O Doria, A Dos Anjos, A Dosil, M Dotti, A Dova, MT Dowell, JD Doyle, AT Drake, G Drakoulakos, D Drasal, Z Drees, J Dressnandt, N Drevermann, H Driouichi, C Dris, M Drohan, JG Dubbert, J Dubbs, T Duchovni, E Duckeck, G Dudarev, A Duhrssen, M Dur, H Duerdoth, IP Duffin, S Duflot, L Dufour, MA Dayot, 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J Ferguson, D Ferland, J Fernando, W Ferrag, S Ferrari, A Ferrari, P Ferrari, R Ferrer, A Ferrer, ML Ferrere, D Ferretti, C Ferro, F Fiascaris, M Fichet, S Fiedler, F Filimonov, V Filipcic, A Filippas, A Filthaut, F Fincke-Keeler, M Finocchiaro, G Fiorini, L Firan, A Fischer, P Fisher, MJ Fisher, SM Flaminio, V Flammer, J Flechl, M Fleck, I Flegel, W Fleischmann, P Fleischmann, S Corral, CMF Fleuret, F Flick, T Flix, J Castillo, LRF Flowerdew, MJ Fohlisch, F Fokitis, M Martin, TMF Fopma, J Forbush, DA Formica, A Foster, JM Fournier, D Foussat, A Fowler, AJ Fox, H Francavilla, P Francis, D Franz, S Fraser, JT Fraternali, M Fratianni, S Freestone, J French, RS Fritsch, K Froidevaux, D Frost, JA Fukunaga, C Fulachier, J Torregrosa, EF Fuster, J Gabaldon, C Gadomski, S Gagliardi, G Gagnon, P Gallas, EJ Gallas, MV Gallop, BJ Gan, KK Gannaway, FC Gao, YS Gapienko, VA Gaponenko, A Garcia, C Garcia-Sciveres, M Navarro, JEG Garde, V Gardner, RW Garelli, N Garitaonandia, H Garonne, VG Garvey, J 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Zsenei, A. zur Nedden, M. Zychacek, V. TI The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Review DE ATLAS; LHC; CERN; Accelerator; Proton-proton collisions; Heavy-ion collisions; Minimum-bias events; Bunch-crossings; Pile-up; Superconducting magnets; Solenoidal field; Toroidal field; Magnetic field measurements; Hall probes; Inner detector; Charged-particle tracking; Vertex measurement; Pixel detectors; Silicon micro-strip detectors; Transition radiation; Time-over-threshold; Radiation-hard electronics; Fluorinert cooling; Carbon-fibre reinforced plastics; Optical fibres; Calorimetry; Sampling calorimeters; Liquid argon; Scintillator tiles; Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions; Forward calorimetry; Accordion geometry; Lateral segmentation; Longitudinal segmentation; Muon spectrometer; Precision-tracking chambers; Trigger chambers; Drift tubes; Thin-gap chambers; Resistive-plate chambers; Optical alignment systems; Forward detectors; Cerenkov light; Roman Pots; Zero-degree calorimetry; Trigger and data acquisition; High-level trigger; Event filter; Detector control system; Bandwidth; Processor farm; Electrons; Muons; Leptons; Photons; Jets; Taus; Missing transverse energy; b-tagging; Particle identification; Tracking algorithms; Vertexing algorithms; Impact parameter measurements ID DRIFT-TUBE CHAMBERS; LIQUID ARGON CALORIMETER; END-CAP CALORIMETER; ELECTROMAGNETIC BARREL CALORIMETER; SILICON PIXEL SENSORS; MUON SPECTROMETER; SEMICONDUCTOR TRACKER; TILE CALORIMETER; LUMINOSITY MEASUREMENT; TOROID MAGNET AB The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented. C1 [Akesson, P. F.; Aleksa, M.; Amaral, P.; Amaral, S. P.; Amelung, C.; Anghinolfi, F.; Avolio, G.; Bachy, G.; Pedrosa, F. Baltasar Dos Santos; Baron, S.; Poy, A. Barriuso; Batraneanu, S.; Battistin, M.; Beltramello, O.; Berge, D.; Bergsma, F.; Bertinelli, F.; Bitadze, A.; Blanchot, G.; Bock, R.; Bogaerts, J. A.; Boisvert, V.; Bonneau, P.; Boosten, M.; Bosteels, M.; Boyd, J.; Braem, A.; Bremer, J.; Bujor, F.; Burckhart, H.; Burckhart-Chromek, D.; Butin, F.; Campana, S.; Garrido, M. D. M. Capeans; Sas, L. Cardiel; Carli, T.; Catinaccio, A.; Cattai, A.; Cernoch, C.; Cerri, A.; Chevalley, J. L.; Cook, J.; Cornelissen, T.; Da Silva, R.; Danielsson, H. O.; Dannheim, D.; Dauvergne, J. P.; Branco, M. 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Gonzalez; Piegaia, R.; Romeo, G.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Batley, J. R.; Brochu, F. M.; Carter, J. R.; Frost, J. A.; Goodrick, M. J.; Hill, J. C.; Lester, C. G.; Munday, D. J.; Palmer, M. J.; Parker, M. A.; Robinson, D.; Ward, C. P.; White, M. J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. [Archambault, J. P.; Asner, D.; Belanger, G. A. N.; Cojocaru, C. D.; Heelan, L.; Khakzad, M.; O'Neill, M.; Oakham, F. G.; Strickland, V.; Yang, Z.] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Anderson, K. J.; Brubaker, E.; Costin, T.; Feng, E. J.; Gardner, R. W.; Gupta, A.; Hurwitz, M.; Plante, I. Jen-La; Kapliy, A.; Mambelli, M.; Merritt, F. S.; Oreglia, M. J.; Pilcher, J. E.; Usai, G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Valparaiso, Chile. [Chen, T.; Cheng, S.; Cogneras, E.; Defay, P. O.; Feng, C.; Han, H.; Han, L.; He, M.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, G.; Jin, S.; Lu, F.; Ouyang, Q.; Pei, E.; Ping, J.; Qi, M.; Tong, G.; Xie, Y.; Xu, G.; Yu, X.; Zheng, S.; Zhu, C. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst HEP, CN-100049 Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, T.; Cheng, S.; Cogneras, E.; Defay, P. O.; Feng, C.; Han, H.; Han, L.; He, M.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, G.; Jin, S.; Lu, F.; Ouyang, Q.; Pei, E.; Ping, J.; Qi, M.; Tong, G.; Xie, Y.; Xu, G.; Yu, X.; Zheng, S.; Zhu, C. G.] USTC, Dept Modern Phys, CN-230026 Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, T.; Cheng, S.; Cogneras, E.; Defay, P. O.; Feng, C.; Han, H.; Han, L.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, G.; Jin, S.; Lu, F.; Ouyang, Q.; Pei, E.; Ping, J.; Qi, M.; Tong, G.; Xie, Y.; Xu, G.; Yu, X.; Zheng, S.; Zhu, C. G.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, CN-210093 Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Chen, T.; Cheng, S.; Cogneras, E.; Defay, P. O.; Feng, C.; Han, H.; Han, L.; He, M.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, G.; Jin, S.; Lu, F.; Ouyang, Q.; Pei, E.; Ping, J.; Qi, M.; Tong, G.; Xie, Y.; Xu, G.; Yu, X.; Zheng, S.; Zhu, C. G.] Shandong Univ, HEP Grp, CN-250100 Shadong, Peoples R China. [Busato, E.; Calvet, D.; Febbraro, R.; Garde, V.; Gris, P. L. Y.; Guicheney, C. J.; Montarou, G.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, FR-63177 Aubiere, France. [Brooijmans, G.; Caughron, S.; Cooke, M.; Dodd, J.; Gray, H. M.; Haas, A.; Hughes, E.; Leltchouk, M.; Mateos, D. Lopez; Marshall, Z.; Negroni, S.; Parsons, J. A.; Spano, F.; Tuts, P. M.; Zhou, N.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Bertelsen, H.; Czyczula, Z.; Dam, M.; Driouichi, C.; Facius, K.; Hansen, F. H.; Hansen, J. R.; Hansen, J. B.; Hansen, J. D.; Hansen, P. H.; Klinkby, E. B.; Mackeprang, R.; Nilsson, B. S.; Rensch, B.; Xella-Hansen, S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Adorisio, C.; Castrovillari, F.; Crosetti, G.; La Rotonda, L.; Lamanna, E.; Meoni, E.; Policicchio, A.; Schioppa, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Cosenza, IT-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Adorisio, C.; Castrovillari, F.; Crosetti, G.; La Rotonda, L.; Lamanna, E.; Meoni, E.; Policicchio, A.; Schioppa, M.] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Fis, IT-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Bialas, W.; Dabrowski, W.; Dwuznik, M.; Golonka, P. J.; Grybos, P.; Idzik, M.; Jagielski, S.; Jelen, K.; Kisielewska, D.; Koperny, S.; Kowalski, T. Z.; Rulikowska-Zarebska, E.; Toczek, B.; Zajac, J.] Univ Sci & Technol, AGH, FPACS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Banas, E.; Blocki, J.; Bocian, D.; Gornicki, E.; Hajduk, Z.; Iwanski, W.; Kaczmarska, A.; Kisielewski, B.; Korcyl, K.; Malecki, P.; Olszowska, J.; Richter-Was, E.; Stodulski, M.; Szczygiel, R. R.; Turala, M.; Wosiek, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Daya, R. K.; Dindar, K.; Dinkespiler, B.; Firan, A.; Goldin, D.; Hadavand, H. K.; He, Y. P.; Hoffman, J.; Ilchenko, Y.; Ishmukhametov, R.; Joffe, D.; Kasmi, A.; Kehoe, R.; Liang, Z.; Liu, T.; Lu, L.; Renkel, P.; Xiang, A.; Ye, J.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Barisonzi, M.; Ehrenfeld, W.; Glazov, A.; Haller, J.; Kama, S.; Kowalski, H.; Maettig, S.; Mamuzic, J.; Medinnis, M.; Moenig, K.; Moll, A.; Naumann, T.; Placakyte, R.; Terwort, M.; Vogt, H.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Goessling, C.; Klaiber-Lodewigs, J.; Klingenberg, R.; Krasel, O.; Kudlaty, J.; Lueke, D.; Mass, M.; Rajek, S.; Reisinger, I.; Weber, J.; Weingarten, J.; Wuestenfeld, J.; Wunstorf, R.] Univ Dortmund, DE-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Goepfert, T.; Kobe, M.; Lacker, H.; Ludwig, A.; Mader, W. F.; Schaarschmidt, J.; Schwierz, R.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Benjamin, D. P.; Bocci, A.; Ebenstein, W. L.; Fowler, A. J.; Ko, B. R.; Oh, S. H.; Thomas, A.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Chikovani, L.; Djobava, T.; Khubua, J.; Mosidze, M.; Tskhadadze, E. G.] Tbilisi State Univ, HEP Inst, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Stenzel, H.] Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Allwood-Spiers, S. E.; Bates, R. L.; Bell, W. H.; Buttar, C. M.; Cheplakov, A.; Clements, D.; Collins-Tooth, C.; D'Auria, S.; Doherty, T.; Doyle, A. T.; Dueren, M.; Ferrag, S.; Kenyon, M.; Nicholson, C.; O'Shea, V.; Pickford, A.; Raine, C.; Robson, A.; Saxon, D. H.; Denis, R. D. St.; Stewart, G.; Thompson, A. S.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ay, C.; Quadt, A.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Albrand, S.; Andrieux, M-L.; Belhorma, B.; Beteille, A.; Boyer, B. H.; Carcagno, Y.; Chevalier, L.; Clement, B. C.; Collot, J.; de Saintignon, P.; Dzahini, D.; Ferrari, A.; Fulachier, J.; Hostachy, J-Y.; Labbe, J. A.; Lambert, F.; Ledroit-Guillon, F.; Lleres, A.; Lucotte, A.; Malek, F.; Martin, Ph.; Morel, J.; Petti, R.; Renaudin-Crepe, S. R. C.; Rey-Campagnolle, M.; Saboumazrag, S.; Trocme, B.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol,INPG, FR-38026 Grenoble, France. [Addy, T. N.; Harvey, A.; Long, M. C.; Shin, T.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes; Black, K. M.; Brandenburg, G. W.; Feldman, G.; Haggerty, R.; Hurst, P.; Huth, J.; Kashif, L.; Outschoorn, V. Martinez; Moed, S.; Morii, M.; Oliver, J.; Prasad, S.; Smith, B. C.] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Achenbach, R.; Andrei, V.; Foehlisch, F.; Geweniger, C.; Hanke, P.; Harder, S.; Kluge, E. -E.; Lendermann, V.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Hiroshima Univ, Fac Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Nagasaka, Y.] Fac Appl Informat Sci, Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7315193, Japan. [Callahan, J.; Cwetanski, P.; Egorov, K.; Evans, H.; Gagnon, P.; Hanson, G.; Jain, V.; Kline, C. R.; Luehring, F.; Manara, A.; Morris, E. J.; Ogren, H.; Subramania, S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bischof, R.; Duer, H.; Epp, B.; Ghete, V. M.; Girtler, P.; Jussel, P.; Kneringer, E.; Mair, G. M.; Salzburger, A.] Inst Astro & Teilchenphy, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Cochran, J.; Meyer, W. T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames High Energy Phys Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Benedict, B. H.; Bold, T.; Ciobotaru, M. D.; Corso-Radu, A.; Eschrich, I. Gough; Hawkins, D.; Kolos, S.; Lankford, A. J.; McCormick, C.; Mommsen, R.; Garcia, R. Murillo; Negri, A.; Pier, S.; Schernau, M.; Stancu, S. N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Aleksandrov, I. N.; Bardin, D. Y.; Batusov, V.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Boyko, I. R.; Budagov, I. A.; Chelkov, G. A.; Chepurnov, V. F.; Dedovich, D. V.; Evtoukhovitch, P.; Glonti, G. L.; Gongadze, A.; Gostkin, M. I.; Ilyushenka, Y.; Ishii, K.; Kakurin, S.; Kalinovskaya, L. V.; Kazarinov, M. Y.; Kekelidze, G. D.; Kharchenko, D.; Khovanskiy, N.; Khramov, E.; Kolesnikov, V.; Kotov, V. M.; Kruchonak, U.; Krumshteyn, Z. V.; Ladygin, E.; Lazarev, A. B.; Malyukov, S.; Manjavidze, I. D.; Mialkovski, V.; Minashvili, I. A.; Mineev, M.; Nanava, G.; Neganov, A.; Nikolaev, K.; Olchevski, A. G.; Perepelkin, E.; Peshekhonov, V. D.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zimin, N. I.] JINR Dubna, RU-141980 Moscow, Russia. [Amako, K.; Arai, Y.; Doi, Y.; Haruyama, T.; Ikegami, Y.; Ikeno, M.; Iwasaki, H.; Jinnouchi, O.; Kagawa, S.; Kanzaki, J.; Kawai, M.; Kohriki, T.; Kondo, T.; Kondo, Y.; Makida, Y.; Manabe, A.; Murakami, K.; Nagano, K.; Odaka, S.; Ozone, K.; Sasaki, O.; Sasaki, T.; Tanaka, K.; Tanaka, S.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Homma, Y.; Ichimiya, R.; Kawagoe, K.; Kiyamura, H.; Kurashige, H.; Ochi, A.; Takeda, H.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Sasao, N.] Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Sakyou Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Takashima, R.] Kyoto Univ, Fushimi Ku, Kyoto 6128522, Japan. [Anduaga, X. S.; Dova, M. T.; Monticelli, F.; Tripiana, M. F.] UNLP, CONICET, Dept Fis, FCE,IFLP, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Brodbeck, T. J.; Catmore, J. R.; Chilingarov, A.; Davidson, R.; Dewhurst, A.; Henderson, R. C. W.; Hughes, G.; Jones, R. W. L.; Kartvelishvili, V.; Price, D.; Sloan, T. J.; Small, A.; Smizanska, M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Bianco, M.; Borjanovic, I.; Cataldi, G.; Chiodini, G.; Coluccia, R.; Gorini, E.; Grancagnolo, S.; Graziani, E.; Perrino, R.; Podkladkin, S.; Primavera, M.; Siragusa, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Bianco, M.; Borjanovic, I.; Cataldi, G.; Chiodini, G.; Coluccia, R.; Gorini, E.; Grancagnolo, S.; Graziani, E.; Perrino, R.; Podkladkin, S.; Primavera, M.; Siragusa, G.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, IT-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Austin, N.; Booth, P. S. L.; Burdin, S.; Dervan, P.; Flowerdew, M. J.; George, M. A.; Greena, A.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Hayward, H. S.; Houlden, M. A.; Jackson, J. N.; Jones, T. J.; King, B. T.; Leney, K. J. C.; Manca, G.; Prichard, P. M.; Shears, T. G.; Smith, N. A.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Cindro, V.; Dolenc, I.; Filipcic, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mijovic, L.; Mikuz, M.; Tadel, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Cindro, V.; Dolenc, I.; Filipcic, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mijovic, L.; Mikuz, M.; Tadel, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Adragna, P.; Allport, P. P.; Beck, G. A.; Belymam, A.; Carter, A. A.; Dalmau, J.; Eisenhandler, E.; Gannaway, F. C.; Gnanvo, K. G.; Landon, M. P. J.; Lloyd, S. L.; Morin, J.; Morris, J.; Nagai, K.; Shibata, A.] Univ London, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. [Berry, T.; Boorman, G.; Cheng, T. L.; Cooper-Smith, N. J.; Cowan, G.; De Santo, A.; George, S.; Goncalo, R.; Green, B.; Hollyman, G.; Kilvington, G.; Lowe, A.; Misiejuk, A.; Othegraven, R.; Pilkington, A. D.; Potter, C. J.; Schaefer, U.] Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Anderson, B.; Asquith, L.; Butterworth, J. M.; Byatt, T.; Dean, S.; Gwenlan, C.; Jones, T. W.; Konstantinidis, N.; Ozcan, V. E.; Pater, J. R.; Postranecky, M.; Sherwood, P.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Calderini, G.; Camard, A.; Cavalleri, P.; Derue, F.; Escalier, M.; Fayette, F.; Fleuret, F.; Imbault, D.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Le Dortz, O.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Orsini, F.; Savoy-Navarro, A.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3,CNRS, FR-75252 Paris 05, France. [Akesson, T. P. A.; Eerola, P.; Egede, U.; Hedberg, V.; Jarlskog, G.; Korsmo, H.; Mjoernmark, J. U.] Lund Univ, Inst Fys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Barreiro, F.; Cantero, J.; Del Peso, J.; Gabaldon, C.; Glasman, C.; Labarga, L.; Nebot, E.; Oliver, C.; Peez, M.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Fac Ciencias, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Aharrouche, M.; Bauss, B.; Bendel, M.; Blum, W.; Degele, R.; Eckweiler, S.; Kleinknecht, K.; Koepke, L.; Kuhl, T.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Ask, S.; Bell, P. J.; Cox, B. E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Foster, J. M.; Head, S. J.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Ibbotson, M.; Keates, J. R.; Kelly, M.; Kolya, S. D.; Lagouri, T.; Loebinger, F. K.; Marshall, R.; Masik, J.; Miyagawa, P. S.; Nasteva, I.; Pater, J. R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Hinkelbein, C.; Khomich, A.; Kugel, A.; Maenner, R.] Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, DE-68131 Mannheim, Germany. [Aad, G.; Bee, C.; Benchouk, C.; Bernardet, K.; Breugnon, P.; Cerna, C.; Clemens, J. C.; Correard, S.; Dargent, P.; Delpierre, P.; Djama, F.; Etienne, F.; Feligioni, L.; Hallewell, G. D.; Henry-Couannier, F.; Hoffmann, D.; Hubaut, F.; Karst, P.; Leveque, J.; Meessen, C.; Monnier, E.; Mouthuy, T.; Pralavorio, P.; Qian, Z.; Resende, B.; Rozanov, A.; Sauvage, D.; Talby, M.; Tisserant, S.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Dallapiccola, C.; Moore, T. B.; Moyse, E. J. W.; van Eldik, N.; Woudstra, M. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dobbs, M.; Dufour, M-A.; Robertson, S. H.; Rios, C. Santamarina; Warburton, A.] McGill Univ, High Energy Phys Grp, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Atkinson, T.; Barberio, E. L.; Bischofberger, M.; Davidson, N.; Fawzi, F.; Guy, L.; Kazi, S. I.; La Rosa, M.; Moloney, G.; Moorhead, G. F.; Morley, A. K.; Phan, A.; Taylor, G. N.; Tovey, S. N.; Winton, L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Chapman, J. W.; Cirilli, M.; Dai, T.; de La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Diehl, E. B.; Eppig, A.; Ferretti, C.; Goldfarb, S.; Levin, D.; Mc Kee, S. P.; Neal, H. A.; Purdham, J.; Qian, J.; Thun, R. P.; Yang, H.; Zhao, Z.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Brock, R.; Bromberg, C.; Comune, G.; Di Mattia, A.; Ermoline, I.; Gonzalez-Pineiro, B.; Hauser, R.; Huston, J.; Martin, B.; Pope, B. G.; Richards, R. A.; Ryan, P.; Schwienhorst, R.] Michigan State Univ, High Energy Phys Grp, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Acerbi, E.; Aleppo, M.; Alessandria, F.; Alimonti, G.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreazza, A.; Baccaglioni, G.; Banfi, D.; Battistoni, G.; Bellomo, G.; Bonivento, W.; Broggi, F.; Caccia, M.; Carminati, L.; Cataneo, F.; Cavalli, D.; Citterio, M.; Coelli, S.; Costa, G.; De Sanctis, U.; Fanti, M.; Giugni, D.; Lari, T.; Mandelli, L.; Meroni, C.; Montesano, S.; Perini, L.; Ragusa, F.; Resconi, S.; Rivoltella, G.; Rossi, L.; Sala, P.; Sorbi, M.; Tartarelli, G.; Troncon, C.; Volpini, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Acerbi, E.; Aleppo, M.; Alessandria, F.; Alimonti, G.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreazza, A.; Baccaglioni, G.; Banfi, D.; Battistoni, G.; Bellomo, G.; Bonivento, W.; Broggi, F.; Caccia, M.; Carminati, L.; Cataneo, F.; Cavalli, D.; Citterio, M.; Coelli, S.; Costa, G.; De Sanctis, U.; Fanti, M.; Giugni, D.; Lari, T.; Mandelli, L.; Meroni, C.; Montesano, S.; Perini, L.; Ragusa, F.; Resconi, S.; Rivoltella, G.; Rossi, L.; Sala, P.; Sorbi, M.; Tartarelli, G.; Troncon, C.; Volpini, G.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bogouch, A.; Kurochkin, Y. A.; Tsiareshka, P. V.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. [Gilewsky, V.; Kuzhir, P.; Rumiantsev, V.] Natl Sci & Educ Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, NC PHEP BSU, Minsk 220040, Byelarus. [Coco, R.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Azuelos, G.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Brelier, B.; Charron, S.; Ferland, J.; Idarraga, J.; Lebel, C.; Leroy, C.; Martin, J. P.; Mehdiyev, R.] Univ Montreal, Grp Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Benchekroun, D.; El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui; Derkaoui, J. E.; El Kacimi, M.; Ghazlane, H.; Goujdami, D.; Hakimi, M.; Hoummada, A.] Univ Hassan 2, Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. [Benchekroun, D.; El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui; Derkaoui, J. E.; El Kacimi, M.; Ghazlane, H.; Goujdami, D.; Hakimi, M.; Hoummada, A.] Univ Mohammed 5, Fac Sci, Rabat, Morocco. [Baranov, S. P.; Gavrilenko, I. L.; Kayumov, F.; Komar, A. A.; Konovalov, S. P.; Mouraviev, S. V.; Nechaeva, P.; Shmeleva, A.; Tikhomirov, V. O.] Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, RU-117924 Moscow, Russia. [Artamonov, A.; Epshteyn, V. S.; Khovanskiy, V.; Tsukerman, I. I.] ITEP, RU-117259 Moscow, Russia. [Bondarenko, V. G.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Kantserov, V. A.; Kondratyeva, N. V.; Mashinistov, R.; Morozov, S. V.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Sosnovtsev, V. V.; Zhelezko, A.] MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia. [Basiladze, S.; Eremin, V.; Grishkevich, Y.; Kramarenko, V.; Nikitin, N.; Sivoklokov, S.; Smirnova, L.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia. [Biebel, O.; Binder, M.; Boehm, M.; Boutemeur, M.; Brandt, A.; Christiansen, T.; Deile, M.; Duckeck, G.; Elmsheuser, J.; Fiedler, F.; Genest, M. H.; Hertenberger, R.; Kennedy, J.; Krobath, G.; Lambacher, M.; Mameghani, R.; Merk, D.; Nunnemann, T.; Obermaier, M.; Rauscher, F.; Ruckert, B.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schott, M.; Serfon, C.; Staude, A.; Stroehmer, R.; Vollmer, C. F.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, DE-85748 Garching, Germany. [Abdesselam, A.; Aderholz, M.; Andricek, L.; Bangert, A.; Barillari, T.; Bartheld, V.; Bartko, H.; Bethke, S.; Dedes, G.; Dietl, H.; Fent, J.; Fritsch, K.; Ghodbane, N.; Goettfert, T.; Groh, M.; Haertel, R.; Haubold, T. G.; Hauff, D.; Horvat, S.; Hott, T.; Kaiser, S.; Kiryunin, A. E.; Kluth, S.; Kortner, O.; Kotov, S.; Kroha, H.; Lutz, G.; Manz, A.; Moser, H. G.; Nisius, R.; Oberlack, H.; Gomez, M. Olivo; Pataraia, S.; Potrap, I. N.; Rauter, E.; Richter, R. H.; Richter, R.; Schacht, P.; Schieck, J.; Schmuecker, H.; Stiller, W.; Stonjek, S.; Striegel, D.; Tripiana, M. F.; Valderanis, C.; Zhuang, X. A.] Max Planck Inst Phys Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Shimojima, M.; Tanaka, Y.] Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. [Ohshima, T.; Sugimoto, T.; Tomoto, M.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Biglietti, M.; Canale, V.; Caprio, M.; Carlino, G.; Cevenini, F.; Chiefari, G.; Conventi, F. A.; de Asmundis, R.; Pietra, M. Delta; della Volpe, D.; Doria, A.; Izzo, V.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Villella, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-80126 Naples, Italy. [Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Biglietti, M.; Canale, V.; Caprio, M.; Carlino, G.; Cevenini, F.; Chiefari, G.; Conventi, F. A.; de Asmundis, R.; Pietra, M. Delta; della Volpe, D.; Doria, A.; Izzo, V.; Patricelli, S.; Sekhniaidze, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, IT-80126 Naples, Italy. Naruto Univ Educ, Naruto, Tokushima 772, Japan. [Gorelov, I.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Seidel, S. C.; Thomas, T. L.; Toms, K.; Vataga, E.; Vreeswijk, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [De Groot, N.; Filthaut, F.; Jansen, E.; Klok, P. F.; Koenig, A. C.; Koetsveld, E.; Magrath, C. A.; Wijnen, T.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Dept Expt High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bentvelsen, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bos, K.; Boterenbrood, H.; Brouwer, G.; Buis, E. J.; Buskop, J. J. F.; Colijn, A. P.; Dankers, R.; Daum, C.; de Boer, R.; de Jong, P.; Ennes, P.; Gosselink, M.; Groenstege, H.; Hart, R. G. G.; Hartjes, F.; Hendriks, P. J.; Hessey, N. P.; Jansweijer, P. P. M.; Kieft, G.; Klous, S.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Koutsman, A.; Massaro, G.; Muijs, A.; Rewiersma, P.; Rijpstra, M.; Scholte, R. C.; Schuijlenburg, H. W.; Snuverink, J.; van der Graaf, H.; van der Kraaij, E.; Van Eijk, B.; van Kesteren, Z.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subatom Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bentvelsen, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Boscherini, D.; Boterenbrood, H.; Brouwer, G.; Buis, E. J.; Buskop, J. J. F.; Colijn, A. P.; Dankers, R.; Daum, C.; de Boer, R.; de Jong, P.; Ennes, P.; Gosselink, M.; Groenstege, H.; Hart, R. G. G.; Hartjes, F.; Hendriks, P. J.; Hessey, N. P.; Jansweijer, P. P. M.; Kieft, G.; Klous, S.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Koutsman, A.; Massaro, G.; Muijs, A.; Rewiersma, P.; Rijpstra, M.; Scholte, R. C.; Schuijlenburg, H. W.; Snuverink, J.; van der Graaf, H.; van der Kraaij, E.; Van Eijk, B.; van Kesteren, Z.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Aulchenko, V. M.; Kazanin, V. A.; Kotov, K. Y.; Malychev, V.; Schamov, A. G.; Talyshev, A.; Tikhonov, Y. A.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. [Casadei, D.; Cranmer, K.; Djilkibaev, R.; Konoplich, R.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.; Zhao, L.] New York Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Arms, K. E.; Fernando, W.; Fisher, M. J.; Gan, K. K.; Kagan, H.; Loureiro, K. E.; Smith, D. S.; Ter-Antonyan, R.; Zoeller, M. M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mima, S.; Naito, D.; Nakano, I.; Tanaka, R.] Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Boyd, G. R.; Gutierrez, P.; Huang, G. S.; Saleem, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Snow, J.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Abi, B. A.; Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Igonkina, O.; Strom, D. M.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Arnault, C.; Auge, E.; Barrillon, P.; Bonis, J.; Bourdarios, C.; Breton, D.; Collard, C.; De La Taille, C.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Duflot, L.; Falleau, I.; Falou, A. C.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Guilhem, G.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Hrivnac, J.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Imbert, P.; Kado, M.; Koletsou, I.; Lechowski, M.; Mace, G. G. R.; Matricon, P.; Noppe, J-M.; Perus, P.; Plamondon, M.; Poggioli, L.; Prat, S.; Puzo, P.; Richer, J-P; Rybkine, G.; Schaffer, A. C.; Seguin-Moreau, N.; Serin, L.; Tocut, V. M.; Turlay, E.; Varouchas, D.; Veillet, J. J.; Wicek, F.; Zerwas, D.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, Orsay, France. [Hanagaki, K.; Sugaya, Y.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Bugge, L.; Buran, T.; Cameron, D.; Danielsen, K. M.; Dorholt, O.; Huse, T.; Lund, E.; Ould-Saada, F.; Pajchel, K.; Pylypchenko, Y.; Reads, A. L.; Rohne, O.; Samset, B. H.; Stapnes, S.; Strandlie, A.; Sundal, B.; Taga, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Abdesselam, A.; Bargassa, P.; Barr, A. J.; Brandt, O.; Brett, N. D.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Buira-Clark, D.; Coe, P.; Cox, J.; Dehchar, M.; Dennis, C.; Fiascaris, M.; Fopma, J.; Gallas, E. J.; Gibson, S. M.; Gilbert, L. M.; Hawes, B. M.; Heinemann, F. E. W.; Hindson, D.; Holmes, A.; Howell, D. F.; Huffman, B. T.; Jones, M.; Unel, M. Karagoz; Kirsch, G. P.; Kundu, N.; Lau, W.; Lavorato, A.; Lohwasser, K.; Lynn, J.; Mitra, A.; Ottewell, B.; Phillips, A. W.; Shield, P.; Vertogardov, L.; Wastie, R.; Weidberg, A. R.; Yang, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Bellomo, M.; Cambiaghi, M.; Conta, C.; Ferrari, R.; Fraternali, M.; Lanza, A.; Livan, M.; Prata, M.; Rebuzzi, D.; Rimoldi, A.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Vercesi, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Bellomo, M.; Cambiaghi, M.; Conta, C.; Ferrari, R.; Fraternali, M.; Lanza, A.; Livan, M.; Prata, M.; Rebuzzi, D.; Rimoldi, A.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Vercesi, V.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dressnandt, N.; Hance, M.; Keener, P. T.; Martin, F. F.; Munar, A.; Newcomer, F. M.; Williams, H. H.] Univ Penn, High Energy Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fedin, O. L.; Filimonov, V.; Gratchev, V.; Katunin, S.; Kazarov, A.; Khomutnikov, V. P.; Kovalenko, S.; Kudin, L. G.; Nesterov, S. Y.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Sedykh, E.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Soloviev, I.; Zalite, A. Yu.; Zalite, Yo. K.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Russia. [Bosi, F.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Cicalini, E.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Flaminio, V.; Francavilla, P.; Giangiobbe, V.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Zenonos, Z.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Alessandria, F.; Bosi, F.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Cicalini, E.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Flaminio, V.; Francavilla, P.; Giangiobbe, V.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Zenonos, Z.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bansal, V.; Boudreau, J.; Boulahouache, C.; Cleland, W.; Haboubi, G.; Kittelmann, T.; McDonald, J.; Tsulaia, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Alves, R.; Amorim, A.; Barros, N.; Bastos, J.; Benincasa, G. P.; Caracinha, D.; Cardeira, C.; Carvalho, J.; Castro, N.; Muino, P. Conde; David, M.; Esteves, F.; Gomes, A.; Gomes, J.; Gouveia, J.; Gurriana, L.; Juranek, V.; Lopes, L.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Maneira, M.; Marques, C. N.; Martins, J.; Jorge, P. Mendes; Pereira, A.; Pina, J.; Pinhao, J.; Pinto, B.; da Costa, J. Sa; Santos, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Varanda, M.; Vaz, L.; Villate, J.; Wemans, A.; Wolters, H.] LIP, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Alves, R.; Amorim, A.; Barros, N.; Bastos, J.; Benincasa, G. P.; Borisov, A.; Caracinha, D.; Cardeira, C.; Carvalho, J.; Castrovillari, F.; Muino, P. Conde; David, M.; Esteves, F.; Gomes, A.; Gomes, J.; Gouveia, J.; Gurriana, L.; Juranek, V.; Lopes, L.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Maneira, M.; Marques, C. N.; Martins, J.; Jorge, P. Mendes; Pereira, A.; Pina, J.; Pinhao, J.; Pinto, B.; da Costa, J. Sa; Santos, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Soares, M.; Soares, S.; Varanda, M.; Vaz, L.; Villate, J.; Wemans, A.; Wolters, H.] Univ Coimbra, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Alves, R.; Amorim, A.; Barros, N.; Bastos, J.; Benincasa, G. P.; Caracinha, D.; Cardeira, C.; Carvalho, J.; Castro, N.; Muino, P. Conde; David, M.; Esteves, F.; Gomes, A.; Gomes, J.; Gouveia, J.; Gurriana, L.; Juranek, V.; Lopes, L.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Maneira, M.; Marques, C. N.; Martins, J.; Jorge, P. Mendes; Pereira, A.; Pina, J.; Pinhao, J.; Pinto, B.; da Costa, J. Sa; Santos, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Soares, S.; Varanda, M.; Vaz, L.; Villate, J.; Wemans, A.; Wolters, H.] Univ Lisbon, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Alves, R.; Amorim, A.; Barros, N.; Bastos, J.; Benincasa, G. P.; Caracinha, D.; Cardeira, C.; Carvalho, J.; Castro, N.; Muino, P. Conde; David, M.; Esteves, F.; Gomes, A.; Gomes, J.; Gouveia, J.; Gurriana, L.; Juranek, V.; Lopes, L.; Maio, A.; Onofre, A.; Pereira, A.; Pina, J.; Pinhao, J.; Pinto, B.; da Costa, J. Sa; Santos, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Soares, S.; Varanda, M.; Vaz, L.; Villate, J.; Wemans, A.; Wolters, H.] Univ Nova Lisboa, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bazalova, M.; Bohm, J.; Chudoba, J.; Gunther, J.; Havranek, M.; Hruska, I.; Jez, P.; Kepka, O.; Kupco, A.; Kus, V.; Lokajicek, M.; Mikestikova, M.; Tasevsky, M.; Tic, T.; Tomasek, L.; Tomasek, M.; Valenta, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Broklova, Z.; Broz, J.; Davidek, T.; Dolejsi, J.; Doleza, Z.; Drasal, Z.; Kodys, P.; Krivkova, P.; Kubik, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Augsten, K.; Bedajanek, I.; Benes, J.; Chren, D.; Holy, T.; Homola, P.; Horazdovsky, T.; Hubacek, Z.; Jakubek, J.; Kholodenko, A. G.; Kohout, Z.; Koreshev, V.; Kostrikov, M. E.; Kozhin, A. S.; Kral, V.; Sodomka, J.; Vacek, V.; Vokac, P.; Zychacek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, CZ-16635 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Ammosov, V. V.; Borisov, A.; Bozhko, N. I.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Chuguev, A. G.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Fakhrutdinov, R. M.; Fenyuk, A. B.; Gapienko, V. A.; Golovnia, S. N.; Gorokhov, S. A.; Goryachev, S. V.; Goryachev, V. N.; Gushchin, V. N.; Kabachenko, V. V.; Karyukhin, A. N.; Kiver, A. M.; Kopikov, S. V.; Korotkov, V. A.; Lapin, V. V.; Vorobiev, A. P.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zmouchko, V. V.] Fed Agcy Atom Energy, Inst High Energy Phys, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. [Apsimon, R.; Baines, J. T.; Barclay, P.; Barnett, B. M.; Batchelor, L. E.; Baynham, D. E.; Bizzell, J. P.; Botterill, D.; Brawn, I. P.; Burckhart-Chromek, D.; Butterworth, J.; Carr, F. S.; Clifft, R. W.; Cragg, D. A.; Dallison, S. J.; Densham, C. J.; Emeliyanov, D.; Fisher, S. M.; Gallop, B. J.; Gee, C. N. P.; Gibson, M. D.; Gillman, A. R.; Greenfield, D.; Hatley, R. W.; Hayler, T.; Haywood, S. J.; Hicheur, A.; Holt, R.; Holtom, E.; Jones, A.; Kirk, J.; Li, W.; Matheson, J.; McCubbin, N. A.; Middleton, R.; Morrissey, M. C.; Murray, W. J.; Nelson, C.; Nichols, A.; Norton, P. R.; Perera, V. J. O.; Prieur, D.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Scott, W. G.; Tarrant, J.; Towndrow, E. F.; Tricoli, A.; Warner, G. P.; Wickens, F. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Benslama, K.; Khoriauli, G.] Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Caloba, L. P.; Cerqueira, A. S.; Torres, R. Coura; Gesualdi Mello, A. Da Rocha; Da Silva, P. V. M.; do Vale, M. A. B.; Maidantchik, C.; Nepomuceno, A. A.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ritsumeikan Univ, Shiga 5258577, Japan. [Lobkowicz, F.; Slattery, P.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bagnaia, P.; Bini, C.; Boaretto, C.; Caloi, R.; Cardini, A.; Cavallari, A.; Ciapetti, G.; De Pedis, D.; De Salvo, A.; De Zorzi, G.; Di Domenico, A.; Di Girolamo, A.; Dionisi, C.; Falciano, S.; Gauzzi, P.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Luminari, L.; Moch, M.; Nisati, A.; Camillocci, E. Solfaroli; Spila, F.] INFN Roma I, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bagnaia, P.; Bini, C.; Boaretto, C.; Caloi, R.; Cardini, A.; Cavallari, A.; Ciapetti, G.; De Salvo, A.; De Zorzi, G.; Di Domenico, A.; Di Girolamo, A.; Dionisi, C.; Falciano, S.; Gauzzi, P.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Luminari, L.; Moch, M.; Nisati, A.; Camillocci, E. Solfaroli; Spila, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Camarri, P.; Cardarelli, R.; Di Ciaccio, A.] INFN Roma Tor Vergata, IT-00133 Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Camarri, P.; Cardarelli, R.; Di Ciaccio, A.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, IT-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bacci, C.; Baroncelli, A.; Branchini, P.; Ceradini, F.; Di Luise, S.; Diglio, S.; Farilla, A.; Graziani, E.; Iodice, M.] INFN Roma Tre, IT-00146 Rome, Italy. [Bacci, C.; Baroncelli, A.; Branchini, P.; Ceradini, F.; Di Luise, S.; Diglio, S.; Farilla, A.; Graziani, E.; Iodice, M.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, IT-00146 Rome, Italy. [Chouridou, S.; Dorfan, D. E.; Dubbs, T.; Fadeyev, V.; Grillo, A. A.; Hansl-Kozanecka, T.; Litke, A. M.; Lockman, W. S.; Nielsen, J.; Rosenbaum, F.; Seiden, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Daly, C. H.; Forbush, D. A.; Gaudio, G.; Kuykendall, W.; Lubatti, H. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Booth, C. N.; Booth, P.; Costanzo, D.; Dawson, I.; Dixon, S. D.; Duxfield, R.; Harper, R.; Hodgkinson, M. C.; Hodgson, P.; Johansson, P.; Kerschen, N.; Lehto, M.; Manolopoulos, S.; Rothberg, J.; Watts, G.; Zhu, H. Z.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Hasegawa, Y.] Shinshu Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. [Buchholz, P.; Fleck, I.; Grybel, K.; Holder, M.; Ibragimov, I.; Stahl, T.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, DE-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Bieri, M.; Komaragiri, J. R.; O'Neil, D. C.; Rezaie, E.; Schouten, D.; Stewart, T. D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Aracena, I.; Bartoldus, R.; Demers, S.; Gao, Y. S.; Gowdy, S.; Horn, C.; Miller, D. W.; Schwartzman, A.; Su, D.; Young, C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Bednar, P.; Bruncko, D.; Coss, J.; Ferencei, J.; Gazo, E.; Kladiva, E.; Lovas, L.; Seman, M.; Stavina, P.; Tomasz, F.; Zilka, B.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Bednar, P.; Bruncko, D.; Coss, J.; Ferencei, J.; Gazo, E.; Kladiva, E.; Lovas, L.; Seman, M.; Stavina, P.; Strizenec, P.; Tomasz, F.; Zilka, B.] Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Subnucl Phys, Inst Expt Phys, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. [Asman, B.; Bergeaas, E.; Berglund, S.; Bohm, C.; Clement, C.; Engstrom, M.; Eriksson, D.; Hellman, S.; Hidvegi, A.; Holmgren, S. O.; Johansen, M.; Johansson, K. E.; Johansson, P.; Jon-And, K.; Milstead, D. A.; Moa, T.; Rahimi, A. M.; Sellden, B.; Sjoelin, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grahn, K-J.; Hansson, P.] Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ahmad, A.; Botchev, B.; Engelmann, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Goodson, J. J.; Grimm, K.; Khodinov, A.; McCarthy, R. L.; Thioye, M.; Yurkewicz, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lee, J. S. H.; Varvell, K. E.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chu, M. L.; Gellerstedt, K.; Hou, S.; Liang, Z.; Lin, S. C.; Zhou, S.; Zhou, Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Harpaz, S. Behar; Ben Ami, S.; Bressler, S.; Gernizky, Y.; Hadash, E.; Harel, A.; Kajomovitz, E.; Lifshitz, R.; Lupu, N.; Panikashvili, N.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Abramowicz, H.; Alexander, G.; Amram, N.; Bellachia, F.; Ben Moshe, M.; Benary, O.; Benhammou, Y.; Brodet, E.; Etzion, E.; Ginzburg, J.; Mahalalel, Y.; Oren, Y.; Reichold, A.; Reinherz-Aronis, E.; Urkovsky, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Anastopoulos, C.; Bachas, K.; Bouzakis, K.; Christidi, I. A.; Krepouri, A.; Liolios, A.; Petridou, C.; Tsiafis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Div Nucl & Particle Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Asai, S.; Imori, M.; Ishino, M.; Kanaya, N.; Kaneda, M.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kobayashi, T.; Kubota, T.; Mashimo, T.; Matsunaga, H.; Sakamoto, H.; Ueda, I.] Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Asai, S.; Imori, M.; Ishino, M.; Kanaya, N.; Kaneda, M.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kobayashi, T.; Kubota, T.; Mashimo, T.; Matsunaga, H.; Ueda, I.] Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Bratzler, U.; Fukunaga, C.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Bailey, D. C.; Gibson, A.; Gorbounov, P. A.; Groer, L. S.; Guo, B.; Knecht, N. K.; Krieger, P.; Le Maner, C.; Ma, L. L.; Mayer, J. K.; Mazini, R.; Orr, R. S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hodges, T. A.; Ishizawa, Y.; Kurchaninov, L. L.; Langstaff, R. R.; Losty, M. J.; Moraes, A.; Tafirout, R.; Trigger, I. M.; Walker, R.; Wellisch, H. P.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Hara, K.; Inoue, K.; Kim, S. H.; Mochizuki, A.; Nagai, Y.; Nakamura, K.; Nakamura, Y.; Ukegawa, F.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Hara, K.; Inoue, K.; Kim, S. H.; Todorova-Nova, S.] Tufts Univ, Ctr Sci & Technol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Mann, W. A.] Univ Antonio Narino, Ctr Invest, Bogota, Colombia. [Acharya, B. S.; Cauz, D.; Coba, M.; De Lotto, B.; Del Papa, C.; Giordani, M. 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[Abdallah, J.; Ballester, F.; Bernabeu, J.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cabruja Casas, E.; Calderon Terol, D.; Camarena, F.; Campabadal Segura, F.; Castelo, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Civera, J. V.; Costa, G.; Cuenca Almenar, C.; Cornell, S. Diez; Escobar, C.; Fassi, F.; Ferrer, A.; Corral, C. M. Fleta; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; Botella, I. Gil; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Kaci, M.; Lozano Fantoba, M.; Lopez-Amengua, J. M.; March, L.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Martinez Lacambra, C.; Pellegrini, G.; Rafi, J. M.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Lozano, M. A. Sanchis; Peris, E. Sanchis; Santander, J.; Medel, J. Soret; Pais, J. G. Torres; Comes, M. Ullan; Valero, A.; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vives, R.; Vos, M.] Ctr Mixto UVEG, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Abdallah, J.; Ballester, F.; Bernabeu, J.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cabruja Casas, E.; Calderon Terol, D.; Camarena, F.; Campabadal Segura, F.; Castelo, J.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Civera, J. V.; Costa, M. J.; Cuenca Almenar, C.; Cornell, S. Diez; Escobar, C.; Fassi, F.; Ferrer, A.; Corral, C. M. Fleta; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; Botella, I. Gil; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Kaci, M.; Lozano Fantoba, M.; Lopez-Amengua, J. M.; March, L.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Martinez Lacambra, C.; Pellegrini, G.; Rafi, J. M.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Lozano, M. A. Sanchis; Peris, E. Sanchis; Santander, J.; Medel, J. Soret; Pais, J. G. Torres; Comes, M. Ullan; Valero, A.; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vives, R.; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Abdallah, J.; Ballester, F.; Bernabeu, J.; Cabrera Urban, S.; Cabruja Casas, E.; Calderon Terol, D.; Camarena, F.; Campabadal Segura, F.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Civera, J. V.; Costa, M. J.; Cuenca Almenar, C.; Cornell, S. Diez; Escobar, C.; Ferrer, A.; Corral, C. M. Fleta; Fuster, J.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; Botella, I. Gil; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Kaci, M.; Lozano Fantoba, M.; Lopez-Amengua, J. M.; March, L.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Martinez Lacambra, C.; Pellegrini, G.; Rafi, J. M.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Lozano, M. A. Sanchis; Peris, E. Sanchis; Santander, J.; Medel, J. Soret; Pais, J. G. Torres; Comes, M. Ullan; Valero, A.; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vives, R.; Vos, M.] IMB CNM CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Axen, A.; Gay, C.; Loh, C. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Albert, J.; Astbury, A.; Berghaus, F.; Courneyea, L.; Fincke-Keeler, M.; Honma, A.; Ince, T.; Keeler, R.; Kowalewski, R.; Lelas, D.; Lessard, J-R.; McPherson, R. A.; Poffenberger, P.; Taylor, R. P.; Voss, K. C.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Duchovni, E.; Gross, E.; Klier, A.; Lellouch, D.; Levinson, L. J.; Melamed-Katz, A.; Mikenberg, G.; Prosso, E.; Shoa, M.; Smakhtin, V.; Zivkovic, L.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Chen, X.; Dos Anjos, A.; Fang, Y.; Fasching, D.; Ferguson, D.; Castillo, L. R. Flores; Goldschmidt, N.; Gonzalez, S.; Jared, R. C.; Joseph, J.; Cheong, A. Leung Fook; Garcia, B. R. Mellado; Padhi, S.; Pan, Y. B.; Quayle, W. B.; Stradling, A.; Vickey, T.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wu, S. L.; Zobernig, G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Becks, K. H.; Bellina, F.; Boek, J.; Braun, H. M.; Dima, M.; Dopke, J.; Drees, J.; Flick, T.; Gerlach, P.; Glitza, K. W.; Gorfine, G.; Grah, C.; Gregor, I. M.; Hamacher, K.; Harenberg, T.; Henss, T.; Imhaeuser, M.; Kind, P.; Kootz, A.; Lantzsch, K.; Lenz, T.; Lenzen, G.; Lepidis, J.; List, J.; Maettig, P.; Maettig, S.; Meder-Marouelli, D.; Pauna, E.; Sanny, B.; Shah, T. P.; Siebel, A.; Thadome, J.; Tynde, M.; Wahlen, H.; Zeitnitz, C.] Bergische Univ, Fachbereich C, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Auerbach, B.; Baker, O. K.; Kaplan, B.; Loginov, A.; Lokwitz, S.; Martin, A. J.; Schmidt, M. P.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Adamyan, F.; Grabski, V.; Hakobyan, H.; Mkrtchyan, S.; Simonyan, M.] Yerevan Phys Inst, AM-375036 Yerevan, Armenia. [Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bingul, A.] Gaziantep Univ, Ankara, Turkey. [de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Gadomski, S.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Ehrenfeld, W.; Haller, J.; Terwort, M.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Joo, K. K.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Phys, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Macpherson, A.; Rotaru, M.; Ruber, R.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Richter-Was, E.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Toth, J.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Zhang, H.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Arnaud, M.; Bachacou, H.; Bauer, F.; Beaugiraud, B.; Berriaud, C.; Besson, N.; Boonekamp, M.; Chalifour, M.; Chevalier, L.; Dael, A.; de La Broise, X.; Delagnes, E.; Dentan, M.; Durand, D.; Ernwein, J.; Etienvre, A. I.; Fleischmann, P.; Formica, A.; Gautard, V.; Guyot, C.; Hassani, S.; Helsens, C.; Kozanecki, W.; Mansoulie, B.; Mayri, C.; Meyer, J-P; Nicolaidou, R.; Ponsot, P.; Schune, Ph.; Schwindling, J.; Vedrine, P.] CEA, DSM DAPNIA, Ctr Etud Saclay, FR-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Froidevaux, D (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Daniel.Froidevaux@cern.ch; Manuella.Vincter@cern.ch RI Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; SUN, Zhihong/F-3783-2010; valente, paolo/A-6640-2010; Di Domenico, Antonio/G-6301-2011; Bauer, Florian/G-8816-2011; Moraes, Arthur/F-6478-2010; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Perrino, Roberto/B-4633-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Pouzada, Antonio/D-8451-2011; Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Cabruja, Enric/C-3439-2011; soret medel, jesus/B-2958-2012; branchini, paolo/A-4857-2011; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Rotaru, Marina/A-3097-2011; Nemecek, Stanislav/C-3487-2012; Szczygiel, Robert/B-5662-2011; Eklund, Lars/C-7709-2012; David, Mario/C-4664-2012; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; Rafi, Joan Marc/D-5500-2012; Smirnova, Lidia/D-8089-2012; Smirnov, Sergei/F-1014-2011; Kramarenko, Victor/E-1781-2012; Price, Darren/E-6162-2012; Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Petrucci, Fabrizio/G-8348-2012; Wemans, Andre/A-6738-2012; Fabbri, Laura/H-3442-2012; Kurashige, Hisaya/H-4916-2012; Kuzhir, Polina/H-8653-2012; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012; Winton, Lyle/I-8732-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Veneziano, Stefano/J-1610-2012; spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012; Della Pietra, Massimo/J-5008-2012; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Cardini, Alessandro/J-5736-2012; Cascella, Michele/B-6156-2013; Amorim, Antonio/C-8460-2013; sala, paola/E-2868-2013; Pina, Joao /C-4391-2012; Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013; Casadei, Diego/I-1785-2013; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Boyko, Igor/J-3659-2013; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011; Liu, Sheng/K-2815-2013; Kartvelishvili, Vakhtang/K-2312-2013; Dawson, Ian/K-6090-2013; Solfaroli Camillocci, Elena/J-1596-2012; Perepelkin, Evgeny/K-7608-2013; Castro, Nuno/D-5260-2011; Wolters, Helmut/M-4154-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Sa da Costa, Jose/N-6961-2013; Sukharev, Andrey/A-6470-2014; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Lee, Jason/B-9701-2014; Morozov, Sergey/C-1396-2014; Fleta, Celeste/D-7303-2014; Villa, Mauro/C-9883-2009; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Staroba, Pavel/G-8850-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Mikestikova, Marcela/H-1996-2014; Marcisovsky, Michal/H-1533-2014; Stastny, jan/H-2973-2014; Snesarev, Andrey/H-5090-2013; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Chudoba, Jiri/G-7737-2014; Peleganchuk, Sergey/J-6722-2014; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Camarena, Francisco/L-9349-2014; Nasteva, Irina/M-8764-2014; Santander, Joaquin/N-5841-2014; Demirkoz, Bilge/C-8179-2014; Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Livan, Michele/D-7531-2012; CARPENTIERI, CARMELA/E-2137-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Bernabeu, Jose/H-6708-2015; Gil Botella, Ines/H-8991-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Michelotto, Michele/A-9571-2013; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Hansen, John/B-9058-2015; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Di Simone, Andrea/K-6609-2013; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015; kayumov, fred/M-6274-2015; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015; Camarri, Paolo/M-7979-2015; Akimov, Andrey/N-1769-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Lozano, Manuel/C-3445-2011; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Konovalov, Serguei/M-9505-2015; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago/E-2494-2016; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Leyton, Michael/G-2214-2016; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011; SULIN, VLADIMIR/N-2793-2015; delagnes, eric/G-8782-2011; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012; Olshevskiy, Alexander/I-1580-2016; vasilyeva, lidia/M-9569-2015; Casado, Pilar/H-1484-2015; Maneira, Jose/D-8486-2011; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Barros, Nuno/O-1921-2016; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Gauzzi, Paolo/D-2615-2009; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Idzik, Marek/A-2487-2017; Mashinistov, Ruslan/M-8356-2015; Cardeira, Carlos/K-9502-2013; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Zhou, Ning/D-1123-2017; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/A-7305-2016; Grancagnolo, Francesco/K-2857-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; Saeed, Mohammad/J-7455-2012; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016; Fassi, Farida/F-3571-2016; la rotonda, laura/B-4028-2016; Karyukhin, Andrey/J-3904-2014; OI Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; valente, paolo/0000-0002-5413-0068; Di Domenico, Antonio/0000-0001-8078-2759; Moraes, Arthur/0000-0002-5157-5686; Perrino, Roberto/0000-0002-5764-7337; Pouzada, Antonio/0000-0003-0556-7519; Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Cabruja, Enric/0000-0003-4505-6465; soret medel, jesus/0000-0001-8695-6334; Rotaru, Marina/0000-0003-3303-5683; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; Rafi, Joan Marc/0000-0003-4581-9477; Smirnov, Sergei/0000-0002-6778-073X; Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Petrucci, Fabrizio/0000-0002-5278-2206; Wemans, Andre/0000-0002-9669-9500; Fabbri, Laura/0000-0002-4002-8353; Kuzhir, Polina/0000-0003-3689-0837; 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Della Volpe, Domenico/0000-0001-8530-7447; Cranmer, Kyle/0000-0002-5769-7094; Faccioli, Pietro/0000-0003-1849-6692; Klinkby, Esben Bryndt/0000-0002-1908-5644; Pomarede, Daniel/0000-0003-2038-0488; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357; Casadei, Diego/0000-0002-3343-3529; Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil/0000-0002-7006-0864; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; asquith, lily/0000-0001-8035-7162; CACCIA, MASSIMO/0000-0002-9499-678X; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096; Prokofiev, Kirill/0000-0002-2177-6401; Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252; Goncalo, Jose/0000-0002-3826-3442; Vivarelli, Iacopo/0000-0003-0097-123X; Price, Darren/0000-0003-2750-9977; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; abi, babak/0000-0001-7036-9645; Paoloni, Alessandro/0000-0002-4141-7799; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617 NR 268 TC 619 Z9 623 U1 39 U2 380 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR S08003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08003 PG 437 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900010 ER PT J AU Aamodt, K Quintana, AA Achenbach, R Acounis, S Adamova, D Adler, C Aggarwal, M Agnese, F Rinella, GA Ahammed, Z Ahmad, A Ahmad, N Ahmad, S Akindinov, A Akishin, P Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Alfaro, R Alfarone, G Alici, A Alme, J Alt, T Altinpinar, S Amend, W Andrei, C Andres, Y Andronic, A Anelli, G Anfreville, M Angelov, V Anzo, A Anson, C Anticic, T Antonenko, V Antonczyk, D Antinori, F Antinori, S Antonioli, P Aphecetche, L Appelshauser, H Aprodu, V Arba, M Arcelli, S Argentieri, A Armesto, N Arnaldi, R Arefiev, A Arsene, I Asryan, A Augustinus, A Awes, TC Auml;ysto, J Azmi, MD Bablock, S Badala, A Badyal, SK Baechler, J Bagnasco, S Bailhache, R Bala, R Baldisseri, A Baldit, A Ban, J Barbera, R Barberis, PL Barbet, JM Barnafoldi, G Barret, V Bartke, J Bartos, D Basile, M Basmanov, V Bastid, N Batigne, G Batyunya, B Baudot, J Baumann, C Bearden, I Becker, B Belikov, J Bellwied, R Belmont-Moreno, E Belogianni, A Belyaev, S Benato, A Beney, JL Benhabib, L Benotto, F Beoe, S Berceanu, I Bercuci, A Berdermann, E Berdnikov, Y Bernard, C Berny, R Berst, JD Bertelsen, H Betev, L Bhasin, A Baskar, P Bhati, A Bianchi, N Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bimbot, L Blanchard, G Blanco, F Blanco, F Blau, D Blume, C Blyth, S Boccioli, M Bogdanov, A Boggild, H Bogolyubsky, M Boldizsar, L Bombara, M Bombonati, C Bondila, M Bonnet, D Bonvicini, V Borel, H Borotto, F Borshchov, V Bortoli, Y Borysov, O Bose, S Bosisio, L Botje, M Bottger, S Bourdaud, G Bourrion, O Bouvier, S Braem, A Braun, M Braun-Munzinger, P Bravina, L Bregant, M Bruckner, G Brun, R Bruna, E Brunasso, O Bruno, GE Bucher, D Budilov, V Budnikov, D Buesching, H Buncic, P Burns, M Burachas, S Busch, O Bushop, J Cai, X Caines, H Calaon, F Caldogno, M Cali, I Camerini, P Campagnolo, R Campbell, M Cao, X Capitani, GP Romeo, GC Cardenas-Montes, M 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TI The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Review DE Instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators; Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy; Cherenkov and transition radiation; Gaseous detectors; Liquid detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; dE/dx detectors; Gamma detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Spectrometers; Time projection chambers; Timing detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Analysis and statistical methods; Computing; Data processing methods; Data reduction methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Simulation methods and programs; Software architectures; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Detector grounding; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design; Special cables; Voltage distributions ID SILICON PIXEL DETECTOR; RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBER; HIGH-LEVEL TRIGGER; ONLINE PATTERN-RECOGNITION; QUARTZ FIBER CALORIMETRY; ZERO DEGREE CALORIMETERS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; TPC DATA-COMPRESSION; DRIFT DETECTORS; FRONT-END AB ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008. 