FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dyer, GM Bernstein, AC Cho, BI Osterholz, J Grigsby, W Dalton, A Shepherd, R Ping, Y Chen, H Widmann, K Ditmire, T AF Dyer, G. M. Bernstein, A. C. Cho, B. I. Osterholz, J. Grigsby, W. Dalton, A. Shepherd, R. Ping, Y. Chen, H. Widmann, K. Ditmire, T. TI Equation-of-state measurement of dense plasmas heated with fast protons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPANDED STATES; MATTER; PULSES; HOT AB Using an ultrafast pulse of mega-electron-volt energy protons accelerated from a laser-irradiated foil, we have heated solid density aluminum plasmas to temperatures in excess of 15 eV. By measuring the temperature and the expansion rate of the heated Al plasma simultaneously and with picosecond time resolution we have found the predictions of the SESAME Livermore equation-of-state (LEOS) tables to be accurate to within 18%, in this dense plasma regime, where there have been few previous experimental measurements. C1 [Dyer, G. M.; Bernstein, A. C.; Cho, B. I.; Osterholz, J.; Grigsby, W.; Dalton, A.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shepherd, R.; Ping, Y.; Chen, H.; Widmann, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dyer, GM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Cho, Byoung-ick/A-6294-2011 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700031 PM 18764119 ER PT J AU Ferreira, LM Park, T Sidorov, V Nicklas, M Bittar, EM Lora-Serrano, R Hering, EN Ramos, SM Fontes, MB Baggio-Saitovich, E Lee, HO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Pagliuso, PG AF Ferreira, L. Mendonca Park, T. Sidorov, V. Nicklas, M. Bittar, E. M. Lora-Serrano, R. Hering, E. N. Ramos, S. M. Fontes, M. B. Baggio-Saitovich, E. Lee, Hanoh Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. Pagliuso, P. G. TI Tuning the pressure-induced superconducting phase in doped CeRhIn(5) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-CRITICAL-POINT; HEAVY; CECOIN5 AB Pressure- and temperature-dependent heat capacity and electrical resistivity experiments on Sn- and La-doped CeRhIn(5) are reported for two samples with specific concentrations, Ce(0.90)La(0.10)RhIn(5) and CeRhIn(4.84)Sn(0.16), which present the same T(N)=2.8 K. The obtained P-T phase diagrams for doped CeRhIn(5) compared to that for the pure compound show that Sn doping shifts the diagram to lower pressures while La doping does exactly the opposite, indicating that the important energy scale to define the pressure range for superconductivity in CeRhIn(5) is the strength of the on-site Kondo coupling. C1 [Ferreira, L. Mendonca; Bittar, E. M.; Lora-Serrano, R.; Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, Brazil. [Park, T.; Sidorov, V.; Lee, Hanoh; Sarrao, J. L.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nicklas, M.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Hering, E. N.; Ramos, S. M.; Fontes, M. B.; Baggio-Saitovich, E.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Park, T.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Ferreira, LM (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, CP 6165, BR-13083970 Campinas, Brazil. RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Ferreira, Leticie/C-4311-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008; Bittar, Eduardo/B-6266-2008; Lora Serrano, Raimundo/L-6307-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Nicklas, Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162; Bittar, Eduardo/0000-0002-2762-1312; Lora Serrano, Raimundo/0000-0003-3777-2170; NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 017005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.017005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700059 PM 18764147 ER PT J AU Hossain, MA Hu, Z Haverkort, MW Burnus, T Chang, CF Klein, S Denlinger, JD Lin, HJ Chen, CT Mathieu, R Kaneko, Y Tokura, Y Satow, S Yoshida, Y Takagi, H Tanaka, A Elfimov, IS Sawatzky, GA Tjeng, LH Damascelli, A AF Hossain, M. A. Hu, Z. Haverkort, M. W. Burnus, T. Chang, C. F. Klein, S. Denlinger, J. D. Lin, H. -J. Chen, C. T. Mathieu, R. Kaneko, Y. Tokura, Y. Satow, S. Yoshida, Y. Takagi, H. Tanaka, A. Elfimov, I. S. Sawatzky, G. A. Tjeng, L. H. Damascelli, A. TI Crystal-field level inversion in lightly Mn-doped Sr(3)Ru(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUTHENATE SR3RU2O7; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; OXIDES AB Sr(3)(Ru(1-x)Mn(x))(2)O(7), in which 4d-Ru is substituted by the more localized 3d-Mn, is studied by x-ray dichroism and spin-resolved density functional theory. We find that Mn impurities do not exhibit the same 4+ valence of Ru, but act as 3+ acceptors; the extra e(g) electron occupies the in-plane 3d(x)(2)-y(2) orbital instead of the expected out-of-plane 3d(3z)(2)-r(2). We propose that the 3d-4d interplay, via the ligand oxygen orbitals, is responsible for this crystal-field level inversion and the material's transition to an antiferromagnetic, possibly orbitally ordered, low-temperature state. C1 [Hossain, M. A.; Elfimov, I. S.; Sawatzky, G. A.; Damascelli, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hu, Z.; Haverkort, M. W.; Burnus, T.; Chang, C. F.; Klein, S.; Tjeng, L. H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Denlinger, J. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, H. -J.; Chen, C. T.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. [Mathieu, R.; Kaneko, Y.; Tokura, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Satow, S.; Takagi, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Yoshida, Y.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Tanaka, A.] Hiroshima Univ, ADSM, Dept Quantum Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. RP Hossain, MA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM damascelli@physics.ubc.ca RI Kaneko, Yoshio/B-3274-2013; Burnus, Tobias/A-8376-2008; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014; Hu, Zhiwei/B-8635-2008; Haverkort, Maurits W./D-2319-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Chang, Chun-Fu/B-7805-2012; Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Hossain, Muhammed/G-3876-2012 OI Burnus, Tobias/0000-0002-3206-2797; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226; Mathieu, Roland/0000-0002-5261-2047; Haverkort, Maurits W./0000-0002-7216-3146; Chang, Chun-Fu/0000-0003-1803-2468; Hossain, Muhammed/0000-0003-1440-3161 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 016404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.016404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700043 PM 18764131 ER PT J AU Li, HQ Choo, H Ren, Y Saleh, TA Lienert, U Liaw, PK Ebrahimi, F AF Li, Hongqi Choo, Hahn Ren, Yang Saleh, Tarik A. Lienert, Ulrich Liaw, Peter K. Ebrahimi, Fereshteh TI Strain-dependent deformation behavior in nanocrystalline metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; THIN-FILMS; ALLOYS; COPPER; TEM AB The deformation behavior as a function of applied strain was studied in a nanostructured Ni-Fe alloy using the in situ synchrotron diffraction technique. It was found that the plastic deformation process consists of two stages, undergoing a transition with applied strain. At low strains, the deformation is mainly accommodated at grain boundaries, while at large strains, the dislocation motion becomes probable and eventually dominates. In addition, current results revealed that, at small grain sizes, the 0.2% offset criterion cannot be used to define the macroscopic yield strength any more. The present study also explained the controversial observations in the literature. C1 [Li, Hongqi; Saleh, Tarik A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Hongqi; Choo, Hahn; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ren, Yang; Lienert, Ulrich] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ebrahimi, Fereshteh] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Li, HQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hqli@lanl.gov RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Saleh, Tarik/0000-0003-2108-4293 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 015502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700035 PM 18764123 ER PT J AU Maibaum, L AF Maibaum, Lutz TI Comment on "Elucidating the Mechanism of Nucleation near the Gas-Liquid Spinodal" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB A Comment on the Letter by Prabhakar Bhimalapuram, Suman Chakrabarty, and Biman Bagchi, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206104 (2007)]. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maibaum, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 019601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.019601 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700073 PM 18764161 ER PT J AU Morris, K Koplik, J Rouson, DWI AF Morris, Karla Koplik, Joel Rouson, Damian W. I. TI Vortex locking in direct numerical simulations of quantum turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID-HELIUM; RECONNECTIONS AB Direct numerical simulations are used to examine the locking of quantized superfluid vortices and normal fluid vorticity in evolving turbulent flows. The superfluid is driven by the normal fluid, which undergoes either a decaying Taylor-Green flow or a linearly forced homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow, although the back reaction of the superfluid on the normal fluid flow is omitted. Using correlation functions and wavelet transforms, we present numerical and visual evidence for vortex locking on length scales above the intervortex spacing. C1 [Morris, Karla] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Koplik, Joel] CUNY City Coll, Benjamin Levich Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Koplik, Joel] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Rouson, Damian W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Res & Dev Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Morris, K (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 015301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700033 PM 18764121 ER PT J AU Reed, EJ Armstrong, MR Kim, KY Glownia, JH AF Reed, Evan J. Armstrong, Michael R. Kim, Ki-Yong Glownia, James H. TI Atomic-scale time and space resolution of terahertz frequency acoustic waves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GENERATION; CRYSTAL; PHONONS AB Using molecular dynamics simulations and analytics, we find that strain waves of terahertz frequencies can coherently generate radiation when they propagate past an interface between materials with different piezoelectric coefficients. By considering AlN/GaN heterostructures, we show that the radiation is of detectable amplitude and contains sufficient information to determine the time dependence of the strain wave with potentially subpicosecond, nearly atomic time and space resolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon within the context of high amplitude terahertz frequency strain waves that spontaneously form at the front of shock waves in GaN crystals. C1 [Reed, Evan J.; Armstrong, Michael R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kim, Ki-Yong; Glownia, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reed23@llnl.gov RI Armstrong, Michael/I-9454-2012 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 014302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.014302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700027 PM 18764115 ER PT J AU Schlesinger, Z Rosen, JA Hancock, JN Ramirez, AP AF Schlesinger, Z. Rosen, J. A. Hancock, J. N. Ramirez, A. P. TI Soft manifold dynamics behind negative thermal expansion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIGID UNIT MODES; ZRW2O8 AB Minimal models are developed to examine the origin of large negative thermal expansion in underconstrained systems. The dynamics of these models reveals how underconstraint can organize a thermodynamically extensive manifold of low-energy modes which not only drives negative thermal expansion but extends across the Brillioun zone. Mixing of twist and translation in the eigenvectors of these modes, for which in ZrW(2)O(8) there is evidence from infrared and neutron scattering measurements, emerges naturally in our model as a signature of the dynamics of underconstraint. C1 [Schlesinger, Z.; Rosen, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hancock, J. N.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hancock, J. N.] Stanford Univ, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ramirez, A. P.] Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Schlesinger, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Hancock, Jason/F-4694-2010 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 015501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700034 PM 18764122 ER PT J AU Wan, MB Reichhardt, CJO Nussinov, Z Reichhardt, C AF Wan, M. B. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Nussinov, Z. Reichhardt, C. TI Rectification of swimming bacteria and self-driven particle systems by arrays of asymmetric barriers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT AB We show that the recent experimental observation of the rectification of swimming bacteria in a system with an array of asymmetric barriers occurs due to the ballistic component of the bacteria trajectories introduced by the bacterial "motor." Each bacterium selects a random direction for motion and then moves in this direction for a fixed period of time before randomly changing its orientation and moving in a new direction. In the limit where the bacteria undergo only Brownian motion on the size scale of the barriers, rectification does not occur. We examine the effects of steric interactions between the bacteria and observe a clogging effect upon increasing the bacteria density. C1 [Wan, M. B.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Nussinov, Z.; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wan, M. B.; Nussinov, Z.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. RP Wan, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 11 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 018102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.018102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700067 PM 18764155 ER PT J AU Wan, WG Lapenta, G AF Wan, Weigang Lapenta, Giovanni TI Electron self-reinforcing process of magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS; SIMULATIONS; CHALLENGE AB The growth of collisionless magnetic reconnection is discovered to be a nonlinear electron self-reinforcing process. Accelerated by the reconnection electric field, the small portion of energetic electrons in the vicinity of the X point are found to be the cause of the fast reconnection rate. This new mechanism explains that recent simulation results of different reconnection evolutions (i.e., steady state, quasisteady state, or nonsteady state) are essentially determined by the availability of feeding plasma inflows. Simulations are carried out with open boundary conditions. C1 [Wan, Weigang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lapenta, Giovanni] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Wiskunde, Centrum Plasma Astrofys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Wan, WG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.015001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700030 PM 18764118 ER PT J AU Zhang, WT Liu, GD Meng, JQ Zhao, L Liu, HY Dong, XL Lu, W Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Gu, GD Sasagawa, T Wang, GL Zhu, Y Zhang, HB Zhou, Y Wang, XY Zhao, ZX Chen, CT Xu, ZY Zhou, XJ AF Zhang, Wentao Liu, Guodong Meng, Jianqiao Zhao, Lin Liu, Haiyun Dong, Xiaoli Lu, Wei Wen, J. S. Xu, Z. J. Gu, G. D. Sasagawa, T. Wang, Guiling Zhu, Yong Zhang, Hongbo Zhou, Yong Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Zhongxian Chen, Chuangtian Xu, Zuyan Zhou, X. J. TI High energy dispersion relations for the high temperature Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) superconductor from laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on the high energy electron dynamics in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) high temperature superconductor. Our superhigh resolution data, momentum-dependent measurements, and complete analysis provide important information to judge the nature of the high energy dispersion and kink. Our results rule out the possibility that the high energy dispersion from the momentum distribution curve (MDC) may represent the true bare band as believed in previous studies. We also rule out the possibility that the high energy kink represents electron coupling with some high energy modes as proposed before. Through detailed MDC and energy distribution curve analyses, we propose that the high energy MDC dispersion may not represent intrinsic band structure. C1 [Zhang, Wentao; Liu, Guodong; Meng, Jianqiao; Zhao, Lin; Liu, Haiyun; Dong, Xiaoli; Lu, Wei; Zhao, Zhongxian; Zhou, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Superconduct, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wen, J. S.; Xu, Z. J.; Gu, G. D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sasagawa, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Wang, Guiling; Zhang, Hongbo; Zhou, Yong; Xu, Zuyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Lab Opt, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yong; Wang, Xiaoyang; Chen, Chuangtian] Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Superconduct, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM XJZhou@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Zhou, Yong/G-2314-2011; ZHANG, Wentao/B-3626-2011; Meng, Jianqiao/D-2667-2013 OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Meng, Jianqiao/0000-0003-3168-9819 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 AR 017002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.017002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 323DR UT WOS:000257424700056 PM 18764144 ER PT J AU Teixeira, SCM Zaccai, G Ankner, J Bellissent-Funel, MC Bewley, R Blakeley, MP Callow, P Coates, L Dahint, R Dalgliesh, R Dencher, NA Forsyth, VT Fragneto, G Frick, B Gilles, R Gutberlet, T Haertlein, M Hauss, T Haussler, W Heller, WT Herwig, K Holderer, O Juranyi, F Kampmann, R Knott, R Krueger, S Langan, P Lechner, RE Lynn, G Majkrzak, C May, RP Meilleur, F Mo, Y Mortensen, K Myles, DAA Natali, F Neylon, C Niimura, N Ollivier, J Ostermann, A Peters, J Pieper, J Ruhm, A Schwahn, D Shibata, K Soper, AK Strassle, T Suzuki, J Tanaka, I Tehei, M Timmins, P Torikai, N Unruh, T Urban, V Vavrin, R Weiss, K AF Teixeira, S. C. M. Zaccai, G. Ankner, J. Bellissent-Funel, M. C. Bewley, R. Blakeley, M. P. Callow, P. Coates, L. Dahint, R. Dalgliesh, R. Dencher, N. A. Forsyth, V. T. Fragneto, G. Frick, B. Gilles, R. Gutberlet, T. Haertlein, M. Hauss, T. Haeussler, W. Heller, W. T. Herwig, K. Holderer, O. Juranyi, F. Kampmann, R. Knott, R. Krueger, S. Langan, P. Lechner, R. E. Lynn, G. Majkrzak, C. May, R. P. Meilleur, F. Mo, Y. Mortensen, K. Myles, D. A. A. Natali, F. Neylon, C. Niimura, N. Ollivier, J. Ostermann, A. Peters, J. Pieper, J. Ruehm, A. Schwahn, D. Shibata, K. Soper, A. K. Straessle, Th. Suzuki, J. Tanaka, I. Tehei, M. Timmins, P. Torikai, N. Unruh, T. Urban, V. Vavrin, R. Weiss, K. TI New sources and instrumentation for neutrons in biology (vol 345, pg 133, 2008) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Zaccai, G.; Blakeley, M. P.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.; Fragneto, G.; Frick, B.; Haertlein, M.; May, R. P.; Natali, F.; Ollivier, J.; Peters, J.; Tehei, M.; Timmins, P.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.] Keele Univ, Res Inst Environm Phys Sci & Appl Math, Keele, Staffs, England. [Heller, W. T.; Lynn, G.; Mo, Y.; Myles, D. A. A.; Urban, V.; Weiss, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bellissent-Funel, M. C.] CEA Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bewley, R.; Dalgliesh, R.; Neylon, C.; Soper, A. K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ankner, J.; Coates, L.; Herwig, K.; Meilleur, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dahint, R.] Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dencher, N. A.; Hauss, T.; Lechner, R. E.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Chem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Torikai, N.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Neutron Sci Lab KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.; Vavrin, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.; Vavrin, R.] PSI, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gilles, R.; Haeussler, W.; Ostermann, A.; Unruh, T.] Tech Univ Munich, Forschsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FRM I, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Gutberlet, T.; Holderer, O.; Schwahn, D.] FRM II, Julius Ctr Neutron Sci, Forschzentrum Julich, Garching, Germany. [Hauss, T.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Kampmann, R.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Knott, R.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Krueger, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Langan, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosc Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Meilleur, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Struct & Mol Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mortensen, K.] Forskningsctr Riso, Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Shibata, K.] Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. [Pieper, J.] Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Ruehm, A.] MPI Metforsch ZWE FRM II N REX, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Teixeira, SCM (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM teixeira@ill.fr RI Mortensen, Kell/A-5066-2009; Frick, Bernhard/C-2756-2011; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Dencher, Norbert/G-6640-2014; Teixeira, Susana/H-2205-2016; Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; Gutberlet, Thomas/D-5613-2014; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; HauSS, Thomas/O-4667-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI Mortensen, Kell/0000-0002-8998-9390; Teixeira, Susana/0000-0002-6603-7936; Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Gutberlet, Thomas/0000-0002-6194-2259; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; HauSS, Thomas/0000-0001-9325-6432; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 170 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.04.007 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 329ZD UT WOS:000257908200027 ER PT J AU Zaveri, RA Easter, RC Fast, JD Peters, LK AF Zaveri, Rahul A. Easter, Richard C. Fast, Jerome D. Peters, Leonard K. TI Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; EFFLORESCENCE RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; UNITED-STATES; CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT; NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES; CORUNDUM INCLUSIONS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL AB [1] This paper describes and evaluates a new Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC), with a special focus on addressing the long-standing issues in solving the dynamic partitioning of semivolatile inorganic gases (HNO3, HCl, and NH3) to size-distributed atmospheric aerosol particles. The coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) for dynamic gas-particle mass transfer are extremely stiff, and the available numerical techniques are either very expensive or produce oscillatory solutions. These limitations are overcome in MOSAIC with a new dynamic gas-particle partitioning module, which is coupled to an efficient and accurate thermodynamics module. The algorithm includes a new concept of "dynamic pH,'' a novel formulation for mass transfer to mixed-phase and solid particles, and an adaptive time stepping scheme, which together hold the key to smooth, accurate, and efficient solutions of gas-particle partitioning over the entire relative humidity range. MOSAIC is found to be in excellent agreement with a benchmark version of the model that uses a rigorous solver for integrating the stiff ODEs. The steady-state MOSAIC results for monodisperse aerosol test cases are also in excellent agreement with those obtained with the benchmark equilibrium model AIM. Moreover, the CPU times required for fully dynamic solutions by MOSAIC per size bin per 5 min intervals (typical 3-D model time steps) are similar to those for bulk equilibrium solutions by the computationally efficient but relatively less accurate model ISORROPIA. These results show that MOSAIC is extremely efficient without compromising accuracy, and is therefore highly attractive for use in air quality and regional/global aerosol models. C1 [Zaveri, Rahul A.; Easter, Richard C.; Fast, Jerome D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Peters, Leonard K.] Global Lab Operat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zaveri, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, MSIN K9-30,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rahul.zaveri@pnl.gov OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 87 TC 226 Z9 229 U1 11 U2 66 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D13 AR D13204 DI 10.1029/2007JD008782 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FU UT WOS:000257431800001 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Kneafsey, TJ Winters, WJ Mason, DH AF Waite, W. F. Kneafsey, T. J. Winters, W. J. Mason, D. H. TI Physical property changes in hydrate-bearing sediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID METHANE HYDRATE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GAS; SAND; DISSOCIATION; VELOCITY; FORM AB Physical property measurements of sediment cores containing natural gas hydrate are typically performed on material exposed, at least briefly, to non-in situ conditions during recovery. To examine the effects of a brief excursion from the gas-hydrate stability field, as can occur when pressure cores are transferred to pressurized storage vessels, we measured physical properties on laboratory-formed sand packs containing methane hydrate and methane pore gas. After depressurizing samples to atmospheric pressure, we repressurized them into the methane-hydrate stability field and remeasured their physical properties. Thermal conductivity, shear strength, acoustic compressional and shear wave amplitudes, and speeds of the original and depressurized/repressurized samples are compared. X-ray computed tomography images track how the gas-hydrate distribution changes in the hydrate-cemented sands owing to the depressurizaton/repressurization process. Because depressurization-induced property changes can be substantial and are not easily predicted, particularly in water-saturated, hydrate-bearing sediment, maintaining pressure and temperature conditions throughout the core recovery and measurement process is critical for using laboratory measurements to estimate in situ properties. C1 [Waite, W. F.; Winters, W. J.; Mason, D. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kneafsey, T. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B7 AR B07102 DI 10.1029/2007JB005351 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 323GH UT WOS:000257433700001 ER PT J AU Bryantsev, VS de Jong, WA Cossel, KC Diallo, MS Goddard, WA Groenewold, GS Chien, W Van Stipdonk, MJ AF Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S. de Jong, Wibe A. Cossel, Kevin C. Diallo, Mamadou S. Goddard, William A., III Groenewold, Gary S. Chien, Winnie Van Stipdonk, Michael J. TI Two-electron three-centered bond in side-on (eta(2)) uranyl(V) superoxo complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID METAL-COMPLEXES; DIOXYGEN COMPLEXES; GAS-PHASE; LIGAND; UO2; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; SPECTRA AB Theoretical calculations suggest a novel two-electron three-atom bonding scheme for complexation of O-2 with U(V) compounds, leading to the stabilization of superoxo complexes in the side-on (eta(2)) configuration. This binding motif is likely to play an important role in the oxidative processes involving trans-uranium compounds having valence 5f(phi) electrons. C1 [Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Diallo, Mamadou S.; Goddard, William A., III] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Groenewold, Gary S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Chien, Winnie; Van Stipdonk, Michael J.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Goddard, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Beckman Inst 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wag@wag.caltech.edu RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Diallo, Mamadou/C-2075-2011; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/M-5111-2016 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-6501-6594 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 5777 EP 5780 DI 10.1021/jp804202q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 319HW UT WOS:000257155700003 PM 18540589 ER PT J AU Petersen, MK Hatt, AJ Voth, GA AF Petersen, Matt K. Hatt, Alison J. Voth, Gregory A. TI Orientational dynamics of water in the Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane and its relationship to proton transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL VALENCE-BOND; FUEL-CELL MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATED PROTON; FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION; REVERSE MICELLES; EXCESS PROTON; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATION; SIMULATIONS AB Orientational anisotropies are calculated from molecular dynamics simulations of bulk water and the Na+ and HI forms of hydrated Nation and then compared with corresponding experimental values. The extended jump model of Laage and Hynes is applied to water reorientations for each system, and the anisotropies are explored as a product of hydrogen bond restricted "wobble-in-a-cone" reorientations and that due to the discrete jumps of hydrogen bond reorganization. Additionally, the timescales of hydrogen bond switching and proton transport are presented for bulk water and the H+ form of hydrated Nafion. The short time scale of proton hopping is found to be independent of Nafion water loading, suggesting the short time dynamics of proton hopping are relatively insensitive to the level of hydration. Furthermore, the long time decay for the forward rate of hydrogen bond switching is shown to be identical to the long time decay in the forward rate of proton hopping, for bulk water and all water loadings of Nation investigated, suggesting a unified process. C1 [Voth, Gregory A.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Voth, Gregory A.] Univ Utah, Ctr Biophys Modeling & Simulat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Petersen, Matt K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hatt, Alison J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Voth, GA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM voth@chem.utah.edu RI Hatt, Alison/B-4652-2010 NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 7754 EP 7761 DI 10.1021/jp800221x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 319HT UT WOS:000257155400010 PM 18533697 ER PT J AU Olson, DC Lee, YJ White, MS Kopidakis, N Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS Voigt, JA Hsu, JWP AF Olson, Dana C. Lee, Yun-Ju White, Matthew S. Kopidakis, Nikos Shaheen, Sean E. Ginley, David S. Voigt, James A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Effect of ZnO processing on the photovoltage of ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; CHARGE SEPARATION EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTOR OXIDES; POLYMER; DEVICES; PERFORMANCE; TIO2; GENERATION; INTERFACES; ALIGNMENT AB Proper contact and band alignment across the heterojunction interface is critical to the performance of hybrid pi-conjugated polymer-nanostructured metal oxide photovoltaic devices. We investigated the effect of ZnO surface processing on ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiolphene) device performance. Devices in which the ZnCl films/nanorods were heated at 150 degrees C in air exhibited an open circuit voltage similar to 200 mV higher than devices with ZnO treated by UV/ozone. We conclude that the differences observed in the two types of devices predominantly arise from changes in interfacial dipoles, and intermediate materials processing can be critical to solar cell performance. C1 [Olson, Dana C.; White, Matthew S.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lee, Yun-Ju; Voigt, James A.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shaheen, Sean E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Olson, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dana_olson@nrel.gov RI White, Matthew/B-3405-2013; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 OI White, Matthew/0000-0001-6719-790X; NR 26 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9544 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/jp802626u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200002 ER PT J AU Getman, RB Xu, Y Schneider, WF AF Getman, Rachel B. Xu, Ye Schneider, William F. TI Thermodynamics of environment-dependent oxygen chemisorption on Pt(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; CO OXIDATION REACTION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ATOMIC OXYGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; SELF-ORGANIZATION; CERIA FILMS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE AB The reactivity of heterogeneous metal catalysts can be a strong function of the coverage of adsorbates. For example, Pt-catalyzed NO oxidation to NO(2) requires high concentrations of chemisorbed (surface-bound) O. but the development of surface oxides is detrimental to reaction kinetics. Quantifying the structures, properties, and especially the conditions that produce various adsorbate coverages is essential to developing qualitatively and quantitatively correct models of surface reactivity. In this work, we examine these ideas in the context of oxidation reactions on Pt(111), the lowest energy face of bulk Pt. We use extensive supercell density functional theory (DFT) calculations to catalog and characterize the stable binding sites and arrangements of chemisorbed O on Pt(111), as a function of O coverage, theta. O atoms are found to uniformly prefer FCC binding sites and to arrange to minimize various destabilizing interactions with neighbor O. These destabilizing interactions are shown to have electronic and strain components that can either reinforce or oppose one another depending upon O-O separation. Because of the nature and magnitudes of these lateral interactions, the thermodynamically stable 0 orderings partition into four coverage regimes of decreasing adsorption energy: 0 < theta <= 1/4 monolayer (ML), 1/4 < theta <= 1/2 ML, 1/2 < theta <= 2/3 ML, and 2/3 < theta <= 1 ML. We use equilibrium models to quantify the oxygen chemical potentials mu(O) necessary to access each of these regimes. These equilibrium models can be used to relate surface coverage to various external environmental conditions and assumptions about relevant reaction equilibria: dissociative equilibrium of the surface with O(2) (g) can produce coverages up to 1/2 ML; either NO(2) decomposition or "NO-assisted" O(2) dissociation can access coverages approaching 2/3 ML, as observed during NO oxidation catalysis, and equilibrium with a solid-oxygen storage material, like ceria-zirconia, can buffer equilibrium coverages at a constant 1/4 ML O. These various oxidation reaction energies can be summarized in a single "Ellingham" free energy diagram, providing a convenient representation of the relationship between surface coverage and reaction thermodynamics, and a useful guide toward relevant coverage regimes for more detailed study of reaction kinetics. C1 [Getman, Rachel B.; Schneider, William F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Schneider, William F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Xu, Ye] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Ye] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneider, WF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM wschneider@nd.edu RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832 NR 95 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9559 EP 9572 DI 10.1021/jp800905a PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200006 ER PT J AU Deng, X Herranz, T Weis, C Bluhm, H Salmeron, M AF Deng, Xingyi Herranz, Tirma Weis, Christoph Bluhm, Hendrik Salmeron, Miquel TI Adsorption of water on Cu2O and Al2O3 thin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; SURFACES; OXYGEN; FILMS; H2O; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; TIO2(110); STABILITY AB The initial stages of water condensation, approximately 6 molecular layers, on two oxide surfaces, Cu2O and Al2O3, have been investigated by using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at relative humidity values (RH) from 0 to > 90%. Water adsorbs first dissociatively on oxygen vacancies producing adsorbed hydroxyl groups in a stoichiometric reaction: O-lattic + vacancies + H2O = 2OH. The reaction is completed at similar to 1% RH and is followed by adsorption of molecular water. The thickness of the water film grows with increasing RH. The first monolayer is completed at similar to 15% RH on both oxides and and is followed by a second layer at 35-40% RH. At 90% RH, about 6 layers of H2O film have been formed on Al2O3. C1 [Deng, Xingyi; Herranz, Tirma; Weis, Christoph; Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Herranz, Tirma/A-8656-2008; OI Deng, Xingyi/0000-0001-9109-1443 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9668 EP 9672 DI 10.1021/jp800944r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200022 ER PT J AU Senanayake, SD Mullins, DR AF Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Mullins, David R. TI Redox pathways for HCOOH decomposition over CeO2 surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FORMIC-ACID DECOMPOSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; FILM CERIUM OXIDE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ADSORPTION; METHANOL; FORMALDEHYDE; FORMATE AB The reaction of HCOOH, the simplest C-1 carboxylic acid, has been studied on oxidized (CeO2) and reduced cerium oxide (CeOX) thin films. HCOOH has been proposed as an important C1 precursor to the formation Of CO2 and H-2 in the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction, in which ceria is also used as a stable support rich in oxygen. The HCOOH is observed to adsorb by way of a formate intermediate species (HCOO-) through the dissociation of the acidic H over both CeO2 (Cell) and CeOX (Ce4+/Ce3+) surfaces. On the fully oxidized CeO2 surface, this H species reacts with surface O and desorbs as H2O when the temperature is < 300 K. In addition to water, temperature programmed desorption spectra indicate the evolution of CO2 and H-2 between 350 and 400 K followed by CO desorption in two regimes at 450 and 525 K. On reduced ceria, only CO and H-2 were produced between 450 and 600 K. The reaction of HCOOH with ceria therefore leads to both the reduction of the oxide, through the formation of H2O and CO2, and oxidation of the oxide, through decomposition to H-2 and CO, depending on the initial state of the ceria. C K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that formate and -OH were the only surface intermediates. C1 [Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Mullins, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mullins, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6201, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mullinsdr@ornl.gov RI Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009 OI Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232 NR 41 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9744 EP 9752 DI 10.1021/jp8016425 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200033 ER PT J AU Ferguson, AJ Kopidakis, N Shaheen, SE Rumbles, G AF Ferguson, Andrew J. Kopidakis, Nikos Shaheen, Sean E. Rumbles, Garry TI Quenching of excitons by holes in poly(3-hexylthiophene) films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-CARRIER GENERATION; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ELECTROLUMINESCENT POLYMERS; MOBILITY; EFFICIENCY; DIFFUSION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROJUNCTION AB The generation of excitons and their interaction with holes in films of neat regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the polymer blended with 1 wt% of the electron-acceptor [6,6] -phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been studied using flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity. The sublinear relationship between the photogenerated hole density and the incident light intensity, in both the neat polymer and the donor-acceptor blend, can be attributed to the quenching of excitons by holes, at a rate characterized by a second-order rate constant (gamma(2)) of 3 x 10(-8) cm(3)/s. This value is larger than that found for other, luminescent conjugated polymers; the difference may be attributed to a greater collision probability, due to the higher mobility of the interacting species, or to an enhancement of the quenching rate once they are in close proximity. The phenomenon has consequences for the ultimate efficiency of organic photovoltaic solar cells that are based on the simple polymer:PCBM bulk heterojunction, especially under conditions of solar concentration. C1 [Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Shaheen, Sean E.; Rumbles, Garry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rumbles, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM garry_rumbles@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; Ferguson, Andrew/0000-0003-2544-1753 NR 44 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9865 EP 9871 DI 10.1021/jp7113412 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200048 ER PT J AU Bae, ST Shin, H Kim, JY Jung, HS Hong, KS AF Bae, Shin-Tae Shin, Hyunho Kim, Jin Young Jung, Hyun Suk Hong, Kug Sun TI Roles of MgO coating layer on mesoporous TiO2/ITO electrode in a photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELL; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; HYDROGEN; ENERGY; FILMS AB A MgO layer was spin coated on a mesoporous TiO2/ITO electrode for application to the working electrode of a water splitting photoelectrochemical cell. The role of MgO has two faces: (1) blocking the back electron transfer from TiO2 to electrolyte (positive influence) and (2) blocking the hole escape from TiO2 to electrolyte (negative influence). The competition between the positive and negative influences of the MgO layer results in maximal performance of the cell at an optimum effective thickness of the MgO layer. Further, the mechanism of light interference of the electrolyte/MgO/TiO2 system also contributes to the performance maximization with regard to the MgO layer thickness. Under a bias voltage, however, the role of blocking the hole escape prevails the blocking of the back electron transfer as well as the influence of the light interference; thereby the increase of MgO thickness diminishes the performance of the cell. C1 [Bae, Shin-Tae; Hong, Kug Sun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Shin, Hyunho] Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, Gangwon Do, South Korea. [Kim, Jin Young] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jung, Hyun Suk] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Shin, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San 56-1, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM hshin@kangnung.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 26 BP 9937 EP 9942 DI 10.1021/jp8021562 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 319HR UT WOS:000257155200057 ER PT J AU Abazovi, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, I Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Korablev, VM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Krop, D Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Leveque, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merrittx, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, R Mondal, N Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Oteci, R Garzon, GJY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Polozovak, P Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rich, P Rieger, J Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schailey, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Sharyr, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Temple, J Tiller, B Tissandier, F Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vokac, P Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wenger, A Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazovi, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, I. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Biscarat, C. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hossain, S. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, P. A. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaushik, V. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Kirsch, M. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Korablev, V. M. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Krop, D. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lacroix, F. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lellouch, J. Leveque, J. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Luna, R. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merrittx, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. 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Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schailey, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Sharyr, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Tamburello, P. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Search for scalar top quarks in the acoplanar charm jets and missing transverse energy final state in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID STOP AB We present a search for the pair production of scalar top quarks, (t) over tilde, using 995 pb(-1) of data collected in p (p) over bar collisions with the Dempty set detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at root s = 1.96 TeV. Both scalar top quarks are assumed to decay into a charm quark and a neutralino ((chi) over tilde (0)(1)), where (chi) over tilde (0)(1) is the lightest supersymmetric particle. This leads to a final state with two acoplanar charm jets and missing transverse energy. We find the yield of such events to be consistent with the standard model expectation, and exclude sets of (t) over tilde and (chi) over tilde (0)(1) masses at the 95% C.L. that substantially extend the domain excluded by previous searches. Published by Elsevier B.V. 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N.; Korablev, V. M.; Kozelov, A. V.; Lipaev, V. V.; Popov, A. V.; Shchukin, A. A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Vasilyev, I. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Lobodenko, A.; Neustroev, P.; Scheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Uvarov, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, S.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, S.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, S.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, S.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Bertram, I.; Borissov, G.; Burdin, S.; Love, P.; Rakitine, A.; Ratoff, P. N.; Sopczak, A.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Bauer, D.; Beuselinck, R.; Blekman, F.; Buszello, C. P.; Christoudias, T.; Davies, G.; Hays, J.; Jesik, R.; Jonsson, P.; Osman, N.; Petteni, M.; Robinson, S.; Scanlon, T.; Villeneuve-Seguier, F.; Vint, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Harder, K.; Madaras, R. J.; Mommsen, Rx; Owen, M.; Peters, K.; Rich, P.; Schwanenberger, C.; Wyatt, T. R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Anderson, S.; Burke, S.; Cheu, E.; Das, A.; Johns, K.; Leveque, J.; Tamburello, P.; Temple, J.; Varnes, E. W.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hall, R. E.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Chandra, A.; Ellison, J.; Heinson, A. P.; Li, L.; Wimpenny, S. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Adams, I.; Askew, A.; Atramentov, O.; Blessing, S.; Boehnlein, A.; Buchanan, N. J.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Hagopian, S.; Kau, D.; Prosper, H. B.; Sekaric, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wahl, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Aoki, M.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Bhat, P. C.; Bross, A.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cihangir, S.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Fu, S.; Fuess, S.; Gallas, E.; Greenlee, H.; Gruenendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Juste, A.; Kasper, P. A.; Khalatyan, N.; Klima, B.; Lee, W. M.; Li, Q. Z.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Mao, H. S.; Merrittx, K. W.; Mulders, M.; Naimuddin, M.; Oshima, N.; Otero Y Garzon, G. J.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Rubinov, P.; Savage, G.; Sirotenko, V.; Stutte, L.; Verzocchi, M.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Weber, M.; Yamada, R.; Yasuda, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Heinmiller, J. M.; Shabalina, E.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Gerber, C. E.; Hedin, D.; Lima, J. G. R.; Uzunyan, S.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Zutshi, V.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Andeen, T.; Anzelc, M. S.; Buchholz, D.; Evans, H.; Kirby, M. H.; Schellman, H.; Strom, D.; Yacoob, S.; Youn, S. W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krop, D.; Parua, N.; Rieger, J.; Van Kooten, R.; Welty-Rieger, L.; Zieminska, D.; Zieminski, A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hildreth, M. D.; Lam, D.; Osta, J.; Pogorelov, Y.; Ruchti, R.; Smirnov, D.; Snow, G. R.; Snow, J.; Snyder, S.; Soeldner-Rembold, S.; Sonnenschein, L.; Svoisky, P.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Parashar, N.; Ruchti, R.; Sonnenschein, L.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Hauptman, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bean, A.; Hensel, C.; Moulik, T.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Arov, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Kalk, J. M.; Sawyer, L.; Steele, J.; Wobisch, M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Baden, A.; Eno, S.; Hadley, N. J.; Jarvis, C.; Toole, T.; Wang, L.; Wetstein, M.; Yan, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boline, D.; Butler, J. M.; Cho, D. K.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Harrington, R.; Hesketh, G.; Reucroft, S.; Rizatdinova, F.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alton, A.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Magerkurth, A.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Strandberg, J.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Dyer, J.; Edmunds, D.; Hall, I.; Hauser, R.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Pope, B. G.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Malik, S.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Haley, J.; Kharchilava, A.; Schwartzman, A.; Tully, C.; Voutilainen, M.; Wagner, R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Iashvili, I.; Kumar, A.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Gadfort, T.; Haas, A.; Johnson, C.; Katsanos, I.; Khatidze, D.; Lammers, S.; Mitrevski, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.; Zivkovic, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cammin, J.; Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Park, S. -J.; Slattery, P.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Baringer, P.; Dong, H.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Herner, K.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Jain, S.; Rominsky, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bose, T.; Christofek, L.; Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Kaushik, V.; Li, J.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Cooke, M.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Brown, D.; Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Mal, P. K.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shamim, M (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mansoora@fnal.gov RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 665 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.05.037 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 325ZH UT WOS:000257627200001 ER PT J AU Mkrtchyan, H Bosted, PE Adams, GS Ahmidouch, A Angelescu, I Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Benmouna, N Bertoncini, C Blok, HP Boeglin, WU Breuer, H Christy, ME Connell, SH Cui, Y Dalton, MM Danagoulian, S Day, D Dodario, T Dunne, JA Dutta, D El Khayari, N Ent, R Fenker, HC Frolov, VV Gan, L Gaskell, D Hafidi, K Hinton, W Holt, RJ Horn, T Huber, GM Hungerford, E Jiang, X Jones, M Joo, K Kalantarians, N Kelly, JJ Keppel, CE Kubarovsky, V Li, Y Liang, Y Malace, S Markowitz, P McGrath, E Mckee, P Meekins, DG Moziak, B Navasardyan, T Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Opper, AK Ostapenko, T Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Roche, J Rock, SE Schulte, E Segbefia, E Smith, C Smith, GR Stoler, P Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Ungaro, M Uzzle, A Vidakovic, S Villano, A Vulcan, WF Wang, M Warren, G Wesselmann, F Wojtsekhowski, B Wood, SA Xu, C Yuan, L Zheng, X Zhu, H AF Mkrtchyan, H. Bosted, P. E. Adams, G. S. Ahmidouch, A. Angelescu, I. Arrington, J. Asaturyan, R. Baker, O. K. Benmouna, N. Bertoncini, C. Blok, H. P. Boeglin, W. U. Breuer, H. Christy, M. E. Connell, S. H. Cui, Y. Dalton, M. M. Danagoulian, S. Day, D. Dodario, T. Dunne, J. A. Dutta, D. El Khayari, N. Ent, R. Fenker, H. C. Frolov, V. V. Gan, L. Gaskell, D. Hafidi, K. Hinton, W. Holt, R. J. Horn, T. Huber, G. M. Hungerford, E. Jiang, X. Jones, M. Joo, K. Kalantarians, N. Kelly, J. J. Keppel, C. E. Kubarovsky, V. Li, Y. Liang, Y. Malace, S. Markowitz, P. McGrath, E. McKee, P. Meekins, D. G. Moziak, B. Navasardyan, T. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Opper, A. K. Ostapenko, T. Reimer, P. E. Reinhold, J. Roche, J. Rock, S. E. Schulte, E. Segbefia, E. Smith, C. Smith, G. R. Stoler, P. Tadevosyan, V. Tang, L. Ungaro, M. Uzzle, A. Vidakovic, S. Villano, A. Vulcan, W. F. Wang, M. Warren, G. Wesselmann, F. Wojtsekhowski, B. Wood, S. A. Xu, C. Yuan, L. Zheng, X. Zhu, H. TI Transverse momentum dependence of semi-inclusive pion production SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; AZIMUTHAL DEPENDENCE; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; LEPTOPRODUCTION; PROTON; ASYMMETRY; NEUTRON; FRAGMENTATION; G(1)(N); TARGET AB Cross sections for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions (pi(+/-)) from both proton and deuteron targets were measured for 0.2 < x < 0.5, 2 < Q(2) < 4 GeV(2), 0.3 < z < 1, and P(t)(2) < 0.2 GeV(2). For P(t) < 0.1 GeV, we find the azimuthal dependence to be small, as expected theoretically. For both pi(+) and pi(-), the P(t) dependence from the deuteron is found to be slightly weaker than from the proton. In the context of a simple model, this implies that the initial transverse momenta width of d quarks is larger than for u quarks and, contrary to expectations, the transverse momentum width of the favored fragmentation function is larger than the unfavored one. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bosted, P. E.; Baker, O. K.; Ent, R.; Fenker, H. C.; Gaskell, D.; Horn, T.; Jones, M.; Keppel, C. E.; Kubarovsky, V.; Meekins, D. G.; Roche, J.; Smith, G. R.; Tang, L.; Vulcan, W. F.; Warren, G.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Wood, S. A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Mkrtchyan, H.; Asaturyan, R.; Navasardyan, T.; Tadevosyan, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Bosted, P. E.; Rock, S. E.; Wang, M.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Adams, G. S.; Moziak, B.; Stoler, P.; Ungaro, M.; Villano, A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Ahmidouch, A.; Danagoulian, S.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Angelescu, I.; Malace, S.] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Arrington, J.; Hafidi, K.; Holt, R. J.; Reimer, P. E.; Schulte, E.; Zheng, X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, O. K.; Hinton, W.; Keppel, C. E.; Segbefia, E.; Tang, L.; Uzzle, A.; Yuan, L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Benmouna, N.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bertoncini, C.] Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Blok, H. P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Boeglin, W. U.; Markowitz, P.; Reinhold, J.] Florida Int Univ, University Pk, FL 33199 USA. [Breuer, H.; Kelly, J. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Connell, S. H.; Dalton, M. M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cui, Y.; Dodario, T.; El Khayari, N.; Hungerford, E.; Kalantarians, N.; Li, Y.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Day, D.; McKee, P.; Smith, C.; Wesselmann, F.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Dunne, J. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dutta, D.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dutta, D.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Frolov, V. V.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gan, L.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Huber, G. M.; Vidakovic, S.] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Jiang, X.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Joo, K.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Liang, Y.; Opper, A. K.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45071 USA. [McGrath, E.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Ostapenko, T.] Gettysburg Coll, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. RP Bosted, PE (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM bosted@jlab.org RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015; Dalton, Mark/B-5380-2016; OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245; Dalton, Mark/0000-0001-9204-7559; Wesselmann, Frank/0000-0001-7834-7977 NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 665 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.05.047 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 325ZH UT WOS:000257627200004 ER PT J AU Huang, D Liu, YG Wiscombe, W AF Huang, Dong Liu, Yangang Wiscombe, Warren TI Determination of cloud liquid water distribution using 3D cloud tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIMITED ANGLE TOMOGRAPHY; ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; TEMPERATURE; INVERSION; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; VAPOR; MODEL AB The cloud microwave tomography method for remotely retrieving 3D distributions of cloud Liquid Water Content (LWC) was originally proposed by Warner et al. in the 1980s but has lain dormant since then. This paper revisits and extends the cloud tomography method by rigorously examining the nature of the resultant mathematical problem and its close relationship to the physical configuration of microwave radiometers. The singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis reveals that the retrieval of cloud LWC fields from microwave emission is highly ill-posed, and requires special techniques to solve it. The truncated SVD approach along with the L-curve method for choosing the optimal truncating point is used to obtain a better retrieval of cloud LWC. A group of sensitivity studies show that the retrieval accuracy is determined by several factors, including the number of radiometers, the spatial resolution of output, the number of scanning angles, the radiometer characteristics (e. g., noise level, beam width), the physical arrangement of radiometers, and the uncertainty in the ancillary temperature and water vapor mixing ratio data. When more radiometers and/or more scanning angles are used, and/or the radiometer beam width is reduced, and/or when a coarser output resolution is acceptable, the retrieval problem becomes less ill-posed, and a better retrieval can be obtained. Moreover, the observation system simulations demonstrate that the cloud tomography method is able to retrieve the cloud structures generated by cloud resolving models with a good accuracy. For a setup consisting of four microwave radiometers of typical noise level 0.3 K, the tomography method is capable of retrieving the LWC to within 5% of the maximum LWC in the simulated stratocumulus and broken cumulus cases, with a spatial resolution of a few hundred meters. C1 [Huang, Dong; Liu, Yangang; Wiscombe, Warren] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wiscombe, Warren] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dhuang@bnl.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D13 AR D13201 DI 10.1029/2007JD009133 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FS UT WOS:000257431600001 ER PT J AU Iacono, MJ Delamere, JS Mlawer, EJ Shephard, MW Clough, SA Collins, WD AF Iacono, Michael J. Delamere, Jennifer S. Mlawer, Eli J. Shephard, Mark W. Clough, Shepard A. Collins, William D. TI Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; RADIANCE; RRTM; CCM3 AB A primary component of the observed recent climate change is the radiative forcing from increased concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs). Effective simulation of anthropogenic climate change by general circulation models (GCMs) is strongly dependent on the accurate representation of radiative processes associated with water vapor, ozone, and LLGHGs. In the context of the increasing application of the Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), radiation models within the GCM community, their capability to calculate longwave and shortwave radiative forcing for clear sky scenarios previously examined by the radiative transfer model intercomparison project (RTMIP) is presented. Forcing calculations with the AER line-by-line (LBL) models are very consistent with the RTMIP line-by-line results in the longwave and shortwave. The AER broadband models, in all but one case, calculate longwave forcings within a range of -0.20 to 0.23 W m(-2) of LBL calculations and shortwave forcings within a range of -0.16 to 0.38 W m(-2) of LBL results. These models also perform well at the surface, which RTMIP identified as a level at which GCM radiation models have particular difficulty reproducing LBL fluxes. Heating profile perturbations calculated by the broadband models generally reproduce high-resolution calculations within a few hundredths K d(-1) in the troposphere and within 0.15 K d(-1) in the peak stratospheric heating near 1 hPa. In most cases, the AER broadband models provide radiative forcing results that are in closer agreement with high-resolution calculations than the GCM radiation codes examined by RTMIP, which supports the application of the AER models to climate change research. C1 [Iacono, Michael J.; Delamere, Jennifer S.; Mlawer, Eli J.; Shephard, Mark W.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Clough, Shepard A.] Clough Associates, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iacono, MJ (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM miacono@aer.com RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848 NR 15 TC 467 Z9 478 U1 9 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D13 AR D13103 DI 10.1029/2008JD009944 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323FS UT WOS:000257431600004 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA AF Chambers, Scott A. TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth of doped oxide semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; THIN-FILM; TIO2; PHOTOCATALYST; NANOCRYSTALS; TERMINATION; DIELECTRICS; FE3O4(001); TIO2(110); SILICON AB Molecular beam epitaxy coupled with the use of activated oxygen is shown to be a powerful tool for the growth of well-defined, structurally excellent oxide semiconductor films. The basics of the methodology are discussed. Several case studies are presented to illustrate some of the physical phenomena that can be investigated; these include Cr- and Co-doped TiO(2) anatase, Ti-doped alpha-Fe(2)O(3) hematite, and N-doped TiO(2) rutile. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 26 AR 264004 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/26/264004 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310WA UT WOS:000256560200005 PM 21694338 ER PT J AU Christen, HM Eres, G AF Christen, H. M. Eres, G. TI Recent advances in pulsed-laser deposition of complex oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT METHOD; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; BY-LAYER GROWTH; COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS; INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is one of the most promising techniques for the formation of complex-oxide heterostructures, superlattices, and well controlled interfaces. The first part of this paper presents a review of several useful modifications of the process, including methods inspired by combinatorial approaches. We then discuss detailed growth kinetics results, which illustrate that 'true' layer-by-layer (LBL) growth can only be approached, not fully met, even though many characterization techniques reveal interfaces with unexpected sharpness. Time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction measurements show that crystallization and the majority of interlayer mass transport occur on timescales that are comparable to those of the plume/substrate interaction, providing direct experimental evidence that a growth regime exists in which non-thermal processes dominate PLD. This understanding shows how kinetic growth manipulation can bring PLD closer to ideal LBL than any other growth method available today. C1 [Christen, H. M.; Eres, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 137 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 22 U2 127 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 26 AR 264005 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/26/264005 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310WA UT WOS:000256560200006 PM 21694339 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, I Okamoto, S Yunoki, S Moreo, A Dagotto, E AF Gonzalez, I. Okamoto, S. Yunoki, S. Moreo, A. Dagotto, E. TI Charge transfer in heterostructures of strongly correlated materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; MOTT INSULATOR; RECONSTRUCTION; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB In this work, recent theoretical investigations by the authors in the area of oxide multilayers are briefly reviewed. The calculations were carried out using model Hamiltonians and a variety of non-perturbative techniques. Moreover, new results are also included here. They correspond to the generation of a metallic state by mixing insulators in a multilayer geometry, using the Hubbard and double-exchange models. For the latter, the resulting metallic state is also ferromagnetic. This illustrates how electron or hole doping via transfer of charge in multilayers can lead to the study of phase diagrams of transition metal oxides in the clean limit. Currently, these phase diagrams are much affected by the disordering standard chemical doping procedure, which introduces quenched disorder in the material. C1 [Gonzalez, I.; Yunoki, S.; Moreo, A.; Dagotto, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gonzalez, I.; Okamoto, S.; Yunoki, S.; Moreo, A.; Dagotto, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gonzalez, I (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Okamoto, Satoshi/G-5390-2011; Yunoki, Seiji/B-1831-2008 OI Okamoto, Satoshi/0000-0002-0493-7568; NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 26 AR 264002 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/26/264002 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310WA UT WOS:000256560200003 PM 21694336 ER PT J AU Seo, JW Fullerton, EE Nolting, F Scholl, A Fompeyrine, J Locquet, JP AF Seo, J. W. Fullerton, E. E. Nolting, F. Scholl, A. Fompeyrine, J. Locquet, J-P TI Antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 thin films and their effect on exchange bias SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; NI81FE19/COO BILAYERS; SPINS; MODEL AB Antiferromagnetic (AFM) orthoferrites are interesting model systems for exploring the correlation between their crystalline and AFM domains and the resulting exchange bias when coupled to a ferromagnetic layer. In particular, LaFeO3 (LFO) has a Neel temperature, T-N = 740 K, which is the highest in the orthoferrite family. The recent developments of synchrotron radiation-based photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) have provided the possibility of studying AFM domain structures as well as the magnetic coupling between the AFM and the adjacent ferromagnetic (FM) layer, domain by domain. Thin films of LFO have proved excellent candidates for such studies because their AFM domains are well defined and large enough to be readily imaged by PEEM. This paper reviews the growth, structural and magnetic properties of LFO thin films as well as exchange coupling to a FM layer. The strong correlation between structural and AFM domains in this material allows us to investigate the exchange coupling as a function of the domain configuration, which can be changed by using different substrate material and substrate orientation. A significant increase of the exchange bias field by a factor of about 10 was obtained when LFO was diluted with Ni atoms in the volume part. In this sample, the structural domain boundary became corrugated due to substitutional defects. Our results indicate that the details of the precise domain boundary configuration strongly affect the exchange coupling. C1 [Seo, J. W.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Fullerton, E. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fullerton, E. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nolting, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Scholl, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fompeyrine, J.] IBM Res Zurich GmbH, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. [Locquet, J-P] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Solid State Phys & Magnetism Sect, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Seo, JW (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44 Bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM maria.seo@mtm.kuleven.be RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013; Seo, Jin Won/J-3980-2013; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509; Seo, Jin Won/0000-0003-4937-0769; NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 54 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 26 AR 264014 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/26/264014 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310WA UT WOS:000256560200015 PM 21694348 ER PT J AU Smith, MC Gilbert, JA Mawdsley, JR Seifert, S Myers, DJ AF Smith, Matt C. Gilbert, James A. Mawdsley, Jennifer R. Seifert, Soenke Myers, Deborah J. TI In situ small-angle X-ray scattering observation of Pt catalyst particle. growth during potential cycling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELL; DURABILITY; ELECTRODES; PEMFCS; MODEL AB Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we have observed in situ the coarsing of 20 and 40 wt% Pt fuel cell relevant catalysts during potential cycling from 0.4 to 1.4 V. C1 [Smith, Matt C.; Gilbert, James A.; Mawdsley, Jennifer R.; Myers, Deborah J.] Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, MC (reprint author), Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcqsmith@anl.gov NR 18 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 26 BP 8112 EP + DI 10.1021/ja801138t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 319GT UT WOS:000257152800002 PM 18540597 ER PT J AU Kale, RR Mukundan, H Price, DN Harris, JF Lewallen, DM Swanson, BI Schmidt, JG Lyer, SS AF Kale, Ramesh R. Mukundan, Harshini Price, Dominique N. Harris, J. Foster Lewallen, Daniel M. Swanson, Basil I. Schmidt, Jurgen G. Lyer, Suri S. TI Detection of intact influenza viruses using biotinylated biantennary S-sialosides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ; SPECIFICITY; TOOLS AB We report the modular synthesis of robust, biotinaylated biatennary sialylglycoconjugates and their ability to differetiate between two type A influenz strains. This is the first demonstration of glycoconjugate-based discriminator capture and electrion of two strians of intact influenza virus, in the presence of the innate enzymatic activity of viral neuaminidases. We also demonstrate a "carbosassy" using glycoconjugates as capture and reporter elements, which therefore, does not require antibodies. The capture of intact influenz viruses is of potential benetit for clinial diagnostics. C1 [Price, Dominique N.; Harris, J. Foster; Schmidt, Jurgen G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div B7 & B9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kale, Ramesh R.; Lewallen, Daniel M.; Lyer, Suri S.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Chem & Biosensors Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mukundan, Harshini; Swanson, Basil I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmidt, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div B7 & B9, POB 1663,MS E 529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jschmidt@lanl.gov; suri.iyer@uc.edu OI Schmidt, Jurgen/0000-0002-8192-9940 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 26 BP 8169 EP + DI 10.1021/ja800842v PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 319GT UT WOS:000257152800030 PM 18529007 ER PT J AU Ye, PP Gellman, AJ AF Ye, Pingping Gellman, Andrew J. TI Transition state for alkyl group hydrogenation on Pt(111) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BETA-HYDRIDE ELIMINATION; METAL-CATALYZED DEHALOGENATION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CU(111) SURFACE; ETHYL IODIDE; MECHANISMS; RADICALS; CLEAVAGE; PD(111) AB Substituent effects have been used to probe the characteristics of the transition state to hydrogenation of alkyl groups on the Pt(111) surface. Eight different alkyl and fluoroalkyl groups have been formed on the Pt(111) surface by dissociative adsorption of their respective alkyl and fluoroalkyl iodides. Coadsorption of hydrogen and alkyl groups, followed by heating of the surface, results in hydrogenation of the alkyl groups to form alkanes, which then desorb into the gas phase. Temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy was used to measure the barriers to hydrogenation, Delta E-H(double dagger), which are dependent on the size of the alkyl group (polarizability) and the degree of fluorination (field effect). This example is one of only two surface reactions for which the influence of the substituents on Delta E-H(double dagger) has been correlated with both the field and the polarizability substituent constants of the alkyl groups in the form of a linear free energy relationship. Increasing both the field and the polarizability constants of the alkyl groups increases the value of Delta E-H(double dagger). The substituent effects are quantified by a field reaction constant of rho(F) = 27 +/- 4 kJ/mol and a polarizability reaction constant of rho(alpha) = 19 +/- 3 kJ/mol. These suggest that the transition state for hydrogenation is slightly cationic with respect to the alkyl group on the Pt(111) surface, RC + H <-> {RC delta+center dot center dot center dot H}(double dagger). C1 [Ye, Pingping; Gellman, Andrew J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gellman, Andrew J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gellman, Andrew J.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gellman, AJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gellman@cmu.edu RI Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014 OI Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 26 BP 8518 EP 8526 DI 10.1021/ja075292j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 319GT UT WOS:000257152800069 PM 18528986 ER PT J AU Davey, VJ Glass, RJ Min, HJ Beyeler, WE Glass, LM AF Davey, Victoria J. Glass, Robert J. Min, H. Jason Beyeler, Walter E. Glass, Laura M. TI Effective, Robust Design of Community Mitigation for Pandemic Influenza: A Systematic Examination of Proposed US Guidance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: The US government proposes pandemic influenza mitigation guidance that includes isolation and antiviral treatment of ill persons, voluntary household member quarantine and antiviral prophylaxis, social distancing of individuals, school closure, reduction of contacts at work, and prioritized vaccination. Is this the best strategy combination? Is choice of this strategy robust to pandemic uncertainties? What are critical enablers of community resilience? Methods and Findings: We systematically simulate a broad range of pandemic scenarios and mitigation strategies using a networked, agent-based model of a community of explicit, multiply-overlapping social contact networks. We evaluate illness and societal burden for alterations in social networks, illness parameters, or intervention implementation. For a 1918-like pandemic, the best strategy minimizes illness to <1% of the population and combines network-based (e. g. school closure, social distancing of all with adults' contacts at work reduced), and case-based measures (e. g. antiviral treatment of the ill and prophylaxis of household members). We find choice of this best strategy robust to removal of enhanced transmission by the young, additional complexity in contact networks, and altered influenza natural history including extended viral shedding. Administration of age-group or randomly targeted 50% effective pre-pandemic vaccine with 7% population coverage (current US H5N1 vaccine stockpile) had minimal effect on outcomes. In order, mitigation success depends on rapid strategy implementation, high compliance, regional mitigation, and rigorous rescinding criteria; these are the critical enablers for community resilience. Conclusions: Systematic evaluation of feasible, recommended pandemic influenza interventions generally confirms the US community mitigation guidance yields best strategy choices for pandemic planning that are robust to a wide range of uncertainty. The best strategy combines network-and case-based interventions; network-based interventions are paramount. Because strategies must be applied rapidly, regionally, and stringently for greatest benefit, preparation and public education is required for long-lasting, high community compliance during a pandemic. C1 [Davey, Victoria J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Davey, Victoria J.] Dept Vet Affairs, Vet Hlth Adm, Office Publ Hlth & Env Hazards, Washington, DC USA. [Glass, Robert J.; Min, H. Jason; Beyeler, Walter E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Infrastructure Simulat & Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Glass, Laura M.] Albuquerque Publ Sch Syst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Davey, VJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM victoria.davey@va.gov FU National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC); Department of Homeland Security's Infrastructure Protection/Risk Management Division; partnership of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC), a program of the Department of Homeland Security's Infrastructure Protection/Risk Management Division and comprised of a core partnership of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, desision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2606 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002606 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 406IM UT WOS:000263288200059 PM 18596963 ER PT J AU Bartlett, RA Waanders, BGV Berggren, M AF Bartlett, Roscoe A. Waanders, Bart G. Van Bloemen Berggren, Martin TI Hybrid differentiation strategies for simulation and analysis of applications in C++ SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; hybrid differentiation methods; Euler equations; automatic differentiation; finite volume methods; template overloading ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AB Computationally efficient and accurate derivatives are important to the success of many different types of numerical methods. Automatic differentation (AD) approaches compute truncation-free derivatives and can be efficient in many cases. Although present AD tools can provide a convenient implementation mechanism, the computational efficiency rarely compares to analytically derived versions that have been carefully implemented. The focus of this work is to combine the strength of these methods into a hybrid strategy that attempts to achieve an optimal balance of implementation and computational efficiency by selecting the appropriate components of the target algorithms for AD and analytical derivation. Although several AD approaches can be considered, our focus is on the use of template overloading forward AD tools in C++ applications. We demonstrate this hybrid strategy for a system of partial differential equations in gas dynamics. These methods apply however to other systems of differentiable equations, including DAEs and ODEs. C1 [Bartlett, Roscoe A.; Waanders, Bart G. Van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Berggren, Martin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Bartlett, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Berggren, Martin/B-8420-2012 OI Berggren, Martin/0000-0003-0473-3263 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1145/1377603.1377604 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 351OD UT WOS:000259432800001 ER PT J AU Marques, OA Vomel, C Demmel, JW Parlett, BN AF Marques, Osni A. Voemel, Christof Demmel, James W. Parlett, Beresford N. TI Algorithm 880: A testing infrastructure for symmetric tridiagonal eigensolvers SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; design; eigenvalues; eigenvectors; symmetric matrix; LAPACK; accuracy; performance; test matrices; numerical software; design; implementation; testing ID RANK-ONE MODIFICATION; INVERSE ITERATION; ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS; MRRR ALGORITHM; TEST MATRICES; EIGENPROBLEM; REPRESENTATIONS; DIVIDE; MATLAB AB LAPACK is often mentioned as a positive example of a software library that encapsulates complex, robust, and widely used numerical algorithms for a wide range of applications. At installation time, the user has the option of running a ( limited) number of test cases to verify the integrity of the installation process. On the algorithm developer's side, however, more exhaustive tests are usually performed to study algorithm behavior on a variety of problem settings and also computer architectures. In this process, difficult test cases need to be found that reflect particular challenges of an application or push algorithms to extreme behavior. These tests are then assembled into a comprehensive collection, therefore making it possible for any new or competing algorithm to be stressed in a similar way. This article describes an infrastructure for exhaustively testing the symmetric tridiagonal eigensolvers implemented in LAPACK. It consists of two parts: a selection of carefully chosen test matrices with particular idiosyncrasies and a portable testing framework that allows for easy testing and data processing. The tester facilitates experiments with algorithmic choices, parameter and threshold studies, and performance comparisons on different architectures. C1 [Marques, Osni A.; Voemel, Christof] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Demmel, James W.; Parlett, Beresford N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Demmel, James W.; Parlett, Beresford N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marques, OA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM OAMarques@lbl.gov; CVoemel@lbl.gov; demmel@cs.berkeley.edu; parlett@math.