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Mercado; Oyama, K.; Radomski, S.; Rusanov, I.; Schicker, R.; Schweda, K.; Shukla, P.; Soltveit, H.; Stachel, J.; Vulpescu, B.; Wang, Y.; Windelband, B.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Aggarwal, M.; Bhati, A.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Agnese, F.; Baudot, J.; Berst, J. D.; Bonnet, D.; Clausse, O.; Coffin, J. -P.; Colledani, C.; Estienne, M.; Hippolyte, B.; Guo, C. Hu; Imhoff, M.; Kuhn, C.; Littel, F.; Lutz, J-R.; Michalon, A.; Plumeri, S.; Ricaud, H.; Sigward, M. H.; Wabnitz, C.; Zeter, V.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Rinella, G. Aglieri; Andres, Y.; Anelli, G.; Augustinus, A.; Baechler, J.; Barberis, P. -L.; Belikov, J.; Betev, L.; Boccioli, M.; Braem, A.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Buncic, P.; Burns, M.; Cali, I.; Campagnolo, R.; Campbell, M.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Ceresa, S.; Chapeland, S.; Cheshkov, C.; Chochula, P.; Barroso, V. Chibante; Cirstoiu, C.; Colla, A.; Da Silva, R.; Davenport, M.; de Groot, J.; Di Mauro, A.; Divia, R.; Engster, C.; Evrard, S.; Fabjan, C. W.; Flierl, D.; Formenti, F.; Fraissard, D.; Fuchs, U.; Lopez, A. Garcia; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Gutierrez, C. Gonzalez; Grigoras, C.; Grigoryan, C.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J.; Grosso, R.; Hoch, M.; Hoedlmoser, H.; Hristov, P.; Igolkin, S.; Innocenti, P. G.; Jacholkowski, A.; Jirden, L.; Jorgensen, C.; Kapusta, S.; Boesing, C. Klein; Kluge, A.; Kumpumaeki, P.; Labbe, J. -C.; Lackner, F.; Leistam, L.; Lenoir, P.; Lippmann, C.; Lo, J.; Noriega, M. Lopez; Lorenzo, P. M.; Makhlyueva, I.; Marin, A.; Martinengo, P.; Mast, M.; Meoni, A.; Morel, M.; Morsch, A.; Mueller, H.; Musa, L.; Oldenburg, M.; Osmic, F.; Perini, D.; Peskov, V.; Peters, A. J.; Morais, V. Pinto; Piuz, F.; Quercigh, E.; Rademakers, A.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Rosinsky, P.; Rossegger, S.; Safarik, K.; Saiz, P.; Santiard, J. -C.; Schioler, T.; Schossmaier, K.; Schukraft, J.; Schyns, E.; Shahoyan, R.; Snoeys, W.; Soos, C.; Steckert, J.; Stefanini, G.; Swoboda, D.; Szymanski, P.; Tadel, M.; Taureg, H.; Tavlet, M.; de Matos, C. Torcato; Tydesjo, H.; Vyvre, P. Vande; Vanuxem, J. -P.; Vascotto, A.; Wallet, L.; Wyllie, K.; Yin, Z.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Ahammed, Z.; Baskar, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, T.; Dubey, A. E.; Majumdar, M. Dutta; Ganti, M.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M.; Mondal, N.; Nayak, T.; Pal, S.; Saini, J.; Singaraju, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata, India. [Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, S.; Azmi, M. Danish; Irfan, M.; Kamal, A.; Khan, M. Mohsin] Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Akindinov, A.; Grishuk, Y.; Kaidalov, A.; Kiselev, S.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Mikhailov, K.; Sharkov, E.; Stavinskiy, A.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Zagreev, B.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Akishin, P.; Arefiev, A.; Batyunya, B.; Budilov, V.; Chepurnov, V.; Chernenko, S.; Efimov, L.; Efremov, A.; Fedorov, O.; Jancurova, L.; Koshurnikov, E.; Kutovsky, M.; Lobanov, V.; Makarov, A.; Minaev, Y.; Mitsyn, V.; Nomokonov, P.; Oleks, I.; Pismennaya, V.; Pocheptsov, T.; Shabratova, G.; Shurygin, A.; Shurygina, M.; Smykov, L.; Vala, M.; Vodopianov, A.; Zanevskiy, Y.; Zinchenko, A.; Zubarev, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Aleksandrov, D.; Antonenko, V.; Belyaev, S.; Blau, D.; Burachas, S.; Dobretsov, V.; Fokin, S.; Ippolitov, M.; Karadzhev, K.; Klimov, A.; Kozlov, K.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Lebedev, V.; Manko, V.; Meleshko, E.; Moukhanova, T.; Nianine, A.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Patarakin, O.; Peresunko, D.; Ryabinkin, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Soldatov, A.; Tsvetkov, A.; Vasiliev, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Yushmanov, I.] Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Alessandro, B.; Alfarone, G.; Arnaldi, R.; Bagnasco, S.; Benotto, F.; Beoe, S.; Bruna, E.; Brunasso, O.; Cerello, P.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coli, S.; Crescio, E.; De Marco, N.; De Remigis, P.; Dumitrache, F.; Farano, R.; Ferretti, A.; Filoni, E.; Gaido, L.; Gallio, M.; Gagliard, M.; Gaudichet, L.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Idzik, M.; Lusso, S.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Mazza, G.; Mereu, P.; Mignone, A.; Monteno, M.; Mucchi, M.; Musso, A.; Nouais, D.; Oppedisano, C.; Piccotti, A.; Pini, B.; Poggio, F.; Riccati, L.; Rivetti, A.; Rotondo, F.; Scomparin, E.; Senyukov, S.; Simonetti, L.; Stocco, D.; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Vercellin, E.; Wheadon, R.; Yermia, F.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Alfaro, R.; Anzo, A.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Gonzales-Trueba, L. H.; Grabski, V.; Leon, H.; Martinez-Davalos, A.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Sandoval, A.; Serkin, L.; Sokolov, O.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Alici, A.; Antinori, S.; Arcelli, S.; Basile, M.; Cifarelli-Strolin, L.; Falchieri, D.; Gabrielli, A.; Gandolfi, E.; Masetti, A.; Scioli, G.; Silenzi, A.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. [Alici, A.; Antinori, S.; Antonioli, P.; Arcelli, S.; Basile, M.; Romeo, G. Cara; Cavazza, D.; Cifarelli-Strolin, L.; Cindolo, F.; Costa, F.; Evangelista, A.; Falchieri, D.; Furini, M.; Gabrielli, A.; Gandolfi, E.; Guerzoni, M.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Laurenti, G.; Luvisetto, M.; Margotti, A.; Masetti, A.; Massera, F.; Meneghini, S.; Michinelli, R.; Nania, R.; Noferini, F.; Pancaldi, G.; Pesci, A.; Pilastrini, R.; Pinazza, O.; Rizzi, M.; Scapparone, E.; Scioli, G.; Semeria, F.; Serra, S.; Silenzi, A.; Ugolini, E.; Williams, C.; Zagato, S.; Zampolli, C.; Zichichi, A.; Zucchini, A.; Zuffa, M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. [Alme, J.; Bablock, S.; Klovning, A.; Larsen, D. T.; Nystrand, J.; Ovrebekk, G.; Richter, M.; Roehrich, D.; Ullaland, K.; Yang, H.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. [Altinpinar, S.; Andronic, A.; Antonczyk, D.; Bailhache, R.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Ciobanu, M.; Dahlinger, M.; Daues, H.; Doenigus, B.; Foka, Y.; Frankenfeld, U.; Garabatos, J.; Gutbrod, H.; Hehner, J.; Ivanov, M.; Malzacher, P.; Marin, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Miskowiec, D.; Morhardt, Th.; Mueller, W.; Sann, H.; Schmidt, H.; Schwarz, K.; Sedykh, S.; Simon, R.; Soyk, D.; Stelzer, H.; Stockmeier, M.; Tsiledakis, G.; Vranic, D.; Wiechula, J.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, GSI, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. [Amend, W.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Blume, C.; Buesching, H.; Hartig, M.; Hinke, H.; Kliemant, M.; Kniege, S.; Kollegger, T.; Kramer, F.; Ploskon, M.; Renfordt, R.; Sommer, W.; Wiesenaecker, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Andrei, C.; Aprodu, V.; Bartos, D.; Berceanu, I.; Catanescu, V.; Dinca, C.; Duta, V.; Giolu, G.; Herghelegiu, A.; Ionescu, E.; Legrand, I.; Magureanu, C.; Moisa, D.; Petris, M.; Petrovici, M.; Pop, A.; Prodan, L.; Radu, A.; Schiaua, C.; Simion, V.; Stoicea, G.; Zaharia, P.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Anfreville, M.; Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Combet, M.; de Girolamo, P.; Decock, G.; Dumonteil, E.; Gosset, J.; Hardy, P.; Herlant, S.; Marcel, A.; Meunier, O.; Orsini, F.; Penichot, Y.; Pereira, H.; Prono, G.; Staley, F.; Usseglio, M.] CEA, DAPNIA, Ctr Etudes Nucl, Saclay, France. [Anson, C.; Cherney, M.; Fujita, J.; Gorbunov, Y.; Kadija, K.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. [Antinori, F.; Benato, A.; Bombonati, C.; Calaon, F.; Caldogno, M.; Dima, R.; Garizzo, L.; Lunardon, M.; Manea, C.; Maniero, D.; Marchini, S.; Martini, S.; Mazzaro, M. D.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Pepato, A.; Romanato, M.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Turcato, M.; Turrisi, R.; Veronese, F.; Viesti, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Arba, M.; Becker, B.; Cicalo, C.; De Falco, A.; Floris, M.; Marras, D.; Masoni, A.; Mura, D.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Siddi, E.; Tuveri, M.; Usai, G. L.; Woehri, H.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cagliari, Italy. [Argentieri, A.; Corsi, F.; Fratino, U.; Marzocca, C.; Sgura, I.; Tauro, A.] Politecn & Sez INFN, Bari, Italy. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolevatov, R.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Valiev, F.; Vechernin, V.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Awes, T. C.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Aeysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Valdes, R. Diaz; Kim, D.; Lyapin, V.; Malkiewicz, T.; Oinonen, M.; Rak, J.; Ruuskanen, V.; Seppaenen, H.; Trzaska, W.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Helsinki, Finland. [Badala, A.; Barbera, R.; Blanco, F.; Fichera, F.; La Rocca, P.; Librizzi, F.; Noto, F.; Palmeri, A.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Pulvirenti, A.; Riggi, F.; Vernet, R.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania, Italy. [Badyal, S. K.; Bala, R.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, V.; Mahajan, A.; Majahan, S.; Mangotra, L. K.; Sambyal, S.; Sharma, S.] Univ Jammu, Dept Phys, Jammu 180004, India. [Baldit, A.; Barret, V.; Bastid, N.; Blanchard, G.; Castor, J.; Crochet, P.; Devaux, A.; Dupieux, P.; Force, P.; Grigoryan, S.; Guerin, F.; Guernane, R.; Guichard, A.; Insa, C.; Jouve, F.; Lecoq, J.; Manso, F.; Rosnet, P.; Royer, L.; Saturnini, P.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Ban, J.; Kralik, I.; Kravcakova, A.; Pastircak, B.; Sandor, L.; Urban, J.; Vriakova, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Ban, J.; Kralik, I.; Kravcakova, A.; Pastircak, B.; Sandor, L.; Urban, J.; Vriakova, J.] Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice, Slovakia. [Barbera, R.; Blanco, F.; La Rocca, P.; Noto, F.; Pulvirenti, A.; Riggi, F.; Vernet, R.] Univ Catania, Dipartmento Fis, Catania, Italy. [Barnaefoldi, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Denes, E.; Fodor, Z.; Hamar, G.; Kiss, T.; Levai, P.; Molnar, L.; Palla, G.; Rubin, G.; Tolyhy, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Bartke, J.; Kornas, E.; Kowalski, M.; Rybicki, A.] Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Dept High Energy Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Baumann, C.; Bucher, D.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Gottschlag, H.; Heine, N.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Verhoeven, W.; Wessels, J.; Wilk, A.; Zaudtke, O.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Bearden, I.; Bertelsen, H.; Boggild, H.; Christensen, C.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Dyhre, Th.; Gaardhoje, J. -J.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Hansen, J. C.; Lindegaard, N.; Nielsen, B. S.; Olsen, E. K.; Rasmussen, O. B.; Renault, G.; Soegaard, C.; Soerensen, J.; Westergaard, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T.; Pavlinov, A.; Petrov, V.; Pruneau, C. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Belogianni, A.; Christakoglou, P.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Ganoti, P.; Petridis, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Tagridis, C.; Tsilis, E.; Vassiliou, M.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. [Beoe, S.; Bruna, E.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Ferretti, A.; Gallio, M.; Gagliard, M.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Poggio, F.; Senyukov, S.; Stocco, D.; Vercellin, E.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. [Berdnikov, Y.; Ivanov, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kryshen, E.; Miftakhov, N.; Nikulin, V.; Rostchin, V.; Samsonov, V.; Zalite, A.; Zhalov, M.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Bernard, C.; Bourrion, O.; Furget, C.; Kox, S.; Muraz, J. F.; Real, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Polytech Inst,LPSC, Grenoble, France. [Bhasin, A.; Bombara, M.; Daniel, L.; Evans, D.; Jones, G. T.; Kinson, J. B.; Kour, R.; Krivda, M.; Lazzeroni, C.; Lietava, R.; Matthews, Z. L.; Navin, S.; Platt, R.; Snow, H.; Takaki, D. Tapia; Baillie, O. Villalobos] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bianchi, N.; Capitani, G. P.; Diaz, A. Casanova; Balbastre, G. Conesa; De Pasquale, S.; Del Franco, M.; Di Nezza, P.; Fantoni, A.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hasch, D.; Muccifora, V.; Reolon, A. R.; Ronchetti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Lamont, M.; Putschke, J.; Salur, S.; Smirnov, N.; Witt, R.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Bimbot, L.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Comets, M.; Drouet, S.; Espagnon, B.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Le Gailliard, C.; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Willis, N.; Ky, B. Yun] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Blanco, F.; Cardenas-Montes, M.; Casado, J.; Hurtado, A.; de Guevara, P. Ladron; Griffo, J. Perez] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Blanco, F.; Cardenas-Montes, M.; Casado, J.; Hurtado, A.; de Guevara, P. Ladron; Griffo, J. Perez] CIEMAT, Havana, Cuba. [Blyth, S.; Horner, M.; Jacobs, P.; Odyniec, G.; Rasson, J.; Symons, J.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bogdanov, A.; Grigoriev, V.; Kaplin, V.; Loginov, V.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Onuchin, V.; Petrov, V.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Victorov, V.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Bonvicini, V.; Borysov, O.; Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Venaruzzo, M.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. [Bonvicini, V.; Borysov, O.; Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Fragiacomo, E.; Grion, N.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Piano, S.; Piemonte, C.; Rachevskaya, I.; Rachevski, A.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.; Zampa, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Borshchov, V.; Chykalov, O. A.; Kiprich, S. K.; Listratenko, O. M.; Protsenko, M. A.] Sci Res Technol Inst Instrument Engn, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bose, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, I.; Majumdar, A. Dutta; Pal, S.; Roy, P.; Sinha, T.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Botje, M.; Bushop, J.; Jasper, M.; Kluit, R.; Kraus, I.; Kuijer, P.; Schippers, J. D.; Snellings, R.; Timmer, P.; Van Der Kolk, N.] Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruno, G. E.; Dell'Olio, C.; Dell'Olio, D.; D'Erasmo, G.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Fiore, E. M.; Ghidini, B.; Mastroserio, A.; Minafra, F.; Navach, F.; Pastore, C.; Perrino, D.; Posa, F.; Romita, R.; Santoro, R.] Dipartimento Interateneo Fis M Merlin, Bari, Italy. [Bruno, G. E.; Cariola, P.; Caselle, M.; de Cataldo, G.; Dell'Olio, C.; Dell'Olio, D.; D'Erasmo, G.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Ducroux, L.; Elia, D.; Fini, R.; Fiore, E. M.; Franco, A.; Franco, M.; Torreira, A. Gallas; Ghidini, B.; Lenti, V.; Manzari, V.; Mastroserio, A.; Minafra, F.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Nicassio, M.; Nitti, M.; Pantaleo, A.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Perrino, D.; Posa, F.; Rizzi, V.; Romita, R.; Santoro, R.; Shileev, K.; Vasta, P.; Volpe, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Cai, X.; Ding, H.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, Y.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Zhou, D.] Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Cao, X.; Li, Q.; Liu, Y.; Su, G.; Tan, L.; Zhu, G.] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Cerny, V.; Fekete, V.; Janik, R.; Pikna, M.; Siska, M.; Sitar, B.; Strmen, P.; Szarka, I.; Tromeur, W.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Chartoire, M.; Cheynis, B.; Combaret, C.; Grossiord, J. -Y.; Ianigro, J. C.; Nendaz, F.; Tieulent, R.; Vanzetto, S.; Zoccarato, Y.] Univ Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNL, Lyon, France. [Choi, J.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Kangnung, South Korea. [Cleymans, J.; de Vaux, D.; Fearick, R.; Szostak, A.; Vilakazi, Z.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Contreras, J.; Gag, A.; Corral, G. Herrera; Zetina, L. Montano; Perez, C.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Contreras, J.; Gag, A.; Corral, G. Herrera; Zetina, L. Montano; Perez, C.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Merida, Venezuela. [Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Gemme, R.; Ramello, L.; Sitta, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Avanzate, Alessandria, Italy. [Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Gemme, R.; Ramello, L.; Sitta, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato, Alessandria, Italy. [Cuautle, E.; Diaz, L.; Dominguez, I.; Nellen, L.; Ortiz-Velazquez, A.; Paic, G.; Podesta, P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Dainese, A.; Ricci, R. A.; Vannucci, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Dash, A.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D.; Sahoo, R.; Viyogi, Y.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751007, Orissa, India. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Di Bartolomeo, Antonio; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Guida, A.; Pagano, P.; Patimo, G.; Quartieri, J.; Russo, G.; Sellitto, S.; Silvestri, R.; Virgili, T.] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Di Bartolomeo, Antonio; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Guida, A.; Pagano, P.; Patimo, G.; Quartieri, J.; Russo, G.; Sellitto, S.; Silvestri, R.; Virgili, T.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Salerno, Italy. [De Falco, A.; Floris, M.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Usai, G. L.] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, Cagliari, Italy. [De Haas, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Oskamp, C.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; Van Den Brink, A.; Van Eijndhoven, N.; Yuting, B.] Univ Utrecht, Subatom Phys Dept, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Karpio, K.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Tykarski, L.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Di Liberto, S.; Mazzoni, A.; Meddi, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Dima, R.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Viesti, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Enokizono, A.; Klay, J.; Soltz, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Felea, D.; Tellez, A. Fernandez; Haiduc, M.; Hasegan, D.; Mitu, C.; Sevcenco, A.; Stan, I.; Zgura, I.] ISS, Bucharest, Romania. [Lopez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez, M. I.; Munoz, J.; Cahuantzi, M. Rodriguez; Roman-Lopez, S.; Munoz, G. Tejeda; Vargas, M. A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Gos, H.; Kikola, D.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Skowronski, P.; Slodkowski, M.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Gotovac, S.; Mudnic, E.; Vidak, L.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia. [Grigoryan, A.; Gulkanyan, H.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Kakoyan, V.; Poghosyan, T.; Sargsyan, G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Grynyov, B.; Zinovjev, G.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Guber, F.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Maevskaya, A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Razin, V.; Topilskaya, N.] Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Gunji, T.; Hamagaki, H.; Inuzuka, M.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Hamblen, J.; Keidel, R.; Read, K.; Sorensen, S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Helstrup, H.; Hetland, K.; Kileng, B.; Roed, K.] Bergen Univ Coll, Fac Engn, Bergen, Norway. [Horaguchi, T.; Shigaki, K.; Sugitate, T.; Torii, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. [Hu, S.; Li, X.; Lu, S.; Wen, Q.; Zhou, S.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Humanic, T.; Kotov, I.; Lisa, M.; Nilsen, B.; Pinsky, L.; Truesdale, D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, NSF, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hwang, D. S.; Kim, S.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Johnson, D. P.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Kang, E.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J. S.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.] Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Schackert, B.] Fachhsch Worms Zentrum Technol Transfer, Worms, Germany. [Schackert, B.] Telekommunikat ZTT, Worms, Germany. [Krawutschke, T.] Fachhsch Koln, Cologne, Germany. [Monzon, I. Leon] Univ Autonoma Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico. [Mairani, A.; Mayer, B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Mares, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Maslov, N. I.] Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Ctr Nat Sci, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Meddi, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Miake, Y.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. 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EM Hans-Ake.Gustafsson@hep.lu.se RI Vinogradov, Leonid/K-3047-2013; Rui, Rinaldo/L-1926-2015; Nielsen, Borge S/C-3719-2015; braun, mikhail/I-6826-2013; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; Stoicea, Gabriel/B-6717-2011; Mitu, Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Fratino, Umberto/F-3149-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/I-8010-2012; Gabrielli, Alessandro/H-4931-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Zarochentsev, Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Guarnaccia, Claudio/N-3000-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013; Blau, Dmitry/H-4523-2012; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; Ionescu, Emanuel/J-1622-2012; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Tadel, Matevz/H-3204-2016; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Idzik, Marek/A-2487-2017; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Snoeys, Walter/K-8259-2015; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; OI Masera, Massimo/0000-0003-1880-5467; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698; DI BARTOLOMEO, Antonio/0000-0002-3629-726X; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748; Cardenas-Montes, Miguel/0000-0003-4445-8868; Noto, Francesco/0000-0003-2926-7342; Marzocca, Cristoforo/0000-0002-2804-2275; Protsenko, Maksym/0000-0001-9313-1701; FRATINO, Umberto/0000-0001-8251-5478; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi, Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; Di Bari, Domenico/0000-0002-5559-8906; CORSI, Francesco/0000-0003-2425-2272; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962; Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole', Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038; Gray, Heather/0000-0002-5293-4716; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377; Gago Medina, Alberto Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600; , valiev/0000-0001-5130-5603; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Rui, Rinaldo/0000-0002-6993-0332; Virgili, Tiziano/0000-0003-0471-7052; Nielsen, Borge S/0000-0002-0091-1934; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; braun, mikhail/0000-0001-7398-7801; Larsen, Dag Toppe/0000-0002-9898-2174; Scomparin, Enrico/0000-0001-9015-9610; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Stoicea, Gabriel/0000-0002-7511-4614; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Sevcenco, Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Gabrielli, Alessandro/0000-0001-5346-7841; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Guarnaccia, Claudio/0000-0002-4014-0679; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; Ionescu, Emanuel/0000-0002-3266-3031; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Snoeys, Walter/0000-0003-3541-9066; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Floris, Michele/0000-0003-0635-788X NR 279 TC 578 Z9 580 U1 21 U2 202 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR S08002 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08002 PG 258 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900009 ER PT J AU Abate, E Abdesselam, A Addy, TN Akesson, TPA Allport, PP Andricek, L Anghinolfi, F Apsimon, R Arik, E Arik, M Austin, N Baker, OK Banas, E Bangert, A Barbier, G Baron, S Barr, AJ Basiladze, S Batchelor, LE Bates, RL Batley, JR Battistin, M Beck, GA Beddall, A Beddall, AJ Bell, PJ Bell, WH Belymam, A Benjamin, DP Bernabeu, J Bertelsen, H Bethke, S Bingul, A Bitadze, A Bizzell, JP Blocki, J Bocci, A Bochenek, M Bohm, J Bondarenko, VG Bonneau, P Booth, CN Brandt, O Brochu, FM Broklova, Z Broz, J de Renstroman, PAB Burdin, S Buttar, CM Garrido, MC Sas, LC Carpentieri, C Carter, AA Carter, JR Catinaccio, A Cetin, SA Ilatas, MC Charlton, DG Cheplakov, A Chouridou, S Chu, ML Cindro, V Ciocio, A Civera, JV Clark, A Colijn, AP Cornelissen, T Costa, MJ Costanzo, D Cox, J Cwetanski, P Dabrowski, W Dalmau, J Dam, M Danielsen, KM Danielsson, H D'Auria, S Dawson, I de Jong, P Dehchar, MD Demirkoz, B Dervan, P Di Girolamo, B Cornell, SD Dittus, F Dixon, SD Dobson, E Dogan, OB Dolezal, Z Dolgoshein, BA Donega, M D'Onofrio, M Donszelmann, T Dorholt, O Dowell, JD Drasal, Z Dressnandt, N Driouchi, C Duxfield, R Dwuznik, M Ebenstein, WL Eckert, S Eerola, P Egede, U Egorov, K Eklund, LM Elsing, M Ely, R Eremin, V Escobar, C Evans, H Farthouat, P Fasching, D Fedin, OL Feld, L Ferguson, D Ferrari, P Ferrere, D Fiorini, L Fopma, J Fowler, AJ Fox, H French, RS Froidevaux, D Frost, JA Fuster, J Gadomski, S Gagnon, P Gallop, BJ Gannaway, FC Garcia, C Navarro, JEG Gavrilenko, IL Gay, C Ghodbane, N Gibson, MD Gibson, SM Gnanvo, KG Godlewski, J Gottfert, T Gonzalez, S Gonzalez-Sevilla, S Goodrick, MJ Gorisek, A Gornicki, E Goulette, M Grishkevich, Y Grognuz, J Grosse-Knetter, J Haber, C Hartel, R Hajduk, Z Hance, M Hansen, FH Hansen, JB Hansen, JD Hansen, PH Hara, K Harvey, A Hauschild, M Hauviller, C Hawes, BM Hawkings, RJ Hayward, HS Haywood, SJ Heinemann, FEW Hessey, NP Hill, JC Hodgkinson, MC Hodgson, P Hollins, TI Holmes, A Holt, R Hou, S Howell, DF Hulsbergen, W Huse, T Ikegami, Y Ilyushenka, Y Issever, C Jackson, JN Jain, V Jakobs, K Jared, RC Jarlskog, G Jarron, P Johansen, LG Johansson, P Jones, M Jones, TJ Joos, D Joseph, J Jovanovic, P Kantserov, VA Kaplon, J Unel, MK Kayumov, F Keener, PT Kekelidze, GD Kerschen, N Ketterer, C Kim, SH Kisielewska, D Kisielewski, B Kittelmann, T Klinkby, EB Kluit, P Kluth, S Ko, BR Kodys, P Koffas, T Koffeman, E Kohriki, T Kondo, T Kondratieva, NV Konovalov, SP Koperny, S Korsmo, H Kovalenko, S Kowalski, TZ Kruger, K Kramarenko, V Kramberger, G Kruse, M Kubik, P Kudin, LG Kundu, N Lacasta, C Lacuesta, VR Lau, W Le Bihan, AC Lee, SC Lefevre, RP LeGeyt, BC Leney, KJC Lester, CG Liang, Z Lichard, P Liebig, W Limper, M Lindahl, A Lindsay, SW Lipniacka, A Llacer, GL Lloyd, S Loginov, A Loh, CW Fantoba, ML Lucas, S Lucotte, A Ludwig, I Ludwig, J Luehring, 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Richter, RH Robichaud-Veronneau, A Robinson, D Roe, S Rohne, O Romaniouk, A Rossi, LP Rousseau, D Ruggiero, G Runge, K Ryabov, YF Salzburger, A Sanchez, J Sandaker, H Santander, J Schegelsky, VA Scheirich, D Schieck, J Schmidt, MP Schmitt, C Sedykh, E Seliverstov, DM Sfyrla, A Shin, T Shmeleva, A Sivoklokov, S Smirnov, SY Smirnova, L Smirnova, O Soderberg, M Solberg, AO Sosnovtsev, VV Suay, LS Spieler, H Sprachmann, G Stanecka, E Stapnes, S Stastny, J Stodulski, M Stradling, A Stugu, B Subramania, S Suchkov, SI Sulin, VV Szczygiel, RR Takashima, R Tanaka, R Tartarelli, G Teng, PK Terada, S Tikhomirov, VO Tipton, P Titov, M Toms, K Tonoyan, A Tovey, DR Tricoli, A Turala, M Tyndel, M Ukegawa, F Comes, MU Unno, Y Vacek, V Valkar, S Ferrer, JAV van der Kraaij, E VanBerg, R Vassilakopoulos, VI Vassilieva, L Vickey, T Viehhauser, GHA Villani, EG Vossebeld, JH Anh, TV Wall, R Wallny, RS Wang, C Ward, CP Wastie, R Webel, M Weber, M Weidberg, AR Weilhammer, PM Weiser, C Wells, PS Werneke, P White, MJ Whittington, D Wildauer, A Wilhelm, I Williams, HH Wilson, JA Wolter, MW Wu, SL Zhelezko, A Zhu, HZ Zsenei, A AF Abate, E. Abdesselam, A. Addy, T. N. Akesson, T. P. A. Allport, P. P. Andricek, L. Anghinolfi, F. Apsimon, R. Arik, E. Arik, M. Austin, N. Baker, O. K. Banas, E. Bangert, A. Barbier, G. Baron, S. Barr, A. J. Basiladze, S. Batchelor, L. E. Bates, R. L. Batley, J. R. Battistin, M. Beck, G. A. Beddall, A. Beddall, A. J. Bell, P. J. Bell, W. H. Belymam, A. Benjamin, D. P. Bernabeu, J. Bertelsen, H. Bethke, S. Bingul, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzell, J. P. Blocki, J. Bocci, A. Bochenek, M. Bohm, J. Bondarenko, V. G. Bonneau, P. Booth, C. N. Brandt, O. Brochu, F. M. Broklova, Z. Broz, J. de Renstroman, P. A. Bruckman Burdin, S. Buttar, C. M. Garrido, M. Capeans Sas, L. Cardiel Carpentieri, C. Carter, A. A. Carter, J. R. Catinaccio, A. Cetin, S. A. Ilatas, M. Chamizo Charlton, D. G. Cheplakov, A. Chouridou, S. Chu, M. L. Cindro, V. Ciocio, A. Civera, J. V. Clark, A. Colijn, A. P. Cornelissen, T. Costa, M. J. Costanzo, D. Cox, J. Cwetanski, P. Dabrowski, W. Dalmau, J. Dam, M. Danielsen, K. M. Danielsson, H. D'Auria, S. Dawson, I. de Jong, P. Dehchar, M. D. Demirkoz, B. Dervan, P. Di Girolamo, B. Cornell, S. Diez Dittus, F. Dixon, S. D. Dobson, E. Dogan, O. B. Dolezal, Z. Dolgoshein, B. A. Donega, M. D'Onofrio, M. Donszelmann, T. Dorholt, O. Dowell, J. D. Drasal, Z. Dressnandt, N. Driouchi, C. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Ebenstein, W. L. Eckert, S. Eerola, P. Egede, U. Egorov, K. Eklund, L. M. Elsing, M. Ely, R. Eremin, V. Escobar, C. Evans, H. Farthouat, P. Fasching, D. Fedin, O. L. Feld, L. Ferguson, D. Ferrari, P. Ferrere, D. Fiorini, L. Fopma, J. Fowler, A. J. Fox, H. French, R. S. Froidevaux, D. Frost, J. A. Fuster, J. Gadomski, S. Gagnon, P. Gallop, B. J. Gannaway, F. C. Garcia, C. Navarro, J. E. Garcia Gavrilenko, I. L. Gay, C. Ghodbane, N. Gibson, M. D. Gibson, S. M. Gnanvo, K. G. Godlewski, J. Goettfert, T. Gonzalez, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodrick, M. J. Gorisek, A. Gornicki, E. Goulette, M. Grishkevich, Y. Grognuz, J. Grosse-Knetter, J. Haber, C. Haertel, R. Hajduk, Z. Hance, M. 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Lau, W. Le Bihan, A-C. Lee, S. -C. Lefevre, R. P. LeGeyt, B. C. Leney, K. J. C. Lester, C. G. Liang, Z. Lichard, P. Liebig, W. Limper, M. Lindahl, A. Lindsay, S. W. Lipniacka, A. Llacer, G. Llosa Lloyd, S. Loginov, A. Loh, C. W. Fantoba, M. Lozano Lucas, S. Lucotte, A. Ludwig, I. Ludwig, J. Luehring, F. Luisa, L. Lynn, J. Maassen, M. Macina, D. Mackeprang, R. Macpherson, A. Magrath, C. A. Majewski, P. Malecki, P. Maleev, V. P. Mandic, I. Mandl, M. Mangin-Brinet, M. Marti i Garcia, S. Martin, A. J. Martin, F. F. Maruyama, T. Mashinistov, R. Mayne, A. McFarlane, K. W. McMahon, S. J. McMahon, T. J. Meinhardt, J. Garcia, B. R. Mellado Menot, C. Messmer, I. Mikulec, B. Mikuz, M. Mima, S. Minano, M. Mindur, B. Mitsou, V. A. Modesto, P. Moed, S. Mohn, B. Valls, R. M. Moles Morin, J. Morone, M-C. Morozov, S. V. Morris, J. Moser, H. G. Moszczynski, A. Mouraviev, S. V. Munar, A. Murray, W. J. Nagai, K. Nagai, Y. Naito, D. Nakamura, K. Nakano, I. Nesterov, S. Y. Newcomer, F. M. Nicholson, R. Nickerson, R. B. Niinikoski, T. Nikitin, N. Nisius, R. Ogren, H. Ohi, S. H. Olcese, M. Olszowska, J. Orphanidesa, M. O'Shea, V. Ostrowicz, W. Ottewell, B. Oye, O. Paganis, E. Palmer, M. J. Parker, M. A. Parzefall, U. Passmore, M. S. Pataraia, S. Pellegrini, G. Pernegger, H. Perrin, E. Peshekhonov, V. D. Petersen, T. C. Petti, R. Phillips, A. W. Phillips, P. W. Placci, A. Poltorak, K. Poppleton, A. Price, M. J. Prokofiev, K. Rohne, O. Rembser, C. Reznicek, P. Richter, R. H. Robichaud-Veronneau, A. Robinson, D. Roe, S. Rohne, O. Romaniouk, A. Rossi, L. P. Rousseau, D. Ruggiero, G. Runge, K. Ryabov, Y. F. Salzburger, A. Sanchez, J. Sandaker, H. Santander, J. Schegelsky, V. A. Scheirich, D. Schieck, J. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, C. Sedykh, E. Seliverstov, D. M. Sfyrla, A. Shin, T. Shmeleva, A. Sivoklokov, S. Smirnov, S. Yu. Smirnova, L. Smirnova, O. Soederberg, M. Solberg, A. O. Sosnovtsev, V. V. Suay, L. Sospedra Spieler, H. Sprachmann, G. Stanecka, E. Stapnes, S. Stastny, J. Stodulski, M. Stradling, A. Stugu, B. Subramania, S. Suchkov, S. I. Sulin, V. V. Szczygiel, R. R. Takashima, R. Tanaka, R. Tartarelli, G. Teng, P. K. Terada, S. Tikhomirov, V. O. Tipton, P. Titov, M. Toms, K. Tonoyan, A. Tovey, D. R. Tricoli, A. Turala, M. Tyndel, M. Ukegawa, F. Comes, M. Ullan Unno, Y. Vacek, V. Valkar, S. Ferrer, J. A. Valls van der Kraaij, E. VanBerg, R. Vassilakopoulos, V. I. Vassilieva, L. Vickey, T. Viehhauser, G. H. A. Villani, E. G. Vossebeld, J. H. Anh, T. Vu Wall, R. Wallny, R. S. Wang, C. Ward, C. P. Wastie, R. Webel, M. Weber, M. Weidberg, A. R. Weilhammer, P. M. Weiser, C. Wells, P. S. Werneke, P. White, M. J. Whittington, D. Wildauer, A. Wilhelm, I. Williams, H. H. Wilson, J. A. Wolter, M. W. Wu, S. L. Zhelezko, A. Zhu, H. Z. Zsenei, A. TI Combined performance tests before installation of the ATLAS Semiconductor and Transition Radiation Tracking Detectors SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Particle tracking detectors; Solid state detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ID MODULES; SYSTEM AB The ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) Inner Detector provides charged particle tracking in the centre of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Inner Detector consists of three subdetectors: the Pixel Detector, the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT), and the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). This paper summarizes the tests that were carried out at the final stage of SCT+TRT integration prior to their installation in ATLAS. The combined operation and performance of the SCT and TRT barrel and endcap detectors was investigated through a series of noise tests, and by recording the tracks of cosmic rays. This was a crucial test of hardware and software of the combined tracker detector systems. The results of noise and cross-talk tests on the SCT and TRT in their final assembled configuration, using final readout and supply hardware and software, are reported. The reconstruction and analysis of the recorded cosmic tracks allowed testing of the offline analysis chain and verification of basic tracker performance parameters, such as efficiency and spatial resolution, in combined operation before installation. C1 [Anghinolfi, F.; Baron, S.; Battistin, M.; Bitadze, A.; Bonneau, P.; Garrido, M. Capeans; Sas, L. Cardiel; Catinaccio, A.; Cornelissen, T.; Danielsson, H.; Demirkoz, B.; Di Girolamo, B.; Dittus, F.; Donega, M.; Eklund, L. M.; Elsing, M.; Farthouat, P.; Ferrari, P.; Froidevaux, D.; Godlewski, J.; Goulette, M.; Grognuz, J.; Hauschild, M.; Hauviller, C.; Hawkings, R. 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W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Fasching, D.; Ferguson, D.; Gonzalez, S.; Jared, R. C.; Joseph, J.; Garcia, B. R. Mellado; Stradling, A.; Vickey, T.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baker, O. K.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A. J.; Schmidt, M. P.; Tipton, P.; Wall, R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [de Renstroman, P. A. Bruckman] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. RP Pernegger, H (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; vasilyeva, lidia/M-9569-2015; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Mashinistov, Ruslan/M-8356-2015; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Szczygiel, Robert/B-5662-2011; Eklund, Lars/C-7709-2012; Smirnova, Lidia/D-8089-2012; Smirnov, Sergei/F-1014-2011; Kramarenko, Victor/E-1781-2012; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011; Dawson, Ian/K-6090-2013; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Majewski, Peter/E-2048-2011; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Morozov, Sergey/C-1396-2014; Stastny, jan/H-2973-2014; Demirkoz, Bilge/C-8179-2014; CARPENTIERI, CARMELA/E-2137-2015; Bernabeu, Jose/H-6708-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; kayumov, fred/M-6274-2015; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Santander, Joaquin/N-5841-2014; SULIN, VLADIMIR/N-2793-2015 OI Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Mashinistov, Ruslan/0000-0001-7925-4676; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X; Evans, Harold/0000-0003-2183-3127; Prokofiev, Kirill/0000-0002-2177-6401; Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252; Smirnov, Sergei/0000-0002-6778-073X; Pellegrini, Giulio/0000-0002-1606-3546; Majewski, Peter/0000-0002-6652-4742; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; Morozov, Sergey/0000-0002-6748-7277; CARPENTIERI, CARMELA/0000-0002-2994-0317; Bernabeu, Jose/0000-0002-0296-9988; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Santander, Joaquin/0000-0001-5864-4552; SULIN, VLADIMIR/0000-0003-3943-2495 FU Spanish National Programme for Particle Physics; Research Council of Norway; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Polish Ministry of Education and Science; German Ministry of Science; Swiss National Science Foundation; State Secretariat for Education and Research and the Canton of Geneva; Slovenian Research Agency; Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Civil Research and Development Foundation; United States Department of Energy; United States National Science Foundation; Australian Research Council (ARC); Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST); Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic; National Science Council, Taiwan; Swedish Research Council; European Union (DGXII); International Science Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; International Science and Technology Centre; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Academy of Science of the Russian Federation; Independent States of the former Soviet Union; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority FX We are greatly indebted to all the technical staff who worked on the integration and testing of the Inner Detector from the ATLAS SCT and TRT Institutes. We acknowledge the support of the funding authorities of the collaborating institutes including the Spanish National Programme for Particle Physics; the Research Council of Norway; the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; the Polish Ministry of Education and Science; the German Ministry of Science; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the State Secretariat for Education and Research and the Canton of Geneva; the Slovenian Research Agency and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the Civil Research and Development Foundation and the Office of High Energy Physics of the United States Department of Energy; the United States National Science Foundation; the Australian Research Council (ARC) and Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST); the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic; the National Science Council, Taiwan; the Swedish Research Council; the European Union (DGXII), the International Science Foundation; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; the International Science and Technology Centre; the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; the Academy of Science of the Russian Federation; the International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists from the new Independent States of the former Soviet Union; the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR P08003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/P08003 PG 67 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900003 ER PT J AU Adriani, O Bonechi, L Bongi, M Gastellini, G D'Alessandro, R Faus, DA Fukui, K Grandi, M Haguenauer, M Itow, Y Kasahara, K Macina, D Mase, T Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Menjo, H Mizuishi, M Muraki, Y Papini, P Perrot, AL Ricciarini, S Sako, T Shimizu, Y Taki, K Tamura, T Torii, S Tricomi, A Turner, WC Velasco, J Viciani, A Watanabee, H Yoshida, K AF Adriani, O. Bonechi, L. Bongi, M. Gastellini, G. D'Alessandro, R. Faus, D. A. Fukui, K. Grandi, M. Haguenauer, M. Itow, Y. Kasahara, K. Macina, D. Mase, T. Masuda, K. Matsubara, Y. Menjo, H. Mizuishi, M. Muraki, Y. Papini, P. Perrot, A. L. Ricciarini, S. Sako, T. Shimizu, Y. Taki, K. Tamura, T. Torii, S. Tricomi, A. Turner, W. C. Velasco, J. Viciani, A. Watanabee, H. Yoshida, K. TI The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Gamma detectors; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Gamma detectors; Particle detectors; Radiation damage to detector materials; Data acquisition concepts; Detector control systems; Front-end electronics for detector readout; Trigger concepts and systems; Analysis and statistical methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Simulation methods and programs; Scintillators and scintillating fibers and light guides; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Overall mechanics design AB LHCf is an experiment dedicated to the measurement of neutral particles emitted in the very forward region of LHC collisions. The physics goal is to provide data for calibrating the hadron interaction models that are used in the study of Extremely High-Energy Cosmic-Rays. This is possible since the laboratory equivalent collision energy of LHC is 10(17) eV. Two LHCf detectors, consisting of imaging calorimeters made of tungsten plates, plastic scintillator and position sensitive sensors, are installed at zero degree collision angle +/- 140m from an interaction point (IP). Although the lateral dimensions of these calorimeters are very compact, ranging from 20 mm x 20 mm to 40 mm x 40 mm, the energy resolution is expected to be better than 6% and the position resolution better than 0.2 mm for gamma-rays with energy from 100 GeV to 7 TeV. This has been confirmed by test beam results at the CERN SPS. These calorimeters can measure particles emitted in the pseudo rapidity range eta > 8.4. Detectors, data acquisition and electronics are optimized to operate during the early phase of the LHC commissioning with luminosity below 10(30) cm(-2)S(-1). LHCf is expected to obtain data to compare with the major hadron interaction models within a week or so of operation at luminosity similar to 10(29) cm(-2)s(-1). After similar to 10 days of operation at luminosity similar to 1029 cm(-2)s(-1), the light output of the plastic scintillators is expected to degrade by similar to 10% due to radiation damage. This degradation will be monitored and corrected for using calibration pulses from a laser. C1 [Macina, D.; Perrot, A. L.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Adriani, O.; Bonechi, L.; D'Alessandro, R.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Adriani, O.; Bonechi, L.; Bongi, M.; Gastellini, G.; D'Alessandro, R.; Grandi, M.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S.; Viciani, A.] INFN Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy. [Gastellini, G.] IFAC CNR, Florence, Italy. [Faus, D. A.; Velasco, J.] Ctr Mixto CSIC UVEG, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. [Fukui, K.; Itow, Y.; Mase, T.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Menjo, H.; Sako, T.; Taki, K.; Watanabee, H.] Nagoya Univ, SolarTerr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Haguenauer, M.] Ecole Polytech, F-75230 Paris, France. [Kasahara, K.; Mizuishi, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Torii, S.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Muraki, Y.] Konan Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Tamura, T.] Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Turner, W. C.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yoshida, K.] Shibaura Inst Technol, Saitama, Japan. RP Macina, D (reprint author), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. EM itow@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Daniela.Macina@cern.ch RI Masuda, Kimiaki/M-4932-2014; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Bongi, Massimo/L-9417-2015; OI Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Bongi, Massimo/0000-0002-6050-1937; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Ricciarini, Sergio Bruno/0000-0001-6176-3368; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR S08006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08006 PG 39 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900013 ER PT J AU Chatrchyan, S Hmayakyan, G Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Adam, W Bauer, T Bergauer, T Bergauer, H Dragicevic, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Glaser, P Hartl, C Hoermann, N Hrubec, J Hansel, S Jeitler, M Kastner, K Krammer, M de Abril, IM Markytan, M Mikulec, I Neuherz, B Noebauer, T Oberegger, M Padrta, M Pernicka, M Porth, P Rohringer, H Schmid, S Schreiner, T Stark, R Steininger, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Uhl, D Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Petrov, V Prosolovich, V Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A Makarenko, V Marfin, I Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Solin, A Stefanovitch, R Gonzalez, JS Tikhonov, A Fedorov, A Korzhik, M Missevitch, O Zuyeuski, R Beaumont, W Cardaci, M De Langhe, E De Wolf, EA Delmeire, E Ochesanu, S Tasevsky, M Van Mechelen, P D'Hondt, J De Weirdt, S Devroede, O Goorens, R Hannaert, S Heyninck, J Maes, J Mozer, MU Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Lancker, L Van Mulders, P Villella, I Wastiels, C Yu, C Bouhali, O Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Harenne, P De Lentdecker, G Dewulf, JP Elgammal, S Gindroz, R Hammad, GH Mahmoud, T Neukermans, L Pins, M Pins, R Rugovac, S Stefanescu, J Sundararajan, V Velde, CV Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Tytgat, M Assouak, S Bonnet, JL Bruno, G Caudron, J De Callatay, B De Jeneret, JD De Visscher, S Demin, P Favart, D Felix, C Florins, B Forton, E Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Jonckman, M Kcira, D Keutgen, T Lemaitre, V Michotte, D Militaru, O Ovyn, S Pierzchala, T Piotrzkowski, K Roberfroid, V Rouby, X Schul, N Van der Aa, O Beliy, N Daubie, E Herquet, P Alves, G Pol, ME Souza, MHG Vaz, M Damiao, DD Oguri, V Santoro, A Sznajder, A Gregores, ED Iope, RL Novaes, SF Tomei, T Anguelov, T Antchev, G Atanasov, I Damgov, J Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Marinov, A Piperov, S Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Trayanov, R Vankov, I Cheshkov, C Dimitrov, A Dyulendarova, M Glushkov, I Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Makariev, M Marinova, E Markov, S Mateev, M Nasteva, I Pavlov, B Petev, P Petkov, P Spassov, V Toteva, Z Velev, V Verguilov, V Bian, JG Chen, GM Chen, HS Chen, M Jiang, CH Liu, B Shen, XY Sun, HS Tao, J Wang, J Yang, M Zhang, Z Zhao, WR Zhuang, HL Ban, Y Cai, J Ge, YC Liu, S Liu, HT Liu, L Qian, SJ Wang, Q Xue, ZH Yang, ZC Ye, YL Ying, J Li, PJ Liao, J Xue, ZL Yan, DS Yuan, H Montoya, CAC Sanabria, JC Godinovic, N Puljak, I Soric, I Antunovic, Z Dzelalija, M Marasovic, K Brigljevic, V Kadija, K Morovic, S Fereos, R Nicolaou, C Papadakis, A Ptochos, F Razis, PA Tsiakkouri, D Zinonos, Z Hektor, A Kadastik, M Kannike, K Lippmaa, E Muntel, M Raidal, M Rebane, L Aarnio, PA Anttila, E Banzuzi, K Bulteau, P Czellar, S Eiden, N Eklund, C Engstrom, P Heikkinen, A Honkanen, A Harkonen, J Karimaki, V Katajisto, HM Kinnunen, R Klem, J Kortesmaa, J Kotamaki, M Kuronen, A Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lefebure, V Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, PR Michal, S Brigido, FM Maenpaa, T Nyman, T Nysten, J Pietarinen, E Skog, K Tammi, K Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Ungaro, D Vanhala, TP Wendland, L Williams, C Iskanius, M Korpela, A Polese, G Tuuva, T Bassompierre, G Bazan, A David, PY Ditta, J Drobychev, G Fouque, N Guillaud, JP Hermel, V Karneyeu, A Le Flour, T Lieunard, S Maire, M Mendiburu, P Nedelec, P Peigneux, JP Schneegans, M Sillou, D Vialle, JP Anfreville, M Bard, JP Besson, P Bougamont, E Boyer, M Bredy, P Chipaux, R Dejardin, M Denegri, D Descamps, J Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ganjour, S Gentit, FX Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Jeanney, C Kircher, F Lemaire, MC Lemoigne, Y Levesy, B Locci, E Lottin, JP Mandjavidze, I Mur, M Pansart, JP Payn, A Rander, J Reymond, JM Rolquin, J Rondeaux, F Rosowsky, A Rousse, JYA Sun, ZH Tartas, J Van Lysebetten, A Venault, P Verrecchia, P Anduze, M Badier, J Baffioni, S Bercher, M Bernet, C Berthon, U Bourotte, J Busata, A Busson, P Cerutti, M Chamont, D 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Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Loveless, R. de Abril, M. Magrans Mohapatra, A. Ott, G. Smith, W. H. Weinberg, M. Wenman, D. Atoian, G. S. Dhawan, S. Issakov, V. Neal, H. Poblaguev, A. Zeller, M. E. Abdullaeva, G. Avezov, A. Fazylov, M. I. Gasanov, E. M. Khugaev, A. Koblik, Y. N. Nishonov, M. Olimov, K. Umaraliev, A. Yuldashev, B. S. Onengut, G. CA CMS Collaboration TI The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Review DE Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings; high energy; Gaseous detectors; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Gamma detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Spectrometers; Analogue electronic circuits; Control and monitor systems online; Data acquisition circuits; Data acquisition concepts; Detector control systems; Digital electronic circuits; Digital signal processing; Electronic detector readout concepts; Front-end electronics for detector readout; Modular electronics; Online farms and online filtering; Optical detector readout concepts; Trigger concepts and systems; VLSI circuits; Analysis and statistical methods; Computing; Data processing methods; Data reduction methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Software architectures; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Detector grounding; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design; Special cables; Voltage distributions ID RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; LEAD TUNGSTATE CRYSTALS; CATHODE STRIP CHAMBERS; ENDCAP ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PBWO4 SCINTILLATING CRYSTALS; MUON SOLENOID EXPERIMENT; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; PROTON-INDUCED DAMAGE; LEVEL GLOBAL TRIGGER; SILICON SENSORS AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t. C1 [Tenchini, R.] Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 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De Favereau; De Visscher, S.; Demin, P.; Favart, D.; Felix, C.; Florins, B.; Forton, E.; Giammanco, A.; Gregoire, G.; Jonckman, M.; Kcira, D.; Keutgen, T.; Lemaitre, V.; Michotte, D.; Militaru, O.; Ovyn, S.; Pierzchala, T.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Roberfroid, V.; Rouby, X.; Schul, N.; Van der Aa, O.] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Beliy, N.; Daubie, E.; Herquet, P.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Alves, G.; Pol, M. E.; Souza, M. H. G.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Vaz, M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Damiao, D. De Jesus; Oguri, V.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. De Moraes; Iope, R. L.; Novaes, S. F.; Tomei, T.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Anguelov, T.; Antchev, G.; Atanasov, I.; Damgov, J.; Darmenov, N.; Dimitrov, L.; Genchev, V.; Iaydjiev, P.; Marinov, A.; Piperov, S.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Trayanov, R.; Vankov, I.