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [ACI-9619020]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Cooperative Agreement no. ACI-9619020), and by the Director, Office of Computational and Technology Research, Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 8 DI 10.1145/1377603.1377611 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 351OD UT WOS:000259432800008 ER PT J AU Javey, A AF Javey, Ali TI The 2008 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience: Carbon nanotubes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLAR-CELLS; SINGLE; GROWTH; DEVICES; ARRAYS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSPARENT AB The 2008 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience was awarded to Dr. Sumio lijima for his contributions in the field of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale wires with well-defined and atomically smooth surfaces that exhibit remarkable properties. Great progress has been made in the field of 1-D nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires, in terms of synthesis, characterization, and technological applications, some of which are summarized in this article. C1 [Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013 NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/nn8003982 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 329IS UT WOS:000257861900006 PM 19206299 ER PT J AU Potapenko, DV Hrbek, J Osgood, RM AF Potapenko, Denis V. Hrbek, Jan Osgood, Richard M. TI Scanning tunneling microscopy study of titanium oxide nanocrystals prepared on Au(111) by reactive-layer-assisted deposition SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; TiO2; titania; reactive-layer-assisted growth; Au(111) ID TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; WATER; SURFACE; ICE; PT(111); GROWTH; SCALE; GOLD; STM AB We report on an scanning tunneling microscopy study of the nanocrystallite phases of TiO2 formed via reactive-layer-assisted deposition in ultrahigh vacuum. The synthesis used reaction of a thin layer of water, on a Au(111) substrate at 130 K, with low-coverage vapor-deposited Ti. The effects of annealing temperature and reactant coverage were investigated. Large-scale (> 20 nm) patterns in the surface distribution of nanoparticles were observed with the characteristic length-scale of the pattern correlating with the thickness of the initial layer of H2O. The phenomenon is explained as being due to the formation of droplets of liquid water at temperatures between 130 and 300 K. After the surface was annealed to 400 K, the individual titania nanoparticles formed by this process had diameters of 0.5-1 nm. When the surface was annealed to higher temperatures, nanoparticles coalesced and for annealing temperatures of 900 K compact nanocrystals formed with typical dimensions of 5-20 nm. Three distinct classes of nanocrystallites were observed and their atomic structure and composition investigated and discussed. C1 [Potapenko, Denis V.; Osgood, Richard M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hrbek, Jan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM osgood@columbia.edu RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.1021/nn800169y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 329IS UT WOS:000257861900009 PM 19206302 ER PT J AU Kilina, S Batista, ER Yang, P Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Smith, DL AF Kilina, Svetlana Batista, Enrique R. Yang, Ping Tretiak, Sergei Saxena, Avadh Martin, Richard L. Smith, Darryl L. TI Electronic structure of self-assembled amorphous polyfluorenes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE conjugated polymers; disordered systems; electronic structure; charge localization; organic semiconductors ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; EMISSION; HYDROCARBONS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; PHASE AB We investigate the role of conformational disorder and intermolecular interactions on the electronic structure of amorphous clusters of polyfluorenes. Classical molecular dynamics simulations are used to determine probable molecular geometries and chain packing, and first-principles density functional theory calculations are employed to determine electronic structure and orbital localization properties. Intramolecular and intermolecular effects are disentangled by contrasting results for densely packed oligomer clusters and for ensembles of isolated oligomers with the same intramolecular geometries. Our simulations show that intermolecular disorder allows for nearly planar configurations of interacting fluorenes compared to the isolated molecules. This rationalizes the experimentally detected formation of the planar crystalline morphologies that frequently accompany twisted glassy configurations in fluorene films. The energy gap (HOMO-LUMO gap) significantly decreases for planar configurations. The electron and hole orbital energies are strongly dependent on both torsional angles and intermolecular interactions. This leads to strong localization of electronic states in amorphous polymer aggregates, which is analyzed by examining the respective orbital participation ratios. Notably, the energies of unoccupied levels show stronger dependence on the conformational disorder, compared to that of occupied levels. This results in the more probable formation of trap states near the edge of the conduction band than near the valence band. C1 [Smith, Darryl L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dsmith@lanl.gov RI Yang, Ping/E-5355-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Yang, Ping/0000-0003-4726-2860 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1381 EP 1388 DI 10.1021/nn800204m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 329IS UT WOS:000257861900012 PM 19206305 ER PT J AU Cabot, A Smith, RK Yin, YD Zheng, HM Reinhard, BM Liu, HT Alivisatos, AP AF Cabot, Andreu Smith, Rachel K. Yin, Yadong Zheng, Haimei Reinhard, Bjoen M. Liu, Haitao Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Sulfidation of cadmium at the nanoscale SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE hollow nanoparticle; Kirkendall effect; self-diffusion; diffusion mechanism; US; sulfidation ID SELF-DIFFUSION; KIRKENDALL; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; OXIDATION; CDS AB We investigate the evolution of structures that result when spherical Cd nanoparticles of a few hundred nanometers in diameter react with dissolved molecular sulfur species in solution to form hollow CdS. Over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, we find that rapid Cd diffusion through the growing CdS shell localizes the reaction front at the outermost CdS/S interface, leading to hollow particles when all the Cd Is consumed. When we examine partially reacted particles, we find that this system differs significantly from others in which the nanoscale Kirkendall effect has been used to create hollow particles. In previously reported systems, partial reaction creates a hollow particle with a spherically symmetric metal core connected to the outer shell by filaments. In contrast, here we obtain a lower symmetry structure, in which the unreacted metal core and the coalesced vacancies separate into two distinct spherical caps, minimizing the metal/void interface. This pattern of void coalescence is likely to occur in situations where the metal/vacancy self-diffusivities in the core are greater than the diffusivity of the cations through the shell. C1 [Cabot, Andreu; Smith, Rachel K.; Zheng, Haimei; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yin, Yadong] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Reinhard, Bjoen M.] Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Liu, Haitao; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; andreu, cabot/B-5683-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; cabot, andreu /0000-0002-7533-3251 NR 25 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1452 EP 1458 DI 10.1021/nn800270m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 329IS UT WOS:000257861900021 PM 19206314 ER PT J AU Young, PG Smith, CA Metcalf, P Baker, EN AF Young, Paul G. Smith, Clyde A. Metcalf, Peter Baker, Edward N. TI Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis folylpolyglutamate synthase complexed with ADP and AMPPCP SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE; FOLATE METABOLISM; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BINDING-SITE; P-LOOP; MUTAGENESIS; ACTIVATION; SPECIFICITY AB Folate derivatives are essential vitamins for cell growth and replication, primarily because of their central role in reactions of one-carbon metabolism. Folates require polyglutamation to be efficiently retained within the cell and folate-dependent enzymes have a higher affinity for the polyglutamylated forms of this cofactor. Polyglutamylation is dependent on the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), which catalyzes the sequential addition of several glutamates to folate. FPGS is essential for the growth and survival of important bacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is a potential drug target. Here, the crystal structures of M. tuberculosis FPGS in complex with ADP and AMPPCP are reported at 2.0 and 2.3 angstrom resolution, respectively. The structures reveal a deeply buried nucleotide-binding site, as in the Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei FPGS structures, and a long extended groove for the binding of folate substrates. Differences from the E. coli and L. casei FPGS structures are seen in the binding of a key divalent cation, the carbamylation state of an essential lysine side chain and the adoption of an 'open' position by the active-site beta 5-alpha 6 loop. These changes point to coordinated events that are associated with dihydropteroate/folate binding and the catalysis of the new amide bond with an incoming glutamate residue. C1 [Young, Paul G.; Metcalf, Peter; Baker, Edward N.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Smith, Clyde A.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM p.young@auckland.ac.nz NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1107/S0907444908012262 PN 7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 315CS UT WOS:000256856100005 PM 18566510 ER PT J AU Mishra, A Martin, M Thadhani, NN Kad, BK Kenik, EA Meyers, MA AF Mishra, A. Martin, M. Thadhani, N. N. Kad, B. K. Kenik, E. A. Meyers, M. A. TI High-strain-rate response of ultra-fine-grained copper SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE severe plastic deformation (SPD); equal channel angular pressing (ECAP); recrystallization; finite element analysis ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ADIABATIC SHEAR BANDS; DYNAMIC DEFORMATION; RATE SENSITIVITY; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ACTIVATION VOLUME; STAINLESS-STEEL; PURE COPPER AB The high-strain-rate response of ultra-fine-grained (UFG) copper processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was characterized by three different dynamic testing methods: reverse Taylor impact, cylindrical compression specimens, and hat-shaped specimens in Hopkinson bar experiments. Upon recovery after impact, the specimens were found to undergo dynamic recrystallization at a calculated temperature of 360 K, indicating that the UFG copper is thermally unstable. Reverse Taylor tests were conducted on as-received oxygen-free high-conductivity copper rod and ECAP specimens with 2 and 8 sequential deformation passes. The dynamic deformation of the samples was modeled using AUTODYN-2D, and a modified Johnson-Cook constitutive equation was found to closely capture the dynamic response. Both the dynamic experiments and analysis from the reverse Taylor tests indicate enhanced strain-rate sensitivity in comparison with conventional polycrystalline copper, in agreement with predictions of reduced activation volume. The shear band thickness, as obtained in forced localization tests, showed a marked decrease, in comparison to conventional polycrystalline copper; this effect is interpreted as due to an accelerated thermal softening and inherent instability exhibited by the UFG structure. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, A.; Meyers, M. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mishra, A.; Meyers, M. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Nanoengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kad, B. K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Martin, M.; Thadhani, N. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kenik, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mameyers@ucsd.edu RI Trexler, Morgana/E-9003-2013; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 54 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 10 U2 80 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2770 EP 2783 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.023 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325PN UT WOS:000257600900011 ER PT J AU Teng, J Liu, S Trivedi, R AF Teng, Jing Liu, Shan Trivedi, R. TI Growth and morphology of rod eutectics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE eutectic solidification; microstructure; crystallization; directional solidification; modeling ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; ALLOYS AB The formation of rod eutectic microstructure is investigated systematically in a succinonitrile-camphor alloy of eutectic composition by using the directional solidification technique. A new rod eutectic configuration is observed in which the rods form with elliptical cylindrical shape. Two different orientations of the ellipse are observed that differ by a 90 degrees rotation such that the major and the minor axes are interchanged. Critical experiments in thin samples, where a single layer of rods forms, show that the spacing and orientation of the elliptic rods are governed by the growth rate and the sample thickness. In thicker samples, multi layers of rods form with circular cross-section and the scaling law between the spacing and velocity predicted by the Jackson and Hunt model is validated. A theoretical model is developed for a two-dimensional array of elliptical rods that are arranged in a hexagonal or a square array, and the results are shown to be consistent with the experimental observations. The model of elliptic rods is also shown to reduce to that for the circular rod eutectic when the lengths of the two axes are equal, and to the lamellar eutectic model when one of the axes is much larger than the other one. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Teng, Jing; Liu, Shan; Trivedi, R.] Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trivedi@ameslab.gov RI Teng, Jing/D-2970-2009 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2819 EP 2833 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.011 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325PN UT WOS:000257600900016 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Pantelides, S. T. TI Vacancies, interstitials and their complexes in titanium carbide SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE thermally activated processes; thin film coatings; bulk diffusion; density functional theory; superhard materials ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CARBON; FILMS; COMPOSITES; STABILITY; DIFFUSION; CRYSTALS; COATINGS AB Titanium carbide is a prototype transition-metal compound and is used in various applications due to its exceptional hardness and stability. Here we use first-principles calculations to elucidate the properties and interactions of TiC point defects and their role on the thermal stability of TiC films. We find that the stability of defects and defect complexes depends strongly on structural details. We also show via calculations of diffusion barriers that, while carbon interstitials are relatively mobile species, the migration of carbon vacancies is suppressed unless the sample is heated to extremely high temperatures. We close with a discussion on defect-related effects and a comparison with similar physical traits in transition-metal nitrides. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsetseris, L.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tsetseris, L.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. EM leonidas.tsetseris@vanderbilt.edu NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2864 EP 2871 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325PN UT WOS:000257600900020 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Ren, X Otsuka, K Saxena, A AF Wang, Y. Ren, X. Otsuka, K. Saxena, A. TI Temperature-stress phase diagram of strain glass Ti48.5Ni51.5 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ti-Ni; polycrystals; dynamic mechanical analysis; martensites; point defects ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; RANDOM-FIELD; BEHAVIOR AB The temperature and stress dependence of the properties of a recently discovered strain glass Ti48.5Ni51.5, which is a glass of frozen local lattice strains, was investigated systematically. It was found that the ideal freezing temperature (TO) of the strain glass decreases with increasing stress. When the stress exceeds a critical value a,(T), the pseudo-B2 strain glass transforms into B19' martensite. However, the stress-strain behavior associated with such a stress-induced transition showed a crossover at a crossover temperature T-CR, which is similar to 20 K below To. Above TCR, the sample showed superelastic behavior; however, below TCR, the sample demonstrated plastic behavior. More interestingly, the sigma(c) vs. temperature relation for unfrozen strain glass obeys the Clausius-Clapyeron relationship, whereas that for frozen strain glass disobeys this universal thermodynamic law. A phenomenological explanation is provided for all the phenomena observed, and it is shown that all the anomalous effects come from the broken ergodicity of the glass system and a temperature-dependent relative stability of the martensitic phase. Based on experimental observations, a temperature-stress phase diagram is constructed for this strain glass, which may serve as a guide map for understanding and predicting the properties of strain glass. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Y.; Ren, X.; Otsuka, K.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Wang, Y.; Ren, X.; Otsuka, K.] Xian Jiaotong Univ, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y.; Ren, X.; Otsuka, K.] Xian Jiaotong Univ, Dept Phys, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Saxena, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ren, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM Ren.Xiaobing@nims.go.jp RI Wang, Yu/C-1600-2010; Ren, Xiaobing/B-6072-2009 OI Ren, Xiaobing/0000-0002-4973-2486 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2885 EP 2896 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.032 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325PN UT WOS:000257600900022 ER PT J AU Rong, H Yang, JS Mao, HK Shu, JF Hu, JZ Bai, WJ Fang, QS AF Rong He Yang JingSui Mao HoKwang Shu JingFu Hu JingZhu Bai WenJi Fang QingSong TI EDXD-NSLS and the testing on new mineral: Luobusaite SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Luobusaite; EDXD; BNL-NSLS-X17Cheamline AB EDXD on Synchrontron Radiation with high energy and pretty fine beam has been helpful for X-ray crystal structure analysis of the minerals, especially for the fine grain or inclusion in it. The principle, formation, characteristics and applications of X17-NSLA-BNL are introduced by testing the new mineral-Luobusaite. C1 [Rong He; Yang JingSui; Bai WenJi; Fang QingSong] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, MLR, Key Lab Continental Dynam, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Mao HoKwang; Shu JingFu] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hu JingZhu] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rong, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, MLR, Key Lab Continental Dynam, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. EM Ronghe@ccsd.cn RI Mao, Hokwang/K-8013-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1605 EP 1612 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA 364CH UT WOS:000260313300016 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Lee, JS Mankani, MH Marshall, SJ Marshall, GW Wegst, UGK AF Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. Lee, Janice S. Mankani, Mahesh H. Marshall, Sally J. Marshall, Grayson W. Wegst, Ulrike G. K. TI Novel nanooomposites for bone regeneration SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 [Saiz, Eduardo; Tomsia, Antoni P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Janice S.; Mankani, Mahesh H.; Marshall, Sally J.; Marshall, Grayson W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Wegst, Ulrike G. K.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aptomsia@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 166 IS 7 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 327MN UT WOS:000257733300055 ER PT J AU Rucker, HO Panchenko, M Hansen, KC Taubenschuss, U Boudjada, MY Kurth, WS Dougherty, MK Steinberg, JT Zarka, P Galopeau, PHM McComas, DJ Barrow, CH AF Rucker, H. O. Panchenko, M. Hansen, K. C. Taubenschuss, U. Boudjada, M. Y. Kurth, W. S. Dougherty, M. K. Steinberg, J. T. Zarka, P. Galopeau, P. H. M. McComas, D. J. Barrow, C. H. TI Saturn kilometric radiation as a monitor for the solar wind? SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cassini RPWS; Ulysses SWOOPS; SKR; solar wind; MHD model ID 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; RADIO-EMISSION; INSTABILITY; ALGORITHMS; ZEUS-2D; AURORAE; TESTS; EARTH AB Since the Voyager mission it is known that Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR) is strongly influenced by external forces, i.e., the solar wind and in particular the solar wind ram pressure. Recent studies using Cassini data essentially confirmed these findings for particular periods during the first Cassini orbit of Saturn. The data coverage of SKR by the Cassini/RPWS experiment for the period of six months prior to Saturn Orbit Insertion (July 1, 2004) is rather continuous, whereas there are gaps in the solar wind plasma data. The strong correlation of SKR with the solar wind may provide an indication on the variations of the solar wind plasma, specifically during the gap periods. These periods lacking solar wind data are substituted by Ulysses solar wind data which have been propagated over similar to 4 AU, applying magnetohydrodynamic propagation models. Cross correlation studies showed that Ulysses solar wind data can be taken as a substitute for missing Cassini data. The use of SKR as monitor for solar wind variations is discussed. With the present set of observations the SKR proxy lacks significant reliability. (C) 2008 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rucker, H. O.; Panchenko, M.; Taubenschuss, U.; Boudjada, M. Y.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Hansen, K. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kurth, W. S.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Dougherty, M. K.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Steinberg, J. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zarka, P.] Observ Paris, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Galopeau, P. H. M.] CETP, F-78000 Velizy Villacoublay, France. [McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Barrow, C. H.] Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Rucker, HO (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM rucker@oeaw.ac.at RI Hansen, Kenneth/F-3693-2011; Taubenschuss, Ulrich/E-3739-2015; OI Hansen, Kenneth/0000-0002-8502-1980; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.02.008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320OC UT WOS:000257243400007 ER PT J AU Strakey, PA Woodruff, SD Williams, TC Schefer, RW AF Strakey, P. A. Woodruff, S. D. Williams, T. C. Schefer, R. W. TI OH-planar fluorescence measurements of pressurized, hydrogen premixed flames in the SimVal combustor SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the hydroxyl radical in lean, premixed natural gas flames augmented with hydrogen are presented. The experiments were conducted in the Simulation Validation combustor at the National Energy Technology Laboratory at operating pressures from 1 to 8 atmospheres. The data, which were collected in a combustor with well-controlled boundary conditions, are intended to be used for validating computational fluid dynamics models under conditions directly relevant to land-based gas turbine engines. The images, which show significant effects of hydrogen on local flame quenching, are discussed in terms of a turbulent premixed combustion regime and nondimensional parameters such as Karlovitz number. Pressure was found to thin the OH region, but only had a secondary effect on overall flame shape compared with the effects of hydrogen addition, which was found to decrease local quenching and shorten the turbulent flame brush. A method to process the individual images based on local gradients of fluorescence intensity is proposed, and results are presented. Finally, the results of several large eddy simulations are presented and compared with the experimental data in an effort to understand the issues related to model validation, especially for simulations that do not include OH as an intermediate species. C1 [Strakey, P. A.; Woodruff, S. D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Energy Syst Dynam Div, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Williams, T. C.; Schefer, R. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Strakey, PA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Energy Syst Dynam Div, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM pstrakey@netl.doe.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1604 EP 1613 DI 10.2514/1.32640 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 321VO UT WOS:000257334800004 ER PT J AU Herzenberg, CL AF Herzenberg, Caroline L. TI Speaking of lessons from the history of science, does the name "Hermann" ring a Bell? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Herzenberg, Caroline L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM carol@herzenberg.net NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 76 IS 7 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1119/1.2908192 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 311ZP UT WOS:000256639200002 ER PT J AU Liner, AE Smith, LL Golladay, SW Castleberry, SB Gibbons, JW AF Liner, Anna E. Smith, Lora L. Golladay, Stephen W. Castleberry, Steven B. Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI Amphibian distributions within three types of isolated wetlands in southwest Georgia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; LARVAL ANURANS; UNITED-STATES; PREDATORS; METAMORPHOSIS; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; COMPETITORS AB Conservation of isolated wetlands is critical for maintaining regional biodiversity within the southeastern U.S. However, relatively little is known about the ecological communities of these wetland systems, particularly within the karst wetlands of the southeastern Coastal Plain. In southwestern Georgia seasonal isolated wetlands include marshes, cypress savannas and cypress/gum swamps, which have fundamental differences in vegetation and soils, hydrology, water chemistry and invertebrate abundance and diversity. We examined the relationship between wetland type and the distribution of amphibians in 28 relatively undisturbed, seasonally flooded isolated wetlands in southwestern Georgia, USA. We sampled wetlands for amphibians in the winter, spring and summer using aquatic traps, dipnetting, PVC pipe refugia and automated frog call recording devices (frogloggers). Mean amphibian species richness among study wetlands was 12.7 +/- 0.5 species (range 7-18). Both species richness and composition varied among wetland types, with different wetland types supporting different amphibian assemblages. Our results highlight the importance of wetland diversity in promoting regional amphibian diversity. C1 [Liner, Anna E.; Smith, Lora L.; Golladay, Stephen W.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Castleberry, Steven B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Smith, LL (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM lora.smith@jonesctr.org NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[69:ADWTTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324XT UT WOS:000257553400007 ER PT J AU Gleason, AE Parry, SA Pawley, AR Jeanloz, R Clark, SM AF Gleason, A. E. Parry, S. A. Pawley, A. R. Jeanloz, R. Clark, S. M. TI Pressure-temperature studies of talc plus water using X-ray diffraction SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE talc; X-ray diffraction; high pressure; subduction ID 10 ANGSTROM PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SYSTEM MGO-SIO2-H2O; POWDER DIFFRACTION; STATE MEASUREMENTS; 10-ANGSTROM PHASE; SUBDUCTION ZONES; EARTHS MANTLE; EQUATION; STABILITY AB X-ray diffraction measurements of natural talc plus water at combined pressures and temperatures of 0-15 GPa and 23-400 degrees C reveal the presence of a structural change that could be interpreted as a new high-pressure phase at 4.0 (+/- 0.5) GPa, and raise the possibility that the newly inferred phase transition takes place in cold subducting stabs as a precursor to appearance of the 10 angstrom phase of talc. C1 [Gleason, A. E.; Jeanloz, R.; Clark, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parry, S. A.; Pawley, A. R.; Clark, S. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Clark, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gleason, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McCone Hall 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aegleason@ibl.gov RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013; OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438; Parry, Stephen/0000-0001-5205-4543 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1043 EP 1050 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2742 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 323DB UT WOS:000257423100010 ER PT J AU Coker, VS Pearce, CI Pattrick, RAD Van der Laan, G Telling, ND Charnock, JM Arenholz, E Lloyd, JR AF Coker, Victoria S. Pearce, Carolyn I. Pattrick, Richard A. D. Van der Laan, Gerrit Telling, Neil D. Charnock, John M. Arenholz, Elke Lloyd, Jonathan R. TI Probing the site occupancies of Co-, Ni-, and Mn-substituted biogenic magnetite using XAS and XMCD SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE magnetite; Fe(3+)-reducing bacteria; substituted spinels; Geobacter sulfurreducens; Shewanella oneidensis; nanotechnology ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; CATION DISTRIBUTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; METAL-IONS; REDUCTION; IRON; SPINEL AB Ferrimagnetic nanoparticles have many uses in industry including in magnetic recording media and transformers, however these particles are often expensive to synthesize. In this study, the Fe(3+)-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis were used to synthesize spinel ferrite nanoparticles of the general chemical formula M(x)Fe(3-x)O(4), where M is either Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, or a combination of Mn and Zn. This was done at ambient temperatures through the dissimilatory reduction of Fe(3+)-oxybydroxides containing the appropriate substitutional cations. A combination of L-edge and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and L-edge X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) was used to determine the site occupancies, valence, and local structure of the Fe and substitutional cations within the spinels. The Ni and Co ferrites produced using each bacterium were very similar and therefore this study concludes that, despite the difference in reduction mechanism of the bacteria used, the end-product is remarkably unaltered. Nickel ferrites contained only Ni(2+), with at least 80% in O(h) coordination. Cobalt ferrites contained only Co(2+) but with a significant proportion (up to 45%) in T(d) coordination, showing a slight preference for T(d) sites. The Mn-ferrites contained Mn(2+) only on the O(h) sites but a mixture of Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) on T(d) sites when the amount of Mn exceeded 3% (compared to the amount of Fe) or some Zn was also present. This study successfully produced a range of nanoparticulate ferrites that could be produced industrially using relatively environmentally benign methodologies. C1 [Coker, Victoria S.; Pearce, Carolyn I.; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Van der Laan, Gerrit; Charnock, John M.; Lloyd, Jonathan R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Coker, Victoria S.; Pearce, Carolyn I.; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Van der Laan, Gerrit; Charnock, John M.; Lloyd, Jonathan R.] Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Van der Laan, Gerrit; Telling, Neil D.] SERC, Daresbury Lab, Magnet Spect Grp, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Van der Laan, Gerrit] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Arenholz, Elke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coker, VS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM vicky.coker@manchester.ac.uk RI Coker, Victoria/B-4181-2012; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 60 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1119 EP 1132 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2681 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 323DB UT WOS:000257423100019 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Cole, DR Fayek, M AF Anovitz, Lawrence M. Cole, David R. Fayek, Mostaita TI Mechanisms of rhyolitic glass hydration below the glass transition SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review DE obsidian; diffusion; water; hydration; glass transition; relaxation; FTIR; SIMS ID MOBILE HYDROGEN DEFECTS; STRESS-OPTICAL COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENT WATER DIFFUSION; WASSERSTOFF UND DEUTERIUM; ALKALI SILICATE-GLASSES; CASE-II DIFFUSION; ION MICRO-PROBE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; OBSIDIAN HYDRATION AB Although a great deal is known about the interaction between water and rhyolitic glasses and melts at temperatures above the glass transition, the nature of this interaction at lower temperatures is much more obscure. Comparisons between high- and low-temperature diffusion studies suggest that several factors play important roles under lower-temperature conditions that are not significant at higher temperatures. Water concentrations in rhyolitic glasses hydrated at low temperatures are significantly greater than in those hydrated at high temperatures and low pressures. Surface concentrations, which equilibrate quickly with the surrounding environment at high temperature, change far more slowly as temperature decreases, and may not equilibrate at room temperature for hundreds or thousands of years. Temperature extrapolations of high- and low-temperature diffusion data are not consistent, suggesting that a change in mechanism occurs. These differences may be due to the inability of "self-stress," caused by the in-diffusing species, to relax at lower temperature. Preliminary calculations suggest that the level of stress caused by glass-water interaction may be greater than the tensile strength of the glass. On a microstuctural scale, extrapolations of high-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data to lower temperatures suggests that there should be little or no hydroxyl present in glasses hydrated at low temperature. Comparisons of low-temperature hydration results among SiO2, obsidian, and albite compositions show distinct differences, and features are present in the spectra that do not occur at high temperature. Analysis of H2O and D2O diffusion also suggest that mechanistic differences occur between low- and high-temperature diffusive processes. C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fayek, Mostaita] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Anovitz, LM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM iz9@ornl.gov RI Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 143 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 21 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1178 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2516 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 323DB UT WOS:000257423100025 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Turk, GC Dickerson, RM Hoover, MD AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Turk, Gregory C. Dickerson, Robert M. Hoover, Mark D. TI Size-selective poorly soluble particulate reference materials for evaluation of quantitative analytical methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 11) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE reference materials; particulate; digestion; beryllium; method validation ID CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Owing to the absence of readily available certified particulate reference materials (RMs), most analytical methods used to determine particulate contaminant levels in workplace or other environments are validated using solution RMs, which do not assess the robustness of the digestion step for all forms and sizes of particles in a sample. A library of particulate RMs having a range of chemical forms and particle sizes is needed to support a shift in method evaluation strategies to include both solution and particulate RMs. In support of creating this library, we characterized bulk and physically size separated fractions of beryllium oxide (BeO) particles recovered from the machining fluid sludge of an industrial ceramic products grinding operation. Particles were large agglomerates of compact, crystalline BeO primary particles having diameters on the order of several micrometers. As expected, the particle surface area was independent of sieve size, with a range from 3.61 m(2)/g (53-63-mu m fraction) to 4.82 m(2)/g (355-600-mu m fraction). The density was near the theoretical value (3.01 g/cm(3)). The data support more detailed characterization of the sludge materials for use as size-selective RMs. This work illustrates an approach that can be used to develop RMs that are difficult to digest. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Hoover, Mark D.] NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Turk, Gregory C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dickerson, Robert M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdate Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2071 EP 2077 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-1870-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200011 PM 18224470 ER PT J AU Sun, W Fang, N Trewyn, BG Tsunoda, M Slowing, II Lin, VSY Yeung, ES AF Sun, Wei Fang, Ning Trewyn, Brian G. Tsunoda, Makoto Slowing, Igor I. Lin, Victor S. Y. Yeung, Edward S. TI Endocytosis of a single mesoporous silica nanoparticle into a human lung cancer cell observed by differential interference contrast microscopy SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocytosis; mesoporous silica nanoparticle; differential interference; brownian motion ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; DELIVERY-SYSTEM; GUEST MOLECULES; CYTOPLASM; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY AB The unique structural features of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have made them very useful in biological applications, such as gene therapy and drug delivery. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy have been used for observing the endocytosis of MSN. However, flow cytometry cannot directly observe the process of endocytosis. Confocal microscopy requires fluorescence labeling of the cells. Electron microscopy can only utilize fixed cells. In the present work, we demonstrate for the first time that differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy can be used to observe the entire endocytosis process of MSN into living human lung cancer cells (A549) without fluorescence staining. There are three physical observables that characterize the locations of MSN and the stages of the endocytosis process: motion, shape, and vertical position. When it was outside the cell, the MSN underwent significant Brownian motion in the cell growth medium. When it was trapped on the cell membrane, the motion of the MSN was greatly limited. After the MSN had entered the cell, it resumed motion at a much slower speed because the cytoplasm is more viscous than the cell growth medium and the cellular cytoskeleton networks act as obstacles. Moreover, there were shape changes around the MSN due to the formation of a vesicle after the MSN had been trapped on the cell membrane and prior to entry into the cell. Finally, by coupling a motorized vertical stage to the DIC microscope, we recorded the location of the MSN in three dimensions. Such accurate 3D particle tracking ability in living cells is essential for studies of selectively targeted drug delivery based on endocytosis. C1 [Sun, Wei; Fang, Ning; Trewyn, Brian G.; Tsunoda, Makoto; Slowing, Igor I.; Lin, Victor S. Y.; Yeung, Edward S.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sun, Wei; Fang, Ning; Trewyn, Brian G.; Tsunoda, Makoto; Slowing, Igor I.; Lin, Victor S. Y.; Yeung, Edward S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov RI Fang, Ning/A-8456-2011; OI Slowing, Igor/0000-0002-9319-8639 NR 26 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 44 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2119 EP 2125 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2162-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200016 PM 18488205 ER PT J AU Baker, GA Desikan, R Thundat, T AF Baker, Gary A. Desikan, Ramya Thundat, Thomas TI Label-free sugar detection using phenylboronic acid-functionalized piezoresistive microcantilevers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MODULAR FLUORESCENT SENSORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BORONIC-ACID; HOLOGRAPHIC SENSORS; CANTILEVER ARRAY; PHYSIOLOGICAL PH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ARTIFICIAL NOSE; GLUCOSE; CHEMOSENSORS AB By appropriate surface functionalization using a thiolated phenylboronic acid derivative, gold-coated piezoresistive microcantilevers responsive to analytes having vicinal cisdiols were fashioned. A reference, uncoated cantilever permitted reliable subtraction of background signal (i.e., differential measurement). Experiments carried out in static mode under flow conditions, using the monosaccharide D-(-)-fructose as a test analyte in aqueous buffer, showed that the measured stationary-state surface stress was linear in analyte concentration over the 0-25 mM range, allowing this sugar to be readily detected at physiologically meaningful concentrations and at neutral pH. This approach offers a simple, reagentless, and flexible format for polyol screening that does not require aqueous alkaline solutions, suggesting potential applications in biomass process monitoring and glucose assay. C1 [Desikan, Ramya; Thundat, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thundat, Thomas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM thundattg@oml.gov RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 70 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 13 BP 4860 EP 4865 DI 10.1021/ac702588b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 320YH UT WOS:000257270600017 PM 18522434 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Complete temperature profiles in ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography columns SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PEAK-CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE; HETEROGENEITY; ACETONITRILE; DISSIPATION; DISPERSION; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY; GRADIENTS; MIXTURES AB The temperature profiles were calculated along and across seven packed columns (lengths 30, 50, 100, and 150 mm, i.d., 1 and 2.1 mm, all packed with Acquity UPLC, BEH-C-18 particles, average d(p) approximate to 1.7 mu m) and their stainless steel tubes (o.d. 4.53 and 6.35 mm). These columns were kept horizontal and sheltered from forced air convection (i.e., under still air conditions), at room temperature. They were all percolated with pure acetonitrile, either under the maximum pressure drop (1034 bar) or at the maximum flow rate (2 mL/min) permitted by the chromatograph. The heat balance equation of chromatographic columns was discretized and solved numerically with minimum approximation. Both the compressibility and the thermal expansion of the eluent were taken into account. The boundary conditions were determined from the experimental measurements of the column inlet pressure and of the temperature profile along the column wall, which were made with a precision better than +/- 0.1 K. These calculation results provide the 3-D temperature profiles along and across the columns. The axial and radial temperature gradients are discussed in relationship with the experimental conditions used. The temperature map obtained permits a prediction of the chromatographic data obtained under a very high pressure gradient. C1 [Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gritti, Fabrice] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 26 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 13 BP 5009 EP 5020 DI 10.1021/ac800280c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 320YH UT WOS:000257270600033 PM 18529067 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ Vavrek, M Koeplinger, KA Schneider, BB Covey, TR AF Kertesz, Vilmos Van Berkel, Gary J. Vavrek, Marissa Koeplinger, Kenneth A. Schneider, Bradley B. Covey, Thomas R. TI Comparison of drug distribution images from whole-body thin tissue sections obtained using desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and autoradiography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY PLATES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; PROPRANOLOL; RAT; SURFACE; MALDI; DESI AB Desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DESI-MS/MS) and whole-body autoradiography (WBA) were used for chemical imaging of whole-body thin tissue sections of mice intravenously dosed with propranolol (7.5 mg/kg). DESI-MS/MS imaging utilized selected reaction monitoring detection performed on an AB/MDS SCIEX 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer equipped with a prototype extended length particle discriminator interface. Propranolol images of the tissue sections using DESI-MS/MS were obtained at surface scan rates of 0.1, 0.5, 2, and 7 mm/s. Although signal decreased with increasing scan rate, useful whole-body images for propranolol were obtained from the tissues even at 7 mm/s, which required just 79 min of analysis time. Attempts to detect and image the distribution of the known propranolol metabolites were unsuccessful. Regions of the tissue sections showing the most radioactivity from WBA sections were excised and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radio-chemical detection to determine relative levels of propranolol and metabolites present Comparison of the DESI-MS/MS signal for propranolol and the radioactivity attributed to propranolol from WBA sections indicated nominal agreement between the two techniques for the amount of propranolol in the brain, lung, and liver. Data from the kidney showed an unexplained disparity between the two techniques. The results of this study show the feasibility of using DESI-MS/MS to obtain useful chemical images of a drug in whole-body thin tissue sections following drug administration at a pharmacologically relevant level. Further optimization to improve sensitivity and enable detection of the drug metabolites will be among the requirements necessary to move DESI-MS/MS chemical imaging forward as a practical tool in drug discovery. C1 [Kertesz, Vilmos; Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vavrek, Marissa; Koeplinger, Kenneth A.] Merck Res Labs, Drug Metab & Pharmacokinet, West Point, PA 19486 USA. [Schneider, Bradley B.; Covey, Thomas R.] MDS Analyt Technol, Concord, ON, Canada. RP Kertesz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerteszv@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 40 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 13 BP 5168 EP 5177 DI 10.1021/ac800546a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 320YH UT WOS:000257270600054 PM 18481874 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Iihara, J Takebe, T Denlinger, JD AF Muramatsu, Yasuji Iihara, Junji Takebe, Toshihiko Denlinger, Jonathan D. TI Chemical analysis of impurity boron atoms in diamond using soft X-ray emission spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis CY SEP 17-19, 2007 CL Japan Soc Anal Chem, Discuss Grp X-Ray Anal, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Japan Soc Anal Chem, Discuss Grp X-Ray Anal ID ALPHA-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LIGHT-ELEMENTS; GROWTH RATES; SPECTRA; FILMS; NITRIDE AB To analyze the local structure and/or chemical states of boron atoms in boron-doped diamond, which can be synthesized by the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method (CVD-B-diamond) and the temperature gradient method at high pressure and high temperature (HPT-B-diamond), we measured the soft X-ray emission spectra in the CK and BK regions of B-diamonds using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). X-ray spectral analyses using the fingerprint method and molecular orbital calculations confirm that boron atoms in CVD-B-diamond substitute for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice to form covalent B-C bonds, while boron atoms in HPT-B-diamond react with the impurity nitrogen atoms to form hexagonal boron nitride. This suggests that the high purity diamond without nitrogen impurities is necessary to synthesize p-type B-diamond semiconductors. C1 [Muramatsu, Yasuji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. [Iihara, Junji; Takebe, Toshihiko] Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Itami, Hyogo 6650016, Japan. [Denlinger, Jonathan D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. EM murama@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.2116/analsci.24.831 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 328HU UT WOS:000257789800002 PM 18614820 ER PT J AU Veress, AI Weiss, JA Huesman, RH Reutter, BW Taylor, SE Sitek, A Feng, B Yang, YF Gullberg, GT AF Veress, Alexander I. Weiss, Jeffrey A. Huesman, Ronald H. Reutter, Bryan W. Taylor, Scott E. Sitek, Arek Feng, Bing Yang, Yongfeng Gullberg, Grant T. TI Measuring regional changes in the diastolic deformation of the left ventricle of SHR rats using microPET technology and hyperelastic warping SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hypertension; deformation; microPET; metabolism; diastole; SHR model; hypertrophy; mechanics; heart model ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS; HEART-FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS; EJECTION FRACTION; GATED SPECT; GENE-EXPRESSION; WALL-MOTION; FATTY-ACID AB The objective of this research was to assess applicability of a technique known as hyperelastic warping for the measurement of local strains in the left ventricle (LV) directly from microPET image data sets. The technique uses differences in image intensities between template (reference) and target (loaded) image data sets to generate a body force that deforms a finite element (FE) representation of the template so that it registers with the target images. For validation, the template image was defined as the end-systolic microPET image data set from a Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. The target image was created by mapping the template image using the deformation results obtained from a FE model of diastolic filling. Regression analysis revealed highly significant correlations between the simulated forward FE solution and image derived warping predictions for fiber stretch (R(2) = 0.96), circumferential strain (R(2) = 0.96), radial strain (R(2) = 0.93), and longitudinal strain (R(2) = 0.76) (p < 0.001 for all cases). The technology was applied to microPET image data of two spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and a WKY control. Regional analysis revealed that, the lateral freewall in the SHR subjects showed the greatest deformation compared with the other wall segments. This work indicates that warping can accurately predict the strain distributions during diastole from the analysis of microPET data sets. C1 [Veress, Alexander I.; Weiss, Jeffrey A.] Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Veress, Alexander I.; Weiss, Jeffrey A.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Huesman, Ronald H.; Reutter, Bryan W.; Taylor, Scott E.; Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Sitek, Arek] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Feng, Bing] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Yang, Yongfeng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Veress, AI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM averess@u.washington.edu OI Veress, Alexander/0000-0002-9334-9257; Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB007219-01A2, R01 EB007219, R01 EB00121, R01 EB000121, R01 EB000121-20] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1104 EP 1117 DI 10.1007/s10439-008-9497-9 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 307KQ UT WOS:000256318200003 PM 18437574 ER PT J AU Sowell, SM Norbeck, AD Lipton, MS Nicora, CD Callister, SJ Smith, RD Barofsky, DF Giovannoni, SJ AF Sowell, Sarah M. Norbeck, Angela D. Lipton, Mary S. Nicora, Carrie D. Callister, Stephen J. Smith, Richard D. Barofsky, Douglas F. Giovannoni, Stephen J. TI Proteomic analysis of stationary phase in the marine bacterium "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique" SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURABLE VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; TIME TAG APPROACH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACCURATE MASS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE AB "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique," an abundant marine alphaproteobacterium, subsists in nature at low ambient nutrient concentrations and may often be exposed to nutrient limitation, but its genome reveals no evidence of global regulatory mechanisms for adaptation to stationary phase. High-resolution capillary liquid chromatography coupled online to an LTQ mass spectrometer was used to build an accurate mass and time (AMT) tag library that enabled quantitative examination of proteomic differences between exponential- and stationary-phase "Ca. Pelagibacter ubique" cells cultivated in a seawater medium. The AMT tag library represented 65% of the predicted protein-encoding genes. "Ca. Pelagibacter ubique" appears to respond adaptively to stationary phase by increasing the abundance of a suite of proteins that contribute to homeostasis rather than undergoing a major remodeling of its proteome. Stationary-phase abundances increased significantly for OsmC and thioredoxin reductase, which may mitigate oxidative damage in "Ca. Pelagibacter," as well as for molecular chaperones, enzymes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis, proteins involved in p-dependent transcription termination, and the signal transduction enzyme CheY-FisH. We speculate that this limited response may enable "Ca. Pelagibacter ubique" to cope with ambient conditions that deprive it of nutrients for short periods and, furthermore, that the ability to resume growth overrides the need for a more comprehensive global stationary-phase response to create a capacity for long-term survival. C1 [Giovannoni, Stephen J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sowell, Sarah M.] Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Norbeck, Angela D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Callister, Stephen J.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barofsky, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Giovannoni, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 13 BP 4091 EP 4100 DI 10.1128/AEM.00599-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 323LF UT WOS:000257446900020 PM 18469119 ER PT J AU Schoenfeld, T Patterson, M Richardson, PM Wommack, KE Young, M Mead, D AF Schoenfeld, Thomas Patterson, Melodee Richardson, Paul M. Wommack, K. Eric Young, Mark Mead, David TI Assembly of viral metagenomes from Yellowstone hot springs SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE; NATIONAL-PARK; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EUKARYAL VIRUSES; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; MARINE VIRUSES; DNA-POLYMERASE; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB Thermophilic viruses were reported decades ago; however, knowledge of their diversity, biology, and ecological impact is limited. Previous research on thermophilic viruses focused on cultivated strains. This study examined metagenomic profiles of viruses directly isolated from two mildly alkaline hot springs, Bear Paw (74 degrees C) and Octopus (93 degrees C). Using a new method for constructing libraries from picograms of DNA, nearly 30 Mb of viral DNA sequence was determined. In contrast to previous studies, sequences were assembled at 50% and 95% identity, creating composite contigs up to 35 kb and facilitating analysis of the inherent heterogeneity in the populations. Lowering the assembly identity reduced the estimated number of viral types from 1,440 and 1,310 to 548 and 283, respectively. Surprisingly, the diversity of viral species in these springs approaches that in moderate-temperature environments. While most known thermophilic viruses have a chronic, nonlytic infection lifestyle, analysis of coding sequences suggests lytic viruses are more common in geothermal environments than previously thought. The 50% assembly included one contig with high similarity and perfect synteny to nine genes from Pyrobaculum spherical virus (PSV). In fact, nearly all the genes of the 28-kb genome of PSV have apparent homologs in the metagenomes. Similarities to thermoacidophilic viruses isolated on other continents were limited to specific open reading frames but were equally strong. Nearly 25% of the reads showed significant similarity between the hot springs, suggesting a common subterranean source. To our knowledge, this is the first application of metagenomics to viruses of geothermal origin. C1 [Schoenfeld, Thomas; Patterson, Melodee; Mead, David] Lucigen Corp, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Richardson, Paul M.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Wommack, K. Eric] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Young, Mark] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Schoenfeld, T (reprint author), Lucigen Corp, 2120 W Greenview Dr,Suite 9, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM tschoenfeld@lucigen.com FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1 R43 HG002714-01, R43 HG002714] NR 86 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 13 BP 4164 EP 4174 DI 10.1128/AEM.02598-07 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 323LF UT WOS:000257446900027 PM 18441115 ER PT J AU Singer, SW Chan, CS Zemla, A VerBerkmoes, NC Hwang, M Hettich, RL Banfield, JF Thelen, MP AF Singer, Steven W. Chan, Clara S. Zemla, Adam VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Hwang, Mona Hettich, Robert L. Banfield, Jillian F. Thelen, Michael P. TI Characterization of cytochrome 579, an unusual cytochrome isolated from an iron-oxidizing microbial community SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; PROTEOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; OXIDATION; BIOFILM AB A novel, soluble cytochrome with an unusual visible spectral signature at 579 nm (Cyt(579)) has been characterized after isolation from several different microbial biofilms collected in an extremely acidic ecosystem. Previous proteogenomic studies of an Fe (II)-oxidizing community indicated that this abundant red cytochrome could be extracted from the biofilms with dilute sulfuric acid. Here, we found that the Fe(H)dependent reduction of Cyt(579) was thermodynamically favorable at a pH of >3, raising the possibility that Cyt(579) acts as an accessory protein for electron transfer. The results of transmission electron microscopy of immunogold-labeled biofilm indicated that Cyt(579) is localized near the bacterial cell surface, consistent with periplasmic localization. The results of further protein analysis of Cyt(579), using preparative chromatofocusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed three forms of the protein that correspond to different N-terminal truncations of the amino acid sequence. The results of intact-protein analysis corroborated the posttranslational modifications of these forms and identified a genomically uncharacterized Cyt(579) variant. Homology modeling was used to predict the overall cytochrome structure and heme binding site; the positions of nine amino acid substitutions found in three Cyt(579) variants all map to the surface of the protein and away from the heme group. Based on this detailed characterization of Cyt(579), we propose that Cyt(579) acts as an electron transfer protein, shuttling electrons derived from Fe(II) oxidation to support critical metabolic functions in the acidophilic microbial community. C1 [Singer, Steven W.; Hwang, Mona; Thelen, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zemla, Adam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chan, Clara S.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thelen, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-452,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mthelen@llnl.gov RI Thelen, Michael/C-6834-2008; Chan, Clara/B-6420-2011; Thelen, Michael/G-2032-2014; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Chan, Clara/0000-0003-1810-4994; Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4454 EP 4462 DI 10.1128/AEM.02799-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600025 PM 18469132 ER PT J AU Wu, L Kellogg, L Devol, AH Tiedje, JM Zhou, J AF Wu, Liyou Kellogg, Laurie Devol, Allan H. Tiedje, James M. Zhou, Jizhong TI Microarray-based characterization of microbial community functional structure and heterogeneity in marine sediments from the gulf of Mexico SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; GENES; PACIFIC AB Marine sediments of coastal margins are important sites of carbon sequestration and nitrogen cycling. To determine the metabolic potential and structure of marine sediment microbial communities, two cores were collected each from the two stations (GMT at a depth of 200 m and GMS at 800 m) in the Gulf of Mexico, and six subsamples representing different depths were analyzed from each of these two cores using functional gene arrays containing similar to 2,000 probes targeting genes involved in carbon fixation; organic carbon degradation; contaminant degradation; metal resistance; and nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous cycling. The geochemistry was highly variable for the sediments based on both site and depth. A total of 930 (47.1%) probes belonging to various functional gene categories showed significant hybridization with at least 1 of the 12 samples. The overall functional gene diversity of the samples from shallow depths was in general lower than those from deep depths at both stations. Also high microbial heterogeneity existed in these marine sediments. In general, the microbial community structure was more similar when the samples were spatially closer. The number of unique genes at GMT increased with depth, from 1.7% at 0.75 cm to 18.9% at 25 cm. The same trend occurred at GMS, from 1.2% at 0.25 cm to 15.2% at 16 cm. In addition, a broad diversity of geochemically important metabolic functional genes related to carbon degradation, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, sulfur reduction, phosphorus utilization, contaminant degradation, and metal resistance were observed, implying that marine sediments could play important roles in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfate, and various metals. Finally, the Mantel test revealed significant positive correlations between various specific functional genes and functional processes, and canonical correspondence analysis suggested that sediment depth, PO43-, NH4+ Mn(II), porosity, and Si(OH)(4) might play major roles in shaping the microbial community structure in the marine sediments. C1 [Wu, Liyou; Kellogg, Laurie; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Kellogg, Laurie; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Devol, Allan H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98295 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu NR 65 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4516 EP 4529 DI 10.1128/AEM.02751-07 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600032 PM 18515485 ER PT J AU Gao, WM Francis, AJ AF Gao, Weimin Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Reduction of uranium(VI) to uranium(IV) by clostridia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT URANIUM; BIOREDUCTION; BACTERIUM AB Several different species of clostridia reduced U(VI) to U(IV) to various degrees. The optimal pH for U(VI) reduction is 5 to 6 in most cases; a Clostridium sp. showed the highest rate at pH 4. Nitrate did not affect U(VI) reduction, indicating that this process in clostridia is nitrate independent. C1 [Gao, Weimin; Francis, Arokiasamy J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Francis, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM francis1@bnl.gov RI Gao, Weimin/J-1795-2014 OI Gao, Weimin/0000-0002-6758-9775 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4580 EP 4584 DI 10.1128/AEM.00239-08 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600043 PM 18515477 ER PT J AU Wingate, BA Taylor, MA AF Wingate, Beth A. Taylor, Mark A. TI Performance of numerically computed quadrature points SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Spectral Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics CY JUL, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE DE triangle; Lebesgue constant; spectral element; cubature; fekete points ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION; TRIANGLE; SIMPLEX AB In this work we focus on the diagonal-mass-matrix spectral element method (DMM) in non-tensor product domains such as triangles and tetrahedra. For many problems, the DMM method is more efficient than methods which require the inversion of a wide bandwidth mass matrix. For elements which are tensor product domains, the method is formulated using a nodal basis derived from Gauss-Lobatto points which simultaneously provide well-conditioned interpolants and high quality quadrature. In non-tensor product domains such as triangles and tetrahedra such points are not known analytically. DMM therefore relies on numerically computed interpolation and quadrature points. Here we compare three point sets for use in DMM methods on triangles: Fekete points and two new point sets that have improved quadrature properties but less optimal interpolation properties. We show convergence results for the linear advection and Poisson problems, and the growth of the eigenspectrum for the first and second derivative operators. We conclude that these points sets, when used for DMM on triangles, suffer from numerical stability problems which can be overcome by employing common filtering techniques such as the erfc-log filter [J.P. Boyd, The erfc-log filter and the asymptotics of the Euler and Vandeven sequence accelerations, in: Proc. of 3rd Int. Conf. on Spectral and High Order Methods, 1996, pp. 267-276]. We show the growth of the maximum eigenvalues for both the first and second derivative operator is no worse than for that of tensor product domains. We also show that for the solution of the Poisson equation in weak form, the new points, which have improved quadrature properties, are superior to Fekete points. (C) 2007 IMACS. Flublished by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wingate, Beth A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS Comp & Computat Sci Div D413, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Wingate, Beth A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Taylor, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Exploratory Simulat Technol MS318, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wingate, BA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS Comp & Computat Sci Div D413, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM wingate@lanl.gov; mataylo@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1030 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/j.apnum.2007.04.006 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 317FZ UT WOS:000257006700009 ER PT J AU Heestand, GM Haynam, CA Wegner, PJ Bowers, MW Dixit, SN Erbert, GV Henesian, MA Hermann, MR Jancaitis, KS Knittel, K Kohut, T Lindl, JD Manes, KR Marshall, CD Mehta, NC Menapace, J Moses, E Murray, JR Nostrand, MC Orth, CD Patterson, R Sacks, RA Saunders, R Shaw, MJ Spaeth, M Sutton, SB Williams, WH Widmayer, CC White, RK Whitman, PK Yang, ST Van Wonterghem, BM AF Heestand, G. M. Haynam, C. A. Wegner, P. J. Bowers, M. W. Dixit, S. N. Erbert, G. V. Henesian, M. A. Hermann, M. R. Jancaitis, K. S. Knittel, K. Kohut, T. Lindl, J. D. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. D. Mehta, N. C. Menapace, J. Moses, E. Murray, J. R. Nostrand, M. C. Orth, C. D. Patterson, R. Sacks, R. A. Saunders, R. Shaw, M. J. Spaeth, M. Sutton, S. B. Williams, W. H. Widmayer, C. C. White, R. K. Whitman, P. K. Yang, S. T. Van Wonterghem, B. M. TI Demonstration of high-energy 2 omega (526.5 nm) operation on the National Ignition Facility Laser System SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; LIGHT; KDP AB A single beamline of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been operated at a wavelength of 526.5 nm (2 omega) by frequency converting the fundamental 1053 nm (1 omega) wavelength with an 18.2 mm thick type-I potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) second-harmonic generator (SHG) crystal. Second-harmonic energies of up to 17.9 kJ were measured at the final optics focal plane with a conversion efficiency of 82%. For a similarly configured 192-beam NIF, this scales to a total 2 omega energy of 3.4MJ full NIF equivalent (FNE). (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Heestand, G. M.; Haynam, C. A.; Wegner, P. J.; Bowers, M. W.; Dixit, S. N.; Erbert, G. V.; Henesian, M. A.; Hermann, M. R.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Knittel, K.; Kohut, T.; Lindl, J. D.; Manes, K. R.; Marshall, C. D.; Mehta, N. C.; Menapace, J.; Moses, E.; Murray, J. R.; Nostrand, M. C.; Orth, C. D.; Patterson, R.; Sacks, R. A.; Saunders, R.; Shaw, M. J.; Spaeth, M.; Sutton, S. B.; Williams, W. H.; Widmayer, C. C.; White, R. K.; Whitman, P. K.; Yang, S. T.; Van Wonterghem, B. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heestand, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM heestand1@llnl.gov RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 19 BP 3494 EP 3499 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003494 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 330LL UT WOS:000257942600033 PM 18594596 ER PT J AU Omrane, A Petersson, P Alden, M Linne, MA AF Omrane, A. Petersson, P. Alden, M. Linne, M. A. TI Simultaneous 2D flow velocity and gas temperature measurements using thermographic phosphors SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DROPLETS; THERMOMETRY; PRESSURE AB In this paper a new approach for simultaneous 2D velocity and temperature measurements using phosphoric particles is presented. The phosphoric particles respond to the temperature changes in the flow while acting as tracers for velocity mapping. The temperature sensitive particles were seeded into a heated flow and were excited by a pulsed UV laser. The subsequent red shifted emission was detected and analyzed to infer temperature using calibration procedures for lifetime and emission spectra against temperature. The diameter of the temperature sensitive particles, usually in the range of 1-10 mu m, makes them useful for velocity measurements using particle image velocimetry (PIV). As such, simultaneous measurement of temperature and flow velocity of a gaseous flow were performed and presented. C1 [Omrane, A.; Petersson, P.; Alden, M.] Lund Inst Technol, Div Combust Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Linne, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Petersson, P (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Div Combust Phys, PO Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM per.petersson@forbrf.lth.se NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3051-1 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 315VP UT WOS:000256908600019 ER PT J AU Kosterev, AA Bakhirkin, YA Tittel, FK McWhorter, S Ashcraft, B AF Kosterev, A. A. Bakhirkin, Y. A. Tittel, F. K. McWhorter, S. Ashcraft, B. TI QEPAS methane sensor performance for humidified gases SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M; MOLECULAR RELAXATION; LASER; IMPACT AB A trace gas sensor based on quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) was evaluated using humidified nitrogen samples and ambient air. Relaxation processes following vibrational excitation of 2 nu(3) state of CH4 were investigated. Sensor performance at different gas pressures could be predicted based on a developed kinetic model. The experimentally determined normalized detection sensitivity for CH4 in humid gas is 1.0x10(8) cm(-1) W/Hz(1/2). C1 [Kosterev, A. A.; Bakhirkin, Y. A.; Tittel, F. K.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McWhorter, S.; Ashcraft, B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Hydrogen Technol Res Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Kosterev, AA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM akoster@rice.edu NR 15 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3056-9 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 315VP UT WOS:000256908600020 ER PT J AU Sheaff, CN Eastwood, D Wai, CM Addleman, RS AF Sheaff, Chrystal N. Eastwood, Delyle Wai, Chien M. Addleman, R. Shane TI Fluoresecence detection and identification of tagging agents and impurities found in explosives SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE aromatic amines; nitro aromatics; explosive compounds; fluorescence; synchronous luminescence; derivative spectroscopy; tagging agents ID AROMATIC-AMINES; SINGLE MOLECULES; TRACE DETECTION; TNT; FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; VAPORS AB The detection and identification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) vapors have proven to be difficult and challenging due to the low vapor pressures of these high explosives. Detecting higher vapor pressure impurity compounds found in TNT and possible tagging agents mandated to be added to plastic explosives (RDX and PETN) would allow for easier vapor detection. The higher vapor pressure nitro compounds of interest are considered to be non-fluorescent; however, once reduced to their amino analogs, they have relatively high quantum yields. The standard reduction products, the reduction products obtained in solution, and the reduction products obtained in vapor phase were analyzed by conventional fluorescence, synchronous luminescence, and derivative spectroscopy. The nitro analogs of the isomers 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,2diaminobenzene, and 1,4-diaminobenzene are found as impurities in TNT. We provide for the first time the synchronous luminescence derivative spectra of these isomers; including their individual spectra and a spectrum of an isomeric mixture of the three. Using the standard reduction products associated with these isomers and other aromatic amines, our data suggest that the vapors of two signature impurities, 113dinitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), minor impurity compounds, and two possible tagging agents, 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT) and 4nitrotoluene (4-NT), can be detected and selectively identified using our fluorescence approach. To prove our methodology, we show that we were able to generate, collect, and reduce 2-NT, 4-NT, and 2,4-DNT vapors to their amino analogs. Using our fluorescence approach, these vapors could be detected and selectively identified both individually and in a mixture. Collectively, our data indicate that our method of detecting and identifying higher vapor pressure explosive-like compounds could potentially be used to detect and identify low vapor pressure explosives such as TNT, RDX, and PETN. C1 [Sheaff, Chrystal N.; Eastwood, Delyle; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Addleman, R. Shane] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheaff, CN (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, POB 442343, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM chrystalsheaff@vandals.uidaho.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 62 IS 7 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1366/000370208784909652 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 326DC UT WOS:000257637200005 PM 18935822 ER PT J AU Al-Amri, AM Rodgers, AJ Al-Khalifah, TA AF Al-Amri, Abdullah M. Rodgers, Arthur J. Al-Khalifah, Tariq A. TI Improving the level of seismic hazard parameters in Saudi Arabia using earthquake location SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Seismic hazards; Arabian Plate; Ground truth; Earthquake location; iasp91 AB Saudi Arabia is characterized as largely aseismic; however, the tectonic plate boundaries that surround it are very active. To improve characterization of seismicity and ground motion hazard, the Saudi Arabian Digital Seismic Network (SANDSN) was installed in 1998 and continues to be operated by the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST). This article describes research performed to improve seismic hazard parameters using earthquake location and magnitude calibration of the high-quality SANDSN data. The SANDSN consists of 38 seismic stations, 27 broadband, and 11 short period. All data are telemetered in real time to a central facility at KACST in Riyadh. The SANDSN stations show low background noise levels and have good signal detection capabilities; however, some stations show cultural noise at frequencies above 1.0 Hz. We assessed the SANDSN event location capabilities by comparing KACST locations with well-determined locations derived from ground truth or global observations. While a clear location bias exists when using the global average iasp91 earth model, the locations can be improved by using regional models optimized for different tectonic source regions. The article presents detailed analysis of some events and Dead Sea explosions where we found gross errors in estimated locations. New velocity models we calculated that should improve estimated locations of regional events in three specific regions include (1) Gulf of Aqabah-Dead Sea region, (2) Arabian Shield, and (3) Arabian Platform. Recently, these models were applied to the SANDSN to improve local and teleseismic event locations and to develop an accurate magnitude scale for Saudi Arabia. The Zagros Thrust presents the most seismic hazard to eastern Saudi Arabia because of the frequent occurrence of earthquakes. Although these events are 200 km or further from the Arabian coast, wave propagation through sedimentary structure of the Gulf causes long-duration ground motions for periods between 3 and 10 s. Such ground motions could excite response in large engineered structures (e. g., tall buildings and long bridges) such as was experienced after the November 22, 2005 Qeshm Island earthquake off the southern coast of Iran. C1 [Al-Amri, Abdullah M.] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Rodgers, Arthur J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Al-Khalifah, Tariq A.] King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol, Res Inst Astron & Geophys, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Al-Amri, AM (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Dept Geol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. EM amri444@yahoo.com; rodgers7@llnl.gov RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011 FU King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [AR-20-68]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to express their thanks and gratitude to King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology for funding this project (grant no. AR-20-68). This work was also performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We also thank Moustafa Hemeda for assistance with data extraction. This paper benefited from reviews from two anonymous referees. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1866-7511 EI 1866-7538 J9 ARAB J GEOSCI JI Arab. J. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s12517-008-0001-5 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V11IR UT WOS:000207525800001 ER PT J AU Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Roth, Kurt Brodrick, James TI Home energy displays SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Roth, Kurt] TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 330LE UT WOS:000257941900013 ER PT J AU Offner, SSR Krumholz, MR Klein, RI Mckee, CF AF Offner, Stella S. R. Krumholz, Mark R. Klein, Richard I. McKee, Christopher F. TI The kinematics of molecular cloud cores in the presence of driven and decaying turbulence: Comparisons with observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; methods : numerical; stars : formation; turbulence ID C2D LEGACY CLOUDS; SELF-GRAVITATIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; DENSE CORES; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; BOLOCAM SURVEY; MAIN CLOUD AB In this study, we investigate the formation and properties of prestellar and protostellar cores using hydrodynamic self-gravitating adaptive mesh refinement simulations, comparing the cases where turbulence is continually driven and where it is allowed to decay. We model observations of these cores in the C(18)O(2 -> 1), NH(3)( 1, 1), and N(2)H(+)(1 -> 0) lines, and from the simulated observations we measure the line widths of individual cores, the line widths of the surrounding gas, and the motions of the cores relative to one another. Some of these distributions are significantly different in the driven and decaying runs, making them potential diagnostics for determining whether the turbulence in observed star-forming clouds is driven or decaying. Comparing our simulations with observed cores in the Perseus and rho Ophiuchus clouds shows reasonably good agreement between the observed and simulated core-to-core velocity dispersions for both the driven and decaying cases. However, we find that the line widths through protostellar cores in both simulations are too large compared to the observations. The disagreement is noticeably worse for the decaying simulation, in which cores show highly supersonic infall signatures in their centers that decrease toward their edges, a pattern not seen in the observed regions. This result gives some support to the use of driven turbulence for modeling regions of star formation, but reaching a firm conclusion on the relative merits of driven or decaying turbulence will require more complete data on a larger sample of clouds as well as simulations that include magnetic fields, outflows, and thermal feedback from the protostars. C1 [Offner, Stella S. R.; McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krumholz, Mark R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Klein, Richard I.; McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Richard I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Offner, SSR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM soffner@berkeley.edu; krumholz@astro.princeton.edu; klein@astron.berkeley.edu; cmckee@astron.berkeley.edu OI Krumholz, Mark/0000-0003-3893-854X NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 404 EP 420 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/404 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200035 ER PT J AU Evstigneeva, EA Drinkwater, MJ Peng, CY Hilker, M De Propris, R Jones, JB Phillipps, S Gregg, MD Karick, AM AF Evstigneeva, E. A. Drinkwater, M. J. Peng, C. Y. Hilker, M. De Propris, R. Jones, J. B. Phillipps, S. Gregg, M. D. Karick, A. M. TI Structural properties of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo Clusters SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Fornax Cluster, Virgo Cluster); galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : formation; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : star clusters; galaxies : structure ID NUCLEAR STAR-CLUSTERS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS PROFILES; SPACE-TELESCOPE CENSUS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; COLOR GRADIENTS; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; ADVANCED CAMERA; OMEGA-CENTAURI AB We present a detailed analysis of high-resolution two-band Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging of 21 ultra-compact dwarf (UCD) galaxies in the Virgo and Fornax Clusters. The aim of this work is to test two formation hypotheses for UCDs-whether they are bright globular clusters (GCs) or stripped ("threshed") early-type dwarf galaxies-by direct comparison of UCD structural parameters and colors with GCs and galaxy nuclei. We find that the UCD surface brightness profiles can be described by a range of models and that the luminous UCDs in particular cannot be described by standard King models with tidal cutoffs as they have extended outer halos. This is not expected from traditional King models of GCs, but is consistent with recent results for massive GCs. The total luminosities, colors, and sizes of the UCDs ( their position in the color-magnitude and luminosity-size diagrams) are consistent with them being either luminous GCs or threshed nuclei of both early-type and late-type galaxies ( not just early-type dwarfs). For the most luminous UCDs we estimate color gradients over a limited range of radius. These are systematically positive in the sense of getting redder outward: mean.(F606W - F814W) = 0.14 mag per 100 pc with rms = 0.06 mag per 100 pc. The positive gradients found in the bright UCDs are consistent with them being either bright GCs or threshed early-type dwarf galaxies ( except VUCD3). In contrast to the above results we find a very significant (> 99.9% significance) difference in the sizes of UCDs and early-type galaxy nuclei: the effective radii of UCDs are 2.2(-0.1)(+0.2) times larger than those of early-type galaxy nuclei at the same luminosity. This result suggests that an important test can be made of the threshing hypothesis by simulating the process and predicting what size increase is expected. C1 [Evstigneeva, E. A.; Drinkwater, M. J.] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Peng, C. Y.] NRC Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Hilker, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [De Propris, R.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Jones, J. B.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. [Phillipps, S.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Gregg, M. D.; Karick, A. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gregg, M. D.; Karick, A. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evstigneeva, EA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM e.evstigneeva@gmail.com; m.drinkwater@uq.edu.au; cyp@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; mhilker@eso.org; rdepropris@ctio.noao.edu; bryn.jones@qmul.ac.uk; S.Phillipps@bristol.ac.uk; gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; akarick@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; Jones, Bryn/0000-0002-4679-5625; Phillipps, Steven/0000-0001-5991-3486 NR 62 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 461 EP 478 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/461 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200038 ER PT J AU Malinovsky, AM Voevodkin, AA Lukash, VN Mikheeva, EV Vikhlinin, AA AF Malinovsky, A. M. Voevodkin, A. A. Lukash, V. N. Mikheeva, E. V. Vikhlinin, A. A. TI Cosmological constraints on the neutrino mass from CMB anisotropy and large-scale structure of the Universe SO ASTRONOMY LETTERS-A JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND SPACE ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE theoretical and observational cosmology ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; POWER-SPECTRUM; DARK-MATTER; MODELS AB Using cosmological data on the CMB anisotropy and large-scale structure of the Universe, we have obtained new constraints on the sum of the masses of three generations of active neutrinos: Sigma m (nu) < 1.05 eV (95% confidence level). Data of the third year of the WMAP mission served as the source of CMB anisotropy data. The mass functions of X-ray clusters of galaxies were taken as the data on the large-scale structure of the Universe. The observational properties of the clusters were obtained during the ROSAT mission and the assumption that the baryon fraction is universal in the Universe was used to determine the total cluster mass. C1 [Malinovsky, A. M.; Lukash, V. N.; Mikheeva, E. V.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Voevodkin, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A. A.] Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Voevodkin, A. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vikhlinin, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Malinovsky, AM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Profsoyuznaya Ul 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM amalin@lukash.asc.rssi.ru RI Malinovsky, Alexandr/M-3801-2015; Mikheeva, Elena/M-5285-2015; Lukash, Vladimir/M-5306-2015 OI Malinovsky, Alexandr/0000-0003-4376-8901; NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7737 J9 ASTRON LETT+ JI Astron. Lett.-J. Astron. Space Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 7 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1134/S1063773708070025 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328CT UT WOS:000257775900002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, F Ave, M Cazon, L Chou, A AF Schmidt, Fabian Ave, Maximo Cazon, Lorenzo Chou, Aaron TI A model-independent method of determining energy scale and muon number in cosmic ray surface detectors SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EAS; UHECR; cosmic rays : composition; hadronic interaction models ID AIR-SHOWER SIMULATIONS; SPECTRUM; ARRAY; AGE AB Surface detector arrays are designed to measure the spectrum and composition of high energy cosmic rays by detecting the secondary particle flux of the extensive air showers (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic rays. Electromagnetic particles and muons constitute the dominant contribution to the ground detector signals. In this paper, we show that the ground signal deposit of an EAS can be described in terms of only very few parameters: the primary energy E, the zenith angle 0, the distance of the shower maximum X-max to the ground, and a muon flux normalization N-mu. This set of physical parameters is sufficient to predict the average particle fluxes at ground level to around 10% accuracy. We show that this is valid for hadronic air showers, using the two standard hadronic interaction models used in cosmic ray physics, QGSJetII and Sibyll, and for hadronic primaries from protons to iron. Based on this model, a new approach to calibrating the energy scale of ground array experiments is developed, which factors out the model dependence inherent in such calibrations up to now. Additionally, the method yields a measurement of the average number of muons in EAS. The measured distribution of N-mu of cosmic ray air showers can then be analysed, in conjunction with measurements of X-max from fluorescence detectors, to put constraints on the cosmic ray composition and hadronic interaction models. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Fabian; Ave, Maximo; Cazon, Lorenzo] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Schmidt, Fabian; Ave, Maximo; Cazon, Lorenzo] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chou, Aaron] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Chou, Aaron] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Schmidt, F (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM fabians@oddjob.uchicago.edu RI Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014 OI Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.03.004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 336LT UT WOS:000258366000001 ER PT J AU Serpico, PD Zaharijas, G AF Serpico, Pasquale D. Zaharijas, Gabrijela TI Optimal angular window for observing dark matter annihilation from the Galactic Center region: The case of gamma-ray lines SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gamma-rays; galactic halo ID EGRET OBSERVATIONS; INNER STRUCTURE; MILKY-WAY; HALOES; EMISSION AB Although the emission of radiation from dark matter annihilation is expected to be maximized at the Galactic Center, geometric factors and the presence of point-like and diffuse backgrounds make the choice of the angular window size to optimize the chance of a signal detection a non-trivial problem. We find that the best strategy is to focus on an annulus around the Galactic Center of similar to 1 degrees to greater than or similar to 30 degrees, where the optimal size depends on the angular distribution of the signal and the backgrounds. Although our conclusions are general, we illustrate this point in the particular case of annihilation into two monochromatic photons in the phenomenologically most interesting range of energy 45 GeV less than or similar to E less than or similar to 80 GeV, which is of great interest for the GLAST satellite. We find for example that dark matter models with sufficiently strong line annihilation signals, like the Inert Doublet Model, may be detectable without or with reasonable boost factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Serpico, Pasquale D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zaharijas, Gabrijela] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Serpico, PD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM serpico@fnal.gov OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.04.001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 336LT UT WOS:000258366000004 ER PT J AU de Putter, R Linder, EV AF de Putter, Roland Linder, Eric V. TI To bin or not to bin: Decorrelating the cosmic equation of state SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology; dark energy; equation of state; supernovae; principal components; bandpowers; bins ID POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; QUINTESSENCE; CONSTRAINTS AB The physics behind the acceleration of the cosmic expansion can be elucidated through comparison of the predictions of dark energy equations of state to observational data. In seeking to optimize this, we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using principal component analysis, uncorrelated bandpowers and the equation of state within redshift bins. We demonstrate that no one technique is a panacea, with tension between clear physical interpretation from localization and from decorrelated errors, as well as model dependence and form dependence. Specific lessons include the critical role of proper treatment of the high redshift expansion history and the lack of a unique, well-defined signal to noise or figure of merit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [de Putter, Roland; Linder, Eric V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Putter, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rdeputter@berkeley.edu NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 424 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.04.006 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 336LT UT WOS:000258366000009 ER PT J AU Johnson, BM Guan, X Gammie, CF AF Johnson, Bryan M. Guan, Xiaoyue Gammie, Charles F. TI Orbital advection by interpolation: A fast and accurate numerical scheme for super-fast MHD flows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE methods : numerical; MHD ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; GALACTIC GAS DISKS; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHMS; TESTS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT AB In numerical models of thin astrophysical disks that use a Eulerian scheme, gas orbits supersonically through a fixed grid. As a result the time step is sharply limited by the Courant condition. Also, because the mean flow speed with respect to the grid varies with position, the truncation error varies systematically with position. For hydrodynamic (unmagnetized) disks an algorithm called FARGO has been developed that advects the gas along its mean orbit using a separate interpolation substep. This relaxes the constraint imposed by the Courant condition, which now depends only on the peculiar velocity of the gas, and results in a truncation error that is more nearly independent of position. This paper describes a FARGO-like algorithm suitable for evolving magnetized disks. Our method is second-order-accurate on a smooth flow and preserves del center dot B = 0 to machine precision. The main restriction is that B must be discretized on a staggered mesh. We give a detailed description of an implementation of the code and demonstrate that it produces the expected results on linear and nonlinear problems. We also point out how the scheme might be generalized to make the integration of other supersonic/superfast flows more efficient. Although our scheme reduces the variation of truncation error with position, it does not eliminate it. We show that the residual position dependence leads to characteristic radial variations in the density over long integrations. C1 [Johnson, Bryan M.; Guan, Xiaoyue; Gammie, Charles F.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnson, BM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L 413,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Gammie, Charles /0000-0001-7451-8935 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 177 IS 1 BP 373 EP 387 DI 10.1086/586707 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PV UT WOS:000257672300018 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Ajello, JM Mangina, RS James, GK Abgrall, H Roueff, E AF Aguilar, Alejandro Ajello, Joseph M. Mangina, Rao S. James, Geoffrey K. Abgrall, Herve Roueff, Evelyne TI The electron-excited mid-ultraviolet to near-infrared spectrum of H-2: Cross sections and transition probabilities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE infrared : general; line : identification; molecular data; molecular processes; ultraviolet : general ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; IMPACT EXCITATION; BAND SYSTEMS; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; (1,3)DELTA(G) STATES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION-SPECTRUM; TW-HYDRAE; MOMENTS; DISSOCIATION AB At high resolving power (lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 10; 000), we have measured the electron impactYinduced fluorescence spectrum of H-2 from 3300-10000 angstrom at 20 and 100 eV. We have analyzed the visible-optical-near-IR (VOIR) emission spectrum under optically thin, single-scattering experimental conditions. The high-resolution spectrum contains transitions from the gerade Rydberg series of singlet states to the ungerade series of Rydberg states (EF (1)Sigma(+)(g), GK (1)Sigma(+)(g), H (H) over bar (1)Sigma(+)(g), I-1 Pi(g), J(1)Delta(g)...-> B-1 Sigma(+)(u), C-1 Pi(u), B'(1)Sigma(+)(u), D-1 Pi(u)) and the Rydberg series of triplet states dominated by d(3)Pi(u), k(3)Pi(u), j(3)Delta(g) -> a(3)Sigma(g)' band systems. A model VOIR spectrum of H-2 from 7500 to 10000 angstrom, based on newly calculated transition probabilities and line positions including rovibrational coupling for singlet gerade states, is in excellent agreement with the observed intensities. The rotational line emission cross sections for direct excitation of the singlet states at 100 eV and triplet states at 20 eV were measured. The absolute cross section values for excitation to the singlet gerade states at 100 eV was measured to be (4: 58 +/- 1: 37); 10(-18) cm(2); the excitation cross section to the triplet states at 20 eV was found to be (1: 38 +/- 0: 41); 10(-18) cm(2). The singlet gerade emission cross sections are the cascading cross sections to the UV spectrum (including the Lyman and Werner band systems) and the triplet state emission cross sections are the cascade dissociation cross sections of the H-2 (a(3)Sigma(+)(g)-b(3)Sigma(+)(u)) continuum for the production of fast hydrogen atoms. Electrons are also effective in exciting high vibrational levels belonging to ungerade symmetry (B, B', C, D) which subsequently emit toward gerade symmetry states in the VOIR domain. Strong emission from the ungerade-gerade transitions are observed from 7300 to 7400 angstrom. C1 [Aguilar, Alejandro; Ajello, Joseph M.; Mangina, Rao S.; James, Geoffrey K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, CNRS, LUTII, F-92195 Meudon, France. Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Aguilar, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 177 IS 1 BP 388 EP 407 DI 10.1086/587690 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PV UT WOS:000257672300019 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lindberg, SE Kuiken, T AF Zhang, Hong Lindberg, Steve E. Kuiken, Todd TI Mysterious diel cycles of mercury emission from soils held in the dark at constant temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air/surface exchange; atmospheric chemistry; global biogeochemistry; heavy metal; solar radiation ID FLUX CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; MODEL; SIMULATION; NEVADA; AIR AB It is well known that mercury (Hg) emission from soils is largely controlled by solar radiation and soil temperature, exhibiting diet cycles that closely follow diet variations of solar radiation. To study soil Hg emission processes, we conducted experiments by measuring soil Hg emission fluxes under controlled conditions in the laboratory with a dynamic flux chamber using outside ambient air as flushing air. Unexpectedly, we observed consistent, recurring diet cycles of Hg emissions from dry soils held at constant temperature in the dark in our laboratory. The peaks of the emissions also seemed subject to some seasonal variation and to respond to local weather conditions with lower flux peaks in wintertime and on cloudy or rainy days. Finally, much lower soil Hg emission fluxes were observed in the presence of Hg-free zero air than in the presence of outside ambient air. It is hypothesized that some unidentified air-borne substance(s) in the ambient air might be responsible for the observed diet cycles of soil Hg emission. Further elaborate mechanistic investigations are clearly needed to test the initial working hypotheses and uncover the cause for this interesting, mysterious phenomenon. The present work and recent finding of enhancement of Hg emissions from soil and mineral particles by 03 seem to point to a research need to probe the possible role of near-ground atmospheric chemistry in Hg air/soil exchange. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Hong; Kuiken, Todd] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Zhang, Hong; Kuiken, Todd] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Lindberg, Steve E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Foster Hall,Box 5055, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM hzhang@tntech.edu RI Kuiken, Todd/A-3784-2016 OI Kuiken, Todd/0000-0001-7851-6232 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 21 BP 5424 EP 5433 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.037 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330RQ UT WOS:000257960900021 ER PT J AU Lunden, MM Kirchstetter, TW Thatcher, TL Hering, SV Brown, NJ AF Lunden, Melissa M. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Thatcher, Tracy L. Hering, Susanne V. Brown, Nancy J. TI Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indoor air quality; aerosols; carbon; adsorption artifact; gas-to-particle partitioning ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOOR/OUTDOOR RELATIONSHIPS; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLES; CALIFORNIA; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION; FILTERS; PM2.5 AB A field study was conducted in an unoccupied single-story residence in Clovis, California, to provide data to address issues important to assess the indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin. Measurements of black and organic carbonaceous aerosols were performed using a variety of methods, resulting in both near real-time measurements as well as integrated filter-based measurements. Comparisons of the different measurement methods show that it is crucial to account for gas phase adsorption artifacts when measuring organic carbon (OC). Measured concentrations affected by the emissions of organic compounds sorbed to indoor surfaces imply a higher degree of infiltration of outdoor organic carbon aerosols into the indoor environment for our unoccupied house. Analysis of the indoor and outdoor data for black carbon (BC) aerosols show that, on average, the indoor concentration of black carbon aerosols behaves in a similar manner to sulfate aerosols. In contrast, organic carbon aerosols are subject to chemical transformations indoors that for our unoccupied home, resulted in lower indoor OC concentrations than would be expected by physical loss mechanisms alone. These results show that gas to particle partitioning of organic compounds, as well as gas to surface interactions within the residence, are an important process governing the indoor concentration to OC aerosols of outdoor origin. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lunden, Melissa M.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Brown, Nancy J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thatcher, Tracy L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Hering, Susanne V.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Lunden, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MMLunden@lbl.gov RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 22 BP 5660 EP 5671 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.017 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 337LU UT WOS:000258438400016 ER PT J AU Matthews, DB Chesler, EJ Cook, MN Cockroft, J Philip, VM Goldowitz, D AF Matthews, Douglas B. Chesler, Elissa J. Cook, Melloni N. Cockroft, Jody Philip, Vivek M. Goldowitz, Dan TI Genetic mapping of vocalization to a series of increasing acute footshocks using B6.A consomic and B6.D2 congenic mouse strains SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Article DE stress; footshock; vocalization; mice; QTL; chromosome 1 ID SKIN RESISTANCE; STRESS; MICE; ALCOHOL; DRINKING; ETHANOL; SEEKING; SHOCK; REINSTATEMENT; VULNERABILITY AB Footshock response is used to study a variety of biological functions in mammals including drug self-administration, learning and memory and nociception. However, the genetics underlying variability in footshock sensitivity are not well understood. In the current studies, a panel of B6.A consomic mouse strains, two B6.D2 genome-tagged mouse lines, and the progenitor strains were screened for footshock sensitivity as measured by audible vocalization. It was found that A/J (A) mice and C57BL/6J (B6) mice with an A Chromosome 1 (Chr 1) were less sensitive to footshock compared to B6 animals. Furthermore, the offspring of Chr 1 consomic mice crossed with B6 mice had vocalization levels that were intermediate to A/J and B6 animals. A F2 mapping panel revealed two significant QTLs for footshock vocalization centered around D1Mit490 and D1Mit206 on Chr 1. The role of these Chr 1 loci in footshock sensitivity was confirmed in B6.D2 genome-tagged mouse lines. C1 [Matthews, Douglas B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Waco, TX 76706 USA. [Matthews, Douglas B.; Cook, Melloni N.] Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Chesler, Elissa J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Syst Genet Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cockroft, Jody; Goldowitz, Dan] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Philip, Vivek M.] Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Matthews, DB (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Waco, TX 76706 USA. EM doug_matthews@baylor.edu OI Philip, Vivek/0000-0001-5126-707X FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA13509, AA014588, R21 AA014588, U01-AA-13503, U01 AA013509-05, U01 AA016662, U01 AA013509, U01 AA013503, AA016662]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA020677, DA020677]; NIMH NIH HHS [U01 MH061971, R25 MH-066890, MH61971, R25 MH066890] NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-8244 J9 BEHAV GENET JI Behav. Genet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s10519-008-9210-7 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA 318WA UT WOS:000257122300008 PM 18535899 ER PT J AU Nguyen, BT Lehmann, J Kinyangi, J Smernik, R Riha, SJ Engelhard, MH AF Nguyen, Binh Thanh Lehmann, Johannes Kinyangi, James Smernik, Ron Riha, Susan J. Engelhard, Mark H. TI Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biochar; black carbon; charcoal; FTIR; long-term agriculture; XPS ID ORGANIC-MATTER; RAIN-FOREST; CHARCOAL; SEDIMENTS; MOBILITY; STATE; FIRE; NMR; TRANSFORMATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Black carbon (BC) is a quantitatively important C pool in the global C cycle due to its relative recalcitrance compared with other C pools. However, mechanisms of BC oxidation and accompanying molecular changes are largely unknown. In this study, the long-term dynamics in quality and quantity of BC were investigated in cultivated soil using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. BC particles and changes in BC stocks were obtained from soil collected in fields that were cleared from forest by fire at 8 different times in the past (2, 3, 5, 20, 30, 50, 80 and 100 years before sampling) in western Kenya. BC contents rapidly decreased from 12.7 to 3.8 mg C g(-1) soil during the first 30 years following deposition, after which they slowly decreased to a steady state at 3.5 mg C g(-1) soil. BC-derived C losses from the top 0.1 m over 100 years were estimated at 6,000 kg C ha(-1). The initial rapid changes in BC stocks resulted in a mean residence time of only around 8.3 years, which was likely a function of both decomposition as well as transport processes. The molecular properties of BC changed more rapidly on surfaces than in the interior of BC particles and more rapidly during the first 30 years than during the following 70 years. The Oc/C ratios (Oc is O bound to C) and carbonyl groups (C=O) increased over the first 10 and 30 years by 133 and 192%, respectively, indicating oxidation was an important process controlling BC quality. Al, Si, polysaccharides, and to a lesser extent Fe were found on BC particle surfaces within the first few years after BC deposition to soil. The protection by physical and chemical stabilization was apparently sufficient to not only minimize decomposition below detection between 30 and 100 years after deposition, but also physical export by erosion and vertical transport below 0.1 m. C1 [Nguyen, Binh Thanh; Lehmann, Johannes; Kinyangi, James] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smernik, Ron] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Riha, Susan J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Engelhard, Mark H.] PNNL, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lehmann, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM CL273@cornell.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Smernik, Ron/H-9905-2013; Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014; OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936; Smernik, Ronald/0000-0001-6033-5855; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Vietnam Education Foundation (VEF); Wu Fellowship; Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program; NSF [BCS-0215890]; Kenya government ministries of agriculture, livestock and environment and natural resources FX The financial support from the Vietnam Education Foundation (VEF) and the Wu Fellowship for Binh Nguyen is gratefully acknowledged. Support for sample analyses was obtained from the Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program of the Biocomplexity Initiative of the NSF under grant BCS-0215890. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of VEF or the National Science Foundation. Many thanks to Joseph Njeri, Lawrence Lanogwa and Wilson Okila for help in soil sample procurement. We also thank Brett Gleitsmann, Benjamin Amadalo, Lod Mise, Charles Mwoshi, Mr. Murgong, Hon. Daniel Otiende and Mr. Kima for maps and assistance in locating forest and agricultural conversion sites, establishing land cultivation ages and reconstruction of farmer cropping and land use histories. We are grateful for institutional support from the Kenya government ministries of agriculture, livestock and environment and natural resources, through their district offices in Nandi, Vihiga and Kakamega. A portion of this research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 45 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 111 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9220-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 338RV UT WOS:000258527300002 ER PT J AU Webb-Robertson, BJM Cannon, WR Oehmen, CS Shah, AR Gurumoorthi, V Lipton, MS Waters, KM AF Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Cannon, William R. Oehmen, Christopher S. Shah, Anuj R. Gurumoorthi, Vidhya Lipton, Mary S. Waters, Katrina M. TI A support vector machine model for the prediction of proteotypic peptides for accurate mass and time proteomics SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; GAS-PHASE; DISSOCIATION; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTRA; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; MS/MS; MS AB Motivation: The standard approach to identifying peptides based on accurate mass and elution time (AMT) compares profiles obtained from a high resolution mass spectrometer to a database of peptides previously identified from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies. It would be advantageous, with respect to both accuracy and cost, to only search for those peptides that are detectable by MS (proteotypic). Results: We present a support vector machine (SVM) model that uses a simple descriptor space based on 35 properties of amino acid content, charge, hydrophilicity and polarity for the quantitative prediction of proteotypic peptides. Using three independently derived AMT databases (Shewanella oneidensis, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia pestis) for training and validation within and across species, the SVM resulted in an average accuracy measure of 0.8 with a SD of 0.025. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these results are achievable with a small set of 12 variables and can achieve high proteome coverage. C1 [Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Cannon, William R.; Oehmen, Christopher S.; Shah, Anuj R.; Gurumoorthi, Vidhya; Lipton, Mary S.; Waters, Katrina M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Webb-Robertson, BJM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn218 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 319NE UT WOS:000257169700005 PM 18453551 ER PT J AU Tamura, M D'haeseleer, P AF Tamura, Makio D'haeseleer, Patrik TI Microbial genotype-phenotype mapping by class association rule mining SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA; METABOLIC NETWORKS; GENES; ORGANIZATION; DATABASE; GENOMES; PROTEINS; KEGG AB Motivation: Microbial phenotypes are typically due to the concerted action of multiple gene functions, yet the presence of each gene may have only a weak correlation with the observed phenotype. Hence, it may be more appropriate to examine co-occurrence between sets of genes and a phenotype (multiple-to-one) instead of pairwise relations between a single gene and the phenotype. Here, we propose an efficient class association rule mining algorithm, NETCAR, in order to extract sets of COGs (clusters of orthologous groups of proteins) associated with a phenotype from COG phylogenetic profiles and a phenotype profile. NETCAR takes into account the phylogenetic co-occurrence graph between COGs to restrict hypothesis space, and uses mutual information to evaluate the biconditional relation. Results: We examined the mining capability of pairwise and multiple-to-one association by using NETCAR to extract COGs relevant to six microbial phenotypes (aerobic, anaerobic, facultative, endospore, motility and Gram negative) from 11 969 unique COG profiles across 155 prokaryotic organisms. With the same level of false discovery rate, multiple-to-one association can extract about 10 times more relevant COGs than one-to-one association. We also reveal various topologies of association networks among COGs (modules) from extracted multiple-to-one correlation rules relevant with the six phenotypes; including a well-connected network for motility, a star-shaped network for aerobic and intermediate topologies for the other phenotypes. NETCAR outperforms a standard CAR mining algorithm, CARAPRIORI, while requiring several orders of magnitude less computational time for extracting 3-COG sets. C1 [Tamura, Makio; D'haeseleer, Patrik] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Comp Applicat & Res Dept, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Dept, Microbial Syst Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tamura, M (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. OI D'haeseleer, Patrik/0000-0003-0007-8150 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 1523 EP 1529 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn210 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 319NE UT WOS:000257169700008 PM 18467347 ER PT J AU Gilmore, JM Auberry, DL Sharp, JL White, AM Anderson, KK Daly, DS AF Gilmore, Jason M. Auberry, Deanna L. Sharp, Julia L. White, Amanda M. Anderson, Kevin K. Daly, Don S. TI A Bayesian estimator of proteinprotein association probabilities SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB The Bayesian Estimator of ProteinProtein Association Probabilities (BEPro(3)) is a software tool for estimating probabilities of proteinprotein association between bait and prey protein pairs using data from multiple-bait, multiple-replicate, protein liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry LCMS/MS affinity isolation experiments. C1 [Gilmore, Jason M.; Auberry, Deanna L.; White, Amanda M.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Daly, Don S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sharp, Julia L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Daly, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 1554 EP 1555 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn238 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 319NE UT WOS:000257169700018 PM 18499697 ER PT J AU Polpitiya, AD Qian, WJ Jaitly, N Petyuk, VA Adkins, JN Camp, DG Anderson, GA Smith, RD AF Polpitiya, Ashoka D. Qian, Wei-Jun Jaitly, Navdeep Petyuk, Vladislav A. Adkins, Joshua N. Camp, David G., II Anderson, Gordon A. Smith, Richard D. TI DAnTE: a statistical tool for quantitative analysis of -omics data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NORMALIZATION AB Data Analysis Tool Extension (DAnTE) is a statistical tool designed to address challenges associated with quantitative bottom-up, shotgun proteomics data. This tool has also been demonstrated for microarray data and can easily be extended to other high-throughput data types. DAnTE features selected normalization methods, missing value imputation algorithms, peptide-to-protein rollup methods, an extensive array of plotting functions and a comprehensive hypothesis-testing scheme that can handle unbalanced data and random effects. The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed to be very intuitive and user friendly. C1 [Polpitiya, Ashoka D.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Jaitly, Navdeep; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Adkins, Joshua N.; Camp, David G., II; Anderson, Gordon A.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Petyuk, Vladislav/0000-0003-4076-151X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, P41 RR018522-06, RR18522]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM-62119-02, U54 GM062119] NR 15 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 1556 EP 1558 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn217 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 319NE UT WOS:000257169700019 PM 18453552 ER PT J AU Kraaijeveld, K Denniff, M Baker, RH Chapman, T AF Kraaijeveld, Ken Denniff, Matthew Baker, Richard H. Chapman, Tracey TI The evolution of sperm and non-sperm producing organs in male Drosophila SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accessory gland length; copulation duration; phylogeny; sperm competition; testis length ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; MATING-FREQUENCY; ACCESSORY-GLAND; SEX-PEPTIDE; FRUIT-FLY; MELANOGASTER; COMPETITION; SEQUENCES; SELECTION AB The male ejaculate is made up of two components: sperm and non-sperm. There has been little consideration of how these two basic compartments evolve. If they are subject to trade-offs, theory predicts that when the sperm competition raffle is unfair, when seminal fluid proteins stimulate fecundity and/or when ejaculate components alter fertilization success, there will be differential selection on sperm versus non-sperm ejaculate characteristics. However, the fundamental assumption that there are trade-offs between sperm and non-sperm ejaculate compartments in Drosophila has not yet been tested. To address this, we examined testis (sperm producing) and accessory gland (non-sperm producing) size across 22 species of Drosophila. We also examined how these characters varied with copulation duration, which may represent an additional target for sperm competition. The results showed no evidence of a trade-off between testis length and accessory gland length. Copulation duration correlated negatively with accessory gland length and there was a positive correlation with testis length, but only after correcting for body size. Overall, the results suggest no evidence for gross trade-offs in sperm versus non-sperm compartments across these Drosophila species, and motivate more detailed examination of ejaculate investment patterns. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Chapman, Tracey] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Baker, Richard H.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Denniff, Matthew] Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Kraaijeveld, Ken] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Kraaijeveld, Ken; Denniff, Matthew; Baker, Richard H.; Chapman, Tracey] UCL, Dept Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Chapman, T (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM tracey.chapman@uea.ac.uk RI Chapman, Tracey/E-5100-2011 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01030.x PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314WW UT WOS:000256840900006 ER PT J AU Hou, SB Makarova, KS Saw, JHW Senin, P Ly, BV Zhou, ZM Ren, Y Wang, JM Galperin, MY Omelchenko, MV Wolf, YI Yutin, N Koonin, EV Stott, MB Mountain, BW Crowe, MA Smirnova, AV Dunfield, PF Feng, L Wang, L Alam, M AF Hou, Shaobin Makarova, Kira S. Saw, Jimmy H. W. Senin, Pavel Ly, Benjamin V. Zhou, Zhemin Ren, Yan Wang, Jianmei Galperin, Michael Y. Omelchenko, Marina V. Wolf, Yuri I. Yutin, Natalya Koonin, Eugene V. Stott, Matthew B. Mountain, Bruce W. Crowe, Michelle A. Smirnova, Angela V. Dunfield, Peter F. Feng, Lu Wang, Lei Alam, Maqsudul TI Complete genome sequence of the extremely acidophilic methanotroph isolate V4, Methylacidiphilum infernorum, a representative of the bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID METHYLOBACTERIUM-EXTORQUENS AM1; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; NUCLEAR-PORE-COMPLEX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; METHANE OXIDATION; SURROGATE METHODS; RNA GENES; SP NOV.; EVOLUTION AB Background: The phylum Verrucomicrobia is a widespread but poorly characterized bacterial clade. Although cultivation-independent approaches detect representatives of this phylum in a wide range of environments, including soils, seawater, hot springs and human gastrointestinal tract, only few have been isolated in pure culture. We have recently reported cultivation and initial characterization of an extremely acidophilic methanotrophic member of the Verrucomicrobia, strain V4, isolated from the Hell's Gate geothermal area in New Zealand. Similar organisms were independently isolated from geothermal systems in Italy and Russia. Results: We report the complete genome sequence of strain V4, the first one from a representative of the Verrucomicrobia. Isolate V4, initially named "Methylokorus infernorum" ( and recently renamed Methylacidiphilum infernorum) is an autotrophic bacterium with a streamlined genome of similar to 2.3 Mbp that encodes simple signal transduction pathways and has a limited potential for regulation of gene expression. Central metabolism of M. infernorum was reconstructed almost completely and revealed highly interconnected pathways of autotrophic central metabolism and modifications of C(l)-utilization pathways compared to other known methylotrophs. The M. infernorum genome does not encode tubulin, which was previously discovered in bacteria of the genus Prosthecobacter, or close homologs of any other signature eukaryotic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase subunits unequivocally supports grouping Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydiae into a single clade, the PVC superphylum, despite dramatically different gene content in members of these three groups. Comparative-genomic analysis suggests that evolution of the M. infernorum lineage involved extensive horizontal gene exchange with a variety of bacteria. The genome of M. infernorum shows apparent adaptations for existence under extremely acidic conditions including a major upward shift in the isoelectric points of proteins. Conclusion: The results of genome analysis of M. infernorum support the monophyly of the PVC superphylum. M. infernorum possesses a streamlined genome but seems to have acquired numerous genes including those for enzymes of methylotrophic pathways via horizontal gene transfer, in particular, from Proteobacteria. C1 [Zhou, Zhemin; Ren, Yan; Wang, Jianmei; Feng, Lu; Wang, Lei] Nankai Univ, TEDA Sch Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Hou, Shaobin; Saw, Jimmy H. W.; Senin, Pavel; Ly, Benjamin V.; Alam, Maqsudul] Univ Hawaii, Coll Nat Sci, Adv Studies Genom Prote & Bioinformat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Makarova, Kira S.; Galperin, Michael Y.; Omelchenko, Marina V.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Yutin, Natalya; Koonin, Eugene V.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Mountain, Bruce W.; Crowe, Michelle A.; Smirnova, Angela V.; Dunfield, Peter F.] Wairakei Res Ctr, Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Taupo, New Zealand. [Dunfield, Peter F.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Wang, Lei] Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mol Microbiol & Technol, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Saw, Jimmy H. W.; Alam, Maqsudul] Univ Hawaii, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Saw, Jimmy H. W.; Senin, Pavel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Nankai Univ, TEDA Sch Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. EM shaobin@hawaii.edu; makarova@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; jsaw@lanl.gov; seninp@gmail.com; binhl@hawaii.edu; jemmings@gmail.com; renyan198211@hotmail.com; jianmei_0311@hotmail.com; galperin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; omelchen@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; m.stott@gns.cri.nz; b.mountain@gns.cri.nz; koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; m.stott@gns.cri.nz; b.mountain@gns.cri.nz; m.crowe@gns.cri.nz; angelasmirnova@hotmail.com; pfdunfie@ucalgary.ca; fenglu63@nankai.edu.cn; wanglei@nankai.edu.cn; alam@hawaii.edu RI Wang, Lei/C-5176-2009; Saw, Jimmy/A-9972-2009; feng, lu/M-5113-2015; Dunfield, Peter/C-3105-2009; Galperin, Michael/B-5859-2013; OI Saw, Jimmy/0000-0001-8353-3854; Galperin, Michael/0000-0002-2265-5572; Senin, Pavel/0000-0001-5517-7768; Hou, Shaobin/0000-0003-3467-8242 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 LM999999] NR 100 TC 83 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 43 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 3 AR 26 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-3-26 PG 25 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 328NH UT WOS:000257804600001 PM 18593465 ER PT J AU Xu, MG You, Y Hunsicker, P Hori, T Small, C Griswold, MD Hecht, NB AF Xu, Mingang You, Yun Hunsicker, Patricia Hori, Tamaki Small, Chris Griswold, Michael D. Hecht, Norman B. TI Mice deficient for a small cluster of Piwi-interacting RNAs implicate Piwi-interacting RNAs in transposon control SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE gametogenesis; gene regulation; male reproductive tract; piRNA; spermatogenesis; testis; transposon ID MALE GERM-CELLS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOUSE TESTIS; EXPRESSION; PIRNAS; PROTEIN; LINE-1; MAINTENANCE; SPERMATOGENESIS; ELEMENTS AB The mammalian testis expresses a class of small noncoding RNAs that interact with mammalian PIWI proteins. In mice, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) partner with mammalian PIWI proteins, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2, also known as MIWI and MILI, to maintain transposon silencing in the germline genome. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of Nct1/2, two noncoding RNAs encoding piRNAs, leads to derepression of LINE-1 (L1) but does not affect mouse viability, spermatogenesis, testicular gene expression, or fertility. These findings indicate that piRNAs from a cluster on chromosome 2 are necessary to maintain transposon silencing. C1 [Xu, Mingang; Hori, Tamaki; Hecht, Norman B.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Res Reprod & Womens Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [You, Yun; Hunsicker, Patricia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Small, Chris; Griswold, Michael D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hecht, NB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Res Reprod & Womens Hlth, 1310 Biomed Res Bldg,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM nhecht@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD010808, R01 HD035494, HD 28832, R01 HD035494-09] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.108.068072 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 316LK UT WOS:000256950900007 PM 18401007 ER PT J AU Veld, PJ Stevens, MJ AF Veld, Pieter J. in't Stevens, Mark J. TI Simulation of the mechanical strength of a single collagen molecule SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DNA; FORCE; ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; FIBRILS; FIBERS; ENERGY AB We perform atomistic simulations on a single collagen molecule to determine its intrinsic molecular strength. A tensile pull simulation to determine the tensile strength and Young's modulus is performed, and a simulation that separates two of the three helices of collagen examines the internal strength of the molecule. The magnitude of the calculated tensile forces is consistent with the strong forces of bond stretching and angle bending that are involved in the tensile deformation. The triple helix unwinds with increasing tensile force. Pulling apart the triple helix has a smaller, oscillatory force. The oscillations are due to the sequential separation of the hydrogen-bonded helices. The force rises due to reorienting the residues in the direction of the separation force. The force drop occurs once the hydrogen bond between residues on different helices break and the residues separate. C1 [Veld, Pieter J. in't; Stevens, Mark J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM msteve@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.120659 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 312JR UT WOS:000256668200008 ER PT J AU Munro, JB Vaiana, A Sanbonmatsu, KY Blanchard, SC AF Munro, James B. Vaiana, Andrea Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y. Blanchard, Scott C. TI A new view of protein synthesis: Mapping the free energy landscape of the ribosome using single-molecule FRET SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Review DE single-molecule; FRET; ribosome; translation; tRNA ID ELONGATION-FACTOR-G; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLOCATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOMES; PEPTIDYL-TRANSFER-RNA; 70S RIBOSOME; HYBRID-STATE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; GTP HYDROLYSIS AB This article reviews the application of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) methods to the study of protein synthesis catalyzed by the ribosome. smFRET is a powerful new technique that can be used to investigate dynamic processes within enzymes spanning many orders of magnitude. The application of wide-field smFRET imaging methods to the study of dynamic processes in the ribosome offers a new perspective on the mechanism of protein synthesis. Using this technique, the structural and kinetic parameters Of tRNA motions within wild-type and specifically mutated ribosome complexes have been obtained that provide valuable new insights into the mechanism and regulation of translation elongation. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of current knowledge of the ribosome mechanism from both structural and biophysical perspectives. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Munro, James B.; Blanchard, Scott C.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vaiana, Andrea; Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Blanchard, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM scb2005@med.cornell.edu RI Blanchard, Scott/A-5804-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM079238-02, R01 GM079238, R01 GM072686] NR 122 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1002/bip.20961 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 293CZ UT WOS:000255313700001 PM 18286627 ER PT J AU Tatke, SS Loong, CK D'Souza, N Schoephoerster, RT Prabhakaran, M AF Tatke, Sujit S. Loong, Chun K. D'Souza, Nicolas Schoephoerster, Richard T. Prabhakaran, M. TI Large scale motions in a biosensor protein glucose oxidase: a combined approach by DENS, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamics studies SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE quasi neutron elastic scattering; molecular dynamics; normal mode analysis; glucose oxidase ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SIMULATIONS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; MACROMOLECULES; TEMPERATURE; ENZYME AB The characteristics of the glucose oxidase were studied using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques. Quasi elastic neutron scattering experiments were used to obtain the vibrational frequencies of the protein. These were compared to theoretical results obtained by normal mode analysis. Results indicate a good match between the experimental and theoretical values. Molecular dynamic simulation with covariant analysis was used to study the structure and dynamics of glucose oxidase. Various parameters like the radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuations, solvent accessibility were studied for evaluating the structural stability of the protein. The frequency of vibration calculated from the three methods is used to derive the large scale motions. Theses studies were used to predict the suitable lysine residues for linkage with carbon nanotubes. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Tatke, Sujit S.; Schoephoerster, Richard T.; Prabhakaran, M.] FL Int Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Miami, FL USA. [Loong, Chun K.; D'Souza, Nicolas] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prabhakaran, M (reprint author), FL Int Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Miami, FL USA. EM prabha@prodigymeter.com RI de Souza, Nicolas/B-4257-2008 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 582 EP 594 DI 10.1002/bip.20956 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 293CZ UT WOS:000255313700003 PM 18273893 ER PT J AU Selig, MJ Knoshaug, EP Adney, WS Himmel, ME Decker, SR AF Selig, Michael J. Knoshaug, Eric P. Adney, William S. Himmel, Michael E. Decker, Stephen R. TI Synergistic enhancement of cellobiohydrolase performance on pretreated corn stover by addition of xylanase and esterase activities SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic; pretreatment; cellulase; xylanase; esterase ID CLOSTRIDIUM-CELLULOVORANS; HUMICOLA-INSOLENS; PENICILLIUM-PINOPHILUM; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; BIOMASS PRETREATMENT; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ENZYME COMPONENTS; FUNGAL CELLULASE; LIGNIN REMOVAL; OAT HULLS AB Significant increases in the depolymerization of corn stover cellulose by cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei were observed using small quantities of non-cellulolytic cell wall-degrading enzymes. Purified endoxylanase (XynA), ferulic acid esterase (FaeA), and acetyl xylan esterase (Axel) all enhanced Cel7A performance on corn stover subjected to hot water pretreatment. In all cases, the addition of these activities improved the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of the quantity of cellulose converted per milligram of total protein. Improvement in cellobiose release by the addition of the non-cellulolytic enzymes ranged from a 13-84% increase over Cel7A alone. The most effective combinations included the addition of both XynA and Axel, which synergistically enhance xylan conversions resulting in additional synergistic improvements in glucan conversion. Additionally, we note a direct relationship between enzymatic xylan removal in the presence of XynA and the enhancement of cellulose hydrolysis by Cel7A. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Selig, Michael J.; Adney, William S.; Himmel, Michael E.; Decker, Stephen R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Knoshaug, Eric P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Selig, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael_selig@nrel.gov NR 38 TC 144 Z9 154 U1 8 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 99 IS 11 BP 4997 EP 5005 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.064 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 303OT UT WOS:000256050500063 PM 18006303 ER PT J AU Kleissl, J Gomez, J Hong, SH Hendrickx, JMH Rahn, T Defoor, WL AF Kleissl, J. Gomez, J. Hong, S. -H. Hendrickx, J. M. H. Rahn, T. Defoor, W. L. TI Large aperture scintillometer intercomparison study SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE instrument intercomparison; large aperture scintillometer; sensible heat flux ID SURFACE-LAYER FLUXES; OPTICAL SCINTILLATION; STRUCTURE PARAMETER; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SENSIBLE HEAT; TEMPERATURE; MOMENTUM; FOREST; AREAS AB Two field studies with six large aperture scintillometers (LASs) were performed using horizontal and slant paths. The accuracy of this novel and increasingly popular technique for measuring sensible heat fluxes was quantified by comparing measurements from different instruments over nearly identical transects. Random errors in LAS measurements were small, since correlation coefficients between adjacent measurements were greater than 0.995. However, for an ideal set-up differences in linear regression slopes of up to 21% were observed with typical inter-instrument differences of 6%. Differences of 10% are typical in more realistic measurement scenarios over homogeneous natural vegetation and different transect heights and locations. Inaccuracies in the optics, which affect the effective aperture diameter, are the most likely explanation for the observed differences. C1 [Kleissl, J.; Gomez, J.; Hong, S. -H.; Hendrickx, J. M. H.; Defoor, W. L.] Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kleissl, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jkleissl@ucsd.edu RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; OI Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10546-008-9274-1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 309QT UT WOS:000256476000007 ER PT J AU Chitnis, N Hyman, JM Cushing, JM AF Chitnis, Nakul Hyman, James M. Cushing, Jim M. TI Determining important parameters in the spread of malaria through the sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; epidemic model; sensitivity analysis; reproductive number; endemic equilibria ID MOSQUITOS VECTORIAL CAPACITY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATED BED NETS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; WESTERN KENYA; INTERMITTENT TREATMENT; INSECTICIDAL IMPACT; AGE-COMPOSITION; FUNESTUS GILES; TRANSMISSION AB We perform sensitivity analyses on a mathematical model of malaria transmission to determine the relative importance of model parameters to disease transmission and prevalence. We compile two sets of baseline parameter values: one for areas of high transmission and one for low transmission. We compute sensitivity indices of the reproductive number (which measures initial disease transmission) and the endemic equilibrium point (which measures disease prevalence) to the parameters at the baseline values. We find that in areas of low transmission, the reproductive number and the equilibrium proportion of infectious humans are most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate. In areas of high transmission, the reproductive number is again most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate, but the equilibrium proportion of infectious humans is most sensitive to the human recovery rate. This suggests strategies that target the mosquito biting rate (such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying) and those that target the human recovery rate (such as the prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious individuals) can be successful in controlling malaria. C1 [Chitnis, Nakul] Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Chitnis, Nakul; Hyman, James M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chitnis, Nakul; Cushing, Jim M.] Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hyman, James M.; Cushing, Jim M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chitnis, N (reprint author), Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Socinstr 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. EM nakul.chitnis@unibas.ch RI Chitnis, Nakul/B-3105-2013; OI Chitnis, Nakul/0000-0002-1103-9141 NR 44 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 EI 1522-9602 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1296 DI 10.1007/s11538-008-9299-0 PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 325KZ UT WOS:000257589100002 PM 18293044 ER PT J AU Kim, DJ Shen, DN Yoon, SH Choe, SY Kaufman, DY AF Kim, Dong-Joo Shen, Dongna Yoon, Sang H. Choe, Song-Yul Kaufman, David Y. TI Effect of Ru and LaNiO3 barrier layers on lead zirconate titanate films grown on nickel-based metal foils by sol-gel process SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE sol-gel processes; dielectric properties; PZT; barrier layer ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr-0.52, Ti-0.48)O-3 (PZT)] films were grown by sol-gel process on nickel and hastelloy foils. PZT perovskite phase was obtained at 650 degrees C annealing condition and surface topography showed uniform and dense microstructure. The characterization on dielectric properties indicates that diffusion of foil elements into the PZT and the formation of low capacitance interfacial layer occur during process. In order to reduce the diffusion effect of foil element and/or interfacial layer, barrier layers such as Ru(RuO2) and LaNiO3 layers were utilized on foil substrates. The increase of grain size was observed in PZT films grown on barrier layers. Dielectric properties are greatly improved without degrading ultimate dielectric breakdown strength. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Dong-Joo; Shen, Dongna; Yoon, Sang H.] Auburn Univ, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kaufman, David Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, DJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dkim@eng.auburn.edu RI KIM, DONG-JOO/C-2277-2008 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.03.017 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 316LE UT WOS:000256950300020 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Sumant, AV AF Butler, James E. Sumant, Anirudha V. TI The CVD of nanodiamond materials SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Review DE growth; nanocrystalline diamond; nucleation; ultra-nanocrystalline diamond ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPED ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE PLASMA CVD; SILICON-ON-DIAMOND; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; THIN-FILMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB The growth and characteristics of nanocrystalline diamond thin films with thicknesses from 20 nm to less than 5 mu m are reviewed. These materials contain between 95% and >99.9% diamond crystallites, the balance being made up from other forms of carbon. Within this class of materials there is a continuous range of composition, characteristics, and properties which depend on the nucleation and growth conditions. It is convenient to classify these films as either ultra-nanocrystalline-diamond (UNCD) or nanocrystalline-diamond (NCD) based on their microstructure, properties, and growth environment. In general, UNCD materials are composed of small particles of diamond ca. 2-5 nm in size with sp(2)-carbon bonding between the particles. UNCD is usually grown in argon-rich, hydrogen-poor CVD environments, and may contain up to 95-98% sp(3)-bonded carbon. NCD materials start with high density nucleation, initiating nanometer-sized diamond domains which grow in a columnar manner with the grain size coarsening with thickness. NCD is generally grown in carbon-lean and hydrogen-rich environments. NCD and UNCD exhibit an interesting range of physical properties which find use in X-ray windows and lithography, micro- and nanomechanical and optical resonators, tribological shaft seats and atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, electron field emitters, platforms for chemical and DNA sensing, and many other applications. C1 [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, GasSurface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sumant, Anirudha V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, GasSurface Dynam Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.butler@nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory; DARPA/MTO; US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory and DARPA/MTO. The use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. JEB thanks S. Rotter, T. Feygelson, K. Hobart, and H. Windischmann for their assistance on NCD. AVS thanks his collaborators Orlando Auciello, Robert W. Carpick, David Grierson, John Carlisle. and PUPA Gilbert on the work on UNCD. The authors thank the referees for constructive comments. NR 157 TC 152 Z9 156 U1 8 U2 140 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7-8 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1002/cvde.200700037 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 349SD UT WOS:000259302700002 ER PT J AU You, ZY Liang, YT Mao, YJ AF You Zheng-Yun Liang Yu-Tie Mao Ya-Jun TI A method for detector description exchange among ROOT GEANT4 and GEANT3 SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE detector description; GDML; GEANT3; GEANT4; ROOT AB GEANT3 and GEANT4 are the detector simulation software programs that are widely used in most nuclear and particle physics experiments. ROOT is a program for framework. data analysis, online and offline software. Detector description is an important function in all these programs. Due to different detector construction methods and respective detector data representative, it is difficult to exchange the detector data among them. A new method based on GDML is developed to automatically convert the detector data among ROOT, GEANT4 and GEANT3. Any existing detector geometry in one program can be mapped to the geometry in the other two programs. In the software development of an experiment, different applications can share and reuse the same detector description. The application of this method in the PHENIX experiment upgrade and PHENIX Forward Vertex Silicon detector design is introduced. C1 [You Zheng-Yun; Liang Yu-Tie; Mao Ya-Jun] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [You Zheng-Yun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP You, ZY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM youzy@hep.pku.edu.cn; maoyj@hep.pku.edu.cn FU NSFC [10675004, 10375002]; Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China FX Supported by NSFC (10675004, 10375002) and Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 444OD UT WOS:000265989400012 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Crowley, TJ Erickson, DJ Govindasamy, B Duffy, PB Lee, BY AF Kim, Seong-Joong Crowley, Thomas J. Erickson, David J. Govindasamy, Bala Duffy, Phillip B. Lee, Bang Yong TI High-resolution climate simulation of the last glacial maximum SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; MODEL SIMULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE; WESTERN SIBERIA; INDIAN MONSOON AB The climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) is simulated with a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model, the NCAR CCM3 at spectral truncation of T170, corresponding to a grid cell size of roughly 75 km. The purpose of the study is to assess whether there are significant benefits from the higher resolution simulation compared to the lower resolution simulation associated with the role of topography. The LGM simulations were forced with modified CLIMAP sea ice distribution and sea surface temperatures (SST) reduced by 1 degrees C, ice sheet topography, reduced CO2, and 21,000 BP orbital parameters. The high-resolution model captures modern climate reasonably well, in particular the distribution of heavy precipitation in the tropical Pacific. For the ice age case, surface temperature simulated by the high-resolution model agrees better with those of proxy estimates than does the low-resolution model. Despite the fact that tropical SSTs were only 2.1 degrees C less than the control run, there are many lowland tropical land areas 4-6 degrees C colder than present. Comparison of T170 model results with the best constrained proxy temperature estimates (noble gas concentrations in groundwater) now yield no significant differences between model and observations. There are also significant upland temperature changes in the best resolved tropical mountain belt (the Andes). We provisionally attribute this result in part as resulting from decreased lateral mixing between ocean and land in a model with more model grid cells. A longstanding model-data discrepancy therefore appears to be resolved without invoking any unusual model physics. The response of the Asian summer monsoon can also be more clearly linked to local geography in the high-resolution model than in the low-resolution model; this distinction should enable more confident validation of climate proxy data with the high-resolution model. Elsewhere, an inferred salinity increase in the subtropical North Atlantic may have significant implications for ocean circulation changes during the LGM. A large part of the Amazon and Congo Basins are simulated to be substantially drier in the ice age-consistent with many (but not all) paleo data. These results suggest that there are considerable benefits derived from high-resolution model regarding regional climate responses, and that observationalists can now compare their results with models that resolve geography at a resolution comparable to that which the proxy data represent. C1 [Kim, Seong-Joong; Lee, Bang Yong] KORDI, Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon 406840, South Korea. [Crowley, Thomas J.] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Erickson, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Govindasamy, Bala; Duffy, Phillip B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, SJ (reprint author), KORDI, Korea Polar Res Inst, POB 32, Inchon 406840, South Korea. EM seongjkim@kopri.re.kr; thomas.crowley@ed.ac.uk; ericksondj@ornl.gov; bala@llnl.gov; pduffy@llnl.gov; bylee@kopri.re.kr NR 99 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0332-z PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301CZ UT WOS:000255875300001 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, N Hawkes, ER Chen, JH Cant, RS AF Chakraborty, N. Hawkes, E. R. Chen, J. H. Cant, R. S. TI The effects of strain rate and curvature on surface density function transport in turbulent premixed methane-air and hydrogen-air flames: A comparative study SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE surface density function (SDF); direct numerical simulation (DNS); tangential strain rate; curvature; propagation ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; REACTION ZONES REGIME; LEWIS NUMBER; COMBUSTION; EQUATION; STRETCH; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB The effects of tangential strain rate and curvature on the surface density function (SDF) and on source terms within the SDF transport equation are studied for lean methane-air and hydrogen-air flames using two-dimensional direct numerical simulations with detailed chemistry. A positive correlation is observed between the SDF and the tangential strain rate, and this is explained in terms of the interaction between the local tangential strain rate and the dilatation rate due to heat release. Curvature is also seen to affect the SDF through the curvature response of both tangential strain rate and dilatation rate on a given flame isosurface. Strain rate and curvature are found to have an appreciable effect on several terms of the SDF transport equation. The SDF straining term in both methane and hydrogen flames is correlated positively with tangential strain rate, as expected, and is also correlated negatively with curvature. For methane flames, the SDF propagation term is found to correlate negatively with flame curvature toward the reactant side of the flame and positively toward the product side. By contrast, for hydrogen flames the SDF propagation term is negatively correlated with curvature throughout the flame brush. The variation of the SDF curvature term with local flame curvature for both methane and hydrogen flames is found to be nonlinear due to the additional stretch induced by the tangential diffusion component of the displacement speed. Physical explanations are provided for all of these effects, and the modeling implications are considered in detail. (C) 2008 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chakraborty, N.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. [Hawkes, E. R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chen, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Cant, R. S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. RP Chakraborty, N (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM n.chakraborty@liverpool.ac.uk RI Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012; OI Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951; Chakraborty, Nilanjan/0000-0003-1690-2036 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.015 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 319PB UT WOS:000257174900020 ER PT J AU Rosswog, S Ramirez-Ruiz, E Hix, WR Dan, M AF Rosswog, Stephan Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Hix, W. Raphael Dan, M. TI Simulating black hole white dwarf encounters SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Physics CY SEP 05-08, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE meshfree Lagrangian hydrodynamics; nuclear reactions; reactive flows; black holes ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; MERGING NEUTRON-STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER G1; ACCRETION DISKS; ENERGY; EVOLUTION; BINARIES; EQUATION; GALAXIES; NETWORK AB The existence of supermassive black holes lurking in the centers of galaxies and of stellar binary systems containing a black hole with a few solar masses has been established beyond reasonable doubt. The idea that black holes of intermediate masses (similar to 1000M(circle dot)) may exist in globular star clusters has gained credence over recent years but no conclusive evidence has been established yet. An attractive feature of this hypothesis is the potential to not only disrupt solar-type stars but also compact white dwarf stars. In close encounters the white dwarfs can be sufficiently compressed to thermonuclearly explode. The detection of an underluminous thermonuclear explosion accompanied by a soft, transient X-ray signal would be compelling evidence for the presence of intermediate mass black holes in stellar clusters. In this paper we focus on the numerical techniques used to simulate the entire disruption process from the initial parabolic orbit, over the nuclear energy release during tidal compression, the subsequent ejection of freshly synthesized material and the formation process of an accretion disk around the black hole. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosswog, Stephan; Dan, M.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hix, W. Raphael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rosswog, S (reprint author), Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. EM s.rosswog@jacobs-university.de RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.01.031 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 324SU UT WOS:000257539600035 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Phuoc, Tran X. TI Pulsatile flow of blood using a modified second-grade fluid model SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE unsteady pulsatile flow; blood; modified second-grade fluid; body acceleration ID PERIODIC BODY ACCELERATION; NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; MACROSCOPIC RIGID SPHERES; HERSCHEL-BULKLEY FLUID; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CONTINUUM THEORY; POISEUILLE FLOW; STENOSED ARTERIES; DIFFERENTIAL TYPE; SUSPENSIONS AB We study the unsteady pulsatile flow of blood in ail artery, where the effects of body acceleration are included. The blood is modeled as a modified second-grade fluid where the viscosity and the normal stress coefficients depend oil the shear rate. It is assumed that the blood near the wall behaves as a Newtonian fluid, and in the core as a non-Newtonian fluid. This phenomenon is also known as the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect. The equations are made dimensionless and solved numerically. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad; Phuoc, Tran X.] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 54 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2007.07.018 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 311NJ UT WOS:000256606600019 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Marcille, TF Kapernick, R AF Zhang, J. Marcille, T. F. Kapernick, R. TI Theoretical analysis of corrosion by liquid sodium and sodium-potassium alloys SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE liquid metal; model; sodium-potassium alloy ID STAINLESS-STEEL; LOOP SYSTEMS; FE; CR AB Sodium and its alloys such as sodium-potassium (NaK) have been used or considered as coolants in nuclear reactors, including space reactor systems. One potentially serious problem of using a liquid metal/alloy as a coolant is its corrosive effect on its container materials. In the present study, an analytical model has been developed to analyze the corrosionl deposition rates of steels exposed to flowing NaK and Na. In this model, the diffusion of steel constituents in the solid and the transport of the corrosion products in the liquid are coupled at the liquid/solid interface. The model can be used to predict the steel constituent distributions in the corrosion layer as well as recession of the solid walls. Both isothermal and non-isothermal cases are considered. It is expected that the theoretical model can serve as a tool for structure material selection and for the design of the structural components in a liquid metal reactor. C1 [Zhang, J.; Marcille, T. F.; Kapernick, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Nucl Syst Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Nucl Syst Engn, MS K-575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 IS 7 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325WX UT WOS:000257620500001 ER PT J AU Lian, T Gdowski, GE Hailey, PD Rebak, RB AF Lian, T. Gdowski, G. E. Hailey, P. D. Rebak, R. B. TI Crevice corrosion resistance of Alloy 22 in high-nitrate, high-temperature dust deliquescence environments SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE deliquescence; high temperature; potassium; nitrate; sodium chloride; UNSN06022 ID COBALT-BASED ALLOYS; CHLORIDE; NICKEL; CRACKING AB Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) has been selected as the corrosion-resistant barrier for the nuclear waste containers in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in the presence of hot chloride-containing solutions. The nitrate ion (NO(3)(-)) is an inhibitor for crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 in chloride (Cl(-))-containing aqueous solutions. The higher the ratio, R = [NO(3)(-)]/[Cl(-)], is in the solution, the stronger the inhibition of crevice corrosion by nitrate. Atmospheric desert dust contains both chloride and nitrate salts, generally based on sodium (Na(+)) and potassium (K(+)). Some of these salts may deliquesce at relatively low humidity at temperatures on the order of 150 degrees C. The resulting deliquesced brines are highly concentrated and especially rich in nitrate (Ratios R >> 1). Electrochemical tests have been performed to explore the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in high-chloride and high-nitrate electrolytes at temperatures as high as 150 degrees C at ambient pressure. Tests showed that the short-term value of the corrosion potential was different in Ca-based brines than in Na + K-based brines. Polarization results show that Alloy 22 did not suffer crevice corrosion for R values higher than approximately 2. That is, the inhibitive effect of nitrate on crevice corrosion is still active for temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. Results also show that Alloy 22 will not suffer crevice corrosion at ambient Pressure at temperatures approximately 120 degrees C and higher, since only nitrate-rich solutions can be formed in these conditions. C1 [Lian, T.; Gdowski, G. E.; Hailey, P. D.; Rebak, R. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rebak@ge.com OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 IS 7 BP 613 EP 623 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325WX UT WOS:000257620500006 ER PT J AU Green, BA Meyer, HM Benson, RS Yokoyama, Y Liaw, PK Liu, CT AF Green, B. A. Meyer, H. M. Benson, R. S. Yokoyama, Y. Liaw, P. K. Liu, C. T. TI A study of the corrosion behaviour of Zr50Cu(40-x)Al10Pdx bulk metallic glasses with scanning Auger microanalysis SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zirconium; alloy; glass; AES; pitting corrosion ID ZR65AL7.5NI10CU17.5 AMORPHOUS ALLOY; PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; PITTING CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; ANODIC-POLARIZATION; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS AB The anodic-polarization behaviours of Zr50Cu40Al10 and Zr50Cu33Al10Pd7 (atomic, at., %) bulk metallic glasses were investigated in aerated and deaerated 0.6 M NaCl. Polarization in both environments yielded similar results. Initial anodic-polarization of both alloys demonstrated that small increases in the applied potential resulted in significant increases in the current density. Continued polarization produced diffusion controlled polarization. Scanning Auger microanalysis was used to analyze the corrosion pits. Pits formed on both BMGs were enriched with Cu and Cl. Palladium enrichment was also observed in pits on Zr50Cu33Al10Pd7. A corrosion mechanism related to the formation of CuCl and CU(2)0 is proposed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Green, B. A.; Benson, R. S.; Liaw, P. K.; Liu, C. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Meyer, H. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yokoyama, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Adv Res Ctr Met Glasses, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Green, BA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bgreen5@utk.edu RI Yokoyama, Yoshihiko/A-8603-2011 FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT); Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) Program on Materials Lifetime Science and Engineering. Program directors are Drs. C. Van Hartvesldt, L. Clesceri, J. Gordian, W. Jennings, and L. Goldberg. The Auger work was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-000R22725. The authors are grateful to C. Carmichael at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for technical assistance with the arc melter. Also, the authors thank Dr. M.P. Brady at ORNL and A. Chuang, E. Barker, R. Landis, I.E. Paulauskas, I. Sen, C.P. Stephens, and T. Washington at The University of Tennessee for fruitful discussions. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1825 EP 1832 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.03.011 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 338XV UT WOS:000258543600004 ER PT J AU Godeke, A den Ouden, A Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ AF Godeke, A. den Ouden, A. Nijhuis, A. ten Kate, H. H. J. TI State of the art powder-in-tube niobium-tin superconductors SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE powder-in-tube niobium-tin; Nb3Sn; superconducting wire ID FIELD ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; NB3SN SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSVERSE PRESSURE; ECN-TECHNIQUE; WIRE; CONDUCTORS; STRAIN; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE AB Powder-in-tube (PIT) processed niobium-tin wires are commercially manufactured for nearly three decades and have demonstrated a combination of very high current density (presently up to 2500 A mm(-2) non-Cu at 12 T and 4.2 K) with fine (35 mu m), well separated filaments. We review the developments that have led to the present state of the art PIT niobium-tin wires, discuss the wire manufacturing and A15 formation processes, and describe typical superconducting performance in relation to magnetic field and strain. We further highlight successful applications of PIT wires and conclude with an outlook on possibilities for further improvements in the performance of PIT niobium-tin wires. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Godeke, A.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [den Ouden, A.; Nijhuis, A.; ten Kate, H. H. J.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, Low Temp Div, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM agodeke@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The microstructural and microchemistry analysis presented in this publication summarize results that were obtained at the Applied Superconductivity Center in Madison, WI, USA (now at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA). This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.04.003 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 337LA UT WOS:000258436400004 ER PT J AU Dietderich, DR Godeke, A AF Dietderich, D. R. Godeke, A. TI Nb3Sn research and development in the USA - Wires and cables SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE niobium-tin; Nb3Sn; superconducting wire; high energy physics ID ARTIFICIAL PINNING MICROSTRUCTURES; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS; CONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT; TRANSVERSE PRESSURE; SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY; ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; DIPOLE MAGNET; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY AB We summarize the status of Nb3Sn development in the USA. The US conductor development program (CDP), initiated in 1999, has resulted in commercial wires that carry more than 3 kAmm(-2) at 12 T and 4.2 K. These high current Nb3Sn wires have successfully been cabled and used in accelerator magnets that achieved record magnetic fields. This article describes the CDP, its achievements, and the manufacturers involved. We discuss low magnetic field instability in magnets that re-emerged through the use of very high current density Nb3Sn wires, and solutions that address these stability problems. It is shown how cabling of high current wires is a balance between edge deformation and mechanical stability of the cable, and an empirical cable recipe is described. The article concludes with an outlook for possible future methods to optimize, and further increase, the current carrying capacity in Nb3Sn at medium magnetic fields. The article describes how record current density Nb3Sn wires have to be implemented in accelerator type magnets, to achieve magnetic fields that approach the performance limitations of Nb3Sn. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dietderich, D. R.; Godeke, A.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dietderich, DR (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM drdietderich@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to acknowledge valuable contributions from collaborators within the US large hadron collider accelerator R&D program (LARP), the US conductor development program (CDP), and Oxford Superconducting Technology (OST), as well as valuable discussions with R. M. Scanlan. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.05.004 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 337LA UT WOS:000258436400007 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC Custelcean, R Ramey, JO Kolopus, JA Jin, RY Neal, JS Wisniewski, DJ Boatner, LA AF Chakoumakos, B. C. Custelcean, R. Ramey, J. O. Kolopus, J. A. Jin, Rongying Neal, J. S. Wisniewski, D. J. Boatner, L. A. TI Cerium chloride-methanol adduct crystals, CeCl3(CH3OH)(4): Preparation, crystallography, and scintillation properties SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; LANTHANIDE; SOLVATION; PRASEODYMIUM; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITY; SPECTRA AB A new methanol adduct of cerium trichloride of composition CeCl3(CH3OH)(4) was crystallized from a solution growth in methanol. Large single crystals (more than several cubic centimeters) have been, grown in controlled temperature baths. The molecular adduct of composition Ce2Cl6(CH3OH)(8) is determined from X-ray crystal structure analysis, and this molecule undoubtedly persists in solution as well. Motivations for studying these compounds are their promising unique scintillation properties for radiation detection applications and the model structural systems they provide for the realization of new low-dimensional quantum magnets. This material apparently represents the first example of a metal-organic scintillator that is applicable to X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutron detection. C1 [Ramey, J. O.; Kolopus, J. A.; Neal, J. S.; Wisniewski, D. J.; Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ORNL Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chakoumakos, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Custelcean, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ramey, J. O.; Kolopus, J. A.; Jin, Rongying; Wisniewski, D. J.; Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Neal, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boatner, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ORNL Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM boatnerla@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2070 EP 2072 DI 10.1021/cg800136p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 322XI UT WOS:000257408200007 ER PT J AU Thallapally, PK McGrail, PB Dalgarno, SJ Atwood, JL AF Thallapally, Praveen K. McGrail, Peter B. Dalgarno, Scott J. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Gas/solvent-induced transformation and expansion of a nonporous solid to 1 : 1 host guest form SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMER; ORGANIC-SOLIDS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; METHANE; SORPTION; HYDROGEN; BEHAVIOR; STORAGE AB Both gas (CO2, N2O and propane) and solvent (CS2 and acetone) molecules can induce the transformation and expansion of the guest free thermodynamic form of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene to a 1:1 host:guest form. C1 [Thallapally, Praveen K.; McGrail, Peter B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dalgarno, Scott J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Chem, Sch Engn & Phys Sci Chem, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thallapally, PK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Praveen.thallapally@pnl.gov RI thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014; Dalgarno, Scott/A-7358-2010 OI thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467; Dalgarno, Scott/0000-0001-7831-012X NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2090 EP 2092 DI 10.1021/cg800347n PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 322XI UT WOS:000257408200013 ER PT J AU Perez, Y Eid, D Acosta, F Marin-Garcia, L Jakoncic, J Stojanoff, V Frontana-Uribe, BA Moreno, A AF Perez, Yobana Eid, Desir Acosta, Francisco Marin-Garcia, Liliana Jakoncic, Jean Stojanoff, Vivian Frontana-Uribe, Bernardo A. Moreno, Abel TI Electrochemically assisted protein crystallization of commercial cytochrome c without previous purification SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; LYSOZYME; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; GROWTH; HETEROGENEITY; BIOSENSORS; GEL AB The electrochemically assisted crystallization of nonpurified (commercial purity) cytochrome c was successfully achieved inside of small cell of a dynamic light scattering (DLS) apparatus. The method combined batch crystallization conditions and an internal electrical field to favor the nucleation stage. This methodology crystallizes commercial cytochrome c without previous isoforms separation, decreasing costs and experimental time to obtain crystals. The effect of the electric field on the aggregation time and on the protein nucleation was observed in real time by means of DLS. The results showed a marked decrease of the crystallization time (from 45 days to 5 days) highly improving the previously reported method of crystallization. The HPLC analysis of redissolved crystals showed that the protein corresponds to the same isoform previously crystallized by microseeding. The excellent quality of the cytochrome c crystals obtained in the presence of electrical current was revealed by X-ray crystallography; the diffraction reached 1 angstrom of resolution. C1 [Perez, Yobana; Eid, Desir; Acosta, Francisco; Marin-Garcia, Liliana; Frontana-Uribe, Bernardo A.; Moreno, Abel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Marin-Garcia, Liliana; Jakoncic, Jean; Stojanoff, Vivian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Frontana-Uribe, BA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior,CU, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM bafrontu@servidor.unam.mx RI Uribe, Bernardo/B-4660-2011; stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI Uribe, Bernardo/0000-0003-3796-5933; stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2493 EP 2496 DI 10.1021/cg800135s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 322XI UT WOS:000257408200076 ER PT J AU Boyd, PW Gall, MP Silver, MW Coale, SL Bidigare, RR Bishop, JLKB AF Boyd, Philip W. Gall, Mark P. Silver, Mary W. Coale, Susan L. Bidigare, Robert R. Bishop, James L. K. B. TI Quantifying the surface-subsurface biogeochemical coupling during the VERTIGO ALOHA and K2 studies SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE primary production; subsurface export flux; particle transformations ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; PLANKTONIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTHWESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; OCEANS TWILIGHT ZONE; STATION-ALOHA; SEDIMENT TRAPS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PARTICLE-FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB A central question addressed by the VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) study was 'What controls the efficiency of particle export between the surface and subsurface ocean'? Here, we present data from sites at ALOHA (N Central Pacific Gyre) and K2 (NW subarctic Pacific) on phytoplankton processes, and relate them via a simple planktonic foodweb model, to subsurface particle export (150-500 m). Three key factors enable quantification of the surface-subsurface coupling: a sampling design to overcome the temporal lag and spatial displacement between surface and subsurface processes; data on the size partitioning of net primary production (NPP) and subsequent transformations prior to export: estimates of the ratio of algal- to faecal-mediated vertical export flux. At ALOHA, phytoplankton were characterized by low stocks, NPP, F-v/F-m (N-limited), and were dominated by picoplankton. The HNLC waters at K2 were characterized by both two-fold changes in NPP and floristic shifts (high to low proportion of diatoms) between deployment I and 2. Prediction of export exiting the euphotic zone was based on size partitioning of NPP, a copepod-dominated foodweb and a ratio of 0.2 (ALOHA) and 0.1 (K2) for algal:faecal particle flux. Predicted export was 20-22mgPOCm(-2)d(-1) at ALOHA (i.e. 10-11% NPP (0-125m); 1.1-1.2 x export flux at 150 m (E-150). At K2, export was 111 mgCm(-2)d(-1) (21% NPP(0-50m); 1.8 x E-150) and 33 mg POCm(-2)d(-1) (11% NPP,0-55m); 1.4 x E-150) for deployments I and 2, respectively. This decrease in predicted export at K2 matches the observed trend for E150. Also, the low attenuation of export flux from 60 to 150 m is consistent with that between 150 and 500 m. This strong surface-subsurface coupling suggests that phytoplankton productivity and floristics play a key role at K2 in setting export flux, and moreover that pelagic particle transformations by grazers strongly influence to what extent sinking particles are further broken down in the underlying waters of the Twilight Zone. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyd, Philip W.] Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Gall, Mark P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Silver, Mary W.; Coale, Susan L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bidigare, Robert R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Bishop, James L. K. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boyd, PW (reprint author), Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dept Chem, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM pboyd@alkali.otago.ac.nz RI Boyd, Philip/J-7624-2014 OI Boyd, Philip/0000-0001-7850-1911 NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 14-15 BP 1578 EP 1593 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.010 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 351FM UT WOS:000259409900005 ER PT J AU Dehairs, F Jacquet, S Savoye, N Van Mooy, BAS Buesseler, KO Bishop, JKB Lamborg, CH Elskens, M Baeyens, W Boyd, PW Casciotti, KL Monnin, C AF Dehairs, F. Jacquet, S. Savoye, N. Van Mooy, B. A. S. Buesseler, K. O. Bishop, J. K. B. Lamborg, C. H. Elskens, M. Baeyens, W. Boyd, P. W. Casciotti, K. L. Monnin, C. TI Barium in twilight zone suspended matter as a potential proxy for particulate organic carbon remineralization: Results for the North Pacific SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE twilight zone; POC remineralization; particulate barium; North Pacific ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WATER COLUMN; EXPORT PRODUCTION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; MARINE BARITE; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; BIOGENIC SEDIMENT; NEUTRALLY BUOYANT AB This study focuses on the fate of exported organic carbon in the twilight zone at two contrasting environments in the North Pacific: the oligotrophic ALOHA site (22 degrees 45'N. 158 degrees W; Hawaii; studied during June-July 2004) and the mesotrophic Subarctic Pacific K2 site (47 degrees N, 161 degrees W; studied during July-August 2005). Earlier work has shown that non-lithogenic, excess particulate Ba (Ba-xs) in the mesopelagic water column is a potential proxy of organic carbon remineralization. In general, Ba., contents were significantly larger at K2 than at ALOHA. At ALOHA, the Ba., profiles from repeated sampling (five casts) showed remarkable consistency over a period of three weeks, suggesting that the system was close to being at steady state. In contrast, more variability was observed at K2 (six casts sampled), reflecting the more dynamic physical and biological conditions prevailing in this environment. While for both sites Ba-xs concentrations increased with depth, at K2 a clear maximum was present between the base of the mixed layer at around 50 and 500 m, reflecting production and release of Ba, Larger mesopelagic Ba., contents and larger bacterial production in the twilight zone at the K2 site indicate that more material was exported from the upper mixed layer for bacterial degradation deeper, compared to the ALOHA site. Furthermore, application of a published transfer function [Dehairs, F, Shopova, D., Ober, S., Veth, C., Goeyens, L., 1997. Particulate barium stocks and oxygen consumption in the Southern Ocean mesopelagic water column during spring and early summer: relationship with export production. Deep-Sea Research II 44(1-2), 497-516] relating oxygen consumption to the observed Ba-xs data indicated that the latter were in good agreement with bacterial respiration, calculated from bacterial production. These results corroborate earlier findings highlighting the potential of Ba-xs as a proxy for organic carbon remineralization. The range of POC remineralization rates calculated from twilight zone excess particulate Ba contents also compared well with the depth dependent POC flux decrease as recorded by neutrally buoyant sediment traps, except in one case (out of four). This discrepancy could indicate that differences in sinking velocities cause an uncoupling of the processes occurring in the fine suspended particle pool from those affecting the larger particle pool which sustains the vertical flux, thus rendering comparison between both approaches risky. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dehairs, F.; Jacquet, S.; Savoye, N.; Elskens, M.; Baeyens, W.] Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Van Mooy, B. A. S.; Buesseler, K. O.; Lamborg, C. H.; Casciotti, K. L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bishop, J. K. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bishop, J. K. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boyd, P. W.] Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Monnin, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Dehairs, F (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM fdehairs@vub.ac.be RI Baeyens, Willy/A-9366-2010; MONNIN, Christophe/A-5777-2012; Boyd, Philip/J-7624-2014; jacquet, stephanie/K-8678-2016; OI MONNIN, Christophe/0000-0002-9343-6414; Boyd, Philip/0000-0001-7850-1911; Baeyens, Willy/0000-0002-5281-903X FU Federal Science Policy Office [EV/03/7A, SD/CA/03A]; Research Foundation Flanders [G.0021.04]; Vrije Universiteit Brussel [GOA 22]; US National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the skilful assistance of captain and crew of R/V Kilo Moana and R/V Revelle during work at sea. We are grateful to Jacques Navez and Laurence Monin for their help during sample preparation and elemental analysis at MRAC in Tervuren. Jim Valdes, Steve Manganini, Devon Ruddick, and Chanda Bertrand were also key to the success of the NBST sampling program and Steve Pike for thorium-234 sampling and analyses. This research was supported by Federal Science Policy Office, Brussels through contracts EV/03/7A, SD/CA/03A, the Research Foundation Flanders through Grant G.0021.04 and Vrije Universiteit Brussel via Grant GOA 22, as well as the US National Science Foundation programs in Chemical and Biological Oceanography. NR 73 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 14-15 BP 1673 EP 1683 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.020 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 351FM UT WOS:000259409900012 ER PT J AU Hsu, KW Marshall, SJ Pinzon, LM Watanabe, L Saiz, E Marshall, GW AF Hsu, Kuang-Wei Marshall, Sally J. Pinzon, Lilliam M. Watanabe, Larry Saiz, Eduardo Marshall, Grayson W. TI SEM evaluation of resin-carious dentin interfaces formed by two dentin adhesive systems SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dentin bonding interfaces; dentin caries; microstructure; SEM; hybrid layer thickness ID CARIES-AFFECTED DENTIN; BOND STRENGTH; MORPHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; COMPOSITE; HARDNESS; PRIMER; TEETH; LAYER AB Objectives. : We investigated the influence of dentin tubule direction and identifiable zone of carious dentin on the microstructure and the thickness of the hybrid-like layer (HL) formed by self-etch and etch-rinse adhesive systems. Methods. : An etch-rinse and a self-etching adhesive were bonded to dentin carious zones divided into groups with parallel or perpendicular orientation relative to the dentin tubules at the resin-carious dentin interface (N = 5/variable). Bonds were prepared to each of the four zones of carious dentin apparent after staining with Caries Detector: pink, light pink, transparent and apparently normal; six non-carious third molars were controls. The microstructure and thickness of the HL were determined by SEM and compared using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results. : Etch-rinse controls gave thicker HLs than self-etching systems; orientation did not affect thickness for the self-etch system. Perpendicular orientations gave thicker HLs than parallel for the pink zone bonded with the etch-rinse system. For both adhesives, HL thickness in the pink zone was significantly greater than in light pink for the perpendicular group, but no significant differences were found among other variables. HL microstructure was more granular and rougher for the etch-rinse than for the self-etching system. Pores and cracks were obvious in the more demineralized zones. Resin tags were shorter and irregular in the transparent zone and often were completely absent in the outer demineralized zones (pink, light pink). Significance. : Microstructure of bonded interfaces varies markedly depending on adhesive system, tubule orientation and carious zone. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsu, Kuang-Wei; Marshall, Sally J.; Pinzon, Lilliam M.; Watanabe, Larry; Marshall, Grayson W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Saiz, Eduardo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marshall, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, 707 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM gw.marshall@ucsf.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE009859-140008, P01 DE009859, R01 DE016849-01A1, R01 DE016849] NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 880 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.001 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 313MX UT WOS:000256745800004 PM 18155289 ER PT J AU Dong, CL Chen, SS Chiou, JW Chen, YY Guo, JH Cheng, HF Lin, IN Chang, CL AF Dong, C. L. Chen, S. S. Chiou, J. W. Chen, Y. Y. Guo, J. -H. Cheng, H. F. Lin, I. N. Chang, C. L. TI Effect of surface treatments on the electronic properties of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Berlin, GERMANY DE nanocrystalline diamond; x-ray absorption; x-ray emission ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; DOPED ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; FIELD-EMISSION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CARBON-FILMS; CVD DIAMOND; NEAR-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; EELS AB We present the soft x-ray spectroscopic study of the ultra-nanocrystal line diamond (UNCD) films with different surface treatments. The samples were prepared by means of microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) and the different surface treatments are applied to alter their field emission properties. The electronic properties were subsequently examined by the soft x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy at carbon 1s threshold. From the experimental results, there is no significant variation in electronic structure of oxygen- and hydrogen-plasma treated UNCD films. On the other hand, the biased treated UNCD film shows more remarkable change on the sp(2) and sp(3) states. The formation of sp(2) bonding and the reduction of sp(3) bonding are the consequence of the improved electron field emission properties. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, C. L.; Chen, S. S.; Chiou, J. W.; Lin, I. N.; Chang, C. L.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan. [Dong, C. L.; Chen, Y. Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Dong, C. L.; Chiou, J. W.; Guo, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheng, H. F.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan. EM clchang@mail.tku.edu.tw OI Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUL-OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7-10 SI SI BP 1150 EP 1153 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.12.001 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 353WA UT WOS:000259598300023 ER PT J AU Sammons-Jackson, WL McClelland, K Manch-Citron, JN Metzger, DW Bakshi, CS Garcia, E Rasley, A Anderson, BE AF Sammons-Jackson, Wendy L. McClelland, Karen Manch-Citron, Jean N. Metzger, Dennis W. Bakshi, Chandra Shekhar Garcia, Emilio Rasley, Amy Anderson, Burt E. TI Generation and characterization of an attenuated mutant in a response regulator gene of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE FACTORS; PHOP-PHOQ; MICROBIAL PATHOGENICITY; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; SALMONELLA VIRULENCE; ALLELIC REPLACEMENT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; TULAREMIA VACCINE; COMMON THEMES AB Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterium that must exist in diverse environments ranging from arthropod vectors to mammalian hosts. To better understand how virulence genes are regulated in these different environments, a transcriptional response regulator gene ( genome locus FTL0552) was deleted in F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). The FTL0552 deletion mutant exhibited slightly reduced rates of extracellular growth but was unable to replicate or survive in mouse macrophages and was avirulent in the mouse model using either BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. Mice infected with the FTL0552 mutant produced reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, exhibited reduced histopathology, and cleared the bacteria quicker than mice infected with LVS. Mice that survived infection with the FTL0552 mutant were afforded partial protection when challenged with a lethal dose of the virulent SchuS4 strain ( 4 of 10 survivors, day 21 postinfection) when compared to naive mice ( 0 of 10 survivors by day 7 postinfection). Microarray experiments indicate that 148 genes are regulated by FTL0552. Most of the genes are downregulated, indicating that FTL0552 controls transcription of genes in a positive manner. Genes regulated by FTL0552 include genes located within the Francisella pathogenicity island that are essential for intracellular survival and virulence of F. tularensis. Further, a mutant in FTL0552 or the comparable locus in SchuS4 (FTT1557c) may be an alternative candidate vaccine for tularemia. C1 [Sammons-Jackson, Wendy L.; McClelland, Karen; Manch-Citron, Jean N.; Anderson, Burt E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Med, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Manch-Citron, Jean N.] Bay Pines VA Healthcare Syst, Bay Pines, FL USA. [Metzger, Dennis W.; Bakshi, Chandra Shekhar] Albany Med Coll, Ctr Immunol & Microbial Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Garcia, Emilio; Rasley, Amy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Anderson, BE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Med, MDC7,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM banderso@health.usf.edu RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011; OI Metzger, Dennis/0000-0002-8000-9907 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI056320, AI056320, P01 AI056320-06A2] NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1089/dna.2007.0687 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 333SA UT WOS:000258171400006 PM 18613792 ER PT J AU Deriso, RB Maunder, MN Pearson, WH AF Deriso, Richard B. Maunder, Mark N. Pearson, Walter H. TI Incorporating covariates into fisheries stock assessment models with application to Pacific herring SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Clupea pallasi; hypothesis test; Ichthyophonus hoferi; maximum likelihood; Pacific herring; Prince William Sound; Alaska; salmon hatcheries; stock assessment models; viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; JUVENILE PINK SALMON; CLUPEA-PALLASI; ICHTHYOPHONUS-HOFERI; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; KODIAK ISLAND; TIME-SERIES; ALASKA; USA AB We present a framework for evaluating the cause of fishery declines by integrating covariates into a fisheries stock assessment model. This allows the evaluation of fisheries' effects vs. natural and other human impacts. The analyses presented are based on integrating ecological science and statistics and form the basis for environmental decision-making advice. Hypothesis tests are described to rank hypotheses and determine the size of a multiple covariate model. We extend recent developments in integrated analysis and use novel methods to produce effect size estimates that are relevant to policy makers and include estimates of uncertainty. Results can be directly applied to evaluate trade-offs among alternative management decisions. The methods and results are also broadly applicable outside. sheries stock assessment. We show that multiple factors influence populations and that analysis of factors in isolation can be misleading. We illustrate the framework by applying it to Pacific herring of Prince William Sound, Alaska ( USA). The Pacific herring stock that spawns in Prince William Sound is a stock that has collapsed, but there are several competing or alternative hypotheses to account for the initial collapse and subsequent lack of recovery. Factors failing the initial screening tests for statistical significance included indicators of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, coho salmon predation, sea lion predation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Northern Oscillation Index, and effects of containment in the herring egg-on-kelp pound fishery. The overall results indicate that the most statistically significant factors related to the lack of recovery of the herring stock involve competition or predation by juvenile hatchery pink salmon on herring juveniles. Secondary factors identified in the analysis were poor nutrition in the winter, ocean (Gulf of Alaska) temperature in the winter, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, and the pathogen Ichthyophonus hoferi. The implication of this result to. sheries management in Prince William Sound is that it may well be difficult to simultaneously increase the production of pink salmon and maintain a viable Pacific herring fishery. The impact can be extended to other commercially important. sheries, and a whole ecosystem approach may be needed to evaluate the costs and benefits of salmon hatcheries. C1 [Deriso, Richard B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Deriso, Richard B.; Maunder, Mark N.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Quantitat Resource Assessment LLC, San Diego, CA 92129 USA. [Pearson, Walter H.] Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Deriso, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rderiso@iattc.org NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1286 DI 10.1890/07-0708.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327HG UT WOS:000257719600014 PM 18686586 ER PT J AU Spellman, P Das, D Kuo, WL Bhattacharya, S Wang, NJ Feiler, HS Jakkula, L Wyrobek, A Gray, JW AF Spellman, P. Das, D. Kuo, W. L. Bhattacharya, S. Wang, N. J. Feiler, H. S. Jakkula, L. Wyrobek, A. Gray, J. W. TI An in vitro systems approach to predicting and understanding clinical responses to molecularly targeted therapeutics SO EJC SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Meeting of the European-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY JUL 05-08, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP European Assoc Canc Res C1 [Spellman, P.; Das, D.; Kuo, W. L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Wang, N. J.; Feiler, H. S.; Jakkula, L.; Wyrobek, A.; Gray, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6349 J9 EJC SUPPL JI EJC Suppl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 IS 9 BP 61 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S1359-6349(08)71407-1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 330DF UT WOS:000257919000233 ER PT J AU Moses, EI AF Moses, Edward I. TI The National Ignition Facility (NIF): A path to fusion energy SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY ID PHYSICS BASIS; DIRECT-DRIVE; HIGH-GAIN; LASER; COMPRESSION; TARGETS; POWER AB Fusion energy has long been considered a promising, clean, nearly inexhaustible source of energy. Power production by fusion micro-explosions of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets has been a long-term research goal since the invention of the first laser in 1960. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is poised to take the next important step in the journey by beginning experiments researching ICF ignition. Ignition on NIF will be the culmination of over 30 years of ICF research on high-powered laser systems such as the Nova laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester, as well as smaller systems around the world. NIF is a 192-beam Nd-glass laser facility at LLNL that is more than 90% complete. The first cluster of 48 beams is operational in the laser bay, the second cluster is now being commissioned, and the beam path to the target chamber is being installed. The Project will be completed in 2009, and ignition experiments will start in 2010. When completed, NIF will produce up to 1.8 MJ of 0.35-mu m light in highly shaped pulses required for ignition. It will have beam stability and control to higher precision than any other laser fusion facility. Experiments using one of the beams of NIF have demonstrated that NIF can meet its beam performance goals. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has been established to manage the ignition effort on NIF. NIC has all of the research and development required to execute the ignition plan and to develop NIF into a fully operational facility. NIF will explore the ignition space, including direct drive, 2 omega ignition, and fast ignition, to optimize target efficiency for developing fusion as an energy source. In addition to efficient target performance, fusion energy requires significant advances in high-repetition-rate lasers and fusion reactor technology. The Mercury laser at LLNL is a high-repetition-rate Nd-glass laser for fusion energy driver development. Mercury uses state-of-the-art technology such as ceramic laser slabs and light diode pumping for improved efficiency and thermal management. Progress in NIF, NIC, Mercury, and the path forward for fusion energy will be presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moses, Edward I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 SI SI BP 1795 EP 1802 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.029 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 317HQ UT WOS:000257011100002 ER PT J AU El-Guebaly, LA Wilson, P Henderson, D Sawan, M Sviatoslavsky, G Tautges, T Slaybaugh, R Kiedrowski, B Ibrahim, A AF El-Guebaly, L. A. Wilson, P. Henderson, D. Sawan, M. Sviatoslavsky, G. Tautges, T. Slaybaugh, R. Kiedrowski, B. Ibrahim, A. CA ARIES Team TI Nuclear challenges and progress in designing stellarator fusion power plants SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE stellarator; nuclear analysis; fusion power plant; radwaste management ID CONCEPTUAL DESIGN; REACTOR AB Over the past 5-6 decades, stellarator power plants have been studied in the US, Europe, and Japan as an alternate to the mainline magnetic fusion tokamaks, offering steady-state operation and eliminating the risk of plasma disruptions. The earlier 1980s studies suggested large-scale stellarator power plants with an average major radius exceeding 20 m. The most recent development of the compact stellarator concept delivered ARIES-CS - a compact stellarator with 7.75 m average major radius, approaching that of tokamaks. For stellarators, the most important engineering parameter that determines the machine size and cost is the minimum distance between the plasma boundary and mid-coil. Accommodating the breeding blanket and necessary shield within this distance to protect the ARIES-CS superconducting magnet represents a challenging task. Selecting the ARIES-CS nuclear and engineering parameters to produce an economic optimum, modeling the complex geometry for 3D nuclear analysis to confirm the key parameters, and minimizing the radwaste stream received considerable attention during the design process. These engineering design elements combined with advanced physics helped enable the compact stellarator to be a viable concept. This paper provides a brief historical overview of the progress in designing stellarator power plants and a perspective on the successful integration of the nuclear activity into the final ARIES-CS configuration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [El-Guebaly, L. A.; Wilson, P.; Henderson, D.; Sawan, M.; Sviatoslavsky, G.; Slaybaugh, R.; Kiedrowski, B.; Ibrahim, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tautges, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP El-Guebaly, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM elguebaly@engr.wisc.edu OI Slaybaugh, Rachel/0000-0002-6296-6519; Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 SI SI BP 1859 EP 1867 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.09.032 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 317HQ UT WOS:000257011100008 ER PT J AU Hong, JG Oh, KC Do Lee, U Shin, HD AF Hong, Jung Goo Oh, Kwang Chul Do Lee, Uen Shin, Hyun Dong TI Effect of the unmixedness of unburned gases on the pressure fluctuations in a dump combustor SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SWIRL-STABILIZED COMBUSTOR; HEAT-RELEASE; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; FLAME; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATION; ACTUATION; MECHANISM AB Combustion instability is a serious obstacle for the lean premixed combustion of gas turbines and can even cause fatal damage to the combustor and the entire system. Thus, enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of combustion instability is necessary for designing and operating gas turbine combustors. In this study, in order to elucidate the instability phenomena, an experimental study was conducted in a rearward-step dump combustor with LPG and air. The fuel supply conditions and the mixing distances (L-fuel) between fuel and air are used as experimental parameters to examine the effects of fuel modulation and unmixedness. The fluctuations of pressure, heat release, and equivalence ratio were measured by a piezoelectric pressure sensor and a high speed intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera, respectively. The unmixedness was measured by acetone laser induced fluorescence (LIF) at nonreacting flow because of stratification of the fuel in air. Various combustion modes occurred in accordance with the equivalence ratio and the fuel supply conditions. In the case of the fully premixed condition, the spatial fuel distribution inside the combustion chamber exists in a homogeneous state compared with the partially premixed condition, which leads to instant heat release, with relatively greater intensity for the chemiluminescence of the flame and higher amplitude of pressure fluctuations. On the contrary, in the partially premixed condition, the spatial fuel distribution exists in a heterogeneous state from the combustion chamber entrance, and the flame's burnout or reignition progresses in accordance with the stratified distribution of fuel. The unmixedness of fuel and air leads to a relatively smaller intensity for the chemiluminescence of the flame and reduced amplitude of pressure fluctuations. C1 [Hong, Jung Goo; Shin, Hyun Dong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Oh, Kwang Chul] Korea Automot Technol Inst, Environm Parts R&D Ctr, Cheonan 330912, Cheungnam, South Korea. [Do Lee, Uen] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shin, HD (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM hdshin@kaist.ac.kr RI Shin, Hyun-Dong/C-1806-2011 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2221 EP 2228 DI 10.1021/ef800018s PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200015 ER PT J AU Yang, D Le, LA Martinez, RJ Currier, RP Spencer, DF Deppe, G AF Yang, D. Le, L. A. Martinez, R. J. Currier, R. P. Spencer, D. F. Deppe, G. TI Heat transfer during CO2 hydrate formation in a continuous flow reactor SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURES; DEEP-SEA; WATER; LIQUID; SEDIMENTATION; GASIFICATION AB Mixtures of CO2 and argon, or helium, were used to continuously produce CO2 hydrate slurries at high linear fluid velocities and high gas volume fractions. The impact of gas carrier, fluid velocity, and slurry loading on heat transfer processes were investigated using a tubular continuous flow reactor. Due to the high gas volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas was found to significantly impact the heat transfer rate on the process fluid side. The overall heat transfer coefficient from a He/CO2 gas mixture was found to be at least 50% higher than that obtained from a comparable Ar/CO2 mixture. High fluid velocity in the hydrate formation reactor resulted in effective interphase mixing and, thus, enhanced both mass and heat transfer between the gas, liquid, and solid phases. With vigorous mixing, hydrate formation kinetics were very favorable and hydrate formation became heat-transfer limited. C1 [Yang, D.; Le, L. A.; Martinez, R. J.; Currier, R. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Spencer, D. F.] SIMTECHE, Redding, CA 96003 USA. [Deppe, G.] Nexant Inc, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Yang, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dyang@lanl.gov; currier@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2649 EP 2659 DI 10.1021/ef700749f PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200071 ER PT J AU Disselkamp, RS AF Disselkamp, Robert S. TI Energy storage using aqueous hydrogen peroxide SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-ELECTRODES; FUEL-CELLS; REDUCTION; TUNGSTATE; ZIRCONIA; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN AB As alternative energy sources, such as solar, geothermal, wind, and wave, become viable in the future and cost-competitive with and environmentally favorable to conventional carbon-based energy sources, it will be increasingly important to develop low-cost energy-storage systems. These energy-storage systems may be either carbon-based or non-carbon-based but must possess a high energy-storage density, high operating efficiency, low cost, and ease of use, such as operation from the extensive electrical grid that exists throughout developed countries. Here, we present a novel energy-storage concept employing aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 from aerated water using a solid superacid cathodic electrode is proposed on the basis of a prior literature study and serves as the mechanism of stored energy. The subsequent generation of H-2 Plus O-2 (again via electrolysis on a cathodic superacid electrode) for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is described and thus comprises energy release. For a 50 wt % aqueous H2O2 solution using a tungstated zirconia electrocatalyst with an energy-storage density of >0.49 MJ/kg solution and a full-cycle (synthesis to electrical energy output) operating efficiency of >35% has been estimated to be feasible based on prior literature work. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, 3335 Q Ave,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rdisselkamp@columbiabasin.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2771 EP 2774 DI 10.1021/ef800050t PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 328IX UT WOS:000257793200087 ER PT J AU Babst, BA Ferrieri, RA Thorpe, MR Orians, CM AF Babst, Benjamin A. Ferrieri, Richard A. Thorpe, Michael R. Orians, Colin M. TI Lymantria dispar herbivory induces rapid changes in carbon transport and partitioning in Populus nigra SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Interactions CY 2007 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE plant-insect interactions; induction; whole plant imaging; carbon-11; radioisotope; roots; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; gypsy moth; Salicaceae ID X EURAMERICANA PLANTS; DEVELOPING LEAF ZONE; VASCULAR ARCHITECTURE; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; SYSTEMIC INDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEFOLIATION; LEAVES; GROWTH; DEFENSE AB We tested for rapid changes in photosynthate transport and partitioning in response to Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (gypsy moth) herbivory in Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae). Transport and partitioning of [(11)C]-photosynthate from young mature leaves were measured in vivo before and 18 h after leaf chewing by gypsy moth larvae, which were caged on three older leaves. Following herbivory, there was an increase in export speed of recently fixed carbon from younger mature leaves. The increased export speed was due to a quicker transit time of (11)C through the leaf, rather than a change in transport speed through the phloem. Additionally, basipetal partitioning of [(11)C]-photosynthate was increased following herbivory. Neither of these changes was observed in control plants. This enhancement of export occurs even though herbivores are well known to induce increases in carbon allocation to secondary metabolites within leaves. Our results demonstrate that the use of non-destructive imaging of (11)C tracer is a powerful tool for examining plant responses to herbivory. Although the mechanisms underlying the rapid increase in carbon flux to stems and roots remain to be elucidated, our results raise the possibility of a coordinated whole plant response to herbivory. Thus, even when the herbivore specializes on only one plant tissue type, a whole plant approach may be key to understanding how plants respond to herbivory. C1 [Babst, Benjamin A.; Orians, Colin M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Ferrieri, Richard A.; Thorpe, Michael R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Babst, BA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr,UJ Noblet Bldg, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM bababst@mtu.edu OI Babst, Benjamin/0000-0001-5657-0633 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00698.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 313DS UT WOS:000256721900016 ER PT J AU Kunapuli, U Griebler, C Beller, HR Meckenstock, RU AF Kunapuli, Umakanth Griebler, Christian Beller, Harry R. Meckenstock, Rainer U. TI Identification of intermediates formed during anaerobic benzene degradation by an iron-reducing enrichment culture SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECHLOROMONAS STRAIN RCB; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; O-XYLENE; NITRATE REDUCTION; THAUERA-AROMATICA; PHENOL METABOLISM; FENTONS REAGENT; BIODEGRADATION; OXIDATION; GENERATION AB Anaerobic benzene degradation is an important process in contaminated aquifers but is poorly understood due to the scarcity of microbial cultures for study. We have enriched a ferric iron-reducing culture that completely mineralizes benzene to CO(2). With (13)C(6)-labelled benzene as the growth substrate, ring-labelled benzoate was identified as a major intermediate by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of culture supernatants. With increasing incubation time, (13)C(7)-labelled benzoate appeared, indicating that the carboxyl group of benzoate derived from CO(2) that was produced from mineralization of labelled benzene. This was confirmed by growing the culture in (13)C-bicarbonate-buffered medium with unlabelled benzene as the substrate, as the label appeared in the carboxyl group of benzoate produced. Phenol was also identified as an intermediate at high concentration. However, it was clearly shown that phenol was formed abiotically by autoxidation of benzene during the sampling and analysis procedure as a result of exposure to air. The results suggest that, in our culture, anaerobic benzene degradation proceeds via carboxylation and that caution should be exercised in interpreting hydroxylated benzene derivatives as metabolic intermediates of anaerobic benzene degradation. C1 [Kunapuli, Umakanth; Griebler, Christian; Meckenstock, Rainer U.] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Groundwater Ecol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Beller, Harry R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Meckenstock, RU (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Groundwater Ecol, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM rainer.meckenstock@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Abu Laban , Dr. Nidal /E-5809-2011; Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014; Meckenstock, Rainer/K-6894-2012; OI Griebler, Christian/0000-0002-8602-581X NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1703 EP 1712 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01588.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 309EE UT WOS:000256442700005 PM 18412549 ER PT J AU McLean, JS Pinchuk, GE Geydebrekht, OV Bilskis, CL Zakrajsek, BA Hill, EA Saffarini, DA Romine, MF Gorby, YA Fredrickson, JK Beliaev, AS AF McLean, J. S. Pinchuk, G. E. Geydebrekht, O. V. Bilskis, C. L. Zakrajsek, B. A. Hill, E. A. Saffarini, D. A. Romine, M. F. Gorby, Y. A. Fredrickson, J. K. Beliaev, A. S. TI Oxygen-dependent autoaggregation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI BIOFILMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METAL REDUCTION AB In aerobic chemostat cultures maintained at 50% dissolved O(2) tension (3.5 mg l(-1) dissolved O(2)), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 rapidly aggregated upon addition of 0.68 mM CaCl(2) and retained this multicellular phenotype at high dilution rates. Confocal microscopy analysis of the extracellular matrix material contributing to the stability of the aggregate structures revealed the presence of extracellular DNA, protein and glycoconjugates. Upon onset of O(2)-limited growth (dissolved O(2) below detection) however, the Ca(2+)-supplemented chemostat cultures of strain MR-1 rapidly disaggregated and grew as motile dispersed cells. Global transcriptome analysis comparing aerobic aggregated to O(2)-limited unaggregated cells identified genes encoding cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface adhesion factors whose transcription increased upon exposure to increased O(2) concentrations. The aerobic aggregated cells also revealed increased expression of putative anaerobic electron transfer and homologues of metal reduction genes, including mtrD (SO1782), mtrE (SO1781) and mtrF (SO1780). Our data indicate that mechanisms involved in autoaggregation of MR-1 are dependent on the function of pilD gene which encodes a putative prepilin peptidase. Mutants of S. oneidensis strain MR-1 deficient in PilD and associated pathways, including type IV and Msh pili biogenesis, displayed a moderate increase in sensitivity to H(2)O(2). Taken together, our evidence indicates that aggregate formation in S. oneidensis MR-1 may serve as an alternative or an addition to biochemical detoxification to reduce the oxidative stress associated with production of reactive oxygen species during aerobic metabolism while facilitating the development of hypoxic conditions within the aggregate interior. C1 [McLean, J. S.; Pinchuk, G. E.; Geydebrekht, O. V.; Bilskis, C. L.; Zakrajsek, B. A.; Hill, E. A.; Romine, M. F.; Fredrickson, J. K.; Beliaev, A. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McLean, J. S.; Gorby, Y. A.] J Craig Venter Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Saffarini, D. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Beliaev, AS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alex.beliaev@pnl.gov RI McLean, Jeffrey/A-8014-2012; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI McLean, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9934-5137; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 NR 75 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1861 EP 1876 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01608.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 309EE UT WOS:000256442700018 PM 18412550 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Gupta, H Springer, E Wagener, T AF Liu, Yuqiong Gupta, Hoshin Springer, Everett Wagener, Thorsten TI Linking science with environmental decision making: Experiences from an integrated modeling approach to supporting sustainable water resources management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE integrated modeling; decision support; scenario analysis; water resources management; sustainability ID CARBON-CYCLE SCIENCE; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS MODEL; COUPLED HUMAN; UNCERTAINTY; POLICY; CATCHMENT; BASIN; PRINCIPLES; FRAMEWORK AB The call for more effective integration of science and decision making is ubiquitous in environmental management. While scientists often complain that their input is ignored by decision makers, the latter have also expressed dissatisfaction that critical information for their decision making is often not readily available or accessible to them, or not presented in a usable form. It has been suggested that scientists need to produce more "usable" information with enhanced credibility, legitimacy, and saliency to ensure the adoption of research results. In basin-scale management of coupled human-water systems, water resources managers, like other decision makers, are frequently confronted with the need to make major decisions in the face of high system complexity and uncertainty. The integration of useful and relevant scientific information is necessary and critical to enable informed decision-making. This paper describes the main aspects of what has been learned in the process of supporting sustainable water resources planning and management in the semi-arid southwestern United States by means of integrated modeling. Our experience indicates that particular attention must be paid to the proper definition of focus questions, explicit conceptual modeling, a suitable modeling strategy, and a formal scenario analysis approach in order to facilitate the development of "usable" scientific information. We believe that these lessons and insights can be useful to other scientific efforts in the broader area of linking environmental science with decision making. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yuqiong; Gupta, Hoshin] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, SAHRA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Springer, Everett] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Climate & Environm Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, SAHRA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM yqliu@hwr.arizona.edu RI Wagener, Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012; Springer, Everett/B-6376-2012 OI Wagener, Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Springer, Everett/0000-0002-9816-8148 NR 70 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 846 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.10.007 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288DP UT WOS:000254966700002 ER PT J AU Peltier, GL Meyer, JL Jagoe, CH Hopkins, WA AF Peltier, Gretchen Loeffler Meyer, Judith L. Jagoe, Charles H. Hopkins, William A. TI Using trace element concentrations in Corbicula fluminea to identify potential sources of contamination in an urban river SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Corbicula fluminea; selenium; arsenic; urban; coal ID COAL ASH EFFLUENTS; LAND-USE; WATER CHEMISTRY; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES; CIRCUMNEUTRAL LAKES; PIEDMONT STREAMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CATCHMENT-AREA; UNITED-STATES; HEAVY-METALS AB We used the biomonitor, Corbicula fluminea, to investigate the contributions of trace elements associated with different point sources and land uses in a large river. Trace elements were analyzed in tissues of clams collected from 15 tributary streams draining five land use or point source types: agriculture, forest, urban, coal-fired power plant (CFPP), and wastewater (WWTP). Clams from forested catchments had elevated Hg concentrations, and concentrations of arsenic and selenium were highest (5.0 +/- 0.2 and 13.6 +/- 0.9 mu g g(-1) dry mass (DM), respectively) in clams from CFPP sites. Cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in clams from urban and CFPP sites (4.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.6 +/- 0.9 P g g-1 DM, respectively). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) of tissue concentrations in clams clustered at CFPP and forest/agriculture sites at opposite ends of the ordination space, and the distribution of sites was driven by Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peltier, Gretchen Loeffler; Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jagoe, Charles H.; Hopkins, William A.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Peltier, GL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gl232@columbia.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TU UT WOS:000257258700014 PM 18035461 ER PT J AU Ho, CK Altman, SJ Jones, HDT Khalsa, SS McGrath, LK Clem, PG AF Ho, Clifford K. Altman, Susan J. Jones, Howland D. T. Khalsa, Siri S. McGrath, Lucas K. Clem, Paul G. TI Analysis of micromixers to reduce biofouling on reverse-osmosis membranes SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Membrance-Society CY MAY 12-16, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP N Amer Membrane Soc DE biofouling; membrane; CFD modeling; micromixer; hyperspectral imaging ID SPACER-FILLED CHANNELS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; FLOW VISUALIZATION; FOULING SIMULATOR; TOOL; PRESSURE AB Features (micromixers) that promote chaotic mixing were fabricated on reverse-osmosis membrane surfaces and evaluated using computational models and laboratory experiments to determine their effectiveness in reducing biofouling. Computational fluid dynamics models of membrane feed channels were developed using different patterns of micromixers on the membrane surface. The shear-stress distribution along the membrane surface was simulated for steady flows along the different micromixer configurations. In addition, the hypothetical mass transfer of a tracer from the membrane surface was used as a metric to compare the amount of scouting and mixing in configurations with and without micromixers. Epoxy micromixers were printed directly onto membrane surfiaces, and different patterns were evaluated experimentally. Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging results showed that regions of simulated high shear stress on the membrane corresponded to regions of lower bacterial growth in the experiments, while regions of simulated low shear stress corresponded to regions of higher bacterial growth. In addition, the presence of the micromixers appeared to reduce the overall biofouling concentration in one series of experiments, but the results were inconclusive in another series of experiments. These results indicate that while the enhancement of mixing and shear stress via micromixers may delay or mitigate the onset of localized membrane fouling from biofilms or other contaminants, the impact of micromixers on the overall performance of reverse-osmosis membranes needs further investigation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Altman, Susan J.; Jones, Howland D. T.; Khalsa, Siri S.; McGrath, Lucas K.; Clem, Paul G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov; sjaltma@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1002/ep.10274 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322AX UT WOS:000257348700006 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG AF Koomey, Jonathan G. TI Worldwide electricity used in data centers SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE data center; server farm; data center electricity use; information technology; computers; electricity demand growth AB The direct electricity used by data centers has become an important issue in recent years as demands for new Internet services (such as search, music downloads, video-on-demand, social networking, and telephony) have become more widespread. This study estimates historical electricity used by data centers worldwide and regionally on the basis of more detailed data than were available for previous assessments, including electricity used by servers, data center communications, and storage equipment. Aggregate electricity use for data centers doubled worldwide from 2000 to 2005. Three quarters of this growth was the result of growth in the number of the least expensive (volume) servers. Data center communications and storage equipment each contributed about 10% of the growth. Total electricity use grew at an average annual rate of 16.7% per year, with the Asia Pacific region (without Japan) being the only major world region with growth significantly exceeding that average. Direct electricity used by information technology equipment in data centers represented about 0.5% of total world electricity consumption in 2005. When electricity for cooling and power distribution is included, that figure is about 1%. Worldwide data center power demand in 2005 was equivalent (in capacity terms) to about seventeen 1000 MW power plants. C1 [Koomey, Jonathan G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koomey, Jonathan G.] Stanford Univ, Oakland, CA 94620 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGKoomey@stanford.edu FU Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) FX The reports supporting this article were supported by grants from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), 'in-kind' support and data from IDC, and independent review comments from experts throughout the industry. All errors and omissions are the responsibility of the author alone. NR 43 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 AR 034008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/3/3/034008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353LN UT WOS:000259569300008 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Rodriguez, MA Stewart, TA Bixler, JN Xu, WQ Parise, JB Nyman, M AF Anderson, Travis M. Rodriguez, Mark A. Stewart, Thomas A. Bixler, Joel N. Xu, Wenqian Parise, John B. Nyman, May TI Controlled assembly of [Nb6-xWxO19]((8-x)-) (x=0-4) Lindqvist ions with (amine)copper complexes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE niobium; tungsten; copper; polyoxometalates ID RAY STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS; SOLID-STATE; NIOBATES; HEXANIOBATE; CATALYSTS; ANION; MANGANESE(4) AB The mixed addenda isopolyanion, [N(CH3)(4)](2)Na-2[CiS-Nb2W4O19]center dot 18H(2)O, reacts with Cu(NO3)(2) in water and in the presence of NH2CH2CH2NH2 (en) or NH4OH at 60 degrees C to yield a phase that is decorated {[Cu(en)(2)(H2O)](2)-[Nb2W4O19]center dot 2H(2)O (1)} or charge-balanced {[Cu(NH3)(4)-(H2O)](2)[Nb2W4O19]center dot 8H(2)O (2)), respectively, by (amine)copper complexes. The prolonged heating at 95 degrees C of [N(CH3)(4)](6)-[Nb10O28]-6H20, [N(CH3)(4)](2)Na-2[cis-Nb2W4O19]center dot 18H(2)O, or Na4K2[cis-Nb4W2O19]center dot 12H(2)O and Cu(NO3)(2) in a mixed water/amine [en or NH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 (dap)] solution results in the formation of two-dimensional materials with alternate layers of (amine)copper complexes linking Lindqvist [Nb6-xWxO19]((8-x)-) (X = 0-4) clusters. These phases include: [Cu(dap)(2)](3)[Nb4W2O19]center dot 7H(2)O (3), [Cu(dap)(2)](3)[H2Nb6O19]center dot 6H(2)O (4), [Cu(dap)(2)](3)[Nb3W3O19]center dot Cl center dot 6H(2)O (5), and [Cu(en)(2)](3)[Nb4W2O19]-6H(2)O (6). Complexes 4 and 5 result from the decomposition of [Nb10O28](6-) and [cis-(Nb2WO19)-O-4](4-) to [H2Nb6O19](6-) and [fac-Nb3W3O19](5-), respectively, in alkaline solution. Complex 5 contains an extraframework site that is occupied by Cl-, but this site is occupied by a water molecule in 3 and is vacant in structures 4 and 6. The results of this study suggest that charge density, cluster charge and symmetry, and cluster-cation pairing are all important parameters in the incorporation of d-electron metals onto the surfaces of [Nb6-xWxO19]((8-x)-) (X = 0-4) CluSters or into the frameworks of Lindqvist-based complex materials. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008). C1 [Anderson, Travis M.; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Stewart, Thomas A.; Bixler, Joel N.; Nyman, May] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Xu, Wenqian; Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem & Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov RI Xu, Wenqian/M-5906-2013 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 21 BP 3286 EP 3294 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 333SI UT WOS:000258172200007 ER PT J AU Barber, JL Kadau, K Germann, TC Alder, BJ AF Barber, J. L. Kadau, K. Germann, T. C. Alder, B. J. TI Initial growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability via molecular dynamics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; FLUIDS AB At small length scales, the fluctuations that are neglected in most continuum descriptions of fluids become important. In this work, we explore the emergence of the Navier-Stokes equations as the ensemble mean of these fluctuations, which are inherent in the fundamental molecular processes underlying a fluid. This is accomplished by examining the initial growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability via hundreds of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of the mean growth rate spectra with the corresponding continuum predictions yields good agreement over a range of length scales from similar to 1 mu m to as small as similar to 10 nm. However, individual simulations exhibit significant variations from the continuum prediction. This work helps pave the way to a more fundamental understanding of fluid dynamics on small scales, and the mechanisms by which macroscopic, continuum models emerge. Such an understanding is essential, for example, in the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology. C1 [Barber, J. L.; Kadau, K.; Germann, T. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Alder, B. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barber, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jlbarber@lanl.gov OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU Department of Energy [LDRD-20050066DR, DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We would like to thank E. G. Flekkoy, B. L. Holian, P. S. Lomdahl, and D. Livescu for valuable discussions, and the Institutional Computing Program at Los Alamos for super-computer access. This work was supported by Department of Energy grant LDRD-20050066DR, and was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2008-00311-x PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 351RS UT WOS:000259444200016 ER PT J AU Goeke, K Guzey, V Siddikov, M AF Goeke, K. Guzey, V. Siddikov, M. TI Generalized parton distributions and deeply virtual Compton scattering in color glass condensate model SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1); LARGE NUCLEI; REAL PARTS; SMALL-X; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION; REPRESENTATION; SATURATION; AMPLITUDES AB Within the framework of the color glass condensate model, we evaluate quark and gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and the cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) in the small-x(B) region. We demonstrate that the DVCS cross section becomes independent of energy in the limit of very small x(B), which clearly indicates saturation of the DVCS cross section. Our predictions for the GPDs and the DVCS cross section at high energies can be tested at the future Electron-Ion Collider and in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. C1 [Goeke, K.; Siddikov, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Guzey, V.] Ctr Theory, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Siddikov, M.] Uzbekistan Natl Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Tashkent 700174, Uzbekistan. RP Goeke, K (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM Klaus.Goeke@tp2.rub.de; VGuzey@jlab.org; Marat.Siddikov@tp2.rub.de RI Siddikov, Marat/H-6629-2013; OI Siddikov, Marat/0000-0002-9290-3236; Guzey, Vadim/0000-0002-2393-8507 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0655-x PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 469RL UT WOS:000267917700003 ER PT J AU Ponder, MA Thomashow, MF Tiedje, JM AF Ponder, Monica A. Thomashow, Michael F. Tiedje, James M. TI Metabolic activity of Siberian permafrost isolates, Psychrobacter arcticus and Exiguobacterium sibiricum, at low water activities SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Psychrobacter; Siberian permafrost; Exiguobacterium; salt tolerance; low temperature; low water activity ID BACTERIAL-ACTIVITY; SP-NOV; MICROORGANISMS; SURVIVAL; ASTROBIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; PROTEIN; ICE; AGE AB The Siberian permafrost is an extreme, yet stable environment due to its continuously frozen state. Microbes maintain membrane potential and respiratory activity at average temperatures of -10 to -12 degrees C that concentrate solutes to an a(w) = 0.90 (5 osm), The isolation of viable Psychrobacter arcticus sp. 273-4 and Exiguobacterium sibiricum sp. 255-15 from ancient permafrost suggests that these bacteria have maintained some level of metabolic activity for thousands of years. Permafrost water activity was simulated using 1/2 TSB + 2.79 m NaCl (5 osm) at and cells were held at 22 and 4 degrees C. Many cells reduced cyano-tetrazolium chloride (CTC) indicating functioning electron transport systems. Increased membrane permeability was not responsible for this lack of electron transport, as more cells were determined to be intact by LIVE/DEAD staining than were reducing CTC. Low rates of aerobic respiration were determined by the slope of the reduced resazurin line for P. arcticus, and E. sibiricum. Tritiated leucine was incorporated into new proteins at rates indicating basal level metabolism. The continued membrane potential, electron transport and aerobic respiration, coupled with incorporation of radio-labeled leucine into cell material when incubated in high osmolarity media, show that some of the population is metabolically active under simulated in situ conditions. C1 [Ponder, Monica A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ponder, Monica A.; Thomashow, Michael F.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thomashow, Michael F.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thomashow, Michael F.] Michigan State Univ, Plant Res Lab, MSU DOE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ponder, Monica A.; Thomashow, Michael F.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst Ctr Genom & Evolutionary Studies M, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ponder, MA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 101 Food Sci & Technol 0418, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mponder@vt.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s00792-008-0151-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 320HO UT WOS:000257224500001 PM 18335164 ER PT J AU Cloet, IC Eichmann, G Flambaum, VV Roberts, CD Bhagwat, MS Holl, A AF Cloet, I. C. Eichmann, G. Flambaum, V. V. Roberts, C. D. Bhagwat, M. S. Hoell, A. TI Current quark-mass dependence of nucleon magnetic moments and radii SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; HADRON PHYSICS; VECTOR-MESONS; DIQUARK MODEL; SIGMA-TERMS; QCD; COVARIANT AB A calculation of the current quark-mass dependence of nucleon static electromagnetic properties is necessary in order to use observational data as a means to place constraints on the variation of Nature's fundamental parameters. A Poincare-covariant Faddeev equation, which describes baryons as composites of confined quarks and nonpointlike diquarks, is used to calculate this dependence. The results indicate that, like observables dependent on the nucleons' magnetic moments, quantities sensitive to their magnetic and charge radii, such as the energy levels and transition frequencies in hydrogen and deuterium, might also provide a tool with which to place limits on the allowed variation in Nature's constants. C1 [Cloet, I. C.; Eichmann, G.; Roberts, C. D.; Bhagwat, M. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Eichmann, G.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, Graz, Austria. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hoell, A.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Rostock, Germany. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov OI Eichmann, Gernot/0000-0002-0546-2533; Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s00601-008-0240-8 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 327TH UT WOS:000257750900005 ER PT J AU Morita, A Garrett, BC AF Morita, Akihiro Garrett, Bruce C. TI Molecular theory of mass transfer kinetics and dynamics at gas-water interface SO FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Colloquium on Dynamics, Physics and Chemistry of Bubbles and Gas-Liquid Boundaries CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Niseko, JAPAN DE mass transfer; molecular dynamics; mass accommodation coefficient ID TRAIN/FLOW REACTOR EXPERIMENT; SUPERCOOLED SULFURIC-ACID; LIQUID/VAPOR INTERFACE; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; DIFFUSION ANALYSIS; REVISED ANALYSIS; PHASE FLOW; ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENT; BUTANOL FILMS; DROPLET AB The mass transfer mechanism across gas-water interface is studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD results provide a robust and qualitatively consistent picture to previous studies about microscopic aspects of mass transfer, including interface structure, free energy profiles for the uptake, scattering dynamics and energy relaxation of impinging molecules. These MD results are quantitatively compared with experimental uptake measurements, and we find that the apparent inconsistency between MD and experiment could be partly resolved by precise decomposition of the observed kinetics into elemental steps. Remaining issues and future perspectives toward constructing a comprehensive multi-scale description of interfacial mass transfer are summarized. (c) 2008 The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morita, Akihiro] Tohoku Univ, Dept Chem, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Morita, Akihiro] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Inst Mol Sci, Dept Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Garrett, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morita, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Chem, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM amorita@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5983 J9 FLUID DYN RES JI Fluid Dyn. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 459 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2007.12.003 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 322DV UT WOS:000257356300002 ER PT J AU Staack, GC Shanahan, KL Walters, RT Pilgrim, RD AF Staack, G. C. Shanahan, K. L. Walters, R. T. Pilgrim, R. D. TI Examination of 80 degrees C desorption isotherms of tritium aged Pd/k and LANA.75 SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID NI-AL TRITIDES; HELIUM DYNAMICS; METAL TRITIDES; PALLADIUM; LANI4.25AL0.75; BEHAVIOR; PRESSURE; STORAGE; DECAY AB Metal hydrides, specifically Pd deposited on kieselguhr (Pd/k) and LaNi4.25Al0.75 (LANA. 75), have been used at the Savannah River Site for almost twenty years for hydrogen isotope separation and storage. Radiolytic decay of tritium to helium-3 in the metal matrix causes three classic changes in the performance of the hydride: the plateau pressure decreases, the plateau slope increases, and a heel forms, reducing the reversible capacity of the hydride. Deuterium and tritium isotherms were collected on the virgin materials, only tritium isotherms were collected at approximately 2 years, and both deuterium and tritium isotherms were collected at approximately 3.5 years of quiescent aging at 26 degrees C Each sample was loaded to 0.5-0.6 T/M prior to each aging period. Points of interest include comparisons of each sample at different aging periods and isotope effects on aged hydride isotherms. Partial restoration of thermodynamic properties by sample cycling has been observed in LANA. 75, though not previously reported in Pd. The methods and results are presented. C1 [Staack, G. C.; Shanahan, K. L.; Walters, R. T.; Pilgrim, R. D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Staack, GC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Gregory.Staack@SRNL.DOE.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000020 ER PT J AU Weaver, B AF Weaver, Bill TI Interim storage requirements at department of energy facilities SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB DOE has developed new requirements for packages containing tritiated material that hold tritium of a form and quantity that pose a risk of exposure to workers. These requirements include meeting specified leak rate criteria for both pre and post package drop tests. Packaging that fails to meet these new requirements must be stored in a specified manner in designated areas. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Weaver, B (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM bill.weaver@eh.doe.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000021 ER PT J AU Bibeault, ML AF Bibeault, Mark L. TI Certification testing of Quality Secondary Storage (QSS) containers SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB LANL undertook a program to design, test, and procure a new set of secondary tritium containment vessels to replace older containment vessels. This program was driven by new requirements to meet all metal seal and higher temperature ratings. The testing involved ASME pressure tests, additional pneumatic tests at room and elevated temperature, and drop tests. Testing revealed a fabrication issue with the metal seal and a need to provide a crash bar for drop protection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Engn & Technol Grp AET 1, Los Alamos, NM 87548 USA. RP Bibeault, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Engn & Technol Grp AET 1, POB 1663,MS C927, Los Alamos, NM 87548 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000022 ER PT J AU Walters, RT Burket, P Scogin, JH AF Walters, R. T. Burket, P. Scogin, J. H., IV TI Inexpensive, off-the-shelf hybrid microwave system SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB A hybrid-heating microwave oven provides the energy to heat small 10-gram samples of spent metal tritide storage bed material to release tenaciously held decay product He-3. Complete mass balance procedures require direct measurement of added or produced gases on a tritide bed, and over 1100 degrees C is necessary to release deep trapped He-3. The decomposition of non-radioactive CaCO3 and the quantitative measurement of CO2 within 3% of stoichiometry demonstrate the capabilities of the apparatus to capture generated (released) gases. C1 [Walters, R. T.; Burket, P.; Scogin, J. H., IV] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Walters, RT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM tom.walters@srnl.doe.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000023 ER PT J AU Pawelko, RJ Sharpe, JP Denny, BJ AF Pawelko, R. J. Sharpe, J. P. Denny, B. J. TI Star facility tritium accountancy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB The Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) facility has been established to provide a laboratory infrastructure for the fusion community to study tritium science associated with the development of safe fusion energy and other technologies. STAR is a radiological facility with an administrative total tritium inventory limit of 1.5g (14,429 Ci) [1]. Research studies with moderate tritium quantities and various radionuclides are performed in STAR. Successful operation of the STAR facility requires the ability to receive, inventory, store, dispense tritium to experiments, and to dispose of tritiated waste while accurately monitoring the tritium inventory in the facility. This paper describes tritium accountancy in the STAR facility. A primary accountancy instrument is the tritium Storage and Assay System (SAS): a system designed to receive, assay, store, and dispense tritium to experiments. Presented are the methods used to calibrate and operate the SAS. Accountancy processes utilizing the Tritium Cleanup System (TCS), and the Stack Tritium Monitoring System (STMS) are also discussed. Also presented are the equations used to quantify the amount of tritium being received into the facility, transferred to experiments, and removed from the facility. Finally, the STAR tritium accountability database is discussed. C1 [Pawelko, R. J.; Sharpe, J. P.; Denny, B. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pawelko, RJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert.pawelko@inl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000035 ER PT J AU Sigg, RA DiPrete, DP Pak, DJ Arrigo, LM AF Sigg, R. A. DiPrete, D. P. Pak, D. J. Arrigo, L. M. TI Remote analysis of high-tritium-content water SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Systems to safely analyze for tritium in moisture collected from glovebox atmospheres are being developed for use at Savannah River Site (SRS) tritium facilities. Analysis results will guide whether the material contains sufficient tritium for economical recovery, or whether it should be stabilized for disposal as waste. In order to minimize potential radiation exposures that could occur in handling and diluting high-tritium-content water, SRS sought alternatives to the process laboratory's routine analysis by liquid-scintillation counting. The newer systems determine tritium concentrations by measuring bremsstrahlung radiation induced by low-energy beta interactions. One of the systems determines tritium activity in liquid streams, the other determines tritium activity in water vapor. Topics discussed include counting results obtained by modeling and laboratory testing and corrections that are made for low-energy photon attenuation. C1 [Sigg, R. A.; DiPrete, D. P.; Pak, D. J.; Arrigo, L. M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Sigg, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM raymond.sigg@srnl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000037 ER PT J AU Cordaro, JV Wood, M AF Cordaro, Joseph V. Wood, Mike TI Universal tritium transmitter SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB At the Savannah River Site and throughout the National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) tritium is measured using Ion or Kanne Chambers. Tritium flowing through an Ion Chamber emits beta particles generating current flow proportional to tritium radioactivity. Currents in the 1x 10(-15) A to 1x 10(-6) A are measured The distance between the Ion Chamber and the electrometer in NNSA facilities can be over 100 feet. Currents greater than a few microamperes can be measured with a simple modification. Typical operating voltages of 500 to 1000 Volts and piping designs require that the Ion Chamber be connected to earth ground. This grounding combined with long cable lengths and low currents requires a very specialized preamplifier circuit. In addition, the electrometer must be able to supply 'fail safe" alarm signals which are used to alert personnel of a tritium leak, trigger divert systems preventing tritium releases to the environment and monitor stack emissions as required by the United States federal Government and state governments. Ideally the electrometer would be "set monitoring". Self monitoring would reduce the need for constant checks by maintenance personnel. For example at some DOE facilities monthly calibration and alarm checks must be performed to ensure operation. NNSA presently uses commercially available electrometers designed specifically for this critical application. The problems with these commercial units include: ground loops, high background currents, inflexibility and susceptibility to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) which includes RF and Magnetic fields. Existing commercial electrometers lack the flexibility to accommodate different Ion Chamber designs required by the gas pressure, type of gas and range. Ideally the electrometer could be programmed for any expected gas, range and high voltage output. Commercially available units do not have 'fail safe" self monitoring capability. Electronics used to measure extremely low current must have sufficient time to thermally equilibrate. Amplifiers, transistors, resistors all need time to stabilize before the electrometer circuit will measure accurately in the 10(-15) and 10(-14) ampere range. Existing electrometers give the user no indication when the unit has stabilized and is acceptable for low level measurements. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRAT) funded through the NNSA Plant Directed Research and Development (PDRD) program, has developed a truly Universal Tritium Transmitter (UTT) capable of solving many known problems with existing commercial electrometers. This UTT pushes the state-of-the-art in electrometer design and incorporates solutions to deficiencies found in commercial electrometers. C1 [Cordaro, Joseph V.; Wood, Mike] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Cordaro, JV (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM joe.cordaro@srnl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 170 EP 173 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000038 ER PT J AU Kanady, RW AF Kanady, R. W. TI Operational experience and validation of the triathler (TM) model 425-034((1)) single vial liquid scintillation counter for meeting department of energy release criteria SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Triathler (TM) Model 425-034 single vial liquid scintillation counter (LSC) counters have been in use at the Safety and Tritium Applied Research Facility (STAR) for approximately three years. During facility setup and determination of instrumentation needs to support STAR facility operations, the Triathler was chose to assess smearable tritium contamination levels for operational conditions. The Triathler was selected due to the rapid turnaround time for obtaining tritium contamination levels versus other automated batch LSC counters currently in use at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and other Department of Energy (DOE) installations. Operational experience with the Triathler thus far has shown a high reliability for verifying removable contamination levels at a level of <1,000 Disintegrations Per Minute (DPM) per 100 cm(2) when compared to the Packard (TM) Tri-Carb 1905 AB/LA Liquid Scintillation Analyzer used by the Reactor Technologies Complex (RTC) Radiochemistry Measurements Laboratory (RML). However, variances in the reported results for activity in DPM/vial from the Triathler versus the Packard Tri-Carb have been noted when operating in the range of 5, 000 to 20, 000 DPM. These variances make reliability and use of the Triathler suspect for verifying smearable contamination levels meet the release criteria identified in DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. Ensuring that removable tritium contamination levels on materials and equipment intended for free-release to the public are <10,000 DPM per 100 cm 2 is a requirement in the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) contract. Comprehensive cross-comparisons have been ongoing to ensure the Triathler LSC reported DPM values provide sufficient detection of smearable tritium contamination when cross-compared to other automated liquid scintillation counters available at the INL. C1 Battelle Energy Alliance LLC, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kanady, RW (reprint author), Battelle Energy Alliance LLC, Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 7110, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM R.Kanady@ini.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000039 ER PT J AU West, DS Frame, KJ Thompson, J Ticknor, LO AF West, Diana S. Frame, Kandy J. Thompson, Julia Ticknor, Lawrence O. TI Evaluation of a newly developed tritium calorimeter at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory tritium processing facility purchased an ANTECH Series P300 Isothermal Tritium calorimeter from the ANTECH Corporation in 2005. The instrument is used to non-destructively measure the quantity of tritium in an item based on the heat output generated by tritium beta decay. Instrument performance data collected over the past two years is presented showing that this instrument can detect as low as 0.001 W (0.003 g of tritium) within rather large measurement canisters of approximately 170 nun (6.8 in) diameter by 610 mm (24 in) long. With a manufacturer-stated measurement power range of 0.005 W to 15 W, this calorimeter has performed beyond the specified purchase requirements. Using a combination of sensors for its thermal element, the P300 calorimeter has demonstrated exceptional sensitivity and precision. C1 [West, Diana S.; Frame, Kandy J.; Thompson, Julia; Ticknor, Lawrence O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP West, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwest@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000040 ER PT J AU Bach, HT Allen, TH Hill, DD Martinez, PT Schwarz, RB Paglieri, SN Wermer, JR AF Bach, H. T. Allen, T. H. Hill, D. D. Martinez, P. T. Schwarz, R. B. Paglieri, S. N. Wermer, J. R. TI A technique for synthesizing metal tritide standards SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID CE-H; SYSTEMS AB Before surplus plutonium pits can be decommissioned and converted into metal oxides to be used as reactor fuels, residual tritium must be reduced to an acceptable level. We have developed two analytical methods involving melting and acid dissolution, combined with liquid scintillation counting as a quantitative and sensitive technique for measuring residual tritium in Pu metal. The detection limit, linearity, and reproducibility of these analytical methods must be validated with a series of metal tritide standards. Since there are no commercially available metal tritide standards, we have developed a technique for their synthesis. The synthesis of these low-level metal tritide standards is accomplished by charging cerium powder with a known amount of tritium to form a master cerium tritide alloy and then by aliquoting from this master alloy and diluting with pure cerium powder to form a series of standards with different tritium concentrations. The major difficulty in synthesizing these standards is that the samples contain extremely low levels of tritium, which span over three decades of concentrations. The synthesis technique and initial data obtained for cerium hydride samples will be presented. C1 [Bach, H. T.; Allen, T. H.; Hill, D. D.; Martinez, P. T.; Schwarz, R. B.; Paglieri, S. N.; Wermer, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Bach, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS C927, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hbach@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000045 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Hsu, RH AF Klein, J. E. Hsu, R. H. TI Air passivation of metal hydride beds for waste disposal SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID TRITIUM-STORAGE; URANIUM; VESSEL AB One waste acceptance criteria for hydride bed waste disposal is that the bed be non-pyrophoric. Batch-wise air ingress tests were performed which determined the amount of air consumed by a metal hydride bed. A desorbed, 4.4 kg titanium prototype hydride storage vessel (HSV) produced a 4.4 degrees C internal temperature rise upon the first air exposure cycle and a 0.1 degrees C temperature rise upon a second air exposure. A total of 346 scc air was consumed by the bed (0.08 scc per gram Ti). A desorbed, 9.66 kg LaNi4.25Al0.75 prototype storage bed experienced larger temperature rises over successive cycles of air ingress and evacuation. The cycles were performed over a period of days with the bed effectively passivated after the 12(th) cycle. Nine to ten STP-L of air reacted with the bed producing both oxidized metal and water. C1 [Klein, J. E.; Hsu, R. H.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM james.klein@srnl.dom.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000051 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR Raskob, W AF Peterson, S. Ring Raskob, Wolfgang TI Historical doses to the public from routine and accidental releases of tritium - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1953-2005 SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY AB Throughout fifty-three years of operations, an estimated 29,300 TBq of tritium have been released to the atmosphere at the Livermore site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; about 75% of this was released accidentally as gaseous tritium in 1965 and 1970. Routine emissions contributed slightly more than 3,700 TBq gaseous tritium and about 2,800 TBq tritiated water vapor to the total. Mean annual doses (with 95% confidence intervals) to the most exposed member of the public were calculated for all years using the same model and the same assumptions. Because time-dependent tritium models require detailed meteorological data that were unavailable for the large releases, ingestionlinhalation dose ratios were derived from experience with UFOTRI. Even with assumptions to assure that doses would not be underestimated, all doses from routine and accidental releases were below the level (3.6 mSv) at which adverse health effects have been documented, and most were below the current regulatory limit of 100 mu Sv per year from releases to the atmosphere. C1 [Peterson, S. Ring] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Raskob, Wolfgang] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Tech & Umwelt, Inst Kern & Energietech IKET, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Peterson, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM peterson49@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000062 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, K Hayashi, T Iwai, Y Yamanishi, T Willms, RS Carlson, RV AF Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Hayashi, Takumi Iwai, Yasunori Yamanishi, Toshihiko Willms, R. Scott Carlson, R. V. TI Tritium behavior intentionally released in the room SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Rochester, NY ID VENTILATED ROOM; FUSION-REACTOR; DETRITIATION; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATION; CAISSON; SAFETY AB To construct a fusion reactor with high safety and acceptability, it is necessary to establish and to ensure tritium safe handling technology. Tritium should be well-controlled not to be released to the environment excessively and to prevent workers from excess exposure. It is especially important to grasp tritium behavior in the final confinement area, such as the room and/or building. In order to obtain data for actual tritium behavior in a room and/or building, a series of intentional Tritium Release Experiments (TREs) were planned and carried out within a radiologically controlled area (main cell) at Tritium System Test Assembly (TSTA) in Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under US-JAPAN collaboration program. These experiments were carried out three times. In these experiments, influence of a difference in the tritium release point and the amount of hydrogen isotope for the initial tritium behavior in the room were suggested Tritium was released into the main cell at TSTA/LANL. The released tritium reached a uniform concentration about 30 similar to 40 minutes in all the experiments. The influence of the release point and the amount of hydrogen isotope were not found to be important in these experiments. The experimental results for the initial tritium behavior in the room were also simulated well by the modified three-dimensional eddy flow analysis code FLOW-3D. C1 [Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Hayashi, Takumi; Iwai, Yasunori; Yamanishi, Toshihiko] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Directorates Fus Energy Res, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Willms, R. Scott; Carlson, R. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Directorates Fus Energy Res, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM kobayashi.kazuhiro@jaea.go.jp NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 334EV UT WOS:000258206000070 ER PT J AU Holland, LZ Albalat, R Azumi, K Benito-Gutierrez, E Blow, MJ Bronner-Fraser, M Brunet, F Butts, T Candiani, S Dishaw, LJ Ferrier, DEK Garcia-Fernandez, J Gibson-Brown, JJ Gissi, C Godzik, A Hallbook, F Hirose, D Hosomichi, K Ikuta, T Inoko, H Kasahara, M Kasamatsu, J Kawashima, T Kimura, A Kobayashi, M Kozmik, Z Kubokawa, K Laudet, V Litman, GW McHardy, AC Meulemans, D Nonaka, M Olinski, RP Pancer, Z Pennacchio, LA Pestarino, M Rast, JP Rigoutsos, I Robinson-Rechavi, M Roch, G Saiga, H Sasakura, Y Satake, M Satou, Y Schubert, M Sherwood, N Shiina, T Takatori, N Tello, J Vopalensky, P Wada, S Xu, AL Ye, YZ Yoshida, K Yoshizaki, F Yu, JK Zhang, Q Zmasek, CM de Jong, PJ Osoegawa, K Putnam, NH Rokhsar, DS Satoh, N Holland, PWH AF Holland, Linda Z. Albalat, Ricard Azumi, Kaoru Benito-Gutierrez, Elia Blow, Matthew J. Bronner-Fraser, Marianne Brunet, Frederic Butts, Thomas Candiani, Simona Dishaw, Larry J. Ferrier, David E. K. Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J. Gissi, Carmela Godzik, Adam Hallbook, Finn Hirose, Dan Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Tetsuro Inoko, Hidetoshi Kasahara, Masanori Kasamatsu, Jun Kawashima, Takeshi Kimura, Ayuko Kobayashi, Masaaki Kozmik, Zbynek Kubokawa, Kaoru Laudet, Vincent Litman, Gary W. McHardy, Alice C. Meulemans, Daniel Nonaka, Masaru Olinski, Robert P. Pancer, Zeev Pennacchio, Len A. Pestarino, Mario Rast, Jonathan P. Rigoutsos, Isidore Robinson-Rechavi, Marc Roch, Graeme Saiga, Hidetoshi Sasakura, Yasunori Satake, Masanobu Satou, Yutaka Schubert, Michael Sherwood, Nancy Shiina, Takashi Takatori, Naohito Tello, Javier Vopalensky, Pavel Wada, Shuichi Xu, Anlong Ye, Yuzhen Yoshida, Keita Yoshizaki, Fumiko Yu, Jr-Kai Zhang, Qing Zmasek, Christian M. de Jong, Pieter J. Osoegawa, Kazutoyo Putnam, Nicholas H. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Satoh, Noriyuki Holland, Peter W. H. TI The amphioxus genome illuminates vertebrate origins and cephalochordate biology SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEURAL CREST; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BRANCHIOSTOMA-BELCHERI; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SEA-URCHIN; GENE; INSIGHTS AB Cephalochordates, urochordates, and vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor over 520 million years ago. To improve our understanding of chordate evolution and the origin of vertebrates, we intensively searched for particular genes, gene families, and conserved noncoding elements in the sequenced genome of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae, commonly called amphioxus or lancelets. Special attention was given to homeobox genes, opsin genes, genes involved in neural crest development, nuclear receptor genes, genes encoding components of the endocrine and immune systems, and conserved cis-regulatory enhancers. The amphioxus genome contains a basic set of chordate genes involved in development and cell signaling, including a fifteenth Hox gene. This set includes many genes that were co-opted in vertebrates for new roles in neural crest development and adaptive immunity. However, where amphioxus has a single gene, vertebrates often have two, three, or four paralogs derived from two whole-genome duplication events. In addition, several transcriptional enhancers are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates-a very wide phylogenetic distance. In contrast, urochordate genomes have lost many genes, including a diversity of homeobox families and genes involved in steroid hormone function. The amphioxus genome also exhibits derived features, including duplications of opsins and genes proposed to function in innate immunity and endocrine systems. Our results indicate that the amphioxus genome is elemental to an understanding of the biology and evolution of nonchordate deuterostomes, invertebrate chordates, and vertebrates. C1 [Holland, Linda Z.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Albalat, Ricard; Benito-Gutierrez, Elia; Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Azumi, Kaoru] Hokkaido Univ, Div Innovat Res, Creat Res Initiat Sousei, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan. [Blow, Matthew J.; Pennacchio, Len A.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Bronner-Fraser, Marianne; Yu, Jr-Kai] CALTECH, Div Biol 139 74, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brunet, Frederic; Laudet, Vincent; Schubert, Michael] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, Inst Genom Fonct Lyon,UMR Biosci Lyon Gerland 524, UCBL,ENS,INRA 1288,IFR128, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Butts, Thomas; Ferrier, David E. K.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Candiani, Simona; Pestarino, Mario] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Biol, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Dishaw, Larry J.; Litman, Gary W.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Dishaw, Larry J.; Litman, Gary W.] All Childrens Hosp, Dept Mol Genet, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ferrier, David E. K.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Gissi, Carmela] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Biomol Biotecnol, Milan, Italy. [Godzik, Adam; Ye, Yuzhen; Zhang, Qing; Zmasek, Christian M.] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hallbook, Finn; Olinski, Robert P.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Unit Dev Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Hirose, Dan; Saiga, Hidetoshi; Takatori, Naohito; Yoshida, Keita] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Sci Biol, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Shiina, Takashi] Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Life Sci, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. [Kasahara, Masanori; Kasamatsu, Jun] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan. [Kawashima, Takeshi; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kimura, Ayuko; Nonaka, Masaru] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Tokyo 113033, Japan. [Kozmik, Zbynek; Vopalensky, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Mol Genet, CR-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Kubokawa, Kaoru] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Ctr Adv Marine Res, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Litman, Gary W.] Univ S Florida, Dept Pediat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McHardy, Alice C.; Rigoutsos, Isidore] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Bioinformat & Pattern Discovery Grp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Pancer, Zeev] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Rast, Jonathan P.] Univ Toronto, Sunnybrook Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. [Robinson-Rechavi, Marc] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. [Roch, Graeme; Sherwood, Nancy; Tello, Javier] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sasakura, Yasunori] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Satake, Masanobu] Univ Tsukuba, Shimoda Marine Res Ctr, Shizuoka 4150025, Japan. [Satou, Yutaka; Satoh, Noriyuki] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mol Immunol, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. [Wada, Shuichi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Xu, Anlong] Nagahama Inst Biosci & Technol, Fac Biosci, Dept Biosci, Shiga 5260829, Japan. [Yoshizaki, Fumiko] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Dept Biochem, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Osoegawa, Kazutoyo] Juntendo Univ, Inst Environm & Gender Specif Med, Chiba 2790021, Japan. [Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J.] Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Holland, LZ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lzholland@ucsd.edu; satoh@ascidian.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp; peter.holland@zoo.ox.ac.uk RI NONAKA, MASARU/G-4929-2014; Candiani, Simona/P-8640-2014; Dishaw, Larry/A-9930-2010; Kimura, Ayuko/M-4027-2015; Kawashima, Takeshi/M-4510-2015; Satou, Yutaka/K-7131-2012; Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi/K-9477-2015; Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi/B-3839-2013; Albalat, Ricard/A-8379-2009; Satoh, Nori/C-4123-2009; Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Zhang, Qing/A-3565-2010; Robinson-Rechavi, Marc/E-9727-2011; Kasahara, Masanori/G-7651-2011; Blow, Matthew/G-6369-2012; Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009; Ferrier, David/D-7595-2013; Tello, Javier/B-3203-2012; Kozmik, Zbynek/G-3581-2014; Kozmik, Zbynek/I-8807-2014; OI Candiani, Simona/0000-0002-4453-5475; Dishaw, Larry/0000-0002-2705-4573; Kimura, Ayuko/0000-0003-1315-1118; Satou, Yutaka/0000-0001-5193-0708; Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi/0000-0003-2712-1825; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631; Gissi, Carmela/0000-0002-2269-079X; Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi/0000-0001-5677-5970; Albalat, Ricard/0000-0003-0282-9595; Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Robinson-Rechavi, Marc/0000-0002-3437-3329; Blow, Matthew/0000-0002-8844-9149; Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X; Ferrier, David/0000-0003-3247-6233; Vopalensky, Pavel/0000-0002-6171-1557; MEDEIROS, DANIEL/0000-0002-8182-6028; Pestarino, Mario/0000-0003-1681-8950; Holland, Peter/0000-0003-1533-9376; Hallbook, Finn/0000-0001-7552-187X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/12067, BBS/B/12067/2]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI023338, R01 AI023338-23]; Wellcome Trust NR 88 TC 305 Z9 320 U1 3 U2 50 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1100 EP 1111 DI 10.1101/gr.073676.107 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 320QC UT WOS:000257249100010 PM 18562680 ER PT J AU Gupta, N Benhamida, J Bhargava, V Goodman, D Kain, E Kerman, I Nguyen, N Ollikainen, N Rodriguez, J Wang, J Lipton, MS Romine, M Bafna, V Smith, RD Pevzner, PA AF Gupta, Nitin Benhamida, Jamal Bhargava, Vipul Goodman, Daniel Kain, Elisabeth Kerman, Ian Nguyen, Ngan Ollikainen, Noah Rodriguez, Jesse Wang, Jian Lipton, Mary S. Romine, Margaret Bafna, Vineet Smith, Richard D. Pevzner, Pavel A. TI Comparative proteogenomics: Combining mass spectrometry and comparative genomics to analyze multiple genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION DATA; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; GENE STRUCTURE; FACTOR-II; PEPTIDE; ANNOTATION AB Recent proliferation of low-cost DNA sequencing techniques will soon lead to an explosive growth in the number of sequenced genomes and will turn manual annotations into a luxury. Mass spectrometry recently emerged as a valuable technique for proteogenomic annotations that improves on the state-of-the-art in predicting genes and other features. However, previous proteogenomic approaches were limited to a single genome and did not take advantage of analyzing mass spectrometry data from multiple genomes at once. We show that such a comparative proteogenomics approach ( like comparative genomics) allows one to address the problems that remained beyond the reach of the traditional "single proteome" approach in mass spectrometry. In particular, we show how comparative proteogenomics addresses the notoriously difficult problem of "one-hit-wonders" in proteomics, improves on the existing gene prediction tools in genomics, and allows identification of rare post-translational modifications. We therefore argue that complementing DNA sequencing projects by comparative proteogenomics projects can be a viable approach to improve both genomic and proteomic annotations. C1 [Gupta, Nitin; Benhamida, Jamal; Bhargava, Vipul; Goodman, Daniel; Kain, Elisabeth; Nguyen, Ngan; Ollikainen, Noah; Rodriguez, Jesse; Wang, Jian; Bafna, Vineet; Pevzner, Pavel A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kerman, Ian] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lipton, Mary S.; Romine, Margaret; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bafna, Vineet; Pevzner, Pavel A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ngupta@ucsd.edu RI Gupta, Nitin/G-2420-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; bhargava, vipul/G-4358-2015; OI Gupta, Nitin/0000-0002-8408-3848; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NCRR NIH HHS [1-R01-RR16522, R01 RR016522] NR 57 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 18 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1133 EP 1142 DI 10.1101/gr.074344.107 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 320QC UT WOS:000257249100013 PM 18426904 ER PT J AU Anovitzi, LM Lynn, GW Cole, DR Rother, G Allard, LF Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Kim, MH AF Anovitzi, L. M. Lynn, G. W. Cole, D. R. Rother, G. Allard, L. F. Hamilton, W. A. Porcar, L. Kim, M. -H. TI A new approach to quantification of metamorphism using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Anovitzi, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Anovitzi, L. M.; Lynn, G. W.; Cole, D. R.; Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, W. A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Porcar, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, M. -H.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Mat Sci & Tech Res Div, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600062 ER PT J AU Boily, JF AF Boily, Jean-Francois TI Gas-phase protonation of oxo and hydroxo groups at the metal oxide surface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Boily, Jean-Francois] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A94 EP A94 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600194 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Gelabert, A Wang, Y Cismasu, C Ha, J Ona-Nguema, G Benzerara, K Morin, G Yang, Y Juillot, F Guyot, F Calas, G Yoon, TH Bargar, JR Eng, PJ Templeton, AS Trainor, TP Spormann, AM AF Brown, G. E., Jr. Gelabert, A. Wang, Y. Cismasu, C. Ha, J. Ona-Nguema, G. Benzerara, K. Morin, G. Yang, Y. Juillot, F. Guyot, F. Calas, G. Yoon, T. H. Bargar, J. R. Eng, P. J. Templeton, A. S. Trainor, T. P. Spormann, A. M. TI Synchrotron X-ray studies of bacteria-mineral-metal ion interactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Brown, G. E., Jr.; Gelabert, A.; Wang, Y.; Cismasu, C.; Ha, J.; Ona-Nguema, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ona-Nguema, G.; Benzerara, K.; Morin, G.; Yang, Y.; Juillot, F.; Guyot, F.; Calas, G.] Univ Paris 06, IMPMC, F-75015 Paris, France. [Yoon, T. H.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Eng, P. J.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Templeton, A. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trainor, T. P.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Spormann, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon.brown@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011; Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A116 EP A116 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600239 ER PT J AU Butterworth, AL Tyliszczak, T Westphal, AJ Frank, D Gainsforth, Z Ogliore, R AF Butterworth, A. L. Tyliszczak, T. Westphal, A. J. Frank, D. Gainsforth, Z. Ogliore, R. TI STXM analysis of NASA Stardust returned samples in low-density silica aerogel SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Butterworth, A. L.; Westphal, A. J.; Frank, D.; Gainsforth, Z.; Ogliore, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyliszczak, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM annab@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600257 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Qafoku, NP Kukkadapu, R Williams, KH Lesher, E Figueroa, L Peacock, A Wilkins, MJ Davis, JA Icenhower, J Long, PE AF Campbell, K. M. Qafoku, N. P. Kukkadapu, R. Williams, K. H. Lesher, E. Figueroa, L. Peacock, A. Wilkins, M. J. Davis, J. A. Icenhower, J. Long, P. E. TI Characterizing the extent and role of natural subsurface bioreduction in a uranium-contaminated aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Campbell, K. M.; Davis, J. A.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Qafoku, N. P.; Kukkadapu, R.; Icenhower, J.; Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 98816 USA. [Williams, K. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lesher, E.; Figueroa, L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Peacock, A.] Haley & Aldrich Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A133 EP A133 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600273 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC AF Chakoumakos, B. C. TI Why neutron scattering should be in the geoscientist's toolbox SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Chakoumakos, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kou@ornl.gov RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A146 EP A146 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600299 ER PT J AU Cismasu, C Ona-Nguema, G Bonnin, D Menguy, N Brown, GE AF Cismasu, C. Ona-Nguema, G. Bonnin, D. Menguy, N. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Zinc and Arsenic immobilization and magnetite formation upon reduction of maghemite by Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 8071 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cismasu, C.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ona-Nguema, G.; Menguy, N.] Univ Paris 6 & 7, CNRS, IMPMC, UMR 7590, Paris, France. [Bonnin, D.] Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, Phys Quant Lab, Paris, France. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cismasu@stanford.edu; georges.ona-nguema@impmc.jussieu.fr; dominique.bonnin@espci.fr; nicolas.menguy@impmc.jussieu.fr; gordon.brown@stanford.edu RI MENGUY, Nicolas/F-5607-2012 OI MENGUY, Nicolas/0000-0003-4613-2490 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A165 EP A165 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600336 ER PT J AU Cody, GD Yabuta, H Alexander, CMO Kilcoyne, ALD AF Cody, G. D. Yabuta, H. Alexander, C. M. O'D. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. TI Sub-micron XANES analysis of the organic structure of comet wild 2/81P particles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cody, G. D.; Yabuta, H.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Alexander, C. M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Lawrence, KS USA. EM gcody@ciw.edu; hyabuta@ciw.edu; alexande@dtm.ciw.edu; ALKIlcoyne@lbl.gov RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A171 EP A171 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600349 ER PT J AU Cole, DR Mamontov, E Dai, S Pawel, MD Liang, CD Jenkins, T Gasparovic, G Kintzel, EJ Vlcek, L Cummings, PT AF Cole, D. R. Mamontov, E. Dai, S. Pawel, M. D. Liang, C. D. Jenkins, T. Gasparovic, G. Kintzel, E. J. Vlcek, L. Cummings, P. T. TI Dynamics of water in aqueous solutions confined in silica matrices determined from neutron scattering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cole, D. R.; Mamontov, E.; Dai, S.; Pawel, M. D.; Liang, C. D.; Kintzel, E. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vlcek, L.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. [Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM coledr@ornl.gov RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Pawel, Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Pawel, Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A172 EP A172 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600351 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Holden, NH Wieser, ME AF Coplen, T. B. Holden, N. H. Wieser, M. E. TI What is the standard atomic weight of an element? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT C1 [Coplen, T. B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Holden, N. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wieser, M. E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov; holden@bnl.gov; mwieser@ucalgary.ca NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A178 EP A178 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600362 ER PT J AU Cornejo-Garrido, H Guzman, J Alonso-Gomez, A Fernandez-Lomelin, P Trejo, M Hao, Z Lapidus-Lavine, G Gilbert, B Cervini-Silva, J AF Cornejo-Garrido, H. Guzman, J. Alonso-Gomez, A. Fernandez-Lomelin, P. Trejo, M. Hao, Z. Lapidus-Lavine, G. Gilbert, B. Cervini-Silva, J. TI Siderophores catalyze the oxidation of commercial Pb to nano-sized lead (hydr)oxides stable in water at pH 5 and 25 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cornejo-Garrido, H.; Fernandez-Lomelin, P.; Cervini-Silva, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geografia, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Guzman, J.] CICATA IPN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Alonso-Gomez, A.] UAM Izatapalapa, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Trejo, M.] CIDETEQ IPN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Hao, Z.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Gilbert, B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A180 EP A180 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600367 ER PT J AU Cottrell, E Fei, Y Ricolleau, A Prakapenka, V AF Cottrell, E. Fei, Y. Ricolleau, A. Prakapenka, V. TI Obtaining D-Ni(met/sil) in the LHDAC SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cottrell, E.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fei, Y.; Ricolleau, A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Prakapenka, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM CottrellE@si.edu; y.fei@gl.ciw.edu; aricolleau@gl.ciw.edu; prakapenka@cars.uchicago.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A183 EP A183 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600373 ER PT J AU Courtin-Nomade, A Vanaecker, M Kunz, M Tamura, N AF Courtin-Nomade, A. Vanaecker, M. Kunz, M. Tamura, N. TI Coupling micro-Raman and microscanning X-ray diffraction to characterize heterogeneous material SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Courtin-Nomade, A.; Vanaecker, M.] Univ Limoges, FST, F-87060 Limoges, France. [Kunz, M.; Tamura, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alexandra.courtin@unilim.fr; maxime.vanaecker@unilim.fr; MKunz@lbl.gov; NTamura@lbl.gov RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A185 EP A185 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600376 ER PT J AU Criscenti, LJ Allen, HA Chen, CC Katz, LE Larentzos, JP Xu, M AF Criscenti, L. J. Allen, H. A. Chen, C. C. Katz, L. E. Larentzos, J. P. Xu, M. TI Molecular modelling of metal speciation in aqueous solution and at the mineral surface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Criscenti, L. J.; Larentzos, J. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Allen, H. A.; Xu, M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chen, C. C.; Katz, L. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ljcrisc@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A188 EP A188 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600383 ER PT J AU Darling, TW Tencate, JA Proffen, T Vogel, S AF Darling, T. W. Tencate, J. A. Proffen, Th. Vogel, S. TI Crystallinity and grain contact mechanics - Neutron TOF scattering in sandstones SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Darling, T. W.] UNR, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tencate, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Proffen, Th.; Vogel, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Ctr, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM darling@umr.edu; tencate@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A197 EP A197 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600401 ER PT J AU Davis, AM Veryovkin, IV Stephan, T Pellin, MJ Savina, MR Parai, R Knight, KB Levine, J AF Davis, A. M. Veryovkin, I. V. Stephan, T. Pellin, M. J. Savina, M. R. Parai, R. Knight, K. B. Levine, J. TI Construction of the ion nanoprobe: A progress report SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Davis, A. M.; Stephan, T.; Parai, R.; Knight, K. B.; Levine, J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Veryovkin, I. V.; Pellin, M. J.; Savina, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Davis, A. M.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, A. M.; Veryovkin, I. V.; Stephan, T.; Pellin, M. J.; Savina, M. R.; Parai, R.; Knight, K. B.; Levine, J.] Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL USA. EM a-davis@uchicago.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A201 EP A201 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600409 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Wesolowski, DJ Anovitz, LM Allard, LF Brantley, SL Mueller, KT AF Davis, M. C. Wesolowski, D. J. Anovitz, L. M. Allard, L. F. Brantley, S. L. Mueller, K. T. TI Near-equilibrium investigations of quartz and forsterite dissolution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Davis, M. C.; Mueller, K. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.; Anovitz, L. M.; Allard, L. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mcd930@psu.edu; wesolowskid@ornl.gov; anovitzlm@ornl.gov; allardlfjr@ornl.gov; brantley@essc.psu.edu; ktm2@psu.edu RI Mueller, Karl/A-3637-2010; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A202 EP A202 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600411 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Lu, ZT Bailey, K Davis, AM Dunford, RW Hu, SM Jiang, W Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Purtschert, R Sturchio, NC Yokochi, R Young, L AF Ding, Y. Lu, Z. -T. Bailey, K. Davis, A. M. Dunford, R. W. Hu, S. -M. Jiang, W. Mueller, P. O'Connor, T. P. Purtschert, R. Sturchio, N. C. Yokochi, R. Young, L. TI Kr-81 dating and Kr-85 dating SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ding, Y.; Lu, Z. -T.; Bailey, K.; Mueller, P.; O'Connor, T. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ding, Y.; Lu, Z. -T.; Davis, A. M.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lu, Z. -T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, A. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dunford, R. W.; Young, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hu, S. -M.; Jiang, W.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Purtschert, R.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Sturchio, N. C.; Yokochi, R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Purtschert, Roland/N-7108-2016 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Purtschert, Roland/0000-0002-4734-7664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A218 EP A218 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600443 ER PT J AU Dobrzhinetskaya, L Wirth, R Yang, J Green, H Weber, P Hutcheon, I AF Dobrzhinetskaya, L. Wirth, R. Yang, J. Green, H. Weber, P. Hutcheon, I. TI Boron and Nitrogen in ultrahigh-pressure terrestrial rocks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Dobrzhinetskaya, L.; Green, H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wirth, R.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Yang, J.] Inst Geol, Key Lab Continental Dynam, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Weber, P.; Hutcheon, I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM larissa@ucr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A221 EP A221 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600449 ER PT J AU Duckworth, OW Bargar, JR Spositio, G AF Duckworth, O. W. Bargar, J. R. Spositio, G. TI Sorption of iron from siderophore complexes by Mn oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Duckworth, O. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Spositio, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM owen_duckworth@ncsu.edu; bargar@slac.stanford.edu; gsposito@nature.berkeley.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A230 EP A230 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600466 ER PT J AU Esser, BK Mcnab, WW Moran, JE Singleton, MJ AF Esser, B. K. Mcnab, W. W. Moran, J. E. Singleton, M. J. TI Arsenic mobilization associated with applied recharge of low-TDS water in Central Valley, California SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Esser, B. K.; Mcnab, W. W.; Moran, J. E.; Singleton, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bkesser@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A247 EP A247 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600501 ER PT J AU Ewing, RC Weber, WJ Lang, M AF Ewing, Rodney C. Weber, William J. Lang, Maik TI Radiation effects in zircon and apatite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ewing, Rodney C.; Lang, Maik] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lang, Maik/F-9939-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A248 EP A248 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600503 ER PT J AU Fandeur, D Juillot, F Fritsch, E Olivi, L Morin, G Brown, GE Webb, S Ambrosi, JP AF Fandeur, D. Juillot, F. Fritsch, E. Olivi, L. Morin, G. Brown, G. E., Jr. Webb, S. Ambrosi, J. P. TI Cr behavior after oxidation by Mn-oxides along a weathering profile in New Caledonia SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Fandeur, D.; Juillot, F.; Fritsch, E.; Morin, G.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, IMPMC,IPGP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Olivi, L.] Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Sci Pk, ELETTRA, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [Olivi, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ambrosi, J. P.] Univ Paul Cezanne Univ Provence, CNRS, UMR 6635, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A254 EP A254 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600514 ER PT J AU Fang, YL Yabusaki, SB AF Fang, Yilin Yabusaki, Steven B. TI Multicomponent modeling of in situ uranium bioremediation: Findings and challenges SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Fang, Yilin; Yabusaki, Steven B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yilin.fang@pnl.gov; yabusaki@pnl.gov RI Fang, Yilin/J-5137-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A255 EP A255 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600516 ER PT J AU Ferrier, KL Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC AF Ferrier, Ken L. Kirchner, James W. Finkel, Robert C. TI Cosmogenic-based physical and chemical denudation rates in the Idaho Batholith SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ferrier, Ken L.; Kirchner, James W.; Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ferrier, Ken L.; Finkel, Robert C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kirchner, James W.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Kirchner, James W.] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM ferrier@eps.berkeley.edu; kirchner@eps.berkeley.edu; finkell@llnl.gov RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A266 EP A266 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600539 ER PT J AU Fulton, JL AF Fulton, J. L. TI Ion hydration and contact ion pair structure in supercritical water: X-ray absorption fine structure and molecular dynamics studies SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID CA2+ C1 [Fulton, J. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM john.fulton@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A286 EP A286 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600578 ER PT J AU Gaffney, AM Borg, LE AF Gaffney, Amy M. Borg, Lars E. TI What we are learning about the moon from lunar meteorites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Gaffney, Amy M.; Borg, Lars E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMELS, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gaffney1@llnl.gov RI Gaffney, Amy/F-8423-2014 OI Gaffney, Amy/0000-0001-5714-0029 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A287 EP A287 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600581 ER PT J AU Gelabert, A Wang, YG Ha, JY Ona-Nguema, G Spormann, AM Bargar, JR Rogers, J Eng, P Ghose, S Brown, GE AF Gelabert, Alexandre Wang, Yingge Ha, Juyoung Ona-Nguema, Georges Spormann, Alfred M. Bargar, John R. Rogers, Joe Eng, Perer Ghose, Sanjit Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Parameters controlling metal adsorption at the biofilm/mineral interface: Evidence for a diffusion limited process and comparison with thermodynamic modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Gelabert, Alexandre; Wang, Yingge; Ha, Juyoung; Ona-Nguema, Georges; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bargar, John R.; Rogers, Joe; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eng, Perer; Ghose, Sanjit] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM gelabert@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A301 EP A301 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600609 ER PT J AU Ghose, SK Waychunas, GA Eng, PJ Trainor, TP AF Ghose, Sanjit K. Waychunas, Glenn A. Eng, Peter J. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Structure and reactivity of hydrated goethite (100) interface and Arsenic sorption: CTR and RAXR study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ghose, Sanjit K.; Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Waychunas, Glenn A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ghose@cars.uchicago.edu; GAWaychunas@lbnl.gov; eng@cars.uchicago.edu; fftpt@uaf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A307 EP A307 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600620 ER PT J AU Glasauer, SM Fakra, S Tyliszczak, T Shuh, D AF Glasauer, S. M. Fakra, S. Tyliszczak, T. Shuh, D. TI Defining biomineralization from the bacterial cell wall to the bulk solution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Glasauer, S. M.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1E 4G5, Canada. [Fakra, S.; Tyliszczak, T.; Shuh, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM glasauer@uoguelph.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A312 EP A312 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600631 ER PT J AU Gu, B Luo, W Yan, H AF Gu, B. Luo, W. Yan, H. TI Roles of humic substances in biological reduction, precipitation, and mobilization of uranium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Gu, B.; Luo, W.; Yan, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gub1@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A333 EP A333 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600672 ER PT J AU Gunderson, KM Wellman, DM AF Gunderson, Katie M. Wellman, Dawn M. TI Effect of co-contaminants on in situ phosphate-based immobilization of uranium: Dissolution kinetics of autunite in the presence of tributyl phosphate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Gunderson, Katie M.; Wellman, Dawn M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gunderson, Katie M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Coll Earth & Energy, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gunderson, Katie M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Geochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM katie.gunderson@pnl.gov; dawn.wellman@pnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A335 EP A335 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600676 ER PT J AU Ha, JY Gelabert, A Wang, YG Spormann, AM Brown, GE AF Ha, Juyoung Gelabert, Alex Wang, Yingge Spormann, Alfred M. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Study of Proton, Pb+2 and Zn+2 adsorption onto Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 strain and a mutant Strain (Delta EPS): Spectroscopic observation and modeling approach SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ha, Juyoung; Gelabert, Alex; Wang, Yingge; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jyha@stanford.edu; gelabert@stanford.edu; ygwang@stanford.edu; spormann@stanford.edu; gordon.brown@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A339 EP A339 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600684 ER PT J AU Hillion, F Kilburn, MR Hoppe, P Messenger, S Weber, PK AF Hillion, F. Kilburn, M. R. Hoppe, P. Messenger, S. Weber, P. K. TI The effect of QSA on S, C, O and Si isotopic ratio measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Hillion, F.] Cameca SA, Gennevilliers, France. [Kilburn, M. R.] Univ Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia. [Hoppe, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Messenger, S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Weber, P. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Kilburn, Matthew/C-4515-2011; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015 OI Kilburn, Matthew/0000-0002-1858-8485; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A377 EP A377 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601018 ER PT J AU Horita, J AF Horita, Juske TI The dolomite problem: Oxygen isotope fractionation to elevated temperatures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID CARBONATE C1 [Horita, Juske] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM horitaj@ornl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A391 EP A391 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601046 ER PT J AU Houston, JR Herberg, JL Maxwell, RS Carroll, SA AF Houston, J. R. Herberg, J. L. Maxwell, R. S. Carroll, S. A. TI Association of aluminum with silica: Connecting molecular structure to surface reactivity using NMR SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Houston, J. R.; Herberg, J. L.; Maxwell, R. S.; Carroll, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM houston23@llnl.gov; carroll6@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A395 EP A395 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601053 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Boily, JF Bargar, J AF Ilton, E. S. Boily, J-F Bargar, J. TI Reaction of aqueous U(VI) with nano-crystalline magnetite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ilton, E. S.; Boily, J-F] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bargar, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@pnl.gov; Bargar@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A408 EP A408 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601079 ER PT J AU Ishii, HA Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Chi, M Kearsley, AT Burchell, MJ Browning, ND Molster, FJ AF Ishii, H. A. Bradley, J. P. Dai, Z. R. Chi, M. Kearsley, A. T. Burchell, M. J. Browning, N. D. Molster, F. J. TI Comet 81P/Wild 2 dust versus cometary interplanetary dust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ishii, H. A.; Bradley, J. P.; Dai, Z. R.; Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA USA. [Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kearsley, A. T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Burchell, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Molster, F. J.] NWO, The Hague, Netherlands. EM hope.ishii@llnl.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015 OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A413 EP A413 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601089 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, B Yin, QZ Moynier, F Amelin, Y Krot, AN Nagashima, K Hutcheon, ID AF Jacobsen, B. Yin, Q. -Z. Moynier, F. Amelin, Y. Krot, A. N. Nagashima, K. Hutcheon, I. D. TI Ephemeral evaporation history of the first solids in the early Solar System SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jacobsen, B.; Yin, Q. -Z.; Moynier, F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moynier, F.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MI USA. [Amelin, Y.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Krot, A. N.; Nagashima, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hutcheon, I. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM jacobsen@geology.ucdavis.edu RI Moynier, Frederic/I-2785-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A418 EP A418 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601100 ER PT J AU Jaffe, PR Banfield, JF Elbishlawi, H Kerkhof, L Komlos, J Kukkadapu, RK Long, PE McGuinness, L Moon, HS Peacock, AD Wilkins, MD Williams, KH AF Jaffe, P. R. Banfield, J. F. Elbishlawi, H. Kerkhof, L. Komlos, J. Kukkadapu, R. K. Long, P. E. McGuinness, L. Moon, H. S. Peacock, A. D. Wilkins, M. D. Williams, K. H. TI Microbial, geochemical, and physical responses to biostimulation for U(VI) reduction in soil columns SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jaffe, P. R.; Elbishlawi, H.; Komlos, J.; Moon, H. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Williams, K. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kerkhof, L.; McGuinness, L.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Kukkadapu, R. K.; Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Peacock, A. D.] Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. EM jaffe@princeton.edu RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A421 EP A421 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601105 ER PT J AU Jin, LX Rother, G Cole, DR Brantley, SL AF Jin, Lixin Rother, Gernot Cole, David R. Brantley, Susan L. TI Development of micro-porosity in granite and shale: Characterizing mineral weathering fronts by neutron scattering studies SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jin, Lixin; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rother, Gernot; Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luj10@psu.edu RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A432 EP A432 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601128 ER PT J AU Jones, K Singurindy, O Molins, S Beckie, R Smith, L Mayer, KU AF Jones, K. Singurindy, O. Molins, S. Beckie, R. Smith, L. Mayer, K. U. TI Reactive gases and inert gas tracers in vadose zone environmental applications SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jones, K.; Singurindy, O.; Beckie, R.; Smith, L.; Mayer, K. U.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Molins, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kjones@eos.ubc.ca; osinguri@eos.ubc.ca; smolins@lbl.gov; rbeckie@eos.ubc.ca; lsmith@eos.ubc.ca; umayer@eos.ubc.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A438 EP A438 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601140 ER PT J AU Jun, YS Waychunas, GA Lee, BD AF Jun, Young-Shin Waychunas, Glenn A. Lee, Byeongdu TI Nature of environmental nanoparticle development at mineral-water interfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Jun, Young-Shin] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Waychunas, Glenn A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ysjun@seas.wustl.edu; GAWaychunas@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A442 EP A442 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601147 ER PT J AU Kalinichev, AG Faraone, A Udovic, TJ Kolesnikov, AI de Souza, NR Reinholdt, MX Kirkpatrick, RJ AF Kalinichev, A. G. Faraone, A. Udovic, T. J. Kolesnikov, A. I. de Souza, N. R. Reinholdt, M. X. Kirkpatrick, R. J. TI Librational dynamics of nano-confined water: Neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics computer simulations for hydrocalumite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kalinichev, A. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Faraone, A.; Udovic, T. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kolesnikov, A. I.; de Souza, N. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Reinholdt, M. X.] Univ Laval, Dept Genie Chim, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Kirkpatrick, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kalinich@chemisry.msu.edu RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A445 EP A445 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601154 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Kemner, KM O'Loughlin, EJ Wu, WM Criddle, C Marsh, TL AF Kelly, Shelly D. Kemner, Kenneth M. O'Loughlin, Edward J. Wu, Wei-Min Criddle, Craig Marsh, Terence L. TI Monitoring uranium transformations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.; O'Loughlin, Edward J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wu, Wei-Min; Criddle, Craig] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA USA. [Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A462 EP A462 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601188 ER PT J AU Kerisit, S Dupuis, M Rosso, KM AF Kerisit, S. Dupuis, M. Rosso, K. M. TI Electron-transfer reactions at water- and cytochrome-iron oxide interfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kerisit, S.; Dupuis, M.; Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sebastien.kerisit@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A465 EP A465 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601194 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Dale, JA Stegemeieri, JP Lentini, CJ Reinsch, BC Gilbert, B AF Kim, C. S. Dale, J. A. Stegemeieri, J. P. Lentini, C. J. Reinsch, B. C. Gilbert, B. TI Effects of nanoparticle aggregation on metal sorption, desorption and speciation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kim, C. S.; Dale, J. A.; Stegemeieri, J. P.] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Gilbert, B.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu RI Reinsch, Brian/D-8897-2012; Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 OI Reinsch, Brian/0000-0003-1516-3382; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A470 EP A470 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601204 ER PT J AU Kimball, BE Mathur, R Dohnalkova, A Brantley, SL AF Kimball, Bryn E. Mathur, Ryan Dohnalkova, Alice Brantley, Susan L. TI Copper isotopic fractionation in acid mine drainage SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kimball, Bryn E.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mathur, Ryan] Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Dohnalkova, Alice] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM bkimball@geosc.psu.edu; brantley@essc.psu.edu RI mathur, ryan/A-5278-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601210 ER PT J AU Kunz, M Tamura, N Wenk, HR AF Kunz, Martin Tamura, Nobumichi Wenk, Hans-Rudolf TI Residual strain and domain orientation in quartz SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Kunz, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tamura, Nobumichi; Wenk, Hans-Rudolf] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkunz@lbl.gov; ntamura@lbl.gov; wenk@berkeley.edu RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A503 EP A503 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601270 ER PT J AU Labotka, T Cole, D Fayek, M AF Labotka, T. Cole, D. Fayek, M. TI Coupled cation and O isotope exchange in alkali feldspar SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Labotka, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cole, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fayek, M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM tlabotka@utk.edu; coledr@ornl.gov; fayek@cc.umanitoba.ca NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A509 EP A509 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601282 ER PT J AU Lee, VE Depaolo, DJ Christensen, JN AF Lee, Victoria E. Depaolo, Donald J. Christensen, John N. TI U-series comminution ages from a Pleistocene alluvial fan SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lee, Victoria E.; Depaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Depaolo, Donald J.; Christensen, John N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vlee@eps.berkeley.edu; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu; JNChristensen@lbl.gov RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A529 EP A529 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601322 ER PT J AU Lesher, CE Wang, Y Gaudio, SJ Clark, A Sanehira, T Yamada, A Roberts, J AF Lesher, C. E. Wang, Y. Gaudio, S. J. Clark, A. Sanehira, T. Yamada, A. Roberts, J. TI X-ray microtomography under extreme conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lesher, C. E.; Gaudio, S. J.; Clark, A.; Yamada, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Y.; Sanehira, T.] Univ Chicago, GeoSCoilEnvironCARS, Ctr Advacned Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Roberts, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. EM celesher@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A536 EP A536 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601336 ER PT J AU Levchenko, AA Navrotsky, A Ross, NL Spencer, EC Kolesnikov, AI Wesolowski, DJ Mamontov, E Cole, DR Wang, W Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF AF Levchenko, A. A. Navrotsky, A. Ross, N. L. Spencer, E. C. Kolesnikov, A. I. Wesolowski, D. J. Mamontov, E. Cole, D. R. Wang, W. Boerio-Goates, J. Woodfield, B. F. TI An inelastic neutron scattering study of adsorbed water on rutile and cassiterite nanoparticles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID SURFACE C1 [Levchenko, A. A.; Navrotsky, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ross, N. L.; Spencer, E. C.; Boerio-Goates, J.; Woodfield, B. F.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kolesnikov, A. I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.; Mamontov, E.; Cole, D. R.; Wang, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alevchenko@ucdavis.edu RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A537 EP A537 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601338 ER PT J AU Li, J Gao, L Chen, B Alp, E Zhao, J Hirose, K AF Li, J. Gao, L. Chen, B. Alp, E. Zhao, J. Hirose, K. TI Effects of spin crossover on Iron partitioning in deep Earth SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Li, J.; Gao, L.; Chen, B.; Alp, E.; Zhao, J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hirose, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hirose, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM jackieli@uiuc.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A541 EP A541 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601345 ER PT J AU Long, PE AF Long, P. E. TI Field-scale bioreduction of U(VI) to U(IV) in an alluvial aquifer: Evidence for microbially mediated precipitation of uranium under both natural and biostimulated conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM philip.long@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A568 EP A568 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601398 ER PT J AU MacLean, LCW Southam, G Kimball, BE Brantley, SL Wirick, S AF MacLean, L. C. W. Southam, G. Kimball, B. E. Brantley, S. L. Wirick, S. TI Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) in biogeochemical environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [MacLean, L. C. W.; Kimball, B. E.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Southam, G.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Wirick, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. EM lmaclean@geosc.psu.edu RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A581 EP A581 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601425 ER PT J AU Marshall, MJ Kennedy, DW Plymale, AE Dohnalkova, AC Beliaev, AS Shi, L Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK AF Marshall, M. J. Kennedy, D. W. Plymale, A. E. Dohnalkova, A. C. Beliaev, A. S. Shi, L. Zachara, J. M. Fredrickson, J. K. TI Molecular-scale biogeochemical mechanisms affecting the mobility of Hanford Site contaminants SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Marshall, M. J.; Kennedy, D. W.; Plymale, A. E.; Dohnalkova, A. C.; Beliaev, A. S.; Shi, L.; Zachara, J. M.; Fredrickson, J. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM matthew.marshall@pnl.gov RI Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016 OI Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A595 EP A595 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601452 ER PT J AU Michel, FM McDonald, J Feng, J Phillips, BL Ehm, L Tarabrella, C Parise, JB Reeder, RJ AF Michel, F. M. McDonald, J. Feng, J. Phillips, B. L. Ehm, L. Tarabrella, C. Parise, J. B. Reeder, R. J. TI Structural characteristics of synthetic amorphous calcium carbonate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Michel, F. M.; McDonald, J.; Feng, J.; Phillips, B. L.; Parise, J. B.; Reeder, R. J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Michel, F. M.; McDonald, J.; Phillips, B. L.; Ehm, L.; Tarabrella, C.; Parise, J. B.; Reeder, R. J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ehm, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fmarcmichel@gmail.com; lars.ehm@stonybrook.edu; john.parise@sunysb.edu; rjreeder@stonybrook.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A626 EP A626 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601514 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Miller, CF Matzel, J Claiborne, L Wooden, JL Poli, G Nebel, O Vroon, PZ Davies, GR Mazdab, F Leslie, S AF Miller, J. S. Miller, C. F. Matzel, J. Claiborne, L. Wooden, J. L. Poli, G. Nebel, O. Vroon, P. Z. Davies, G. R. Mazdab, F. Leslie, S. TI Zircon recycling in felsic magmas SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Miller, J. S.; Leslie, S.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Miller, C. F.; Claiborne, L.] Vanderbilt Univ, EES, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Matzel, J.] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F.] SUMAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Poli, G.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Nebel, O.; Vroon, P. Z.; Davies, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM Jonathan.Miller@sjsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A630 EP A630 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601522 ER PT J AU Mitchelli, AC Phillips, AJ Kaszuba, JP Hollis, WK Cunningham, ALB Gerlach, R AF Mitchelli, Andrew C. Phillips, Adrienne J. Kaszuba, John P. Hollis, W. Kirk Cunningham, A. L. B. Gerlach, Robin TI Microbially enhanced carbonate mineralization and the geologic containment of CO2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Mitchelli, Andrew C.; Phillips, Adrienne J.; Cunningham, A. L. B.; Gerlach, Robin] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kaszuba, John P.; Hollis, W. Kirk] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gerlach, Robin/A-9474-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A636 EP A636 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601535 ER PT J AU Navarre-Sitchler, A Cole, D Rother, G Brantley, S AF Navarre-Sitchler, A. Cole, D. Rother, G. Brantley, S. TI Evolution of micro-porosity during weathering of basalt SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Navarre-Sitchler, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cole, D.; Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Brantley, S.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM akn112@psu.edu RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A673 EP A673 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601608 ER PT J AU Nico, PS Kumfer, BM Kennedy, IA Anastasio, C AF Nico, Peter S. Kumfer, Benjamin M. Kennedy, Ian A. Anastasio, Cort TI Redox dynamics of mixed metal (Mn, Cr, and Fe) ultrafine particles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumfer, Benjamin M.; Kennedy, Ian A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anastasio, Cort] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM psnico@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A681 EP A681 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601624 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Boyanov, MI Kemner, KM AF O'Loughlin, E. J. Kelly, S. D. Boyanov, M. I. Kemner, K. M. TI Interactions of U(VI) with secondary mineralization products from the bioreduction of Fe(III) oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [O'Loughlin, E. J.; Kelly, S. D.; Kemner, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Boyanov, M. I.] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. EM oloughlin@anl.gov; skelly@ani.gov; mboyanov@nd.edu; kemner@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A694 EP A694 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601651 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Ozaki, T Sakamoto, F Kazai, N Nankawa, T Suzuki, Y Francis, AJ AF Ohnuki, T. Ozaki, T. Sakamoto, F. Kazai, N. Nankawa, T. Suzuki, Y. Francis, A. J. TI Interactions of actinides with microorganisms and organic ligands SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ohnuki, T.; Ozaki, T.; Sakamoto, F.; Kazai, N.; Nankawa, T.; Suzuki, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Francis, A. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A701 EP A701 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601665 ER PT J AU Perkins, RB Grathoff, GH Palmer, CD Mattson, ED AF Perkins, Robert B. Grathoff, Georg H. Palmer, Carl D. Mattson, Earl D. TI Mineralogical changes in oil shale from hydrous retorting SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Perkins, Robert B.; Grathoff, Georg H.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Palmer, Carl D.; Mattson, Earl D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rperkins@pdx.edu; grathoffg@pdx.edu; carl.palmer@inl.gov; earl.mattson@inl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A737 EP A737 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601737 ER PT J AU Plymale, AE Kennedy, D Jaisi, D Dong, H Heald, S Dohnalkova, A Marshall, M Belieav, A McKinley, J Fredrickson, J Zachara, J AF Plymale, A. E. Kennedy, D. Jaisi, D. Dong, H. Heald, S. Dohnalkova, A. Marshall, M. Belieav, A. McKinley, J. Fredrickson, J. Zachara, J. TI Biogeochemical redox reactions controlling Tc-99 solubility SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID REDUCTION C1 [Plymale, A. E.; Kennedy, D.; Dohnalkova, A.; Marshall, M.; Belieav, A.; McKinley, J.; Fredrickson, J.; Zachara, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jaisi, D.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Dong, H.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Heald, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. EM plymale@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A754 EP A754 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602032 ER PT J AU Richardson, CD Kotler, JM Hinman, NW McJunkin, TR Scott, JR AF Richardson, C. Doc Kotler, J. Michelle Hinman, Nancy W. McJunkin, Timothy R. Scott, Jill R. TI Detecting biosignatures associated minerals by Geomatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (GALDI-FTMS) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Richardson, C. Doc; Kotler, J. Michelle; Hinman, Nancy W.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [McJunkin, Timothy R.; Scott, Jill R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI McJunkin, Timothy/G-8385-2011; Scott, Jill/G-7275-2012 OI McJunkin, Timothy/0000-0002-4987-9170; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A793 EP A793 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602110 ER PT J AU Rodes, A Plummer, MA Pallas, R Braucher, R Bourles, DL AF Rodes, A. Plummer, M. A. Pallas, R. Braucher, R. Bourles, D. L. TI Climate during the last glacial cycle in the Pyrenees inferred from Be-10 dating and paleoglacier modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Rodes, A.; Pallas, R.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geol, RISKNAT Grp, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Plummer, M. A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Braucher, R.; Bourles, D. L.] CEREGE, UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. EM angelrodes@ub.edu RI Rodes, Angel/C-9228-2011; Pallas, Raimon/N-6895-2013 OI Pallas, Raimon/0000-0002-2768-6466 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A801 EP A801 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602126 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Santiago, V Fedkin, MV Rosenqvist, J Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN AF Rodriguez-Santiago, V. Fedkin, M. V. Rosenqvist, J. Machesky, M. L. Wesolowski, D. J. Lvov, S. N. TI Surface properties of nanosize oxides by high temperature electrophoresis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID MICROELECTROPHORESIS; INTERFACE C1 [Rodriguez-Santiago, V.; Fedkin, M. V.; Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rodriguez-Santiago, V.; Fedkin, M. V.; Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, Earth & Mineral Sci Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenqvist, J.; Wesolowski, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Machesky, M. L.] Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Watershed Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM lvov@psu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A802 EP A802 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602128 ER PT J AU Rother, G Cole, DR Chialvo, AA Littrell, KC AF Rother, Gernot Cole, David R. Chialvo, Ariel A. Littrell, Kenneth C. TI Characterization of simple fluids under confinement and at free interfaces using neutron scattering techniques SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Rother, Gernot; Cole, David R.; Chialvo, Ariel A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Littrell, Kenneth C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rotherg@ornl.gov; coledr@ornl.gov; chialvoaa@ornl.gov; littrellkc@ornl.gov RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A807 EP A807 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602139 ER PT J AU Schofield, E Mehta, A Webb, S Ulrich, KU Giammar, DE Sharp, JO Veeramani, H Bernier-Latmani, R Conradson, S Clark, D Bargar, JR AF Schofield, E. Mehta, A. Webb, S. Ulrich, K. U. Giammar, D. E. Sharp, J. O. Veeramani, H. Bernier-Latmani, R. Conradson, S. Clark, D. Bargar, J. R. TI Molecular- and nano-scale structure and reactivity of biogenic Uranium(IV) oxide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Schofield, E.; Mehta, A.; Webb, S.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ulrich, K. U.; Giammar, D. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Sharp, J. O.; Veeramani, H.; Bernier-Latmani, R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Conradson, S.; Clark, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A838 EP A838 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602200 ER PT J AU Schofield, PF Smith, AD Scholl, A AF Schofield, P. F. Smith, A. D. Scholl, A. TI Chemical and valence state imaging of mineral intergrowths using X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID XPEEM C1 [Schofield, P. F.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Smith, A. D.] SERC, Daresbury Lab, STFC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Scholl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p.schofield@nhm.ac.uk NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A838 EP A838 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602201 ER PT J AU Sharp, JO Schofield, E Junier, P Veeramani, H Suvorova, E Bargar, JR Bernier-Latmani, R AF Sharp, J. O. Schofield, E. Junier, P. Veeramani, H. Suvorova, E. Bargar, J. R. Bernier-Latmani, R. TI Systematic investigation of the product of microbial U(VI) reduction by different bacteria SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sharp, J. O.; Junier, P.; Veeramani, H.; Suvorova, E.; Bernier-Latmani, R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schofield, E.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM jonathan.sharp@epfl.ch RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A852 EP A852 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602229 ER PT J AU Sinchwand, DM Brown, GE AF Sinchwand, David M. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Uranyl-chlorite sorption/desorption: Evaluation of different sorption meehanisms SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sinchwand, David M.; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmsinger@stanford.edu; gordon.brown@stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A871 EP A871 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602266 ER PT J AU Singleton, MJ Moran, JE Esser, BK Mcnab, WW Carle, SF Cey, BD AF Singleton, M. J. Moran, J. E. Esser, B. K. McNab, W. W. Carle, S. F. Cey, B. D. TI Dissolved gas and isotopic tracers of denitrification SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cey, B. D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Singleton, M. J.; Moran, J. E.; Esser, B. K.; McNab, W. W.; Carle, S. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM singleton20@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A872 EP A872 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602268 ER PT J AU Skomurski, FN Kerisit, S Rosso, KM AF Skomurski, F. N. Kerisit, S. Rosso, K. M. TI Electron-transfer rates in magnetite surfaces: Implications for Uranium reduction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Skomurski, F. N.; Kerisit, S.; Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frances.skomurski@pnl.gov; sebastien.kerisit@pnl.gov; kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A874 EP A874 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602272 ER PT J AU Spagnoli, D Banfield, JF Waychunas, GA Gilbert, B AF Spagnoli, Dino Banfield, Jillian F. Waychunas, Glenn A. Gilbert, Benjamin TI The structure of water around Iron oxide mineral nanoparticles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Spagnoli, Dino; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spagnoli, Dino; Waychunas, Glenn A.; Gilbert, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dspagnoli@berkeley.edu RI Spagnoli, Dino/F-8641-2011; Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 OI Spagnoli, Dino/0000-0001-6367-4748; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A886 EP A886 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602297 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Williams, KH Li, L Davis, JA AF Steefel, Carl I. Williams, Kenneth H. Li, Li Davis, James A. TI Modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic controls on complex biogeochemical reaction networks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Steefel, Carl I.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Li, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM CISteefel@ibl.gov; KHWilliams@ibl.gov; LiLi@ibl.gov; JADacis@usgs.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A893 EP A893 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602311 ER PT J AU Stewart, BD Nico, PS Fendorf, S AF Stewart, Brandy D. Nico, Peter S. Fendorf, Scott TI Stability of Uranium incorporated into Fe(hydr)oxide structures under fluctuating redox conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Stewart, Brandy D.; Fendorf, Scott] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nico, Peter S.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stewartb@stanford.edu RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A900 EP A900 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602324 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Caffee, MW Bohlke, JK Gu, B Hatzinger, PB AF Sturchio, N. C. Caffee, M. W. Boehlke, J. K. Gu, B. Hatzinger, P. B. TI Cl-36: Tracer of perchlorate origin? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sturchio, N. C.] Univ Illinois, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Caffee, M. W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gu, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hatzinger, P. B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM sturchio@uic.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A910 EP A910 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602344 ER PT J AU Ulrich, KU Schofield, EJ Bargar, JR Sharp, JO Veeramani, H Bernier-Latmani, R Singh, A Giammar, DE AF Ulrich, K. -U. Schofield, E. J. Bargar, J. R. Sharp, J. O. Veeramani, H. Bernier-Latmani, R. Singh, A. Giammar, D. E. TI Nano-scale structure and stability of biogenic Uranium(IV) oxide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ulrich, K. -U.; Singh, A.; Giammar, D. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Schofield, E. J.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sharp, J. O.; Veeramani, H.; Bernier-Latmani, R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM k.ulrich@seas.wustl.edu; bargar@slac.stanford.edu; giammar@wustl.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A966 EP A966 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602457 ER PT J AU Veeramani, H Sharp, JO Suvorova, E Schofield, E Ulrich, KU Giammar, DE Bargar, JR Bernier-Latmani, R AF Veeramani, H. Sharp, J. O. Suvorova, E. Schofield, E. Ulrich, K. U. Giammar, D. E. Bargar, J. R. Bernier-Latmani, R. TI Effect of Mn(II) on the oxidative dissolution of biogenic UO2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Veeramani, H.; Sharp, J. O.; Suvorova, E.; Bernier-Latmani, R.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schofield, E.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Ulrich, K. U.; Giammar, D. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. EM harish.veeramani@epfl.ch RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A979 EP A979 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602483 ER PT J AU Wang, W Liang, L Johs, A Ankner, JF Gu, B AF Wang, W. Liang, L. Johs, A. Ankner, J. F. Gu, B. TI Controlled synthesis, manipulation of surface hydrophobicity, and self-assembly of hematite nanocrystals SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wang, W.; Liang, L.; Johs, A.; Gu, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ankner, J. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Johs, Alexander/F-1229-2011; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Johs, Alexander/0000-0003-0098-2254; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1001 EP A1001 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602526 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Gao, H Xu, H Siegel, M Konishi, H AF Wang, Yifeng Gao, H. Xu, H. Siegel, M. Konishi, H. TI Surface chemistry and stability of nanostructured materials in natural aquatic environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wang, Yifeng; Gao, H.; Siegel, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Xu, H.; Konishi, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1002 EP A1002 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602529 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Gelabert, A Ha, J Ona-Nguema, G Gescher, J Cordova-Ardy, C Bargar, JR Rogers, J Eng, PJ Ghose, SK Spormann, AM Brown, GE AF Wang, Yingge Gelabert, A. Ha, J. Ona-Nguema, G. Gescher, J. Cordova-Ardy, C. Bargar, J. R. Rogers, J. Eng, P. J. Ghose, S. K. Spormann, A. M. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Impact of S-oneidensis MR-1 biofilm coatings on trace element partitioning at metal-oxide/water interfaces: A long period XSW-FY study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wang, Yingge; Gelabert, A.; Ha, J.; Ona-Nguema, G.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gescher, J.; Cordova-Ardy, C.; Spormann, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bargar, J. R.; Rogers, J.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eng, P. J.; Ghose, S. K.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ygwang@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011; Gescher, Johannes/I-1672-2013 OI Gescher, Johannes/0000-0002-1625-8810 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1003 EP A1003 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602531 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Fang, XM Zhang, CL Wang, YX AF Wang, Yongli Fang, X. M. Zhang, C. L. Wang, Y. X. TI New biomarkers of lacustrine sediments in Linxia Basin and their climate significance SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wang, Yongli; Wang, Y. X.] CAS, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Gas Geochem, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yongli; Fang, X. M.] CAS, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Ctr Basin Mt Syst & Environm, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Zhang, C. L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM WYLL6800@lzb.ac.cn NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1004 EP A1004 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602533 ER PT J AU Wasylenki, LE Weeks, CL Spiro, TG Bargar, JR Anbar, AD AF Wasylenki, L. E. Weeks, C. L. Spiro, T. G. Bargar, J. R. Anbar, A. D. TI How does metal adsorption cause isotopes to apportion? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wasylenki, L. E.; Anbar, A. D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weeks, C. L.; Spiro, T. G.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anbar, A. D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1007 EP A1007 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602538 ER PT J AU Watkins, J DePaolo, DJ Ryerson, FJ AF Watkins, J. DePaolo, D. J. Ryerson, F. J. TI Diffusive isotope fractionation experiments and the structural components of silicate liquids SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Watkins, J.; DePaolo, D. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, CIG, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryerson, F. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jwatkins@berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1009 EP A1009 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602543 ER PT J AU Waychunas, G Ghose, S Zhang, L Tian, C Shen, YR AF Waychunas, G. Ghose, S. Zhang, L. Tian, C. Shen, Y. R. TI Water structure on mineral surfaces: Comparisons between quartz, corundum and goethite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Waychunas, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ghose, S.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhang, L.; Tian, C.; Shen, Y. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov; sghose@cars.uchicago; lzhang@berkeley.edu; ctian@berkeley.edu; yrshen@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1010 EP A1010 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602545 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, DJ Mamontov, E Vlcek, L Wang, W Cummings, PT Rosenqvist, J Anovitz, LM Cole, DR AF Wesolowski, D. J. Mamontov, E. Vlcek, L. Wang, W. Cummings, P. T. Rosenqvist, J. Anovitz, L. M. Cole, D. R. TI Quasielastic neutron scattering coupled with classical molecular dynamics simulations of water diffusion at metal oxide surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Wesolowski, D. J.; Mamontov, E.; Wang, W.; Rosenqvist, J.; Anovitz, L. M.; Cole, D. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vlcek, L.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. [Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM wesolowskid@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1015 EP A1015 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602555 ER PT J AU Yang, L Steel, C Marcus, M Song, X AF Yang, Li Steel, C. Marcus, M. Song, X. TI Kinetics of Fe(II)-calalyzed transformation of ferrihydrite under anaerobic dynamic flow conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Yang, Li; Steel, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ESD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marcus, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Song, X.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LYang@lbl.gov; CISteefel@lbl.gov; MAMarcus@lbl.gov; X-Song@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1055 EP A1055 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602634 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Luo, W Watson, DB Parker, JC Gu, B Spalding, BP Jardine, PM AF Zhang, Fan Luo, W. Watson, D. B. Parker, J. C. Gu, B. Spalding, B. P. Jardine, P. M. TI A reactive transport model to simulate uranium immobilization through pH manipulation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Zhang, Fan; Luo, W.; Watson, D. B.; Gu, B.; Spalding, B. P.; Jardine, P. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parker, J. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM watsondb@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1080 EP A1080 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602685 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Fenter, P Wesolowski, DJ Anovitz, LM AF Zhang, Zhan Fenter, P. Wesolowski, D. J. Anovitz, L. M. TI Probing the cassiterite (110)-water interface structure with X-ray scattering method SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Zhang, Zhan; Fenter, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.; Anovitz, L. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM zhanzhang@anl.gov; fenter@anl.gov; wesolowskid@ornl.gov; anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1091 EP A1091 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602707 ER PT J AU van Wijk, J van Hunen, J Goes, S AF van Wijk, J. van Hunen, J. Goes, S. TI Small-scale convection during continental rifting: Evidence from the Rio Grande rift SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rio Grande rift; tomography; numerical models ID MANTLE TEMPERATURES; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS AB Recent seismic imaging across the Rio Grande rift, western United States, revealed unexpected structures in the underlying mantle. Low seismic wave velocity anomalies below the Rio Grande rift have been interpreted as being partially of melt origin, and high-velocity structures below the western Great Plains have been proposed to be the result of small-scale convection, i.e., cold downwelling lithospheric material with probably a compositional contribution. We perform a dynamic test of these interpretations using a passive rift model for isochemical convection. The models self-consistently produce a rift localized at approximately the right distance from the border to the nearby thicker Great Plains lithosphere. With realistic upper mantle rheologies, small-scale convection forms, aided by the lithospheric step. The resulting thermal anomalies produce seismic low-velocity anomalies below the rift of amplitudes similar to those imaged seismically, requiring the presence of only small amounts of melt. The lateral extent of the observed low velocities below the Rio Grande rift is as in the models, where it is controlled by the spacing between downwelling limbs of the small-scale convection. The fast velocity structure below the western Great Plains can be produced by cold downwelling lithosphere. The thermal rifting models can predict the amplitudes and size of the main seismic anomalies; compositional heterogeneity may contribute to some of the smaller features observed. C1 [van Wijk, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [van Hunen, J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Goes, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP van Wijk, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jolante@lanl.gov RI van Hunen, Jeroen/A-2225-2010 OI van Hunen, Jeroen/0000-0002-3050-6753 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1130/G24691A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 322ZX UT WOS:000257414900016 ER PT J AU Jessup, MJ Newell, DL Cottle, JM Berger, AL Spotila, JA AF Jessup, Micah J. Newell, Dennis L. Cottle, John M. Berger, Aaron L. Spotila, James A. TI Orogen-parallel extension and exhumation enhanced by denudation in the trans-Himalayan Arun River gorge, Ama Drime Massif, Tibet-Nepal SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exhumation; mid-crustal flow; extension; denudation; Himalaya; Tibetan Plateau ID NANGA-PARBAT; NORTHWEST HIMALAYA; DETACHMENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN TIBET; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; PAKISTAN HIMALAYA; EROSION; METAMORPHISM; EXTRUSION AB Focused denudation and mid-crustal flow are coupled in many active tectonic settings, including the Himalaya, where exhumation of mid-crustal rocks accommodated by thrust faults and low-angle detachment systems during crustal shortening is well documented. New structural and (U-Th)/He apatite data from the Mount Everest region demonstrate that the trans-Himalayan Ama Drime Massif has been exhumed at a minimum rate of similar to 1 mm/yr between 1.5 and 3.0 Ma during orogen-parallel extension. The Ama Drime Massif offsets the South Tibetan detachment system, and therefore the South Tibetan detachment system is no longer capable of accommodating south-directed mid-crustal flow or coupling it with focused denudation. Previous investigations interpreted the NNE-SSW-striking shear zone on the west side of the Ama Drime Massif as the Main Central thrust zone; however, our data show that the Ama Drime Massif is bounded on either side by 100-300-m-thick normal-sense shear zone and detachment systems that are kinematically linked to young brittle faults that offset Quaternary deposits and record active orogen-parallel extension. When combined with existing data, these results suggest that the Ama Drime Massif was exhumed during orogen-parallel extension that was enhanced by, or potentially coupled with, denudation in the trans-Himalayan Arun River gorge. This model provides important insights into the mechanisms that exhumed trans-Himalayan antiformal structures during orogen-parallel extension along the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. C1 [Jessup, Micah J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Newell, Dennis L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cottle, John M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Berger, Aaron L.; Spotila, James A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jessup, MJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mjessup@utk.edu RI Newell, Dennis/B-4676-2011; Cottle, John/F-2799-2011; Jessup, Micah/D-6214-2012 OI Cottle, John/0000-0002-3966-6315; Jessup, Micah/0000-0002-0406-7873 NR 41 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 7 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1130/G24722A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 322ZX UT WOS:000257414900019 ER PT J AU Houser, C Masters, G Flanagan, M Shearer, P AF Houser, C. Masters, G. Flanagan, M. Shearer, P. TI Determination and analysis of long-wavelength transition zone structure using SS precursors SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; body waves ID UPPER-MANTLE DISCONTINUITIES; DIFFERENTIAL TRAVEL-TIMES; BENEATH SOUTHERN AFRICA; BONIN SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEISMIC DISCONTINUITIES; 660-KM DISCONTINUITY; CONVERTED WAVES; PP PRECURSORS; IZU-BONIN; 660-KILOMETER DISCONTINUITY AB Global mapping of 410 and 660 km discontinuity topography and transition zone thickness has proven to be a powerful tool for constraining mantle chemistry, dynamics and mineralogy. Numerous seismic and mineral physics studies suggest that the 410 km discontinuity results from the phase change of olivine to wadsleyite and the 660 km discontinuity results from the phase change of ringwoodite to perovskite and magnesiowustite. Underside reflections of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities arrive as precursors to SS. With the recent development of a semi-automated method of determining SS arrivals, we have more than tripled the Flanagan and Shearer (1998a) data set of handpicked SS waveforms. We are able to increase resolution by stacking waveforms in 5 degrees rather than 10 degrees radius bins as well as increasing data coverage significantly in the southern hemisphere. The resulting SS-S410S and SS-S660S times are heavily influenced by upper-mantle velocity structure. We perform a joint inversion for discontinuity topography and velocity heterogeneity as well as performing a simple velocity correction to the precursor differential times and find little difference between the two methods. The 660 km discontinuity topography and transition zone thickness are correlated with velocities in the transition zone whereas the 410 km discontinuity topography is not. In addition, the 410 km discontinuity topography is not correlated with the 660 km discontinuity topography, rather anticorrelated, as expected due to the opposite signs of the Clapeyron slopes of their respective phase changes. These results suggest that, whereas the topography of 660 km discontinuity could be dominated by thermal effects, the topography of the 410 km discontinuity is likely dominated by compositional effects. In addition, unlike previous studies which find less topography on the 410 km discontinuity than on the 660 km discontinuity, our 410 and 660 km topography have similar amplitudes. C1 [Houser, C.; Masters, G.; Shearer, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Flanagan, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Houser, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM creif@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012; GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012 OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630; NR 93 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 178 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03719.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 311QS UT WOS:000256615300014 ER PT J AU Satriano, C Zollo, A Rowe, C AF Satriano, Claudio Zollo, Aldo Rowe, Charlotte TI Iterative tomographic analysis based on automatic refined picking SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HAYWARD FAULT; 1ST ARRIVALS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM; RECORDINGS; RELOCATION; LOCATIONS; SEQUENCE AB The ever-growing size of data sets for active and passive seismic imaging makes the availability of automatic procedures for rapid analysis more and more valuable. Such procedures are especially important for time-critical applications like emergency decisions or re-orienting of ongoing seismic surveys. In this paper a new, iterative scheme for 3D traveltime tomography is presented. The technique, based on a tool originally developed for earthquake data, uses cross-correlation to examine waveform similarity and to adjust arrival times on seismic sections. A preliminary set of reference arrival times is first corrected by the cross-correlation lag and then used to build an initial 3D tomographic velocity model through a standard inversion code; traveltimes calculated from this model are then taken as new reference arrivals and the process of pick adjustment is repeated. The result is a tomographic image, upgraded and refined at each iteration of the procedure. The test performed on the waveform data set recorded during the 2001 SERAPIS active seismic survey in the gulfs of Naples and Pozzuoli (Southern Italy) shows that the 3D iterative tomography scheme produces a velocity image of the structure of the Campi Flegrei caldera which is consistent with the results from previous studies, employing just a fraction of the time needed by a human analyst to identify first breaks. We believe that this technique can be effectively employed for rapid analysis of large data-sets within time-critical or time-dependent tasks and for automatic 4D tomographic investigations. C1 [Satriano, Claudio; Zollo, Aldo] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, RISSC Lab, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Rowe, Charlotte] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Satriano, C (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, RISSC Lab, Via Coroglio 156, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM satriano@na.infn.it RI Satriano, Claudio/A-4718-2009; zollo, aldo/B-5344-2010; OI Satriano, Claudio/0000-0002-3039-2530; zollo, aldo/0000-0002-8191-9566; Rowe, Charlotte/0000-0001-5803-0147 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2008.00700.