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Cheshkov, C.; Dimitrov, A.; Dyulendarova, M.; Glushkov, I.; Kozhuharov, V.; Litov, L.; Makariev, M.; Marinova, E.; Markov, S.; Mateev, M.; Nasteva, I.; Pavlov, B.; Petev, P.; Petkov, P.; Spassov, V.; Toteva, Z.; Velev, V.; Verguilov, V.] Univ Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Jiang, C. H.; Liu, B.; Shen, X. Y.; Sun, H. S.; Tao, J.; Wang, J.; Yang, M.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, W. R.; Zhuang, H. L.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Ban, Y.; Cai, J.; Ge, Y. C.; Liu, S.; Liu, H. T.; Liu, L.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, Q.; Xue, Z. H.; Yang, Z. C.; Ye, Y. L.; Ying, J.] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, P. J.; Liao, J.; Xue, Z. L.; Yan, D. S.; Yuan, H.] Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Sanabria, J. C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Godinovic, N.; Puljak, I.; Soric, I.] Tech Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Antunovic, Z.; Dzelalija, M.; Marasovic, K.] Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Brigljevic, V.; Kadija, K.; Morovic, S.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. [Fereos, R.; Nicolaou, C.; Papadakis, A.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Tsiakkouri, D.; Zinonos, Z.] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Hektor, A.; Kadastik, M.; Kannike, K.; Lippmaa, E.; Muentel, M.; Raidal, M.; Rebane, L.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia. [Aarnio, P. A.] Aalto Univ, Lab Adv Energy Syst, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. [Anttila, E.; Banzuzi, K.; Bulteau, P.; Czellar, S.; Eiden, N.; Eklund, C.; Engstrom, P.; Heikkinen, A.; Honkanen, A.; Harkonen, J.; Karimaki, V.; Katajisto, H. M.; Kinnunen, R.; Klem, J.; Kortesmaa, J.; Kotamaki, M.; Kuronen, A.; Lampen, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lefebure, V.; Lehti, S.; Linden, T.; Luukka, P. R.; Michal, S.; Brigido, F. Moura; Maenpaa, T.; Nyman, T.; Nysten, J.; Pietarinen, E.; Skog, K.; Tammi, K.; Tuominen, E.; Ungaro, D.; Vanhala, T. P.; Wendland, L.; Williams, C.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Iskanius, M.; Korpela, A.; Polese, G.; Tuuva, T.] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Bassompierre, G.; Bazan, A.; David, P. Y.; Ditta, J.; Drobychev, G.; Fouque, N.; Guillaud, J. P.; Hermel, V.; Karneyeu, A.; Le Flour, T.; Lieunard, S.; Maire, M.; Mendiburu, P.; Nedelec, P.; Peigneux, J. P.; Schneegans, M.; Sillou, D.; Vialle, J. P.] CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Anfreville, M.; Bard, J. P.; Besson, P.; Bougamont, E.; Boyer, M.; Bredy, P.; Chipaux, R.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Descamps, J.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Ganjour, S.; Gentit, F. X.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Jarry, P.; Jeanney, C.; Kircher, F.; Lemaire, M. C.; Lemoigne, Y.; Levesy, B.; Locci, E.; Lottin, J. P.; Mandjavidze, I.; Mur, M.; Pansart, J. P.; Payn, A.; Rander, J.; Reymond, J. M.; Rolquin, J.; Rondeaux, F.; Rosowsky, A.; Rousse, J. Y. A.; Sun, Z. H.; Tartas, J.; Van Lysebetten, A.; Venault, P.; Verrecchia, P.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Anduze, M.; Badier, J.; Baffioni, S.; Bercher, M.; Bernet, C.; Berthon, U.; Bourotte, J.; Busata, A.; Busson, P.; Cerutti, M.; Chamont, D.; Charlot, C.; Collard, C.; Debraine, A.; Decotigny, D.; Dobrzynski, L.; Ferreira, O.; Geerebaert, Y.; Gilly, J.; Gregory, C.; Riveros, L. Guevara; Haguenauer, M.; Karar, A.; Koblitz, B.; Lecouturier, D.; Mathieu, A.; Milleret, G.; Mine, P.; Paganini, P.; Poilleux, P.; Pukhaeva, N.; Regnault, N.; Romanteau, T.; Semeniouk, I.; Sirois, Y.; Thiebaux, C.; Vanel, J. C.; Zabi, A.; De Filippis, N.; Beaudette, F.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Agram, J. L.; Albert, A.; Anckenmann, L.; Andrea, J.; Anstotz, F.; Bergdolt, A. M.; Berst, J. D.; Blaes, R.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J. M.; Cailleret, J.; Charles, F.; Christophel, E.; Claus, G.; Coffin, J.; Colledani, C.; Croix, J.; Dangelser, E.; Dick, N.; Didierjean, F.; Drouhin, F.; Dulinski, W.; Ernenwein, J. P.; Fang, R.; Fontaine, J. C.; Gaudiot, G.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Goeltzenlichter, T.; Goerlach, U.; Graehling, P.; Gross, L.; Hu, C. Guo; Helleboid, J. M.; Henkes, T.; Hoffer, M.; Hoffmann, C.; Hosselet, J.; Houchu, L.; Hu, Y.; Huss, D.; Illinger, C.; Jeanneau, F.; Juillot, P.; Kachelhoffer, T.; Kapp, M. R.; Kettunen, H.; Ayat, L. Lakehal; Le Bihan, A. C.; Lounis, A.; Maazouzi, C.; Mack, V.; Majewski, P.; Mangeol, D.; Michel, J.; Moreau, S.; Olivetto, C.; Pallares, A.; Patois, Y.; Pralavorio, P.; Racca, C.; Riahi, Y.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Schmitt, P.; Schunck, J. P.; Schuster, G.; Schwaller, B.; Sigward, M. H.; Sohler, J. L.; Speck, J.; Strub, R.; Todorov, T.; Turchetta, R.; Van Hove, P.; Vintache, D.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France. [Agram, J. L.; Albert, A.; Anckenmann, L.; Andrea, J.; Anstotz, F.; Bergdolt, A. M.; Berst, J. D.; Blaes, R.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J. M.; Cailleret, J.; Charles, F.; Christophel, E.; Claus, G.; Coffin, J.; Colledani, C.; Croix, J.; Dangelser, E.; Dick, N.; Didierjean, F.; Drouhin, F.; Dulinski, W.; Ernenwein, J. P.; Fang, R.; Fontaine, J. C.; Gaudiot, G.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Goeltzenlichter, T.; Goerlach, U.; Graehling, P.; Gross, L.; Hu, C. Guo; Helleboid, J. M.; Henkes, T.; Hoffer, M.; Hoffmann, C.; Hosselet, J.; Houchu, L.; Hu, Y.; Huss, D.; Illinger, C.; Jeanneau, F.; Juillot, P.; Kachelhoffer, T.; Kapp, M. R.; Kettunen, H.; Ayat, L. Lakehal; Le Bihan, A. C.; Lounis, A.; Maazouzi, C.; Mack, V.; Majewski, P.; Mangeol, D.; Michel, J.; Moreau, S.; Olivetto, C.; Pallares, A.; Patois, Y.; Pralavorio, P.; Racca, C.; Riahi, Y.; Ripp-Baudot, I.; Schmitt, P.; Schunck, J. P.; Schuster, G.; Schwaller, B.; Sigward, M. H.; Sohler, J. L.; Speck, J.; Strub, R.; Todorov, T.; Turchetta, R.; Van Hove, P.; Vintache, D.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Strasbourg, France. [Ageron, M.; Augustin, J. E.; Baty, C.; Baulieu, G.; Bedjidian, M.; Blaha, J.; Bonnevaux, A.; Boudoul, G.; Brunet, P.; Chabanat, E.; Chabert, E. C.; Chierici, R.; Chorowicz, V.; Combaret, C.; Contardo, D.; Depasse, P.; Drapier, O.; Dupanloup, M.; Dupasquier, T.; El Mamouni, H.; Estre, N.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Giraud, N.; Girerd, C.; Guillot, G.; Haroutunian, R.; Ille, B.; Lethuillier, M.; Lumb, N.; Martin, C.; Mathez, H.; Maurelli, G.; Muanza, S.; Pangaud, P.; Perries, S.; Ravat, O.; Schibler, E.; Schirra, F.; Smadja, G.; Tissot, S.; Trocme, B.; Vanzetto, S.; Walder, J. P.; Della Negra, M.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Bagaturia, Y.; Mjavia, D.; Mzhavia, A.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Sakhelashvili, T.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys & Informatizat, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Roinishvili, V.] Inst Phys Acad Sci, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Adolphi, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Brauer, R.; Braunschweig, W.; Esser, H.; Feld, L.; Karpinski, W.; Khomich, A.; Klein, K.; Kukulies, C.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Olzem, J.; Ostaptchouk, A.; Pandoulas, D.; Pierschel, G.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; von Dratzig, A. Schultz; Schwering, G.; Siedling, R.; Thomas, M.; Weber, M.; Wittmer, B.; Wlochal, M.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, Aachen, Germany. [Adamczyk, F.; Adolf, A.; Altenhoefer, G.; Bechstein, S.; Bethke, S.; Biallass, P.; Biebel, O.; Bontenackels, M.; Bosseler, K.; Boehm, A.; Erdmann, M.; Faissner, H.; Fehr, B.; Fesefeldt, H.; Fetchenhauer, G.; Frangenheim, J.; Frohn, J. H.; Grooten, J.; Hebbeker, T.; Hermann, S.; Hermens, E.; Hilgers, G.; Hoepfner, K.; Hof, C.; Jacobi, E.; Kappler, S.; Kirsch, M.; Kreuzer, P.; Kupper, R.; Lampe, H. R.; Lanske, D.; Mameghani, R.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, S.; Moers, T.; Mueller, E.; Pahlke, R.; Philipps, B.; Rein, D.; Reithler, H.; Reuter, W.; Ruetten, P.; Schulz, S.; Schwarthoff, H.; Sobek, W.; Sowa, M.; Stapelberg, T.; Szczesny, H.; Teykal, H.; Teyssier, D.; Tomme, H.; Tomme, W.; Tonutti, M.; Tsigenov, O.; Tutas, J.; Vandenhirtz, J.; Wagner, H.; Wegner, M.; Zeidler, C.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. [Beissel, F.; Davids, M.; Duda, M.; Fluegge, G.; Giffels, M.; Hermanns, T.; Heydhausen, D.; Kalinin, S.; Kasselmann, S.; Kaussen, G.; Kress, T.; Linn, A.; Nowack, A.; Poettgens, M.; Pooth, O.; Sauerland, P.; Stahl, A.; Tornier, D.; Zoeller, M. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, Aachen, Germany. [Meyer, A.; Behrens, U.; Borras, K.; Flossdorf, A.; Hatton, D.; Hegner, B.; Kasemann, M.; Mankel, R.; Mnich, J.; Rosemann, C.; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W. D.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bechtel, F.; Buhmann, P.; Butz, E.; Flucke, G.; Hamdorf, R. H.; Holm, U.; Pein, U.; Schirm, N.; Schleper, P.; Steinbrueck, G.; Van Staa, R.; Wolf, R.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Mueller, E.; Atz, B.; Barvich, T.; Bluem, P.; Boegelspacher, F.; Bol, H.; Chen, Z. Y.; Chowdhury, S.; De Boer, W.; Dehm, P.; Dirkes, G.; Fahrer, M.; Felzmann, U.; Frey, M.; Furgeri, A.; Gregoriev, E.; Hartmann, F.; Hauler, F.; Heier, S.; Kaercher, K.; Ledermann, B.; Mueller, Th.; Neuberger, D.; Piasecki, C.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Sabellek, A.; Scheurer, A.; Schilling, F. P.; Simonis, H. J.; Skiba, A.; Steck, P.; Theel, A.; Thuemmel, W. H.; Trunov, A.; Vest, A.; Weiler, T.; Weiser, C.; Weseler, S.; Zhukov, V.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Dierlamm, A.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Barone, M.; Daskalakis, G.; Dimitriou, N.; Fanourakis, G.; Filippidis, C.; Geralis, T.; Kalfas, C.; Karafasoulis, K.; Koimas, A.; Kyriakis, A.; Kyriazopoulou, S.; Loukas, D.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Mastroyiannopoulos, N.; Mavrommatis, C.; Mousa, J.; Papadakis, I.; Petrakou, E.; Siotis, I.; Theofilatos, K.; Tzamarias, S.; Vayaki, A.; Vermisoglou, G.; Zachariadou, A.] Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. [Gouskos, L.; Karapostoli, G.; Katsas, P.; Panagiotou, A.; Papadimitropoulos, C.; Lebeau, M.; Sphicas, P.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Aslanoglou, X.; Evangelou, I.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Triantis, F. A.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bencze, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Debreczeni, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Kovesarki, P.; Laszlo, A.; Odor, G.; Patay, G.; Sikler, F.; Veres, G.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zalan, P.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Fenyvesi, A.; Imrek, J.; Molnar, J.; Novak, D.; Palinkas, J.; Szekely, G.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Beni, N.; Kapusi, A.; Marian, G.; Radics, B.; Szabo, Z.; Szillasi, Z.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Zilizi, G.] Debrecen Univ Med, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. [Bawa, H. S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhandari, V.; Bhatnagar, V.; Kaur, M.; Kohli, J. M.; Kumar, A.; Singh, B.; Singh, J. B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Arora, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterji, S.; Chauhan, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Gupta, P.; Jha, M.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Srivastava, A. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Choudhury, R. K.; Dutta, D.; Ghodgaonkar, M.; Kailas, S.; Kataria, S. K.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Aziz, T.; Banerjee, Sunanda; Bose, S.; Chendvankar, S.; Deshpande, P. V.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Nayak, A.; Patil, M. R.; Sharma, S.; Sudhakar, K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res EHEP, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Acharya, B. S.; Banerjee, Sudeshna; Bheesette, S.; Dugad, S.; Kalmani, S. D.; Lakkireddi, V. R.; Mondal, N. K.; Panyam, N.; Verma, P.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res HECR, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Arfaei, H.; Hashemi, M.; Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi; Moshaii, A.; Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat] Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math IPM, Tehran, Iran. [Felcini, M.; Grunewald, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Abadjiev, K.; Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Cariola, P.; Chiumarulo, F.; Clemente, A.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; De Robertis, G.; Donvito, G.; Ferorelli, R.; Fiore, L.; Franco, M.; Giordano, D.; Guida, R.; Iaselli, G.; Lacalamita, N.; Loddo, F.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Mennea, M. S.; My, S.; Natali, S.; Papagni, G.; Pinto, C.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Roselli, G.; Sala, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Tempesta, P.; Trentadue, R.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.] Univ Bari, Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abadjiev, K.; Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Cariola, P.; Chiumarulo, F.; Clemente, A.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; De Robertis, G.; Donvito, G.; Ferorelli, R.; Fiore, L.; Franco, M.; Giordano, D.; Guida, R.; Iaselli, G.; Lacalamita, N.; Loddo, F.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Mennea, M. S.; My, S.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Papagni, G.; Pinto, C.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Roselli, G.; Sala, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Tempesta, P.; Trentadue, R.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.; Palma, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Bacchi, W.; Battilana, C.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Boldini, M.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Cafaro, V. D.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Ciocca, C.; Codispoti, G.; Cuftiani, M.; D'Antone, I.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Finelli, S.; Giacomelli, P.; Giordano, V.; Giunta, M.; Grandi, C.; Guerzoni, M.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Paolucci, A.; Pellegrini, G.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Torromeo, G.; Travaglini, R.; Veronese, G. P.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Bacchi, W.; Battilana, C.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Boldini, M.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Cafaro, V. D.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Ciocca, C.; Codispoti, G.; Cuftiani, M.; D'Antone, I.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Finelli, S.; Giacomelli, P.; Giordano, V.; Giunta, M.; Grandi, C.; Guerzoni, M.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Paolucci, A.; Pellegrini, G.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Torromeo, G.; Travaglini, R.; Veronese, G. P.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Galanti, M.; Rotondo, G. Gatto; Giudice, N.; Guardone, N.; Noto, F.; Potenza, R.; Saizu, M. A.; Salemi, G.; Sutera, C.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Galanti, M.; Rotondo, G. Gatto; Giudice, N.; Guardone, N.; Noto, F.; Potenza, R.; Saizu, M. A.; Salemi, G.; Sutera, C.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania, Italy. [Bellucci, L.; Brianzi, M.; Broccolo, G.; Catacchini, E.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Macchiolo, A.; Maletta, F.; Manolescu, F.; Marchettini, C.; Masetti, L.; Mersi, S.; Meschini, M.; Minelli, C.; Paoletti, S.; Parrini, G.; Scarlini, E.; Sguazzoni, G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bellucci, L.; Brianzi, M.; Broccolo, G.; Catacchini, E.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Macchiolo, A.; Maletta, F.; Manolescu, F.; Marchettini, C.; Masetti, L.; Mersi, S.; Meschini, M.; Minelli, C.; Paoletti, S.; Parrini, G.; Scarlini, E.; Sguazzoni, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. [Fabbri, F.; Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Caponero, M.; Colonna, D.; Daniello, L.; Felli, F.; Giardoni, M.; La Monaca, A.; Ortenzi, B.; Pallotta, M.; Paolozzi, A.; Paris, C.; Passamonti, L.; Pierluigi, D.; Ponzio, B.; Pucci, C.; Russo, A.; Saviano, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Farinon, S.; Greco, M.; Musenich, R.] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Farinon, S.; Greco, M.; Musenich, R.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Genoa, Italy. [Badoer, S.; Berti, L.; Biasotto, M.; Fantinel, S.; Frizziero, E.; Gastaldi, U.; Gulmini, M.; Lelli, F.; Maron, G.; Squizzato, S.; Toniolo, N.; Traldi, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Banfi, S.; Bertoni, R.; Bonesini, M.; Carbone, L.; Cerati, G. B.; Chignoli, F.; D'Angelo, P.; De Min, A.; Dini, P.; Farina, F. M.; Ferri, F.; Govoni, P.; Magni, S.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Mazza, R.; Menasce, D.; Miccio, V.; Moroni, L.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Rovere, M.; Sala, L.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Banfi, S.; Bertoni, R.; Bonesini, M.; Carbone, L.; Cerati, G. B.; Chignoli, F.; De Min, A.; Dini, P.; Farina, F. M.; Ferri, F.; Govoni, P.; Magni, S.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Mazza, R.; Menasce, D.; Miccio, V.; Moroni, L.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Rovere, M.; Sala, L.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.; D'Angelo, D.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Boiano, A.; Cassese, F.; Cassese, C.; Cimmino, A.; D'Aquino, B.; Lista, L.; Lomidze, D.; Noli, P.; Paolucci, P.; Passeggio, G.; Piccolo, D.; Roscilli, L.; Sciacca, C.; Vanzanella, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Barcellan, L.; Bellato, M.; Benettoni, M.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Candelori, A.; Carlin, R.; Castellani, L.; Checchia, P.; Ciano, L.; Colombo, A.; Conti, E.; Da Rold, M.; Dal Corso, F.; De Giorgi, M.; De Mattia, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanin, C.; Galet, G.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giraldo, A.; Giubilato, P.; Gonella, F.; Gresele, A.; Griggio, A.; Guaita, P.; Kaminskiy, A.; Karaevskii, S.; Khomenkov, V.; Kostylev, D.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lippi, I.; Loreti, M.; Margoni, M.; Martinelli, R.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Modenese, L.; Montecassiano, F.; Neviani, A.; Nigro, M.; Paccagnella, A.; Pantano, D.; Parenti, A.; Passaseo, M.; Pedrotta, R.; Pegoraro, M.; Rampazzo, G.; Reznikov, S.; Ronchese, P.; Daponte, A. Sancho; Sartori, P.; Stavitskiy, I.; Tessaro, M.; Torassa, E.; Triossi, A.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Ventura, L.; Verlato, M.; Zago, M.; Zatti, F.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Barcellan, L.; Bellato, M.; Benettoni, M.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Candelori, A.; Carlin, R.; Castellani, L.; Checchia, P.; Ciano, L.; Colombo, A.; Conti, E.; Da Rold, M.; Dal Corso, F.; De Giorgi, M.; De Mattia, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanin, C.; Galet, G.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giraldo, A.; Giubilato, P.; Gonella, F.; Gresele, A.; Griggio, A.; Guaita, P.; Kaminskiy, A.; Karaevskii, S.; Khomenkov, V.; Kostylev, D.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lippi, I.; Loreti, M.; Margoni, M.; Martinelli, R.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Modenese, L.; Montecassiano, F.; Neviani, A.; Nigro, M.; Paccagnella, A.; Pantano, D.; Parenti, A.; Passaseo, M.; Pedrotta, R.; Pegoraro, M.; Rampazzo, G.; Reznikov, S.; Ronchese, P.; Daponte, A. Sancho; Sartori, P.; Stavitskiy, I.; Tessaro, M.; Torassa, E.; Triossi, A.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Ventura, L.; Verlato, M.; Zago, M.; Zatti, F.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Belli, G.; Berzano, U.; Bricola, S.; Grelli, A.; Musitelli, G.; Nardo, R.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Belli, G.; Berzano, U.; Bricola, S.; Grelli, A.; Musitelli, G.; Nardo, R.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pavia, Italy. [Aisa, D.; Aisa, S.; Ambroglini, F.; Angarano, M. M.; Babucci, E.; Benedetti, D.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Bizzaglia, S.; Brunetti, M. T.; Caponeri, B.; Checcucci, B.; Covarelli, R.; Dinu, N.; Fano, L.; Farnesini, L.; Giorgi, M.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Moscatelli, F.; Passeri, D.; Piluso, A.; Placidi, P.; Postolache, V.; Santinelli, R.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Spigal, D.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Aisa, D.; Aisa, S.; Ambroglini, F.; Angarano, M. M.; Babucci, E.; Benedetti, D.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Bizzaglia, S.; Brunetti, M. T.; Caponeri, B.; Checcucci, B.; Covarelli, R.; Dinu, N.; Fano, L.; Farnesini, L.; Giorgi, M.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Moscatelli, F.; Passeri, D.; Piluso, A.; Placidi, P.; Postolache, V.; Santinelli, R.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Spigal, D.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Balestri, G.; Basti, A.; Bellazzini, R.; Benucci, L.; Bernardini, J.; Berretta, L.; Bianucci, S.; Boccali, T.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Bosi, F.; Bracci, F.; Brez, A.; Calzolari, F.; Castaldi, R.; Cazzola, U.; Ceccanti, M.; Cecchi, R.; Cerri, C.; Cucoanes, A. S.; Dell'Orso, R.; Dobur, D.; Dutta, S.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Gaggelli, A.; Gennai, S.; Giassi, A.; Giusti, S.; Kartashov, D.; Kraan, A.; Latronico, L.; Ligabue, F.; Linari, S.; Lomtadze, T.; Lungu, G. A.; Magazzu, G.; Mammini, P.; Mariani, F.; Martinelli, G.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Moggi, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Petragnani, G.; Petrucciani, G.; Profeti, A.; Raffaelli, F.; Rizzi, D.; Sanguinetti, G.; Sarkar, S.; Segneri, G.; Sentenac, D.; Serban, A. T.; Slav, A.; Spagnolo, P.; Spandre, G.; Tenchini, R.; Tolaini, S.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.; Vos, M.; Zaccarelli, L.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Baccaro, S.; Barone, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Borgia, B.; Capradossi, G.; Cavallari, F.; Cecilia, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Dafinei, I.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Ferrara, G.; Gargiulo, C.; Guerra, S.; Iannone, M.; Longo, E.; Montecchi, M.; Nuccetelli, M.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Paramatti, R.; Pellegrino, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Zullo, A.] Univ Rome 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Baccaro, S.; Barone, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Borgia, B.; Capradossi, G.; Cavallari, F.; Cecilia, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Dafinei, I.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Ferrara, G.; Gargiulo, C.; Guerra, S.; Iannone, M.; Longo, E.; Montecchi, M.; Nuccetelli, M.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Paramatti, R.; Pellegrino, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Zullo, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Borgia, B.; Alampi, G.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Bellan, R.; Benotto, F.; Biino, C.; Bolognesi, S.; Botta, C.; Brasolin, A.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Cirio, R.; Cordero, M.; Costa, M.; Dattola, D.; Daudo, F.; Dellacasa, G.; Demaria, N.; Dughera, G.; Dumitrache, F.; Farano, R.; Ferrero, G.; Filoni, E.; Kostyleva, G.; Larsen, H. E.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Menichetti, E.; Mereu, P.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Panero, R.; Parussa, A.; Pastrone, N.; Peroni, C.; Petrillo, G.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Scalise, M.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Vaniev, V.; Zampieri, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Alampi, G.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Bellan, R.; Benotto, F.; Biino, C.; Bolognesi, S.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Brasolin, A.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Cirio, R.; Cordero, M.; Costa, M.; Dattola, D.; Daudo, F.; Dellacasa, G.; Demaria, N.; Dughera, G.; Dumitrache, F.; Farano, R.; Ferrero, G.; Filoni, E.; Kostyleva, G.; Larsen, H. E.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Menichetti, E.; Mereu, P.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Panero, R.; Parussa, A.; Pastrone, N.; Peroni, C.; Petrillo, G.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Scalise, M.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Vaniev, V.; Zampieri, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Kavka, C.; Penzo, A.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Kavka, C.; Penzo, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Kim, Y. E.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Chonju, South Korea. [Nam, S. K.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea. [Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, J. C.; Kong, D. J.; Ro, S. R.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Park, S. Y.] Wonkwang Univ, Iksan, South Korea. [Kim, Y. J.] Jeju Natl Univ, Cheju, South Korea. [Kim, J. Y.; Lim, I. T.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Pac, M. Y.] Dongshin Univ, Naju, South Korea. [Lee, S. J.] Seonam Univ, Namwon, South Korea. [Jung, S. Y.; Rhee, J. T.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Ahn, S. H.; Hong, B. S.; Jeng, Y. K.; Kang, M. H.; Kim, H. C.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, K. S.; Lim, J. K.; Moon, D. H.; Park, I. C.; Park, S. K.; Ryu, M. S.; Sim, K. -S.; Son, K. J.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Hong, S. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, Y. I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Castilla Valdez, H.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Altsybeev, I.; Babich, K.; Belkov, A.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Chesnevskaya, S.; Elsha, V.; Ershov, Y.; Filozova, I.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golunov, A.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbounov, N.; Gramenitski, I.; Kalagin, V.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Khabarov, S.; Khabarov, V.; Kiryushin, Y.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Korenkov, V.; Kozlov, G.; Kurenkov, A.; Lanev, A.; Lysiakov, V.; Malakhov, A.; Melnitchenko, I.; Mitsyn, V. V.; Moisenz, K.; Moisenz, P.; Movchan, S.; Nikonov, E.; Oleynik, D.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Petrosyan, A.; Rogalev, E.; Samsonov, V.; Savina, M.; Semenov, R.; Sergeev, S.; Shmatov, S.; Shulha, S.; Smirnov, V.; Smolin, D.; Tcheremoukhine, A.; Teryaev, O.; Tikhonenko, E.; Urkinbaev, A.; Vasil'ev, S.; Vishnevskiy, A.; Volodko, A.; Zamiatin, N.; Zarubin, A.; Zarubin, P.; Zubarev, E.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Gavrikov, Y.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Kozlov, V.; Lebedev, V.; Makarenkov, G.; Moroz, F.; Neustroev, P.; Obrant, G.; Orishchin, E.; Petrunin, A.; Shcheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Velichko, G.; Volkov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Chmelev, D.; Druzhkin, D.; Ivanov, A.; Kudinov, V.; Logatchev, O.; Onishchenko, S.; Orlov, A.; Sakharov, V.; Smetannikov, V.; Tikhomirov, A.; Zavodthikov, S.] HTTC RDIPE, Moscow, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Anisimov, A.; Duk, V.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Gorbunov, D.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Pastsyak, A.; Postoev, V. E.; Sadovski, A.; Skassyrskaia, A.; Solovey, Alexander; Solovey, Anatoly; Soloviev, D.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Alekhin, A.; Baldov, A.; Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Ilina, N.; Kaftanov, V.; Karpishin, V.; Kiselevich, I.; Kolosov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Kuleshov, S.; Oulianov, A.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Stepanov, N.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zaytsev, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Eyyubova, G.; Gribushin, A.; Ilyin, V.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Kruglov, N. A.; Kryukov, A.; Lokhtin, I.; Malinina, L.; Mikhaylin, V.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Shamardin, L.; Sherstnev, A.; Snigirev, A.; Teplov, K.; Vardanyan, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Kozlov, V.; Fomenko, A. M.; Konovalova, N.; Lebedev, A. I.; Lvova, N.; Rusakov, S. V.; Terkulov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Petrov, V.; Abramov, V.; Akimenko, S.; Artamonov, A.; Ashimova, A.; Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Chikilev, O.; Datsko, K.; Filine, A.; Godizov, A.; Goncharov, P.; Grishin, V.; Inyakin, A.; Kachanov, V.; Kalinin, A.; Khmelnikov, A.; Konstantinov, D.; Korablev, A.; Krychkine, V.; Krinitsyn, A.; Levine, A.; Lobov, I.; Mel'nik, Y.; Molchanov, V.; Petukhov, V.; Pikalov, V.; Ryazanov, A.; Ryutin, R.; Shelikhov, V.; Skvortsov, V.; Slabospitsky, S.; Sobol, A.; Sytine, A.; Talov, V.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.; Zelepoukine, S.; Lukhanin, G.] State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Lukyanov, V.; Mamaeva, G.; Prilutskaya, Z.; Rumyantsev, I.; Sokha, S.; Tataurschikov, S.; Vasilyev, I.] Electron Natl Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Anicin, I.; Djordjevic, M.; Jovanovic, D.; Maletic, D.; Puzovic, J.; Smiljkovic, N.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguayo Navarrete, E.; Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alarcon Vega, J. M.; Alberdi, J.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Aldaya Martin, M.; Arce, P.; Barcala, J. M.; Berdugo, J.; Blanco Ramos, C. L.; Burgos Lazaro, C.; Caballero Bejar, J.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Chercoles Catalan, J. J.; Colino, N.; Daniel, M.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Ferrando, A.; Fouz, M. C.; Francia Ferrero, D.; Garcia Romero, J.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Hemandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Marin, J.; Merino, G.; Molinero, A.; Navarrete, J. J.; Oller, J. C.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Puras Sanchez, J. C.; Ramirez, J.; Romero, L.; Villanueva Munoz, C.; Willmott, C.; Yuste, C.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Jimenez, I.; Macias, R.; Teixeira, R. F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lopez-Garcia, J.; Naves Sordo, H.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Fernandez Menendez, J.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Cano Fernandez, D.; Diaz Merino, I.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Figueroa, C.; Garcia Moral, L. A.; Gomez, G.; Gomez Casademunt, F.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Garcia, A.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P.; Matorras, F.; Orviz Fernandez, P.; Patino Revuelta, A.; Gonzalez, D. Rodriguez; Jimeno, A. Ruiz; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Barbero, M.; Goldin, D.; Henrich, B.; Tauscher, L.; Vlachos, S.; Wadhwa, M.] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Toteva, Z.; Engstrom, P.; Kortesmaa, J.; Kuronen, A.; Michal, S.; Polese, G.; Levesy, B.; Drouhin, F.; Contardo, D.; Fetchenhauer, G.; Zeuner, W. D.; Hartmann, F.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Szillasi, Z.; Colaleo, A.; Silvestris, L.; Masetti, L.; Colonna, D.; Gulmini, M.; Farina, F. M.; Bacchetta, N.; Montecassiano, F.; Passaseo, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Spigal, D.; Bagliesi, G.; Tonelli, G.; Trapani, P. P.; Ahmed, I.; Varela, J.; Druzhkin, D.; Kossov, M.; Vlasov, E.; Grishin, V.; Smiljkovic, N.; Patino Revuelta, A.; Abbaneo, D.; Abbas, S. M.; Akhtar, S.; Akhtar, M. I.; Albert, E.; Alidra, M.; Ashby, S.; Aspell, P.; Auffray, E.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A.; Bally, S. L.; Bangert, N.; Barillere, R.; Barney, D.; Blechschmidt, D.; Bloch, C.; Bloch, P.; Bonacini, S.; Bos, J.; Bosteels, M.; Boyer, V.; Branson, A.; Breuker, H.; Bruneliere, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Campi, D.; Camporesi, T.; Caner, A.; Cano, E.; Carrone, E.; Cattai, A.; Chatelain, J. P.; Chauvey, M.; Christiansen, T.; Ciganek, M.; Cittolin, S.; Cogan, J.; Garcia, A. Conde; Cornet, H.; Corrin, E.; Corvo, M.; Cucciarelli, S.; Cure, B.; D'Enterria, D.; De Roeck, A.; de Visser, T.; Delaere, C.; Delattre, M.; Deldicque, C.; Delikaris, D.; Deyrail, D.; Di Vincenzo, S.; Domeniconi, A.; Dos Santos, S.; Duthion, G.; Edera, L. M.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Eppard, M.; Fanzago, F.; Favre, M.; Foeth, H.; Folch, R.; Frank, N.; Fratianni, S.; Freire, M. A.; Frey, A.; Fucci, A.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gagliardi, F.; Gastal, M.; Gateau, M.; Gayde, J. C.; Gerwig, H.; Ghezzi, A.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giolo-Nicollerat, A. S.; Girod, J. P.; Glege, F.; Glessing, W.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Goudard, R.; Grabit, R.; Grillet, J. P.; Llamas, P. Gutierrez; Mlot, E. Gutierrez; Gutleber, J.; Hall-wilton, R.; Hammarstrom, R.; Hansen, M.; Harvey, J.; Herve, A.; Hill, J.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Holzner, A.; Honma, A.; Hufnagel, D.; Ilie, S. D.; Innocente, V.; Jank, W.; Janot, P.; Jarron, P.; Jeanrenaud, M.; Jouvel, P.; Kerkach, R.; Kloukinas, K.; Kottelat, L. J.; Labbe, J. C.; Lacroix, D.; Lagrue, X.; Lasseur, C.; Laure, E.; Laurens, J. F.; Lazeyras, P.; Le Goff, J. M.; Lebeau, M.; Lecoq, P.; Lemeilleur, F.; Lenzi, M.; Leonardo, N.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Letheren, M.; Liendl, M.; Limia-Conde, F.; Linssen, L.; Ljuslin, C.; Lofstedt, B.; Loos, R.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Lourenco, C.; Lyonnet, A.; Machard, A.; Martin, J.; Meijers, F.; Meridiani, P.; Meschi, E.; Meyer, T.; Cordonnier, A. Meynet; Michaud, J. F.; Mirabito, L.; Moser, R.; Mossiere, F.; Muffat-Joly, J.; Mulders, M.; Mulon, J.; Murer, E.; Maettig, P.; Oh, A.; Onnela, A.; Oriunno, M.; Orsini, L.; Osborne, J. A.; Paillard, C.; Pal, I.; Papotti, G.; Passardi, G.; Patino-Revuelta, A.; Patras, V.; Solano, B. Perea; Perez, E.; Perinic, G.; Pernot, J. F.; Petagna, P.; Petiot, P.; Petit, P.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Piccut, C.; Pimia, M.; Pintus, R.; Pioppi, M.; Placci, A.; Pollet, L.; Postema, H.; Price, M. J.; Principe, R.; Racz, A.; Radermacher, E.; Ranieri, R.; Raymond, G.; Rebecchi, P.; Rehn, J.; Reynaud, S.; Naraghi, H. Rezvani; Ricci, D.; Ridel, M.; Risoldi, M.; Moreira, P. Rodrigues Simoes; Rohlev, A.; Roiron, G.; Rolandi, G.; Rumerio, P.; Runolfsson, O.; Ryjov, V.; Sakulin, H.; Samyn, D.; Amaral, L. C. Santos; Sauce, H.; Sbrissa, E.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schlatter, W. D.; Schmitt, B.; Schmuecker, H. G.; Schroeder, M.; Schwick, C.; Schaefer, C.; Segoni, I.; Roldan, P. Sempere; Sgobba, S.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, P.; Sigaud, C.; Sinanis, N.; Sobrier, T.; Sphicas, P.; Spiropulu, M.; Stefanini, G.; Strandlie, A.; Szoncso, F.; Taylor, B. G.; Teller, O.; Thea, A.; Tournefier, E.; Treille, D.; Tropea, P.; Troska, J.; Tsesmelis, E.; Tsirou, A.; Valls, J.; Van Vulpen, I.; Donckt, M. Vander; Vasey, F.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Veillet, L.; Vichoudis, P.; Waurick, G.; Wellisch, J. P.; Wertelaers, P.; Wilhelmsson, M.; Willers, I. M.; Winkler, M.; Zanetti, M.; Delachenal, V.; Fuchs, J. F.; Maurisset, A.; Wensveen, M.; Gao, Z.; Sharp, P.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Stettler, M.; Virdee, T.; Erhan, S.; Voicu, B. R.; Abdullin, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Chevenier, G.; Lusin, S.; Tkaczyk, S.; Kozhevnikov, Y.; De Barbaro, P.; Macpherson, A.; Crotty, I.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Dick, P.; Erdmann, W.; Feichtinger, D.; Gabathuler, K.; Hochman, Z.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Kotlinski, D.; Koenig, S.; Poerschke, P.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sakhelashvili, T.; Starodumov, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Weber, M.; Aleksandrov, V.; Behner, F.; Beniozef, I.; Betev, B.; Blau, B.; Brett, A. M.; Caminada, L.; Chen, Z.; Chivarov, N.; Di Calaflori, D. 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A.; Roeser, U.; Schinzel, D.; Schoening, A.; Sourkov, A.; Stanishev, K.; Stoenchev, S.; Stoeckli, F.; Suter, H.; Trueb, P.; Udriot, S.; Uzunova, D. G.; Veltchev, I.; Viertel, G.; von Gunten, H. P.; Waldmeier-Wicki, S.; Weber, R.; Weng, J.; Wensveen, M.; Wittgenstein, F.; Zagoursky, K.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Alagoz, E.; Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; Hoermann, C.; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Schmidt, A.; Steiner, S.; Tsirigkas, D.; Wilke, L.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Blyth, S.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, E. A.; Go, A.; Hung, C. C.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Chang, P.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Gao, Z.; Hou, G. W. S.; Hsiung, Y. B.; Lei, Y. J.; Lin, S. W.; Lu, R. S.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Ueno, K.; Velikzhanin, Y.; Wang, C. C.; Wang, M. -Z.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Aydin, S.; Azman, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Basegmez, S.; Cerci, S.; Dumanoglu, I.; Erturk, S.; Eskut, E.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Kisoglu, H.; Kurt, P.; Ozdemir, K.; Koca, N. Ozdes; Ozkurt, H.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoez, A.; Sogut, K.; Topakli, H.; Vergili, M.; Oenenguet, G.; Onengut, G.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Gamsizkan, H.; Sekmen, S.; Serin-Zeyrek, M.; Sever, R.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Guelmez, E.; Isiksal, E.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Grinev, B.; Lyubynskiy, V.; Senchyshyn, V.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Levchuk, L.; Lukyanenko, S.; Soroka, D.; Sorokin, P.; Zub, S.] Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Anjum, A.; Baker, N.; Hauer, T.; McClatchey, R.; Odeh, M.; Rogulin, D.; Solomonides, A.] Univ W England, Ctr Complex Cooperat Syst, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. [Hansen, M.; Brooke, J. J.; Croft, R.; Cussans, D.; Evans, D.; Frazier, R.; Grant, N.; Head, R. D.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Hill, C.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Lynch, C.; Mackay, C. K.; Metson, S.; Nash, S. J.; Newbold, D. M.; Presland, A. D.; Probert, M. G.; Reid, E. C.; Smith, V. J.; Tapper, R. J.; Walton, R.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Bateman, E.; Bell, K. W.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Church, I. T.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Cole, J. E.; Connolly, J. F.; Coughlan, J. A.; Flower, P. S.; Ford, P.; Francis, V. B.; French, M. J.; Galagedera, S. B.; Gannon, W.; Gay, A. P. R.; Geddes, N. I.; Greenhalgh, R. J. S.; Halsall, R. N. J.; Haynes, W. J.; Hill, J. A.; Jacob, F. R.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jones, L. L.; Kennedy, B. W.; Lintern, A. L.; Lodge, A. B.; Maddox, A. J.; Morrissey, Q. R.; Murray, P.; Patrick, G. N.; Pattison, C. A. X.; Pearson, M. R.; Quinton, S. P. H.; Rogers, G. J.; Salisbury, J. G.; Shah, A. A.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Smith, B. J.; Sproston, M.; Stephenson, R.; Taghavi, S.; Tomalin, I. R.; Torbet, M. J.; Williams, J. H.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.; Xing, F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Apollonio, M.; Arteche, F.; Bainbridge, R.; Barber, G.; Barrillon, P.; Batten, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Hall, P. M. Brambilla; Britton, D.; Cameron, W.; Clark, D. E.; Clark, I. W.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Dewhirst, G.; Dris, S.; Foudas, C.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Graham, D. J.; Greder, S.; Greenwood, S.; Hall, G.; Hassard, J. F.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Kasey, V.; Khaleeq, M.; Leaver, J.; Lewis, P.; MacEvoy, B. C.; Maroney, O.; McLeod, E. M.; Miller, D. G.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Messomo, E. Noah; Noy, M.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Price, D. R.; Qu, X.; Raymond, D. M.; Rose, A.; Rutherford, S.; Ryan, M. J.; Sciacca, F.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Stettler, M.; Stoye, M.; Striebig, J.; Takahashi, M.; Tallini, H.; Tapper, A.; Timlin, C.; Toudup, L.; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Walsham, P.; Wardrope, D.; Wingham, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zorba, O.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Da Via, C.; Goitom, I.; Hobson, P. R.; Imrie, D. C.; Reid, I.; Selby, C.; Sharif, O.; Teodorescu, L.; Watts, S. J.; Yaselli, I.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Hazen, E.; Heering, A.; Heister, A.; Lawlor, C.; Lazic, D.; Machado, E.; Rohlf, J.; Sulak, L.; Rodriguez, F. Varela; Wu, S. X.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Christofek, L.; Cutts, D.; Esen, S.; Hooper, R.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Breedon, R.; Case, M.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Fisyak, Y.; Friis, E.; Grim, G.; Holbrook, B.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Lin, F. C.; Lister, A.; Maruyama, S.; Pellett, D.; Rowe, J.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Soha, A.; Squires, M.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Bonushkin, Y.; Chandramouly, S.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Erhan, S.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Lisowski, B.; Matthey, C.; Mohr, B.; Mumford, J.; Otwinowski, S.; Pischalnikov, Y.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Shi, Y.; Tannenbaum, B.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Wallny, R.; Wang, H. G.; Yang, X.; Zheng, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Andreeva, J.; Babb, J.; Campana, S.; Chrisman, D.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Fortin, D.; Gary, J. W.; Gorn, W.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Layter, J. G.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Luthra, A.; Pasztor, G.; Rick, H.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sytnik, V.; Tran, P.; Villa, S.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.; Zer-Zion, D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Branson, J. G.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Dusinberre, E.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Lipeles, E.; Mangano, B.; Martin, T.; Mojaver, M.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Norman, M.; Paar, H. P.; Petrucci, A.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Rana, A.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; White, A.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Affolder, A.; Allen, A.; Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Dierlamm, A.; Garberson, J.; Hale, D.; Incandela, J.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Kyre, S.; Lamb, J.; Lowette, S.; Nikolic, M.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Shah, Y. S.; Stuart, D.; Swain, S.; Vlimant, J. R.; White, D.; Witherell, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Thomas, M.; Dubinin, M.; Wilken, R.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, J.; Denis, G.; Galvez, P.; Gataullin, M.; Legrand, I.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Mao, R.; Nae, D.; Narsky, I.; Newman, H. B.; Orirnoto, T.; Rogan, C.; Shevchenko, S.; Steenberg, C.; Su, X.; Timciuc, V.; van Lingen, F.; Veverka, J.; Voicu, B. R.; Weinstein, A.; Xia, Y.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L. Y.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ferguson, T.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bunce, M.; Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Ford, W. T.; Givens, K.; Heyburn, B.; Johnson, D.; Nauenberg, U.; Stenson, K.; Wagner, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Blekman, F.; Cassel, D.; Das, S.; Duboscq, J. E.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Jones, C. D.; Kuznetsov, V.; Patterson, J. R.; Riley, D.; Ryd, A.; Stroiney, S.; Sun, W.; Thom, J.; Vaughan, J.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beetz, C. P.; Cirino, G.; Podrasky, V.; Sanzeni, C.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Sergeev, S.; Evans, D.; Abdullin, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Albrow, M.; Amundson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Badgett, W.; Bakken, J. A.; Baldin, B.; Banicz, K.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Baumbaugh, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Binkley, M.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Boubekeur, A.; Bowden, M.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chevenier, G.; Chlebana, F.; Churin, I.; Cihangir, S.; Dagenhart, W.; Demarteau, M.; Dykstra, D.; Eartly, D. P.; Elias, J. E.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gaines, I.; Gartung, P.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Giacchetti, L.; Glenzinski, D. A.; Gottschalk, E.; Grassi, T.; Green, D.; Grimm, C.; Guo, Y.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Hesselroth, T.; Holm, S.; Holzman, B.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kossiakov, S.; Kousouris, K.; Kowalkowski, J.; Kramer, T.; Kwan, S.; Lei, C. M.; Leininger, M.; Los, S.; Lueking, L.; Lukhanin, G.; Lusin, S.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Moccia, S.; Mokhov, N.; Mrenna, S.; Murray, S. J.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Noeding, C.; O'Dell, V.; Paterno, M.; Petravick, D.; Pordes, R.; Prokofyev, O.; Ratnikova, N.; Ronzhin, A.; Sekhri, V.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sfiligoi, I.; Shaw, T. M.; Skup, E.; Smith, R. P.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Stavrianakou, M.; Stiehr, G.; Stone, A. L.; Suzuki, I.; Tan, P.; Tanenbaum, W.; Temple, L. E.; Tkaczyk, S.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Wands, R.; Wenzel, H.; Whitmore, J.; Wicklund, E.; Wu, W. M.; Wu, Y.; Yarba, J.; Yarba, V.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.; Zimmerman, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Barashko, V.; Bartalini, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dolinsky, S.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gorn, L.; Holmes, D.; Kim, B. J.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Levchenko, P.; Madorsky, A.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Pakhotin, Y.; Prescott, C.; Ramond, L.; Ramond, P.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Stasko, J.; Stoeck, H.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Atramentov, O.; Bertoldi, M.; Dharmaratna, W. G. D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, C. J.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Simek, D.; Thomaston, J.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M.; Baksay, L.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Mermerkaya, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Barannikova, O.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R.; Iordanova, A.; Khalatian, S.; Mironov, C.; Shabalina, E.; Smoron, A.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Ayan, A. S.; Briggs, R.; Cankocak, K.; Clarida, W.; Cooper, A.; Debbins, P.; Duru, F.; Fountain, M.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. P.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Miller, M. J.; Moeller, A.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Perera, L.; Schmidt, I.; Wang, S.; Yetkin, T.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Anderson, E. W.; Chakir, H.; Hauptman, J. M.; Lamsa, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Chien, C. Y.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A.; Kim, D. W.; Lae, C. K.; Maksimovic, P.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chen, J.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Coppage, D.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Radicci, V.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bandurin, D.; Bolton, T.; Kaadze, K.; Kahl, W. E.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Sidwell, R.; Wan, Z.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dahmes, B.; Gronberg, J.; Hollar, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.; Wuest, C. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, D.; Bard, R.; Eno, S. C.; Ferencek, D.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Kunori, S.; Lockner, E.; Ratnikov, F.; Santanastasio, F.; Skuja, A.; Toole, T.; Wang, L.; Wetstein, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alver, B.; Ballintijn, M.; Bauer, G.; Busza, W.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Klute, M.; Kravchenko, I.; Li, W.; Loizides, C.; Ma, T.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Pavlon, S.; Gomez, J. Piedra; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G.; Sumorok, K.; Vaurynovich, S.; Wenger, E. A.; Wyslouch, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Inyakin, A.; Bailleux, D.; Cooper, S.; Cushman, P.; De Benedetti, A.; Dolgopolov, A.; Dudero, P. R.; Egeland, R.; Franzoni, G.; Gilbert, W. J.; Gong, D.; Grahl, J.; Haupt, J.; Klapoetke, K.; Kronkvist, I.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Rusack, R.; Sengupta, S.; Sherwood, B.; Singovsky, A.; Vikas, P.; Zhang, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Booke, M.; Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Reep, M.; Reidy, J.; Sanders, D. A.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D.; Watkins, S.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Bockelman, B.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Furukawa, M.; Keller, J.; Kelly, T.; Lundstedt, C.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.; Swanson, D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kumar, A.; Ecklund, K. M.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Strang, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Boeriu, O.; Eulisse, G.; McCauley, T.; Musienko, Y.; Muzaffar, S.; Osborne, I.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.; Taylor, L.; Tuura, L.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schmitt, M.; Gobbi, B.; Kubantsev, M.; Kubik, A.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Spencer, E.; Stoynev, S.; Szleper, M.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Andert, K.; Baumbaugh, B.; Beiersdorf, B. A.; Castle, L.; Chorny, J.; Goussiou, A.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolberg, T.; Marchant, J.; Marinelli, N.; McKenna, M.; Ruchti, R.; Vigneault, M.; Wayne, M.; Wiand, D.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gilmore, J.; Gu, J.; Killewald, P.; Ling, T. Y.; Rush, C. J.; Sehgal, V.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Olson, J.; Adam, N.; Chidzik, S.; Denes, P.; Elmer, P.; Garmash, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Jones, J.; Marlow, D.; Piroue, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Wildish, T.; Wynhoff, S.; Xie, Z.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez; Zatserklyaniy, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Apresyan, A.; Arndt, K.; Barnes, V. E.; Bolla, G.; Bortoletto, D.; Bujak, A.; Everett, A.; Fahling, M.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Gutay, L.; Ippolito, N.; Kozhevnikov, Y.; Laasanen, A. T.; Liu, C.; Maroussov, V.; Medved, S.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Miyamoto, J.; Neumeister, N.; Pompos, A.; Roy, A.; Sedov, A.; Shipsey, I.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cuplov, V.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN USA. [Lee, S. J.; Bargassa, P.; Liu, J. H.; Maronde, D.; Matveev, M.; Nussbaum, T.; Padley, B. P.; Roberts, J.; Tumanov, A.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Bodek, A.; Budd, H.; Cammin, J.; Chung, Y. S.; De Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Ginther, G.; Gotra, Y.; Korjenevski, S.; Miner, D. C.; Sakumoto, W.; Slattery, P.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Bhatti, A.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Hatakeyama, K.; Mesropian, C.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Bartz, E.; Chuang, S. H.; Doroshenko, J.; Halkiadakis, E.; Jacques, P. 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Lenzi, Piergiulio/0000-0002-6927-8807; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Varela, Joao/0000-0003-2613-3146; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238; Arndt, Kirk/0000-0002-6826-8340; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357; Korenkov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2342-7862; Bonesini, Maurizio/0000-0001-5119-1896; Uliyanov, Alexey/0000-0001-6935-8949; Teixeira, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-0379-6257; Donvito, Giacinto/0000-0002-0628-1080; Cacho Teixeira, Isabel/0000-0002-2642-5619; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Ghezzi, Alessio/0000-0002-8184-7953; Maroney, Owen/0000-0003-0570-0156; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Levchenko, Petr/0000-0003-4913-0538; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; CALZOLARI, FEDERICO/0000-0002-5510-3061; Mrenna, Stephen/0000-0001-8731-160X; Perinic, Goran/0000-0001-5696-0404; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X; Leonidopoulos, Christos/0000-0002-7241-2114; Lippi, Ivano/0000-0002-8181-3905; Petragnani, Giulio/0000-0002-0819-6509; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Erdmann, Martin/0000-0002-1653-1303 NR 256 TC 485 Z9 489 U1 34 U2 341 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR S08004 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004 PG 361 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900011 ER PT J AU Repond, J Yu, J Hawkes, CM Mikami, Y Miller, O Watson, NK Wilson, JA Mavromanolakis, G Thomson, MA Ward, DR Yan, W Badaud, F Boumediene, D Carloganu, C Cornat, R Gay, P Gris, P Manen, S Morisseau, F Royer, L Blazey, GC Chakraborty, D Dyshkant, A Francis, K Hedin, D Lima, G Zutshi, V Hostachy, JY Morin, L Garutti, E Korbel, V Sefkow, F Groll, M Kim, G Kim, DW Lee, K Lee, S Kawagoe, K Tamura, Y Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Magnan, AM Noronha, C Yilmaz, H Zorba, O Bartsch, V Butterworth, JM Postranecky, M Warren, M Wing, M Giannelli, MF Green, MG Salvatore, F Wu, T Bailey, D Barlow, RJ Kelly, M Snow, S Thompson, RJ Danilov, M Kochetkov, V Baranova, N Ermolov, P Karmanov, D Korolev, M Merkin, M Voronin, A Bouquet, B Callier, S Dulucq, F Fleury, J Li, H Martin-Chassard, G Richard, F de la Taille, C Poeschl, R Raux, L Ruan, M Seguin-Moreau, N Wicelk, F Zhang, Z Anduze, M Boudry, V Brient, JC Clerc, C Gaycken, G Jauffret, C Karar, A de Freitas, PM Musat, G Reinhard, M Rouge, A Sanchez, AL Vanel, JC Videau, H Zacek, J Cvach, J Gallus, P Havranek, M Janata, M Marcisovsky, M Polak, I Popule, J Tomasek, L Tomasek, M Ruzicka, P Sicho, P Smolik, J Vrba, V Zalesak, J Arestov, Y Baird, A Halsall, RN Nam, SW Park, IH Yang, J AF Repond, J. Yu, J. Hawkes, C. M. Mikami, Y. Miller, O. Watson, N. K. Wilson, J. A. Mavromanolakis, G. Thomson, M. A. Ward, D. R. Yan, W. Badaud, F. Boumediene, D. Carloganu, C. Cornat, R. Gay, P. Gris, Ph. Manen, S. Morisseau, F. Royer, L. Blazey, G. C. Chakraborty, D. Dyshkant, A. Francis, K. Hedin, D. Lima, G. Zutshi, V. Hostachy, J. -Y. Morin, L. Garutti, E. Korbel, V. Sefkow, F. Groll, M. Kim, G. Kim, D-W. Lee, K. Lee, S. Kawagoe, K. Tamura, Y. Bowerman, D. A. Dauncey, P. D. Magnan, A. -M. Noronha, C. Yilmaz, H. Zorba, O. Bartsch, V. Butterworth, J. M. Postranecky, M. Warren, M. Wing, M. Giannelli, M. Faucci Green, M. G. Salvatore, F. Wu, T. Bailey, D. Barlow, R. J. Kelly, M. Snow, S. Thompson, R. J. Danilov, M. Kochetkov, V. Baranova, N. Ermolov, P. Karmanov, D. Korolev, M. Merkin, M. Voronin, A. Bouquet, B. Callier, S. Dulucq, F. Fleury, J. Li, H. Martin-Chassard, G. Richard, F. de la Taille, Ch. Poeschl, R. Raux, L. Ruan, M. Seguin-Moreau, N. Wicelk, F. Zhang, Z. Anduze, M. Boudry, V. Brient, J-C. Clerc, C. Gaycken, G. Jauffret, C. Karar, A. de Freitas, P. Mora Musat, G. Reinhard, M. Rouge, A. Sanchez, A. L. Vanel, J-Ch. Videau, H. Zacek, J. Cvach, J. Gallus, P. Havranek, M. Janata, M. Marcisovsky, M. Polak, I. Popule, J. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Ruzicka, P. Sicho, P. Smolik, J. Vrba, V. Zalesak, J. Arestov, Yu. Baird, A. Halsall, R. N. Nam, S. W. Park, I. H. Yang, J. TI Design and electronics commissioning of the physics prototype of a Si-W electromagnetic calorimeter for the International Linear Collider SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Calorimeters; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) ID SILICON; LUMINOSITY AB The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear Collider detectors. For the electromagnetic calorimeter, the current baseline choice is a high granularity sampling calorimeter with tungsten as absorber and silicon detectors as sensitive material. A "physics prototype" has been constructed, consisting of thirty sensitive layers, Each layer has an active area of 18 x 18 cm(2) and a pad size of 1 x 1 cm(2). The absorber thickness totals 24 radiation lengths, It has been exposed in 2006 and 2007 to electron and hadron beams at the DESY and CERN beam test facilities, using a wide range of beam energies and incidence angles. In this paper, the prototype and the data acquisition chain are described and a summary of the data taken in the 2006 beam tests is presented. The methods used to subtract the pedestals and calibrate the detector are detailed. The signal-over-noise ratio has been measured at 7.63 +/- 0.01. Some electronics features have been observed; these lead to coherent noise and crosstalk between pads, and also crosstalk between sensitive and passive areas. The performance achieved in terms of uniformity and stability is presented. C1 [Bowerman, D. A.; Dauncey, P. D.; Magnan, A. -M.; Noronha, C.; Yilmaz, H.; Zorba, O.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Repond, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hawkes, C. M.; Mikami, Y.; Miller, O.; Watson, N. K.; Wilson, J. A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mavromanolakis, G.; Thomson, M. A.; Ward, D. R.; Yan, W.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Badaud, F.; Boumediene, D.; Carloganu, C.; Cornat, R.; Gay, P.; Gris, Ph.; Manen, S.; Morisseau, F.; Royer, L.] Lab Phys Corpusculaire Clermont Ferrand LPC, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Blazey, G. C.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Francis, K.; Hedin, D.; Lima, G.; Zutshi, V.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, NICADD, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Hostachy, J. -Y.; Morin, L.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Garutti, E.; Korbel, V.; Sefkow, F.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Groll, M.] Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Kim, G.; Kim, D-W.; Lee, K.; Lee, S.] Kangnung Natl Univ, HEP PD, Kangnung, South Korea. [Kawagoe, K.; Tamura, Y.] Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Bartsch, V.; Butterworth, J. M.; Postranecky, M.; Warren, M.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Giannelli, M. Faucci; Green, M. G.; Salvatore, F.; Wu, T.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Bailey, D.; Barlow, R. J.; Kelly, M.; Snow, S.; Thompson, R. J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Danilov, M.; Kochetkov, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, RU-117218 Moscow, Russia. [Baranova, N.; Ermolov, P.; Karmanov, D.; Korolev, M.; Merkin, M.; Voronin, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Bouquet, B.; Callier, S.; Dulucq, F.; Fleury, J.; Li, H.; Martin-Chassard, G.; Richard, F.; de la Taille, Ch.; Poeschl, R.; Raux, L.; Ruan, M.; Seguin-Moreau, N.; Wicelk, F.; Zhang, Z.] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Orsay, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Anduze, M.; Boudry, V.; Brient, J-C.; Clerc, C.; Gaycken, G.; Jauffret, C.; Karar, A.; de Freitas, P. Mora; Musat, G.; Reinhard, M.; Rouge, A.; Sanchez, A. L.; Vanel, J-Ch.; Videau, H.] Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Zacek, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Cvach, J.; Gallus, P.; Havranek, M.; Janata, M.; Marcisovsky, M.; Polak, I.; Popule, J.; Tomasek, L.; Tomasek, M.; Ruzicka, P.; Sicho, P.; Smolik, J.; Vrba, V.; Zalesak, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Arestov, Yu.] Inst High Energy Phys, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. [Baird, A.; Halsall, R. N.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Nam, S. W.; Park, I. H.; Yang, J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120, South Korea. RP Magnan, AM (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England. EM a.magnan@imperial.ac.uk RI Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Marcisovsky, Michal/H-1533-2014; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Cvach, Jaroslav/G-6269-2014; OI Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Hedin, David/0000-0001-9984-215X; Blazey, Gerald/0000-0002-7435-5758; Watson, Nigel/0000-0002-8142-4678; Nam, Wonwoo/0000-0001-8592-4867 FU Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Helm holtz-Nachwuchsgruppen [VH-NG-206]; BMBF [05HS6VH1]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation [RUS1066839 GSA]; joint Helmholtz Foundation and RFBR [HRJRG-002]; Russian Agency for Atomic Energy, ISTC [3090]; Russian Grants [SS-1329.2008.2, RFBR0402/17307a]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science; CRI(MST) of MOST/KOSEF in Korea; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [AV0 Z3407391, AV0 Z10100502, LC527]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [202/05/0653]; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK FX We would like to thank the technicians and the engineers who contributed to the design and construction of the prototypes, including U.Cornett, G.Falley, K.Gadow, P.Gottlicher, S.Karstensen and P.Smirnov. We also gratefully acknowledge the DESY and CERN managements for their support and hospitality, and their accelerator staff for the reliable and efficient beam operation. We would like to thank the HEP group of the University of Tsukuba for the loan of drift chambers for the DESY test beam. The authors would like to thank the RIMST (Zelenograd) group for their help and sensors manufacturing. This work was supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; by the Helm holtz-Nachwuchsgruppen grant VH-NG-206; by the BMBF, grant no. 05HS6VH1; by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Research Award IV, RUS1066839 GSA); by joint Helmholtz Foundation and RFBR grant HRJRG-002, Russian Agency for Atomic Energy, ISTC grant 3090; by Russian Grants SS-1329.2008.2 and RFBR0402/17307a and by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science; by CRI(MST) of MOST/KOSEF in Korea; by the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation; by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the projects AV0 Z3407391, AV0 Z10100502, LC527 and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under the project 202/05/0653; and by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 AR P08001 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/P08001 PG 36 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 343SR UT WOS:000258875900001 ER PT J AU Harel, E Pines, A AF Harel, Elad Pines, Alex TI Spectrally resolved flow imaging of fluids inside a microfluidic chip with ultrahigh time resolution SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance; imaging; microfluidics; lab-on-chip; flow; microcoil; remote detection; ultrahigh time resolution; dispersion; mixing; chromatography ID REMOTE-DETECTION NMR; MRI; MICROCHANNEL; PROBES AB Microfluidics has advanced to become a complete lab-on-a-chip platform with applications across Many disciplines of scientific research. While optical techniques are primarily used as modes of detection, magnetic resonance (MR) is emerging as a potentially powerful and complementary tool because of its non-invasive operation and analytical fidelity. Two prevailing limitations Currently inhibit MR techniques on microfluidic devices: poor sensitivity and the relatively slow time scale of dynamics that can be probed. it is commonly assumed that the time scale of observation of one variable limits the certainty with which one can measure the complementary variable. For example, short observation times imply poor spectral resolution. In this article, we demonstrate a new methodology that overcomes this fundamental limit, allowing in principle for arbitrarily high temporal resolution with a sensitivity across the entire microfluidic device several Orders of magnitude greater than is possible by direct MR measurement. The enhancement is evidenced by recording chemically resolved fluid mixing through a complex 3D microfluidic device at 500 frames per second, the highest recorded in a magnetic resonance imaging experiment. The key to this development is combining remote detection with a time 'slicing' of its spatially encoded counterpart. Remote detection circumvents the problem of insensitive direct MR detection on a microfluidic device where the direct sensitivity is less than 10(-5) relative to traditional NMR, while the time slicing eliminates the constraints of the limited observation time by converting the time variable into a spatial variable through the use of magnetic field gradients. This method has implications for observing fast processes, Such as fluid mixing, rapid binding, and certain classes of chemical reactions with sub millisecond time resolution and as a new modality for on-chip chromatography. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Harel, Elad; Pines, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harel, Elad; Pines, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harel, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elharel@berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.04.037 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 336IN UT WOS:000258357600005 PM 18538599 ER PT J AU Wiench, JW Lin, VSY Pruski, M AF Wiench, J. W. Lin, V. S. -Y. Pruski, M. TI Si-29 NMR in solid state with CPMG acquisition under MAS SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE solid-state NMR; Si-29 NMR; CPMG acquisition; J-coupling; MAS; HETCOR ID PURCELL-MEIBOOM-GILL; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICAS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT CORRELATIONS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-POLARIZATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; RELAXATION-TIMES AB A remarkable enhancement of sensitivity can be often achieved in Si-29 solid-state NMR by applying the well-known Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) train of rotor-synchronized pi pulses during the detection of silicon magnetization. Here, several one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) techniques are used to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach. Examples include 1D Si-29{X} CPMAS spectra and 2D Si-29{X} HETCOR spectra of mesoporous silicas, zeolites and minerals, where X = H-1 or Al-27. Data processing methods, experimental strategies and sensitivity limits are discussed and illustrated by experiments. The mechanisms of transverse dephasing i nuclei in solids are analyzed. Fast magic angle spinning, at rates between 25 and 40 kHz, is instrumental in achieving the highest sensitivity gain in some of these experiments. In the case of Si-29-Si-29 double-quantum techniques, CPMG detection can be exploited to measure homonuclear J-couplings. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, V. S. -Y.; Pruski, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wiench, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu NR 82 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.05.007 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 336IN UT WOS:000258357600010 PM 18538601 ER PT J AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW AF Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. TI Improving process control in electron beam welding using the enhanced modified Faraday cup SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE enhanced modified Faraday cup; electron beam diagnostics; process control; power density distribution; beam focus control ID POWER-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION AB Process control in electron beam welding is typically based on control of machine settings, such as accelerating voltage, beam current, focus coil current, and vacuum level. These settings, though important, provide little insight into the characteristics of the beam used to make the weld. With the enhanced modified Faraday cup (EMFC) diagnostic tool, these beam characteristics, including the peak power density, full width at half maximum, and full width at 1/e(2) values, can be quantified. The use of this diagnostic tool in an extended production run at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is described. Results show that machine performance, in terms of these measured beam characteristics, varies over time when the EMFC is not used to adjust the machine settings. Testing has shown that the variability of the beam characteristics can be measurably decreased with the use of the EMFC diagnostic tool. With the implementation of this diagnostic tool in the process control procedures, every electron beam weld, which encompassed approximately 90 welds over an 18 month time frame, met all of the requirements defined in the weld process specification and passed all of the postweld quality control checks. The results also show that variations in each of the measured beam parameters can be controlled at levels below +/- 2.2%, which is smaller than the 5% tolerance band suggested by ASME for other welding parameters. Such an enhanced level of control allows product throughput to be increased by decreasing the number of rejected parts through the elimination of unexpected variations in beam characteristics. The benefits of integrating this diagnostic tool into future process control regimes are also discussed. C1 [Palmer, T. A.; Elmer, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 041008 DI 10.1115/1.2950061 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 329OT UT WOS:000257878200008 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Levin, I Ritter, J Cook, LP Liu, G Otani, M Vaudin, M Lucas, C Diwanji, SP Feenstra, R AF Wong-Ng, W. Levin, I. Ritter, J. Cook, L. P. Liu, G. Otani, M. Vaudin, M. Lucas, C. Diwanji, S. P. Feenstra, R. TI Phase evolution in Ba-(Nd,Eu,Gd)-Cu-O-coated conductor films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE-FREE CONDITIONS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PO(2)=100 PA; P(O2)=100 PA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; T=810-DEGREES-C; DEPOSITION; SYSTEMS; PROGRESS; KPA AB Phases that are in equilibrium with BaR2CuO6+x (R = lanthanides and Y), such as the "green-phase" and "brown-phase" structural variants of BaR2CuO5 in bulk samples, are attractive choices for flux-pinning for coated conductor applications because of the guaranteed chemical stability. In films, high-temperature x-ray diffraction studies of Ba2RCu3O6+x superconductor deposited on SrTiO3 substrate using the trifluoroacetate solution method demonstrate that while BaNd2CuO5 ("brown-phase" structure) develops at 735 degrees C and 100 Pa (pO2), neither BaGd2CuO5 nor Ba(Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)(2)CuO5 (both green-phase structure) form at these conditions. As a result, Ba-2(Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)Cu3O6+x in thin films is in equilibrium with the brown-phase, and Ba2GdCu3O6+x is in equilibrium with Gd2O3 in the Ba-Gd-Cu-O system, in contrast to the bulk systems. Different phase relationships in the vicinity of the Ba2RCu3O6+x phase imply different phases are available for flux-pinning applications. These differences will need to be considered carefully in designing optimized superconducting coated conductors. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Levin, I.; Ritter, J.; Cook, L. P.; Liu, G.; Otani, M.; Vaudin, M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lucas, C.; Diwanji, S. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Feenstra, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2067 EP 2071 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0273 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 334SG UT WOS:000258240900004 ER PT J AU White, D Zhao, X Besser, MF Tan, X AF White, D. Zhao, X. Besser, M. F. Tan, X. TI Structure and properties of (1-x)Pb(Mg(1/2)W(1/2))O(3)-xPb(Zr(0.5)Ti(0.5))O(3) solid solution ceramics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; PEROVSKITE PB2MGWO6; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FERROELECTRICS; PB(MG1/2W1/2)O3; RELAXORS; ORDER AB The widely used piezoelectric Pb(Zr(1-x) Ti (x) )O(3) ceramics have been known to have Zr(4+) and Ti(4+) randomly distributed on the B-site lattice in the ABO(3) perovskite structure. In this study, we attempted to develop long range 1:1 B-site cation order by forming the solid solution of (1 - x)Pb(Mg(1/2)W(1/2))O(3) - xPb(Zr(0.5)Ti(0.5))O(3) (x >= 0.60). High temperature X-ray diffraction tests indicate that the cation order is embedded in the structural order. The solid solution ceramics appear to have a non-cubic paraelectric phase above their Curie temperatures. The competition between the antiferroelectric order in Pb(Mg(1/2)W(1/2))O(3) and the ferroelectric order in Pb(Zr(0.5)Ti(0.5))O(3) leads to the relaxor ferroelectric behavior in the solid solution. Since the temperature at dielectric maximum, T(m), is significantly above room temperature, regular polarization versus electric field hysteresis loops are recorded in these compositions at room temperature. In addition, these ceramics show very good piezoelectric properties. C1 [White, D.; Zhao, X.; Tan, X.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Besser, M. F.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tan, X (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xtan@iastate.edu RI Tan, Xiaoli/C-3376-2013 OI Tan, Xiaoli/0000-0002-4182-663X NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5258 EP 5264 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2772-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 327TI UT WOS:000257751000027 ER PT J AU Kuntzen, T Berical, A Ndjomou, J Bennett, P Schneidewind, A Lennon, N Birren, BW Kuiken, C Henn, MR Simmonds, P Allen, TM AF Kuntzen, Thomas Berical, Andrew Ndjomou, Jean Bennett, Phil Schneidewind, Arne Lennon, Niall Birren, Bruce W. Kuiken, Carla Henn, Matthew R. Simmonds, Peter Allen, Todd M. TI A set of reference sequences for the hepatitis C genotypes 4d, 4f, and 4k covering the full open reading frame SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; subtype; long template PCR ID ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; SENSITIVITY-DETERMINING REGION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INTERFERON THERAPY; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; COMBINATION THERAPY; INITIAL TREATMENT; ST-PETERSBURG; 1B INFECTION AB Infection with genotype 4 of the Hepatitis C virus is common in Africa and the Mediterranean area, but has also been found at increasing frequencies in injection drug users in Europe and North America. Full length viral sequences to characterize viral diversity and structure have recently become available mostly for subtype 4a, and studies in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, where high proportions of subtype 4a infected patients exist, have begun to establish optimized treatment regimens. However knowledge about other subtype variants of genotype 4 present in less developed African states is lacking. In this study the full coding region from so far poorly characterized variants of HCV genotype 4 was amplified and sequenced using a long range PCR technique. Sequences were analyzed with respect to phylogenetic relationship, possible recombination and prominent sequence characteristics compared to other known HCV strains. We present for the first time two full-length sequences from the HCV genotype 4k, in addition to five strains from HCV genotypes 4d and 4f. Reference sequences for accurate HCV genotyping are required for optimized treatment, and a better knowledge of the global viral sequence diversity is needed to guide vaccines or new drugs effective in the world wide epidemic. C1 [Kuntzen, Thomas; Berical, Andrew; Schneidewind, Arne; Allen, Todd M.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ndjomou, Jean] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Bennett, Phil] Univ Warwick Sci Pk, Micropathol Ltd, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Lennon, Niall; Birren, Bruce W.; Henn, Matthew R.] Massachusetts Inst Technol & Harvard, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kuiken, Carla] Los Alamos Natl Lab, HCV Database, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Simmonds, Peter] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Infect Dis, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Kuntzen, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM t.kuntzen@gmx.de RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI067926, HHSN266200400001C, R01 AI067926-01, R01-AI067926-01]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200400001C] NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1370 EP 1378 DI 10.1002/jmv.21240 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 319NN UT WOS:000257170800009 PM 18551618 ER PT J AU Wunschel, DS Colburn, HA Fox, A Fox, KF Harley, WM Wahl, JH Wahl, KL AF Wunschel, David S. Colburn, Heather A. Fox, Alvin Fox, Karen F. Harley, William M. Wahl, Jon H. Wahl, Karen L. TI Detection of agar, by analysis of sugar markers, associated with Bacillus anthracis spores, after culture SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE agar carbohydrates; Bacillus anthracis; microbial forensics; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MURAMIC ACID; CARBOHYDRATE PROFILES; RED SEAWEED; 3,6-ANHYDROGALACTOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; CARRAGEENANS AB Detection of small quantities of agar associated with spores of Bacillus anthracis could provide key information regarding its source or growth characteristics. Agar, widely used in growth of bacteria on solid surfaces, consists primarily of repeating polysaccharide units of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (AGal) and galactose (Gal) with sulfated and O-methylated galactoses present as minor constituents. Two variants of the alditol acetate procedure were evaluated for detection of potential agar markers associated with spores. The first method employed a reductive hydrolysis step, to stabilize labile anhydrogalactose, by converting to anhydrogalactitol. The second eliminated the reductive hydrolysis step simplifying the procedure. Anhydrogalactitol, derived from agar, was detected using both derivatization methods followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. However, challenges with artifactual background (reductive hydrolysis) or marker destruction (hydrolysis) respectively lead to the use of an alternative agar marker. A minor agar component, 6-O-methyl galactose (6-O-M gal), was readily detected in agar-grown but not broth-grown bacteria. Detection was optimized by the use of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). With appropriate choice of sugar marker and analytical procedure, detection of sugar markers for agar has considerable potential in microbial forensics. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wunschel, David S.; Colburn, Heather A.; Wahl, Jon H.; Wahl, Karen L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fox, Alvin; Fox, Karen F.; Harley, William M.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Wunschel, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM David.Wunschel@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2-3 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.04.003 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 326AL UT WOS:000257630200001 PM 18538426 ER PT J AU Zhou, YZ Larson, JD Bottoms, CA Arturo, EC Henzl, MT Jenkins, JL Nix, JC Becker, DF Tanner, JJ AF Zhou, Yuzhen Larson, John D. Bottoms, Christopher A. Arturo, Emilia C. Henzl, Michael T. Jenkins, Jermaine L. Nix, Jay C. Becker, Donald F. Tanner, John J. TI Structural basis of the transcriptional regulation of the proline utilization regulon by multifunctional PutA SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proline utilization A; X-ray crystallography; isothermal titration calorimetry; ribbon-helix-helix; proline catabolism ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; FLAVIN REDOX STATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DEHYDROGENASE DOMAIN; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OPERATOR COMPLEX; GENE-PRODUCT AB The multifunctional Escherichia coli proline utilization A (PutA) flavoprotein functions both as a membrane-associated proline catabolic enzyme and as a transcriptional repressor of the proline utilization genes putA and putP. To better understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by PutA, we have mapped the put-regulatory region, determined a crystal structure of the PutA ribbon-hehx-helix domain (PutA52, a polypeptide corresponding to residues 1-52 of E. coli PutA) complexed with DNA, and examined the thermodynamics of DNA binding to PutA52. Five operator sites, each containing the sequence motif 5'-GTTGCA-3, were identified using gel-shift analysis. Three of the sites are shown to be critical for repression of putA, whereas the two other sites are important for repression of putP. The 2.25-angstrom-resolution crystal structure of PutA52 bound to one of the operators (operator 2; 21 bp) shows that the protein contacts a 9-bp fragment corresponding to the GTTGCA consensus motif plus three flanking base pairs. Since the operator sequences differ in flanking bases, the structure implies that PutA may have different affinities for the five operators. This hypothesis was explored using isothermal titration calorimetry. The binding of PutA52 to operator 2 is exothermic, with an enthalpy of -1.8 kcal/mol and a dissociation constant of 210 nM. Substitution of the flanking bases of operator 4 into operator 2 results in an unfavorable enthalpy of 0.2 kcal/mol and a 15-fold-lower affinity, showing that base pairs outside of the consensus motif impact binding. Structural and thermodynamic data suggest that hydrogen bonds between Lys9 and bases adjacent to the GTTGCA motif contribute to transcriptional regulation by fine-tuning the affinity of PutA for put control operators. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhou, Yuzhen; Becker, Donald F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Larson, John D.; Arturo, Emilia C.; Tanner, John J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bottoms, Christopher A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Henzl, Michael T.; Jenkins, Jermaine L.; Tanner, John J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nix, Jay C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Biol Consortium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Becker, DF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dbecker3@unl.edu; tannerjj@missouri.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-017675-02, P20 RR017675]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM061068, GM065546, R01 GM061068, R01 GM061068-07, R01 GM065546, R01 GM065546-04]; NLM NIH HHS [2-T15-LM07089-14, T15 LM007089] NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 381 IS 1 BP 174 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.084 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 334BO UT WOS:000258197500015 PM 18586269 ER PT J AU Koebel, MM Jones, LC Somorjai, GA AF Koebel, Matthias M. Jones, Louis C. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Preparation of size-tunable, highly monodisperse PVP-protected Pt-nanoparticles by seed-mediated growth SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE platinum; nanoparticle; synthesis; size-control; shape-control; poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP); polyol method; seed; growth; catalysis; colloids ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; SHAPE; REDUCTION; NANOWIRES; CATALYSTS; MECHANISM; SILICA; PHASE AB We demonstrate a preparative method which produces highly monodisperse Pt-nanoparticles of tunable size without the external addition of seed particles. Hexachloroplatinic acid is dosed slowly to an ethylene glycol solution at 120 degrees C and reduced in the presence of a stabilizing polymer poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Slow addition of the Pt-salt will first lead to the formation of nuclei (seeds) which then grow further to produce larger particles of any desired size between 3 and 8 nm. The amount of added hexachloroplatinic acid precursor controls the size of the final nanoparticle product. TEM was used to determine size and morphology and to confirm the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Good reproducibility of the technique was demonstrated. Above 7 nm, the particle shape and morphology changes suddenly indicating a change in the deposition selectivity of the Pt-precursor from (100) towards (111) crystal faces and breaking up of larger particles into smaller entities. C1 [Koebel, Matthias M.; Jones, Louis C.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koebel, Matthias M.; Jones, Louis C.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Somorjai@berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1069 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9370-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 315WW UT WOS:000256911900017 ER PT J AU Schumann, J Alexandrovich, GA Biegon, A Yaka, R AF Schumann, Johanna Alexandrovich, G. Alexander Biegon, Anat Yaka, Rami TI Inhibition of NR2B phosphorylation restores alterations in NMDA receptor expression and improves functional recovery following traumatic brain injury in mice SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE closed head injury; MAPK; NMDA receptor; NR2B; tyrosine phosphorylation ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; INCREASES TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSIENT GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITIES; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; RAT-BRAIN AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a massive glutamate efflux, hyperactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and neuronal cell death. Previously it was demonstrated that, 15 min following experimentally induced closed head injury (CHI), the density of activated NMDARs increases in the hippocampus, and decreases in the cortex at the impact site. Here we show that CHI-induced alterations in activated NMDARs correlate with changes in the expression levels of the major NMDARs subunits. In the hippocampus, the expression of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits as well as the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) were increased, while in the cortex at the impact site, we found a decrease in the expression of these subunits. We demonstrate that CHI-induced increase in the expression of NMDAR subunits and GluR1 in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex, is associated with an increase in NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of NR2B-phosphorylation by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 restores the expression of this subunit to its normal levels. Finally, a single injection of PP2, prior to the induction of CHI, resulted in a significant improvement in long-term recovery of motor functions observed in CHI mice. These results provide a new mechanism by which acute trauma contributes to the development of secondary damage and functional deficits in the brain, and suggests a possible role for Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors as preoperative therapy for planned neurosurgical procedures. C1 [Schumann, Johanna; Alexandrovich, G. Alexander; Yaka, Rami] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Biegon, Anat] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yaka, R (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM yaka@md.huji.ac.il FU Israel Science Foundation [292/05]; Ministry of Health [6029-6]; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS 050285-01 A2] FX We thank Prof. Esther Shohami for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 292/05 R.Y.), Ministry of Health (grant no. 6029-6 R.Y.), and the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01 NS 050285-01 A2, to A.B.). NR 76 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 945 EP 957 DI 10.1089/neu.2008.0521 PG 13 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 343ZT UT WOS:000258895700001 PM 18721106 ER PT J AU Koppisch, AT Hotta, K Fox, DT Ruggiero, CE Kim, CY Sanchez, T Iyer, S Browder, CC Unkefer, PJ Unkefer, CJ AF Koppisch, Andrew T. Hotta, Kinya Fox, David T. Ruggiero, Christy E. Kim, Chu-Young Sanchez, Timothy Iyer, Srinivas Browder, Cindy C. Unkefer, Pat J. Unkefer, Clifford J. TI Biosynthesis of the 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate moieties of petrobactin by Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM MARINOBACTER-HYDROCARBONOCLASTICUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SIDEROPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS; P-HYDROXYBENZOATE; GALLIC ACID; PATHWAY; GROWTH; 3-DEHYDROQUINATE; DEHYDRATASE; MACROPHAGES AB The biosynthesis of the 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate moieties of the siderophore petrobactin, produced by B. anthracis str. Sterne, was probed by isotopic feeding experiments in iron-deficient media with a mixture of unlabeled and D-[(13)C(6)]glucose at a ratio,of 5:1 (w/w). After isolation of the labeled siderophore, analysis of the isotopomers was conducted via one-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, as well as (13)C-(13)C DQFCOSY spectroscopy. Isotopic enrichment and (13)C-(13)C coupling constants in the aromatic ring of the isolated siderophore suggested the predominant route for the construction of the carbon backbone of 3,4-DHB (1) involved phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate as ultimate precursors. This observation is consistent with that expected if the shikimate pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of these moieties. Enrichment attributable to phosphoenol pyruvate precursors was observed at C1 and C6 of the aromatic ring, as well as into the carboxylate group, while scrambling of the label into C2 was not. This pattern suggests I was biosynthesized from early intermediates of the shikimate pathway and not through later shikimate intermediates or aromatic amino acid precursors. C1 [Koppisch, Andrew T.; Fox, David T.; Ruggiero, Christy E.; Sanchez, Timothy; Unkefer, Pat J.; Unkefer, Clifford J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koppisch, Andrew T.; Browder, Cindy C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Koppisch, Andrew T.; Browder, Cindy C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hotta, Kinya; Kim, Chu-Young] Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. RP Koppisch, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM koppisch@lanl.gov; cju@lanl.gov RI Hotta, Kinya/A-2574-2009; Kim, Chu-Young/D-8849-2012; Browder, Cindy/F-4700-2017; OI Hotta, Kinya/0000-0002-9427-0081; Kim, Chu-Young/0000-0003-3744-7802; Sanchez, Timothy/0000-0001-8952-4414 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 15 BP 5759 EP 5765 DI 10.1021/jo800427f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 330OV UT WOS:000257953600010 PM 18582113 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Molinari, NA Grosse, SD Honein, MA Correa-Villasenor, A AF Boulet, Sheree L. Molinari, Noelle-Angelique Grosse, Scott D. Honein, Margaret A. Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo TI Health care expenditures for infants and young children with Down syndrome in a privately insured population SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; SURVIVAL; ATLANTA; COSTS AB Objective To use health care insurance claims data from a privately insured population to estimate health care use and expenditures for infants and children aged 0 to 4 years with Down syndrome. Study design Data from the 2004 Medstat MarketScan database were used to estimate medical care use and expenditures related to inpatient admissions, outpatient services, and prescription drug claims for children with and those without Down syndrome. Costs were further stratified by the presence or absence of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Results The mean medical costs for infants and children with Down syndrome were $36 384 during 2004; median medical costs were $11 164. Mean and median medical costs for children 0 to 4 years of age with Down syndrome were 12 to 13 times higher than for children without Down syndrome. For infants with Down syndrome and CHDs, mean and median costs were 5 to 7 times higher than for infants with Down syndrome who did not have CHDs. Conclusions These findings may facilitate future assessments of the effect of the Down syndrome on the health care system. C1 [Boulet, Sheree L.; Molinari, Noelle-Angelique; Grosse, Scott D.; Honein, Margaret A.; Correa-Villasenor, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Boulet, Sheree L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 153 IS 2 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.016 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 335DD UT WOS:000258270100023 PM 18534234 ER PT J AU Chapman, KL Kelly, JW Lee, R Goodwin, EH Kadhim, MA AF Chapman, Kim L. Kelly, James W. Lee, Ryonfa Goodwin, Edwin H. Kadhim, Munira A. TI Tracking genomic instability within irradiated and bystander populations SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MEDIATED INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; INFLAMMATORY-TYPE RESPONSES; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; ALPHA-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IONIZING-RADIATION AB Over the past two decades, our understanding of radiation biology has undergone a fundamental shift in paradigms away from deterministic 'hit-effect' relationships and towards complex ongoing,cellular responses'. These responses include now familiar, but still poorly understood, phenomena associated with radiation exposure such as genomic instability and bystander effects. Although these responses share some common features (e.g. they occur at high frequency following very low doses, are heterogeneous in their induction and are observed at time points far removed from the initial radiation exposure), the precise relationship between genomic instability and bystander effects remains to be elucidated. This review will provide a synthesis of the known, and proposed, interrelationships among irradiated and bystander cellular responses to radiation. It also discusses our current experimental approach for gaining a clearer understanding of the relationship between damage induction and long-term effects in both irradiated and bystander cells. C1 [Chapman, Kim L.; Kelly, James W.; Kadhim, Munira A.] Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Life Sci, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Lee, Ryonfa] GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Goodwin, Edwin H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadhim, MA (reprint author), Oxford Brookes Univ, Sch Life Sci, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. EM m.kadhim@har.mrc.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council NR 86 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHARMACEUTICAL PRESS-ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOC GREAT BRITIAN PI LONDON PA 1 LAMBETH HIGH ST, LONDON SE1 7JN, ENGLAND SN 0022-3573 J9 J PHARM PHARMACOL JI J. Pharm. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 60 IS 8 BP 959 EP 968 DI 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0003 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 328YT UT WOS:000257834800003 PM 18644189 ER PT J AU Nam, KW Kim, KH Lee, ES Yoon, WS Yang, XQ Ki, KB AF Nam, Kyung-Wan Kim, Kwang-Heon Lee, Eun-Sung Yoon, Won-Sub Yang, Xiao-Qing Ki, Kwang-Bum TI Pseudocapacitive properties of electrochemically prepared nickel oxides on 3-dimensional carbon nanotube film substrates SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Degradation Issues in Fuel Cells CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Crete, GREECE DE electrochemical capacitor; supercapacitor; nanocomposite ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM; MANGANESE OXIDE; VANADIUM-OXIDE; POROUS NICKEL; THIN-FILM; ACTIVATED CARBON; CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; SUPERCAPACITORS AB Nickel oxides on carbon nanotube electrodes (NiOx/CNT electrodes) are prepared by depositing Ni(OH)(2) electrochemically onto carbon nanotube (CNT) film substrates with subsequent heating to 300 degrees C. Compared with the as deposited Ni(OH)(2) on CNT film substrates (Ni(OH)(2)/CNT electrodes), the 300 degrees C heat treated electrode shows much high rate capability, which makes it suitable as an electrode in supercapacitor applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the pseudocapacitance of the NiOx/CNT electrodes in a 1 M KOH solution originates from redox reactions of NiOx/NiOxOH and Ni(OH)(2)/NiOOH. The 8.9 wt.% NiOx in the NiOx/CNT electrode shows a NiOx-normalized specific capacitance of 1701 Fg(-1) with excellent high rate capability due to the 3-dimensional nanoporous network structure with an extremely thin NiOx layer on the CNT film substrate. On the other hand, the 36.6 wt.% NiOx/CNT electrode has a maximum geometric and volumetric capacitance of 127 mF cm(-2) and 254 F cc(-1), respectively, with a specific capacitance of 671 F g(-1), which is much lower than that of the 8.9% NiOx electrode. This decrease in specific capacitance of the high wt.% NiOx/CNT electrodes can be attributed to the dead volume of the oxides, high equivalent series resistance for a heavier deposit, and the ineffective ionic transportation caused by the destruction of the 3-dimensional network structure. Deconvolution analysis of the cyclic voltammograms reveals that the rate capability of the NiOx/CNT electrodes is adversely affected by the redox reaction of Ni(OH)(2), while the adverse effects from the reaction of NiOx is insignificant. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Kim, Kwang-Heon; Lee, Eun-Sung; Ki, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yoon, Won-Sub; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ki, KB (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 NR 37 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 8 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 182 IS 2 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.090 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 325OZ UT WOS:000257599500036 ER PT J AU Taylor, N Minnebo, P Bass, BR Siegele, D Wallin, K Kytka, M Wintle, J AF Taylor, N. Minnebo, P. Bass, B. R. Siegele, D. Wallin, K. Kytka, M. Wintle, J. TI Use of master curve technology for assessing shallow flaws in a reactor pressure vessel material SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 23-27, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB In the NESC-IV project, an experimental/analytical program was performed to develop validated analysis methods for transferring fracture toughness data to shallow flaws in reactor pressure vessels subject to biaxial loading in the lower-transition temperature region. Within this scope, an extensive range of fracture tests was performed on material removed from a production-quality reactor pressure vessel. The master curve analysis of these data is reported and its application to the assessment of the project feature tests on large beam test pieces is discussed. C1 [Taylor, N.; Minnebo, P.] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Bass, B. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Siegele, D.] Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoffmech, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Wallin, K.] VTT, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. [Kytka, M.] NRI Rez Plc, Husinec Rez, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Wintle, J.] TWI Ltd, Great Abington CB1 6AL, England. RP Taylor, N (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, POB 2, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. EM nigel.taylor@ec.europa.eu; philip.minnebo@jrc.nl; bassbr@ornl.gov; dieter.siegele@iwm.fraunhofer.de; kim.wallin@vtt.fi; kyt@ujv.cz; john.wintle@twi.co.uk NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 AR 031407 DI 10.1115/1.2937742 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 336AC UT WOS:000258335700022 ER PT J AU Petyuk, VA Qian, WJ Hinault, C Gritsenko, MA Singhal, M Monroe, ME Camp, DG Kulkarni, RN Smith, RD AF Petyuk, Vladislav A. Qian, Wei-Jun Hinault, Charlotte Gritsenko, Marina A. Singhal, Mudita Monroe, Matthew E. Camp, David G., II Kulkarni, Rohit N. Smith, Richard D. TI Characterization of the mouse pancreatic islet proteome and comparative analysis with other mouse tissues SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LC-MS/MS; pancreatic islets; proteomics; diabetes; mouse model; mass spectrometry; interaction network ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CELL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; INTERACTION NETWORKS; MESSENGER-RNA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EXPRESSION; PEPTIDE AB The pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and especially the insulin-producing beta cells, play a central role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Alterations in the expression of multiple proteins in the islets that contribute to the maintenance of islet function are likely to underlie the pathogenesis of types 1 and 2 diabetes. To identify proteins that constitute the islet proteome, we provide the first comprehensive proteomic characterization of pancreatic islets for mouse, the most commonly used animal model in diabetes research. Using strong cation exchange fractionation coupled with reversed phase LC-MS/MS we report the confident identification of 17 350 different tryptic peptides covering 2612 proteins having at least two unique peptides per protein. The data set also identified similar to 60 post-translationally modified peptides including oxidative modifications and phosphorylation. While many of the identified phosphorylation sites corroborate those previously known, the oxidative modifications observed on cysteinyl residues reveal potentially novel information suggesting a role for oxidative stress in islet function. Comparative analysis with 15 available proteomic data sets from other mouse tissues and cells revealed a set of 133 proteins predominantly expressed in pancreatic islets. This unique set of proteins, in addition to those with known functions such as peptide hormones secreted from the islets, contains several proteins with as yet unknown functions. The mouse islet protein and peptide database accessible at http://ncrr.pnl.gov, provides an important reference resource for the research community to facilitate research in the diabetes and metabolism fields. C1 [Hinault, Charlotte; Kulkarni, Rohit N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Div Cell & Mol Physiol,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Singhal, Mudita] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kulkarni, RN (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Div Cell & Mol Physiol,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Rohit.Kulkarni@joslin.harvard.edu; rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Petyuk, Vladislav/0000-0003-4076-151X; hinault, charlotte/0000-0002-3588-039X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 018522, P41 RR018522-06, P41 RR018522]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 67536, R01 DK067536, R01 DK074795] NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3114 EP 3126 DI 10.1021/pr800205b PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 334CR UT WOS:000258200400006 PM 18570455 ER PT J AU Lopez-Ferrer, D Petritis, K Hixson, KK Heibeck, TH Moore, RJ Belov, ME Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel Petritis, Konstantinos Hixson, Kim K. Heibeck, Tyler H. Moore, Ronald J. Belov, Mikhail E. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. TI Application of pressurized solvents for ultrafast trypsin hydrolysis in proteomics: Proteomics on the fly SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; trypsin digestion; pressure cycling technology; bottom-up proteomics ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; CYCLING TECHNOLOGY; SAMPLE PREPARATION; DRUG DISCOVERY; DIGESTION; ULTRASOUND; SYSTEMS; YEAST AB A new method for rapid proteolytic digestion of proteins under high pressure that uses pressure cycling technology in the range of 5-35 kpsi was demonstrated for proteomic analysis. Successful in-solution digestions of single proteins and complex protein mixtures were achieved in 60 s and then analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap-mass spectrometry. Method performance in terms of the number of Shewanella oneidensis peptides and proteins identified in a shotgun approach was evaluated relative to a traditional "overnight" sample preparation method. Advantages of the new method include greatly simplified sample processing, easy implementation, no cross contamination among samples, and cost effectiveness. C1 [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel; Petritis, Konstantinos; Heibeck, Tyler H.; Moore, Ronald J.; Belov, Mikhail E.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hixson, Kim K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA 12619-01, R33 CA126191, R33 CA126191-02]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-06, RR 018522] NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3276 EP 3281 DI 10.1021/pr7008077 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 334CR UT WOS:000258200400018 PM 18605748 ER PT J AU Pelletier, DA Hurst, GB Foote, LJ Lankford, PK McKeown, CK Lu, TY Schmoyer, DD Shah, MB Hervey, WJ McDonald, WH Hooker, BS Cannon, WR Daly, DS Gilmore, JM Wiley, HS Auberry, DL Wang, YS Larimer, FW Kennel, SJ Doktycz, MJ Morrell-Falvey, JL Owens, ET Buchanan, MV AF Pelletier, Dale A. Hurst, Gregory B. Foote, Linda J. Lankford, Patricia K. McKeown, Catherine K. Lu, Tse-Yuan Schmoyer, Denise D. Shah, Manesh B. Hervey, W. Judson McDonald, W. Hayes Hooker, Brian S. Cannon, William R. Daly, Don S. Gilmore, Jason M. Wiley, H. Steven Auberry, Deanna L. Wang, Yisong Larimer, Frank W. Kennel, Stephen J. Doktycz, Mitchel J. Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L. Owens, Elizabeth T. Buchanan, Michelle V. TI A general system for studying protein-protein interactions in gram-negative bacteria SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE protein interactions; protein complexes; RNA polymerase; affinity purification; mass spectrometry ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; INTERACTION NETWORKS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; RNA-POLYMERASE; COMPLEXES; IDENTIFICATION AB One of the most promising methods for large-scale studies of protein interactions is isolation of an affinity-tagged protein with its in vivo interaction partners, followed by mass spectrometric identification of the copurified proteins. Previous studies have generated affinity-tagged proteins using genetic tools or cloning systems that are specific to a particular organism. To enable protein-protein interaction studies across a wider range of Gram-negative bacteria, we have developed a methodology based on expression of affinity-tagged "bait" proteins from a medium copy-number plasmid. This construct is based on a broad-host-range vector backbone (pBBR1MCS5). The vector has been modified to incorporate the Gateway DEST vector recombination region, to facilitate cloning and expression of fusion proteins bearing a variety of affinity, fluorescent, or other tags. We demonstrate this methodology by characterizing interactions among subunits of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex in two metabolically versatile Gram-negative microbial species of environmental interest, Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA010 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Results compared favorably with those for both plasmid and chromosomally encoded affinity-tagged fusion proteins expressed in a model organism, Escherichia coli. C1 [Pelletier, Dale A.; Foote, Linda J.; Lankford, Patricia K.; McKeown, Catherine K.; Lu, Tse-Yuan; Shah, Manesh B.; Wang, Yisong; Larimer, Frank W.; Kennel, Stephen J.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L.; Owens, Elizabeth T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hurst, Gregory B.; Hervey, W. Judson; McDonald, W. Hayes] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schmoyer, Denise D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Buchanan, Michelle V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hooker, Brian S.; Auberry, Deanna L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cannon, William R.; Daly, Don S.; Gilmore, Jason M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wiley, H. Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hervey, W. Judson] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Pelletier, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pelletierda@ornl.gov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/A-6615-2011; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016; OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/0000-0002-9362-7528; Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X; Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867; Hooker, Brian/0000-0003-2010-1899 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3319 EP 3328 DI 10.1021/pr8001832 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 334CR UT WOS:000258200400023 PM 18590317 ER PT J AU Katzen, F Fletcher, JE Yang, JP Kang, D Peterson, TC Cappuccio, JA Blanchette, CD Sulchek, T Chromy, BA Hoeprich, PD Coleman, MA Kudlicki, W AF Katzen, Federico Fletcher, Julia E. Yang, Jian-Ping Kang, Douglas Peterson, Todd C. Cappuccio, Jenny A. Blanchette, Craig D. Sulchek, Todd Chromy, Brett A. Hoeprich, Paul D. Coleman, Matthew A. Kudlicki, Wieslaw TI Insertion of membrane proteins into discoidal membranes using a cell-free protein expression approach SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE membrane protein; nanodisc; proteomics; cell-free; protein expression ID MULTIDRUG TRANSPORTER EMRE; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER; PURIFIED COMPONENTS; COUPLED RECEPTORS; LIGAND-BINDING; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; TOPOLOGY; RECONSTITUTION; TRANSLOCATION; LIPOSOMES AB We report a cell-free approach for expressing and inserting integral membrane proteins into water-soluble particles composed of discoidal apolipoprotein-lipid bilayers. Proteins are inserted into the particles, circumventing the need of extracting and reconstituting the product into membrane vesicles. Moreover, the planar nature of the membrane support makes the protein freely accessible from both sides of the lipid bilayer. Complexes are successfully purified by means of the apoplipoprotein component or by the carrier protein. The method significantly enhances the solubility of a variety of membrane proteins with different functional roles and topologies. Analytical assays for a subset of model membrane proteins indicate that proteins are correctly folded and active. The approach provides a platform amenable to high-throughput structural and functional characterization of a variety of traditionally intractable drug targets. C1 [Katzen, Federico; Fletcher, Julia E.; Yang, Jian-Ping; Kang, Douglas; Peterson, Todd C.; Kudlicki, Wieslaw] Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Cappuccio, Jenny A.; Blanchette, Craig D.; Sulchek, Todd; Chromy, Brett A.; Hoeprich, Paul D.; Coleman, Matthew A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kudlicki, W (reprint author), Invitrogen Corp, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM toni.kudlicki@invitrogen.com OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 39 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3535 EP 3542 DI 10.1021/pr800265f PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 334CR UT WOS:000258200400044 PM 18557639 ER PT J AU Dewberry, RA Salaymeh, SR Casella, VR AF Dewberry, R. A. Salaymeh, S. R. Casella, V. R. TI Diverse active well neutron coincidence counter utility at the Savannah River National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB In this paper we describe use of the Aquila active well neutron coincidence counter for nuclear material assays of (235)U in multiple analytical techniques at Savannah River Site (SRS), at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), and at Argonne West National Laboratory (AWNL). The uses include as a portable passive neutron counter for field measurements searching for evidence of (252)Cf deposits and storage; as a portable active neutron counter using an external activation source for field measurements searching for trace (235)U deposits and holdup; for verification measurements of U-Al reactor fuel elements; for verification measurements of uranium metal; and for verification measurements of process waste of impure uranium in a challenging cement matrix. The wide variety of uses described demonstrate utility of the technique for neutron coincidence verification measurements over the dynamic ranges of 100-5000 g for U metal, 200-1300 g for U-Al, and 8-35 g for process waste. In addition to demonstrating use of the instrument in both the passive and active modes, we also demonstrate its use in both the fast and thermal neutron modes. C1 [Dewberry, R. A.; Salaymeh, S. R.; Casella, V. R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Dewberry, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM raymond.dewberry@srnl.doe.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 277 IS 2 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7078-2 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 323QZ UT WOS:000257464000001 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI General disproportionation equations for plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WORK AB Disproportionation equations are illustrated for two oxidation numbers (N) and for the general case of any N. The new method illustrates the effect of N on the coefficients in disproportionation equations. An estimate of the equilibrium constant for the first hydrolysis reaction of tetravalent plutonium is obtained by a new approach. The estimated value agrees with many previous results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 277 IS 2 BP 471 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7085-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 323QZ UT WOS:000257464000024 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Work surface: Hexavalent plutonium vs. pH SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISPROPORTIONATION AB A surface representing the work needed to oxidize trivalent plutonium to the hexavalent state can be described in terms of the pH and the equilibrium fraction of hexavalent plutonium in the solution. The surface has a trough. Its depth and locus depend on the pH and the fraction of the Pu(VI). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 277 IS 2 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7118-y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 323QZ UT WOS:000257464000025 ER PT J AU Gallager, SM Taylor, R Vine, N York, AD Lerner, S Kit-Powell, H Mayer, L Auster, P Hart, D Fogarty, M Prashad, L AF Gallager, Scott M. Taylor, Richard Vine, Norman York, Amber D. Lerner, Steve Kit-Powell, Hauke Mayer, Larry Auster, Peter Hart, Dvora Fogarty, Michael Prashad, Lakshman TI The northeast bentho-pelagic observatory (NEBO) to support sea scallop fisheries and ecosystem approaches to management SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gallager, Scott M.; York, Amber D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mayer, Larry] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Auster, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Hart, Dvora; Fogarty, Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Prashad, Lakshman] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1010 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000125 ER PT J AU Murray, S Jones, K AF Murray, Soren Jones, Keith TI Metal concentrations in tissues and shell of bivalves Crassostrea virginica and Geukensia demissa in NY Hudson River Estuary and long island sound using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Murray, Soren] Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Jones, Keith] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1035 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000217 ER PT J AU Johnson, KE Fingersh, LJ AF Johnson, Kathryn E. Fingersh, Lee Jay TI Adaptive pitch control of variable-speed wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE wind energy; wind turbine control; adaptive pitch control AB The aerodynamic efficiency of a variable-speed wind turbine operating in Region 2, or below-rated wind speeds, is greatly affected by the identification of accurate parameters for the controller. In particular, the power coefficient (C(p)) surface must be well known for optimal efficiency to be achieved with a constant-gain controller. However, adaptive control can overcome the inefficiencies caused by inaccurate knowledge of the C(p) surface. Previous work focused on adaptive torque gain control to cause a variable-speed turbine to operate, on average, at the tip-speed ratio lambda(*) for which the maximum C(p) occurs. This paper considers the effects of adaptive blade pitch angle control on a turbine's aerodynamic efficiency. Computer simulations and tests on a field turbine are used to verify the adaptive pitch control scheme. Simulation and field test results demonstrate that the adaptive pitch controller causes the pitch angle to approach its optimal value. Adaptive pitch control can be used to seek the optimal pitch angle for energy capture in Region 2 operation. Additional field operation is required before a statistically significant improvement in energy capture can be demonstrated. C1 [Johnson, Kathryn E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fingersh, Lee Jay] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, KE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, 1600 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kjohnson@mines.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 AR 031012 DI 10.1115/1.2931505 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328JZ UT WOS:000257796000013 ER PT J AU Gateshki, M Suescun, L Kolesnik, S Mais, J Swierczek, K Short, S Dabrowski, B AF Gateshki, M. Suescun, L. Kolesnik, S. Mais, J. Swierczek, K. Short, S. Dabrowski, B. TI Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of LaNi0.5Fe0.5O3 in the temperature range 5-1000 K SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cells; perovskites; phase transitions ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; GROUP-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DOUBLE PEROVSKITES; CATHODE MATERIAL; LANI1-XFEXO3; PRESSURE; REFINEMENT AB The structure, magnetism, transport and thermal expansion of the perovskite oxide LaNi0.5Fe0.5O3 were studied over a wide range of temperatures. Neutron time-of-flight data have shown that this compound undergoes a first-order phase transition between similar to 275 and similar to 310K. The structure transforms from orthorhombic (Pbnm) at low temperatures to rhombohedral (R (3) over barc) above room temperature. This phase transition is the cause for the previously observed co-existence of phases at room temperature. The main structural modification associated with the phase transition is the change of tilting pattern of the octahedra from a(+)b(-)b(-) at low temperatures to a(-)a(-)a(-) at higher. Magnetic data strongly suggests that a spin-glass magnetic state exists in the sample below 83 K consistent with the absence of magnetic ordering peaks in the neutron data collected at 30K. At high temperatures the sample behaves as a small polaron electronic conductor with two regions of slightly different activation energies of 0.07 and 0.05 eV above and below 553 K, respectively. The dilatometric data show an average thermal expansion coefficient of 14.7 x 10(-6) K-1 which makes this material compatible with frequently used electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Suescun, L.; Swierczek, K.; Short, S.; Dabrowski, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gateshki, M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Kolesnik, S.; Mais, J.; Swierczek, K.; Dabrowski, B.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Dabrowski, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dabrowski@anl.gov RI Suescun, Leopoldo/A-9697-2008; Swierczek, Konrad/S-7666-2016 OI Suescun, Leopoldo/0000-0002-7606-8074; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH 11357]; [NSF-DMR-0706610] FX Work at NIU was supported by the NSF-DMR-0706610 and by the US Department of Transportation. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DEAC02-06CH 11357. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 181 IS 8 BP 1833 EP 1839 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.03.041 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 346VP UT WOS:000259098000019 ER PT J AU Sykora, RE Khalifah, P Assefa, Z Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Haire, RG AF Sykora, Richard E. Khalifah, Peter Assefa, Zerihun Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. Haire, Richard G. TI Magnetism and Raman spectroscopy of the dimeric lanthanide iodates Ln(IO3)(3) (Ln = Gd, Er) and magnetism of Yb(IO3)(3) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gadolinium iodate; erbium iodate; ytterbium iodate; hydrothermal synthesis; single-crystal x-ray diffraction; Raman spectroscopy; magnetic properties ID TRANSITION-METAL IODATES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; RARE-EARTH IODATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-LEVELS; COMPLEXES AB Colorless single crystals of Gd(IO3)(3) or pale pink single crystals of Er(IO3)(3) have been formed from the reaction of Gd metal with H5IO6 or Er metal with H5IO6 under hydrothermal reaction conditions at 180 degrees C. The structures of both materials adopt the Bi(IO3)(3) structure type. Crystallographic data are (MoK alpha, lambda = 0.71073 A): Gd(IO3)(3), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a=8.7615(3)angstrom, b=5.9081(2)angstrom, c = 15.1232(6)angstrom, beta = 96.980(1)degrees, V = 777.03(5) Z = 4, R(F) = 1.68% for 119 parameters with 1930 reflections with I>2 sigma(I); Er(IO3)(3), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a=8.6885(7)angstrom, b=5.9538(5)angstrom, c = 14.9664(12)angstrom, beta = 97.054(1)degrees, V = 768.4(1) Z = 4, R(F) = 2.26% for 119 parameters with 1894 reflections with I>2 sigma(I). In addition to structural studies, Gd(IO3)(3,) Er(IO3)(3,) and the isostructural Yb(IO3)(3) were also characterized by Raman spectroscopy and magnetic property measurements. The results of the Raman studies indicated that the vibrational profiles are adequately sensitive to distinguish between the structures of the iodates reported here and other lanthanide iodate systems. The magnetic measurements indicate that only in Gd(103)3 did the 3+ lanthanide ion exhibit its full 7.9 mu(B) Hund's rule moment; Er3+ and Yb3+ exhibited ground state moments and gap energy scales of 8.3 mu(B)/70K and 3.8 mu(B)/160K, respectively. Er(IO3)(3) exhibited extremely weak ferromagnetic correlations (+0.4K), while the magnetic ions in Gd(IO3)(3) and Yb(IO3)(3) were fully non-interacting within the resolution of our measurements (similar to 0.2K). (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sykora, Richard E.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Khalifah, Peter] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Khalifah, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Assefa, Zerihun] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Haire, Richard G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sykora, RE (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, 307 Univ Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM rsykora@jaguar1.usouthal.edu FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, OBES, USDOE [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX We are very grateful to Brian Sales and Ted Barnes for sharing their insights into f-electron magnetism, and to Yuri Janssen for his critical reading of the magnetic portion of this manuscript. The support for this work was provided by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, OBES, USDOE, Under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. Dr. Radu Custelcean and Dr. Bruce Moyer are thanked for their generous allocation of X-ray diffractometer time, and also thanks go to David Mandrus for providing time on the SQUID magnetometer. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 181 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1875 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.04.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 346VP UT WOS:000259098000024 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JE Jensen, TR Hanson, JC AF Jorgensen, J. -E. Jensen, T. R. Hanson, J. C. TI Hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnSe: An in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE semi-conducting nanoparticles; hydrothermal synthesis; in situ X-ray powder diffraction ID QUANTUM DOTS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; CDSE; CRYSTALS AB The hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline Znse has been studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The formation of Znse was studied using the following starting mixtures: Zn+Se+H2O (route A) and ZnCl2+Se+H2O+Na2SO3 (route B). The route A experiment showed that Zn powder starts reacting with water at 134 degrees C giving ZnO and H-2 followed by the formation of ZnSe which takes place in temperature range from 167 to 195 degrees C. The route B experiment shows a considerably more complex reaction path with several intermediate phases and in this case the formation of ZnSe starts at 141 degrees C and ZnSe and Se were the only crystalline phases observed at the end of the experiment where the temperature was 195 degrees C. The sizes of the nanocrystalline particles were determined to 18 and 9 nun in the route A and B experiments, respectively. Nanocrystalline Znse was also synthesized ex situ using the route A and B methods and characterized by conventional X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. An average crystalline domain size of ca. 8 nm was determined by X-ray powder diffraction in fair agreement with TEM images, which showed larger aggregates of nanoparticles having approximate diameters of 10 nm. Furthermore, a method for purification of the ZnSe nanoparticles was developed and the prepared particles showed signs of anisotropic size broadening of the diffraction peaks. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jorgensen, J. -E.; Jensen, T. R.] Aarhus Univ, iNANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Jorgensen, J. -E.; Jensen, T. R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Hanson, J. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jorgensen, JE (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, iNANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM jenserik@chem.au.dk RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; OI Jensen, Torben Rene/0000-0002-4278-3221 FU Dansync; TRJ; DE-AC02-98CH10886 [US Department of Energy] FX The authors thank B. Lundtoft for help with the ex situ experiments and J. Chevallier for technical assistance with the TEM analysis. Financial Support from Dansync is acknowledged and TRJ acknowledges Carlsberg Fondet for financial support. The synchrotron X-ray measurements were carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Supported under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy by its Division of Chemical Sciences Office of Basic and Energy Sciences. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 181 IS 8 BP 1925 EP 1929 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.04.026 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 346VP UT WOS:000259098000031 ER PT J AU Doeff, MM Wilcox, JD Yu, R Aumentado, A Marcinek, M Kostecki, R AF Doeff, Marca M. Wilcox, James D. Yu, Rong Aumentado, Albert Marcinek, Marek Kostecki, Robert TI Impact of carbon structure and morphology on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composites SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies CY JUL 01-06, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc, Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Mat Res & Engn DE LiFePO4; carbon; lithium ion batteries; graphitization catalysts ID FERROCENE PYROLYSIS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; NANOTUBES; POWDERS; FILMS AB The electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composites in lithium cells is closely correlated to pressed pellet conductivities measured by AC impedance methods. These composite conductivities are a strong function not only of the amount of carbon but of its structure and distribution. Ideally, the amount of carbon in composites should be minimal (less than about 2 wt%) so as not to decrease the energy density unduly. This is particularly important for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle applications (PHEVs) where both high power and moderate energy density are required. Optimization of the carbon structure, particularly the sp(2)/sp(3) and disordered/graphene (D/G) ratios, improves the electronic conductivity while minimizing the carbon amount. Manipulation of the carbon structure can be achieved via the use of synthetic additives including iron-containing graphitization catalysts. Additionally, combustion synthesis techniques allow co-synthesis of LiFePO4 and carbon fibers or nanotubes, which can act as "nanowires" for the conduction of current during cell operation. C1 [Doeff, Marca M.; Wilcox, James D.; Yu, Rong; Aumentado, Albert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marcinek, Marek; Kostecki, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Yu, Rong/A-3011-2008 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Yu, Rong/0000-0003-1687-3597 NR 29 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 EI 1433-0768 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 7-8 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1007/s10008-007-0419-9 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 304DO UT WOS:000256090400032 ER PT J AU Rard, JA Wijesinghe, AM AF Rard, Joseph A. Wijesinghe, Ananda M. TI Conversion of parameters among variants of Scatchard's neutral-electrolyte model for electrolyte mixtures that have different numbers of mixing terms SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ternary solutions; mixed electrolytes; osmotic coefficients; aqueous solutions; Scatchard's neutral-electrolyte model ID IONIC-STRENGTH DEPENDENCE; HIGHER-ORDER TERMS; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; ISOPIESTIC DETERMINATION; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS MIXTURES; 298.15 K; THERMODYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MULTICOMPONENT AB Various model equations are available for representing the excess Gibbs energy properties (osmotic and activity coefficients) of aqueous and other liquid mixed-electrolyte solutions. Scatchard's neutral-electrolyte model is among the simplest of these equations for ternary systems and contains terms that represent both symmetrical and asymmetrical deviations from ideal mixing behavior when two single-electrolyte solutions are mixed in different proportions at constant ionic strengths. The usual form of this model allows from zero to six mixing parameters. In this report we present an analytical method for transforming the mixing parameters of neutral-electrolyte-type models with larger numbers of mixing parameters directly to those of models with fewer mixing parameters, without recourse to the source data used for evaluation of the original model parameters. The equations for this parameter conversion are based on an extension to ternary systems of the methodology of Rard and Wijesinghe (J. Chem. Thermodyn. 35:439-473, 2003) and Wijesinghe and Rard (J. Chem. Thermodyn. 37:1196-1218, 2005) that was applied by them to binary systems. It was found that the use of this approach with a constant ionic-strength cutoff of I <= 6.2 mol.kg(-1) (the NaCl solubility limit) yielded parameters for the NaCl+SrCl(2)+H(2)O and NaCl+MgCl(2)+H(2)O systems that predicted osmotic coefficients phi in excellent agreement with those calculated using the same sets of parameters whose values were evaluated directly from the source data by least-squares, with root-mean-square differences of RMSE(phi)=0.00006 to 0.00062 for the first system and RMSE(phi)=0.00014 to 0.00042 for the second. If, however, the directly evaluated parameters were based on experimental data where the ionic strength cutoff varied with the ionic-strength fraction, i.e., because they were constrained by isopiestic ionic strengths (MgCl(2)+MgSO(4)+H(2)O) or solubility/oversaturation ionic strengths (NaCl+SrCl(2)+H(2)O and NaCl+MgCl(2)+H(2)O), then parameters converted by this approach assuming a constant ionic-strength cutoff yield RMSE(phi) differences about an order of magnitude larger than the previous case. This indicates that for an accurate conversion of model parameters when the source model is constrained with variable ionic strength cutoffs, an extension of the parameter conversion method described herein will be required. However, when the source model parameters are evaluated at a constant ionic strength cuttoff, such as when source isopiestic data are restricted to ionic strengths at or below the solubility limit of the less soluble component, or are Emf measurements that are commonly made at constant ionic strengths, then our method yields accurate converted models. C1 [Rard, Joseph A.; Wijesinghe, Ananda M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM solution_chemistry2@comcast.net NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1149 EP 1185 DI 10.1007/s10953-008-9298-7 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 323RA UT WOS:000257464100009 ER PT J AU Wang, LT Hao, JM He, KB Wang, SX Li, JH Zhang, Q Streets, DG Fu, JS Jang, CJ Takekawa, H Chatani, S AF Wang, Litao Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Wang, Shuxiao Li, Junhua Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Takekawa, Hideto Chatani, Satoru TI A modeling study of coarse particulate matter pollution in Beijing: Regional source contributions and control implications for the 2008 summer Olympics SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MESOSCALE MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; CHINA; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; DIOXIDE; TESTS; GAMES; ASIA AB In the last 10 yr, Beijing has made a great effort to improve its air quality. However, it is Still Suffering from regional coarse particulate matter (PM10) Pollution that could be a challenge to the promise of clean air during the 2008 Olympics. To provide scientific guidance on regional air pollution control, the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MMS) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) air quality modeling system was used to investigate the contributions of emission Sources outside the Beijing area to Pollution levels in Beijing. The contributions to the PM,, concentrations in Beijing were assessed for the following sources: power plants, industry, domestic sources, transportation, agriculture, and biomass open burning. In January, it is estimated that on average 22% of the PM10 concentrations can be attributed to outside sources, of which domestic and industrial sources contributed 37 and 31%, respectively. In August, as much as 40% of the PM10 concentrations came from regional sources, of which approximately 41% came from industry and 31% from power plants. However, the synchronous analysis of the hourly concentrations, regional contributions, and wind vectors indicates that in the heaviest Pollution periods the local emission sources play a more important role. The implications are that long-term control strategies should be based on regional-scale collaborations, and that emission abatement of local Sources may be more effective in lowering the PM10, concentration levels on the heavy pollution days. Better air quality can be attained during the Olympics by placing effective emission controls on the local sources in Beijing and by controlling emissions from industry and power plants in the surrounding regions. C1 [Wang, Litao; Hao, Jiming; He, Kebin; Wang, Shuxiao; Li, Junhua] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, US Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Takekawa, Hideto; Chatani, Satoru] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Aichi 48011, Japan. RP Wang, LT (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM wlt@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Chatani, Satoru/B-3697-2014; wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; OI Chatani, Satoru/0000-0002-6272-574X; wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NSFC [20521140077]; Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Central RD Labs; CMAQ FX This study was sponsored by NSFC (No. 20521140077), Toyota Motor Corporation, and Toyota Central R&D Labs. The authors acknowledge EPA for its assistance and funding support in CMAQ training. The authors also thank Professor Cheng Shuiyuan for providing meteorological data, and Yu Xin for his support in workstationmaintenance. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1069 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.1057 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342RB UT WOS:000258800100008 PM 18720655 ER PT J AU Chi, WG Sampath, S Wang, H AF Chi, Weiguang Sampath, Sanjay Wang, Hsin TI Microstructure-thermal conductivity relationships for plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BARRIER COATINGS; PARTICLE STATE; YSZ; POROSITY AB The microstructures of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings are complex, contributing to challenges in establishing microstructure-thermal conductivity relationships. Furthermore, the dynamic evolution of microstructure and properties during service offers a significant challenge in defining design strategies and extended coating performance. In this paper, the relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivity is investigated for three sets of plasma-sprayed YSZ coating systems prepared using different morphology powders, different particle size distributions, and controlled modification of particle states through plasma torch parameters. Both ambient and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity were conducted in the as-sprayed and thermally aged states. The results suggest that a range of thermal conductivities can be achieved from the coatings, offering potential for microstructural tailoring for desired performance. The results also demonstrate that different as-deposited microstructures display varying propensity for sintering and these attributes need to be considered in the design and manufacturing cycle. This expansive study of a range of coatings has also allowed synthesis of the results through thermal conductivity-porosity maps and has allowed elucidation of the contributing microstructural components for both the ambient and high-temperature thermal conductivity. Considering that the operating thermal transport mechanisms are different at these two temperature extremes, such mapping strategies are of value to both science and technology. C1 [Chi, Weiguang; Sampath, Sanjay] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sampath, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sanjay.sampath@sunysb.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 2636 EP 2645 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02476.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 336QI UT WOS:000258379300031 ER PT J AU Bruno, G Vogel, S AF Bruno, Giovanni Vogel, Sven TI Calculation of the average coefficient of thermal expansion in oriented cordierite polycrystals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PREDICTIONS AB In this work, the calculation of the average value of a physical quantity in a textured polycrystal is presented. The method is applied to the coefficient of thermal expansion in cordierite samples, presenting domain and crystal preferred orientation, and compared with experimental data. The knowledge of the experimental or simulated texture intensity function is required to calculate the orientation distribution function. Then, a sum over all oriented crystals, weighted by their population, is carried out. It is shown that this sum must be carried out differently, if different components of the physical quantity (usually a tensor) must be calculated. Results show a very good agreement between the model and the experimental data obtained (a) by neutron diffraction as a polycrystalline average and (b) by dilatometry on real cordierite materials used as diesel particulate filters. Although the method is resting on the possibility of having a simple analytical form of the texture intensity, its numerical implementation does not present any problem. C1 [Bruno, Giovanni] CETC, Corning SAS, F-77210 Avon, France. [Vogel, Sven] LANL, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bruno, G (reprint author), CETC, Corning SAS, F-77210 Avon, France. EM brunog@corning.com RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Bruno, Giovanni/E-2817-2013; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 2646 EP 2652 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02485.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 336QI UT WOS:000258379300032 ER PT J AU Zhou, XD Zhang, SC Huebner, W AF Zhou, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Shi-Chang Huebner, Wayne TI Spray pyrolysis synthesis and dielectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LEAD-MAGNESIUM-NIOBATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CERAMICS; PARTICLE; ROUTE AB Spray pyrolysis was used to synthesize lead magnesium niobate (PMN) by atomizing a mixture of nitrate aqueous solutions into a high-temperature furnace. This approach allows for instant removal of solvents and decomposition of metal-salts, thereby limiting phase segregation on a nanometer scale, and lowering the transformation temperature for pyrochlore-to-perovskite phase transition. As-synthesized particles were nanocrystalline pyrochlores, with an average crystallite size similar to 22 nm. More than 96% perovskite phase was obtained when as-sprayed powders were subsequently calcined at 750 degrees C for 4 h. Sintered PMN ceramics exhibited the typical frequency-dependent dielectric properties, with a peak value of dielectric constant of 18 000, and a transition temperature at -9.6 degrees C at 100 Hz. A series of ceramics were prepared with varied grain sizes. Increasing the grain size increased the dielectric constant, probably due to the smaller fraction of the less-polarizable grain-boundary phases. C1 [Zhou, Xiao-Dong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhang, Shi-Chang; Huebner, Wayne] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Zhou, XD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaodong.zhou@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 2766 EP 2768 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02519.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 336QI UT WOS:000258379300058 ER PT J AU Berman, ESF Fortson, SL Checchi, KD Wu, L Felton, JS Wu, KJJ Kulp, KS AF Berman, Elena S. F. Fortson, Susan L. Checchi, Kyle D. Wu, Ligang Felton, James S. Wu, Kuang Jen J. Kulp, Kristen S. TI Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DESORPTION 2006 Meeting CY SEP 03-07, 2006 CL Goulandris Nat Hist Museum, Kifissia, GREECE HO Goulandris Nat Hist Museum ID TOF-SIMS; MALDI-MS; SMALL MOLECULES; MICROSCOPY; TISSUES; CULTURES; PROGRESS; PEPTIDE; SURFACE AB Characterizing chemical changes within individual cells is important for determining fundamental mechanisms of biological processes that will lead to new biological insights and improved disease understanding. Analyzing biological systems with imaging and profiling mass spectrometry (MS) has gained popularity in recent years as a method for creating chemical maps of biological samples. To obtain mass spectra that provide relevant molecular information about individual cells, samples must be prepared so that salts and other cell culture components are removed from the cell surface and that the cell contents are rendered accessible to the desorption beam. We have designed a cellular preparation protocol for imaging/profiling MS that removes the majority of the interfering species derived from the cellular growth medium, preserves the basic morphology of the cells, and allows chemical profiling of the diffusible elements of the cytosol. Using this method, we are able to reproducibly analyze cells from three diverse cell types: MCF7 human breast cancer cells, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. This preparation technique makes possible routine imaging/profiling MS analysis of individual cultured cells, allowing for understanding of molecular processes within individual cells. C1 [Berman, Elena S. F.; Fortson, Susan L.; Checchi, Kyle D.; Wu, Ligang; Felton, James S.; Wu, Kuang Jen J.; Kulp, Kristen S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kulp, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Energy & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kulp2@llnl.gov RI yu, yu/C-7781-2009; Wu, Ligang/C-7770-2009 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1230 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 338VW UT WOS:000258538500023 PM 18565760 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Lin, HT Ohji, T AF Ueno, Shunkichi Lin, Hua-Tay Ohji, Tatsuki TI Corrosion and recession mechanism of Lu2Si2O7/mullite eutectic SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting onDirectionally Solidfied Eutectic Ceramics Workshop CY NOV, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE surface; corrosion; mullite; silicate ID WATER-VAPOR CORROSION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SILICON-NITRIDE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB A Lu2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13 (mullite) eutectic oxide was discovered by the authors in the Lu2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system. The composition of the eutectic was Lu2O3:SiO2:Al2O3 = 18.1:54.6:27.3 in molar ratio. The eutectic point was at approximately 1500-1550 degrees C. Since this eutectic system has no boundary phase even if this system contains silicate component, no selective corrosion of the mullite phase occurred during static state water vapor corrosion test at 1300 degrees C. However, a selective recession of mullite phase was observed under a high velocity steam jet environment at 1200 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All tights reserved. C1 [Ueno, Shunkichi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Lin, Hua-Tay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ohji, Tatsuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2359 EP 2361 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.01.008 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 331MD UT WOS:000258015400010 ER PT J AU Sakiyama, N Mitsui, Y Yoshizawa, H Zaliznyak, IA Lee, SH AF Sakiyama, N. Mitsui, Y. Yoshizawa, H. Zaliznyak, I. A. Lee, S. -H. TI Spin and charge order in single-layered provskite cobaltates SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Asia Pacific Physics Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2007 CL Pohang, SOUTH KOREA DE transition-metal oxide; spin-charge order ID STRIPES; HOLES AB Recent neutron scattering studies on charge and spin ordering in Pr2-xCaxCOO4 (0.39 <= x <= 0.73) and La2-xSrxCoO4 (x = 0.61) are reviewed. We found that the propagation vectors of the charge and spin order for both systems are (26,0,1) and (delta,0,1), respectively, in the orthorhombic notation with lattice constants a = 5.392 angstrom and c = 12.196 angstrom. delta is linearly proportional to 1 - x for x > 0.5, delta = 1 - x, but it is 0.5 for 0.39 <= x <= 0.5. This indicates that while the checkerboard charge ordered state previously observed in La2-xSrxCoO4 (x = 0.5) is also realized in Pr2-xCaxCoO4 with 0.39 <= x <= 0.5 and La2-xSrxCoO4 (x = 0.61), the charge ordered state for x > 0.5 is different from the checkerboard order. Instead, our results suggest that for x > 0.5, a charge- density-wave-like modulation of Co2+ and Co3+ ions occurs in the Co-O plane and that ferromagnetic stripes formed at the Co2+ sites along the b-axis are antiferromagnetically arranged along the a-axis. C1 [Sakiyama, N.; Mitsui, Y.; Yoshizawa, H.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Zaliznyak, I. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Sakiyama, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. EM yoshi@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 SI SI BP 995 EP 998 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338BX UT WOS:000258481000012 ER PT J AU Ohnishi, T Kubo, T Kusaka, K Yoshida, A Yoshida, K Fukuda, N Ohtake, M Yanagisawa, Y Takeda, H Kameda, D Yamaguchi, Y Aoi, N Yoneda, KI Otsu, H Takeuchi, S Sugimoto, T Kondo, Y Scheit, H Gono, Y Sakurai, H Motobayasi, T Suzuki, H Nakao, T Kimura, H Mizo, Y Matsushita, M Ieki, K Kuboki, T Yamaguchi, T Suzuki, T Ozawa, A Moriguchi, T Yasuda, Y Nakamura, T Nannichi, T Shimamura, T Nakayama, Y Geissel, H Weick, H Nolen, JA Tarasov, OB Nettleton, AS Bazin, DP Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Mittig, W AF Ohnishi, Tetsuya Kubo, Toshiyuki Kusaka, Kensuke Yoshida, Atsushi Yoshida, Koichi Fukuda, Naoki Ohtake, Masao Yanagisawa, Yoshiyuki Takeda, Hiroyuki Kameda, Daisuke Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka Aoi, Nori Yoneda, Ken-ichiro Otsu, Hideaki Takeuchi, Satoshi Sugimoto, Takashi Kondo, Yosuke Scheit, Heiko Gono, Yasuyuki Sakurai, Hiroyoshi Motobayasi, Tohru Suzuki, Hiroshi Nakao, Taro Kimura, Hitomi Mizo, Yutaka Matsushita, Masafumi Ieki, Kazuo Kuboki, Takamasa Yamaguchi, Takayuki Suzuki, Takeshi Ozawa, Akira Moriguchi, Tetsuaki Yasuda, Yusuke Nakamura, Takashi Nannichi, Takashi Shimamura, Tomoyuki Nakayama, Yoshiaki Geissel, Hans Weick, Helmut Nolen, Jerry A. Tarasov, Oleg B. Nettleton, Anthony S. Bazin, Daniel P. Sherrill, Bradley M. Morrissey, David J. Mittig, Wolfgang TI Identification of new isotopes Pd-125 and Pd-126 produced by in-flight fission of 345MeV/nucleon U-238: First results from the RIKEN RI beam factory SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE nuclear reaction Be(U-238, x) E=345MeV/nucleon; in-flight fission; new isotopes Pd-125 and Pd-126; in-flight RI beam separator ID PROJECTILE-FISSION; SEPARATOR BIGRIPS AB A search for new isotopes using in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon U-238 beam has been carried Out in the commissioning experiment of the next-generation in-flight radioactive isotope beam separator BigRIPS at the RI Beam Factory at the RIKEN Nishina Center. Two neutron-rich palladium isotopes Pd-125 and Pd-126 were observed for the first time, which demonstrates the great potential of the RIKEN RI beam Factory. C1 [Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; Yoshida, Atsushi; Yoshida, Koichi; Fukuda, Naoki; Ohtake, Masao; Yanagisawa, Yoshiyuki; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Kameda, Daisuke; Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka; Aoi, Nori; Yoneda, Ken-ichiro; Otsu, Hideaki; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Sugimoto, Takashi; Kondo, Yosuke; Scheit, Heiko; Gono, Yasuyuki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Motobayasi, Tohru] RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Suzuki, Hiroshi; Nakao, Taro; Kimura, Hitomi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Matsushita, Masafumi; Ieki, Kazuo] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Mizo, Yutaka] Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Osaka 5728530, Japan. [Kuboki, Takamasa; Yamaguchi, Takayuki; Suzuki, Takeshi] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Ozawa, Akira; Moriguchi, Tetsuaki; Yasuda, Yusuke] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Nakamura, Takashi; Nannichi, Takashi; Shimamura, Tomoyuki; Nakayama, Yoshiaki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Geissel, Hans; Weick, Helmut] Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Nolen, Jerry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tarasov, Oleg B.; Nettleton, Anthony S.; Bazin, Daniel P.; Sherrill, Bradley M.; Morrissey, David J.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tarasov, Oleg B.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Mittig, Wolfgang] Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen 05, France. RP Kubo, T (reprint author), RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM kubo@ribf.riken.jp RI Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011; SAKURAI, HIROYOSHI/G-5085-2014; Scheit, Heiko/B-4779-2008; Nakamura, Takashi/N-5390-2015; Takeuchi, Satoshi/O-1529-2016 OI Scheit, Heiko/0000-0002-8937-1101; Nakamura, Takashi/0000-0002-1838-9363; NR 12 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 77 IS 8 AR 083201 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.77.083201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 341FG UT WOS:000258699000001 ER PT J AU Cao, ZJ Balasubramanian, K AF Cao, Zhiji Balasubramanian, Krishnan TI GEOMETRIES AND ENERGY SEPARATIONS OF ELECTRONIC STATES OF In3N, InN3, AND THEIR IONS SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE In3N; InN3; CASSCF; MRSDCI; electronic stage; geometry; energy separation ID ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE CLUSTERS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; GROUP-III NITRIDES; RARE-GAS MATRICES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; POSITIVE-IONS; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES AB Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states of In3N, InN3, and their ions are computed by the complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles+doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations. Our results predict that the spectra of In3N/InN3 are substantially different from those of Ga3As/GaAs3 and Al3P/AlP3 tetramers. The ground state of In3N is a closed-shell (1)A'(1) state with a planar D-3h symmetry, whereas the ground state of InN3 is a S-1(+) state of linear In-N-N-N structure. The equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, atomization energies, adiabatic ionization potentials, electron affinities, and other properties are discussed. C1 [Cao, Zhiji; Balasubramanian, Krishnan] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Balasubramanian, Krishnan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Balasubramanian, Krishnan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov RI Cao, Zhiji/A-5957-2010 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER15546]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER15546. The work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors would like to acknowledge computational support on Lawrence Berkeley's NERSC machines supported by DOE. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-6336 J9 J THEOR COMPUT CHEM JI J. Theor. Comput. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 751 EP 765 DI 10.1142/S0219633608004106 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 396WR UT WOS:000262622600022 ER PT J AU Filiz, S Ozdoganlar, OB Romero, LA AF Filiz, Sinan Ozdoganlar, O. Burak Romero, Louis A. TI An analytical model for micro-endmill dynamics SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE micromachining; micromilling; micro-endmill dynamics; micromilling vibrations ID TIMOSHENKO SHAFT; GENERATION; PREDICTION; SUBJECT; BEAM AB This article presents an analytical model of the transverse vibration of rotating micro-endmills in the presence of three-dimensional tilt and rotary axis misalignment. To accurately capture the rotary inertia and shear deformations of non-slender micro-endmills, the Timoshenko beam model is used. The boundary-value problem is derived using the extended Hamilton's principle. The numerical solution of the problem is obtained through a spectral Tchebychev technique. Non-smooth diameter variations along the length are handled by considering the micro-endmill as a sectioned beam and using a component mode synthesis method. The mode shapes and natural frequencies from the model are compared to those from a commercial finite element solver. The effectiveness of the model is illustrated by applying it to analyze (1) the effect of the rotational speed on the micro-endmill dynamics, (2) the effect of geometry on mode shapes and natural frequencies, (3) the influence of three-dimensional tilt and eccentricity on vibrations, and (4) the dynamic response of the micro-endmills to harmonic forcing. It was shown that the derived model and associated spectral Tchebychev technique effectively and efficiently capture the dynamic behavior of rotating micro-endmills. The model can be used for designing micro-tools with specified dynamic characteristics, as well as for modeling and stability analysis of the micromilling process. C1 [Filiz, Sinan; Ozdoganlar, O. Burak] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Romero, Louis A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Filiz, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ozdoganlar@ctnu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0547534]; Society of Manufacturing Engineers Educational Foundation [R6001]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Baris Yagci in implementing the spectral Tchebychev solution, and Chris D. Powell of Structural Technology Corporation for his assistance. This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation through the CAREER grant CMMI-0547534 (Ozdoganlar) and by the research initiation grant R6001 front the Society of Manufacturing Engineers Educational Foundation. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1150 DI 10.1177/1077546307080245 PG 26 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 338UV UT WOS:000258535800003 ER PT J AU Lo, CT Throckmorton, DJ Singh, AK Herr, AE AF Lo, Catherine T. Throckmorton, Daniel J. Singh, Anup K. Herr, Amy E. TI Photopolymerized diffusion-defined polyacrylamide gradient gels for on-chip protein sizing SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID FREE ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR SIEVE GRADIENT; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; IMMUNOASSAYS; MICROCHIPS; PEPTIDES AB We report on a facile diffusion-based photopatterning technique for generating linear and non-linear decreasing pore-size gradients in cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. Diffusion of low viscosity polymer precursor solutions and a two-step photopatterning process were used to define the decreasing pore-size gradient gels in a microfluidic format, thus eliminating the need for controlled mixing and delivery of polymer precursor solutions. We present an analytical model of the non-steady state diffusion process and numerically evaluate that model for direct comparison with empirical characterizations of the gradient gels. We show that the analytical model provides an effective means to predict the steepness and linearity of a desired gradient gel prior to fabrication. To assess electrophoretic assay performance in the microfluidic gradient gels, on-chip sizing of protein samples (20-116 kDa) was investigated. Baseline resolution of six proteins was demonstrated in 4 s using 3.5% to 10%, polyacrylamide gradient gels. The demonstrated ability to conduct efficient protein sizing in ultra-short separation lengths (0.3 cm) means low applied electric potentials are needed to achieve the electric field strengths required for protein separations. The low required electric potentials relax operating constraints on electrical components, as is especially important for translation of the assay into pre-clinical and clinical settings. The gradient gel fabrication method reported is amenable to adaptation to non-sizing protein assays, as well as integration with upstream sample preparation steps and subsequent orthogonal downstream assays. C1 [Herr, Amy E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF UC Berkeley Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Herr, Amy E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lo, Catherine T.] Yale Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New Haven, CT USA. [Throckmorton, Daniel J.; Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herr, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF UC Berkeley Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aeh@berkeley.edu OI Herr, Amy/0000-0002-6906-2985 FU Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); University of California at Berkeley; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Dr Joshua I. Molho and Mr James S. Brennan for helpful discussion and suggestions. This work was financially supported by Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. AEH thanks the University of California at Berkeley for additional financial Support. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1279 DI 10.1039/b804485f PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339IX UT WOS:000258572400006 PM 18651068 ER PT J AU Reichmuth, DS Wang, SK Barrett, LM Throckmorton, DJ Einfeld, W Singh, AK AF Reichmuth, David S. Wang, Serena K. Barrett, Louise M. Throckmorton, Daniel J. Einfeld, Wayne Singh, Anup K. TI Rapid microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for the detection of swine influenza virus SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID LINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHIP; ANTIBODY; SEPARATIONS; PERFORMANCE; DIAGNOSTICS; COMPLEXES; PROTEINS AB Towards developing rapid and portable diagnostics for detecting zoonotic diseases, we have developed microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for sensitive and rapid detection of viruses. Two types of microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays were developed. The initial assay used open channel electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection with a labeled antibody to detect influenza virus. However, this assay did not have adequate sensitivity to detect viruses at relevant concentrations for diagnostic applications. Hence, a novel assay was developed that allows Simultaneous concentration and detection of viruses using a microfluidic chip with an integrated nanoporous membrane. The size-exclusion properties of the in situ polymerized polyacrylamide membrane are exploited to simultaneously concentrate viral particles and separate the virus/fluorescent antibody complex from the unbound antibody. The assay is performed in two simple steps-addition of fluorescently labeled antibodies to the sample, followed by concentration of antibody-virus complexes on a porous membrane. Excess antibodies are removed by electrophoresis through the membrane and the complex is then detected downstream of the membrane. This new assay detected inactivated swine influenza virus at a concentration four times lower than that of the open-channel electrophoresis assay. The total assay time, including device regeneration, is six minutes and requires <50 mu l of sample. The filtration effect of the polymer membrane eliminates the need for washing, commonly required with surface-based immunoassays, increasing the speed of the assay. This assay is intended to form the core of a portable device for the diagnosis of high-consequence animal pathogens such as foot-and-mouth disease. The electrophoretic immunoassay format is rapid and simple while providing the necessary sensitivity for diagnosis of the illness state. This would allow the development of a portable, cost-effective, on-site diagnostic system for rapid screening of large populations of livestock, including sheep, pigs, cattle, and potentially birds. C1 [Reichmuth, David S.; Wang, Serena K.; Barrett, Louise M.; Throckmorton, Daniel J.; Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Einfeld, Wayne] Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reichmuth, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dreichm@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1319 EP 1324 DI 10.1039/b801396a PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339IX UT WOS:000258572400012 PM 18651074 ER PT J AU Huang, CC Dai, ZX AF Huang, Chaocheng Dai, Zhenxue TI Modeling groundwater in multimodal porous media with localized decompositions SO MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE localized decomposition; multimodal; groundwater flow; perturbation expansion; structural uncertainty ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; TRANSIENT FLOW; DOMAINS 2; EQUATIONS AB In the present paper, a new stochastic framework is introduced to decompose random variables. This decomposition method is shown to better capture and reflect the medium heterogeneity for multimodal porous media than the classical Reynolds decomposition does. In particular, with this decomposition method, the variance of log conductivity is decomposed into two parts. The first one measures the mean differences of log conductivity across different units having high contrasting conductivity. The second part measures the variation of log conductivity arisen within individual units. Based on this localized decomposition, a new stochastic model is proposed for flow in a highly heterogeneous porous media. This stochastic model shall produce much sharper approximations under the assumption that only the second part of the variance of log conductivity is small. Therefore, the proposed model can partially overcome the assumption of small composite variance for log conductivity in current theory for both flow and transport. C1 [Huang, Chaocheng] Wright State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45066 USA. [Dai, Zhenxue] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, CC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45066 USA. EM chuang@math.wright.edu OI Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8961 J9 MATH GEOSCI JI Math Geosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 689 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s11004-008-9167-3 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 332EG UT WOS:000258064400005 ER PT J AU Cardi, AA Firpi, HA Bement, MT Liang, SY AF Cardi, Adam A. Firpi, Hiram A. Bement, Matthew T. Liang, Steven Y. TI Workpiece dynamic analysis and prediction during chatter of turning process SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics Systems and Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Network Excellence, European Struct Integr Soc, Opole Univ Technol, Dept Mech & Machine Design, Opole Branch Polish Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Kaunas Univ Technol, AGH Univ Sci & Technol DE chatter; dynamic instability; machining; vibrations ID REGENERATIVE CHATTER; SUPPRESSION; STABILITY; NETWORKS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB In turning operations, a common problem that can drastically degrade the quality of a machined part is regenerative chatter. Proper machine design, such as increased stiffness and damping of the machine tool structure can broaden the range of stable operating conditions. However, the inherent geometry of the tool and workpiece can sometimes severely limit the range of stable cutting. In this case, active control is needed in order to allow for a sufficiently broad range of stability. This work investigates turning relatively compliant workpieces, therefore it is the body that undergoes the bulk of the motion during chatter. Since it is highly impractical to instrument the workpiece, a Neural Network trained with Particle Swarm Optimization is used to transform a radial displacement measurement made at the cutting tool to an estimation of the radial displacement of the workpiece. This could serve as an observer in a real time control system that could mitigate chatter by appropriately actuating an active toolholder such as a fast tool servo. The workpiece displacement was predicted with an average RMSE of 1.41 and 1.70 mu m for the two testing datasets. This current approach differs from other chatter detection investigations because with the direct displacement measurement of the toolholder and the output from the Neural Network observer, there is information about both bodies' motions. In this way, direct conclusions can be made about the stability of cutting in a chatter detection scheme. In addition, the nature of the transition from stable cutting to chatter is investigated by experimentally measuring the variation in uncut chip thickness over time. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cardi, Adam A.; Firpi, Hiram A.; Liang, Steven Y.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bement, Matthew T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA DO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liang, SY (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM steven.liang@me.gatech.edu OI Bement, Matthew/0000-0003-3577-3292 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1481 EP 1494 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.11.026 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 320MO UT WOS:000257239400019 ER PT J AU Argon, AS Demkowicz, MJ AF Argon, A. S. Demkowicz, M. J. TI What can plasticity of amorphous silicon tell us about plasticity of metallic glasses? SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID CONTINUUM ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BUBBLE RAFT; DEFORMATION; FLOW; TRANSITION; CRYSTALS AB In a recent set of computer simulations, we have analyzed the atomic-level kinematics and kinetics of the plastic relaxations that constitute shear transformations (STs) responsible for plasticity in amorphous silicon (a-Si). Here, we summarize the rich mechanistic details of the triggering of these transformations from "fertile" sites having a slight excess of liquidlike atomic environments and develop analytical models for the evolution of liquidlike material with plastic strain, leading to a unique flow state. Furthermore, a kinetic model of flow is developed, which accounts for the stress-strain curves with broad yield phenomena as well as for the temperature dependence of the plastic resistance found in the simulations. While the details of these findings apply specifically to network glasses of a-Si, we find far-reaching parallels to the flow mechanisms in metallic and polymeric glasses. C1 [Argon, A. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Demkowicz, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Argon, AS (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM argon@mit.edu NR 55 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1762 EP 1778 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9368-2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600002 ER PT J AU Egami, T Levashov, V Aga, R Morris, JR AF Egami, T. Levashov, V. Aga, R. Morris, J. R. TI Geometrical frustration and glass formation SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; METALLIC GLASSES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS; ALLOYS; MODEL; RANGE; ORDER AB The effect of geometrical frustration in the atomic structure on the formability of bulk metallic glasses is discussed from a general point of view. It is pointed out that there are two distinct and complementing pathways to easy glass formation: stabilizing the glass itself and destabilizing the corresponding crystalline state. While the discussions in the field tend to focus on the first one, the second in fact is a more effective approach. Examples of both will be discussed using soft-sphere, rather than hard-sphere, packing concepts. C1 [Egami, T.; Levashov, V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.; Aga, R.; Morris, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Egami, T.; Morris, J. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1786 EP 1790 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9555-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600004 ER PT J AU Jiang, F Li, HQ Fan, GJ Wang, YD Liaw, PK Choo, H AF Jiang, Feng Li, Hongqi Fan, Guojiang Wang, Yandong Liaw, Peter K. Choo, Hahn TI Titanium-based metallic glass composites with good plasticity SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; IN-SITU FORMATION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; DUCTILE REINFORCEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; MATRIX COMPOSITE; QUASI-CRYSTALS AB Three types of Ti-based alloys (an amorphous material, an amorphous composite with inter-metallic crystals, and an intermetallic compound) of the compositions Ti(41.5)Zr(2.5)Hf(5)Cu(42.5-x)Ni(7.5+x)Si(1) (x = 0, 5, and 15) were fabricated to study the effect of composition on glass formability and microstructure, and the dependence of mechanical properties on microstructure were investigated at room temperature. The results show that the amorphous composite has an excellent combination of both ultrahigh strength (2245 MPa) and large plastic strain (9 pet), which is a significant improvement compared to both the fully amorphous and intermetallic structures. In addition, it is also found that the crystal phases in the amorphous matrix can obstruct the shearing-off of the shear bands by inducing them to interact, deflect, and branch, resulting good plasticity in the amorphous composite. C1 [Jiang, Feng; Li, Hongqi; Fan, Guojiang; Wang, Yandong; Liaw, Peter K.; Choo, Hahn] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Yandong] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy Design & Texture Engn Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Choo, Hahn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jiang, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; BAI, JIE/D-7448-2016 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1817 EP 1821 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9374-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600009 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Liao, HH Liu, FX Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Liao, H. H. Liu, F. X. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Rate-dependent temperature increases in shear bands of a bulk-metallic glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID DEFORMATION-INDUCED NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SERRATED PLASTIC-FLOW; NOTCH BENDING TESTS; CU-SI ALLOY; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; FREE-VOLUME; NANOINDENTATION AB Using an infrared (IR) camera, we observed in situ the dynamical shear-banding processes of the geometrically constrained specimens of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass in a quasi-static compression at various strain rates, measured the temperature evolutions within the specimens, and calculated the temperature increases in shear bands. Strain-rate-dependent serrated plastic flow is a result of shear-banding operations. The average temperature increases in the specimens are observed during the plastic deformation and their magnitudes are strain rate dependent. The temperature increases in shear bands are related to strain rates. The higher the strain rates, the larger the temperature increases in a shear band. The shear strain in a shear band may be responsible for the strain-rate-dependent temperature increase in a shear band. C1 [Jiang, W. H.; Liu, F. X.; Choo, H.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Choo, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liao, H. H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liao, H. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 59 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1822 EP 1830 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9321-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600010 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Xu, M Ye, YY Sordelet, DJ Morris, JR AF Kramer, M. J. Xu, Min Ye, Y. Y. Sordelet, D. J. Morris, J. R. TI Phase stability and transformations in the Zr2NiCu1-x amorphous system SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID ZR METALLIC GLASSES; CU-NI GLASS; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLIZATION CHARACTERISTICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; THERMAL-STABILITY; ALLOYS; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; KINETICS AB Since Ni and Cu differ by only one valence electron, yet have nearly identical atomic sizes (1.27 vs 1.28 angstrom for Cu and Ni, respectively), the amorphous Zr2NiCu1-x system is ideal for isolating the effects of electronic structure on short- and medium-range order and the concomitant influence of both the structure and order on devitrification pathways. Thermal analysis, time-resolved high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to follow metastable and stable crystalline phase formation during devitrification. Using HEXRD, we observed that the first devitrification product in the Zr2Ni system is the C16 structure, if oxygen is kept sufficiently low, while the Zr2Cu system forms the C11b structure. For x = 0.25, the initial devitrification involves forming coexisting C11b and C16 phases. When Ni is increased to x >= 0.50, the initial devitrification only involves the C16 structure. These results are in complete accord with electronic structure calculations showing that the enthalpy of formation for the C11b phase is favored for x = 0, while enthalpies for C11b and C16 are nearly identical for x = 0.25; the C16 phase has the most negative enthalpy for all compositions in which x > 0.25. C1 [Kramer, M. J.; Xu, Min; Ye, Y. Y.; Sordelet, D. J.] Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Xu, Min] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Morris, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Morris, J. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1847 EP 1856 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9309-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600013 ER PT J AU Liu, FX Gao, YF Liaw, PK AF Liu, F. X. Gao, Y. F. Liaw, P. K. TI Rate-dependent deformation behavior of Zr-based metallic-glass coatings examined by nanoindentation SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; INHOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATION; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; HARDNESS; FILMS AB The Zr-based metallic-glass coatings with micrometer-scale thicknesses are prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron-sputtering technique on silicon substrates. Using the instrumented nanoindentation technique, we have examined the dependence of their deformation behavior, especially the indentation hardness, on the strain rate and maximum indentation depth. For the shallow indentation, in which the substrate effect can be neglected, the increase of the penetration rate leads to the decrease of the hardness. This seemingly "negative" strain-rate sensitivity is actually a result of the dependence of the degree of elastic deformation on the effective strain rate. When the indentation depth is comparable to or larger than the coating thickness, the coating interface can block the shear-band propagation and promote the shear-band multiplication, resulting in enhanced ductility and a large degree of material pileup, as shown by the measurements using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). C1 [Liu, F. X.; Gao, Y. F.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gao, Y. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, FX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1862 EP 1867 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9399-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600015 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Ott, RT Li, MZ Wang, SY Wang, CZ Besser, MF Liu, ACY Kramer, MJ AF Sordelet, D. J. Ott, R. T. Li, M. Z. Wang, S. Y. Wang, C. Z. Besser, M. F. Liu, A. C. Y. Kramer, M. J. TI Structure of Zr(x)Pt(100-x) (73 <= x <= 77) metallic Glasses SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID NANO-ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLIZATION CHARACTERISTICS; FLUCTUATION MICROSCOPY; QUASI-CRYSTALS; ALLOYS; PD; DEVITRIFICATION; GROWTH AB The structure of hyper-eutectic Zr(x)Pt(100-x) (73 <= x <= 77) metallic glasses produced by melt spinning was examined with high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) and fluctuation electron microscopy. In addition, details of the amorphous structure were studied by combining ab initio molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo simulations. Crystallization pathways in these glasses have been reported to vary dramatically with small changes in compositions; however, in the current study, the structures of the different glasses were also observed to vary with composition, particularly the prepeak in the total structure factor that occurs at a Q value of around 17 nm(-1). Results from simulations and fluctuation electron microscopy suggest that the medium-range order of the amorphous structure is characterized by extended groups of Pt-centered clusters that increase in frequency, structural order, or spatial organization at higher Pt contents. These clusters may be related to the Zr(5)Pt(3) structure, which contains Pt-centered clusters coordinated by 9Zr and 2Pt atoms. C1 [Sordelet, D. J.; Ott, R. T.; Li, M. Z.; Wang, C. Z.; Besser, M. F.; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, S. Y.] Fudan Univ, Dept Opt Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Adv Photon Mat & Devices, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. Y.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Liu, A. C. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov RI Wang, Songyou/H-4529-2011 OI Wang, Songyou/0000-0002-4249-3427 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1916 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9335-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600021 ER PT J AU Wilson, T Clausen, B Proffen, T Elle, J Brown, D AF Wilson, Timothy Clausen, Bjorn Proffen, Thomas Elle, Jennifer Brown, Don TI In-situ neutron scattering measurement of stress-strain behavior of a bulk metallic glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; AMORPHOUS METALS; ATOMIC PACKING; ALLOYS; RELAXATION; MODULUS; FATIGUE AB Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are an emerging class of materials whose unique properties make them excellent choices for many applications. As with crystalline metals, the processing and forming techniques used to produce BMG components necessarily result in residual stresses. However, traditional diffraction stress analysis is difficult to apply to BMG components, because they lack the long-range order necessary to produce sharp diffraction patterns, and thus, the internal strains for BMG have not been examined until recently. In this work, in-situ neutron scattering was used to measure the local elastic internal strain distribution in a Zr(57)Nb(5)Cu(15.4)Ni(12.6)Al(10) BMG as a function of applied stress. Various techniques were used to evaluate the internal strain. The strain was determined in real space, by measuring changes in the atomic pair distribution function (PDF). These results can be used to help understand the elastic deformation of BMGs as well be to evaluate current models of BMG deformation. C1 [Clausen, Bjorn; Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Elle, Jennifer] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Brown, Don] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wilson, Timothy] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wilson, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM twilson3@utk.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1942 EP 1946 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9268-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600025 ER PT J AU Yang, L Wang, XL Stoica, AD Almer, J Shi, D Wang, WH AF Yang, L. Wang, X. L. Stoica, A. D. Almer, J. Shi, D. Wang, W. H. TI Multistage devitrification behavior of Mg(65)Cu(25)Tb(10) bulk metallic glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN ID QUASI-CRYSTAL; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFRACTION; PARTICLES AB The devitrification of Mg(65)Cu(25)Tb(10) bulk metallic glass (BMG) has been studied by time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) simultaneously. By analyzing the interference peaks on SAXS patterns and the Bragg peaks on WAXS patterns, it is found that devitrification initiates by activation of quenched-in short-range orders. Crystallization proceeds in three stages. During stage I, icosahedral clusters are formed that transforms to a quasi-crystalline 1/1 approximant during stage II, accompanied by the formation of cubic TbMg(3). In stage III, the 1/1 approximant transforms to a 2/1 approximant. The orthorhombic CuMg(2) phase is formed at a higher temperature when the quasi-crystalline phase starts to decompose. Pair distribution functions were evaluated to demonstrate these structural evolutions in real space. C1 [Yang, L.; Shi, D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Wang, X. L.; Stoica, A. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Almer, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, W. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM yangl@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39A IS 8 BP 1947 EP 1952 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9415-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315NL UT WOS:000256886600026 ER PT J AU Yada, T Floss, C Stadermann, FJ Zinner, E Nakamura, T Noguchi, T Lea, AS AF Yada, Toru Floss, Christine Stadermann, Frank J. Zinner, Ernst Nakamura, Tomoki Noguchi, Takaaki Lea, A. Scott TI Stardust in Antarctic micrometeorites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; PRESOLAR SPINEL GRAINS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; ACCRETION RATE; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; GALACTIC EVOLUTION; DEEP CIRCULATION; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS AB We report the discovery of presolar silicate, oxide(hibonite), and (possibly) SiC grains in four Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs). The oxygen isotopic compositions of the eighteen presolar silicate (and one oxide) grains found are similar those observed previously in primitive meteorites and interplanetary dust particles, and indicate origins in oxygen-rich red giant or asymptotic giant branch stars, or in supernovae. Four grains with anomalous C isotopic compositions were also detected. (12)C/(13)C as well as Si ratios are similar to those of mainstream SiC grains; the N isotopic composition of one grain is also consistent with a mainstream SiC classification. Presolar silicate grains were found in three of the seven AMMs studies, and are heterogeneously distributed within these micrometeorites. Fourteen of the 18 presolar silicate grains and 3 of the 4 C-anomalous grains were found within one AMM, T98G8. Presolar silicate-bearing micrometeorites contain crystalline silicates that give sharp X-ray diffractions and do not contain magnesiowustite, which forms mainly through the decomposition of phyllosilicates and carbonates. The occurrence of this mineral in AMMs without presolar silicates suggests that secondary parent body processes probably determine file presence or absence of presolar silicates in Antarctic micrometeorites. C1 [Yada, Toru; Floss, Christine; Stadermann, Frank J.; Zinner, Ernst] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Yada, Toru; Floss, Christine; Stadermann, Frank J.; Zinner, Ernst] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Yada, Toru] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Noguchi, Takaaki] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Materialog & Biol Sci, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Lea, A. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Floss, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM floss@wustl.edu OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists; NASA [NG04GG49G, NNX07AI45G] FX We thank the Antarctic Meteorite Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan for providing the unprocessed fine-grained samples from which the AMMs used in this study were extracted. We are grateful to Dr. Daisuke Nakashima for collecting some of the AMMs studied here. We appreciate the efforts of the undergraduate students in T. Noguchi's laboratory in collecting similar to 3000 AMMs from these samples. We also thank Tim Smolar for maintenance of the NanoSIMS instrument. This paper benefited greatly from careful and constructive reviews by Larry Nittler and Matthew Genge and we appreciate their comments. A portion of the research described in this paper was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This study was partially Supported by the Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists to T. Yada. and by NASA grants NNG04GG49G and NNX07AI45G to C. Floss. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1298 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 381OI UT WOS:000261545400003 ER PT J AU Welten, KC Nishiizumi, K Lavielle, B Caffee, MW Hillegonds, DJ Finkel, RC Kollar, D Masarik, J AF Welten, K. C. Nishiizumi, K. Lavielle, B. Caffee, M. W. Hillegonds, D. J. Finkel, R. C. Kollar, D. Masarik, J. TI The complex exposure histories of the Pitts and Horse Creek iron meteorites: Implications for meteorite delivery models SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY-PRODUCED NUCLIDES; PRODUCTION-RATES; NOBLE-GASES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; AMS STANDARDS; RARE-GASES; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; ASTEROID BELT; AGES; ORIGIN AB The concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclides and noble gases in Pitts (IAB) and Horse Creek (ungrouped) provide unambiguous evidence that both irons have a complex exposure history with a first-stage irradiation of 100-600 Myr under high shielding, followed by a second-stage exposure of similar to 1 Myr as small objects. The first-stage exposure ages of similar to 100 Myr for Horse Creek and similar to 600 Myr for Pitts are similar to cosmic-ray exposure ages of other iron meteorites. and most likely represent the Yarkovsky orbital drift times of irons from their parent bodies in the main asteroid belt to one of the nearby chaotic resonance zones. The short second-stage exposure ages indicate that collisional debris front recent impact events oil their precursor objects was quickly delivered to Earth. The short delivery times suggests that the recent collision events Occurred while the precursor objects of Horse Creek and Pitts were either very close to the chaotic resonance zone,,; or already in Earth-crossing orbits. Since the cosmogenic noble gas records of Horse Creek and Pitts indicate a minimum radius of a few meters for the precursor objects, but do not exclude km-sized objects. we Conclude that these irons may represent Fragments of two near-Earth asteroids, 3103 Eger and 1986 DA, respectively. Finally, we used the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in Horse Creek. which contains 2.5 wt% Si, to test Current model calculations for the production of cosmogenic (10)Be, (26)Al, and neonisotopes from iron, nickel, and silicon. C1 [Welten, K. C.; Nishiizumi, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lavielle, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, URA CNRS 451, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Caffee, M. W.; Hillegonds, D. J.; Finkel, R. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kollar, D.; Masarik, J.] Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Welten, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kcwelten@berkeley.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 FU NASA [NAG5-4992, NAG5-12846]; U.S. DOE [W-7405-ENG-48] FX We thank R. Clarke and T. McCoy of the Smithsonian Institution for providing samples of the Pitts and Horse Creek meteorites. We also thank F. Begemann and W. F. Bottke for Valuable discussions and O. Eugster, R. Wieler and A. J. T full for constructive reviews. This work was Supported by NASA grants NAG5-4992 and NAG5-12846, all LLNL-CAMS grant, and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under contract W-7405-ENG-48. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1321 EP 1332 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 381OI UT WOS:000261545400005 ER PT J AU Malac, M Zhu, YM Botton, G AF Malac, Marek Zhu, Yimei Botton, Gianluigi TI Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Microscopical Society of Canada 2007 - Preface SO MICRON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Malac, Marek] Univ Alberta, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Malac, Marek] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. [Botton, Gianluigi] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Malac, M (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM mmalac@phys.ualberta.ca NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 639 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2007.10.003 PG 2 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 344DZ UT WOS:000258907500001 PM 18060795 ER PT J AU Oxley, MP Pennycook, SJ AF Oxley, M. P. Pennycook, S. J. TI Image simulation for electron energy loss spectroscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE EELS; STEM; localization; nonlocality ID CORE-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED ELECTRONS; K-SHELL IONIZATION; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; MICROANALYSIS; LATTICE AB Aberration correction of the probe forming optics of the scanning transmission electron microscope has allowed the probe-forming aperture to be increased in size, resulting in probes of the order of I in diameter. The next generation of correctors promise even smaller probes. Improved spectrometer optics also offers the possibility of larger electron energy loss spectrometry detectors. The localization of images based on core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy is examined as function of both probe-forming aperture and detector size. The effective ionization is nonlocal in nature, and two common local approximations are compared to full nonlocal calculations. The affect of the channelling of the electron probe within the sample is also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Oxley, M. P.; Pennycook, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oxley, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM oxleymp@ornl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL Postdoctoral Research Program FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy and by appointment (MPO) to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Program administered jointly by ORNL and ORISE and by the ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2007.10.020 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 344DZ UT WOS:000258907500008 PM 18060796 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Zhao, Y Yang, G Zhu, YM AF Klie, Robert F. Zhao, Yuan Yang, Guang Zhu, Yimei TI High-resolution Z-contrast imaging and EELS study of functional oxide materials SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE complex oxide systems; Z-contrast imaging; YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO); LaCoO3 ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; SPIN-STATE TRANSITION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LACOO3; TRANSPORT C1 [Klie, Robert F.; Zhao, Yuan; Yang, Guang] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. [Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Inst Adv Electron Microscopy, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 W Taylor St,M-C 273, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. EM rfklie@uic.edu RI Yang, Guang/C-9022-2011 OI Yang, Guang/0000-0003-1117-1238 NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 723 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2007.10.018 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 344DZ UT WOS:000258907500015 PM 18082411 ER PT J AU Chang, HH Falick, AM Carlton, PM Sedat, JW DeRisi, JL Marletta, MA AF Chang, Henry H. Falick, Arnold M. Carlton, Peter M. Sedat, John W. DeRisi, Joseph L. Marletta, Michael A. TI N-terminal processing of proteins exported by malaria parasites SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; protein export; N-acetylation; endoplasmic reticulum; brefeldin A ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; SIGNAL-SEQUENCE CLEAVAGE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TARGETING SIGNAL; HOST ERYTHROCYTE; CELL MEMBRANE; TRAFFICKING; EXPRESSION; SURFACE AB Malaria parasites utilize a short N-terminal amino acid motif termed the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) to export an array of proteins to the host erythrocyte during blood stage infection. Using immunoaffinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, insight into this signal-mediated trafficking mechanism was gained by discovering that the PEXEL motif is cleaved and N-acetylated. PfHRPII and PfEMP2 are two soluble proteins exported by Plasmodium falciparum that were demonstrated to undergo PEXEL cleavage and N-acetylation, thus indicating that this N-terminal processing may be general to many exported soluble proteins. It was established that PEXEL processing occurs upstream of the brefeldin A-sensitive trafficking step in the P.falciparum secretory pathway, therefore cleavage and N-acetylation of the PEXEL motif occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the parasite. Furthermore, it was shown that the recognition of the processed N-terminus of exported proteins within the parasitophorous vacuole may be crucial for protein transport to the host erythrocyte. It appears that the PEXEL may be defined as a novel ER peptidase cleavage site and a classical N-acetyltransferase substrate sequence. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Henry H.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Falick, Arnold M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carlton, Peter M.; Sedat, John W.; DeRisi, Joseph L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu OI Carlton, Peter/0000-0002-5320-6024 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM025101, R01 GM025101-28] NR 36 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 329ES UT WOS:000257850300005 PM 18534695 ER PT J AU Savidor, A Donahoo, RS Hurtado-Gonzales, O Land, ML Shah, MB Lamour, KH McDonald, WH AF Savidor, Alon Donahoo, Ryan S. Hurtado-Gonzales, Oscar Land, Miriam L. Shah, Manesh B. Lamour, Kurt H. McDonald, W. Hayes TI Cross-species global proteomics reveals conserved and unique processes in Phytophthora sojae and Phytophthora ramorum SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE PROTECTS; PEROXISOMAL BETA-OXIDATION; PARASITICA VAR.-NICOTIANAE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PLANT-CELLS; PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA AB Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora sojae are destructive plant pathogens. P. sojae has a narrow host range, whereas P. ramorum has a wide host range. A global proteomics comparison of the vegetative (mycelium) and infective (germinating cyst) life stages of P. sojae and P. ramorum was conducted to identify candidate proteins involved in host range, early infection, and vegetative growth. Sixty-two candidates for early infection, 26 candidates for vegetative growth, and numerous proteins that may be involved in defining host specificity were identified. In addition, common life stage proteomic trends between the organisms were observed. In mycelia, proteins involved in transport and metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and other small molecules were up-regulated. In the germinating cysts, up-regulated proteins associated with lipid transport and metabolism, cytoskeleton, and protein synthesis were observed. It appears that the germinating cyst catabolizes lipid reserves through the beta-oxidation pathway to drive the extensive protein synthesis necessary to produce the germ tube and initiate infection. Once inside the host, the pathogen switches to vegetative growth in which energy is derived from glycolysis and utilized for synthesis of amino acids and other molecules that assist survival in the plant tissue. C1 [McDonald, W. Hayes] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Savidor, Alon] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Donahoo, Ryan S.; Hurtado-Gonzales, Oscar] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Land, Miriam L.; Shah, Manesh B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP McDonald, WH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcdonaldwh@ornl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X NR 86 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1501 EP 1516 DI 10.1074/mcp.M700431-MCP200 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 335IG UT WOS:000258283400008 PM 18316789 ER PT J AU Sieker, F Straatsma, TP Springer, S Zacharias, M AF Sieker, Florian Straatsma, Tjerk P. Springer, Sebastian Zacharias, Martin TI Differential tapasin dependence of MHC class I molecules correlates with conformational changes upon peptide dissociation: A molecular dynamics simulation study SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MHC class I flexibility; empty class I structure; peptide loading; tapasin class I interaction; class I; protein dynamics; molecular simulation ID POLYMORPHISM CONTROLS; COMPLEX; BINDING; TAP; DOMAIN; SPECIFICITY; SELECTION; PROTEINS; H-2D(B); PATHWAY AB Efficiency of peptide loading to MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum is allele specific and can involve interaction with tapasin and other proteins. Allele HLA-B*4402 depends on tapasin whereas HLA-B*4405 (Tyr116 instead of Asp in B*4402) can efficiently load peptides without tapasin. Both alleles adopt very similar structures in the presence of the same peptide. Molecular dynamics simulations on peptide termini dissociation from the alpha(1)/alpha(2) binding domains were used to characterize structural and free energy changes. The magnitude of the calculated free energy change and the shape of the free energy curve vs. distance for induced peptide C terminus dissociation differed for B*4405 compared to B*4402. Structural changes during C terminus dissociation occurred mainly in the first segment of the alpha(2)-helix that flanks the peptide C terminus binding region (F pocket) and contacts residue 116. This segment is also close to the proposed tapasin contact region. For B*4402, a stable shift towards an altered open Fpocket structure deviating significantly from the bound form was observed. In contrast, B*4405 showed only a transient opening of the F pocket followed by relaxation towards a structure close to the bound (receptive) form upon C terminus dissociation. The greater tendency for a peptide-receptive conformation in the absence of peptide combined with more long-range interactions with the peptide C terminus facilitates peptide binding to B*4405 and correlates with the tapasin-independence of this allele. A possible role of tapasin in case of HLA-B*4402 and other tapasin-dependent alleles could be the stabilization of a peptide-receptive class I conformation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zacharias, Martin] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Straatsma, Tjerk P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zacharias, M (reprint author), Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. EM m.zacharias@jacobs-university.de OI Springer, Sebastian/0000-0002-5527-6149 FU Data Intensive Computing for Complex Biological Systems; DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Jacobs University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratories [gc9593] FX We thank A. May, C. Schneeweiss, and Dr. R. Lins for helpful discussions. TPS is supported by the Data Intensive Computing for Complex Biological Systems project funded by the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle. This work was performed using the computational resources of the CLAMV (Computational Laboratories for Animation, Modeling and Visualization) at Jacobs University and supercomputer resources of the EMSL (Environmental Molecular Science Laboratories) at the PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratories; grant gc9593). NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 14 BP 3714 EP 3722 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.06.009 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 352CX UT WOS:000259473900004 PM 18639935 ER PT J AU Rezacova, P Kozisek, M Moy, SF Sieglova, I Joachimiak, A Machlus, M Otwinowski, Z AF Rezacova, Pavlina Kozisek, Milan Moy, Shiu F. Sieglova, Irena Joachimiak, Andrzej Machlus, Mischa Otwinowski, Zbyszek TI Crystal structures of the effector-binding domain of repressor Central glycolytic gene Regulator from Bacillus subtilis reveal ligand-induced structural changes upon binding of several glycolytic intermediates SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; MODEL; REFINEMENT; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; RESOLUTION; DEAMINASE; MECHANISM; ENZYMES AB Expression of genes in the gapA operon encoding five enzymes for triose phosphate interconversion in Bacillus subtilis is negatively regulated by the Central glycolytic genes Regulator (CggR). CggR belongs to the large SorC/DeoR family of prokaryotic transcriptional regulators, characterized by an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a large C-terminal effector-binding domain. When no glucose is present in growth media, CggR binds to its target DNA sequence and blocks the transcription of genes in the gapA operon. In the presence of glucose, binding of the known effector molecule fructose-1,6-bisphosphate abolishes this interaction. We have identified dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate as additional CggR ligands that can bind to the effector-binding site. Crystal structures of C-CggR, the C-terminal effector-binding domain of CggR, both unliganded as well as in complex with the four ligands at resolutions between 1.65 and 1.80 angstrom reveal unique ligand-specific structural changes in the binding site that affect the dimer interface. Binding affinities of these ligands were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Chemical cross-linking shows that CggR oligomerization is mediated through its effector-binding domain, and that binding of the different ligands differentially affects the distribution of oligomers. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) confirmed a destabilizing effect of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on the CggR/DNA complex, and also showed similar effects for dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Our results suggest that CggR stability and function may be modulated by various effectors in a complex fashion. C1 [Rezacova, Pavlina; Machlus, Mischa; Otwinowski, Zbyszek] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Rezacova, Pavlina; Sieglova, Irena] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Mol Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Rezacova, Pavlina; Kozisek, Milan; Sieglova, Irena] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic. [Moy, Shiu F.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moy, Shiu F.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rezacova, P (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM rezacova@uochb.cas.cz RI Otwinowski, Zbyszek/F-3665-2011; Kozisek, Milan/D-4234-2013; Maloy Rezacova, Pavlina/G-3600-2014 FU National Institutes of Health [GM074942]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AVOZ50520514, AVOZ40550506]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [1M0508, ME08016] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM074942 and in part by projects Nos. AVOZ50520514 and AVOZ40550506 awarded by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Grants 1M0508 and ME08016 from the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. The authors wish to thank Min Zhou and other members of the Structural Biology Center at Argonne National Laboratory for their help with protein purification and conducting data collection at 19-ID and 19-BM beamlines, and Dominika Borek for her help with diffraction data collection. Results shown in this report are derived from work performed at Argonne National Laboratory, Structural Biology Center at the Advanced Photon Source. Argonne is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 69 IS 4 BP 895 EP 910 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06318.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 339RM UT WOS:000258595000010 PM 18554327 ER PT J AU Nanjundan, M Cheng, KW Zhang, F Lahad, J Kuo, WL Schmandt, R Smith-McCune, K Fishman, D Gray, JW Mills, GB AF Nanjundan, Meera Cheng, Kwai Wa Zhang, Fan Lahad, John Kuo, Wen-Lin Schmandt, Rosemarie Smith-McCune, Karen Fishman, David Gray, Joe W. Mills, Gordon B. TI Overexpression of SnoN/SkiL, amplified at the 3q26.2 locus, in ovarian cancers: A role in ovarian pathogenesis SO MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SnoN/SkiL; Ovarian cancers; Senescence; Growth arrest; p21; 3q26.2 amplicon ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; DNA COPY NUMBER; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; PROGNOSTIC MARKER; BREAST CARCINOMAS; MUTATION ANALYSIS; SNON ONCOPROTEIN AB High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 235 serous epithelial ovarian cancers demonstrated a regional increase at 3q26.2 encompassing SnoN/SkiL, a coregulator of SMAD/TGF beta signaling. SnoN RNA transcripts were elevated in similar to 80% of advanced stage serous epithelial ovarian cancers. In both immortalized normal (TIOSE) and ovarian carcinoma cell lines (OVCA), SnoN RNA levels were increased by TGF beta stimulation and altered by LY294002 and JNK II inhibitor treatment suggesting that the PI3K and JNK signaling pathways may regulate TGFP-induced increases in SnoN RNA. In TIOSE, SnoN protein levels were reduced 15 min post TGF beta-stimulation, likely by proteosome-mediated degradation. In contrast, in OVCA, SnoN levels were elevated 3 h post-stimulation potentially as a result of inhibition of the proteosome. To elucidate the role of SnoN in ovarian tumorigenesis, we explored the effects of both increasing and decreasing SnoN levels. In both TIOSE and OVCA, SnoN siRNA decreased cell growth between 20 and 50% concurrent with increased p21 levels. In TIOSE, transient expression of SnoN repressed TGF beta induction of PAI-1 promoters with little effect on the p21 promoter or resultant cell growth. In contrast to the effects of transient expression, stable expression of SnoN in TIOSE led to growth arrest through induction of senescence. Collectively, these results implicate SnoN levels in multiple roles during ovarian carcinogenesis: promoting cellular proliferation in ovarian cancer cells and as a positive mediator of cell cycle arrest and senescence in non-transformed ovarian epithelial cells. (C) 2008 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nanjundan, Meera] Univ S Florida, Div Cell Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nanjundan, Meera; Cheng, Kwai Wa; Zhang, Fan; Lahad, John; Mills, Gordon B.