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 312QT UT WOS:000256686600003 ER PT J AU Bakulin, A Korneev, V AF Bakulin, Andrey Korneev, Valeri TI Acoustic signatures of crossflow behind casing in commingled reservoirs: A case study from Teapot Dome SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Cracks and channels in cement often create unwanted conduits behind casing that lead to crossflow between different producing zones. Crossflow results in lost production or aquifer contamination because fluid flows from a higher-pressure to a lower-pressure zone instead of traveling up the well. We present measurements of acoustic signatures of crossflow behind the pipe in time and frequency domains. Despite being called "noise," they are shown to be propagating tube waves with impulsive signatures. When multiple crossflow locations are present along the well, these signatures are unique for each location and are highly repeatable. We observe time-lapse change in such signatures during air injection and release and suggest that these changes can be used for real-time acoustic characterization of depletion in stacked commingled reservoirs. We anticipate that such signals are typical for commingled production of multilayered reservoirs. Acoustic signatures can be used to characterize crossflow and depletion. In addition, crossflow signals represent a strong noise affecting downhole seismic surveillance with active sources. C1 [Korneev, Valeri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bakulin, A (reprint author), WesternGeco, Houston, TX USA. EM abakulin@slb.com; vakorneev@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP E145 EP E152 DI 10.1190/1.2940154 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 329HW UT WOS:000257859000012 ER PT J AU Linde, N Tryggvason, A Peterson, JE Hubbard, SS AF Linde, Niklas Tryggvason, Ari Peterson, John E. Hubbard, Susan S. TI Joint inversion of crosshole radar and seismic traveltimes acquired at the South Oyster Bacterial Transport Site SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY; ALGORITHM; MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; CONDUCTIVITY; ROCKS AB The structural approach to joint inversion, entailing common boundaries or gradients, offers a flexible and effective way to invert diverse types of surface-based and/or crosshole geophysical data. The cross-gradients function has been introduced as a means to construct models in which spatial changes in two distinct physical-property models are parallel or antiparallel. Inversion methods that use such structural constraints also provide estimates of nonlinear and nonunique field-scale relationships between model parameters. Here, we jointly invert crosshole radar and seismic traveltimes for structurally similar models using an iterative nonlinear traveltime tomography algorithm. Application of the inversion scheme to synthetic data demonstrates that it better resolves lithologic boundaries than the individual inversions alone. Tests of the scheme on GPR and seismic data acquired within a shallow aquifer illustrate that the resultant models have improved correlations with flowmeter data in comparison with models based on individual inversions. The highest correlation with the flowmeter data is obtained when the joint inversion is combined with a stochastic regularization operator and the vertical integral scale is estimated from the flowmeter data. Point-spread functions show that the most significant resolution improvements offered by the joint inversion are in the horizontal direction. C1 [Linde, Niklas] ETH, Inst Geophys, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tryggvason, Ari] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci Geophys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Peterson, John E.; Hubbard, Susan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linde, N (reprint author), ETH, Inst Geophys, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM linde@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; ari.tryggvason@geo.uu.se; jepeterson@lbl.gov; sshubbard@lbl.gov RI Linde, Niklas/A-9440-2008; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Linde, Niklas/0000-0003-1613-353X; NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP G29 EP G37 DI 10.1190/1.2937467 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 329HW UT WOS:000257859000018 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Todd, DE Hanson, PJ AF Johnson, D. W. Todd, D. E., Jr. Hanson, P. J. TI Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium; carbon; climate; magnesium; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; resin membranes; soil; throughfall ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PRECIPITATION CHANGE; ARCTIC SOILS; TEMPERATURE; FOREST; RESPONSES; TENNESSEE; DROUGHT; ECOSYSTEMS AB To investigate the potential effects of changing precipitation on forest ecosystems, the Throughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) was established on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, in 1993. Three different throughfall amounts were tested: -33% (DRY); ambient (no change, AMB); and +33% (WET). Throughfall manipulations had no statistically significant effects on total C, N, exchangeable Ca(2+), Mg(2+), bicarbonate-extractable P, or extractable SO(4)(2-) in soils after 12 years of sustained treatments. Increased K(+) inputs in the WET treatment resulted in relative increases in exchangeable K(+)compared with the AMB and DRY treatments. Soil C, N, and extractable P declined in all treatments over the 12-year study, and the declines in N were inexplicably large. Field observations contrasted with earlier simulations from the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM), which predicted greater decreases in exchangeable K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and extractable P in the order WET > AMB > DRY, and no change in C, N, and extractable SO(4)(2-). The failure of the NuCM model to accurately predict observed changes is attributed to the lack of mechanisms for deep rooting and the transfer of throughfall K(+) from one plot to another in the model. Measurements of element availability using resin membranes during the final years showed higher values in wet and lower values in dry treatments compared with ambient conditions for mineral N, K, Mn, Zn, and Al, but the opposite for B, Ca, and Mg. In the cases of Ca and Mg, the patterns in resin values were similar to those at the soil exchange sites (greatest in the dry treatment) and appeared to reflect pretreatment differences. This study showed that while longer term changes in soil nutrients are likely to occur with changes in precipitation, potential changes over this 12-year interval were buffered by ecosystem processes such as deep rooting. C1 [Johnson, D. W.] Univ Nevada, Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Todd, D. E., Jr.; Hanson, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.urn.edu RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1661 EP 1675 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01601.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309FO UT WOS:000256446300019 ER PT J AU Moeller, MP Townsend, RD Dooley, DA AF Moeller, Matthew P. Townsend, Ronald D. Dooley, David A. TI The NIOSH Radiation Dose Reconstruction Project: Managing technical challenges SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dose equivalent; health effects; exposure, occupational AB Approximately two years after promulgation of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Office of Compensation and Analysis Support selected a contractor team to perform many aspects of the radiation dose reconstruction process. The project scope and schedule necessitated the development of an organization involving a comparatively large number of health physicists. From the initial stages, there were many technical and managerial challenges that required continuous planning, integration, and conflict resolution. This paper identifies those challenges and describes the resolutions and lessons learned. These insights are hopefully useful to managers of similar scientific projects, especially those requiring significant data, technical methods, and calculations. The most complex challenge has been to complete defensible, individualized dose reconstructions that support timely compensation decisions at an acceptable production level. Adherence to applying claimant-favorable and transparent science consistent with the requirements of the Act has been the key to establishing credibility, which is essential to this large and complex project involving tens of thousands of individual stakeholders. The initial challenges included garnering sufficient and capable scientific staff, developing an effective infrastructure, establishing necessary methods and procedures, and integrating activities to ensure consistent, quality products. The continuing challenges include maintaining the project focus on recommending a compensation determination (rather than generating an accurate dose reconstruction), managing the associated very large data and information management challenges, and ensuring quality control and assurance in the presence of an evolving infrastructure. The lessons learned concern project credibility, claimant favorability, project priorities, quality and consistency, and critical path project activities. C1 [Moeller, Matthew P.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Townsend, Ronald D.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dooley, David A.] MJW Corp, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. RP Moeller, MP (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mmoeller@moellerinc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000312371.64013.52 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200003 PM 18545025 ER PT J AU Toohey, RE AF Toohey, Richard E. TI Scientific issues in radiation dose reconstruction SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; dosimetry, external; dosimetry, internal; nuclear workers ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; BIOASSAY DATA; EXPOSURE; UNCERTAINTY; PLUTONIUM; MORTALITY; CANCER AB Stakeholders have raised numerous issues regarding the scientific basis of radiation dose reconstruction for compensation. These issues can be grouped into three broad categories: data issues, dosimetry issues, and compensation issues. Data issues include demographic data of the worker, changes in site operations over time (both production and exposure control), characterization of episodic vs. chronic exposures, and the use of coworker data. Dosimetry issues include methods for assessment of ambient exposures, missed dose, unmonitored dose, and medical x-ray dose incurred as a condition of employment. Specific issues related to external dose include the sensitivity, angular and energy dependence of personal monitors, exposure geometries, and the accompanying uncertainties. Those related to internal dose include sensitivity of bioassay methods, uncertainties in biokinetic models, appropriate dose coefficients, and modeling uncertainties. Compensation issues include uncertainties in the risk models and use of the 99(th) percentile of the distribution of probability of causation for awarding compensation. A review of the scientific literature and analysis of each of these issues distinguishes factors that play a major role in the compensation decision from those that do not. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Toohey, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, POB 117,MS-23, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Dick.Toohey@orau.org FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000285798.55584.6d PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200005 PM 18545027 ER PT J AU Martin, DL Hoff, JL Gard, RA Gregosky, RJ Jones, HW Kirkwood, CA Morris, DG Shinsato, TE Willott-Moore, CL AF Martin, Deborah L. Hoff, Jennifer L. Gard, Roger A. Gregosky, Richard J. Jones, Hobert W. Kirkwood, Cheryl A. Morris, Donald G. Shinsato, Tracey E. Willott-Moore, Cheryl L. TI Data collection, processing, validation, and verification SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; exposure, occupational; computers; quality assurance AB The collection, processing, validation, verification, formatting, riling, and storage of the required input data are some of the most important components in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Radiation Dose Reconstruction Program. Without question, the quality and scientific validity of the reconstructed dose estimates are totally dependent on these aspects of the program. Of equal importance is that the data be riled not only in a readily accessible format, but also in one that facilitates error-free retrievability. One often unrecognized key factor is that each and every item of data must be collected with careful consideration of the use to which it is to be applied. Two important databases have been established in support of the dose reconstruction operations. They are the NIOSH Office of Compensation Analysis and Support Claims Tracking System and the Site Research Database. The former contains information directly relating to individual workers. When such information is not available, surrogate sources (i.e., area monitoring data) are used to establish the "radiation environment" in which the worker was employed. This information is uploaded into the Site Research Database. Procedures for these systems entail identifying, collecting, and processing information from more than 300 Department of Energy and Atomic Weapons Employer related facilities. To date, more than one million worker-related employment and dosimetry records and more than 33,000 research documents have been uploaded into the associated computer systems. C1 [Martin, Deborah L.; Shinsato, Tracey E.; Willott-Moore, Cheryl L.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hoff, Jennifer L.; Gard, Roger A.; Jones, Hobert W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Gregosky, Richard J.] MJW Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Kirkwood, Cheryl A.; Morris, Donald G.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. RP Martin, DL (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dmartin@moellerinc.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000298817.72107.48 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200006 PM 18545028 ER PT J AU Shockley, VE Kathren, RL Thomas, EM AF Shockley, Vernon E. Kathren, Ronald L. Thomas, Elyse M. TI Reconstruction of doses from occupationally related medical X-ray examinations SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose reconstruction; x-ray machines; diagnostic radiology; medical radiation ID RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS; HEALTH-PHYSICS; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; PROTECTION; PROGRAM AB Many nuclear weapons complex workers were required to undergo medical x-ray examinations as a condition of their employment. To ensure that their dose reconstructions are complete, it is necessary to include the contributions from these examinations. X-ray procedures that must be evaluated include: (1) posterior-anterior and lateral radiography, and/or photofluorography, of the chest; (2) anterior-posterior, lateral and oblique lumbar, cervical and thoracic radiography of the spine; and (3) radiography of the pelvis. Each is discussed in the context of conditions that existed during the time the worker was employed. For purposes of dose reconstruction, the x-ray beam size is especially important because the dose conversion factors (DCFs) for each specific body organ depend on whether it was in, or on the periphery of, the primary beam. The approach adopted was to use the DCFs, combined with the entrance kerma, to estimate the organ doses. In cases in which beam output data or information on the primary factors influencing the dose are not available, methods to provide conservative (i.e., claimant-favorable) entrance kerma and dose estimates are adopted. These include specific default values for chest radiography. To account for uncertainties, the estimated doses due to x-ray examinations are increased by 30%. C1 [Shockley, Vernon E.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kathren, Ronald L.] Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Thomas, Elyse M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Dose Reconstruct Project, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. RP Shockley, VE (reprint author), Dade Moeller & Associates, 1835 Terminal Dr,Suite 200, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM SHOCKLEYX2@aol.com FU PHS HHS [200-2002-0593] NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000290611.81586.75 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 313FJ UT WOS:000256726200013 PM 18545035 ER PT J AU Ozik, J Sallach, DL Macal, CM AF Ozik, Jonathan Sallach, David L. Macal, Charles M. TI Modeling dynamic multiscale social processes in agent-based models SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 [Ozik, Jonathan; Sallach, David L.; Macal, Charles M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ozik, Jonathan; Sallach, David L.; Macal, Charles M.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ozik, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jozik@ani.gov; sallach@anl.gov; macal@anl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1109/MIS.2008.71 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 331BL UT WOS:000257987600011 ER PT J AU Picard, R Burr, T AF Picard, Rick Burr, Tom TI Networked sensors for cargo screening SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE multidimensional integrals; network optimization; numerical approximations ID APPROXIMATION AB Sensors to monitor cargo are currently operated in standalone mode because of cost considerations, operational simplicity, and because potential benefits to having sensors share information do not appear to have been seriously considered in many cases. To identify situations where threat detection benefits offset networking costs (and where they do not), we describe a numerical algorithm for approximating the multidimensional integrals defining the false positive rates and detection probabilities for networked systems. The algorithm is sufficiently fast computationally to embed in optimization routines that search over sensor space (e.g., how to best augment an existing sensor network), as well as over threshold space (i.e., how to best determine alarm thresholds for the sensors) for both standalone and networked sensors. Results are applied to detection of elevated gamma and neutron counts. Circumstances under which networking is useful are characterized. C1 [Picard, Rick; Burr, Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Picard, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM picard@lanl.gov; tburr@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7-8 BP 1389 EP 1396 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2008.917474 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 338RP UT WOS:000258526600050 ER PT J AU Kendall, R Fisher, D Henderson, D Carver, JC Mark, A Post, D Rhoades, CE Squires, S AF Kendall, Richard Fisher, David Henderson, Dale Carver, Jeffrey C. Mark, Andrew Post, Douglass Rhoades, Clifford E., Jr. Squires, Susan TI Development of a weather forecasting code: A case study SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article C1 [Carver, Jeffrey C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Squires, Susan] Sun Microsyst Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Kendall, Richard; Henderson, Dale] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Carver, Jeffrey C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM rkendall@sei.cmu.edu; a.fisher@hpcmo.hpc.mil; denise-dale@newmexico.com; carver@cs.ua; amark@hpcmo.hpc.mil; post@ieee.org; crhoades@hpcmo.hpc.mil; susan.squires@acelere.net NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1109/MS.2008.86 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 316RD UT WOS:000256966500012 ER PT J AU Jiang, XW Deng, HX Luo, JW Li, SS Wang, LW AF Jiang, Xiang-Wei Deng, Hui-Xiong Luo, Jun-Wei Li, Shu-Shen Wang, Lin-Wang TI A fully three-dimensional atomistic quantum mechanical study on random dopant-induced effects in 25-nm MOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dopant fluctuation; linear combination of bulk band (LCBB); MOSFET; quantum mechanical; threshold; 3-D ID FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTORS; DISCRETE IMPURITIES; SEMICONDUCTOR; SIMULATION; PHYSICS; DEVICES; NM AB A fully 3-D atomistic quantum mechanical simulation is presented to study the random dopant-induced effects in nanometer metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. The empirical pseudopotential is used to represent the single particle Hamiltonian, and the linear combination of bulk band method is used to solve the million atom Schrodinger equation. The gate threshold fluctuation and lowering due to the discrete dopant configurations are studied. It is found that quantum mechanical effects increase the threshold fluctuation while decreasing the threshold lowering. The increase of threshold fluctuation is in agreement with the researchers' early study based on an approximated density gradient approach. However, the decrease in threshold lowering is in contrast with the density gradient calculations. C1 [Jiang, Xiang-Wei; Li, Shu-Shen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Natl Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Luo, Jun-Wei] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wang, Lin-Wang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, XW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Natl Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xwjiang@semi.ac.cn; lwwang@lbl.gov RI LUO, JUN-WEI/A-8491-2010; LUO, JUNWEI/B-6545-2013 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1720 EP 1726 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.925331 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 321TT UT WOS:000257330100018 ER PT J AU Bialasiewicz, JT AF Bialasiewicz, Jan T. TI Renewable energy systems with photovoltaic power generators: Operation and modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE autonomous power systems; master/slave inverter operation; photovoltaic (PV) systems; power system modeling and simulation ID TRACKING; MODULE; CONNECTION AB A substantial increase of photovoltaic (PV) power generators installations has taken place in recent years, due to the increasing efficiency of solar cells as well as the improvements of manufacturing technology of solar panels. These generators are both grid-connected and stand-alone applications. We present an overview of the essential research results. The paper concentrates on the operation and modeling of stand-alone power systems with PV power generators. Systems with PV array-inverter assemblies, operating in the slave-and-master modes, are discussed, and the simulation results obtained using a renewable energy power system modular simulator are presented. These results demonstrate that simulation is an essential step in the system development process and that PV power generators constitute a valuable energy source. They have the ability to balance the energy and supply good power quality. It is demonstrated that when PV array-inverters are operating in the master mode in stand-alone applications, they well perform the task of controlling the voltage and frequency of the power system. The mechanism of switching the master function between the diesel generator and the PV array-inverter assembly in a stand-alone power system is also proposed and analyzed. Finally, some experimental results on a practical system are compared to the simulation results and confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach to the development of renewable energy systems with PV power generators. C1 [Bialasiewicz, Jan T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Bialasiewicz, Jan T.] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Labs, Golden, CO USA. [Bialasiewicz, Jan T.] Polish Japanese Inst Informat Technol, Warsaw, Poland. RP Bialasiewicz, JT (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Elect, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. EM jan.bialasiewicz@cudenver.edu NR 17 TC 129 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2752 EP 2758 DI 10.1109/TIE.2008.920583 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 325IP UT WOS:000257582900021 ER PT J AU Olson, ER Lorenz, RD AF Olson, Erik R. Lorenz, Robert D. TI Using the dynamic behavior of superimposed fields for point-field-based current sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2006) CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc DE current sensing; field decoupling; giant magnetoresistive; magnetic field detectors; proximity effect; skin effect; superimposed fields AB The dynamic behavior of magnetic fields surrounding adjacent current-carrying conductors is investigated for the purpose of point-field-based current sensing. The influence of eddy currents on magnetic field distribution over the useful spectrum (dc to 1 MHz) is quantified by using a spatially dependent metric, the 5% flat bandwidth (FBW). A comparison of field distributions at do and 1 MHz shows the origin of the FBW function, which is unique to each conductor's cross section and nearby environment. The FBW fields for several different conductor geometries are analyzed. Superposition is used for conductor geometries that have multiple currents. A method for determining optimal field detector placement using optimization functions is introduced. C1 [Olson, Erik R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Lorenz, Robert D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lorenz, Robert D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Olson, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM eolson@sandia.gov; lorenz@engr.wisc.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1109/TIA.2008.926207 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 334ZH UT WOS:000258260100037 ER PT J AU Yard, J Hayden, P Devetak, I AF Yard, Jon Hayden, Patrick Devetak, Igor TI Capacity theorems for quantum multiple-access channels: Classical-quantum and quantum-quantum capacity regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE multiple-access channels; quantum capacity; quantum information ID STRONG SUBADDITIVITY; INFORMATION; STATES; ENTROPY AB In this paper, we consider quantum channels with two senders and one receiver. For an arbitrary such channel, we give multiletter characterizations of two different two-dimensional capacity regions. The first region comprises the rates at which it is possible for one sender to send classical information, while the other sends quantum information. The second region consists of the rates at which each sender can send quantum information. For each region, we give an example of a channel for which the corresponding region has a single-letter description. One of our examples relies on a new result proved here, perhaps of independent interest, stating that the coherent information over any degradable channel is concave in the input density operator. We conclude with connections to other work and a discussion on generalizations where each user simultaneously sends classical and quantum information. C1 [Yard, Jon; Hayden, Patrick] McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Yard, Jon] CALTECH, Canada Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Devetak, Igor] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Yard, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jt-yard@gmail.com; patrick@cs.megill.ca; de-vetak@usc.edu NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 7 BP 3091 EP 3113 DI 10.1109/TIT.2008.924665 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 318SC UT WOS:000257111500017 ER PT J AU Fischer, P AF Fischer, Peter TI Studying nanoscale magnetism and us dynamics with soft X-ray microscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Magnetic Multilayers CY OCT 15-19, 2007 CL Univ Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Western Australia DE magnetic soft X-ray microscopy; magnetization reversal; ultrafast spin dynamics; X-ray optics ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; RECORDING MEDIA; VORTEX CORE; MAGNETIZATION; DOMAINS; PULSES; NICKEL; WAVES; FILMS AB Magnetic soft X-ray microscopy allows for imaging magnetic structures at a spatial resolution down to 15 nm and a time resolution in the sub-100 ps regime. Inherent elemental specificity can be used to image the magnetic response of individual components such as layers in multilayered systems. This review highlights current achievements and discusses the future potential of magnetic soft X-ray microscopy at fsec X-ray sources where snapshot images of ultrafast spin dynamics with a spatial resolution below 10 nm will become feasible. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFicher@lbl.gov RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1900 EP 1904 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.924532 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 320MD UT WOS:000257238300002 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Sort, J Buchanan, KS Nogues, J AF Hoffmann, Axel Sort, Jordi Buchanan, Kristen S. Nogues, Josep TI Exchange-biased magnetic vortices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Magnetic Multilayers CY OCT 15-19, 2007 CL Univ Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Western Australia DE exchange bias; magnetic vortex; magnetization reversal; patterned system ID LENGTH SCALES; NANOSTRUCTURES; STORAGE AB This paper reviews our work on the interplay between exchange bias due to the coupling of a ferromagnet to an antiferromagnet and the formation of magnetic vortices, which occur due to the patterning of a ferromagnet. Depending on the thermal and magnetic history, a variety of different effects can be observed. Thermal annealing in a saturating magnetic field establishes a spatially homogeneous exchange bias with a uniform unidirectional anisotropy. This results in an angular dependence of the magnetization reversal mode, which can be either via magnetization rotation or vortex nucleation and annihilation. In contrast, thermal annealing in a field smaller than the vortex annihilation field imprints the ferromagnetic vortex configuration in the antiferromagnet with high fidelity resulting in unusual asymmetric hysteresis loops. Furthermore, we discuss how the interfacial nature of the exchange bias can modify the vortex magnetization along the thickness of the ferromagnet. C1 [Hoffmann, Axel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hoffmann, Axel; Buchanan, Kristen S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sort, Jordi; Nogues, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Sort, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Nogues, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Catala Naotecnol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hoffmann@anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014; OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1968 EP 1973 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.924547 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 320MD UT WOS:000257238300013 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, P Khorrami, F Schoenwald, D AF Krishnamurthy, Prashanth Khorrami, Farshad Schoenwald, David TI Decentralized inventory control for large-scale reverse supply chains: A computationally tractable approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE decentralized control; inventory control; large-scale systems; reverse supply chain ID OVERLAPPING DECOMPOSITIONS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; DEMAND; MODEL; STABILITY; FRAMEWORK AB In this paper, we consider a new inventory control technique for large-scale supply chains including repairs. The part flow is bidirectional with broken parts propagated upstream for repair. It is well known that available optimization techniques for inventory control for bidirectional stochastic supply chains are computationally intractable and also necessitate several simplifying assumptions. In contrast, the proposed approach is an adaptive scheme that scales well to practically interesting large-scale multi-item supply chains. Furthermore, practical issues such as stochastic transport delays, manufacturing times, and repair times and probabilistic characterization of part repair success are handled in a unified framework. The control scheme is based on a hierarchical two-level architecture that comprises an adaptive set point generator and a lower-level order-up-to policy. An application to aircraft supply chains involving multiple original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), depots, bases, squadrons, and planes is also investigated. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Prashanth] IntelliTech Microsyst Inc, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Khorrami, Farshad] Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CRRL, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Schoenwald, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, P (reprint author), IntelliTech Microsyst Inc, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. EM pkrishnamurthy@imicro.biz; khorrami@smart.poly.edu; daschoe@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6977 EI 1558-2442 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2007.913906 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 316RM UT WOS:000256967400007 ER PT J AU Buchheit, AA Hilmas, GE FahrenholtZ, WG Deason, DM Wang, H AF Buchheit, Andrew A. Hilmas, Greg E. FahrenholtZ, William G. Deason, Douglas M. Wang, Hsin TI Processing and thermal properties of an Mo5Si3C-SiC ceramic SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; thermal properties; reaction synthesis; diffraction; electron microscopy, scanning ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIC-MO-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-5SI3C-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1 COMPOSITES; PHASE; MOLYBDENUM; STRENGTH AB Composite ceramics containing similar to 25 vol% of the Mo-Si-C ternary compound and SiC (referred to as MS) were reaction hot pressed up to 96% relative density. The electrical resistivity of the composite processed at 2150 degrees C decreased from similar to 4.60 Omega cm at room temperature to 4.15 Omega cm at 700 degrees C. Thermal conductivity of the MS ceramics processed at 2150 degrees C was above 100 W/m K at room temperature, decreasing to between 62 and 68W/mK at 500 degrees C. Using the Eucken model for thermal conductivity, the interconnected SiC phase in the MS materials was calculated to have a room temperature thermal conductivity between 160 and 170 W/rn K. As compared to a baseline SiC composition, the continuous SiC in the MS materials had an average increase in thermal conductivity of similar to 50% over the temperature range of room temperature to 500 degrees C. This increase in thermal conductivity was attributed to the accommodation of impurities that would typically be present in SiC grains and grain boundaries (e.g., N and O) into the ternary phase. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilmas, Greg E.; FahrenholtZ, William G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Buchheit, Andrew A.] Coorstek Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Deason, Douglas M.] USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hilmas, GE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 225 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM abuchheit@coorstek.com; ghilmas@mst.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7 BP 854 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.03.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325UK UT WOS:000257613600002 ER PT J AU Krueger, M Franz, S Saage, H Heilmaier, M Schneibel, JH Jehanno, P Boning, M Kestler, H AF Krueger, M. Franz, S. Saage, H. Heilmaier, M. Schneibel, J. H. Jehanno, P. Boening, M. Kestler, H. TI Mechanically alloyed Mo-Si-B alloys with a continuous alpha-Mo matrix and improved mechanical properties SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; brittleness and ductility; mechanical alloying and milling; microstructure; aero-engine components ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; MOLYBDENUM SILICIDE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; POWDERS; ZR AB Mechanical alloying (MA) followed by cold isostatic pressing (CIPing), sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) was used to prepare Mo-base silicide alloys consisting of a Mo(Si) solid solution and the intermetallic phases Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2. The microstructural development during milling of both binary Mo-Si and Mo-B and ternary Mo-Si-B powder mixtures was evaluated. While obtaining a supersaturated solid solution requires rather long milling times, domain size (which correlates with the grain size) is reduced to below 100 angstrom after about 10 h of milling. After heat treatment and consolidation the microstructure reveals a continuous alpha-Mo matrix with embedded, uniformly distributed intermetallic particles. The establishment of such a microstructure is beneficial for the mechanical properties since, as compared to a discontinuous alpha-Mo matrix, it decreases the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT) by about 150 K. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krueger, M.; Franz, S.; Saage, H.; Heilmaier, M.] Otto Von Guericke Univ Magdegurg, Inst Werkstoff & Fugetech, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Schneibel, J. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jehanno, P.; Boening, M.; Kestler, H.] Plansee SE, Technolzentrum, A-6600 Reutte, Austria. RP Saage, H (reprint author), Otto Von Guericke Univ Magdegurg, Inst Werkstoff & Fugetech, POB 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. EM holger.saage@mb.uni-magdeburg.de OI Kruger, Manja/0000-0002-1122-7142 NR 44 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.04.015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 325UK UT WOS:000257613600013 ER PT J AU Fucic, A Merlo, DF Ceppi, M Lucas, JN AF Fucic, Aleksandra Merlo, Domenico Franco Ceppi, Marcello Lucas, Joe N. TI Spontaneous abortions in female populations occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; MATERNAL SMOKING; LONG-TERM; PREGNANCY; WORKERS; RISK; DNA; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; VETERINARIANS; CONCEPTION AB Objective Exposure to radioisotopes of metals and halogen elements occurring in medical practice may cause spontaneous abortions. The potential role of occupational exposure to X-rays and internal radioisotopes on pregnancy outcome in childbearing age women employed in hospital departments were analyzed in order to estimate miscarriage risk. Methods Over a period of 16 years, the occurrence of miscarriages in 61 women exposed to radioisotopes was compared to that reported in 170 X-ray exposed women. Chromosomal aberrations (CA) were measured in both radiation-exposed groups and in 53 non-exposed women. Results Women exposed to radioisotopes experienced at least a threefold higher rate of spontaneous abortions than those exposed to X-ray (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.39-9.74, P < 0.01). Although X-ray and radioisotopes exposed women had significantly higher levels of chromosome type frequency (0.51 +/- 0.82, and 0.63 +/- 0.99, respectively) than referents (0.17 +/- 0.34), there was no clear difference between radiation-exposed women. Conclusions For exposure levels within standard recommended guidelines, radioisotopes are far more likely to play a role in the occurrence of spontaneous abortions than X-rays. Such biological effect is not detectable by deviations in CA frequency. C1 [Fucic, Aleksandra] Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Merlo, Domenico Franco; Ceppi, Marcello] Natl Inst Canc Res, Genoa, Italy. [Lucas, Joe N.] ChromoTrax Inc, Frederick Innovat Technol Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. [Lucas, Joe N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fucic, A (reprint author), Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Ksaverska C 2, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM afucic@imi.hr FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R43 CA117161-01] NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL PY 2008 VL 81 IS 7 BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1007/s00420-007-0281-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 290HH UT WOS:000255113400010 PM 18058121 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad TI A note on the meaning of mixture viscosity using the classical continuum theories of mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixture theory; continuum mechanics; constitutive relations; multiphase flows; mixture viscosity ID NON-LINEAR DIFFUSION; INCOMPRESSIBLE NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS; INTERACTING CONTINUA; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; BINARY MIXTURE; SOLID MIXTURE; 2-PHASE FLOWS; POROUS-MEDIA; SOFT-TISSUES AB In this paper we provide a brief review of the basic equations for the flow of two linearly viscous fluids using the mixture theory equations given in Atkin and Craine [R.J. Atkin, R.E. Craine, Continuum theories of mixtures: applications, J. Inst. Math. Appl. 17 (1976) 153; R.J. Atkin, R.E. Craine, Continuum theories of mixtures: basic theory and historical development, Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 29 (1976) 290]. We then look at certain principles (or more accurately assumptions) due to Truesdell [C. Truesdell, Sulle basi della thermomeccanica, Rand Lincei, Series 8 22 (1957) 33-38, and 158-166] and Adkins [J.E. Adkins, Non-linear diffusion, 1. Diffusion and flow of mixtures of fluids, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 255 (1963) 607-633; J.E. Adkins, Non-linear diffusion, 2. Constitutive equations for mixtures of isotropic fluids, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 255 (1963) 635-648] and show that if the 'assumption of the limiting cases' of Adkins is to hold, then a very specific structure on the material properties of the two fluids has to be imposed. This new hypothesis provides one such condition for this requirement. An attempt is made to derive a relationship for the mixture viscosity using these ideas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM MASSOUDI@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 677 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2008.01.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 311VX UT WOS:000256629600003 ER PT J AU Lee, JI Hejzlar, P Saha, P Stahle, P Kazimi, MS McEligot, DM AF Lee, J. I. Hejzlar, P. Saha, P. Stahle, P. Kazimi, M. S. McEligot, D. M. TI Deteriorated turbulent heat transfer (DTHT) of gas up-flow in a circular tube: Experimental data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE deteriorated turbulent heat transfer; buoyancy; acceleration AB The major focus of this paper is to present experimental data, collected for three gases - nitrogen, helium, and carbon dioxide, at the deteriorated turbulent heat transfer (DTHT) regime in gas up-flow with near uniform heat flux. The data were collected for a range of (1) inlet Reynolds number from 1800 to 42,700, (2) inlet buoyancy number Bo* up to 1 x 10(-5) and (3) inlet acceleration parameter K-v up to 5 x 10(-6). Based on the new experimental data, the traditional thresholds for the DTHT regimes are updated, and a new heat transfer regime map is proposed and compared to the existing experimental data. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, J. I.; Hejzlar, P.; Saha, P.; Stahle, P.; Kazimi, M. S.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McEligot, D. M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hejzlar, P (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Rm 24-215 A, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hejzlar@mit.edu RI Lee, Jeong Ik/C-1815-2011; Lee, Jeong Ik/N-9373-2016 OI Lee, Jeong Ik/0000-0002-0322-4275 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 13-14 BP 3259 EP 3266 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.03.021 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 325UW UT WOS:000257614800002 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Weil, KS Brady, MP Sohn, YH AF Yang, Zhenguo Gary Weil, K. Scott Brady, Michael P. Sohn, Yongho TI Advanced materials for applications in clean power systems: Status and challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yang, Zhenguo Gary; Weil, K. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brady, Michael P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sohn, Yongho] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov; scott.weil@pnl.gov; bradymp@ornl.gov; ysohn@mail.ucf.edu OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3893 EP 3893 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.06.001 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000031 ER PT J AU Marcinkoski, J Kopasz, JP Benjamin, TG AF Marcinkoski, Jason Kopasz, John P. Benjamin, Thomas G. TI Progress in the US DOE fuel cell subprogram efforts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems II held at the 2007 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS DE fuel cells; hydrogen; membranes; catalysts; bipolar plates; department of energy AB The United States imports approximately 58% of its petroleum and about 2/3 of that is used for propulsion of cars and light trucks [The White House National Economic Council. Advanced Energy Initiative, < http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2006/energy/energy_booklet.pdf > ; 2006]. it is important to reduce dependence on foreign oil. Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells for transportation have the potential to solve these problems. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting research, development and demonstration of several types of fuel cells, including polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, primarily for transportation applications. PEM technologies being developed with funding from DOE include electrolyte and membrane materials, catalyst and support materials, water management (including freeze/thaw) in the cell and stack, and bipolar plates. The effort is focused on the key issues of performance, durability, and cost. This paper provides an overview of the progress being made with DOE support. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Marcinkoski, Jason] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Kopasz, John P.; Benjamin, Thomas G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marcinkoski, J (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM jason.marcinkoski@ee.doe.gov NR 27 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3894 EP 3902 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.068 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000032 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Choi, JP Weil, KS AF Kim, Jin Yong Choi, Jung-Pyung Weil, K. Scott TI Mechanical properties and dual atmosphere tolerance of Ag-Al based braze SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems II held at the 2007 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS DE dual atmosphere tolerance; silver-based braze; aluminum addition ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES; AIR BRAZE; SEALS; SILVER; DEGRADATION; STABILITY; SOFCS AB in this paper, the effects of aluminum on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high temperature dual atmosphere tolerance of silver and silver-copper oxide filler metals were investigated. It was found that joints brazed with binary Ag-Al braze foils containing more than 2 at% Al retained a metallic form of aluminum within the metallic braze filler matrix after brazing at 1000 degrees C in air. The bend strengths of these joints decreased with increasing aluminum content due to the formation of interfacial aluminum oxide. However, the existence of metallic aluminum in the braze filler matrix appeared to enhance the high-temperature dual atmosphere tolerance of the silver-based braze filler, which displayed measurably less porosity after 1000h of exposure at 800 degrees C in a dual reducing/oxidizing atmosphere environment than unalloyed silver. A series of binary and ternary braze pastes based on the Ag-Al(-Cu) system were also formulated as potential pSOFC (planar solid oxide fuel cell) sealants. Model alumina joints brazed with these pastes exhibited an increase in bend strength with increasing copper content. However, unlike the binary Ag-Al filler metals, the ternary compositions often retained no protective metallic aluminum after brazing. Thus, while the addition of copper improves filler metal wettability and, therefore, joint strength in the Ag-Al alloys, it appears to reduce the dual atmosphere tolerance of these filler metals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Kim, Jin Yong; Choi, Jung-Pyung; Weil, K. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jin.Kim@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3952 EP 3961 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.043 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000039 ER PT J AU Story, C Lu, K Reynolds, WT Brown, D AF Story, Christopher Lu, Kathy Reynolds, William T., Jr. Brown, Don TI Shape memory alloy/glass composite seal for solid oxide electrolyzer and fuel cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems II held at the 2007 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS DE shape memory alloy; glass; composite; neutron diffraction; solid oxide electrolyzer/fuel cell AB Widespread use of solid oxide electrolyzer and fuel cells is hindered by a lack of long-term durability of seals caused by thermal expansion mismatch induced cracking. A novel seal design incorporating an engineered thermal expansion gradient in a glass matrix with a TiNiHf shape memory alloy mesh for active stress relief and crack healing is being developed. Thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) measurements of the seal and other cell components show the possibility of a thermal expansion gradient design for the seal. Differential scanning calorimetry and microscopy show that the TiNiHf alloy has shape memory phase transformation temperatures in the desired range of 200-250 degrees C. The glass partially crystallizes during thermal cycling, as shown by X-ray diffraction and dilatometry; the CTE decreases from 9.3 X 10(-6) to 6.6 x 10(-6)degrees C-1 after thermal cycling. Neutron diffraction data from TiNiHf/glass composite reveal that the TiNiHf alloy absorbs residual stresses from the glass matrix during austenitic to martensitic phase transformation. (c) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Story, Christopher; Lu, Kathy; Reynolds, William T., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Brown, Don] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, K (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM klu@vt.edu NR 10 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3970 EP 3975 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.11.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000041 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Koeppel, BJ AF Weil, K. S. Koeppel, B. J. TI Thermal stress analysis of the planar SOFC bonded compliant seal design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems II held at the 2007 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS DE planar solid oxide fuel cell; bonded compliant seal; finite element analysis; thermal stress ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; THERMOFLUID; COMPONENTS; STACKS AB A new materials joining approach known as the bonded compliant seal (BCS) has recently been developed for hermetically sealing the cell and window frame components in planar solid oxide fuel cell stacks. At the heart of the BCS is a thin deformable metal foil that is designed to decouple the effects of differential thermal expansion between the two components and thereby mitigate the generation of potentially destructive thermal stresses in the stack. While preliminary viability of the BCS design has been demonstrated in small-scale rotationally symmetric test specimens, issues concerning the scale-up of this seal to a size and shape that is prototypic of full-size stacks are addressed here. Finite element analysis was undertaken to investigate the magnitudes of thermally induced stress, strain, and part deflection in the cell, seal, and window frame components under uniform heating and cooling conditions. From the point of stress mitigation, particularly in the brittle ceramic cell, the initial BCS design appears to function quite well by accommodating the mismatch thermal strains as elastic and plastic strain within the sealing foil. However, the model predicts that some bowing will take place within the cell. While the amount of bowing is likely manageable through proper design of the adjacent interconnects, it is believed that a substantial portion of the predicted bow can be eliminated via minor adjustments to the various seal parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Weil, K. S.; Koeppel, B. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Scott.Weil@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 3976 EP 3990 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.11.008 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000042 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Engelhard, M Choi, JP Weil, KS AF Kim, Jin Yong Engelhard, Mark Choi, Jung Pyuny Weil, K. Scott TI Effects of atmospheres on bonding characteristics of silver and alumina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems II held at the 2007 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS DE bonding characteristics; silver; alumina ID BRAZING ALLOY; COPPER OXIDE; AG; TOLERANCE AB Joints prepared using the silver-copper oxide based reactive air brazing (RAB) technique are known to experience a significant decrease in joint strength when exposed to a high-temperature reducing environment. To investigate the effects of ambient atmosphere on the bonding characteristics of ceramic joints brazed with Ag-CuO filler metals, alumina joints prepared using a series of Ag-CuO compositions were exposed to a reducing hydrogen atmosphere and re-oxidized in air at 800 degrees C. As previously reported, joints exposed only to hydrogen revealed significant reduction in flexural strength and exhibited interfacial de-bonding between the filler metal and the alumina substrate. in the case of the joints brazed with a filler metal containing a high copper content, 8 mol% CuO, the formation of interfacial porosity caused by the reduction of interfacial oxide phases led to an extremely weak interface, which was not recovered after subsequent reoxidation in air at 800 degrees C. However, no such microstructural change or formation of interfacial porosity was observed in joints brazed with filler metals containing no or low copper content and the substrate/filler metal interface remained intact even though interfacial strength was found to be relatively weak. Subsequent reoxidation of these joints resulted in the recovery of interfacial strength and flexural strength. The results clearly indicate that interfacial adhesion in this type of braze filler metal is significantly influenced by the oxidizing/reducing characteristics of the surrounding atmosphere during high-temperature exposure. XPS analysis conducted on the in situ fractured surfaces of as-brazed and hydrogen-treated samples prepared using a filler metal with 2 mol% CuO indicates that it is the concentration of oxygen in the silver matrix which is critical to the level of bond strength between silver and alumina. This was confirmed by exposing an equivalent set of joining specimens to an inert atmosphere at high temperature, which subsequently also displayed low flexural strengths and de-bonding along the silver/ alumina interface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Kim, Jin Yong; Engelhard, Mark; Choi, Jung Pyuny; Weil, K. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jin.Kim@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 14 BP 4001 EP 4011 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.042 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 345HM UT WOS:000258987000044 ER PT J AU Velytsky, A AF Velytsky, Alexander TI Finite temperature SU(2) gauge theory: Critical coupling and universality class SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE lattice gauge theory; finite temperature phase transition; universality ID SIZE-SCALING ANALYSIS; MONTE-CARLO; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; DECONFINEMENT TRANSITION; ISING-MODEL; RENORMALIZATION AB We examine SU(2) gauge theory in 3+1 dimensions at finite temperature in the vicinity of critical point. For various lattice sizes in time direction (N-tau = 1, 2, 4, 8) we extract high precision values of the inverse critical coupling and critical values of the 4th or der cumulant of Polyakov loops (Binder cumulant). We check the universality class of the theory by comparing the cumulant values to that of the 3D Ising model and find very good agreement. The Polyakov loop correlators for the indicated lattices are also measured and the string tension values extracted. The high precision values of critical coupling and string tension allow us to study the scaling of dimensionless T-c/root sigma ratio. The violation of scaling by < 10% is observed as the coupling is varied from weak to strong coupling regime. C1 [Velytsky, Alexander] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Velytsky, Alexander] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Velytsky, Alexander] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Velytsky, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM vel@uchicago.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD JUL PY 2008 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1093 DI 10.1142/S0129183108012741 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 342KO UT WOS:000258783200008 ER PT J AU Henn, F Schultz, D Mirrone, M Zink, M AF Henn, F. Schultz, D. Mirrone, M. Zink, M. TI Circuits and cells: The role of glutamate in sustaining learned helplessness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress (CINP) CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Henn, F.; Schultz, D.; Mirrone, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zink, M.] ZI Psychiat & Psychotherapie, Mannheim, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 SU 1 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 343LO UT WOS:000258855500234 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Michaelides, M Gispert, JD Pascau, J Soto-Montenegro, ML Desco, M Wang, R Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Thanos, P. K. Michaelides, M. Gispert, J-D Pascau, J. Soto-Montenegro, M. L. Desco, M. Wang, R. Wang, G-J Volkow, N. D. TI Differences in response to food stimuli in a rat model of obesity: in-vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE (18)FDG-craving-Zucker-food restriction; ingestive behavior; positron emission tomography-hippocampus ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SPATIAL MEMORY; LEPTIN; HIPPOCAMPUS; INSULIN; CORTEX; IMPAIRMENT; CIRCUITRY; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Objective: Food intake is regulated by factors that modulate caloric requirements as well as food's reinforcing properties. In this study, we measured brain glucose utilization to an olfactory stimulus (bacon scent), and we examined the role of food restriction and genetic predisposition to obesity on such brain metabolic activity. Methods: Zucker obese (Ob) and lean (Le) rats were divided into four groups: (1) Ob ad-libitum fed, (2) Ob food restricted (70% of ad libitum), (3) Le ad-libitum fed and (4) Le food restricted. Rats were scanned using m-positron emission tomography and 2-[(18)F]-fluoro- 2-deoxy-D-glucose under two conditions: (1) baseline scan (no stimulation) and (2) challenge scan (food stimulation, FS). Results: FS resulted in deactivation of the right and left hippocampus. Ob rats showed greater changes with FS than Le rats (deactivation of hippocampus and activation of the medial thalamus) and Ob but not Le animals deactivated the frontal cortex and activated the superior colliculus. Access to food resulted in an opposite pattern of metabolic changes to the food stimuli in olfactory nucleus (deactivated in unrestricted and activated in restricted) and in right insular/parietal cortex (activated in unrestricted and deactivated in restricted). In addition, restricted but not unrestricted animals activated the medial thalamus. Conclusions: The greater changes in the Ob rats suggest that leptin modulates the regional brain responses to a familiar food stimulus. Similarly, the differences in the pattern of responses with food restriction suggest that FS is influenced by access to food conditions. The main changes with FS occurred in the hippocampus, a region involved in memory, the insular cortex, a region involved with interoception (perception of internal sensations), the medial thalamus (region involved in alertness) and in regions involved with sensory perception (olfactory bulb, olfactory nucleus, occipital cortex, superior colliculus and parietal cortex), which corroborates their relevance in the perception of food. C1 [Thanos, P. K.; Michaelides, M.; Wang, R.; Wang, G-J] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Thanos, P. K.; Michaelides, M.; Volkow, N. D.] NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Thanos, P. K.; Michaelides, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gispert, J-D] Inst Alta Tecnol Parc Rec Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Pascau, J.; Soto-Montenegro, M. L.; Desco, M.] Univ Gregorio Maranon, Unidad Med & Cirugia Expt, Gen Hosp, Madrid, Spain. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thanos@bnl.gov RI Pascau, Javier/B-5734-2013; Desco, Manuel/D-2822-2009; OI Pascau, Javier/0000-0003-1484-731X; Desco, Manuel/0000-0003-0989-3231; Gispert, Juan Domingo/0000-0002-6155-0642 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AA000551-04]; NIAAA NIH HHS [P50 AA007611, R01 AA011034, T32 AA007574] NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.50 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 325SA UT WOS:000257607400018 PM 18475275 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Campbell, BJ Hanson, TE Zhang, CL Cary, SC AF Smith, Julie L. Campbell, Barbara J. Hanson, Thomas E. Zhang, Chuanlun L. Cary, S. Craig TI Nautilia profundicola sp nov., a thermophilic, sulfur-reducing epsilonproteobacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-OKINAWA TROUGH; TRICARBOXYLIC-ACID CYCLE; GEN.-NOV.; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; OXIDIZING CHEMOLITHOAUTOTROPH; LIPID BIOMARKERS; MARIANA ARC; BACTERIA; CARBON; SUBDIVISION AB A thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, sulfur-reducing epsilon proteobacterium (strain AmH(T)) isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents is described. Cells were motile, Gram-negative rods. Growth was observed at 30-55 degrees C, pH 6.0-9.0 and 2-5% (w/v) NaCl. Chemolithoautotrophic growth occurred with molecular hydrogen or formate as the electron donor and elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor, producing hydrogen sulfide. Heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth occurred with formate as a source of carbon. The dominant phospholipid fatty acids were C(18:1)omega 7c (73.26% of the total), C(16:1)omega 7c (12.70 %) and C(16:0) (12.27 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain AmH(T) within the family Nautiliaceae of the Epsilonproteobacteria. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between strain AmH(T) and Nautilia lithotrophica DSM 13520(T) revealed a level of relatedness of 34.6 % between the two strains. Based on physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain AmH(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nautilia, for which the name Nautilia profundicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AmH(T) (=ATCC BAA-1463(T) =DSM 18972(T)). C1 [Smith, Julie L.; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Cary, S. Craig] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Hanson, Thomas E.] Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE USA. [Zhang, Chuanlun L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Cary, S. Craig] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Cary, SC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM caryc@udel.edu RI Meyer, Julie/D-1021-2010; Rechsteiner, Cindyr/C-2144-2011; Hanson, Thomas/G-9386-2016; OI Meyer, Julie/0000-0003-3382-3321; Hanson, Thomas/0000-0002-1967-5986; Cary, Stephen/0000-0002-2876-2387; Lee, Charles/0000-0002-6562-4733 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 BP 1598 EP 1602 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65435-0 PN 7 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 330YK UT WOS:000257978500016 PM 18599701 ER PT J AU Dicksved, J Halfvarson, J Rosenquist, M Jarnerot, G Tysk, C Apajalahti, J Engstrand, L Jansson, JK AF Dicksved, Johan Halfvarson, Jonas Rosenquist, Magnus Jarnerot, Gunnar Tysk, Curt Apajalahti, Juha Engstrand, Lars Jansson, Janet K. TI Molecular analysis of the gut microbiota of identical twins with Crohn's disease SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Crohn's disease; terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP); discordant twins; concordant twins; Bacteroides ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; FECAL MICROBIOTA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BROILER-CHICKENS; MUCOSAL FLORA; ILEAL MUCOSA AB Increasing evidence suggests that a combination of host genetics and the composition of the gut microbiota are important for development of Crohn's disease (CD). Our aim was to study identical twins with CD to determine microbial factors independent of host genetics. Fecal samples were studied from 10 monozygotic twin pairs with CD (discordant n = 6 and concordant n 4) and 8 healthy twin pairs. DNA was extracted, 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified and T-RFLP fingerprints generated using general bacterial and Bacteroides group-specific primers. The microbial communities were also profiled based on their percentage G + C contents. Bacteroides 16S rRNA genes were cloned and sequenced from a subset of the samples. The bacterial diversity in each sample and similarity indices between samples were estimated based on the T-RFLP data using a combination of statistical approaches. Healthy individuals had a significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to individuals with CD. The fecal microbial communities were more similar between healthy twins than between twins with CD, especially when these were discordant for the disease. The microbial community profiles of individuals with ileal CD were significantly different from healthy individuals and those with colonic CD. Also, CD individuals had a lower relative abundance of B. uniformis and higher relative abundances of B. ovatus and B. vulgatus. Our results suggest that genetics and/or environmental exposure during childhood, in part, determine the gut microbial composition. However, CD is associated with dramatic changes in the gut microbiota and this was particularly evident for individuals with ileal CD. C1 [Jansson, Janet K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dicksved, Johan; Rosenquist, Magnus; Jansson, Janet K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Halfvarson, Jonas; Jarnerot, Gunnar; Tysk, Curt] Orebro Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Orebro, Sweden. [Tysk, Curt] Orebro Univ, Sch Hlth & Med Sci, Orebro, Sweden. [Apajalahti, Juha] Alimetrics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland. [Engstrand, Lars] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, Solna, Sweden. RP Jansson, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrjansson@lbl.gov OI Rosenquist, Magnus/0000-0001-7795-9728; Dicksved, Johan/0000-0002-7515-4480; Halfvarson, Jonas/0000-0003-0122-7234 NR 50 TC 184 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 716 EP 727 DI 10.1038/ismej.2008.37 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 328WU UT WOS:000257829700004 PM 18401439 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Yamamoto, Y Santella, ML Maziasz, PJ Pint, BA Liu, CT Lu, ZP Bei, H AF Brady, M. P. Yamamoto, Y. Santella, M. L. Maziasz, P. J. Pint, B. A. Liu, C. T. Lu, Z. P. Bei, H. TI The development of alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels for high-temperature structural use SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CREEP-RESISTANT; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; ALLOYS AB A new family of alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels is under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for structural use in aggressive oxidizing environments at 600-900 degrees C. Data obtained to date indicate the potential to achieve superior oxidation resistance compared to conventional Cr2O3-forming iron- and nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, with creep strength comparable to state-of-the-art advanced austenitic stainless steels. A preliminary assessment also indicated that the newly developed alloys are amenable to welding. Details of the alloy design approach and composition microstructure-property relationships are presented. C1 [Brady, M. P.; Santella, M. L.; Maziasz, P. J.; Pint, B. A.; Bei, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yamamoto, Y.; Liu, C. T.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lu, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2008 VL 60 IS 7 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0083-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 323HZ UT WOS:000257438500003 ER PT J AU Gao, MC Dogan, ON King, P Rollett, AD Widom, M AF Gao, Michael C. Dogan, Oemer N. King, Paul Rollett, Anthony D. Widom, Michael TI The first-principles design of ductile refractory alloys SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; AL; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; METALS; CE; CR; ND AB The purpose of this work is to predict elastic and thermodynamic properties of chromium-based alloys based on first-principles calculations and to demonstrate an appropriate computational approach to develop new materials for high-temperature applications in energy systems. In this study, Poisson ratio is used as a screening parameter to identify ductilizing additives to the refractory alloys. The results predict that elements such as Ti, V Zr Nb, Hf and Ta show potential as ductilizers in Cr while Al, Ge, and Ga are predicted to decrease the ductility of Cr. Experimental evidence, where available, validates these predictions. C1 [Gao, Michael C.; Dogan, Oemer N.; King, Paul] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Widom, Michael] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gao, Michael C.] Parsons, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gao, MC (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM cg2r@alumni.virginia.edu RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014; OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696; Gao, Michael/0000-0002-0515-846X NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2008 VL 60 IS 7 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0092-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 323HZ UT WOS:000257438500012 ER PT J AU Xu, JF Askari, A Weckner, O Silling, S AF Xu, Jifeng Askari, Abe Weckner, Olaf Silling, Stewart TI Peridynamic analysis of impact damage in composite laminates SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE FORCES; BALLISTIC IMPACT; SHELL STRUCTURES; SANDWICH PLATES; DELAMINATION; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB The traditional methods for analyzing deformation in structures attempt to solve the partial differential equations of the classical theory of continuum mechanics. Yet these equations, because they require the partial derivatives of displacement to be known throughout the region modeled, are in some ways unsuitable for the modeling of discontinuities caused by damage, in which these derivatives fail to exist. As a means of avoiding this limitation, the peridynamic model of solid mechanics has been developed for applications involving discontinuities. The objective of this method is to treat crack and fracture as just another type of deformation, rather than as pathology that requires special mathematical treatment. The peridynamic theory is based on integral equations so there is no problem in applying the equations across discontinuities. The peridynamic method has been applied successfully to damage and failure analysis in composites. It predicts in detail the delamination and matrix damage process in composite laminates due to low velocity impact, and the simulation results of damage area correlates very well with the experimental data. C1 [Xu, Jifeng; Askari, Abe; Weckner, Olaf] Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA. [Silling, Stewart] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, JF (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA. EM jifeng.xu@boeing.com; abe.askari@boeing.com; olaf.weckner@boeing.com; sasilli@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 29 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(187) PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 317LZ UT WOS:000257023000008 ER PT J AU Soriano, V Perelson, AS Zoulim, F AF Soriano, Vincent Perelson, Alan S. Zoulim, Fabien TI Why are there different dynamics in the selection of drug resistance in HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses? SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE HBV; HCV; resistance mechanisms ID ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL THERAPY; IN-VIVO; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; VIRAL DYNAMICS; INTERNATIONAL-PANEL; TREATMENT FAILURE; INFECTION; INTERFERON; CLEARANCE; MUTANTS AB The arrival of new antiviral drugs to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has given rise to great expectations along with concerns regarding the selection of drug-resistant variants. Many lessons learnt from HIV therapeutics can be helpful for designing adequate treatment strategies against viral hepatitis, the avoidance of sequential weak monotherapies being one of them. Although HIV, HBV and HCV share many biological features, including very rapid viral dynamics, distinctive characteristics explain why the speed of selection of drug resistance differs substantially between these viruses, being faster for HCV than for HIV and slower for HBV. C1 [Soriano, Vincent] Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid 28029, Spain. [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zoulim, Fabien] Univ Lyon 1, INSERM, U871, Hosp Civils Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. RP Soriano, V (reprint author), Hosp Carlos III, Dept Infect Dis, Sinesio Delgado 10, Madrid 28029, Spain. EM vsoriano@dragonet.es FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555-16, R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI065256, AI28433, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433, R37 AI028433-17]; NIH HHS [R01 OD011095] NR 34 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1093/jac/dkn175 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 316VV UT WOS:000256978700001 PM 18441341 ER PT J AU Jones, R AF Jones, Reese TI Closure to "Discussion of 'A Greenwood-Williamson model of small-scale friction'" (2008, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 75, p. 045501) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2008 VL 75 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1115/1.2870268 PG 1 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 310SP UT WOS:000256550800031 ER PT J AU Antipov, S Spentzouris, L Gai, W Conde, M Franchini, F Konecny, R Liu, W Power, JG Yusof, Z Jing, C AF Antipov, S. Spentzouris, L. Gai, W. Conde, M. Franchini, F. Konecny, R. Liu, W. Power, J. G. Yusof, Z. Jing, C. TI Observation of wakefield generation in left-handed band of metamaterial-loaded waveguide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; RADIATION; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB We report on a design of a TM-mode based metamaterial-loaded waveguide. Network analyzer measurements demonstrated a left-handed propagation region for the TM(11) mode at around 10 GHz. A beamline experiment was performed with the metamaterial-loaded waveguide. In this experiment, a 6 MeV electron beam passes through the waveguide and generates a wakefield via the Cherenkov radiation mechanism. We detected a signal in the left-handed frequency band at 10 GHz. This is an indirect demonstration of reverse Cherenkov radiation as predicted in the work of Veselago [Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 509 (1968)] and discussed in the works of Lu [Opt. Express 11, 723 (2003)], Averkov and Yakovenko [Phys. Rev. B 72, 205110 (2005)], and Tyukhtin [IEEE, Proceedings of the PAC, 2007 (unpublished), pp. 4156-4158]. Cherenkov radiation in artificially constructed materials [metamaterials (MTMs)] can provide unusual engineered features that can be advantageous for particle detector design. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Antipov, S.; Gai, W.; Conde, M.; Franchini, F.; Konecny, R.; Liu, W.; Power, J. G.; Yusof, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Antipov, S.; Spentzouris, L.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Jing, C.] Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP Antipov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM antipov@anl.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 014901 DI 10.1063/1.2948929 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500133 ER PT J AU Bihler, C Kraus, M Brandt, MS Goennenwein, STB Opel, M Scarpulla, MA Farshchi, R Estrada, DM Dubon, OD AF Bihler, C. Kraus, M. Brandt, M. S. Goennenwein, S. T. B. Opel, M. Scarpulla, M. A. Farshchi, R. Estrada, D. M. Dubon, O. D. TI Suppression of hole-mediated ferromagnetism in Ga1-xMnxP by hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERSTITIAL HYDROGEN; PLANAR SPINTRONICS; COMPLEXES; MANGANESE; GAAS; GAP; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCEPTOR; PASSIVATION AB We report the passivation of the Mn acceptors in Ga1-xMnxP upon exposure to a hydrogen plasma. The as-grown films are nonmetallic and ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of T-C=55 K. After hydrogenation the sample resistivity increases by approximately three orders of magnitude at room temperature and six orders of magnitude at 25 K. Furthermore, the hydrogenated samples are paramagnetic, which is evidenced by a magnetization curve at 5 K that is best described by a Brillouin function with g=2 and J=5/2 expected for Mn atoms in the 3d(5) configuration. Upon annealing, partial depassivation and a recovery of ferromagnetism are observed. These observations unambiguously demonstrate that the ferromagnetism in Ga1-xMnxP is carrier-mediated similar to Ga1-xMnxAs. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bihler, C.; Kraus, M.; Brandt, M. S.] Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Goennenwein, S. T. B.; Opel, M.] Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Scarpulla, M. A.; Farshchi, R.; Estrada, D. M.; Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scarpulla, M. A.; Farshchi, R.; Estrada, D. M.; Dubon, O. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bihler, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, Coulombwall 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM bihler@wsi.tum.de RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Opel, Matthias/L-8784-2016; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017 OI Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839; Opel, Matthias/0000-0003-4735-9574; NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013908 DI 10.1063/1.2952045 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500080 ER PT J AU Chen, K Tamura, N Valek, BC Tu, KN AF Chen, Kai Tamura, N. Valek, B. C. Tu, K. N. TI Plastic deformation in Al (Cu) interconnects stressed by electromigration and studied by synchrotron polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTOR LINES; METAL LINES; DISLOCATION; DIFFRACTION; ORIENTATION; WHITE; BEAM AB We report here an in-depth synchrotron radiation based white beam x-ray microdiffraction study of plasticity in individual grains of an Al (Cu) interconnect during the early stage of electromigration (EM). The study shows a rearrangement of the geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) in bamboo typed grains during that stage. We find that about 90% of the GNDs are oriented so that their line direction is the closest to the current flow direction. In nonbamboo typed grains, the Laue peak positions shift, indicating that the grains rotate. An analysis in terms of force directions has been carried out and is consistent with observed EM induced grain rotation and bending. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chen, Kai; Tamura, N.; Valek, B. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Kai; Tu, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Chen, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kchen@lbl.gov RI Chen, Kai/O-5662-2014 OI Chen, Kai/0000-0002-4917-4445 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013513 DI 10.1063/1.2952073 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500034 ER PT J AU Chiou, JW Tsai, HM Pao, CW Chien, FZ Pong, WF Chen, CW Tsai, MH Wu, JJ Ko, CH Chiang, HH Lin, HJ Lee, JF Guo, JH AF Chiou, J. W. Tsai, H. M. Pao, C. W. Chien, F. Z. Pong, W. F. Chen, C. W. Tsai, M. -H. Wu, J. J. Ko, C. H. Chiang, H. H. Lin, H. -J. Lee, J. F. Guo, J. -H. TI Mg-induced increase of band gap in Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanorods revealed by x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PHOTOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; ZNO; FILMS AB X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) measurements were used to investigate the effect of Mg doping in ZnO nanorods. The intensities of the features in the O K-edge XANES spectra of Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanorods are lower than those of pure ZnO nanorods, suggesting that Mg doping increases the negative effective charge of O ions. XES and XANES spectra of O 2p states indicate that Mg doping raises (lowers) the conduction-band-minimum (valence-band-maximum) and increases the band gap. The band gap is found to increase linearly with the Mg content, as revealed by photoluminescence and combined XANES and XES measurements. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pong, W. F.; Guo, J. -H.] LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chiou, J. W.] Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Appl Phys, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan. [Tsai, H. M.; Pao, C. W.; Chien, F. Z.; Pong, W. F.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Chen, C. W.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Tsai, M. -H.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [Wu, J. J.; Ko, C. H.; Chiang, H. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Lin, H. -J.; Lee, J. F.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Pong, WF (reprint author), LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwchiou@nuk.edu.tw; wfpong@mail.tku.edu.tw RI Wu, Jih-Jen/G-3513-2013; Chen, Chun-Wei/L-1889-2015 OI Wu, Jih-Jen/0000-0001-5535-5878; NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013709 DI 10.1063/1.2951939 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500066 ER PT J AU Dalton, DA Brewer, JL Bernstein, AC Grigsby, W Milathianaki, D Jackson, ED Adams, RG Rambo, P Schwarz, J Edens, A Geissel, M Smith, I Taleff, EM Ditmire, T AF Dalton, D. A. Brewer, J. L. Bernstein, A. C. Grigsby, W. Milathianaki, D. Jackson, E. D. Adams, R. G. Rambo, P. Schwarz, J. Edens, A. Geissel, M. Smith, I. Taleff, E. M. Ditmire, T. TI Laser-induced spallation of aluminum and Al alloys at strain rates above 2x10(6) s(-1) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; METALS; COPPER AB Material microstructure is a significant determinant of the tensile stress at which materials fail. Using a high-energy laser to drive shocks in thin slabs, we have explored the role material microstructure plays on the spall strength of high-purity and alloyed aluminum at strain rates of (2-7.5)x10(6) s(-1). Slabs of pure recrystallized Al and recrystallized or cold worked Al+3 wt % Mg were shock driven using the Z-Beamlet Laser at Sandia National Laboratories. Velocity interferometer measurements determined the spall strength of the materials, and postshot target analysis explored the microscopic fracture morphology. We observed the greatest spall strength for large-grained, recrystallized high-purity aluminum, with the dominant failure mode being ductile and transgranular. We observe for the first time at these strain rates fracture features for a fine-grained Al+3 wt % Mg that were a combination of brittle intergranular and ductile transgranular fracture types. Postshot analysis of target cross sections and hydrocode simulations indicate that this mixed-mode failure results from spall dynamics occurring on spatial scales on the order of the grain size. Differences in spall strength between these Al samples were experimentally significant and correlate with the damage morphologies observed. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Dalton, D. A.; Bernstein, A. C.; Grigsby, W.; Milathianaki, D.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jackson, E. D.; Taleff, E. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Brewer, J. L.] Stress Engn Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77041 USA. [Adams, R. G.; Rambo, P.; Schwarz, J.; Edens, A.; Geissel, M.; Smith, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Z Backlighter Facil, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dalton, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ddalton7@physics.utexas.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013526 DI 10.1063/1.2949276 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500047 ER PT J AU Farinholt, KM Leo, DJ AF Farinholt, Kevin M. Leo, Donald J. TI Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ELECTROMECHANICAL MODEL; METAL COMPOSITES; EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; PART II; ACTUATION; GELS; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION; SOLVENT AB An analytical study is presented that investigates the electrical impedance response of the ionic polymer transducer. Experimental studies have shown that the electromechanical response of these active materials is highly dependent upon internal parameters such as neutralizing counterion, diluent, electrode treatment, as well as environmental factors such as ambient temperature. Further examination has shown that these variations are introduced predominantly through the polymer's ability to convert voltage into charge migration. This relationship can easily be represented by the polymer's electrical impedance as measured across the outer electrodes of the transducer. In the first half of this study an analytical model is developed which predicts the time and frequency domain characteristics of the electrical response of the ionic polymer transducer. Transport equations serve as the basis for this model, from which a series of relationships are developed to describe internal potential, internal charge density, as well as surface current. In the second half of this study several analytical studies are presented to understand the impact that internal parameters have on the polymer's electrical response, while providing a conceptual validation of the model. In addition to the analytical studies several experimental comparisons are made to further validate the model by examining how well the model predicts changes in temperature, viscosity and pretention within the ionic polymer transducer. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Farinholt, Kevin M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Leo, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Farinholt, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farinholt@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 014512 DI 10.1063/1.2952974 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500131 ER PT J AU Jensen, BJ Gupta, YM AF Jensen, B. J. Gupta, Y. M. TI Time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments to examine the elastic-plastic transition in shocked magnesium-doped LiF SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-FLUORIDE CRYSTALS; PRECURSOR DECAY; DISLOCATION MULTIPLICATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; VELOCITIES AB Time-resolved x-ray diffraction measurements were used to examine the lattice deformation during elastic-plastic deformation in Mg-doped (approximately 100 ppm) LiF single crystals shocked along [100]. The magnesium impurities significantly increase the elastic limit of the LiF crystals, as compared to the low values observed for ultrapure LiF crystals, leading to a large amplitude elastic wave and significant stress relaxation behind the elastic wave. The objective of the current work was to examine lattice deformation throughout this wave profile using time-resolved, x-ray diffraction methods (2 ns resolution) for plate impact experiments to gain insight into time-dependent, elastic-plastic deformation at the microscopic level. The diffraction data were analyzed using an x-ray model coupled to an existing wave propagation code that incorporated dislocation mechanisms for elastic-plastic deformation including stress relaxation. All experimental results revealed a uniaxial lattice compression at the elastic wave front followed by a rapid transition toward isotropic unit cell compression during stress relaxation. Furthermore, comparison between the experimental data and the calculated streak records indicated that the lattice transition proceeds at a faster rate than predicted by the model. Further implications of these results are discussed. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jensen, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bjjensen@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013510 DI 10.1063/1.2936899 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500031 ER PT J AU Murray, CE Saenger, KL Kalenci, O Polvino, SM Noyan, IC Lai, B Cai, Z AF Murray, Conal E. Saenger, K. L. Kalenci, O. Polvino, S. M. Noyan, I. C. Lai, B. Cai, Z. TI Submicron mapping of silicon-on-insulator strain distributions induced by stressed liner structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MECHANICAL-STRESS; CRYSTALS; MOBILITY; SI AB Strain distributions within a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer induced by overlying compressively stressed Si(3)N(4) features were measured using x-ray microbeam diffraction. A comparison of analytical and numerical mechanical models of the depth-averaged strain distributions to the measured strain profiles in the SOI layer indicated a blanket film stress of -2.5 GPa in the Si(3)N(4) features. A two-dimensional boundary element model, implemented to analyze thin film/substrate systems, reproduced the observed strain distributions better than an edge-force formulation due to the incorporation of loading along the Si(3)N(4)/Si interface. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Murray, Conal E.; Saenger, K. L.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Kalenci, O.; Polvino, S. M.; Noyan, I. C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lai, B.; Cai, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Murray, CE (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM conal@us.ibm.com NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013530 DI 10.1063/1.2952044 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500051 ER PT J AU Stevens, GD Lutz, SS Marshall, BR Turley, WD Veeser, LR Furlanetto, MR Hixson, RS Holtkamp, DB Jensen, BJ Rigg, PA Wilke, MD AF Stevens, G. D. Lutz, S. S. Marshall, B. R. Turley, W. D. Veeser, L. R. Furlanetto, M. R. Hixson, R. S. Holtkamp, D. B. Jensen, B. J. Rigg, P. A. Wilke, M. D. TI Free-surface optical scattering as an indicator of the shock-induced solid-liquid phase transition in tin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH; METALS AB When highly polished metal surfaces melt upon release after shock loading, they exhibit features that suggest that significant surface changes accompany the phase transition. The reflection of light from such surfaces changes from specular (preshock) to diffuse upon melting. A familiar manifestation of this phenomenon is the loss of signal light observed with a velocity interferometer system for any reflector, which occurs at pressures high enough to melt the free surface. Unlike many other potential material phase-sensitive diagnostics (e.g., reflectometry and conductivity) that show relatively small changes, the specularity of reflection provides a more sensitive and definitive indication of the solid-liquid phase transition. Data are presented that support the hypothesis that specularity changes indicate melt in a way that can be measured easily and unambiguously. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Stevens, G. D.; Lutz, S. S.; Marshall, B. R.; Turley, W. D.; Veeser, L. R.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Furlanetto, M. R.; Hixson, R. S.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Jensen, B. J.; Rigg, P. A.; Wilke, M. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stevens, GD (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. EM stevengd@nv.doe.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013525 DI 10.1063/1.2953092 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500046 ER PT J AU Friedman, ES Brody, AJ Young, ML Almer, JD Segre, CU Mini, SM AF Friedman, Elizabeth S. Brody, Aaron J. Young, Marcus L. Almer, Jon D. Segre, Carlo U. Mini, Susan M. TI Synchrotron radiation-based x-ray analysis of bronze artifacts from an Iron Age site in the Judean Hills SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ancient metal technology; leaded tin-bronze; synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence; Iron Age; Judah; Edom ID ART AB Seven bronze bangles from Tell en-Nasbeh, northern Judah, were investigated to understand the phase composition and manufacturing process of the artifacts, and possibly suggest a provenance for their origin. Synchrotron x-ray radiation diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF) were used in the analysis to avoid any destructive sampling and at the same time penetrate through the surface into the core metal. These techniques enabled us to determine that the bangles were not just tin bronze, but leaded tin bronze. Based on excavation reports, it is unlikely that the metal objects were manufactured locally at Tell en-Nasbeh; rather, preliminary XRD and XRF data point towards the neighboring region of Edom as their origin. Despite their political enmity during the Iron Age II, the data suggest that Judahite social demands for bronze may have fostered a strong economic relationship between these two polities. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Friedman, Elizabeth S.; Segre, Carlo U.] IIT, CSRRI & BCPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Brody, Aaron J.] Pacific Sch Relig, Bade Museum Bibl Archaeol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Young, Marcus L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Mini, Susan M.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Mini, Susan M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Friedman, ES (reprint author), IIT, CSRRI & BCPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM friedman@iit.edu RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1951 EP 1960 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.12.006 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 317BG UT WOS:000256993500016 ER PT J AU Liu, Z AF Zhi Liu TI Reply to "Taoism (Daoism) and 'Chinese Purple': a note on some historical issues" SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA USA. EM zliu2@lbl.gov RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2077 EP 2078 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.12.008 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 317BG UT WOS:000256993500027 ER PT J AU Eraso, JM Roh, JH Zeng, XH Callister, SJ Lipton, MS Kaplan, S AF Eraso, Jesus M. Roh, Jung Hyeob Zeng, Xiaohua Callister, Stephen J. Lipton, Mary S. Kaplan, Samuel TI Role of the global transcriptional regulator PrrA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS GENE-EXPRESSION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; PUC OPERON EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; CYTOCHROME C(2) GENE; GENOME-WIDE; RESPONSE REGULATOR; ACCURATE MASS; OXYGEN REGULATION; MASTER REGULATOR AB The PrrBA two-component regulatory system is a major global regulator in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. Here we have compared the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the wild-type (WT) and mutant PrrA2 cells grown anaerobically in the dark with dimethyl sulfoxide as an electron acceptor. Approximately 25% of the genes present in the PrrA2 genome are regulated by PrrA at the transcriptional level, either directly or indirectly, by twofold or more relative to the WT. The genes affected are widespread throughout all COG (cluster of orthologous group) functional categories, with previously unsuspected "metabolic" genes affected in PrrA2 cells. PrrA was found to act as both an activator and a repressor of transcription, with more genes being repressed in the presence of PrrA (9:5 ratio). An analysis of the genes encoding the 1,536 peptides detected through our chromatographic study, which corresponds to 36% coverage of the genome, revealed that approximately 20% of the genes encoding these proteins were positively regulated, whereas approximately 32% were negatively regulated by PrrA, which is in excellent agreement with the percentages obtained for the whole-genome transcriptome profile. In addition, comparison of the transcriptome and proteome mean parameter values for WT and PrrA2 cells showed good qualitative agreement, indicating that transcript regulation paralleled the corresponding protein abundance, although not one for one. The microarray analysis was validated by direct mRNA measurement of randomly selected genes that were both positively and negatively regulated. lacZ transcriptional and kan translational fusions enabled us to map putative PrrA binding sites and revealed potential gene targets for indirect regulation by PrrA. C1 [Eraso, Jesus M.; Roh, Jung Hyeob; Zeng, Xiaohua; Kaplan, Samuel] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Callister, Stephen J.; Lipton, Mary S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaplan, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Samuel.Kaplan@uth.tmc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM15590, R01 GM015590] NR 79 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 190 IS 14 BP 4831 EP 4848 DI 10.1128/JB.00301-08 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 325PA UT WOS:000257599600007 PM 18487335 ER PT J AU Bollmann, L Ratts, JL Joshi, AM Williams, WD Pazmino, J Joshi, YV Miller, JT Kropf, AJ Delgass, WN Ribeiro, FH AF Bollmann, Luis Ratts, Joshua L. Joshi, Ajay M. Williams, W. Damion Pazmino, Jorge Joshi, Yogesh V. Miller, Jeffrey T. Kropf, A. Jeremy Delgass, W. Nicholas Ribeiro, Fabio H. TI Effect of Zn addition on the water-gas shift reaction over supported palladium catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE water-gas shift; methanation; palladium catalysts; fuel cells; zinc oxide; catalyst promoters; kinetics; Pd-Zn alloys; in situ IR spectroscopy; EXAFS ID OXYGEN TITRATION METHOD; PDZN ALLOY FORMATION; PD/ZNO CATALYST; ZINC ALUMINATE; PARTIAL OXIDATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-AREAS; FUEL-CELL; FT-IR; METHANOL AB The effect of Zn addition on the Pd turnover rate (TOR) for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was studied on 2 wt% Pd on alumina with Zn content varying from 0 to 19% Zn by weight. Over 85% of the Zn reacted with alumina to form zinc aluminate with a fraction reacting with Pd. The average PdZn coordination number as measured by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EMFS) increased monotonically from 0 to 4.5 as the Zn loading on alumina increased. At a loading of 2% Pd and 19% Zn on alumina the molar fraction of Zn in the Pd particles was 0.34, and the turnover ratE! increased by a factor of 13, as compared with the pure metallic Pd supported on alumina, to 3.6 x 10(-2) mol H-2 s(-1) (mol exposed Pd)(-1) at 280 degrees C, 6.8% CO, 8.5% CO2, 21.9% H2O, and 37.4% H-2 at 1 atm. The formation of the ordered 1:1 PdZn intermetallic compound by deposition of Pd on zinc oxide increased the average Pd-Zn coordination number to 5.9 and the WGS turnover rate by a factor of 20 to 5.3 x 10(-2) mol H-2 s(-1) (mol exposed Pd)(-1). The bonding of adsorbed CO changed from 80% bridging on pure Pd to 90% linear on the 1:1 PdZn intermetallic compound as determined by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy performed under WGS conditions. The fraction of CO binding linearly to Pd correlated linearly with the WGS rate per Pd on the surface. Because the dispersion of the samples was about the saime, this result implies that the number of active sites can be counted by the fraction of CO binding linearly. A simple random substitution model for PdZn distribution was used to estimate the concentration of Pd and Zn on the surface, based on the coordination numbers measured by EXAFS. The correlation of the reaction rate with the types of sites on catalysts with six different Pd-Zn compositions shows that the data is consistent with an active site composed of surface Pd atoms with surface coordination to 2 Pd and 4 Zn atoms. which is the coordination expected for the (111) plane of the 1:1 PdZn intermetallic compound. An alternate explanation for the promotional effect of Zn on Pd/alumina is that the formation of zinc aluminate breaks a deleterious Pd-alumina interaction. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bollmann, Luis; Ratts, Joshua L.; Joshi, Ajay M.; Williams, W. Damion; Pazmino, Jorge; Joshi, Yogesh V.; Delgass, W. Nicholas; Ribeiro, Fabio H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miller, Jeffrey T.] BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. [Kropf, A. Jeremy] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ribeiro, FH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM fabio@purdue.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Ribeiro, Fabio/0000-0001-7752-461X NR 62 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 92 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 257 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.04.005 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 328PO UT WOS:000257810500006 ER PT J AU Conant, T Karim, AM Lebarbier, V Wang, Y Girgsdies, F Schlogl, R Datye, A AF Conant, Travis Karim, Ayman M. Lebarbier, Vanessa Wang, Yong Girgsdies, Frank Schloegl, Robert Datye, Abhaya TI Stability of bimetallic Pd-Zn catalysts for the steam reforming of methanol SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE methanol steam reforming; PdZn alloy; STEM; EDS; FTIR; XRD ID SUPPORTED PD; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; MODEL CATALYSTS; ALLOYS; CO; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; DEHYDROGENATION; NANOPARTICLES; PD/ZNO AB ZnO-supported palladium-based catalysts have been shown in recent years to be both active and selective towards the steam reforming of methanol, although they are still considered to be less active than traditional copper-based catalysts. The activity of PdZn catalysts can be significantly improved by supporting them on alumina. Here we show that the Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts have better long-term stability when compared with commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts, and that they are also stable under redox cycling. The Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts can be easily regenerated by oxidation in air at 420 degrees C followed by re-exposure to reaction conditions at 250 degrees C, while the Cu/ZnO based catalysts do not recover their activity after oxidation. Reduction at high temperatures (> 420 degrees C leads to Zn loss from the alloy nanoparticle surface resulting in a reduced catalyst activity. However, even after such extreme treatment, the catalyst activity is regained with time on stream under reaction conditions alone, leading to highly stable catalysts. These findings illustrate that the nanoparticle surface is dynamic and changes drastically depending on the environment, and that elevated reduction temperatures are not necessary to achieve high CO2 selectivity. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Conant, Travis; Karim, Ayman M.; Lebarbier, Vanessa; Datye, Abhaya] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lebarbier, Vanessa; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Girgsdies, Frank; Schloegl, Robert] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Datye, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM datye@unm.edu RI Karim, Ayman/G-6176-2012; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Girgsdies, Frank/A-6240-2009; OI Karim, Ayman/0000-0001-7449-542X; Girgsdies, Frank/0000-0002-0994-0686; Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 27 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 13 U2 86 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 257 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.04.018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 328PO UT WOS:000257810500008 ER PT J AU Danenhower, TM Force, LJ Petersen, KJ Betts, TA Baker, GA AF Danenhower, Travis M. Force, Leyna J. Petersen, Kenneth J. Betts, Thomas A. Baker, Gary A. TI HPLC analysis of alpha- and beta-acids in hops SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNDERGRADUATE EXPERIMENT; ANALGESIC TABLETS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; CHEMISTRY; SEPARATION; CAFFEINE; BEER; BEVERAGES; VANILLA C1 [Danenhower, Travis M.; Force, Leyna J.; Petersen, Kenneth J.; Betts, Thomas A.] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Danenhower, TM (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM betts@kutztown.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 85 IS 7 BP 954 EP 956 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 311GG UT WOS:000256588100015 ER PT J AU Roy, LE Hay, PJ Martin, RL AF Roy, Lindsay E. Hay, P. Jeffrey Martin, Richard L. TI Revised basis sets for the LANL effective core potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Letter ID AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; METALS SC-CU; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; POLARIZATION; AU AB We suggest a new contraction of the basis sets associated with the Hay-Wadt relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs) for the main group and transition metal atoms: These bases are more suitable for density functional theory investigations than the previous 'double-zeta' contractions based upon Hartree-Fock atomic results. The original Hay-Wadt primitives are now contracted [5s5p3d], [4s4p3d], and [4s4p3d] for the first, second, and third transition series, respectively, and denoted as LANL2TZ basis sets. For the main group atoms, we advocate using a completely uncontracted basis denoted LANL08. While modestly extending the size of the basis, the resulting sets should be suitable for both DFT and wave function based approaches. The valence bases for the transition metal atoms can be supplemented with the polarization functions determined by Frenking. C1 [Roy, Lindsay E.; Hay, P. Jeffrey; Martin, Richard L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlmartin@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 524 Z9 526 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1031 DI 10.1021/ct8000409 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324FJ UT WOS:000257502800001 PM 26636355 ER PT J AU Berg, LK Kassianov, EI AF Berg, Larry K. Kassianov, Evgueni I. TI Temporal variability of fair-weather cumulus statistics at the ACRF SGP site SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; REMOTE SENSORS; SATELLITE DATA; CLOUD AMOUNT; ARM CART; COVER; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT AB Continental fair-weather cumuli exhibit significant diurnal, day-to-day, and year- to-year variability. This study describes the climatology of cloud macroscale properties, over the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The diurnal cycle of cloud fraction, cloud-base height, cloud-top height, and cloud thickness were well defined. The cloud fraction reached its maximum value near 1400 central standard time. The average cloud-base height increased throughout the day, while the average cloud thickness decreased with time. In contrast to the other cloud properties, the average cloud-chord length remained nearly constant throughout the day. The sensitivity of the cloud properties to the year- to-year variability of precipitation and day-to-day changes in the height of the lifting condensation level (z(LCL)) and surface fluxes were compared. The cloud-base height was found to be sensitive to both the year, zLCL, and the surface fluxes of heat and moisture; the cloud thickness was found to be more sensitive to the year than to zLCL; the cloud fraction was sensitive to both the low-level moisture and the surface sensible heat flux; and cloud-chord length was sensitive to zLCL. Distributions of the cloud-chord length over the ACRF SGP site were computed and were well fit by an exponential distribution. The contribution to the total cloud fraction by clouds of each cloud-chord length was computed, and it was found that the clouds with a chord length of about 1 km contributed most to the observed cloud fraction. This result is similar to observations made with other remote sensing instruments or in modeling studies, but it is different from aircraft observations of the contribution to the total cloud fraction by clouds of different sizes. C1 [Berg, Larry K.; Kassianov, Evgueni I.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berg, LK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM larry.berg@pnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 13 BP 3344 EP 3358 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2266.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326ZM UT WOS:000257698300017 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Okinaka, RT Svensson, R Shaw, K De, BK Robison, RA Probert, WS Kenefic, LJ Brown, WD Keim, P AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Okinaka, Richard T. Svensson, Rita Shaw, Kathryn De, Barun K. Robison, Richard A. Probert, William S. Kenefic, Leo J. Brown, William D. Keim, Paul TI Real-time PCR assays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the major Brucella clades (vol 46, pg 296, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Foster, Jeffrey T.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Foster, JT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2474 EP 2474 DI 10.1128/JCM.00909-08 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344DS UT WOS:000258906800067 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, B Dieci, L AF Rasmussen, Bryan Dieci, Luca TI A geometrical method for the approximation of invariant tori SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE numerical analysis; invariant manifolds; invariant tori ID PARAMETERIZATION METHOD; COMPUTATION; MANIFOLDS; BIFURCATIONS; MATRICES; SYSTEMS AB We consider a numerical method based on the so-called "orthogonality condition" for the approximation and continuation of invariant tori under flows. The basic method was originally introduced by Moore [Computation and parameterization of invariant curves and tori, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 15 (1991) 245-263], but that work contained no stability or consistency results. We show that the method is unconditionally stable and consistent in the special case of a periodic orbit. However, we also show that the method is unstable for two-dimensional tori in three-dimensional space when the discretization includes even numbers of points in both angular coordinates, and we point out potential difficulties when approximating invariant tori possessing additional invariant sub-manifolds (e.g., periodic orbits). We propose some remedies to these difficulties and give numerical results to highlight that the end method performs well for invariant tori of practical interest. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rasmussen, Bryan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dieci, Luca] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rasmussen, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T080, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bryanras@lanl.gov; dieci@math.gatech.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 216 IS 2 BP 388 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2007.05.025 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 305UC UT WOS:000256202300007 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Moulton, JD Svyatskiy, D AF Lipnikov, K. Moulton, J. D. Svyatskiy, D. TI A multilevel multiscale mimetic (M-3) method for two-phase flows in porous media SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE porous media; two-phase flow; reservoir simulation; upscaling techniques; multiscale methods; mimetic discretization; algebraic multigrid method ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; RESERVOIR SIMULATION; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; POLYHEDRAL MESHES; COEFFICIENTS AB We describe a multilevel multiscale mimetic (M-3) method for solving two- phase flow (water and oil) in a heterogeneous reservoir. The governing equations are the elliptic equation for the reservoir pressure and the hyperbolic equation for the water saturation. On each time step, we first solve the pressure equation and then use the computed flux in an explicit upwind finite volume method to update the saturation. To reduce the computational cost, the pressure equation is solved on a much coarser grid than the saturation equation. The coarse-grid pressure discretization captures the influence of multiple scales via the subgrid modeling technique for single-phase flow recently proposed in [Yu. A. Kuznetsov. Mixed finite element method for diffusion equations on polygonal meshes with mixed cells. J. Numer. Math., 14 (4) (2006) 305-315; V. Gvozdev. discretization of the diffusion and Maxwell equations on polyhedral meshes. Technical Report Ph.D. Thesis, University of Houston, 2007; Yu. Kuznetsov. Mixed finite element methods on polyhedral meshes for diffusion equations, in: Computational Modeling with PDEs in Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, in press]. We extend significantly the applicability of this technique by developing a new robust and efficient method for estimating the flux coarsening parameters. Specifically, with this advance the M-3 method can handle full permeability tensors and general coarsening strategies, which may generate polygonal meshes on the coarse grid. These problem dependent coarsening parameters also play a critical role in the interpolation of the flux, and hence, in the advection of saturation for two-phase flow. Numerical experiments for two-phase flow in highly heterogeneous permeability fields, including layer 68 of the SPE Tenth Comparative Solution Project, demonstrate that the M3 method retains good accuracy for high coarsening factors in both directions, up to 64 for the considered models. Moreover, we demonstrate that with a simple and efficient temporal updating strategy for the coarsening parameters, we achieve accuracy comparable to the fine-scale solution, but at a fraction of the cost. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lipnikov, K.; Moulton, J. D.; Svyatskiy, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Svyatskiy, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; moulton@lanl.gov; dasvyat@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 14 BP 6727 EP 6753 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.03.029 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 323WN UT WOS:000257479200003 ER PT J AU Sentoku, Y Kemp, AJ AF Sentoku, Y. Kemp, A. J. TI Numerical methods for particle simulations at extreme densities and temperatures: Weighted particles, relativistic collisions and reduced currents SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE PIC; binary collision; weighted particles ID PLASMA; MODEL; SCATTERING; IGNITION AB We present a fully relativistic energy-conserving binary collision model for particle simulations with large density scale plasmas. Our model deals with collisions between weighted particles of arbitrary species, conserving energy perfectly in each collision while momentum is conserved on the average. We also discuss a new method to model extremely high densities, applicable to a wide range of plasmas from the cold, non-relativistic to the ultra-relativistic regime in the high energy density physics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sentoku, Y.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Kemp, A. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sentoku, Y (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM sentoku@physics.unr.edu RI Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 NR 16 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 14 BP 6846 EP 6861 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.03.043 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 323WN UT WOS:000257479200008 ER PT J AU Banks, JW Aslam, T Rider, WJ AF Banks, J. W. Aslam, T. Rider, W. J. TI On sub-linear convergence for linearly degenerate waves in capturing schemes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE convergence rate; modified equations; discontinuity ID HYPERBOLIC-EQUATIONS; DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY; OVERLAPPING GRIDS; FLOW; SHOCKS; ERROR AB A common attribute of capturing schemes used to find approximate solutions to the Enter equations is a sub-linear rate of convergence with respect to mesh resolution. Purely nonlinear jumps, such as shock waves produce a first-order convergence rate, but linearly degenerate discontinuous waves, where present, produce sub-linear convergence rates which eventually dominate the global rate of convergence. The classical explanation for this phenomenon investigates the behavior of the exact solution to the numerical method in combination with the finite error terms, often referred to as the modified equation. For a first-order method, the modified equation produces the hyperbolic evolution equation with second-order diffusive terms. In the frame of reference of the traveling wave, the solution of a discontinuous wave consists of a diffusive layer that grows with a rate of t(1/2), yielding a convergence rate of 1/2. Self-similar heuristics for higher-order discretizations produce a growth rate for the layer thickness of Delta t(1/(P+1)) which yields an estimate for the convergence rate as p/(p + 1) where p is the order of the discretization. In this paper we show that this estimated convergence rate can be derived with greater rigor for both dissipative and dispersive forms of the discrete error. In particular, the form of the analytical solution for linear modified equations can be solved exactly. These estimates and forms for the error are confirmed in a variety of demonstrations ranging from simple linear waves to multidimensional solutions of the Euler equations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Banks, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Aslam, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock & Detonat Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Banks, J. W.; Rider, W. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Banks, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM banks20@llnl.gov RI Banks, Jeffrey/A-9718-2012; OI Aslam, Tariq/0000-0002-4263-0401 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 14 BP 6985 EP 7002 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 323WN UT WOS:000257479200015 ER PT J AU Badia, S Nobile, F Vergara, C AF Badia, Santiago Nobile, Fabio Vergara, Christian TI Fluid-structure partitioned procedures based on Robin transmission conditions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluid-structure interaction; partitioned procedures; transmission conditions; Robin boundary conditions; added-mass effect; hemodynamics ID INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS; ALGORITHMS AB In this article we design new partitioned procedures for fluid-structure interaction problems, based on Robin-type transmission conditions. The choice of the coefficient in the Robin conditions is justified via simplified models. The strategy is effective whenever an incompressible fluid interacts with a relatively thin membrane, as in hemodynamics applications. We analyze theoretically the new iterative procedures on a model problem, which represents a simplified blood-vessel system. In particular, the Robin-Neumann scheme exhibits enhanced convergence properties with respect to the existing partitioned procedures. The theoretical results are checked using numerical experimentation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Badia, Santiago] Univ Politecn Cataluna, CIMNE, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Nobile, Fabio; Vergara, Christian] Politecn Milan, MOX, Dipartimento Matemat F Brioschi, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Vergara, Christian] Univ Bergamo, Dept Informat Technol & Math Methods, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. RP Badia, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbadia@cimne.upc.edu; fabio.nobile@polimi.it; christian.vergara@polimi.it RI nobile, fabio/B-6515-2014; Badia, Santiago/L-8565-2014 OI nobile, fabio/0000-0002-8130-0114; Badia, Santiago/0000-0003-2391-4086 NR 20 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 14 BP 7027 EP 7051 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.006 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 323WN UT WOS:000257479200017 ER PT J AU Baltz, EA Berenji, B Bertone, G Bergstrom, L Bloom, E Bringmann, T Chiang, J Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Edmonds, Y Edsjo, J Godfrey, G Hughes, RE Johnson, RP Lionetto, A Moiseev, AA Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Nuss, E Ormes, JF Rando, R Sander, AJ Sellerholm, A Smith, PD Strong, AW Wai, L Wang, P Winer, BL AF Baltz, E. A. Berenji, B. Bertone, G. Bergstrom, L. Bloom, E. Bringmann, T. Chiang, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Edmonds, Y. Edsjoe, J. Godfrey, G. Hughes, R. E. Johnson, R. P. Lionetto, A. Moiseev, A. A. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Nuss, E. Ormes, J. F. Rando, R. Sander, A. J. Sellerholm, A. Smith, P. D. Strong, A. W. Wai, L. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. TI Pre-launch estimates for GLAST sensitivity to dark matter annihilation signals SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE dark matter simulations; dark matter detectors; dark matter ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; INVERSE COMPTON-SCATTERING; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; MILKY-WAY HALO; GALACTIC-CENTER; EGRET DATA; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; POWER SPECTRUM; COSMIC-RAYS AB We investigate the sensitivity of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) for indirectly detecting weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) through the gamma-ray signal that their pair annihilation produces. WIMPs are among the favorite candidates for explaining the compelling evidence that about 80% of the mass in the Universe is non-baryonic dark matter (DM). They are serendipitously motivated by various extensions of the standard model of particle physics such as supersymmetry and universal extra dimensions (UED). With its unprecedented sensitivity and its very large energy range (20 MeV to more than 300 GeV) the main instrument on board the GLAST satellite, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), will open a new window of discovery. As our estimates show, the LAT will be able to detect an indirect DM signature for a large class of WIMP models given a cuspy profile for the DM distribution. Using the current state of the art Monte Carlo and event reconstruction software developed within the LAT collaboration, we present preliminary sensitivity studies for several possible sources inside and outside the Galaxy. We also discuss the potential of the LAT to detect UED via the electron/positron channel. Diffuse background modeling and other background issues that will be important in setting limits or seeing a signal are presented. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. KIPAC, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. INFN Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. NASA GSFC, CRESST, AstroParticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Montpellier, LPTA, CNRS IN2P3, F-34059 Montpellier, France. Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. INFN, Sezione Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Conrad, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM conrad@physto.se RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; OI Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X NR 104 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/07/013 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 331OZ UT WOS:000258022800013 ER PT J AU White, BD dos Santos, CAM Souza, JA McClellan, KJ Neumeier, JJ AF White, B. D. dos Santos, C. A. M. Souza, J. A. McClellan, K. J. Neumeier, J. J. TI Crystal growth and characterization of Marokite CaMn2O4+delta SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE characterization; floating zone technique; single-crystal growth; manganites ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; COMPOUND; CA AB Centimeter-sized single crystals of CaMn2O4+delta, commonly known as Marokite, were grown using the floating-zone method. The growth conditions are reported along with a discussion of a simple method for polycrystalline rod preparation, which differs from the typical cold isostatic pressure procedure. Crystal characterization was determined by powder X-ray diffraction, back-reflection Laue diffraction, iodometric titration, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Polycrystalline rods, composed of stoichiometric Marokite, were found to produce crystals with CaMnO3 as a secondary impurity phase as revealed by magnetic measurements and powder diffraction. Crystals grown from polycrystalline rods with excess manganese oxide produced single crystals of high quality without impurity phases. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [White, B. D.; dos Santos, C. A. M.; Souza, J. A.; Neumeier, J. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [dos Santos, C. A. M.] USP, Escola Engn Lorena, BR-12602810 Lorena, SP, Brazil. [McClellan, K. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neumeier, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 173840,238 EPS, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM neumeier@physics.montana.edu RI Souza, Jose/G-5555-2012; dos Santos, Carlos/C-1619-2012 OI Souza, Jose/0000-0002-6832-3581; NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 14 BP 3325 EP 3330 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.04.005 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 324ZA UT WOS:000257556700014 ER PT J AU Hanson, TA Yilmaz, N Drozda, P Gill, W Miller, TJ Donaldson, AB AF Hanson, Thomas A. Yilmaz, Nadir Drozda, Pat Gill, Walter Miller, Timothy J. Donaldson, A. Burl TI Acoustic pyrometry using an off-the-shelf range finding system SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE acoustic; pyrometry; flame; temperature; measurement ID FLOW-FIELDS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSDUCERS; FLAMES AB In this study, the development and validation of a non-invasive flame temperature measurement tool from an off-the-shelf ultrasonic rangefinder is discussed. Both 'pulse-echo' and single-pass methods are tested. The application of this device to the measurement of bench top flame temperatures is presented. C1 [Yilmaz, Nadir] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hanson, Thomas A.] NASA, Jacobs Technol Inc, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. [Drozda, Pat; Gill, Walter; Miller, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Donaldson, A. Burl] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Yilmaz, N (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM yilmaznadir@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 287 EP 308 DI 10.1177/0734904107087817 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 321SJ UT WOS:000257326500001 ER PT J AU Accardi, A Qiu, JW AF Accardi, Alberto Qiu, Jian-Wei TI Collinear factorization for deep inelastic scattering structure functions at large Bjorken x(B) SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE deep inelastic scattering; parton model; QCD ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; MASS CORRECTIONS; LARGE-X; QCD; CONSTRAINTS; TWIST-4 AB We examine the uncertainty of perturbative QCD factorization for hadron structure functions in deep inelastic scattering at a large value of the Bjorken variable x(B). We analyze the target mass correction to the structure functions by using the collinear factorization approach in the momentum space. We express the long distance physics of structure functions and the leading target mass corrections in terms of parton distribution functions with the standard operator definition. We compare our result with existing work on the target mass correction. We also discuss the impact of a final-state jet function on the extraction of parton distributions at large fractional momentum x. C1 [Accardi, Alberto] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Accardi, Alberto] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23668 USA. [Accardi, Alberto; Qiu, Jian-Wei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Accardi, A (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM accardi@jlab.org NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 090 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100090 ER PT J AU Bardakci, K AF Bardakci, Korkut TI Planar graphs on the world sheet: the Hamiltonian approach SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in lower dimensions; bosonic strings; long strings ID FIELD-THEORY; DUAL AMPLITUDES; MATRIX MODEL AB The present work continues the program of summing planar Feynman graphs on the world sheet. Although it is based on the same classical action introduced in the earlier work, there are two important new features: Instead of the path integral used in the earlier work, the model is quantized using the canonical algebra and the Hamiltonian picture. The new approach has an important advantage over the old one: The ultraviolet divergence that plagued the earlier work is absent. Using a family of projection operators, we are able to give an exact representation on the world sheet of the planar graphs of both the phi(3) theory, on which most of the previous work was based, and also of the phi(4) theory. We then apply the mean field approximation to determine the structure of the ground state. In agreement with the earlier work, we find that the graphs of phi(3) theory form a dense network (condensate) on the world sheet. In the case of the phi(4) theory, graphs condense for the unphysical (attractive) sign of the coupling, whereas there is no condensation for the physical (repulsive) sign. C1 [Bardakci, Korkut] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bardakci, Korkut] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bardakci, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kbardakci@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 057 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100057 ER PT J AU Becher, T Schwartz, MD AF Becher, Thomas Schwartz, Matthew D. TI A precise determination of alpha(s) from LEP thrust data using effective field theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; renormalization group; QCD ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; EVENT SHAPE DISTRIBUTIONS; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; POWER CORRECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; MASSIVE QUARKS; SOFT; RESUMMATION; ANNIHILATION AB Starting from a factorization theorem in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, the thrust distribution in e(+)e(-) collisions is calculated including resummation of the next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithms. This is a significant improvement over previous calculations which were only valid to next-to-leading logarithmic order. The fixed-order expansion of the resummed result approaches the exact fixed-order distribution towards the kinematic endpoint. This close agreement provides a verification of both the effective field theory expression and recently completed next-to-next-to-leading fixed-order event shapes. The resummed distribution is then matched to fixed order, resulting in a distribution valid over a large range of thrust. A fit to ALEPH and OPAL data from LEP 1 and LEP 2 produces alpha(s)(m(z)) = 0.1172 +/- 0.0010 +/- 0.0008 +/- 0.0012 +/- 0.0012, where the uncertainties are respectively statistical, systematic, hadronic, and perturbative. This is one of the world's most precise extractions of a, to date. C1 [Becher, Thomas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Schwartz, Matthew D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM becher@fnal.gov; matthew@pha.jhu.edu OI SCHWARTZ, MATTHEW/0000-0001-6344-693X NR 60 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 034 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/07/034 PG 38 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100034 ER PT J AU Becher, T Neubert, M Xu, G AF Becher, Thomas Neubert, Matthias Xu, Gang TI Dynamical threshold enhancement and resummation in Drell-Yan production SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; hadronic colliders; renormalization group; QCD ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; WILSON LOOPS; SOFT GLUONS; RAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUARK PRODUCTION AB Partonic cross sections for the production of massive objects in hadronic collisions receive large corrections when the invariant mass of the initial-state partons is just above the production threshold. Since typically the center-of-mass energy of the hadronic collision is much higher than the mass of the heavy objects, it is not obvious that these contributions translate into large corrections to the hadronic cross section. Using a recent approach to threshold resummation based on effective field theory, we quantify to which extent the fall-off of the parton densities at high x leads to a dynamical enhancement of the partonic threshold region. With the example of Drell-Yan production, we study the emergence of an effective physical scale characterizing the soft emissions in the process. We derive compact analytical expressions for the resummed Drell-Yan cross section and rapidity distribution directly in momentum space. They are free of Landau-pole singularities and are trivially matched onto fixed-order perturbative calculations. Evaluating the resummed cross sections at NNNLL order and matching onto NNLO fixed-order calculations, we perform a detailed numerical analysis of the cross section and rapidity distribution in pp collisions. C1 [Becher, Thomas; Neubert, Matthias] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Neubert, Matthias] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, THEP, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Neubert, Matthias; Xu, Gang] Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, New Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM becher@fnal.gov; neubertm@uni-mainz.de; gx26@cornell.edu NR 73 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 030 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/07/030 PG 43 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100030 ER PT J AU Bonciani, R Ferroglia, A Gehrmann, T Maitre, D Studerus, C AF Bonciani, R. Ferroglia, A. Gehrmann, T. Maitre, D. Studerus, C. TI Two-loop fermionic corrections to heavy-quark pair production: the quark-antiquark channel SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE NLO computations; hadronic colliders; QCD ID PHASE-SPACE INTEGRALS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS METHOD; ELECTROWEAK FORM-FACTOR; SUNRISE SELF-MASS; TO-LEADING ORDER; QCD CORRECTIONS; MASTER INTEGRALS; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; HARMONIC POLYLOGARITHMS; NUMERICAL EVALUATION AB We evaluate the fermionic two-loop QCD corrections to the heavy-quark pair production process in the quark-antiquark channel. We obtain analytic results which are valid for any value of the Mandelstam invariants s and t, and of the heavy quark mass m. Our findings confirm previous results for the analytic evaluation in the small-mass limit and numerical results for the exact amplitude. We furthermore provide the expansion of the two-loop amplitude at the production threshold S greater than or similar to 4m(2). C1 [Bonciani, R.; Ferroglia, A.; Gehrmann, T.; Studerus, C.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Maitre, D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94390 USA. RP Bonciani, R (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Roberto.Bonciani@physik.uzh.ch; Andrea.Ferroglia@physik.uzh.ch; Thomas.Gehrmann@physik.uzh.ch; maitreda@slac.stanford.edu; cedric@physik.uzh.ch NR 106 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 129 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100129 ER PT J AU Ho, CM Nakayama, Y AF Ho, Chiu Man Nakayama, Yu TI Dangerous Liouville wave - exactly marginal but non-conformal deformation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in lower dimensions; conformal field models in string theory; sigma models ID FIELD-THEORY; CONFORMAL-INVARIANCE; GENERATORS; STRINGS AB We give a non-trivially interacting field theory example of scale invariant but non-conformal field theory. The model is based on the exactly solvable Liouville field theory coupled with free scalars deformed by an exactly marginal operator. We show non-vanishing of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor by using the quantum Schwinger-Dyson equation for the Liouville field theory, which is a sophistication of the quantum higher equations of motion for the Liouville field theory introduced by Alyosha Zamolodchikov. Possibly dangerous implications for the super-critical string theory will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ho, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmho@berkeley.edu; nakayama@berkeley.edu RI Ho, Chiu Man /C-2741-2013 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 109 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100109 ER PT J AU Kersevan, BP Mijovic, L Hinchliffe, I AF Kersevan, Borut Paul Mijovic, Liza Hinchliffe, Ian TI A consistent prescription for combining perturbative calculations and parton showers in case of associated Z(0)b(b)over-bar hadroproduction SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; hadronic colliders; parton model; standard model ID HEAVY QUARKS; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FORMALISM AB This paper presents the method of combining parton shower formalism with perturbative calculations (matrix elements) in form of a Monte-Carlo algorithm for the process gg -> Z(0)/gamma*b (b) over bar, consistently including the heavy quark masses and overlap removal. C1 [Kersevan, Borut Paul] Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kersevan, Borut Paul; Mijovic, Liza] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Hinchliffe, Ian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kersevan, BP (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM borut.kersevan@ijs.si; liza.mijovic@ijs.si; I_Hinchliffe@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 032 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100032 ER PT J AU March-Russell, J West, SM Cumberbatch, D Hooper, D AF March-Russell, John West, Stephen M. Cumberbatch, Daniel Hooper, Dan TI Heavy dark matter through the Higgs portal SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology of theories beyond the SM; supersymmetric effective theories ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LATE-DECAYING PARTICLES; SCALAR PHANTOMS; COMPACTIFICATION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ABUNDANCES; COSMOLOGY; HIERARCHY; MODELS AB Motivated by Higgs Portal and Hidden Valley models, heavy particle dark matter that communicates with the supersymmetric Standard Model via pure Higgs sector interactions is considered. We show that a thermal relic abundance consistent with the measured density of dark matter is possible for masses up to similar to 30 TeV. For dark matter masses above similar to 1 TeV, non-perturbative Sommerfeld corrections to the annihilation rate are large, and have the potential to greatly affect indirect detection signals. For large dark matter masses, the Higgs-dark-matter-sector couplings are large and we show how such models may be given a UV completion within the context of so-called "Fat-Higgs" models. Higgs Portal dark matter provides an example of an attractive alternative to conventional MSSM neutralino dark matter that may evade discovery at the LHC, while still being within the reach of current and upcoming indirect detection experiments. C1 [March-Russell, John; West, Stephen M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [West, Stephen M.] Univ Oxford Magdalen Coll, Oxford OX1 4AU, England. [Cumberbatch, Daniel] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP March-Russell, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, 1 Kebel Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. EM j.march-russell1@physics.ox.ac.uk; s.west1@physics.ox.ac.uk; dtc@astro.ox.ac.uk; dhooper@fnal.gov OI West, Stephen/0000-0002-1666-9417 NR 98 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 058 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/07/058 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100058 ER PT J AU Nomura, Y Papucci, M Stolarski, D AF Nomura, Yasunori Papucci, Michele Stolarski, Daniel TI Flavorful supersymmetry from higher dimensions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetric standard model; supersymmetry phenomenology ID EXTRA DIMENSION; STANDARD MODEL; SUPERGRAVITY; BREAKING; HIERARCHY; MASSES; NEUTRINOS; COLLIDERS AB We present models of flavorful supersymmetry in higher dimensions. The Higgs fields and the supersymmetry breaking field are localized in the same place in the extra dimension(s). The Yukawa couplings and operators generating the supersymmetry breaking parameters then receive the same suppression factors from the wavefunction profiles of the matter fields, leading to a specific correlation between these two classes of interactions. The resulting phenomenology is very rich, while stringent experimental constraints from the low-energy flavor and CP violating processes can all be satisfied. We construct both unified and non-unified models in this framework, which can be either strongly or weakly coupled at the cutoff scale. We analyze one version in detail, a strongly coupled unified model, which addresses various issues of supersymmetric grand unification. The models presented here provide an explicit example in which the supersymmetry breaking spectrum can be a direct window into the physics of flavor at a very high energy scale. C1 [Nomura, Yasunori; Stolarski, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nomura, Yasunori; Stolarski, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Papucci, Michele] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM YNomura@lbl.gov; papucci@ias.edu; danchus@berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 055 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100055 ER PT J AU Thaler, J Wang, LT AF Thaler, Jesse Wang, Lian-Tao TI Strategies to identify boosted tops SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE jets; heavy quark physics; beyond standard model ID HADRON-COLLISIONS; E+E-ANNIHILATION; PARTON CASCADE; QCD CASCADES; JET; SUPERSYMMETRY; ALGORITHMS; C++ AB We study techniques for identifying highly boosted top jets, where the subsequent top decay products are not isolated. For hadronic boosted tops, we consider variables which probe the jet substructure in order to reduce the background from QCD jets with large invariant mass. Substructure variables related to two-body kinematics are least sensitive to the modeling of parton shower, while those which involve multi-body kinematics may still have discrimination power. For leptonic boosted tops, we consider variables which characterize the separation between the lepton-although not isolated by conventional criterion-and the hadronic activity in the top jet. Such variables are useful in reducing the backgrounds both from heavy-flavor jets and from accidental jet-lepton overlap. We give numerical estimates of the top identification efficiency versus background rejection rate as a functions of cuts on these variables, and find that these variables offer additional useful information above invariant mass alone. C1 [Thaler, Jesse] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thaler, Jesse] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Lian-Tao] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Thaler, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jthaler@jthaler.net; lianwang@princeton.edu NR 67 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 092 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100092 ER PT J AU Winter, JC Krauss, F AF Winter, Jan-Christopher Krauss, Frank TI Initial-state showering based on colour dipoles connected to incoming parton lines SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE jets; phenomenological models; hadronic colliders; QCD ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; TO-LEADING ORDER; LUND MONTE-CARLO; CROSS-SECTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MATRIX-ELEMENTS AB A parton-shower model for hadronic collisions based on the emission properties of QCD dipoles is proposed. This proposal therefore extends the well-known radiation pattern of pure final-state colour dipoles to QCD initial-state radiation, both of which are treated perturbatively. Corresponding dipole splitting functions are derived and the kinematics of all dipole splittings is discussed. The application of the resulting dipole-shower model to hadron production in electron-positron annihilation, to Drell-Yan lepton-pair and QCD jet production yields encouraging results. C1 [Winter, Jan-Christopher] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Krauss, Frank] Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Winter, JC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jwinter@fnal.gov; frank.krauss@durham.ac.uk NR 104 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 IS 7 AR 040 PG 66 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 333HR UT WOS:000258144100040 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Pepe, A AF Rodriguez, Marko A. Pepe, Alberto TI On the relationship between the structural and socioacademic communities of a coauthorship network SO JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS LA English DT Article DE social networks; structures and organization in human complex systems; community detection; collaboration patterns ID SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION; PATTERNS AB This article presents a study that compares detected structural communities in a coauthorship network to the socioacademic characteristics of the scholars that compose the network. The coauthorship network was created from the bibliographic record of a multi-institution, interdisciplinary research group focused on the study of sensor networks and wireless communication. Four different community detection algorithms were employed to assign a structural community to each scholar in the network: leading eigenvector, walktrap, edge betweenness and spinglass. Socioacademic characteristics were gathered from the scholars and include such information as their academic department, academic affiliation, country of origin, and academic position. A Pearson's chi(2)test, with a simulated Monte Carlo, revealed that structural communities best represent groupings of individuals working in the same academic department and at the same institution. A generalization of this result suggests that, even in interdisciplinary, multi-institutional research groups, coauthorship is primarily driven by departmental and institutional affiliation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pepe, Alberto] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Rodriguez, Marko A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Non Linear Studies, T 7, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pepe, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM marko@lanl.gov; apepe@ucla.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-1577 J9 J INFORMETR JI J. Informetr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.joi.2008.04.002 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 327ZQ UT WOS:000257767400003 ER PT J AU Aad, G Ackers, M Alberti, FA Aleppo, M Alimonti, G Alonso, J Anderssen, EC Andreani, A Andreazza, A Arguin, JF Arms, KE Barberis, D Barbero, MB Bazalova, M Beccherle, RB Becks, KH Behera, PK Bellina, F Beringer, J Bernardet, K Biesiada, JB Blanquart, L Boek, J Boyd, GR Breugnon, P Buchholz, P Butler, B Caccia, M Capsoni, AC Caso, C Cauz, D Cepeda, M Cereseto, R Cervetto, M Chu, ML Citterio, M Clemens, JC Coadou, YC Cobal, M Coccaro, A Coelli, S Correard, S Cristinziani, M Cuneo, S D'Auria, S Dameri, M Darbo, G Dardin, S De Lotto, B De Sanctis, U De Regie, JBDV Del Papa, C Delpierre, P Di Girolamo, B Dietsche, W Djama, F Dobos, D Donega, M Dopke, J Einsweiler, K Eyring, A Fasching, D Feligioni, L Ferguson, D Fernando, W Fischer, P Fisher, MJ Flick, T Gagliardi, G Galyaev, E Gan, KK Garcia-Sciveres, M Garelli, N Gariano, GG Gaycken, GG Gemme, C Gerlach, P Gilchriese, M Giordani, MP Giugni, D Glitza, KW Goessling, C Golling, T Goozen, F Gorelov, I Gorfine, G Grah, C Gray, HM Gregor, IM Grosse-Knetter, J Grybel, K Gutierrez, P Hallewell, GD Hartman, N Havranek, M Heinemann, B Henss, T Hoeferkamp, MR Hoffmann, D Holder, M Honerbach, W Horn, C Hou, S Huang, GS Huegging, F Hughes, EW Ibragimov, I Ilyashenko, I Imhaeuser, M Izen, JM Jackson, J Jana, D Jared, RC Jez, P Johnson, T Joseph, J Kagan, H Karagounis, M Kass, RD Keil, M Kersten, S Kind, P Klaiber-Lodewigs, J Klingbeil, L Klingenberg, R Korn, A Kostyukhin, VV Kostyukhina, I Krasel, O Krueger, H Krueger, K Kudlaty, J Kuhl, T Kvasnicka, O Lantzsch, K Lari, T Latorre, SL Lee, SC Lenz, T Lenzen, G Lepidis, J Leveque, J Leyton, M Mateos, DL Loureiro, KF Luke, D Luisa, L Lys, J Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Manca, FM Mandelli, E Marcisovsky, M Marshall, Z Martinez, G Masetti, L Mass, M Mathes, M McKay, R Meddeler, G Meera-Lebbai, R Meroni, C Metcalfe, J Meyer, WT Miller, DW Miller, W Montesano, S Monti, MM Morettini, P Moss, JM Mouthuy, T Nechaeva, P Ockenfels, W Odino, GA Olcese, M Osculati, B Parodi, F Pekedis, A Perez, K Peric, I Pizzorno, C Popule, J Post, R Ragusa, F Rahimi, AM Raith, B Rajek, S Reeves, K Reisinger, I Richardson, JD Rosenberg, EI Rossi, LP Rottlander, I Rovani, AR Rozanov, A Runolfsson, O Ruscino, ER Saavedra, AF Sabatini, FS Saleem, M Sandvoss, S Sanny, B Santi, L Scherzer, MI Schiavi, C Schreiner, A Schultes, J Schwartzman, A Seibert, R Seidel, SC Severini, H Shanava, S Sicho, P Skubic, P Smith, AC Smith, DS Snow, J Stahl, T Stockmanns, T Strandberg, S Strauss, M Ta, D Tegenfeldt, F Teng, PK Ter-Antonyan, R Thadome, J Tic, T Tomasek, L Tomasek, M Tomasi, F Toms, K Tran, C Treis, J Triplett, N Troncon, C Vacavant, L Vahsen, S Valenta, J Vegni, G Vernocchi, F Vigeolas, E Virzi, J Viscione, E Vrba, V Walbersloh, J Walkowiak, W Weber, J Weber, TF Weingarten, J Weldon, C Wermes, N Werthenbach, U Wirth, JS Witharm, R Witt, B Wittgen, M Wuestenfeld, J Wunstorf, R Wyckoff, J Yao, WM Young, C Zaidan, R Zdrazil, M Zetti, F Zhong, J Ziolkowski, M Zizkaa, G Zoeller, MM AF Aad, G. Ackers, M. Alberti, F. A. Aleppo, M. Alimonti, G. Alonso, J. Anderssen, E. C. Andreani, A. Andreazza, A. Arguin, J-F. Arms, K. E. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. B. Bazalova, M. Beccherle, R. B. Becks, K. H. Behera, P. K. Bellina, F. Beringer, J. Bernardet, K. Biesiada, J. B. Blanquart, L. Boek, J. Boyd, G. R. Breugnon, P. Buchholz, P. Butler, B. Caccia, M. Capsoni, A. C. Caso, C. Cauz, D. Cepeda, M. Cereseto, R. Cervetto, M. Chu, M. L. Citterio, M. Clemens, J. C. Coadou, Y. C. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Coelli, S. Correard, S. Cristinziani, M. Cuneo, S. D'Auria, S. Dameri, M. Darbo, G. Dardin, S. De Lotto, B. De Sanctis, U. De Regie, J. B. De Vivie Del Papa, C. Delpierre, P. Di Girolamo, B. Dietsche, W. Djama, F. Dobos, D. Donega, M. Dopke, J. Einsweiler, K. Eyring, A. Fasching, D. Feligioni, L. Ferguson, D. Fernando, W. Fischer, P. Fisher, M. J. Flick, T. Gagliardi, G. Galyaev, E. Gan, K. K. Garcia-Sciveres, M. Garelli, N. Gariano, G. G. Gaycken, G. G. Gemme, C. Gerlach, P. Gilchriese, M. Giordani, M. P. Giugni, D. Glitza, K. W. Goessling, C. Golling, T. Goozen, F. Gorelov, I. Gorfine, G. Grah, C. Gray, H. M. Gregor, I. M. Grosse-Knetter, J. Grybel, K. Gutierrez, P. Hallewell, G. D. Hartman, N. Havranek, M. Heinemann, B. Henss, T. Hoeferkamp, M. R. Hoffmann, D. Holder, M. Honerbach, W. Horn, C. Hou, S. Huang, G. S. Huegging, F. Hughes, E. W. Ibragimov, I. Ilyashenko, I. Imhaeuser, M. Izen, J. M. Jackson, J. Jana, D. Jared, R. C. Jez, P. Johnson, T. Joseph, J. Kagan, H. Karagounis, M. Kass, R. D. Keil, M. Kersten, S. Kind, P. Klaiber-Lodewigs, J. Klingbeil, L. Klingenberg, R. Korn, A. Kostyukhin, V. V. Kostyukhina, I. Krasel, O. Krueger, H. Krueger, K. Kudlaty, J. Kuhl, T. Kvasnicka, O. Lantzsch, K. Lari, T. Latorre, S. L. Lee, S. C. Lenz, T. Lenzen, G. Lepidis, J. Leveque, J. Leyton, M. Mateos, D. Lopez Loureiro, K. F. Lueke, D. Luisa, L. Lys, J. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Manca, F. M. Mandelli, E. Marcisovsky, M. Marshall, Z. Martinez, G. Masetti, L. Mass, M. Mathes, M. McKay, R. Meddeler, G. Meera-Lebbai, R. Meroni, C. Metcalfe, J. Meyer, W. T. Miller, D. W. Miller, W. Montesano, S. Monti, M. M. Morettini, P. Moss, J. M. Mouthuy, T. Nechaeva, P. Ockenfels, W. Odino, G. A. Olcese, M. Osculati, B. Parodi, F. Pekedis, A. Perez, K. Peric, I. Pizzorno, C. Popule, J. Post, R. Ragusa, F. Rahimi, A. M. Raith, B. Rajek, S. Reeves, K. Reisinger, I. Richardson, J. D. Rosenberg, E. I. Rossi, L. P. Rottlaender, I. Rovani, A. R. Rozanov, A. Runolfsson, O. Ruscino, E. R. Saavedra, A. F. Sabatini, F. S. Saleem, M. Sandvoss, S. Sanny, B. Santi, L. Scherzer, M. I. Schiavi, C. Schreiner, A. Schultes, J. Schwartzman, A. Seibert, R. Seidel, S. C. Severini, H. Shanava, S. Sicho, P. Skubic, P. Smith, A. C. Smith, D. S. Snow, J. Stahl, T. Stockmanns, T. Strandberg, S. Strauss, M. Ta, D. Tegenfeldt, F. Teng, P. K. Ter-Antonyan, R. Thadome, J. Tic, T. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Tomasi, F. Toms, K. Tran, C. Treis, J. Triplett, N. Troncon, C. Vacavant, L. Vahsen, S. Valenta, J. Vegni, G. Vernocchi, F. Vigeolas, E. Virzi, J. Viscione, E. Vrba, V. Walbersloh, J. Walkowiak, W. Weber, J. Weber, T. F. Weingarten, J. Weldon, C. Wermes, N. Werthenbach, U. Wirth, J. S. Witharm, R. Witt, B. Wittgen, M. Wuestenfeld, J. Wunstorf, R. Wyckoff, J. Yao, W-M. Young, C. Zaidan, R. Zdrazil, M. Zetti, F. Zhong, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zizkaa, G. Zoeller, M. M. TI ATLAS pixel detector electronics and sensors SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state); large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ID COMMERCIAL 0.25-MU-M PROCESS; TRAPPING TIME CONSTANTS; RD48 ROSE COLLABORATION; HARD SILICON DETECTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION; CONTROL-SYSTEM; DATA-ACQUISITION; READOUT CHIP; LHC; MODULES AB The silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized. Detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given. The design, fabrication, assembly and performance of the pixel detector modules are presented. Data obtained from test beams as well as studies using cosmic rays are also discussed. C1 [Alonso, J.; Anderssen, E. C.; Arguin, J-F.; Beringer, J.; Biesiada, J. B.; Blanquart, L.; Cepeda, M.; Dardin, S.; Einsweiler, K.; Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Golling, T.; Goozen, F.; Hartman, N.; Heinemann, B.; Johnson, T.; Korn, A.; Krueger, K.; Leyton, M.; Lys, J.; Madaras, R. J.; Mandelli, E.; Miller, W.; Pekedis, A.; Post, R.; Richardson, J. D.; Saavedra, A. F.; Scherzer, M. I.; Smith, A. C.; Strauss, M.; Tran, C.; Vahsen, S.; Virzi, J.; Weber, T. F.; Weldon, C.; Wirth, J. S.; Witharm, R.; Wyckoff, J.; Yao, W-M.; Zdrazil, M.; Zetti, F.; Zizkaa, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alonso, J.; Anderssen, E. C.; Arguin, J-F.; Beringer, J.; Biesiada, J. B.; Blanquart, L.; Cepeda, M.; Dardin, S.; Einsweiler, K.; Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Golling, T.; Goozen, F.; Hartman, N.; Heinemann, B.; Johnson, T.; Korn, A.; Krueger, K.; Leyton, M.; Lys, J.; Madaras, R. J.; Mandelli, E.; Meddeler, G.; Miller, D. W.; Pekedis, A.; Post, R.; Richardson, J. D.; Saavedra, A. F.; Scherzer, M. I.; Smith, A. C.; Strandberg, S.; Tran, C.; Vahsen, S.; Virzi, J.; Weber, T. F.; Weldon, C.; Wirth, J. S.; Witharm, R.; Wyckoff, J.; Yao, W-M.; Zdrazil, M.; Zetti, F.; Zizkaa, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ackers, M.; Barbero, M. B.; Cristinziani, M.; Dietsche, W.; Eyring, A.; Fischer, P.; Gaycken, G. G.; Grosse-Knetter, J.; Honerbach, W.; Huegging, F.; Karagounis, M.; Keil, M.; Klingbeil, L.; Krueger, H.; Krueger, K.; Kuhl, T.; Martinez, G.; Masetti, L.; Mathes, M.; Ockenfels, W.; Peric, I.; Raith, B.; Rottlaender, I.; Runolfsson, O.; Stockmanns, T.; Ta, D.; Treis, J.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Coadou, Y. 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[McKay, R.; Meyer, W. T.; Rosenberg, E. I.; Tegenfeldt, F.; Triplett, N.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames High Energy Phys Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Aad, G.; Bernardet, K.; Breugnon, P.; Clemens, J. C.; Correard, S.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Delpierre, P.; Djama, F.; Feligioni, L.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hoffmann, D.; Leveque, J.; Mouthuy, T.; Rozanov, A.; Vacavant, L.; Vigeolas, E.; Zaidan, R.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. [Alberti, F. A.; Alimonti, G.; Capsoni, A. C.; Citterio, M.; Coelli, S.; Giugni, D.; Lari, T.; Latorre, S. L.; Manca, F. M.; Meroni, C.; Monti, M. M.; Sabatini, F. S.; Tomasi, F.; Troncon, C.; Viscione, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Aleppo, M.; Andreani, A.; Andreazza, A.; Caccia, M.; De Sanctis, U.; Montesano, S.; Ragusa, F.; Vegni, G.] Univ Milan, Dipartmento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gorelov, I.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Metcalfe, J.; Seidel, S. C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Arms, K. E.; Fernando, W.; Fisher, M. J.; Gan, K. K.; Jackson, J.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R. D.; Loureiro, K. F.; Moss, J. M.; Rahimi, A. M.; Smith, D. S.; Ter-Antonyan, R.; Zoeller, M. M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Boyd, G. R.; Gutierrez, P.; Huang, G. S.; Jana, D.; Meera-Lebbai, R.; Saleem, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Snow, J.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Andreani, A.; Bazalova, M.; Havranek, M.; Jez, P.; Kvasnicka, O.; Marcisovsky, M.; Popule, J.; Sicho, P.; Tic, T.; Tomasek, L.; Tomasek, M.; Valenta, J.; Vrba, V.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Butler, B.; Horn, C.; Miller, D. W.; Schwartzman, A.; Wittgen, M.; Young, C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Buchholz, P.; Grybel, K.; Holder, M.; Ibragimov, I.; Seibert, R.; Stahl, T.; Walkowiak, W.; Werthenbach, U.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, DE-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Chu, M. L.; Hou, S.; Lee, S. C.; Teng, P. K.; Zhong, J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Cauz, D.; D'Auria, S.; De Lotto, B.; Del Papa, C.; Giordani, M. P.; Luisa, L.; Santi, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Udine, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Cobal, M.; D'Auria, S.; De Lotto, B.; Del Papa, C.; Giordani, M. P.; Luisa, L.; Santi, L.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fasching, D.; Ferguson, D.; Jared, R. C.; Joseph, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Becks, K. H.; Bellina, F.; Boek, J.; Dopke, J.; Flick, T.; Glitza, K. W.; Gorfine, G.; Grah, C.; Gregor, I. M.; Henss, T.; Imhaeuser, M.; Kersten, S.; Kind, P.; Lantzsch, K.; Lenz, T.; Lenzen, G.; Lepidis, J.; Maettig, P.; Reeves, K.; Sandvoss, S.; Sanny, B.; Schultes, J.; Witt, B.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich C, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Gilchriese, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS50B 6227,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MGGilchriese@lbl.gov; MGGilchriese@lbl.gov RI Moraes, Arthur/F-6478-2010; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leyton, Michael/G-2214-2016; Klingbeil, Lasse/A-5796-2012; Marcisovsky, Michal/H-1533-2014; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; OI Moraes, Arthur/0000-0002-5157-5686; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leyton, Michael/0000-0002-0727-8107; Troncon, Clara/0000-0002-7997-8524; Coccaro, Andrea/0000-0003-2368-4559; Klingbeil, Lasse/0000-0002-1941-150X; Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Gray, Heather/0000-0002-5293-4716; Madaras, Ronald/0000-0001-7399-2993; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Cristinziani, Markus/0000-0003-3893-9171; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; CACCIA, MASSIMO/0000-0002-9499-678X NR 98 TC 166 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 3 AR P07007 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07007 PG 80 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 336SQ UT WOS:000258385300002 ER PT J AU Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Hansel, S Hrubec, J Krammer, M Pernicka, M Waltenberger, W Widl, E Van Mechelen, P Cardaci, M Beaumont, W de Langhe, E de Wolf, EA Delmeire, E Bouhali, O Charaf, O Clerbaux, B Dewulf, JP Elgammal, S Hammad, G de Lentdecker, G Marage, P Velde, CV Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Devroede, O De Weirdt, S D'Hondt, J Goorens, R Heyninck, J Maes, J Tavernier, S Van Lancker, L Van Mulders, P Villella, I Assouak, S Bonnet, JL Bruno, G De Callatay, B De Visscher, S Favart, D Florins, B Forton, E Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Kalinin, S Kcira, D Keutgen, T Lemaitre, V Michotte, D Militaru, O Ovyn, S Piotrzkowski, K Rouby, X Teyssier, D Van der Aa, O Daubie, E Anttila, E Czellar, S Harkonen, J Karimaki, V Lampen, T Linden, T Luukka, PR Maenpaa, T Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Boudoul, G Chabanat, E Chabert, E Chierici, R Contardoa, D Estre, N Haroutunian, R Lumb, N Perries, S Trocme, B Agram, JL Blaes, R Drouhin, F Fontaine, JC Berst, JD Brom, JM Goerlach, U Graehling, P Gross, L Hosselet, J Juillot, P Maazouzi, C Ollivetto, C Van Hove, P Anagnostou, G Brauer, R Esser, H Feld, L Karpinski, W Klein, K Kukulies, C Olzem, J Ostapchuk, A Pandoulas, D Pierschel, G Raupach, F Schael, S Schwering, G Thomas, M Weber, M Wittmer, B Wlochal, M Beissel, F Bock, E Flugge, G Hermanns, T Heydhausen, D Jahn, D Kaussen, G Linn, A Perchalla, L Poettgens, M Pooth, O Stahl, A Zoeller, MH Butz, E Fricke, S Flucke, G Klanner, R Pein, U Schleper, P Steinbruck, G Blum, P De Boer, W Dierlamm, A Dirkes, G Fahrer, M Frey, M Furgeri, A Hartmann, F Heier, S Hoffmann, KH Ledermann, B Liamsuwan, T Muller, S Muller, T Scheurer, AU Schilling, FP Simonis, HJ Zhukov, V De Robertis, G Fiore, L Silvestris, L Tempesta, P Zito, G Creanza, D De Filippis, N De Palma, M Giordano, D Maggi, G Manna, N My, S Radicci, V Selvaggi, G Albergo, S Chiorboli, M Costa, S Galanti, M Noto, F Potenza, R Saizu, MA Sutera, C Tricomi, A Tuve, C Civinini, C Manolescu, F Meschini, M Paoletti, S Sguazzoni, G Broccolo, B Ciulli, V D'Alessandro, R Focardi, E Frosali, S Genta, C Landi, G Lenzi, P Macchiolo, A Magini, N Mersi, S Parrini, G Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Candelori, A Dorigo, T Kaminsky, A Bisello, D De Mattia, M Giubilato, P Khomenkov, V Loreti, M Mattiazzo, S Nigro, M Paccagnella, A Tosi, M Bilei, GM Checcucci, B Fano, L Servoli, L Ambroglini, F Babucci, E Benedetti, D Biasini, M Caponeri, B Covarelli, R Giorgi, M Lariccia, P Mantovani, G Marcantonini, M Postolache, V Santocchia, A Spiga, D Bagliesi, G Boccali, T Bosi, F Castaldi, R Cerri, C Dell'Orso, R Dobur, D Dutta, S Giassi, A Kraan, AC Lomtadze, T Magazzu, G Martinelli, G Moggi, A Palla, F Palmonari, F Raffaelli, F Sanguinetti, G Sarkar, S Serban, AT Spagnolo, P Tenchini, R Venturi, A Verdini, PG Vos, M Basti, A Benucci, L Bernardini, J Borrello, L Fiori, F Linari, S Massa, M Messineo, A Segneri, G Tonelli, G Azzurri, P Bocci, A Foa, L Gennai, S Ligabue, F Mangano, B Petrucciani, G Rizzi, A Demaria, N Borgia, MA Castello, R Costa, M Migliore, E Romero, A Abbaneo, D Ahmed, I Bloch, C Breuker, H Buchmuller, O Cattai, A Delaere, C Edera, LM Eppard, M Gill, K Giolo-Nicollerat, AS Grabit, R Honma, A Huhtinen, M Kloukinas, K Ljuslin, C Mannelli, M Masetti, L Marchioro, A Michal, S Mirabito, L Onnela, A Paillard, C Pal, I Petagna, P Pioppi, M Postema, H Ranieri, R Ricci, D Rolandi, G Ronga, F Siegrist, P Tropea, P Troska, J Tsirou, A Donckt, MV Vasey, F Church, I Cole, J Coughlan, J Gay, A Taghavi, S Tomalin, I Bainbridge, R Cripps, N Fulcher, J Hall, G Noy, M Pesaresi, M Radicci, V Raymond, DM Rose, A Sharp, P Stoye, M Wingham, M Zorba, O Goitom, I Hobson, PR Reid, I Teodorescu, L Bose, M Hanson, G Jeng, GY Liu, H Pasztor, G Satpathy, A Stringer, R Campagnari, C D'Alfonso, M Garberson, J Incandela, J Kalavase, P Kovalskyi, D Kyre, S Lamb, J Lowette, S Rebassoo, F Ribnik, J Richman, J Rossin, R Stuart, D Swain, S Vlimant, JR White, D Wagner, SR Bagby, L Bhat, P Burkett, K Gutsche, O Jensen, H Johnson, M Mason, D Miao, T Noeding, C Skup, E Spalding, W Spiegel, L Tkaczyk, S Yumiceva, F Anghel, I Bazterra, VE Gerber, CE Khalatian, S Shabalina, E Baringer, P Bean, A Chen, J Moulik, T Bolton, T Onoprienko, D Wan, Z Gritsan, A Lae, CK Tran, N Everaerts, P Hahn, KA Harris, P Nahn, S Rudolph, M Roland, C Sung, K Betchart, B Demina, R Gotra, Y Korjenevski, S Miner, D Orbaker, D Christofek, L Hooper, R Landsberg, G Nguyen, D Narain, M Speer, T Tsang, KV AF Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Haensel, S. Hrubec, J. Krammer, M. Pernicka, M. Waltenberger, W. Widl, E. Van Mechelen, P. Cardaci, M. Beaumont, W. de langhe, E. de Wolf, E. A. Delmeire, E. Bouhali, O. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. Dewulf, J. -P. Elgammal, S. Hammad, G. de Lentdecker, G. Marage, P. Velde, C. Vander Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Devroede, O. De Weirdt, S. D'Hondt, J. Goorens, R. Heyninck, J. Maes, J. Tavernier, S. Van Lancker, L. Van Mulders, P. Villella, I. Assouak, S. Bonnet, J. -L. Bruno, G. De Callatay, B. De Visscher, S. Favart, D. Florins, B. Forton, E. Giammanco, A. Gregoire, G. Kalinin, S. Kcira, D. Keutgen, Th. Lemaitre, V. Michotte, D. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Piotrzkowski, K. Rouby, X. Teyssier, D. Van der Aa, O. Daubie, E. Anttila, E. Czellar, S. Harkonen, J. Karimaki, V. Lampen, T. Linden, T. Luukka, P. -R. Maenpaa, T. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Boudoul, G. Chabanat, E. Chabert, E. Chierici, R. Contardoa, D. Estre, N. Haroutunian, R. Lumb, N. Perries, S. Trocme, B. Agram, J. -L. Blaes, R. Drouhin, F. Fontaine, J. -C. Berst, J. -D. Brom, J. -M. Goerlach, U. Graehling, P. Gross, L. Hosselet, J. Juillot, P. Maazouzi, C. Ollivetto, C. Van Hove, P. Anagnostou, G. Brauer, R. Esser, H. Feld, L. Karpinski, W. Klein, K. Kukulies, C. Olzem, J. Ostapchuk, A. Pandoulas, D. Pierschel, G. Raupach, F. Schael, S. Schwering, G. Thomas, M. Weber, M. Wittmer, B. Wlochal, M. Beissel, F. Bock, E. Flugge, G. Hermanns, T. Heydhausen, D. Jahn, D. Kaussen, G. Linn, A. Perchalla, L. Poettgens, M. Pooth, O. Stahl, A. Zoeller, M. H. Butz, E. Fricke, S. Flucke, G. Klanner, R. Pein, U. Schleper, P. Steinbrueck, G. Bluem, P. De Boer, W. Dierlamm, A. Dirkes, G. Fahrer, M. Frey, M. Furgeri, A. Hartmann, F. Heier, S. Hoffmann, K. -H Ledermann, B. Liamsuwan, T. Mueller, S. Mueller, T. Scheurer, A. U. Schilling, F. -P. Simonis, H. -J. Zhukov, V. De Robertis, G. Fiore, L. Silvestris, L. Tempesta, P. Zito, G. Creanza, D. De Filippis, N. De Palma, M. Giordano, D. Maggi, G. Manna, N. My, S. Radicci, V. Selvaggi, G. Albergo, S. Chiorboli, M. Costa, S. Galanti, M. Noto, F. Potenza, R. Saizu, M. A. Sutera, C. Tricomi, A. Tuve, C. Civinini, C. Manolescu, F. Meschini, M. Paoletti, S. Sguazzoni, G. Broccolo, B. Ciulli, V. D'Alessandro, R. Focardi, E. Frosali, S. Genta, C. Landi, G. Lenzi, P. Macchiolo, A. Magini, N. Mersi, S. Parrini, G. Azzi, P. Bacchetta, N. Candelori, A. Dorigo, T. Kaminsky, A. Bisello, D. De Mattia, M. Giubilato, P. Khomenkov, V. Loreti, M. Mattiazzo, S. Nigro, M. Paccagnella, A. Tosi, M. Bilei, G. M. Checcucci, B. Fano, L. Servoli, L. Ambroglini, F. Babucci, E. Benedetti, D. Biasini, M. Caponeri, B. Covarelli, R. Giorgi, M. Lariccia, P. Mantovani, G. Marcantonini, M. Postolache, V. Santocchia, A. Spiga, D. Bagliesi, G. Boccali, T. Bosi, F. Castaldi, R. Cerri, C. Dell'Orso, R. Dobur, D. Dutta, S. Giassi, A. Kraan, A. C. Lomtadze, T. Magazzu, G. Martinelli, G. Moggi, A. Palla, F. Palmonari, F. Raffaelli, F. Sanguinetti, G. Sarkar, S. Serban, A. T. Spagnolo, P. Tenchini, R. Venturi, A. Verdini, P. G. Vos, M. Basti, A. Benucci, L. Bernardini, J. Borrello, L. Fiori, F. Linari, S. Massa, M. Messineo, A. Segneri, G. Tonelli, G. Azzurri, P. Bocci, A. Foa, L. Gennai, S. Ligabue, F. Mangano, B. Petrucciani, G. Rizzi, A. Demaria, N. Borgia, M. A. Castello, R. Costa, M. Migliore, E. Romero, A. Abbaneo, D. Ahmed, I. Bloch, C. Breuker, H. Buchmuller, O. Cattai, A. Delaere, C. Edera, L. M. Eppard, M. Gill, K. Giolo-Nicollerat, A. -S. Grabit, R. Honma, A. Huhtinen, M. Kloukinas, K. Ljuslin, C. Mannelli, M. Masetti, L. Marchioro, A. Michal, S. Mirabito, L. Onnela, A. Paillard, C. Pal, I. Petagna, P. Pioppi, M. Postema, H. Ranieri, R. Ricci, D. Rolandi, G. Ronga, F. Siegrist, P. Tropea, P. Troska, J. Tsirou, A. Donckt, M. Vander Vasey, F. Church, I. Cole, J. Coughlan, J. Gay, A. Taghavi, S. Tomalin, I. Bainbridge, R. Cripps, N. Fulcher, J. Hall, G. Noy, M. Pesaresi, M. Radicci, V. Raymond, D. M. Rose, A. Sharp, P. Stoye, M. Wingham, M. Zorba, O. Goitom, I. Hobson, P. R. Reid, I. Teodorescu, L. Bose, M. Hanson, G. Jeng, G. -Y. Liu, H. Pasztor, G. Satpathy, A. Stringer, R. Campagnari, C. D'Alfonso, M. Garberson, J. Incandela, J. Kalavase, P. Kovalskyi, D. Kyre, S. Lamb, J. Lowette, S. Rebassoo, F. Ribnik, J. Richman, J. Rossin, R. Stuart, D. Swain, S. Vlimant, J. -R. White, D. Wagner, S. R. Bagby, L. Bhat, P. Burkett, K. Gutsche, O. Jensen, H. Johnson, M. Mason, D. Miao, T. Noeding, C. Skup, E. Spalding, W. Spiegel, L. Tkaczyk, S. Yumiceva, F. Anghel, I. Bazterra, V. E. Gerber, C. E. Khalatian, S. Shabalina, E. Baringer, P. Bean, A. Chen, J. Moulik, T. Bolton, T. Onoprienko, D. Wan, Z. Gritsan, A. Lae, C. K. Tran, N. Everaerts, P. Hahn, K. A. Harris, P. Nahn, S. Rudolph, M. Roland, C. Sung, K. Betchart, B. Demina, R. Gotra, Y. Korjenevski, S. Miner, D. Orbaker, D. Christofek, L. Hooper, R. Landsberg, G. Nguyen, D. Narain, M. Speer, T. Tsang, K. V. TI The CMS Tracker operation and performance at the Magnet Test and Cosmic Challenge SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; solid state detectors AB During summer 2006 a fraction of the CMS silicon strip tracker was operated in a comprehensive slice test called the Magnet Test and Cosmic Challenge (MTCC). At the MTCC, cosmic rays detected in the muon chambers were used to trigger the readout of all CMS subdetectors in the general data acquisition system and in the presence of the 4 T magnetic field produced by the CMS superconducting solenoid. This document describes the operation of the Tracker hardware and software prior, during and after data taking. The performance of the detector as resulting from the MTCC data analysis is also presented. C1 [Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; Giordano, D.; Maggi, G.; Manna, N.; My, S.; Radicci, V.; Selvaggi, G.; Albergo, S.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Galanti, M.; Noto, F.; Potenza, R.; Saizu, M. A.; Sutera, C.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.; Broccolo, B.; Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Macchiolo, A.; Magini, N.; Mersi, S.; Parrini, G.; Bisello, D.; De Mattia, M.; Giubilato, P.; Khomenkov, V.; Loreti, M.; Mattiazzo, S.; Nigro, M.; Paccagnella, A.; Tosi, M.; Ambroglini, F.; Babucci, E.; Benedetti, D.; Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Covarelli, R.; Giorgi, M.