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Syst Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kuo, Wen-Lin; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, Berkeley, CA USA. [Kuo, Wen-Lin; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmandt, Rosemarie] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Genecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith-McCune, Karen] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Fishman, David] NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Nanjundan, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Div Cell Microbiol & Mol Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM mnanjund@cas.usf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA123219, P01 CA064602-04S10003, P50 CA070907, P01 CA064602-060008, P01CA64602, P50 CA083639, P01 CA064602, P30 CA16672, P50 CA098258, P50 CA083639-050004, R01 CA123219-01A2, P30 CA016672] NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1574-7891 J9 MOL ONCOL JI Mol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 164 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.molonc.2008.05.001 PG 18 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 417FO UT WOS:000264062100004 PM 19383336 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Maslov, S Shakhnovich, EI AF Zhang, Jingshan Maslov, Sergei Shakhnovich, Eugene I. TI Constraints imposed by non-functional protein-protein interactions on gene expression and proteome size SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-functional interaction; protein-protein interaction; proteome size; yeast cytoplasm ID SIMPLE PHYSICAL MODEL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERACTION NETWORKS; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; YEAST PROTEOME; BUDDING YEAST; HOT-SPOTS; BINDING; ENERGY AB Crowded intracellular environments present a challenge for proteins to form functional specific complexes while reducing non-functional interactions with promiscuous non-functional partners. Here we show how the need to minimize the waste of resources to non-functional interactions limits the proteome diversity and the average concentration of co-expressed and co-localized proteins. Using the results of high-throughput Yeast 2-Hybrid experiments, we estimate the characteristic strength of non-functional protein-protein interactions. By combining these data with the strengths of specific interactions, we assess the fraction of time proteins spend tied up in non-functional interactions as a function of their overall concentration. This allows us to sketch the phase diagram for baker's yeast cells using the experimentally measured concentrations and subcellular localization of their proteins. The positions of yeast compartments on the phase diagram are consistent with our hypothesis that the yeast proteome has evolved to operate closely to the upper limit of its size, whereas keeping individual protein concentrations sufficiently low to reduce non-functional interactions. These findings have implication for conceptual understanding of intracellular compartmentalization, multicellularity and differentiation. C1 [Zhang, Jingshan; Shakhnovich, Eugene I.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maslov, Sergei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shakhnovich, EI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM eugene@belok.harvard.edu RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X FU National Institutes of Health; Division of Material Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was carried out under Division of Material Science, US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1744-4292 J9 MOL SYST BIOL JI Mol. Syst. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 AR 210 DI 10.1038/msb.2008.48 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 344NS UT WOS:000258935100001 PM 18682700 ER PT J AU Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J Perez, MR AF Ardavan, Houshang Ardavan, Arzhang Singleton, John Perez, Mario R. TI Mechanism of generation of the emission bands in the dynamic spectrum of the Crab pulsar SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; pulsars : individual : Crab nebula pulsar ID ROTATING DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; POLARIZATION CURRENTS; SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; PLASMA; ELECTRODYNAMICS; LIGHT AB We show that the proportionately spaced emission bands in the dynamic spectrum of the Crab pulsar fit the oscillations of the square of a Bessel function whose argument exceeds its order. This function has already been encountered in the analysis of the emission from a polarization current with a superluminal distribution pattern: a current whose distribution pattern rotates (with an angular frequency omega) and oscillates (with a frequency Omega > omega differing from an integral multiple of omega) at the same time. Using the results of our earlier analysis, we find that the dependence on frequency of the spacing and width of the observed emission bands can be quantitatively accounted for by an appropriate choice of the value of the single free parameter Omega/omega. In addition, the value of this parameter, thus implied by Hankins & Eilek's data, places the last peak in the amplitude of the oscillating Bessel function in question at a frequency (similar to Omega(3)/omega(2)) that agrees with the position of the observed ultraviolet peak in the spectrum of the Crab pulsar. We also show how the suppression of the emission bands by the interference of the contributions from differing polarizations can account for the differences in the time and frequency signatures of the interpulse and the main pulse in the Crab pulsar. Finally, we put the emission bands in the context of the observed continuum spectrum of the Crab pulsar by fitting this broad- band spectrum (over 16 orders of magnitude of frequency) with that generated by an electric current with a superluminally rotating distribution pattern. C1 [Ardavan, Houshang] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Ardavan, Arzhang] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Singleton, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ardavan, H (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM jsingle@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 2 BP 873 EP 883 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13457.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328EU UT WOS:000257781400032 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Feldman, HA Juszkiewicz, R Stebbins, A AF Zhang, Pengjie Feldman, Hume A. Juszkiewicz, Roman Stebbins, Albert TI A new method of measuring the cluster peculiar velocity power spectrum SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; dark matter; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; IA SUPERNOVAE; BULK FLOWS; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; FIELDS; FLUCTUATIONS; STATISTICS; DENSITY; MOMENTS AB We propose to use spatial correlations of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (KSZ) flux as an estimator of the peculiar velocity power spectrum. In contrast with conventional techniques, our new method does not require measurements of the thermal SZ signal or the X-ray temperature. Moreover, this method has the special advantage that the expected systematic errors are always subdominant to statistical errors on all scales and redshifts of interest. We show that future large sky coverage KSZ surveys may allow a peculiar velocity power spectrum estimates of an accuracy reaching similar to 10 per cent. C1 [Zhang, Pengjie] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Pengjie; Stebbins, Albert] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Feldman, Hume A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Juszkiewicz, Roman] Zielona Gora Univ, Inst Astron, PL-65516 Zielona Gora, Poland. [Juszkiewicz, Roman] Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM pjzhang@shao.ac.cn; feldman@ku.edu; roman@camk.edu.pl; stebbins@fnal.gov RI ZHANG, PENGJIE/O-2825-2015 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 2 BP 884 EP 888 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13454.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328EU UT WOS:000257781400033 ER PT J AU O'Brien, M Egan, D O'Kiely, P Forristal, PD Doohan, FM Fuller, HT AF O'Brien, Martin Egan, Damian O'Kiely, Padraig Forristal, Patrick D. Doohan, Fiona M. Fuller, Hubert T. TI Morphological and molecular characterisation of Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum isolated from baled grass silage SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cultural features; forage; mould; phylogenetic analyses; spoilage ID MOLD-RIPENED CHEESE; MAIZE SILAGE; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; CONSERVATION; CHRYSOGENUM; MYCOTOXINS; POSITION; IRELAND; GROWTH AB The morphological and molecular features of Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum isolated from baled grass silage were characterised. A total of 315 isolates were investigated, comprising 237 P. roqueforti and 78 P. paneum isolates randomly selected from more than 900 Penicillium colonies cultured from bales. The macromorphological features of both species broadly agreed with the literature, but the micromorphological features differed in some respects. When observed using SEM, P. roqueforti and P. paneum had finely roughened conidia, and conidiophores, phialides and conidia of P. paneum were each larger than those of P. roqueforti. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of beta-tubulin and acetyl co-enzyme A (CoA) synthetase genes, P. roqueforti and P. paneum isolates were found to be monophyletic species. (c) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Brien, Martin; O'Kiely, Padraig] TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. [O'Brien, Martin; Egan, Damian; Doohan, Fiona M.; Fuller, Hubert T.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Coll Life Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Forristal, Patrick D.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Brien, M (reprint author), TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM martin.obrien@teagasc.ie RI Doohan, Fiona/A-7462-2008; OI Doohan, Fiona/0000-0002-1953-6070; O'Brien, Martin/0000-0003-1096-1991 FU Teagasc Walsh FX We thank Dr Tommy Gallagher, Dr Emma Teeling and Ms Gwyneth MacMaster for their help with the phylogenetic analysis, Brendan Bury for the preparation of SEM images and Dr Josephine Brennan for her expertise in the laboratory. We are grateful to farmers for permitting sampling on their farms. A Teagasc Walsh Fellowship Research Scholarship awarded to M.O'B. supported this study. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 112 BP 921 EP 932 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.023 PN 8 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 342US UT WOS:000258809700004 PM 18554890 ER PT J AU Scrymgeour, DA Hsu, JWP AF Scrymgeour, David A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Correlated piezoelectric and electrical properties in individual ZnO nanorods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CDS CRYSTAL; NANOWIRES; CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN; FILMS; RESISTIVITY; FABRICATION; TRANSISTORS AB Resistivity and piezoelectric response of individual ZnO nanorods were measured using scanning force microscopy. We found a variation in resistivity of 3 orders of magnitude, from 0.1 to 155 Omega cm and in piezoelectric coefficient ranging from 0.4 to 9.5 pm/V in ZnO nanorods grown from solution at the same time on the same substrate. However, there exists a clear correlation between these two properties: nanorods with low piezoelectric response display low resistivity. The relationship is explained by the reduction of the Madelung constant due to free electrons. The results highlight that slight differences in the local environment during synthesis can cause large variation in physical properties found among similar nanostructures. These variations cannot be revealed through ensemble measurements and may contribute to the confusion in the literature of individual nanostructure properties. We demonstrate that correlating multiple physical properties on individual nanostructures provides an insight into the origin of the varying physical properties. C1 [Scrymgeour, David A.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scrymgeour, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dscrying@sandia.gov RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 FU Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank B. Swartzentruber for helpful discussions, J. Sigman for assistance with the hydrogen annealing, and P. Kotula for the TEM imaging. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2204 EP 2209 DI 10.1021/nl080704n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700016 PM 18624383 ER PT J AU Raorane, D Lim, SHS Majumdar, A AF Raorane, Digvijay Lim, Si-Hyung Shawn Majumdar, Arun TI Nanomechanical assay to investigate the selectivity of binding interactions between volatile benzene derivatives SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSOR; CARBON NANOTUBES; ARRAY; RECOGNITION; SENSITIVITY; EXPLOSIVES; SURFACES; SYSTEM; FILMS; GOLD AB Understanding the interactions between aromatic gas molecules and various simple aromatic receptor molecules is important in developing selective receptors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, five benzene thiols with different functional end groups were used to investigate the weak binding of aromatic vapors such as dinitrotolouene (DNT) and toluene. A multiplexed microcantilever array in conjunction with a very low concentration vapor generation system was developed to study multiple receptor-target interactions simultaneously. Differential nanomechanical responses of such devices provided insight into the influence of various chemical and structural features of such molecules. C1 [Raorane, Digvijay; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Lim, Si-Hyung Shawn] Kookmin Univ, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu FU Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS); University of California, Berkeley, the National Science Foundation [0425914]; Department of Energy FX We thank Dr. Thomas Thundat of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We also thank the Microfabrication Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, for providing microfabrication facilities. This work was partly supported by Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS) at University of California, Berkeley, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0425914 and Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2229 EP 2235 DI 10.1021/nl080829s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700021 PM 18616329 ER PT J AU Shir, D Liao, HW Jeon, S Xiao, D Johnson, HT Bogart, GR Bogart, KHA Rogers, JA AF Shir, Daniel Liao, Hongwei Jeon, Seokwoo Xiao, Dong Johnson, Harley T. Bogart, Gregory R. Bogart, Katherine H. A. Rogers, John A. TI Three-dimensional nanostructures formed by single step, two-photon exposures through elastomeric Penrose quasicrystal phase masks SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTERFERENCE; FABRICATION; LASER AB We describe the fabrication of unusual classes of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures using single step, two-photon exposures of photopolymers through elastomeric phase masks with 5-fold, Penrose quasicrystalline layouts. Confocal imaging, computational studies, and 3D reconstructions reveal the essential aspects of the flow of light through these quasicrystal masks. The resulting nanostructures show interesting features, including quasicrystalline layouts in planes parallel to the sample surfaces, with completely aperiodic variations through their depths, consistent with the optics. Spectroscopic measurements of transmission and reflection provide additional insights. C1 [Shir, Daniel; Liao, Hongwei; Jeon, Seokwoo; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xiao, Dong; Johnson, Harley T.; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnson, Harley T.; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnson, Harley T.; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bogart, Gregory R.; Bogart, Katherine H. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Liao, Hongwei/C-8652-2011; JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46471]; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46471, DE-FG02-07ER46453] FX We thank T. Banks and K. Colravy for help with processing using facilities at the Materials Research Laboratory. This work is supported by the DOE through Grant DE-FG02-07ER46471 and Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The facilities included the Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2236 EP 2244 DI 10.1021/nl080841k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700022 PM 18605700 ER PT J AU Bok, HM Shuford, KL Kim, S Kim, SK Park, S AF Bok, Hye-Mi Shuford, Kevin L. Kim, Sungwan Kim, Seong Kyu Park, Sungho TI Multiple surface plasmon modes for a colloidal solution of nanoporous gold nanorods and their comparison to smooth gold nanorods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RESONANCES; PARTICLES AB The paper represents a novel approach to investigating localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance modes of nanoporous Au nanorods (NRs) in a solution phase with control over surface morphology. Au NRs, which have distinctive features such as nanopores and ligaments, showed interesting LSP resonance modes depending on the surface morphology and the total length of the structure. Compared with the analogous smooth surface NRs, the LSP modes of nanoporous NRs are red-shifted, which can be interpreted as a longer effective rod length and larger amplitude of plasmon oscillation. C1 [Bok, Hye-Mi; Kim, Sungwan; Kim, Seong Kyu; Park, Sungho] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Sch Chem Mat Sci BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Park, Sungho] Sungkyunkwan Univ, SKKU Adv Inst Nanotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Shuford, Kevin L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Sch Chem Mat Sci BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM spark72@skku.edu RI Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 FU Korean Government [MOEHRD, KRF-2005-005-J11902, KRF-C00050]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2006-000-10426-0-2006)]; KOSEF-SRC; Wigner Fellowship Program; Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, KRF-2005-005-J11902 and KRF-C00050) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2006-000-10426-0-2006). S.K.K. thanks the KOSEF-SRC program (Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites). K.L.S. was supported by the Wigner Fellowship Program and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Rid-e National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 27 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2265 EP 2270 DI 10.1021/nl800924r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700026 PM 18605703 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Feser, JP Lee, JS Talapin, DV Segalman, R Majumdar, A AF Wang, Robert Y. Feser, Joseph P. Lee, Jong-Soo Talapin, Dmitri V. Segalman, Rachel Majumdar, Arun TI Enhanced thermopower in PbSe nanocrystal quantum dot superlattices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SILICON NANOWIRES; HIGH FIGURE; MERIT; CRYSTAL; DEVICES; SOLIDS AB We examine the effect of strong three-dimensional quantum confinement on the thermopower and electrical conductivity of PbSe nanocrystal superlattices. We show that for comparable carrier concentrations PbSe nanocrystal superlatt ices exhibit a substantial thermopower enhancement of several hundred microvolts per Kelvin relative to bulk PbSe. We also find that thermopower increases monotonically as the nanocrystal size decreases due to changes in carrier concentration. Lastly, we demonstrate that thermopower of PbSe nanocrystal solids can be tailored by charge-transfer doping. C1 [Lee, Jong-Soo; Talapin, Dmitri V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Robert Y.; Feser, Joseph P.; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Jong-Soo; Talapin, Dmitri V.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Segalman, Rachel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Talapin, DV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dvtalapin@uchicago.edu; segalman@berkeley.edu; majumdar@me.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Jong-Soo /F-7461-2010; Wang, Robert/A-5801-2013; OI Lee, Jong-Soo /0000-0002-3045-2206; Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory; NSF IGERT; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH 11231]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0213745] FX We acknowledge the support of the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. We thank the UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory for the use of their facilities. R.Y.W. gratefully acknowledges a NSF IGERT fellowship. Work at the Molecular Foundry was Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH 11231. D.V.T. acknowledges NSF MRSEC program under Award No. DMR-0213745. NR 32 TC 176 Z9 176 U1 9 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2283 EP 2288 DI 10.1021/nl8009704 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700029 PM 18597536 ER PT J AU Hill, HD Macfarlane, RJ Senesi, AJ Lee, B Park, SY Mirkin, CA AF Hill, Haley D. Macfarlane, Robert J. Senesi, Andrew J. Lee, Byeongdu Park, Sung Yong Mirkin, Chad A. TI Controlling the lattice parameters of gold nanoparticle FCC crystals with duplex DNA linkers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; CRYSTALLIZATION; PROBES AB DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles can be used to induce the formation and control the unit cell parameters of highly ordered face-centered cubic crystal lattices. Nanoparticle spacing increases linearly with longer DNA interconnect length, yielding maximum unit cell parameters of 77 nm and 0.52% inorganic-filled space for the DNA constructs studied. In general, we show that longer DNA connections result in a decrease in the overall crystallinity and order of the lattice due to greater conformational flexibility. C1 [Hill, Haley D.; Macfarlane, Robert J.; Senesi, Andrew J.; Park, Sung Yong; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hill, Haley D.; Macfarlane, Robert J.; Senesi, Andrew J.; Park, Sung Yong; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mirkin, CA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM chadnano@northwestern.edu RI Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU NSF-NSEC; AFOSR; NCI CCNE; NIH Director's Pioneer Award; U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; The Dow Chemical Company; State of Illinois; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX C.A.M. acknowledges the NSF-NSEC, the AFOSR, and the NCI CCNE for the support of this work. He also is grateful for a NIH Director's Pioneer Award. H.D.H. acknowledges the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for a Graduate Fellowship under the DHS Scholarship and Fellowship Program. Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2341 EP 2344 DI 10.1021/nl8011787 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700039 PM 18572967 ER PT J AU Park, JY Lee, H Renzas, JR Zhang, YW Somorjai, GA AF Park, Jeong Y. Lee, Hyunjoo Renzas, J. Russell Zhang, Yawen Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Probing hot electron flow generated on Pt nanoparticles with Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes during catalytic CO oxidation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTIONS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; NOBLE-METALS; NANODIODE; SURFACE; HYDROGENATION; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSCIENCE; PROMOTION; SCIENCE AB Hot electron flow generated on colloid platinum nanoparticles during exothermic catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation was directly detected with Au/TiO2 diodes. Although Au/TiO2 diodes are not catalytically active, platinum nanoparticles on Au/TiO2 exhibit both chemicurrent and catalytic turnover rate. Hot electrons are generated on the surface of the metal nanoparticles and go over the Schottky energy barrier between Au and TiO2. The continuous Au layer ensures that the metal nanoparticles are electrically connected to the device. The overall thickness of the metal assembly (nanoparticles and Au thin film) is comparable to the mean free path of hot electrons, resulting in ballistic transport through the metal. The chemicurrent and chemical reactivity of nanoparticles with citrate, hexadecylamine, hexadecylthiol, and TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) capping agents were measured during catalytic CO oxidation at pressures of 100 Torr O-2 and 40 Torr CO at 373 similar to 513 K. We found that chemicurrent yield varies with each capping agent but always decreases with increasing temperature. We suggest that this inverse temperature dependence is associated with the influence of charging effects due to the organic capping layer during hot electron transport through the metal-oxide interface. C1 [Park, Jeong Y.; Lee, Hyunjoo; Renzas, J. Russell; Zhang, Yawen; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jeong Y.; Lee, Hyunjoo; Renzas, J. Russell; Zhang, Yawen; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jeong Y.; Lee, Hyunjoo; Renzas, J. Russell; Zhang, Yawen; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, PKU HKU Joint Lab Rare Earth Mat & Bioinorgan Che, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Lee, Hyunjoo/G-8034-2012 OI Lee, Hyunjoo/0000-0002-4538-9086 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH 11231]; Peking University Education Foundation of China FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH 11231, and portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Y.W.Z. gratefully acknowledges the financial aid of Huaxin Distinguished Scholar Award from Peking University Education Foundation of China. We thank Sergey Maximoff for his helpful comments. NR 31 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2388 EP 2392 DI 10.1021/nl8012456 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700048 PM 18572970 ER PT J AU King, JS Wittstock, A Biener, J Kucheyev, SO Wang, YM Baumann, TF Giri, SK Hamza, AV Baeumer, M Bent, SF AF King, Jeffrey S. Wittstock, Arne Biener, Juergen Kucheyev, Sergei O. Wang, Yinmin M. Baumann, Theodore F. Giri, Sandeep K. Hamza, Alex V. Baeumer, Marcus Bent, Stacey F. TI Ultralow loading Pt nanocatalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition on carbon aerogels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; CATALYSIS; PLATINUM; NANOPARTICLES; PRESSURES AB Using atomic layer deposition (ALD), we show that lot nanoparticles can be deposited on the inner surfaces of carbon aerogels (CA). The resultant Pt-loaded materials exhibit high catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO even at loading levels as low as similar to 0.05 mg Pt/cm(2). We observe a conversion efficiency of nearly 100% in the 150-250 degrees C temperatures range, and the total conversion rate seems to be limited only by the thermal stability of the CA support in ambient oxygen. The ALD approach described here is universal in nature, and can be applied to the design of new catalytic materials for a variety of applications, including fuel cells, hydrogen storage, pollution control, green chemistry, and liquid fuel production. C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Biener, Juergen; Kucheyev, Sergei O.; Wang, Yinmin M.; Baumann, Theodore F.; Hamza, Alex V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [King, Jeffrey S.; Giri, Sandeep K.; Bent, Stacey F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wittstock, Arne; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Angew & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Biener, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biener2@lln1.gov; mbaeumer@uni-bremen.de; sbent@stanford.edu RI Baumer, Marcus/S-5441-2016; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Baumer, Marcus/0000-0002-8620-1764; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 FU Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University; The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; U.S. DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX S.F.B. acknowledges the Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University and the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 18 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 7 U2 103 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2405 EP 2409 DI 10.1021/nl801299z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700051 PM 18636780 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Wadia, C Ma, WL Sadtler, B Alivisatos, AP AF Wu, Yue Wadia, Cyrus Ma, Wanli Sadtler, Bryce Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Synthesis and photovoltaic application of copper(I) sulfide nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; CDS NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRONICS; NANOWIRES; POLYMER; POWER AB We present the rational synthesis of colloidal copper(l) sulfide nanocrystals and demonstrate their application as an active light absorbing component in combination with US nanorods to make a solution-processed solar cell with 1.6% power conversion efficiency on both conventional glass substrates and flexible plastic substrates with stability over a 4 month testing period. C1 [Wu, Yue; Wadia, Cyrus; Ma, Wanli; Sadtler, Bryce; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU DAF AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0488]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Steven Hughes, Jungwon Park, Ching Ting, Jonathan S. Owen, and Paul-Emile Trudeau for helpful discussions. Y.W. thanks the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science for Miller Research Fellowship. C.W. thanks the Environmental Protection Agency for the EPA STAR Fellowship. This work was supported by DAF AFOSR under Award No. FA9550-06-1-0488 and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basics Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 28 TC 389 Z9 391 U1 20 U2 245 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2551 EP 2555 DI 10.1021/nl801817d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 337MR UT WOS:000258440700076 PM 18651779 ER PT J AU Lai, E Kim, W Yang, PD AF Lai, Elaine Kim, Woong Yang, Peidong TI Vertical Nanowire Array-Based Light Emitting Diodes SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanowire; electroluminescence; LED; waveguiding AB Electroluminescence from a nanowire array-based light emitting diode is reported. The junction consists of a p-type GaN thin film grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and a vertical n-type ZnO nanowire array grown epitaxially from the thin film through a simple low temperature solution method. The fabricated devices exhibit diode like current voltage behavior. Electroluminescence is visible to the human eye at a forward bias of 10 V and spectroscopy reveals that emission is dominated by acceptor to band transitions in the p-GaN thin film. It is suggested that the vertical nanowire architecture of the device leads to waveguided emission from the thin film through the nanowire array. C1 [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Kim, Woong/C-7067-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy; DARPA-UPR; Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Science of the U. S. Department of Energy; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and DARPA-UPR. Work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, and Division of Materials Science of the U. S. Department of Energy. EL thanks Sandia National Laboratories for financial support through an educational fellowship. NR 25 TC 131 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 92 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s12274-008-8017-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V10LV UT WOS:000207466400003 ER PT J AU Kirby, J Keasling, JD AF Kirby, James Keasling, Jay D. TI Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for isoprenoid production SO NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS LA English DT Review ID FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; HIGH-LEVEL PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEVALONATE PATHWAY; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; CAROTENOID PRODUCTION; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS AB Isoprenoids are ubiquitous in nature and range from essential cell components to unique secondary metabolites. The two isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways have received much attention from a metabolic engineering standpoint, and significant advances have been made in increasing flux through these pathways. Engineering later steps in isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, specifically those related to the functionalization of terpene backbones, is at an earlier stage of development, both in terms of gene discovery and heterologous expression. Here we review recent advances in the metabolic engineering of microbes for isoprenoid production as well as some novel approaches to gene discovery and expression. C1 [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Systemat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirby, James; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Systemat Biol, 717 Potter St, Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; University of California Discovery Grant Program, Maxygen, Diversa; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX Isoprenoid research in the Keasling laboratory has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the University of California Discovery Grant Program, Maxygen, Diversa, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 64 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0265-0568 J9 NAT PROD REP JI Nat. Prod. Rep. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1039/b802939c PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 338KI UT WOS:000258506200002 PM 18663389 ER PT J AU Gibson, F Anderson, L Babnigg, G Baker, M Berth, M Binz, PA Borthwick, A Cash, P Day, BW Friedman, DB Garland, D Gutstein, HB Hoogland, C Jones, NA Khan, A Klose, J Lamond, AI Lemkin, PF Lilley, KS Minden, J Morris, NJ Paton, NW Pisano, MR Prime, JE Rabilloud, T Stead, DA Taylor, CF Voshol, H Wipat, A Jones, AR AF Gibson, Frank Anderson, Leigh Babnigg, Gyorgy Baker, Mark Berth, Matthias Binz, Pierre-Alain Borthwick, Andy Cash, Phil Day, Billy W. Friedman, David B. Garland, Donita Gutstein, Howard B. Hoogland, Christine Jones, Neil A. Khan, Alamgir Klose, Joachim Lamond, Angus I. Lemkin, Peter F. Lilley, Kathryn S. Minden, Jonathan Morris, Nicholas J. Paton, Norman W. Pisano, Michael R. Prime, John E. Rabilloud, Thierry Stead, David A. Taylor, Chris F. Voshol, Hans Wipat, Anil Jones, Andrew R. TI Guidelines for reporting the use of gel electrophoresis in proteomics SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Gibson, Frank; Morris, Nicholas J.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Sch Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Anderson, Leigh] Plasma Proteome Inst, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Babnigg, Gyorgy] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, Mark; Khan, Alamgir] Australian Proteome Anal Facil Ltd, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Baker, Mark; Khan, Alamgir] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Berth, Matthias] Decodon GmbHW, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. [Binz, Pierre-Alain; Hoogland, Christine] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Binz, Pierre-Alain] GeneBio SA, CH-1206 Geneva, Switzerland. [Borthwick, Andy] Cuthbert House, Nonlinear Dynam, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 2ET, Tyne & Wear, England. [Cash, Phil] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med Microbiol, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Day, Billy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Proteom Core Lab, Dept Chem, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Friedman, David B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Mass Spectrometry Res Ctr, Proteom Lab, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Garland, Donita] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gutstein, Howard B.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gutstein, Howard B.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jones, Neil A.] GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Genet Res, Genom & Proteom Sci, Dis & Biomarker Proteom, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, England. [Klose, Joachim] Univ Med Berlin, Charite, Inst Human Genet, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Lamond, Angus I.] Univ Dundee, Wellcome Trust Bioctr MSI WTB Complex, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Lemkin, Peter F.] NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Lilley, Kathryn S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge Ctr Proteom, Cambridge CB2 1QR, England. [Minden, Jonathan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Paton, Norman W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Pisano, Michael R.] Proteom Res Serv Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Prime, John E.] KuDOS Pharmaceut, Cambridge CB4 0WG, England. [Rabilloud, Thierry] CEA, INSERM, DRDC, ICH,U548, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Stead, David A.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Taylor, Chris F.] European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Outstn, Cambridge, England. [Taylor, Chris F.] NERC, Environm Bioinformat Ctr, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. [Voshol, Hans] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wipat, Anil] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Comp Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Jones, Andrew R.] Univ Liverpool, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Preclin Vet Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, Merseyside, England. RP Gibson, F (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Sch Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM frank.gibson@ncl.ac.uk OI Hoogland, Christine/0000-0002-7341-1551; Morris, Nicholas/0000-0002-8389-7508; Lamond, Angus/0000-0001-6204-6045; Jones, Andrew/0000-0001-6118-9327; Taylor, Christopher/0000-0002-9666-798X; Binz, Pierre-Alain/0000-0002-0045-7698; Gibson, Frank/0000-0003-3382-1748; Baker, Mark/0000-0001-5858-4035; Paton, Norman/0000-0003-2008-6617 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C511613/1]; Wellcome Trust [073980] NR 2 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 8 BP 863 EP 864 DI 10.1038/nbt0808-863 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 335WX UT WOS:000258325500014 PM 18688234 ER PT J AU Andrews, NL Lidke, KA Pfeiffer, JR Burns, AR Wilson, BS Oliver, JM Lidke, DS AF Andrews, Nicholas L. Lidke, Keith A. Pfeiffer, Janet R. Burns, Alan R. Wilson, Bridget S. Oliver, Janet M. Lidke, Diane S. TI Actin restricts Fc epsilon RI diffusion and facilitates antigen-induced receptor immobilization SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MAST-CELLS; IGE-RECEPTORS; MOLECULE TECHNIQUES; LATERAL DIFFUSION; CROSS-LINKING; LIPID RAFTS; SURFACE AB The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in restricting diffusion of plasma membrane components. Here, simultaneous observations of quantum dot-labelled Fc epsilon RI motion and GFP-tagged actin dynamics provide direct evidence that actin filament bundles define micron-sized domains that confine mobile receptors. Dynamic reorganization of actin structures occurs over seconds, making the location and dimensions of actin-defined domains time-dependent. Multiple Fc epsilon RI often maintain extended close proximity without detectable correlated motion, suggesting that they are co-confined within membrane domains. Fc epsilon RI signalling is activated by crosslinking with multivalent antigen. We show that receptors become immobilized within seconds of crosslinking. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton results in delayed immobilization kinetics and increased diffusion of crosslinked clusters. These results implicate actin in membrane partitioning that not only restricts diffusion of membrane proteins, but also dynamically influences their long-range mobility, sequestration and response to ligand binding. C1 [Andrews, Nicholas L.; Pfeiffer, Janet R.; Wilson, Bridget S.; Oliver, Janet M.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Andrews, Nicholas L.; Pfeiffer, Janet R.; Wilson, Bridget S.; Oliver, Janet M.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lidke, Keith A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lidke, Keith A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lidke, DS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dlidke@salud.unm.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA118100]; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR11830, RR022493, S10 RR019287, S10 RR022493, S10 RR14668, S10 RR15734, S10 RR16918, S10 RR19287]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051575, R01 AO051575]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM 67594, P20 GM067594, P20 GM067594-01, P20 GM067597, R01 GM049814, R01 GM049814-07, R01 GM49814] NR 46 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1465-7392 J9 NAT CELL BIOL JI Nat. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.1038/ncb1755 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 333IV UT WOS:000258147100013 PM 18641640 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Terasaki, I AF Singh, David J. Terasaki, Ichiro TI Thermoelectrics - Nanostructuring and more SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item C1 [Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Terasaki, Ichiro] Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM singhdj@ornl.gov; terra@waseda.jp RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; TERASAKI, Ichiro/I-7083-2014 OI TERASAKI, Ichiro/0000-0002-6073-2639 NR 3 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 616 EP 617 DI 10.1038/nmat2243 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 329SZ UT WOS:000257892200017 PM 18654586 ER PT J AU Zeng, Z Natesan, K Cai, Z Darling, SB AF Zeng, Z. Natesan, K. Cai, Z. Darling, S. B. TI The role of metal nanoparticles and nanonetworks in alloy degradation SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DUSTING CORROSION; BASE ALLOYS; NICKEL; MECHANISMS; CARBON; STEELS AB Oxide scale, which is essential to protect structural alloys from high-temperature degradation such as oxidation, carburization and metal dusting, is usually considered to consist simply of oxide phases. Here, we report on a nanobeam X-ray and magnetic force microscopy investigation that reveals that the oxide scale actually consists of a mixture of oxide materials and metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles self-assemble into nanonetworks, forming continuous channels for carbon transport through the oxide scales. To avoid the formation of these metallic particles in the oxide scale, alloys must develop a scale without spinel phase. We have designed a novel alloy that has been tested in a high-carbon-activity environment. Our results show that the incubation time for carbon transport through the oxide scale of the new alloy is more than an order of magnitude longer compared with commercial alloys with similar chromium content. C1 [Zeng, Z.; Natesan, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cai, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Darling, S. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zeng, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zeng@anl.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 641 EP 646 DI 10.1038/nmat2227 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 329SZ UT WOS:000257892200023 PM 18622405 ER PT J AU Koester, KJ Ager, JW Ritchie, RO AF Koester, K. J. Ager, J. W., III Ritchie, R. O. TI The true toughness of human cortical bone measured with realistically short cracks SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GROWTH-RESISTANCE; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; SPECIMEN THICKNESS; COMPACT BONE; BRITTLE; STRENGTH; VELOCITY; BEHAVIOR; CRITERIA AB Bone is more difficult to break than to split. Although this is well known, and many studies exist on the behaviour of long cracks in bone, there is a need for data on the orientation-dependent crack-growth resistance behaviour of human cortical bone that accurately assesses its toughness at appropriate size scales. Here, we use in situ mechanical testing to examine how physiologically pertinent short (< 600 mu m) cracks propagate in both the transverse and longitudinal orientations in cortical bone, using both crack-deflection/twist mechanics and nonlinear-elastic fracture mechanics to determine crack-resistance curves. We find that after only 500 mu m of cracking, the driving force for crack propagation was more than five times higher in the transverse (breaking) direction than in the longitudinal (splitting) direction owing to major crack deflections/twists, principally at cement sheaths. Indeed, our results show that the true transverse toughness of cortical bone is far higher than previously reported. However, the toughness in the longitudinal orientation, where cracks tend to follow the cement lines, is quite low at these small crack sizes; it is only when cracks become several millimetres in length that bridging mechanisms can fully develop leading to the (larger-crack) toughnesses generally quoted for bone. C1 [Koester, K. J.; Ager, J. W., III; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koester, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 43 TC 176 Z9 177 U1 10 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 672 EP 677 DI 10.1038/nmat2221 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 329SZ UT WOS:000257892200028 PM 18587403 ER PT J AU Pautot, S Wyart, C Isacoff, EY AF Pautot, Sophie Wyart, Claire Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI Colloid-guided assembly of oriented 3D neuronal networks SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; TO-SUBSTRATUM ADHESION; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; REGENERATION; CONNECTIVITY; STRATEGIES; CULTURE; SPHERES; SYSTEM; NUMBER AB A central challenge in neuroscience is to understand the formation and function of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal networks. In vitro studies have been mainly limited to measurements of small numbers of neurons connected in two dimensions. Here we demonstrate the use of colloids as moveable supports for neuronal growth, maturation, transfection and manipulation, where the colloids serve as guides for the assembly of controlled 3D, millimeter-sized neuronal networks. Process growth can be guided into layered connectivity with a density similar to what is found in vivo. The colloidal superstructures are optically transparent, enabling remote stimulation and recording of neuronal activity using layer-specific expression of light-activated channels and indicator dyes. The modular approach toward in vitro circuit construction provides a stepping stone for applications ranging from basic neuroscience to neuron-based screening of targeted drugs. C1 [Pautot, Sophie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pautot, Sophie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pautot, Sophie] Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Life Sci Addit 271,Mail Code 3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu RI Wyart, Claire/H-3783-2016 OI Wyart, Claire/0000-0002-1668-4975 FU NEI NIH HHS [PN2 EY018241, PN2 EY018241-03S1, PN2 EY018241-03, PN2 EY1018241] NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 8 BP 735 EP 740 DI 10.1038/nmeth.1236 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 332IT UT WOS:000258077400018 PM 18641658 ER PT J AU Tetard, L Passian, A Venmar, KT Lynch, RM Voy, BH Shekhawat, G Dravid, VP Thundat, T AF Tetard, Laurene Passian, Ali Venmar, Katherine T. Lynch, Rachel M. Voy, Brynn H. Shekhawat, Gajendra Dravid, Vinayak P. Thundat, Thomas TI Imaging nanoparticles in cells by nanomechanical holography SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; TOXICITY; NANOTOXICOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; STRESS; SAFETY; MICE AB Nanomaterials have potential medical applications, for example in the area of drug delivery, and their possible adverse effects and cytotoxicity are curently receiving attention(1,2). Inhalation of nanoparticles is of great concern, because nanoparticles can be easily aerosolized. Imaging techniques that can visualize local populations of nanoparticles at nanometre resolution within the structures of cells are therefore important(3). Here we show that cells obtained from mice exposed to single-walled carbon nanohorns can be probed using a scanning probe microscopy technique called scanning near field ultrasonic holography. The nanohorns were observed inside the cells, and this was further confirmed using micro Raman spectroscopy. Scanning near field ultrasonic holography is a useful technique for probing the interactions of engineered nanomaterials in biological systems, which will greatly benefit areas in drug delivery and nanotoxicology. C1 [Tetard, Laurene; Passian, Ali; Venmar, Katherine T.; Lynch, Rachel M.; Voy, Brynn H.; Thundat, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tetard, Laurene; Passian, Ali; Thundat, Thomas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shekhawat, Gajendra; Dravid, Vinayak P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM passianan@ornl.gov RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009 NR 28 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1038/nnano.2008.162 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 335WZ UT WOS:000258325800016 PM 18685639 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Brar, VW Wang, F Girit, C Yayon, Y Panlasigui, M Zettl, A Crommie, MF AF Zhang, Yuanbo Brar, Victor W. Wang, Feng Girit, Caglar Yayon, Yossi Panlasigui, Melissa Zettl, Alex Crommie, Michael F. TI Giant phonon-induced conductance in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of gate-tunable graphene SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SURFACE AB The honeycomb lattice of graphene is a unique two-dimensional system where the quantum mechanics of electrons is equivalent to that of relativistic Dirac fermions(1,2). Novel nanometre-scale behaviour in this material, including electronic scattering(3,4), spin-based phenomena(5) and collective excitations(6), is predicted to be sensitive to charge-carrier density. To probe local, carrier-density-dependent properties in graphene, we have carried out atomically resolved scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measurements on mechanically cleaved graphene flake devices equipped with tunable back-gate electrodes. We observe an unexpected gap-like feature in the graphene tunnelling spectrum that remains pinned to the Fermi level (E(F)) regardless of graphene electron density. This gap is found to arise from a suppression of electronic tunnelling to graphene states near E F and a simultaneous giant enhancement of electronic tunnelling at higher energies due to a phonon-mediated inelastic channel. Phonons thus act as a 'floodgate' that controls the flow of tunnelling electrons in graphene. This work reveals important new tunnelling processes in gate-tunable graphitic layers. C1 [Zhang, Yuanbo; Brar, Victor W.; Wang, Feng; Girit, Caglar; Yayon, Yossi; Panlasigui, Melissa; Zettl, Alex; Crommie, Michael F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brar, Victor W.; Girit, Caglar; Zettl, Alex; Crommie, Michael F.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, YB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zhyb@berkeley.edu; crommie@berkeley.edu RI Girit, Caglar/D-4845-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 OI Girit, Caglar/0000-0001-8953-9261; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; NR 28 TC 224 Z9 225 U1 10 U2 121 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 BP 627 EP 630 DI 10.1038/nphys1022 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 335XB UT WOS:000258326000014 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Romine, MF Beliaev, AS Auchtung, JM Driscoll, ME Gardner, TS Nealson, KH Osterman, AL Pinchuk, G Reed, JL Rodionov, DA Rodrigues, JLM Saffarini, DA Serres, MH Spormann, AM Zhulin, IB Tiedje, JM AF Fredrickson, James K. Romine, Margaret F. Beliaev, Alexander S. Auchtung, Jennifer M. Driscoll, Michael E. Gardner, Timothy S. Nealson, Kenneth H. Osterman, Andrei L. Pinchuk, Grigoriy Reed, Jennifer L. Rodionov, Dmitry A. Rodrigues, Jorge L. M. Saffarini, Daad A. Serres, Margrethe H. Spormann, Alfred M. Zhulin, Igor B. Tiedje, James M. TI Towards environmental systems biology of Shewanella SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; CENTRAL BALTIC SEA; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; SP-NOV.; SP. NOV.; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AB Bacteria of the genus Shewanella are known for their versatile electron-accepting capacities, which allow them to couple the decomposition of organic matter to the reduction of the various terminal electron acceptors that they encounter in their stratified environments. Owing to their diverse metabolic capabilities, shewanellae are important for carbon cycling and have considerable potential for the remediation of contaminated environments and use in microbial fuel cells. Systems-level analysis of the model species Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and other members of this genus has provided new insights into the signal-transduction proteins, regulators, and metabolic and respiratory subsystems that govern the remarkable versatility of the shewanellae. C1 [Fredrickson, James K.; Romine, Margaret F.; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Pinchuk, Grigoriy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Auchtung, Jennifer M.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Driscoll, Michael E.; Gardner, Timothy S.] Boston Univ, Program Bioinformat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Osterman, Andrei L.; Rodionov, Dmitry A.] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rodrigues, Jorge L. M.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Saffarini, Daad A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Serres, Margrethe H.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov; tiedjej@msu.edu RI Zhulin, Igor/A-2308-2012; Reed, Jennifer/E-5137-2011; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Zhulin, Igor/0000-0002-6708-5323; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Rodionov, Dmitry/0000-0002-0939-390X; Auchtung, Jennifer/0000-0003-3038-583X; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 NR 121 TC 366 Z9 389 U1 30 U2 216 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 EI 1740-1534 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 6 IS 8 BP 592 EP 603 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1947 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 326YW UT WOS:000257696600010 PM 18604222 ER PT J AU Huang, YL Trewyn, BG Chen, HT Lin, VSY AF Huang, Yulin Trewyn, Brian G. Chen, Hung-Ting Lin, Victor S. -Y. TI One-pot reaction cascades catalyzed by base- and acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ENTRAPPED OPPOSING REAGENTS; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; CONDENSATION; MORPHOLOGY; SEQUENCES AB Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) containing base (primary amine) and sulfonic acid inside the MCM-41 type porous channels were successfully used as compatible catalysts for one-pot reaction cascades. C1 [Huang, Yulin; Trewyn, Brian G.; Chen, Hung-Ting; Lin, Victor S. -Y.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, VSY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vsylin@iastata.edu FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors thank the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 for providing financial Support of this research. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1311 EP 1313 DI 10.1039/b806664g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 345ZM UT WOS:000259038200004 ER PT J AU Jin, H Glimm, J AF Jin, H. Glimm, J. TI Verification and validation for turbulent mixing SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE turbulence; multiphase flow; verification; validation ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONSERVATIVE FRONT TRACKING; 2-PHASE FLOW MODELS; DIMENSIONS AB Verification and validation constitute a relatively new requirement for numerical analysis. It is one which results from the growing practical use of computation as a basis for engineering decisions. While a number of procedures have been proposed for these tasks, their application to the more difficult cases remains a research issue. Here we explain methods developed by ourselves and collaborators for verification and validation of simulations for chaotic, multiscale flows, specifically for turbulent mixing simulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jin, H.] Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Math, Cheju 690756, South Korea. [Glimm, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Glimm, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Jin, H (reprint author), Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Math, Cheju 690756, South Korea. EM hjin@cheju.ac.kr; glimm@ams.sunysb.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 874 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.na.2008.02.102 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 324PM UT WOS:000257530500011 ER PT J AU Burrows, TW AF Burrows, T. W. TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=49 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; ISOBARIC-ANALOG STATES; THERMAL-NEUTRON CAPTURE; CORE-EXCITED-STATES; PROTON-RICH NUCLEI; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE MEASUREMENTS; INELASTIC DEUTERON SCATTERING; MAGNETIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ONLINE ISOTOPE SEPARATOR; ONE-HOLE TRANSITIONS AB The 1995 Nuclear Data Sheets evaluation for A=49 (1995Bu23) has been revised using experimental decay and reaction data received by July 14, 2008. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burrows, TW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 269 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD AUG PY 2008 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1879 EP 2032 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.07.001 PG 154 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 344RE UT WOS:000258944200002 ER PT J AU Petti, JP Spencer, BW Graves, HL AF Petti, Jason P. Spencer, Benjamin W. Graves, Herman L., III TI Risk-informed assessment of degraded containment vessels SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB This study couples structural analyses of four typical U.S. nuclear power plant containments with existing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models to assess the effects of degradation. This method is used to determine the increase in the early release frequencies (risk) due to postulated cases of corrosion in the steel liners and shells, as well as other forms of degradation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Petti, Jason P.; Spencer, Benjamin W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Graves, Herman L., III] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Petti, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jppetti@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 238 IS 8 SI SI BP 2038 EP 2047 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.10.025 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347ZQ UT WOS:000259180900018 ER PT J AU Kuehlert, K Webb, S Schowalter, D Holmes, W Chilka, A Reuss, S AF Kuehlert, Karl Webb, Stephen Schowalter, David Holmes, William Chilka, Amarvir Reuss, Steve TI Simulation of the fluid-structure-interaction of steam generator tubes and bluff bodies SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CROSS-FLOW AB The accuracy of computational fluid dynamics in simulating the cross-flow around a steam generator and the feasibility of a full scale coupled CFD/FEA fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) analysis is examined through successive validations. The study begins with a comparison between experiment and computation of flow within a stationary tube bank. Results from the simulation of an individual tube experiencing two-degree-of-freedom flow-induced vibration (at a Reynolds number of 3800) are then shown to compare favorably to experimental results. Finally, free vibration of a single cantilevered hydrofoil is simulated with comparison of mean square acceleration at resonant and non-resonant velocities, respectively. The magnitudes and frequencies of vibration are shown to be accurately captured. (c) 2008 ANSYS Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuehlert, Karl; Schowalter, David; Holmes, William; Chilka, Amarvir; Reuss, Steve] ANSYS Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Webb, Stephen] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kuehlert, K (reprint author), ANSYS Inc, 10 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM kue@fluent.com FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 238 IS 8 SI SI BP 2048 EP 2054 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.11.017 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347ZQ UT WOS:000259180900019 ER PT J AU Moisseytsev, A Sienicki, JJ AF Moisseytsev, Anton Sienicki, James J. TI Transient accident analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle energy converter coupled to an autonomous lead-cooled fast reactor SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is a promising advanced alternative to the Rankine steam cycle and recuperated gas Brayton cycle for the energy converters of specific reactor concepts belonging to the U.S. Department of Energy Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative. A new plant dynamics analysis computer code has been developed for simulation of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle coupled to an autonomous, natural circulation lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). The plant dynamics code was used to simulate the whole-plant response to accident conditions. The specific design features of the reactor concept influencing passive safety are discussed and accident scenarios are identified for analysis. Results of calculations of the whole-plant response to loss-of-heat sink, loss-of-load, and pipe break accidents are demonstrated. The passive safety performance of the reactor concept is confirmed by the results of the plant dynamics code calculations for the selected accident scenarios. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moisseytsev, Anton; Sienicki, James J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moisseytsev, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amoissey@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) Program [02-065] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) Program under Project No. 02-065, "Coupling of High Temperature, Lead-Cooled, Closed Fuel Cycle Fast Reactors to Advanced Energy Converters." The authors are grateful to: Drs. Paul S. Pickard (Sandia National Laboratories), the Generation IV National Technical Director for Energy Conversion; Carl Sink (U.S. DOE); Suibel Schuppner (U.S. DOE), the NERI Program Manager; and Rob Versluis (U.S. DOE), the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative Program Manager for their continued support for development and validation of the plant dynamics code for S-CO2 cycle applications. The authors are also indebted to many individuals for their helpful advice during the course of this work including Drs. James E. Cahalan, David C. Wade, George Klopp (ANLINE), and Roald A. Wigeland (formerly ANUNE, currently INL), as well as Kenneth Nichols and Robert Fuller (Barber-Nichols Inc.), and Stephen J. Dewson (Heatric, a subsidiary of Meggitt (UK), Ltd.). NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 238 IS 8 SI SI BP 2094 EP 2105 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.11.012 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347ZQ UT WOS:000259180900024 ER PT J AU Ryu, HJ Kim, YS Park, JM Chae, HT Kim, CK AF Ryu, Ho Jin Kim, Yeon Soo Park, Jong Man Chae, Hee Taek Kim, Chang Kyu TI Performance evaluation of U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel by considering a fuel-matrix interaction SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel performance; dispersion fuel; U-Mo; research reactor; interdiffusion ID THERMAL COMPATIBILITY; ALUMINUM; POWDERS; HEAT; AL AB Because the interaction layers that form between U-Mo particles and the Al matrix degrade the thermal properties of U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel, an investigation was undertaken of the undesirable feedback effect between an interaction layer growth and a centerline temperature increase for dispersion fuel. The radial temperature distribution due to interaction layer growth during irradiation was calculated iteratively in relation to changes in the volume fractions, the thermal conductivities of the constituents, and the oxide thickness with the burnup. The interaction layer growth, which is estimated on the basis of the temperature calculations, showed a reasonable agreement with the post-irradiation examination results of the U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel rods irradiated at the HANARO reactor. The U-Mo particle size was found to be a dominant factor that determined the fuel temperature during irradiation. Dispersion fuel with larger U-Mo particles revealed lower levels of both the interaction layer formation and the fuel temperature increase. The results confirm that the use of large U-Mo particles appears to be an effective way of mitigating the thermal degradation of U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel. C1 [Ryu, Ho Jin; Park, Jong Man; Chae, Hee Taek; Kim, Chang Kyu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Recycled Fuel Dev Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Kim, Yeon Soo] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ryu, HJ (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Recycled Fuel Dev Div, 150 Deokjin Dong, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM hjryu@kaeri.re.kr RI RYU, HO JIN/J-2764-2013 OI RYU, HO JIN/0000-0002-3387-7381 FU Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (M EST) FX This study was Supported by the National Nuclear R&D Program of the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (M EST). NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA NUTOPIA BLDG, 342-1 JANGDAE-DONG, DAEJEON, 305-308, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347BN UT WOS:000259114000007 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, NN Roquemore, AL Shinohara, K AF Darrow, D. S. Fredrickson, E. D. Gorelenkov, N. N. Roquemore, A. L. Shinohara, K. TI MHD induced neutral beam ion loss from NSTX plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Meeting on Emergetic Particles in Magnetic Confinenment Systems CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Kloster Seeon, GERMANY SP IAEA HO Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys ID ALFVEN EIGENMODES; JT-60U; TOKAMAK AB Bursts of similar to 60 kHz activity on Mirnov coils, identified as energetic particle modes, occur frequently in NSTX plasmas and these are accompanied by bursts of neutral beam ion loss over a range in pitch angles. These losses have been measured with a scintillator type loss probe imaged with a high speed (> 10 000 frames s(-1)) video camera, giving the evolution of the energy and pitch angle distributions of the lost neutral beam ions over the course of the events. The instability occurs below the TAE frequency in NSTX (similar to 100 kHz) in high beta plasmas and may also be identified as a beta-induced Alfven acoustic (BAAE) mode. The data from one burst that causes a 13% reduction in the neutron rate have been studied extensively and have several interesting features. First, the burst begins with the mode having a purely n = 1 character, sweeping downwards in frequency. However, there is no change to the underlying loss signal during this time interval. This indicates there is no phase space transport of fast ( 80 keV D) ions into the loss cone seen by the probe from the frequency sweeping. As the burst evolves further in time, a concurrent n = 2 mode arises, followed quickly by a concurrent n = 3 mode. During this period when multiple modes are present, loss over a wide range of pitch angles is seen simultaneously, suggesting stochastization of the beam ion phase space. There is no evidence of any sweeping in pitch angle of the loss in either phase of the burst, at least not on the 100 mu s time scale. C1 [Darrow, D. S.; Fredrickson, E. D.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Roquemore, A. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Shinohara, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 8 AR 084004 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/8/084004 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 346DU UT WOS:000259049400005 ER PT J AU Foley, EL Levinton, FM Yuh, HY Zakharov, LE AF Foley, E. L. Levinton, F. M. Yuh, H. Y. Zakharov, L. E. TI Comparison of motional Stark effect diagnostic approaches for equilibrium reconstruction SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Meeting on Emergetic Particles in Magnetic Confinenment Systems CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Kloster Seeon, GERMANY SP IAEA HO Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys ID PROFILES; PLASMA; ITER AB The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic has been successfully applied to many tokamak plasmas to yield internal magnetic field measurements which contribute significant information to equilibrium reconstruction. As commonly implemented, the diagnostic measures the line polarization of a single component of the Stark spectrum and returns a spatially resolved profile of the magnetic field pitch angle. The line shifts in the Stark spectrum contain information about the magnetic field magnitude which is not typically exploited, and has not previously been used in equilibrium reconstruction. In this paper, we examine the utility of the MSE line shift (LS) measurement as compared with the MSE line polarization (LP) by analysis with the equilibrium and stability code (ESC)-equilibrium reconstruction variance (ERV) code system, a program which employs the theory of variances to evaluate the relationship between specified diagnostics and equilibrium reconstruction. Comparisons of the code results are made for an analytic solution of a toroidal plasma with circular cross-section and high aspect ratio, and for previous experimental results of q-profile reconstruction using VMEC on TFTR. ESC-ERV is then used to evaluate MSE-LS and MSE-LP in conditions like those expected in ITER, and for a configuration similar to the National Spherical Torus experiment. The analysis suggests that both the MSE-LP and the MSE-LS approaches, given sufficient measurement accuracy, can be used for reconstruction of q-profiles and pressure profiles. C1 [Foley, E. L.; Levinton, F. M.; Yuh, H. Y.] Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zakharov, L. E.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Foley, EL (reprint author), Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM foley@novaphotonics.com NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 8 AR 085004 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/8/085004 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 346DU UT WOS:000259049400010 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Van Zeeland, MA Austin, ME Burrell, KH Gorelenkov, NN Kramer, GJ Luo, Y Makowski, MA Mckee, GR Muscatello, C Nazikian, R Ruskov, E Solomon, WM White, RB Zhu, Y AF Heidbrink, W. W. Van Zeeland, M. A. Austin, M. E. Burrell, K. H. Gorelenkov, N. N. Kramer, G. J. Luo, Y. Makowski, M. A. McKee, G. R. Muscatello, C. Nazikian, R. Ruskov, E. Solomon, W. M. White, R. B. Zhu, Y. TI Central flattening of the fast-ion profile in reversed-shear DIII-D discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Meeting on Emergetic Particles in Magnetic Confinenment Systems CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Kloster Seeon, GERMANY SP IAEA HO Max-Planck Inst Plasmaphys ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODE; ENERGETIC IONS; D TOKAMAK; BURNING PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; RECONSTRUCTION; OPERATION AB Neutral beam injection into a plasma with negative central shear produces a rich spectrum of toroidicity-induced and reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes in the DIII-D tokamak. The application of fast-ionD(alpha) (FIDA) spectroscopy shows that the central fast-ion profile is flattened in the inner half of the discharge. Neutron and equilibrium measurements corroborate the FIDA data. The temporal evolution of the current profile is also strongly modified. Studies in similar discharges show that flattening of the profile correlates with the mode amplitude and that both types of Alfven modes correlate with fast-ion transport. Calculations by the ORBIT code do not explain the observed fast-ion transport for the measured mode amplitudes, however. Possible explanations for the discrepancy are considered. C1 [Heidbrink, W. W.; Luo, Y.; Muscatello, C.; Ruskov, E.; Zhu, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Burrell, K. H.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Austin, M. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gorelenkov, N. N.; Kramer, G. J.; Nazikian, R.; Solomon, W. M.; White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McKee, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 53 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 8 AR 084001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/8/084001 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 346DU UT WOS:000259049400002 ER PT J AU Andonian, G Dunning, M Hemsing, E Murokh, A Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Babzien, M Yakimenko, V AF Andonian, G. Dunning, M. Hemsing, E. Murokh, A. Pellegrini, C. Reiche, S. Rosenzweig, J. Babzien, M. Yakimenko, V. TI Advanced studies at the VISA FEL in the SASE and seeded modes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics CY SEP 08-14, 2007 CL Tuscany, ITALY DE free-electron laser; seeded amplifier; orbital angular momentum AB The VISA (Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier) program has been in operation at the BNL ATF since the year 2000. The program has produced numerous results including, demonstrated saturation at 840 nm with a gain length of 18 cm, chirped beam amplification with the observation of anomalously large bandwidth of the emitted radiation, and successful benchmarking of a start-to-end simulation suite to measured results. This paper will review the prior results of the VISA program and discuss planned novel measurements, including detuning studies of a 1 mu m seeded amplifier, and measurements of the orbital angular momentum of the emitted radiation. The installation of a dedicated chicane bunch compressor followed by an x-band linac to mitigate energy spread will allow for high-current operations (reduced saturation length, and deep-saturation studies). Other measurements, such as coherent transition undulator radiation, are also proposed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Andonian, G.; Hemsing, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, PBPL, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Babzien, M.; Yakimenko, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Andonian, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, PBPL, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM gerard@physics.ucla.edu; ehemsing@physics.ucla.edu; pellegrini@physics.ucla.edu; reiche@ucla.edu; rosen@physics.ucla.edu; yakimenk@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.053 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 338QB UT WOS:000258521500004 ER PT J AU Venturini, M Zholents, A AF Venturini, M. Zholents, A. TI Modeling microbunching from shot noise using Vlasov solvers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics CY SEP 08-14, 2007 CL Tuscany, ITALY DE FEL; microbunching instability; space charge AB Unlike macroparticle simulations, which are sensitive to unphysical statistical fluctuations when the number of macroparticles is smaller than the bunch population, direct methods for solving the Vlasov equation are free from sampling noise and are ideally suited for studying microbunching instabilities evolving from shot noise. We review a 2D (longitudinal dynamics) Vlasov solver we have recently developed to study the microbunching instability in the beam delivery systems for X-ray FELs and present an application to FERMI@Elettra. We discuss, in particular, the impact of the spreader design on microbunching. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Venturini, M.; Zholents, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Venturini, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mventurini@lbl.gov; aazholents@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.036 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 338QB UT WOS:000258521500014 ER PT J AU Fawley, WM AF Fawley, W. M. TI Production of ultrashort FEL XUV pulses via a reverse undulator taper SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics CY SEP 08-14, 2007 CL Tuscany, ITALY DE free-electron laser; ultrashort pulse production ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; X-RAY PULSES AB We adapt the "reverse taper" scheme presented by Saldin et al. (Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9 (2006) 050702) for attosecond pulse production to the XUV/soft-X-ray regime. We find that GW-level pulses of a few femtosecond duration or shorter can be produced using electron beams of quite moderate parameters and undulators of 20-m length or shorter. The output pulse is significantly shifted in wavelength relative to the main background which permits a further increase in contrast ratio via simple monochromatization. Moreover, the output pulse has a natural wavelength chirp that allows further temporal compression, if wanted. Both positive and negative chirps can be produced depending upon the sign of the undulator taper. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wmfawley@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.051 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 338QB UT WOS:000258521500027 ER PT J AU Huang, Z Bane, K Cai, Y Chao, A Hettel, R Pellegrini, C AF Huang, Z. Bane, K. Cai, Y. Chao, A. Hettel, R. Pellegrini, C. TI Steady-state analysis of short-wavelength, high-gain FELs in a large storage ring SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics CY SEP 08-14, 2007 CL Tuscany, ITALY DE free electron lasers ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; OPERATION; NM AB Storage ring FELs have operated successfully in the low-gain regime using optical cavities. Discussions of a high-gain FEL in a storage ring typically involve a special bypass to decouple the FEL interaction from the storage ring dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the coupled dynamics of a high-gain FEL in a large storage ring such as PEP and analyze the equilibrium solution. We show that an FEL in the EUV and soft X-ray regimes can be integrated into a very bright storage ring and potentially provides three orders of magnitude improvement in the average brightness at these radiation wavelengths. We also discuss possibilities of seeding with HHG sources to obtain ultra-short, high-peak power EUV and soft X-ray pulses. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Z.; Bane, K.; Cai, Y.; Chao, A.; Hettel, R.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Pellegrini, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Huang, Z (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM zrh@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.070 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 338QB UT WOS:000258521500029 ER PT J AU Huang, ZR Ding, YT Qiang, J AF Huang, Zhirong Ding, Yuantao Qiang, Ji TI Analysis of slice transverse emittance evolution in a photocathode RF gun SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics CY SEP 08-14, 2007 CL Tuscany, ITALY DE RF gun; space charge effects ID INJECTOR DESIGN; PHOTOINJECTORS AB The slice transverse emittance of an electron beam is of critical significance for an X-ray FEL. In a photocathode RF gun, the slice transverse emittance is not only determined by the emission process, but also influenced strongly by the nonlinear space charge effect. In this paper, we study the slice transverse emittance evolution in a photocathode RF gun using a simple model that includes effects of RF acceleration, focusing, and space charge force. The results are compared with IMPACT-T space charge simulations and may be used to understand the development of the slice emittance in an RF gun. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Zhirong; Ding, Yuantao] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Qiang, Ji] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM zrh@slac.stanford.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.076 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 338QB UT WOS:000258521500035 ER PT J AU Avila-Rodriguez, MA Wilson, JS Schueller, MJ McQuarrie, SA AF Avila-Rodriguez, M. A. Wilson, J. S. Schueller, M. J. McQuarrie, S. A. TI Measurement of the activation cross section for the (p,xn) reactions in niobium with potential applications as monitor reactions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE excitation function; cross section; niobium-92m; molybdenum-93m; monitor foil; monitor reactions ID TARGETS AB Excitation functions of the Nb-93(p,n) (93)mMo, Nb-93(p,pn)Nb-92m and Nb-93(p,alpha n)Zr-89 nuclear reactions were measured up to 17.4 MeV by the conventional activation method using the stacked-foil technique. Stacks were irradiated at different incident energies on the TR19/9 cyclotron at the Edmonton PET Centre. The potential of the measured excitation functions for use as monitor reactions was evaluated and tested by measuring activity ratios at a different facility. Single Nb foils were irradiated at incident energies in the range from 12 to 19 MeV on the TR 19/9 cyclotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Results are compared with the published data and with theoretical values as determined by the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Avila-Rodriguez, M. A.; Wilson, J. S.; McQuarrie, S. A.] Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton PET Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. [Schueller, M. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Avila-Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Univ Turku, PET Ctr, POB 52, Turku 20521, Finland. EM miguel.avila-rodriguez@utu.fi FU MicroSystems Technology Research Initiative (MSTRI) at the University of Alberta [1-2N-3A-Advanced Cyclotron]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was partially funded by the MicroSystems Technology Research Initiative (MSTRI) at the University of Alberta, Grant 1-2N-3A-Advanced Cyclotron. This research was carried out in part at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2008 VL 266 IS 15 BP 3353 EP 3358 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.015 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 342QC UT WOS:000258797600003 ER PT J AU Robertson, D Collon, P Henderson, D Kurtz, S Lamm, L Schmitt, C Shumard, B Webb, J AF Robertson, D. Collon, P. Henderson, D. Kurtz, S. Lamm, L. Schmitt, C. Shumard, B. Webb, J. TI First results from the nuclear astrophysics AMS program at the NSL using the MANTIS system in gas-filled mode SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE AMS; astrophysics; spectrograph; NSL; MANTIS; supernova ID MAGNETIC SPECTROGRAPH; CHARGE STATES; TI-44; CA-40(ALPHA,GAMMA)TI-44; STARS AB The Magnet for Astrophysical Nucleosynthesis studies Through Isobar Separation (MANTIS) system is the new Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) set-up created during recent upgrades of the Browne-Bucchner spectrograph at the University of Notre Dame. Commissioning measurements performed on the separation of Fe-58-Ni-58 isobars at 114 MeV out of the FN tandem accelerator have shown clear separation, opening the door for a number of future measurements in nuclear astrophysics. The separation of mass-58 isobars has made this system the first in the world to utilise a Browne-Bucchner spectrograph in gas-filled mode for AMS measurements with a special focus on nuclear astrophysics. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robertson, D.; Collon, P.; Kurtz, S.; Lamm, L.; Schmitt, C.] Univ Notre Dame, Nucl Sci Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Henderson, D.; Shumard, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Webb, J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Collon, P (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Nucl Sci Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pcollon@nd.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2008 VL 266 IS 15 BP 3481 EP 3486 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.009 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 342QC UT WOS:000258797600020 ER PT J AU Il Kim, H Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Lee, YO AF Il Kim, Hyeong Herman, M. Mughabghab, S. F. Oblozinsky, P. Lee, Young-Ouk TI Evaluation of neutron cross sections for a complete set of Dy isotopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE neutron-induced reactions; neutron resonances; evaluations; optical model; Hauser-Feshbach model; direct and preequilibrium reactions; dysprosium; EMPIRE-2.19; ENDF/B-VII.0 library ID N,ALPHA REACTIONS; HEAVY NUCLEI; RARE-EARTHS; N,P; REGION; NUCLIDES; DY-164 AB Neutron cross sections for a complete set of Dy isotopes, Dy-156,Dy-158,Dy-160,Dy-161,Dy-162,Dy-163,Dy-164, were evaluated in the incident energy range from 10(-5) eV to 20 MeV. In the low energy region, including thermal and resolved resonances, our evaluations are based on the latest data published in the Atlas of Neutron Resonances. In the unresolved resonance region we performed additional evaluation by using the averages of the resolved resonances and adjusting them to the experimental data. In the fast neutron region, we used the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE-2.19 with the model parameters adjusted to the experimental data. The results are compared with the available experimental data and with the existing nuclear data libraries, including ENDF/B-VI.8 and JEFF-3.1. The new evaluations are suitable for neutron transport calculations and they were adopted by the new US evaluated nuclear data library, ENDF/B-VII.0, released in December 2006. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Il Kim, Hyeong; Lee, Young-Ouk] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Herman, M.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Il Kim, H (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, 150 Yuseong, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM hikim@kaeri.re.kr FU Korean Ministry of Science and Technology; Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC FX One of us (H.I. Kim) is most grateful to the staff of the National Nuclear Data Center for the warm hospitality and support provided during his visits to BNL when working on this project. This work has been performed in part under the auspices of the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology as the long-term R&D project. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2008 VL 266 IS 16 BP 3513 EP 3528 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.020 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 351MT UT WOS:000259429100002 ER PT J AU Eldrup, M Li, MM Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ AF Eldrup, M. Li, Meimei Snead, L. L. Zinkle, S. J. TI Characterization of defect accumulation in neutron-irradiated Mo by positron annihilation spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum; neutron-irradiation; positron annihilation; radiation damaged; cavities; nano-voids ID VACANCY CLUSTERS; MOLYBDENUM; LIFETIME; TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; METALS; VOIDS; SIZE AB Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements were performed on neutron-irradiated low carbon arc cast Mo. Irradiation took place in the high flux isotope reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, at a temperature of 80 +/- 10 degrees C. Neutron fluences ranged from 2 x 10(21) to 8 x 10(24) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV), corresponding to displacement damage levels in the range from 7.2 x 10(-5) to 2.8 x 10(-1) displacements per atom (dpa). A high density of submicroscopic cavities was observed in the neutron-irradiated Mo and their size distributions were estimated. Cavities were detected even at a very low-dose of similar to 10(-4) dpa. The average size of the cavities did not change significantly with dose, in contrast to neutron-irradiated bcc Fe where cavity sizes increased with increasing dose. It is suggested that the in-cascade vacancy clustering may be significant in neutron-irradiated Mo, as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eldrup, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Li, Meimei; Snead, L. L.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eldrup, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM morten.eldrup@risoe.dk OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 FU European Fusion Technology Program; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was supported partly by the European Fusion Technology Program and partly by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Dr. R.E. Stoller for his valuable input. The authors also thank J.L. Bailey, A.M. Williams, LT. Gibson, P.S. Tedder and N.J. Pedersen for technical assistance. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2008 VL 266 IS 16 BP 3602 EP 3606 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.018 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 351MT UT WOS:000259429100014 ER PT J AU Nayak, TK Atcher, RW Prossnitz, ER Norenberg, JP AF Nayak, Tapan K. Atcher, Robert W. Prossnitz, Eric R. Norenberg, Jeffrey P. TI Enhancement of somatostatin-receptor-targeted Lu-177-[DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]- octreotide therapy by gemcitabine pretreatment-mediated receptor uptake, up-regulation and cell cycle modulation SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE somatostatin receptors; combination therapy; gemcitabine; radionuclide therapy; DOTATOC ID RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; IN-VITRO; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; PANCREATIC-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; RADIOSENSITIZATION; 2',2'-DIFLUORO-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE; CHEMORADIATION; EXPRESSION; ANALOGS AB Introduction: Clinical studies of patients treated with somatostatin-receptor (sstr)-targeted [DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]-octretide (DOTATOC) labeled with Lu-177 and Y-90 have shown overall response rates in the range of 9-33%. This study evaluates the potential for combination therapy with gemcitabine in an effort to improve clinical outcomes. Methods: Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma Capan-2, rat pancreatic cancer AR42J and human small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 cells were each treated with 1 mu g/ml gemcitabine for 4 days followed by replacement of the medium alone for four additional days. Cell cycle and direct receptor-uptake studies were performed to study the effects of gemcitabine pretreatment and Lu-177-DOTATOC radionuclide therapy. Parallel control studies were performed with receptor-non-targeted Lu-177-DOTA and DOTATOC. Results: Cells treated with gemcitabine for 4 days showed a down-regulation of sstr expression as determined by 177Lu-DOTATOC uptake. However, after 4 days of additional growth in absence of gemcitabine, the uptake of 177Lu-DOTATOC was 1.5-3 times greater than that of the untreated control cells. In gemcitabine-pretreated Capan-2 cells, 84% of the cell population was in the G(2)M phase of the cell cycle. Due to sstr up-regulation and cell cycle modulations, synergistic effects of gemcitabine pretreatment were observed in cell viability and apoptosis assays. Lu-177-DOTATOC resulted in two to three times greater apoptosis in gemcitabine-pretreated Capan-2 cells compared to the untreated cells. Conclusion: Gemcitabine pretreatment up-regulates sstr expression and acts as a radiosensitizer through cell cycle modulation. The rational combination of gemcitabine and sstr-targeted radiopharmaceuticals represents a promising chemoratiation therapeutic tool with great potential to improve clinical outcomes and, thus, merits further study. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nayak, Tapan K.; Atcher, Robert W.; Norenberg, Jeffrey P.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nayak, Tapan K.; Prossnitz, Eric R.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Atcher, Robert W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Prossnitz, Eric R.; Norenberg, Jeffrey P.] Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Norenberg, JP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jpnoren@unm.edu RI Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; OI Atcher, Robert/0000-0003-4656-2247; Nayak, Tapan/0000-0002-3706-6092; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.05.003 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 341LO UT WOS:000258716200004 PM 18678352 ER PT J AU Hidaka, Y McLerran, LD Pisarski, RD AF Hidaka, Yoshimasa McLerran, Larry D. Pisarski, Robert D. TI Baryons and the phase diagram for a large number of colors and flavors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE quark matter; quark-gluon plasma phase diagram; quarkyonic ID GAUGE AB We consider the possible phases of a non-Abelian gauge theory, as a function of temperature and quark chemical potential, when both the number of colors and flavors is very large. Generally, a large number of flavors washes out deconfining phase transitions. We show, however, that the degeneracy of even the lightest baryons is exponentially large. This implies that the baryon number (or fluctuations thereof, at zero chemical potential) is an order parameter in the limit of an infinite number of colors and flavors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McLerran, Larry D.; Pisarski, Robert D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hidaka, Yoshimasa; McLerran, Larry D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pisarski@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 9 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 808 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.05.009 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 334AG UT WOS:000258194100008 ER PT J AU Green, D Mulligan, M Starr, D AF Green, Daniel Mulligan, Michael Starr, David TI Boundary entropy can increase under bulk RG flow SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE boundary conformal field theory; boundary entropy; RG flow ID CONFORMAL-FIELD-THEORY; MINIMAL MODELS; FIXED-POINTS; D-BRANES; ENERGY; PERTURBATIONS; MULTIPOINT; COSMOLOGY; SYSTEMS; STATES AB The boundary entropy log(g) of a critical one-dimensional quantum system (or two-dimensional conformal field theory) is known to decrease under renormalization group (RG) flow of the boundary theory. We study instead the behavior of the boundary entropy as the bulk theory flows between two nearby critical points. We use conformal perturbation theory to calculate the change in g due to a slightly relevant bulk perturbation and find that it has no preferred sign. The boundary entropy log(g) can therefore increase during appropriate bulk flows. This is demonstrated explicitly in flows between minimal models. We discuss the applications of this result to D-branes in string theory and to impurity problems in condensed matter. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Green, Daniel] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Green, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM drgreen@stanford.edu; mcmullig@stanford.edu; dbstarr@stanford.edu NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 798 IS 3 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.01.010 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 300EU UT WOS:000255807900009 ER PT J AU Grube, B AF Grube, B. CA STAR Collaboration TI Photoproduction in Ultra-Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions at STAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High-Energy Photon Collision at the LHC CY APR 22-28, 2008 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; PHOTON AB We present recent STAR results on photoproduction in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In these collisions the impact parameter of the beam particles is larger than the sum of their nuclear radii, so that they interact via their long-range Coulomb fields. STAR has measured the production of rho(0)(770) mesons in exclusive reactions as well as in processes with mutual nuclear excitation of the beam particles. We present results for the rho(0) production cross section in Au-Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV for coherent as well as incoherent coupling. The dependence of the cross section on the rho(0) rapidity is compared to theoretical models. We also studied the ratio of coherent rho(0) to direct pi(+)pi(-) production as well as the rho(0) helicity matrix elements and we observe interference effects in the rho(0) production. In addition STAR has measured the production of rho(0) mesons in d-Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV and that of e(+)e(-)-pairs in Au-Au at root S-NN = 200 GeV. We also see an enhancement around 1510 MeV/c(2) in pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) final states in Au-Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV. C1 [Grube, B.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Grube, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grube, B (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, 30 Jangjeon Dong, Pusan 609735, South Korea. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 179-80 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.07.015 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 369TY UT WOS:000260718000015 ER PT J AU White, SN AF White, Sebastian N. TI Diffractive J/psi and continuum e(+)e(-) pair production in PHENIX Ultraperipheral Collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High-Energy Photon Collision at the LHC CY APR 22-28, 2008 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AB We report results on high energy photoproduction from the PHENIX experiment. Using Run 4 Au-Au data taken with an ultra-peripheral trigger (requiring a rapidity gap in 3.0 <= eta <= 3.9). We find 10 +/- 3 candidates for diffractive J/psi photoproduction and of order 40 candidates for continuum e(+)e(-) photoproduction in the mass range m(ee) >= 1.8 GeV/c(2). We then discuss prospects and rates for hard photoproduction at the LHC with Pb-Pb beam collisions and p-Pb. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 179-80 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.07.016 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 369TY UT WOS:000260718000016 ER PT J AU Archibald, J Gleisberg, T Hoche, S Krauss, F Schonherr, M Schumann, S Siegert, F Winter, JC AF Archibald, Jennifer Gleisberg, Tanju Hoeche, Stefan Krauss, Frank Schoenherr, Marek Schumann, Steffen Siegert, Frank Winter, Jan-Christopher TI Simulation of photon-photon interactions in hadron collisions with SHERPA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High-Energy Photon Collision at the LHC CY APR 22-28, 2008 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID HELICITY AMPLITUDES; PARTON; COLLIDER; MODEL; LHC AB We describe the capabilities of the SHERPA Monte Carlo event generator in simulating two-photon induced processes. We focus especially on the description of these processes at hadron colliders such as the LHC. C1 [Archibald, Jennifer; Hoeche, Stefan; Krauss, Frank; Siegert, Frank] Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Gleisberg, Tanju] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Schoenherr, Marek] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Schumann, Steffen] Univ Edinburgh, JCMB, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Winter, Jan-Christopher] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hoche, S (reprint author), Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 179-80 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.07.027 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 369TY UT WOS:000260718000029 ER PT J AU Hollar, J AF Hollar, J. CA CMC Collaboration TI gamma gamma -> l(+)l(-) and gamma p -> Gamma p -> l(+)l(-) p at CMS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High-Energy Photon Collision at the LHC CY APR 22-28, 2008 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID PHOTOPRODUCTION; CALORIMETER; COLLIDERS; PHOTON; HERA AB Exclusive dilepton events are characterized by the presence of two back-to-back leptons, and no other detector activity above threshold. In pp collisions in the CMS experiment, this signature can result from two-photon interactions (gamma gamma -> l(+)l(-)) or Gamma photoproduction (gamma p -> Gamma p -> l(+)l(-)p). In the early data from the LHC, these events will provide a calibration sample for luminosity and lepton reconstruction studies, and allow studies of diffraction and QCD. C1 [Hollar, J.; CMC Collaboration] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hollar, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 179-80 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.07.030 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 369TY UT WOS:000260718000032 ER PT J AU Glenzinski, D AF Glenzinski, D. TI World average top-quark mass SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Top Quark Physics CY MAY 18-24, 2008 CL La Biodola, ITALY AB This paper summarizes a talk given at the Top2008 Workshop at La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy. The status of the world average top-quark mass is discussed. Some comments about the challanges facing Hie experiments hi order to further improve the precision are offered. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Glenzinski, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 123 IS 8-9 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2008-10665-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 428FG UT WOS:000264832800011 ER PT J AU Palencia, E AF Palencia, E. CA CDF Collaboration TI Tools for top physics at CDF SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Top Quark Physics CY MAY 18-24, 2008 CL La Biodola, ITALY AB We describe here the different tools used for top physics analysis in the CDF Collaboration. In particular, we discuss how the jet energy scale, lepton identification, b-tagging algorithms and the neural networks help to improve the signal-to-background ratio of the top sample in sonic cases and to reduce the dominant uncertainties in other. Results using cacti one of these tools are also presented. C1 [Palencia, E.; CDF Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Palencia, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 123 IS 8-9 BP 1181 EP 1188 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2008-10678-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 428FG UT WOS:000264832800025 ER PT J AU Yumiceva, F AF Yumiceva, F. CA CMS Collaboration TI Top physics beyond the standard model: Prospects at CMS SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Top Quark Physics CY MAY 18-24, 2008 CL La Biodola, ITALY AB Precise studies of the top-quark sector will be performed in the LHC in order to test the standard model and search for new physics. The top-quark sector at the LHC opens a very rich region to look for new phenomena. Searches beyond the standard model include new top quark decays and top quarks in resonant production. In the latter, a good observable to carry on a model-independent search is the top pair invariant mass. A special reconstruction procedure is needed for the case of heavy resonances decaying into very high-p(T) top jets. CMS is developing tools to improve the reconstruction of these highly boosted top jets and studying the discovery potential for new physics in the top quark sector. A brief review of these studies is given in this paper. C1 [Yumiceva, F.; CMS Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yumiceva, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 123 IS 8-9 BP 1278 EP 1284 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2008-10701-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 428FG UT WOS:000264832800038 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zu, XT Gao, F AF Yang, L. Zu, X. T. Gao, F. TI Ab initio study of formation, migration and binding properties of helium-vacancy clusters in aluminum SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; helium; aluminum; cluster ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; IRRADIATION; METALS; BUBBLES; IRON; DIFFUSION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; FE AB Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory have been performed to study the dissolution and migration of helium, and the stability of small helium-vacancy clusters He,V. (n, m = 0-4) in aluminum. The results indicate that the octahedral configuration is more stable than the tetrahedral. Interstitial helium atoms are predicted to have attractive interactions and jump between two octahedral sites via an intermediate tetrahedral site with low migration energy. The binding energies of an interstitial He atom and an isolated vacancy to a He,V, cluster are also obtained from the calculated formation energies of the clusters. We find that the di- and tri-vacancy clusters are not stable, but He atoms can increase the stability of vacancy clusters. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, L.; Zu, X. T.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Yang, L.] China W Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Informat, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, North Jianshe Rd, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM yanglilkd@tom.com RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 403 IS 17 BP 2719 EP 2724 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2008.02.015 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 330BU UT WOS:000257915100035 ER PT J AU Hauschildt, PH Barman, T Baron, E AF Hauschildt, P. H. Barman, T. Baron, E. TI Irradiated planets SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Nobel Symposium on Physics of Planetary Systems CY JUN 18-22, 2007 CL Lidingo, SWEDEN AB We present models for the spectra emitted by irradiated planets and discuss the numerical methods used in the modeling. In addition, we show results of simple 3D calculations that are designed as a first step toward detailed multi-dimensional models of irradiated planets. C1 [Hauschildt, P. H.] Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Barman, T.] Lowell Observ, Hendricks Ctr Planetary Studies, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hauschildt, PH (reprint author), Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL T130 AR 014033 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014033 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 326RU UT WOS:000257677400034 ER EF