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Marcantonini, M.; Postolache, V.; Santocchia, A.; Spiga, D.; Borgia, M. A.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Migliore, E.; Romero, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Van Mechelen, P.; Cardaci, M.; Beaumont, W.; de langhe, E.; de Wolf, E. A.; Delmeire, E.] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Bouhali, O.; Charaf, O.; Clerbaux, B.; Dewulf, J. -P.; Elgammal, S.; Hammad, G.; de Lentdecker, G.; Marage, P.; Velde, C. Vander; Vanlaer, P.; Wickens, J.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Devroede, O.; De Weirdt, S.; D'Hondt, J.; Goorens, R.; Heyninck, J.; Maes, J.; Tavernier, S.; Van Lancker, L.; Van Mulders, P.; Villella, I.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [Assouak, S.; Bonnet, J. -L.; Bruno, G.; De Callatay, B.; De Visscher, S.; Favart, D.; Florins, B.; Forton, E.; Giammanco, A.; Gregoire, G.; Kalinin, S.; Kcira, D.; Keutgen, Th.; Lemaitre, V.; Michotte, D.; Militaru, O.; Ovyn, S.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Rouby, X.; Teyssier, D.; Van der Aa, O.] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Daubie, E.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Maes, J.; Anttila, E.; Czellar, S.; Harkonen, J.; Karimaki, V.; Lampen, T.; Linden, T.; Luukka, P. -R.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.] Univ Helsinki, HIP, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Boudoul, G.; Chabanat, E.; Chabert, E.; Chierici, R.; Contardoa, D.; Estre, N.; Haroutunian, R.; Lumb, N.; Perries, S.; Trocme, B.] Univ Lyon 1, Inst Nucl Phys, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Agram, J. -L.; Blaes, R.; Drouhin, F.; Fontaine, J. -C.] Univ Haute Alsace, Grp Rech Phys Hautes Energies, Mulhouse, France. [Berst, J. -D.; Brom, J. -M.; Goerlach, U.; Graehling, P.; Gross, L.; Hosselet, J.; Juillot, P.; Maazouzi, C.; Ollivetto, C.; Van Hove, P.] Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS, IN2P3, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. [Anagnostou, G.; Brauer, R.; Esser, H.; Feld, L.; Karpinski, W.; Klein, K.; Kukulies, C.; Olzem, J.; Ostapchuk, A.; Pandoulas, D.; Pierschel, G.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; Schwering, G.; Thomas, M.; Weber, M.; Wittmer, B.; Wlochal, M.] Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, Aachen, Germany. [Beissel, F.; Bock, E.; Flugge, G.; Hermanns, T.; Heydhausen, D.; Jahn, D.; Kaussen, G.; Linn, A.; Perchalla, L.; Poettgens, M.; Pooth, O.; Stahl, A.; Zoeller, M. H.] Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, Aachen, Germany. [Butz, E.; Fricke, S.; Flucke, G.; Klanner, R.; Pein, U.; Schleper, P.; Steinbrueck, G.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Bluem, P.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Dirkes, G.; Fahrer, M.; Frey, M.; Furgeri, A.; Hartmann, F.; Heier, S.; Hoffmann, K. -H; Ledermann, B.; Liamsuwan, T.; Mueller, S.; Mueller, T.; Scheurer, A. U.; Schilling, F. -P.; Simonis, H. -J.; Zhukov, V.] Karlsruhe IEKP, Karlsruhe, Germany. [De Robertis, G.; Fiore, L.; Silvestris, L.; Tempesta, P.; Zito, G.] INFN Bari, Bari, Italy. [Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; Giordano, D.; Maggi, G.; Manna, N.; My, S.; Radicci, V.; Selvaggi, G.] Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, Bari, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Galanti, M.; Noto, F.; Potenza, R.; Saizu, M. A.; Sutera, C.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Univ Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy. [Civinini, C.; Manolescu, F.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.] INFN Firenze, Florence, Italy. [Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Friedl, M.; Fruehwirth, R.; Haensel, S.; Hrubec, J.; Krammer, M.; Pernicka, M.; Waltenberger, W.; Widl, E.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, Vienna, Austria. [Broccolo, B.; Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Macchiolo, A.; Magini, N.; Mersi, S.; Parrini, G.] Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Candelori, A.; Dorigo, T.; Kaminsky, A.] INFN Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bisello, D.; De Mattia, M.; Giubilato, P.; Khomenkov, V.; Loreti, M.; Mattiazzo, S.; Nigro, M.; Paccagnella, A.; Tosi, M.] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Bilei, G. M.; Checcucci, B.; Fano, L.; Servoli, L.] INFN Perugia, Perugia, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Babucci, E.; Benedetti, D.; Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Covarelli, R.; Giorgi, M.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Marcantonini, M.; Postolache, V.; Spiga, D.; Sanguinetti, G.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Genta, C.; Bagliesi, G.; Boccali, T.; Bosi, F.; Castaldi, R.; Cerri, C.; Dell'Orso, R.; Dobur, D.; Dutta, S.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A. C.; Lomtadze, T.; Magazzu, G.; Martinelli, G.; Moggi, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Raffaelli, F.; Sanguinetti, G.; Sarkar, S.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Venturi, A.; Vos, M.; Basti, A.; Benucci, L.; Bernardini, J.; Borrello, L.; Fiori, F.; Linari, S.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Segneri, G.; Tonelli, G.; Azzurri, P.; Bocci, A.; Foa, L.; Ligabue, F.; Mangano, B.; Petrucciani, G.; Rizzi, A.] INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Basti, A.; Benucci, L.; Bernardini, J.; Borrello, L.; Fiori, F.; Linari, S.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Segneri, G.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bocci, A.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Ligabue, F.; Mangano, B.; Petrucciani, G.; Rizzi, A.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Demaria, N.] INFN Torino, Turin, Italy. [Borgia, M. A.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Migliore, E.; Romero, A.] Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Drouhin, F.; Hartmann, F.; Bacchetta, N.; Verdini, P. G.; Tonelli, G.; Abbaneo, D.; Ahmed, I.; Bloch, C.; Breuker, H.; Buchmuller, O.; Cattai, A.; Delaere, C.; Edera, L. M.; Eppard, M.; Gill, K.; Giolo-Nicollerat, A. -S.; Grabit, R.; Honma, A.; Huhtinen, M.; Kloukinas, K.; Ljuslin, C.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Marchioro, A.; Michal, S.; Mirabito, L.; Onnela, A.; Paillard, C.; Pal, I.; Petagna, P.; Pioppi, M.; Postema, H.; Ranieri, R.; Ricci, D.; Rolandi, G.; Ronga, F.; Siegrist, P.; Tropea, P.; Troska, J.; Tsirou, A.; Donckt, M. Vander; Vasey, F.; Sharp, P.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Church, I.; Cole, J.; Coughlan, J.; Gay, A.; Taghavi, S.; Tomalin, I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Radicci, V.; Bainbridge, R.; Cripps, N.; Fulcher, J.; Hall, G.; Noy, M.; Pesaresi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rose, A.; Sharp, P.; Stoye, M.; Wingham, M.; Zorba, O.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Goitom, I.; Hobson, P. R.; Reid, I.; Teodorescu, L.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Bose, M.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. -Y.; Liu, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Stringer, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Garberson, J.; Incandela, J.; Kalavase, P.; Kovalskyi, D.; Kyre, S.; Lamb, J.; Lowette, S.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; Swain, S.; Vlimant, J. -R.; White, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wagner, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bagby, L.; Bhat, P.; Burkett, K.; Gutsche, O.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Mason, D.; Miao, T.; Noeding, C.; Skup, E.; Spalding, W.; Spiegel, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Yumiceva, F.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Anghel, I.; Bazterra, V. E.; Gerber, C. E.; Khalatian, S.; Shabalina, E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Chen, J.; Moulik, T.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bolton, T.; Onoprienko, D.; Wan, Z.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gritsan, A.; Lae, C. K.; Tran, N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Everaerts, P.; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Nahn, S.; Rudolph, M.; Roland, C.; Sung, K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Betchart, B.; Demina, R.; Gotra, Y.; Korjenevski, S.; Miner, D.; Orbaker, D.] Univ Rochester, New York, NY USA. [Christofek, L.; Hooper, R.; Landsberg, G.; Nguyen, D.; Narain, M.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP D'Alessandro, R (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM vitaliano.ciulli@fi.infn.it RI D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; My, Salvatore/I-5160-2015; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/J-4620-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Ligabue, Franco/F-3432-2014; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013; Khomenkov, Volodymyr (Vladimir)/I-5957-2013; Ahmed, Ijaz/E-9144-2015; Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Chen, Jie/H-6210-2011; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; Focardi, Ettore/E-7376-2012; Fruhwirth, Rudolf/H-2529-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012 OI Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Costa, Salvatore/0000-0001-9919-0569; Tonelli, Guido Emilio/0000-0003-2606-9156; Rizzi, Andrea/0000-0002-4543-2718; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Focardi, Ettore/0000-0002-3763-5267; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 3 AR P07006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07006 PG 63 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 336SQ UT WOS:000258385300003 ER PT J AU Attree, D Anderson, B Anderssen, EC Akhnazarov, V Apsimon, RJ Barclay, P Batchelor, LE Bates, RL Battistin, M Bendotti, J Berry, S Bitadze, A Bizzel, JP Bonneau, P Bosteels, M Butterworth, JM Butterworth, S Carter, AA Carter, JR Catinaccio, A Corbaz, F Danielsson, HO Danilevich, E Dixon, N Dixon, SD Doherty, F Dorholt, O Doubrava, M Egorov, I Egorov, K Einsweiler, K Falou, AC Feraudet, P Ferrari, P Fowler, K Fraser, JT French, RS Galuska, M Gannaway, F Gariano, G Gibson, MD Gilchriese, M Giugni, D Godlewski, J Gousakov, I Gorski, B Hallewell, GD Hartman, N Hawkings, RJ Haywood, SJ Hessey, NP Infante, S Jackson, JN Jones, TJ Kaplon, J Katunin, S Lindsay, S Luisa, L Massol, N McEwan, F McMahon, J Menot, C Mistry, J Morris, J Muskett, M Nagai, K Nichols, A Nicholson, R Nickerson, RB Nielsen, SL Nordahl, PE Olcese, M Parodi, M Perez-Gomez, F Pernegger, H Perrin, E Rossi, LP Rovani, A Ruscino, E Sandaker, H Smith, A Sopko, V Stapnes, S Stodulski, M Tarrant, J Thadome, J Tovey, D Turala, M Tyndel, M Vacek, V van der Kraaij, E Viehhauser, GHA Vigeolas, E Wells, PS Wenig, S Wernekev, P AF Attree, D. Anderson, B. Anderssen, E. C. Akhnazarov, V. Apsimon, R. J. Barclay, P. Batchelor, L. E. Bates, R. L. Battistin, M. Bendotti, J. Berry, S. Bitadze, A. Bizzel, J. P. Bonneau, P. Bosteels, M. Butterworth, J. M. Butterworth, S. Carter, A. A. Carter, J. R. Catinaccio, A. Corbaz, F. Danielsson, H. O. Danilevich, E. Dixon, N. Dixon, S. D. Doherty, F. Dorholt, O. Doubrava, M. Egorov, I. Egorov, K. Einsweiler, K. Falou, A. C. Feraudet, P. Ferrari, P. Fowler, K. Fraser, J. T. French, R. S. Galuska, M. Gannaway, F. Gariano, G. Gibson, M. D. Gilchriese, M. Giugni, D. Godlewski, J. Gousakov, I. Gorski, B. Hallewell, G. D. Hartman, N. Hawkings, R. J. Haywood, S. J. Hessey, N. P. Infante, S. Jackson, J. N. Jones, T. J. Kaplon, J. Katunin, S. Lindsay, S. Luisa, L. Massol, N. McEwan, F. McMahon, J. Menot, C. Mistry, J. Morris, J. Muskett, M. Nagai, K. Nichols, A. Nicholson, R. Nickerson, R. B. Nielsen, S. L. Nordahl, P. E. Olcese, M. Parodi, M. Perez-Gomez, F. Pernegger, H. Perrin, E. Rossi, L. P. Rovani, A. Ruscino, E. Sandaker, H. Smith, A. Sopko, V. Stapnes, S. Stodulski, M. Tarrant, J. Thadome, J. Tovey, D. Turala, M. Tyndel, M. Vacek, V. van der Kraaij, E. Viehhauser, G. H. A. Vigeolas, E. Wells, P. S. Wenig, S. Wernekev, P. TI The evaporative cooling system for the ATLAS inner detector SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ID SEMICONDUCTOR TRACKER AB This paper describes the evaporative system used to cool the silicon detector structures of the inner detector sub-detectors of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The motivation for an evaporative system, its design and construction are discussed. In detail the particular requirements of the ATLAS inner detector, technical choices and the qualification and manufacture of final components are addressed. Finally results of initial operational tests are reported. Although the entire system described, the paper focuses on the on-detector aspects. Details of the evaporative cooling plant will be discussed elsewhere. C1 [Gariano, G.; Olcese, M.; Parodi, M.; Rossi, L. P.; Rovani, A.; Ruscino, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Gariano, G.; Olcese, M.; Parodi, M.; Rossi, L. P.; Rovani, A.; Ruscino, E.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Attree, D.; Anderson, B.; Butterworth, J. M.; Fraser, J. T.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Anderssen, E. C.; Einsweiler, K.; Gilchriese, M.; Hartman, N.; Smith, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Anderssen, E. C.; Einsweiler, K.; Gilchriese, M.; Hartman, N.; Smith, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Akhnazarov, V.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Apsimon, R. J.; Barclay, P.; Batchelor, L. E.; Butterworth, S.; Gibson, M. D.; Haywood, S. J.; McMahon, J.; Nichols, A.; Tarrant, J.; Tyndel, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bates, R. L.; Doherty, F.; McEwan, F.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Battistin, M.; Bendotti, J.; Berry, S.; Bitadze, A.; Bizzel, J. P.; Bonneau, P.; Bosteels, M.; Catinaccio, A.; Corbaz, F.; Danielsson, H. O.; Dixon, N.; Feraudet, P.; Ferrari, P.; Godlewski, J.; Hawkings, R. J.; Infante, S.; Kaplon, J.; Menot, C.; Perez-Gomez, F.; Pernegger, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenig, S.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Carter, A. A.; Gannaway, F.; Nagai, K.] Univ London, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. [Carter, J. R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Katunin, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Russia. [Dixon, N.; French, R. S.; Nicholson, R.; Tovey, D.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Dorholt, O.; Nielsen, S. L.; Nordahl, P. E.; Stapnes, S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo 3, Norway. [Doubrava, M.; Sopko, V.; Vacek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Dept Appl Phys, CZ-16607 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Egorov, I.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Egorov, K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Falou, A. C.] Univ Paris 11, LAL, CNRS, IN2P3, Orsay, France. [Fowler, K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Giugni, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Giugni, D.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gousakov, I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. [Gorski, B.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Hallewell, G. D.; Vigeolas, E.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Hessey, N. P.; van der Kraaij, E.; Wernekev, P.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subatom Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jackson, J. N.; Jones, T. J.; Lindsay, S.; Muskett, M.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Luisa, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Udine, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Luisa, L.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Luisa, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Udine, IT-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Luisa, L.] ICTP, IT-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Massol, N.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, Savoie, France. [Nickerson, R. B.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Perrin, E.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Sandaker, H.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Turala, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Thadome, J.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich C, DE-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Olcese, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Dodecaneso 33, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy. EM marco.olcese@cern.ch NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 3 AR P07003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07003 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 336SQ UT WOS:000258385300006 ER PT J AU Cahn, RN Jackson, JD AF Cahn, R. N. Jackson, J. D. TI Solvable examples of drift and diffusion of ions in non-uniform electric fields SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; gaseous detectors; detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons; with matter, etc); time projection chambers AB The drift and diffusion of a cloud of ions in a fluid are distorted by an inhomogeneous electric field. If the electric field carries the center of the distribution in a straight line and the field configuration is suitably symmetric, the distortion can be calculated analytically. We examine the specific examples of fields with cylindrical and spherical symmetry in detail assuming the ion distributions to be of a generally Gaussian form. The effects of differing diffusion coefficients in the transverse and longitudinal directions are included. C1 [Cahn, R. N.; Jackson, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cahn, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rncahn@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 3 AR P07008 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/P07008 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 336SQ UT WOS:000258385300001 ER PT J AU Blanchette, CD Law, R Benner, WH Pesavento, JB Cappuccio, JA Walsworth, V Kuhn, EA Corzett, M Chromy, BA Segelke, BW Coleman, MA Bench, G Hoeprich, PD Sulchek, TA AF Blanchette, Craig D. Law, Richard Benner, W. Henry Pesavento, Joseph B. Cappuccio, Jenny A. Walsworth, Vicki Kuhn, Edward A. Corzett, Michele Chromy, Brett A. Segelke, Brent W. Coleman, Matthew A. Bench, Graham Hoeprich, Paul D. Sulchek, Todd A. TI Quantifying size distributions of nanolipoprotein particles with single-particle analysis and molecular dynamic simulations SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; nanodiscs; high density lipoproteins; atomic force microscopy; ion mobility spectrometry ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; LIPID-BINDING; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; DISCOIDAL COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; BILAYER NANODISCS AB Self-assembly of purified apolipoproteins and phospholipids results in the formation of nanometer-sized lipoprotein complexes, referred to as nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs). These bilayer constructs are fully soluble in aqueous environments and hold great promise as a model system to aid in solubilizing membrane proteins. Size variability in the self-assembly process has been recognized for some time, yet limited studies have been conducted to examine this phenomenon. Understanding the source of this heterogeneity may lead to methods to mitigate heterogeneity or to control NLP size, which may be important for tailoring NLPs for specific membrane proteins. Here, we have used atomic force microscopy, ion mobility spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy to quantify NLP size distributions on the single-particle scale, specifically focusing on assemblies with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and a recombinant apolipoprotein E variant containing the N-terminal 22 kDa fragment (E422k). Four discrete sizes of E422k/DMPC NLPs were identified by all three techniques, with diameters centered at similar to 14.5, 19, 23.5, and 28 nm. Computer simulations suggest that these sizes are related to the structure and number of E422k lipoproteins surrounding the NLPs and particles with an odd number of lipoproteins are consistent with the double-belt model, in which at least one lipoprotein adopts a hairpin structure. C1 [Blanchette, Craig D.; Law, Richard; Benner, W. Henry; Pesavento, Joseph B.; Cappuccio, Jenny A.; Walsworth, Vicki; Kuhn, Edward A.; Corzett, Michele; Chromy, Brett A.; Segelke, Brent W.; Coleman, Matthew A.; Bench, Graham; Hoeprich, Paul D.; Sulchek, Todd A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sulchek, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sulchek1@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1420 EP 1430 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700586-JLR200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 313DC UT WOS:000256720300006 PM 18403317 ER PT J AU Gieras, M Klemens, R Kuhl, A Oleszczak, P Trzcinski, W Wolanski, P AF Gieras, M. Klemens, R. Kuhl, A. Oleszczak, P. Trzcinski, W. Wolanski, P. TI Influence of the chamber volume on the upper explosion limit for hexane-air mixtures SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article DE hexane-air mixture; ignition; explosion; upper explosion limit ID COMBUSTION; SPRAYS AB Fundamental hexane vapour-air explosion parameters were found by measuring the explosion pressure variation in closed chambers of 5.6 and 40 dm(3) volume. Also the explosion pressure and rate of explosion pressure rise of hexane droplets-air mixtures close to upper explosion limit were obtained for chambers of 5.6, 40, 150 and 1250 dm(3). It was found that the upper explosion limit for hexane droplets-air mixture is in the range of 1.8-5.5 kg/m(3) and is about 30-40 times higher than the stoichiometric concentration and 3-9 times higher than that for hexane vapours-air mixtures. It was stated, that rich explosion limit is increasing along with an increase of the droplets mean diameter and also along with the chamber size. 3D and large eddy simulation of the investigated process with using computer code FLUENT 6.0 was also made. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gieras, M.; Klemens, R.; Oleszczak, P.; Wolanski, P.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. [Kuhl, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Trzcinski, W.] Mil Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. RP Gieras, M (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. EM gieras@itc.pw.edu.pl NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.jlp.2008.02.006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 322CQ UT WOS:000257353200008 ER PT J AU Hagaman, EW Jiao, J Moore, T AF Hagaman, Edward W. Jiao, Jian Moore, Tony TI The generation of intense radiofrequency fields in mu coils SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE mu coil probe; Radiofrequency (rf) field; F-19 NMR; mu coil probe construction ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROCOILS; DESIGN AB Large amplitude radiofrequency (rf) fields hold great promise in wide line NMR where it becomes possible to excite the full breadth of the line in a quantitative fashion. Applications in quadrupole NMR and in NMR of paramagnetic systems benefit greatly from intense fields. Spin manipulations in multiple quantum NMR experiments, specifically, the generation of multiple quantum coherence in MQ NMR, are more efficiently produced using intense rf fields. In this work we describe a mu coil probe that produces an rf field of 25 MHz, more than five times larger than the greatest rf field reported in the literature. We accomplish this in a robust, 127 mu m diameter solenoid coil using 1 kW of rf power. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hagaman, Edward W.; Jiao, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Moore, Tony] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hagaman, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hagamanew@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 150 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.04.022 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 315PK UT WOS:000256891700021 PM 18455455 ER PT J AU Yan, M Vavassori, P Leaf, G Fradin, FY Grimsditch, M AF Yan, M. Vavassori, P. Leaf, G. Fradin, F. Y. Grimsditch, M. TI Non-linear response of driven spin excitations SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE brillouin light scattering; non-linear dynamics; micromagnetic simulation ID THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Brillouin scattering was used to study the effect of high-power microwave fields on an array of permalloy particles and the results are compared with simulations. The simulations are of two types: one is based on a model in which each particle is treated as a single spin, the second model relies on generalized micromagnetic codes that include external driving fields and enable magnon-magnon coupling. Experimental results as well as simulations show clear, but sometimes different, evidence of non-linear behavior. (C) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, M.; Leaf, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vavassori, P.] Univ Ferrara, INFM, CNR S3, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Vavassori, P.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Fradin, F. Y.; Grimsditch, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yan, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, IFF Elekt Eigenschafen 9, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM m.yan@fz-juelich.de RI Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 320 IS 13 BP 1909 EP 1915 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.184 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 295ZD UT WOS:000255512400011 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Luhrs, C Peng, CY Fanson, P Zea, H AF Phillips, Jonathan Luhrs, Claudia Peng, Chunyun Fanson, Paul Zea, Hugo TI Engineering aerosol-through-plasma torch ceramic particulate structures: Influence of precursor composition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES AB This is the second in a series of articles demonstrating the unique character of the aerosol-through-plasma (A-T-P) process for producing nanoparticles. This study is focused on the impact of two parameters, cation ratio (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) and solvent (evaporated prior to generation of aerosol), on the structures of Ce:Al oxides particles. These two simple changes were found to impact virtually every aspect of particle structure, including the fraction of hollow versus solid, fraction of nanoparticles, phase structure, and even the existence of surface phase segregation. CeAl mixed oxides were found only over a limited range of compositions, and that range was a function of the solvent. At all other cation ratios, only ceria was a crystalline phase, and most if not all the alumina is amorphous. It is notable that the fraction of hollow micron-sized particles and nanoparticles is greatly influenced by the cation ratio and solvent identity. Indeed, significant numbers of nanoparticles were only produced using an aqueous precursor with a Ce:Al ratio of 1:1. Another unique finding is that phase segregation exists in individual particles on the length scale of nanometers. This study compliments an earlier study of the influence of operating conditions on particle structure. Taken together, the studies suggest a means to engineer (as well as limits to the engineering possibilities) ceramic particle structures using the A-T-P method. C1 [Phillips, Jonathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan; Luhrs, Claudia; Peng, Chunyun; Zea, Hugo] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fanson, Paul] Toyota Motor Engn & Mfg N Amer Inc, Catalyst Mat, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1870 EP 1876 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0233 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 322XY UT WOS:000257409800007 ER PT J AU Shvareva, TY Ushakov, SV Navrotsky, A Libera, JA Elam, JW AF Shvareva, Tatiana Y. Ushakov, Sergey V. Navrotsky, Alexandra Libera, Joseph A. Elam, Jeffrey W. TI Thermochemistry of nanoparticles on a substrate: Zinc oxide on amorphous silica SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; SURFACE ENTHALPY; WATER-ADSORPTION; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; ENERGETICS; STABILITY; ENERGY; ZIRCONIA; GROWTH AB Crystalline samples of zinc oxide on a mesoporous amorphous silica substrate were prepared by 5 to 15 atomic layer deposition cycles with diethyl zinc and water at 150 degrees C. Samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and water adsorption calorimetry experiments were performed to measure surface enthalpy for crystalline ZnO particles supported on the substrate. The measured enthalpies 1.23 +/- 0.35 and 2.07 +/- 0.59 J/m(2) for hydrous and anhydrous surfaces, respectively, are in agreement with previously reported measurements for unsupported ZnO nanoparticles. Feasibility of thermochemical characterization of complex system of atomic layer deposition (ALD) prepared particles on a substrate was demonstrated. C1 [Shvareva, Tatiana Y.; Ushakov, Sergey V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Libera, Joseph A.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu RI Ushakov, Sergey/C-5501-2008; Ushakov, Sergey/I-7278-2012; OI Ushakov, Sergey/0000-0002-8184-8884 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1907 EP 1915 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0237 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 322XY UT WOS:000257409800013 ER PT J AU Chawla, N Boehlert, C Chawla, KK Lara-Curzio, E AF Chawla, N. Boehlert, C. Chawla, K. K. Lara-Curzio, E. TI Preface to special section on composite materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chawla, N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Boehlert, C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chawla, K. K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Lara-Curzio, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chawla, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Nikhilesh.Chawla@asu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 13 BP 4353 EP 4355 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2608-z PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 304DL UT WOS:000256090100001 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Yoon, WS Nam, KW Yang, XQ Abraham, DP AF Kang, Sun-Ho Yoon, Won-Sub Nam, Kyung-Wan Yang, Xiao-Qing Abraham, Daniel P. TI Investigating the first-cycle irreversibility of lithium metal oxide cathodes for Li batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRODES; REVERSIBILITY; CAPACITY AB Layered lithium metal oxide cathodes typically exhibit irreversibility during the first cycle in lithium cells when cycled in conventional voltage ranges (e.g., 3-4.3 V vs. Li(+)/Li). In this work, we have studied the first-cycle irreversibility of lithium cells containing various layered cathode materials using galvanostatic cycling and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. When cycled between 3.0 and 4.3 V vs. Li(+)/Li, the cells containing LiCoO(2), LiNi(0.8)Co(0.15)Al(0.05)O(2), and Li(1.048)(Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3))(0.952)O(2) as cathodes showed initial coulombic efficiencies of 98.0, 87.0, and 88.6%, respectively, at relatively slow current (8 mA/g). However, the "lost capacity" could be completely recovered by discharging the cells to low voltages (< 2 V vs. Li(+)/Li). During this deep discharge, the same cells exhibited voltage plateaus at 1.17, 1.81, and 1.47 V, respectively, which is believed to be associated with formation of a Li(2)MO(2)-like phase (M = Ni, Co, Mn) on the oxide particle surface due to very sluggish lithium diffusion in Li(epsilon)MO(2) with epsilon -> 1 (i.e., near the end of discharge). The voltage relaxation curve and in situ X-ray diffraction patterns, obtained from a Li/Li(1.048)(Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3))(0.952)O(2) cell, showed that the oxide cathode reversibly returned to its original state [i.e., Li(1.048)(Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3))(0.952)O(2)] during relaxation following the deep discharge to achieve 100% cycle efficiency. C1 [Kang, Sun-Ho; Abraham, Daniel P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yoon, Won-Sub; Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sunho.kang@anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4701 EP 4706 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2355-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316DJ UT WOS:000256928800005 ER PT J AU Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Weber, JKR AF Wilding, Martin C. Benmore, Chris J. Weber, J. K. R. TI In situ diffraction studies of magnesium silicate liquids SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COORDINATION CHANGES; VITREOUS SILICA; AMORPHOUS SIO2; HIGH-PRESSURE; GLASSES; FORSTERITE; PHASE AB Primitive MgO-SiO2 liquids dominate the early history of the Earth and Terrestrial planets. The structures of these liquids and structure-dependent properties, such as viscosity and diffusion, are considered important in the evolution of these planets, however, MgO-SiO2 liquids are refractory and do not form glasses easily and it is difficult to measure the structure of these liquids. Container-less synthesis techniques have been used to produce glasses that range in composition from 50 to 33% SiO2, corresponding to the compositions of two important mantle minerals: enstatite and forsterite. The structure of these glasses has been determined using combined neutron and high-energy diffraction and show changes in the short-range order as a function of composition. These changes include a jump in Mg-O coordination number at the limit to the formation of the silicate network in forsterite composition glass. These results imply a similar change in the structure of the liquid. Accordingly, the structures of forsterite and enstatite liquids have been determined using high-energy X-rays and a specialized sample environment, a containerless levitator. The main qualitative structural differences between MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 glasses are also observed in the melt. Liquid MgSiO3 is interpreted as forming a relatively 'strong' network of SiO4 tetrahedra, whereas the Mg2SiO4 liquid is "fragile" and dominated MgOn (n = 4, 5, 6) polyhedra and highly mobile oxygen ions. The results differ significantly from previously reported X-ray diffraction data for liquid MgSiO3. C1 [Wilding, Martin C.] Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. [Benmore, Chris J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, J. K. R.] Mat Dev Inc, Arlington Hts, IL 60004 USA. RP Wilding, MC (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM mbw@aber.ac.uk OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4707 EP 4713 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2356-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316DJ UT WOS:000256928800006 ER PT J AU Miller, JE Allendorf, MD Diver, RB Evans, LR Siegel, NP Stuecker, JN AF Miller, James E. Allendorf, Mark D. Diver, Richard B. Evans, Lindsey R. Siegel, Nathan P. Stuecker, John N. TI Metal oxide composites and structures for ultra-high temperature solar thermochemical cycles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY JUN 03-06, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER; OXIDATION; ENERGY; CO2; CATALYSTS; 2-STEP; CERIA AB Conceptually, thermochemical cycles are heat engines that drive endothermic chemical reactions, e.g., splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. The two-step metal oxide cycles (typically ferrite-based) are particularly attractive since they are relatively simple, use non-corrosive materials, and involve gas-solid reactions requiring no difficult separations. Additionally, they are potentially the most efficient renewable-energy driven processes for hydrogen production. We are developing a novel concentrating solar power (CSP) driven metal-oxide-based heat engine, the CR5, at the heart of which are rings of a reactive solid that are thermally and chemically cycled to produce oxygen and hydrogen from water in separate and isolated steps. The monolithic ring structures must have high geometric surface area for gas-solid contact and for adsorption of incident solar radiation, and must maintain structural integrity and high reactivity after extensive thermal cycling to temperatures of at least 1,400 degrees C. We have demonstrated through laboratory and on-sun testing that cobalt ferrite/zirconia mixtures fabricated into monolithic structures suitable for the CR5 are mechanically robust and maintain productivity over tens of cycles. We have also demonstrated that carbon dioxide splitting (CDS) to carbon monoxide and oxygen is a thermodynamically favorable alternative to water splitting that can be conducted with both iron- and cerium-based materials. C1 [Miller, James E.; Diver, Richard B.; Evans, Lindsey R.; Siegel, Nathan P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jemille@sandia.gov RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011; Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948; NR 30 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 9 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4714 EP 4728 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2354-7 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316DJ UT WOS:000256928800007 ER PT J AU Sun, XY Sun, YG AF Sun, Xiuyun Sun, Yugang TI Single-walled carbon nanotubes for flexible electronics and sensors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE single-walled carbon nanotubes; flexible; electronics; sensors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; COMPLEMENTARY LOGIC GATES; P-N DIODES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGEN SENSORS; RANDOM NETWORKS; ALIGNED ARRAYS; GUIDED GROWTH AB This article reviews the use of electronic quality single-walled carbon nanotubes grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches at high temperatures as building blocks for fabricating flexible field-effect devices, such as thin-film transistors (TFTs) and chemical sensors. Dry transfer printing technique is developed for forming films of CVD nanotubes on low-temperature plastic substrates. Examples of TFTs with the use of nanotubes and thin dielectrics and hydrogen sensors with the use of nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles are discussed in detail to demonstrate the promising potentiality of single-walled carbon nanotubes for building high performance flexible devices, which can find applications where traditional devices on rigid substrates are not suitable. C1 [Sun, Yugang] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Xiuyun] Dezhou Univ, Dept Mech & Elect Engn, Dezhou 253023, Peoples R China. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 20 PU JOURNAL MATER SCI TECHNOL PI SHENYANG PA 72 WENHUA RD, SHENYANG 110015, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-0302 J9 J MATER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 569 EP 577 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 335QR UT WOS:000258305600013 ER PT J AU Phelps, TJ Pfiffner, SM AF Phelps, T. J. Pfiffner, Susan M. TI Tribute to the scientific contributions of David Cleaveland White - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Phelps, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pfiffner, Susan M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.018 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 317RM UT WOS:000257037300001 ER PT J AU Phelps, TJ Palumbo, AV Bischoff, BL Miller, CJ Fagan, LA McNeilly, MS Judkins, RR AF Phelps, T. J. Palumbo, A. V. Bischoff, B. L. Miller, C. J. Fagan, L. A. McNeilly, M. S. Judkins, R. R. TI Micron-pore-sized metallic filter tube membranes for filtration of particulates and water purification SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacterial concentration; filtration efficiency; metallic filter tubes; water filtration; water purification AB Robust filtering techniques capable of efficiently removing particulates and biological agents from water or air suffer from plugging, poor rejuvenation, low permeance, and high backpressure. Operational characteristics of pressure-driven separations are in part controlled by the membrane pore size, charge of particulates, transmembrane pressure and the requirement for sufficient water flux to overcome fouling. With long term use filters decline in permeance due to filter-cake plugging of pores, fouling, or filter deterioration. Though metallic filter tube development at ORNL has focused almost exclusively on gas separations, a small study examined the applicability of these membranes for tangential filtering of aqueous suspensions of bacterial-sized particles. A mixture of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres ranging in size from 0.5 to 6 gin in diameter simulated microorganisms in filtration studies. Compared to a commercial filter, the ORNL 0.6 mu m filter averaged approximately 10-fold greater filtration efficiency of the small particles, several-fold greater permeance after considerable use and it returned to approximately 85% of the initial flow upon backflushing versus 30% for the commercial filter. After filtering several liters of the particle-containing suspension, the ORNL composite filter still exhibited greater than 50% of its initial permeance while the commercial filter had decreased to less than 20%. When considering a greater filtration efficiency, greater permeance per unit mass, greater percentage of rejuvenation upon backflushing (up to 3-fold), and likely greater performance with extended use, the ORNL 0.6 gm filters can potentially outperform the commercial filter by factors of 100-1000 fold. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phelps, T. J.; Palumbo, A. V.; Fagan, L. A.; McNeilly, M. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bischoff, B. L.; Miller, C. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Judkins, R. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Engn Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Drake, Meghan/A-6446-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Drake, Meghan/0000-0001-7969-4823; Bischoff, Brian/0000-0002-3021-7898 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.005 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 317RM UT WOS:000257037300003 PM 17884208 ER PT J AU McLean, JS Majors, PD Reardon, CL Bilskis, CL Reed, SB Romine, MF Fredrickson, JK AF McLean, Jeffrey S. Majors, Paul D. Reardon, Catherine L. Bilskis, Christina L. Reed, Samantha B. Romine, Margaret F. Fredrickson, James K. TI Investigations of structure and metabolism within Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE biofilm; confocal microscopy; gene reporter; metabolism nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); NMR microscopy; localized NMR spectroscopy; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; PYRUVATE FERMENTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; ANAEROBIC SURVIVAL; FUMARATE REDUCTASE AB Biofilms possess spatially and temporally varying metabolite concentration profiles at the macroscopic and microscopic scales. This results in varying growth environments that may ultimately drive species diversity, determine biofilm structure and the spatial distribution of the community members. Using non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopic imaging/spectroscopy and confocal imaging, we investigated the kinetics and stratification of anaerobic metabolism within live biofilms of the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Biofilms were pre-grown using a defined minimal medium in a constant-depth film bioreactor and subsequently transferred to an in-magnet sample chamber under laminar flow for NMR measurements. Biofilms generated in this manner were subjected to changing substrate/electron acceptor combinations (fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and nitrate) and the metabolic responses measured. Localized NMR spectroscopy was used to non-invasively measure hydrogen-containing metabolites at high temporal resolution (4.5 min) under O-2-limited conditions. Reduction of electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions was immediately observed upon switching feed solutions indicating that no gene induction (transcriptional response) was needed for MR-1 to switch metabolism from 02 to furnarate, dimethyl sulfoxide or nitrate. In parallel experiments, confocal microscopy was used with constitutively expressed fluorescent reporters to independently investigate changes in population response to the availability of electron acceptor and to probe metabolic competition under O-2-limited conditions. A clearer understanding of the metabolic diversity and plasticity of the biofilm mode of growth as well as how these factors relate to environmental fitness is made possible through the use of non-invasive and non-destructive techniques such as described herein. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McLean, Jeffrey S.; Majors, Paul D.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Bilskis, Christina L.; Reed, Samantha B.; Romine, Margaret F.; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [McLean, Jeffrey S.] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov RI McLean, Jeffrey/A-8014-2012; OI McLean, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9934-5137; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.015 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 317RM UT WOS:000257037300007 PM 18448180 ER PT J AU Oliver, AD Wallner, TA Tandon, R Nieman, K Bergstrom, PL AF Oliver, A. D. Wallner, T. A. Tandon, R. Nieman, K. Bergstrom, P. L. TI Diamond scribing and breaking of silicon for MEMS die separation SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SLIDING MICROINDENTATION FRACTURE; BRITTLE MATERIALS AB We describe a post-release die separation process for < 100 > silicon wafers with polysilicon surface micromachines using a combination of diamond scribing and mechanical breaking. The theoretical basis of scribing is reviewed and the theoretical relationship between scribe force and median crack depth was experimentally verified. Also the relationship between the scribe angle and the median crack depth as well as the stress to fracture is described. Scribe speed and scribe wear were also investigated. The results from our experiments were used to develop a process that had yields above 80% for two types of electrostatic MEMS actuators. C1 [Oliver, A. D.; Wallner, T. A.; Tandon, R.; Nieman, K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Oliver, A. D.] ICx Photon, Billerica, MA USA. [Wallner, T. A.; Bergstrom, P. L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wallner, T. A.] IBM Corp, Watertown, NY USA. [Nieman, K.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Oliver, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM andrew.oliver@icxt.com NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 AR 075026 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/18/7/075026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 318YG UT WOS:000257128100027 ER PT J AU Strong, F Skinner, JL Tien, NC AF Strong, FabianW Skinner, Jack L. Tien, Norman C. TI Electrical discharge across micrometer-scale gaps for planar MEMS structures in air at atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FIELD BREAKDOWN; PASCHEN MINIMUM; SEPARATIONS; DEVICES AB We examine electrical discharge current responses across atmospheric pressure air gaps in the 2 mu m to 7 mu m range between planar polysilicon microstructures to determine the physical process of electrical discharge. The effect on discharge response from shape-related field enhancement is investigated through simulated field distribution and experimental current response for devices with design variations in electrode shape. Initial Townsend discharges, between 50 pA and 400 pA, transitioned to a second stage of 2 nA to 20 nA when the applied voltage increased 13% to 21% above the initial breakdown voltage. C1 [Strong, FabianW] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Skinner, Jack L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Tien, Norman C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Coll Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Strong, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fwstrong@comcast.net RI Tien, Norman/E-7194-2012 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 AR 075025 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/18/7/075025 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 318YG UT WOS:000257128100026 ER PT J AU Molina, SI Varela, M Ben, T Sales, DL Pizarro, J Galindo, PL Fuster, D Gonzalez, Y Gonzalez, L Pennycook, SJ AF Molina, Sergio I. Varela, Maria Ben, Teresa Sales, David L. Pizarro, Joaquin Galindo, Pedro L. Fuster, David Gonzalez, Yolanda Gonzalez, Luisa Pennycook, Stephen J. TI A Method to Determine the Strain and Nucleation Sites of Stacked Nano-Objects SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; Nano-Object; Semiconductor Nanostructure; Strain; High Resolution Z-Contrast Imaging ID INAS/INP QUANTUM WIRES; DOTS; FIELDS; ANISOTROPY; ALIGNMENT; STRESS; GROWTH; SPACE AB We determine the compositional distribution with atomic column resolution in a horizontal nanowire from the analysis of aberration-corrected high resolution Z-contrast images. The strain field in a layer capping the analysed nanowire is determined by anisotropic elastic theory from the resulting compositional map. The reported method allows preferential nucleation sites for epitaxial nanowires to be predicted with high spatial resolution, as required for accurate tuning of desired optical properties. The application of this method has been exemplified in this work for stacked InAs(P) horizontal nanowires grown on InP separated by 3 nm thick InP layers, but we propose it as a general method to be applied to other stacked nano-objects. C1 [Molina, Sergio I.; Varela, Maria] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Molina, Sergio I.; Ben, Teresa; Sales, David L.] Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, Fac Ciencia, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Pizarro, Joaquin; Galindo, Pedro L.] Univ Cadiz, Dept Lenguajes & Sist Informat, CASEM, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Fuster, David; Gonzalez, Yolanda; Gonzalez, Luisa] CSIC, Inst Microelect Madrid, CNM, Madrid 28760, Spain. RP Molina, SI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Molina, Sergio/A-8241-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Gonzalez, Yolanda/C-5234-2011; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/D-5173-2013; Fuster, David/A-7295-2014; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; BEN, TERESA/I-9076-2014; Gonzalez, Luisa/E-6990-2010; Sales, David/K-9453-2014; Pizarro Junquera, Joaquin/L-5943-2014; GALINDO, PEDRO/L-6183-2014; Ben, Teresa/B-8753-2017 OI Molina, Sergio/0000-0002-5221-2852; Gonzalez, Yolanda/0000-0002-7581-7328; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/0000-0003-4211-9045; Fuster, David/0000-0002-8809-697X; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Gonzalez, Luisa/0000-0002-8745-7673; Sales, David/0000-0001-6652-514X; Pizarro Junquera, Joaquin/0000-0002-4295-6743; GALINDO, PEDRO/0000-0003-0892-8113; Ben, Teresa/0000-0003-4842-1472 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; SANDiE European Network of Excellence [NMP4-CT-2004-500101]; Spanish MEC [TEC2005-05781-C03-01, TEC2005-05781-C03-02, NAN2004-09109-C04-01, 2010 CSD2006-00019]; CAM [S 0505ESP 0200]; Junta de Andalucia (PAI research groups) [TEP-120, TIC-145]; [PAI05-TEP-00383] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments of Dr. M. P. Oxley. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, the SANDiE European Network of Excellence (Contract No NMP4-CT-2004-500101), the Spanish MEC (TEC2005-05781-C03-01 y 02, NAN2004-09109-C04-01, Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2006-00019). the CAM (S 0505ESP 0200) and the Junta de Andalucia (PAI research groups TEP-120 and it. TIC-145; project PAI05-TEP-00383). NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3422 EP 3426 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.123 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 370QC UT WOS:000260776600017 PM 19051889 ER PT J AU Fong, CY Qian, MC Liu, K Yang, LH Pask, JE AF Fong, C. Y. Qian, M. C. Liu, Kai Yang, L. H. Pask, J. E. TI Design of Spintronic Materials with Simple Structures SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spintronics; Zincblende Half Metals; Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; HALF-METAL; SUPERLATTICES; FERROMAGNETISM; MULTILAYERS; DEVICE; CRO2 AB A brief comparison of conventional electronics and spintronics is given. The key features of half metallic binary compounds with the zincblende structure are presented, using MnAs as an example. We discuss the interactions responsible for the half metallic properties. Special properties of superlattices and a digital ferromagnetic heterostructure incorporating zincblende half metals are also discussed. C1 [Fong, C. Y.; Qian, M. C.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yang, L. H.; Pask, J. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fong, CY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [ECS-0225007]; SDSC; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [W-7405-Eng.-48] FX Work at UC Davis was supported in part by NSF with Grant No. ECS-0225007, SDSC, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (K.L.). Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under contract No. W-7405-Eng.-48. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3652 EP 3660 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 370QC UT WOS:000260776600051 PM 19051923 ER PT J AU Lu, TS Du, J Samulyak, R AF Lu, Tianshi Du, Jian Samulyak, Roman TI A Numerical Algorithm for Magnetohydrodynamics of Ablated Materials SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ablation; Magnetohydrodynamics; Free Surface Flows; Front Tracking ID EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; PELLET ABLATION; LASER-ABLATION; INTERFACE TRACKING; POISSONS-EQUATION; ATOMIC PROCESSES; HYDROGEN PELLET; FRONT TRACKING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LIQUID-METAL AB A numerical algorithm for the simulation of magnetohydrodynamics in partially ionized ablated material is described. For the hydro part, the hyperbolic conservation laws with electromagnetic terms is solved using techniques developed for free surface flows; for the electromagnetic part, the electrostatic approximation is applied and an elliptic equation for electric potential is solved. The algorithm has been implemented in the frame of front tracking, which explicitly tracks geometrically complex evolving interfaces. An elliptic solver based on the embedded boundary method were implemented for both two- and three-dimensional simulations. A surface model on the interface between the solid target and the ablated vapor has also been developed as well as a numerical model for the equation of state which accounts for atomic processes in the ablated material. The code has been applied to simulations of the pellet ablation in a magnetically confined plasma and the laser-ablated plasma plume expansion in magnetic fields. C1 [Lu, Tianshi; Samulyak, Roman] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Du, Jian] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lu, TS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Du, Jian/C-5448-2011 FU Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX The authors Would like to thank Paul Parks for his guidance on the pellet ablation physics and stimulating discussions. This manuscript has been authored in part by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purpose. This research partially used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3674 EP 3685 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.010 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 370QC UT WOS:000260776600053 PM 19051925 ER PT J AU Negrut, D Anitescu, M El-Azab, A Zapol, P AF Negrut, Dan Anitescu, Mihai El-Azab, Anter Zapol, Peter TI Quasicontinuum-Like Reduction of Density Functional Theory Calculations of Nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reduced Order Models; Quasicontinuum Method; OFDFT; Structure of Nano Systems; Multiscale Electronic Structure ID QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRON-GAS; SIMULATION; ALGORITHMS; PHYSICS; ATOMS AB Density functional theory can accurately predict chemical and mechanical properties of nanostructures, although at a high computational cost. A quasicontinuum-like framework is proposed to substantially increase the size of the nanostructures accessible to simulation. It takes advantage of the near periodicity of the atomic positions in some regions of nanocrystalline materials to establish an interpolation scheme for the electronic density in the system. The electronic problem embeds interpolation and coupled cross-domain optimization techniques through a process called electronic reconstruction. For the optimization of nuclei positions, computational gains result from explicit consideration of a reduced number of representative nuclei and interpolating the positions of the rest of nuclei following the quasicontinuum paradigm. Numerical tests using the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac functional demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework within the orbital-free density functional theory. C1 [Negrut, Dan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anitescu, Mihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [El-Azab, Anter] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zapol, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zapol, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Negrut, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences-Materials Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, and in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences-Materials Sciences, both under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Emil Constantinescu and . Toby Heyn are acknowledged for their support in generating the three-dimensional results reported in the paper, and we thank Nick Schafer for reading the manuscript and providing feedback. Use of computer resources front Argonne National Laboratory Computing Resource Center and US DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3729 EP 3740 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.013 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 370QC UT WOS:000260776600058 PM 19051930 ER PT J AU Trebotich, D Miller, GH Bybee, MD AF Trebotich, D. Miller, G. H. Bybee, M. D. TI A Penalty Method to Model Particle Interactions in DNA-Laden Flows SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Particle Interactions; Repulsive Potential; Polymer Flow; Microfluidics ID EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; POISSONS-EQUATION; HEAT-EQUATION; ALGORITHM; SCHEME AB We present a hybrid fluid-particle algorithm to simulate flow and transport of DNA-laden fluids in microdevices. Relevant length scales in microfluidic systems range from characteristic channel sizes of millimeters to micron scale geometric variation (e.g., post arrays) to 10 nanometers for the length of a single rod in a bead-rod polymer representation of a biological material such as DNA. The method is based on a previous fluid-particle algorithm in which long molecules are represented as a chain of connected rods, but in which the physically unrealistic behavior of rod crossing occurred. We have extended this algorithm to include screened Coulombic forces between particles by implementing a Debye-Huckel potential acting between rods. In the method an unsteady incompressible Newtonian fluid is discretized with a second-order finite difference method in the interior of the Cartesian grid domain; an embedded boundary volume-of-fluid formulation is used near boundaries. The bead-rod polymer model is fully coupled to the solvent through body forces representing hydrodynamic drag and stochastic thermal fluctuations. While intra-polymer interactions are modeled by a soft potential, polymer-structure interactions are treated as perfectly elastic collisions. We demonstrate this method on flow and transport of a polymer through a post array microchannel in 2D where the polymer incorporates more realistic physical parameters of DNA, and compare to previous simulations where rods are allowed to cross. We also show that the method is capable of simulating 3D flow in a packed bed micro-column. C1 [Trebotich, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Miller, G. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, G. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bybee, M. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Trebotich, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU LLNL IUT [B550201, B553964]; DOE MICS [DE-FG02-03ER25579]; Department of Energy Computational C Science Graduate Fellowship Program [DE-FG02-97ER25308] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. The work of G. H. Miller at the University of California, Davis was supported by LLNL IUT Subcontracts number B550201 and number B553964, and by DOE MICS contract number DE-FG02-03ER25579. The work of M. D. Bybee at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy Computational C Science Graduate Fellowship Program under grant number DE-FG02-97ER25308. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3749 EP 3756 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 370QC UT WOS:000260776600060 PM 19051932 ER PT J AU Hrma, P AF Hrma, P. TI Glass viscosity as a function of temperature and composition: A model based on Adam-Gibbs equation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE composition; transport properties liquids; glass transition; glasses; oxide glasses; fragility; viscosity ID SHEAR VISCOSITY; SILICATE MELTS; FORMING MELTS; TRANSITION; RELAXATION; ENTROPY; DEPENDENCE; LIQUIDS AB This paper shows that a generalized Adam-Gibbs relationship reasonably approximates the real behavior of glasses with four temperature-independent parameters of which two are linear functions of the composition vector. The equation is subjected to two constraints, one requiring that the viscosity-temperature relationship approaches the Arrhenius function at high temperatures with a composition-independent pre-exponential factor and the other that the viscosity value is independent of composition at the glass-transition temperature. Several sets of constant coefficients were obtained by fitting the generalized Adam-Gibbs equation to data of two glass families: float glass and Hanford waste glass. Other equations (the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, original and modified, the Avramov equation, and the Douglass-Doremus equation) were fitted to a float-glass data series and compared with the Adam-Gibbs equation, showing that Adam-Gibbs glass appears an excellent approximation of real glasses even as compared with other candidate constitutive relations. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pavel.hrma@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 29 BP 3389 EP 3399 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.02.019 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 322BB UT WOS:000257349100001 ER PT J AU Baumann, TF Worsley, MA Han, TYJ Satcher, JH AF Baumann, Theodore F. Worsley, Marcus A. Han, T. Yong-Jin Satcher, Joe H., Jr. TI High surface area carbon aerogel monoliths with hierarchical porosity SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE carbon; scanning electron microscopy; porosity; sol-gel; aerogel and solution chemistry; aerogels ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE; ACTIVATION; BATTERIES AB This letter describes the synthesis and structural characterization of monolithic carbon aerogel (CA) materials that possess both high surface areas and hierarchical porosity. Thermal activation of a macroporous CA structure, one that was derived from an acetic acid-catalyzed sol-gel polymerization reaction, yields monolithic materials with large pore volumes and surface areas exceeding 3000 m(2)/g. Given the flexibility of CA synthesis, this approach offers viability to engineer new materials for use as catalyst supports, electrodes, capacitors and sorbent systems. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baumann, Theodore F.; Worsley, Marcus A.; Han, T. Yong-Jin; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM baumann2@llnl.gov RI Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 NR 19 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 29 BP 3513 EP 3515 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.03.006 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 322BB UT WOS:000257349100021 ER PT J AU Voskoboinikov, RE Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ AF Voskoboinikov, R. E. Osetsky, Yu. N. Bacon, D. J. TI Computer simulation of primary damage creation in displacement cascades in copper. I. Defect creation and cluster statistics SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FCC METALS; ALPHA-IRON; VACANCY; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; POTENTIALS; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB Atomic-scale computer simulation has been used to investigate the primary damage created by displacement cascades in copper over a wide range of temperature (100 K <= T <= 900 K) and primary knock-on atom energy (5 keV <= EPKA <= 25 keV). A technique was introduced to improve computational efficiency and at least 20 cascades for each (E-PKA,T) pair were simulated in order to provide statistical reliability of the results. The total of almost 450 simulated cascades is the largest yet reported for this metal. The mean number of surviving point defects per cascade is only 15-20% of the NRT model value. It decreases with increasing Tat fixed E-PKA and is proportional to (E-PKA)(1.1) at fixed T.A high proportion (60-80%) of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) form clusters during the cascade process. The proportion of clustered vacancies is smaller and sensitive to T, failing from 30% to 60% for T <= 600 K to less than 20% when T= 900 K. The structure of clusters has been examined in detail. Vacancies cluster predominantly in stacking-fault-tetrahedron-type configurations. SIAs tend to form either glissile dislocation loops with Burgers vector b = 1/2 < 110 > or sessile faulted Frank loops with b = 1/3 < 111 >. Despite the fact that cascades at a given E-PKA and T exhibit a wide range of defect numbers and clustered fractions, there appears to be a correlation in the formation of vacancy clusters and SIA clusters in the same cascade. The size and spatial aspects of this are analysed in detail in part II [unpublished], where the stability of clusters when another cascade overlaps them is also investigated. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Voskoboinikov, R. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Rolls Royce UTP, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Osetsky, Yu. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Voskoboinikov, R. E.; Bacon, D. J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RP Voskoboinikov, RE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Rolls Royce UTP, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM rv247@cam.ac.uk OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 377 IS 2 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.01.030 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 322AU UT WOS:000257348400011 ER PT J AU Kahana, DE Kahana, SH AF Kahana, D. E. Kahana, S. H. TI Elliptical flow in relativistic ion collisions at root S=200 GeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SUPPRESSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB A consistent picture of the Au+Au and D+Au, root s = 200A GeV measurements at RHIC obtained with the PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS detectors including both the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra was previously developed with the simulation LUCIFER. The approach was modelled on the early production of a fluid of pre-hadrons after the completion of an initial phase of high-energy interactions. The formation of pre-hadrons is discussed here, in a perturbative QCD approach as advocated by Kopeliovich, Nemchik and Schmidt. In the second phase of LUCIFER, a considerably lower energy hadron-like cascade ensues. Since the dominant collisions occurring in this latter phase are meson-meson in character while the initial collisions are between baryons, i.e. both involve hadron-sized interaction cross-sections, there is good reason to suspect that the observed elliptical flow will be produced naturally, and this is indeed found to be the case. C1 [Kahana, S. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahana, DE (reprint author), 31 Pembrook Dr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. OI Kahana, David Ewan/0000-0003-1266-9089 NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 AR 075102 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/7/075102 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 319QL UT WOS:000257178700013 ER PT J AU Du, X Callister, SJ Manes, NP Adkins, JN Alexandridis, RA Zeng, X Roh, JH Smith, WE Donohue, TJ Kaplan, S Smith, RD Lipton, MS AF Du, Xiuxia Callister, Stephen J. Manes, Nathan P. Adkins, Joshua N. Alexandridis, Roxana A. Zeng, Xiaohua Roh, Jung Hyeob Smith, William E. Donohue, Timothy J. Kaplan, Samuel Smith, Richard D. Lipton, Mary S. TI A computational strategy to analyze label-free temporal bottom-up proteomics data SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Reprint DE protein abundance dynamics; bottom-up proteomics; normalization; missing-value imputation; significance analysis ID MISSING VALUE ESTIMATION; TIME TAG APPROACH; ACCURATE MASS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; DNA MICROARRAYS; SPECTROMETRY; INFORMATION; LIGHT AB Biological systems are in a continual state of flux, which necessitates an understanding of the dynamic nature of protein abundances. The study of protein abundance dynamics has become feasible with recent improvements in mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. However, a number of challenges still remain related to how best to extract biological information from dynamic proteomics data, for example, challenges related to extraneous variability, missing abundance values, and the identification of significant temporal patterns. This paper describes a strategy that addresses these issues and demonstrates its values for analyzing temporal bottom-up proteomics data using data from a Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 time-course study. C1 [Du, Xiuxia; Callister, Stephen J.; Manes, Nathan P.; Adkins, Joshua N.; Smith, Richard D.; Lipton, Mary S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Alexandridis, Roxana A.; Donohue, Timothy J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zeng, Xiaohua; Roh, Jung Hyeob; Smith, William E.; Kaplan, Samuel] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mary.lipton@pnl.gov RI Manes, Nathan/E-2817-2012; Du, Xiuxia/F-8756-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Manes, Nathan/0000-0001-6701-3314; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Donohue, Timothy/0000-0001-8738-2467 FU NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM15590, GM075273, R01 GM015590, R01 GM075273, R01 GM075273-02] NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2595 EP 2604 DI 10.1021/pr0704837 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 323MF UT WOS:000257449500002 PM 18442284 ER PT J AU Piepel, GF Cooley, SK Paul, MR AF Piepel, Greg F. Cooley, Scott K. Paul, Matthew R. TI Upper tolerance intervals adjusted for multiple nuisance uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical uncertainty; model uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulation; noncentral t-distribution; sampling uncertainty; Satterthwaite's method ID MEASUREMENT ERROR; LIMITS AB In many product-quality situations, it is of interest to state with X% confidence that at least Y% of the product made during a given period has true (unknown) values of a property below a calculated value. Such a statistical statement can be made using an upper Y%-content tolerance interval with X% confidence, which is also referred to as an X%/Y% upper tolerance interval (X%/Y% UTI). In this article, we present the methodology and formulas for calculating X%/Y% UTIs on the true property values when there are sources of uncertainty from nuisance factors (nuisance uncertainties) in addition to the source of variation of interest. The nuisance uncertainties may include regression model uncertainty if a regression model is used to predict the product property of interest. The X%/Y% UTI methodology is developed and illustrated using an example in which there are sampling, analytical, and regression model nuisance uncertainties in addition to the source of variation for which a statistical tolerance statement is desired. The design and results of a simulation study conducted to assess the performance of the X%/Y% UTI method are described. The X%/Y% UTI method that adjusts for nuisance uncertainties is shown to generally achieve the nominal X% and Y% values and yields significantly smaller UTIs than not adjusting for the nuisance uncertainties. C1 [Piepel, Greg F.; Cooley, Scott K.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Paul, Matthew R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Piepel, GF (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM greg.piepel@pnl.gov; scott.cooley@pnl.gov; matthewp@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 245 EP 258 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 322BZ UT WOS:000257351500001 ER PT J AU Reese, CS Deininger, P Hamada, MS Krabill, R AF Reese, C. Shane Deininger, Paul Hamada, Michael S. Krabill, Robert TI Exploring the statistical advantages of nondestructive evaluation over destructive testing SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; continuous and discrete measurements; metropolis-hastings algorithm AB In this paper, we propose a framework for exploring the statistical advantages of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) over destructive testing (DT). Two cases are considered: (1) 0-1 or pass/fail data, and (2) continuous measurement data. While NDE data are less expensive to collect, they are less precise than DT data. However, taking more NDE data provides more precision. The proposed framework provides a way to calculate equivalent sample sizes of NDE data for given sample sizes of DT data. We illustrate the proposed framework with a radiographic example. C1 [Reese, C. Shane] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Deininger, Paul; Krabill, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap System Engn Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hamada, Michael S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reese, CS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM reese@hannibal.byu.edu; hamada@lanl.gov; rk1@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 322BZ UT WOS:000257351500002 ER PT J AU English, GA Firestone, RB Perry, DL Reijonen, JP Leung, KN Garabedian, GF Molnar, GL Revay, Z AF English, G. A. Firestone, R. B. Perry, D. L. Reijonen, J. P. Leung, Ka-Ngo Garabedian, G. F. Molnar, G. L. Revay, Zs. TI Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and short-lived neutron activation analysis (NAA) applied to the characterization of legacy materials SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Without quality historical records that provide the composition of legacy materials, the elemental and/or chemical characterization of such materials requires a manual analytical strategy that may expose the analyst to unknown toxicological hazards. In addition, much of the existing legacy inventory also incorporates radioactivity, and, although radiological composition may be determined by various nuclear-analytical methods, most importantly, gamma-spectroscopy, current methods of chemical characterization still require direct sample manipulation, thereby presenting special problems with broad implications for both the analyst and the environment. Alternately, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) provides a 'single-shot' in-situ, non-destructive method that provides a complete assay of all major entrained elemental constituents.(1-3) Additionally, neutron activation analysis (NAA) using short-lived activation products complements PGAA and is especially useful when NAA activation surpasses the PGAA in elemental sensitivity. C1 [English, G. A.; Firestone, R. B.; Perry, D. L.; Reijonen, J. P.; Leung, Ka-Ngo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garabedian, G. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Molnar, G. L.; Revay, Zs.] Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP English, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DLPerry@lbl.gov OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0704-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800004 ER PT J AU DiPrete, DP DiPrete, CC Sigg, RA AF DiPrete, D. P. DiPrete, C. C. Sigg, R. A. TI Neutron activation analysis applications at the Savannah River Site using an isotopic neutron source SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB NAA using Cf-252 is used to address important areas of applied interest of the Savanah River Site (SRS). Sensitivity needs for many of the applications are not severe; analyses are accomplished using a 21 mg Cf-252 NAA facility. Because NAA allows analysis of bulk samples, it offers strong advantages for samples in difficult-to-digest matrices when its sensitivity is sufficient. Following radiochemical separation with stable carrier addition, chemical yields for a number of methods are determined by neutron activation of the stable carrier. In some of the cases where no suitable stable carriers exist, the source has been used to generate radioactive tracers to yield separations. C1 [DiPrete, D. P.; DiPrete, C. C.; Sigg, R. A.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP DiPrete, DP (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.diprete@srnl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0707-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800007 ER PT J AU Sullivan, VS Bowers, DL Clark, MA Graczyk, DG Tsai, Y Streets, WE Pol, MHV Billone, MC AF Sullivan, V. S. Bowers, D. L. Clark, M. A. Graczyk, D. G. Tsai, Y. Streets, W. E. Pol, M. H. Vander Billone, M. C. TI Determination of actinide and fission-product isotopes in very-high-burnup spent nuclear fuel SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A work plan was desired that would produce data for a wide array of actinide and fission-product isotopes with reasonably good accuracy and relatively low cost. An analysis scheme involving a fairly small number of separations, dilutions, and measurement methods was used to generate information on 74 isotopes in two spent-fuel samples of > 70 GWd/MTU burnup. Some of the measured isotopes are of high interest for burnup-credit evaluations and had not been reported previously for high-burnup fuels. C1 [Sullivan, V. S.; Bowers, D. L.; Clark, M. A.; Graczyk, D. G.; Tsai, Y.; Streets, W. E.; Pol, M. H. Vander] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Billone, M. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sullivan, VS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sullivan@cmt.anl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0709-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800009 ER PT J AU Bachelor, PP McIntyre, JI Amonette, JE Hayes, JC Milbrath, BD Saripalli, P AF Bachelor, P. P. McIntyre, J. I. Amonette, J. E. Hayes, J. C. Milbrath, B. D. Saripalli, P. TI Potential method for measurement of CO2 leakage from underground sequestration fields using radioactive tracers SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the environment may avert the effects of global warming. One method to control CO2 emissions is to sequester it underground. Leakage from storage must be minimized for long-term control. Detection of leaks decreases the amount of CO2 released from storage, so onsite monitoring must be performed over large areas. Spiking the injected CO2 with an isotopic tracer can improve ground leak detection using fewer sampling stations, with greater accuracy than CO2 sensors and no interference from radon gas. The relative merits of sorbent materials, isotopic tracers, detection methods and potential interferences will be discussed. C1 [Bachelor, P. P.; McIntyre, J. I.; Amonette, J. E.; Hayes, J. C.; Milbrath, B. D.; Saripalli, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bachelor, PP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paula.bachelor@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0713-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800013 ER PT J AU Hoppe, EW Aalseth, CE Brodzinski, R Day, AR Farmer, OT Hossbach, TW McIntyre, JI Miley, HS Mintzer, EE Seifert, A Smart, JE Warren, GA AF Hoppe, E. W. Aalseth, C. E. Brodzinski, R. Day, A. R. Farmer, O. T. Hossbach, T. W. McIntyre, J. I. Miley, H. S. Mintzer, E. E. Seifert, A. Smart, J. E. Warren, G. A. TI Use of electrodeposition for sample preparation and rejection rate prediction for assay of electroformed ultra high purity copper for Th-232 and U-238 prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The search for neutrinoless double beta decay in Ge-76 has driven the need for ultra-low background Ge detectors shielded by electroformed copper of ultra-high radiopurity (< 0.1 mu Bq/kg). Although electrodeposition processes are almost sophisticated enough to produce copper of this purity, to date there are no methods sensitive enough to assay it. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) can detect thorium and uranium at femtogram levels, however, this assay is hindered by high copper concentrations in the sample. Electrodeposition of copper samples removes copper from the solution while selectively concentrating thorium and uranium contaminants to be assayed by ICP/MS. Spiking Th-232 and U-238 into the plating bath simulates low purity copper and allows for the calculation of the electrochemical rejection rate of thorium and uranium in the electroplating system. This rejection value will help to model plating bath chemistry. C1 [Hoppe, E. W.; Aalseth, C. E.; Brodzinski, R.; Day, A. R.; Farmer, O. T.; Hossbach, T. W.; McIntyre, J. I.; Miley, H. S.; Mintzer, E. E.; Seifert, A.; Smart, J. E.; Warren, G. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hoppe, EW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.hoppe@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014; OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310; Day, Anthony/0000-0002-1217-1822 NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0716-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800016 ER PT J AU Bores, NE Schultz, MK Rankin, JM Denton, AJ Payne, GF AF Bores, N. E. Schultz, M. K. Rankin, J. M. Denton, A. J. Payne, G. F. TI Urine radiobioassay intercomparison results from the intercomparison studies program at oak ridge national laboratory SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB The Intercomparison Studies Program (ISP) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA) provides natural-matrix human urine quality-assurance/quality-control (QA/QC) samples to radiobioassay analysis laboratories. Samples are provided to these laboratories as "single-blind" or "double-blind" unknowns, spiked with radioactive-solution standards at "low" levels (e.g., 0-250 mBq center dot kg(-1) for alpha-emitters). Participants use the results as a tool for self-evaluation and a measure of performance. In this paper, sample preparation and the results of testing during the years 2000-2004 for the radionuclides natural uranium (U-nat), Pu-238, Pu-239, and Am-241 are presented and discussed. C1 [Bores, N. E.; Rankin, J. M.; Denton, A. J.; Payne, G. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Qual Syst & Serv Div, Intercomparison Studies Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schultz, M. K.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Bores, NE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Qual Syst & Serv Div, Intercomparison Studies Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM boresne@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0717-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800017 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Bogard, JS AF Espinosa, G. Bogard, J. S. TI Optically stimulated luminescence response of commercial SiO2 optical fiber SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The use of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) for radiation dosimetry has become increasingly popular in recent years. The OSL method is based on luminescence emitted from semiconductor materials stimulated with specific wavelengths of light, after being exposed to ionizing radiation. The OSL intensity is a function of the radiation dose absorbed by the material. This work complements previous studies by the authors of the thermoluminescence (TL) response by SiO2 commercial optical fiber exposed to ionizing radiation and provides preliminary results describing some of the material's OSL properties. Linear OSL response to beta-radiation dose, along with a consistent shape of the photon emission curve with time, were observed using a green/blue OSL excitation laser. The reproducibility of OSL response after repeated irradiations and the change in intensity with time were also examined. The search for and characterization of materials that exhibit this OSL response, in parallel with the continued development of OSL methodology and instrumentation, is an important scientific and commercial issue. C1 [Espinosa, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Bogard, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM espinosa@fisica.unam.mx NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0719-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800019 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Golzarri, JI Bogard, JS AF Espinosa, G. Golzarri, J. I. Bogard, J. S. TI Radon and progeny alpha-particle energy analysis using nuclear track methodology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; CR-39; DETECTORS AB A preliminary procedure for alpha-energy analysis of radon and its progeny using nuclear track methodology (NTM) is described in this paper. The method is based on the relationship between alpha-particle energies deposited in polycarbonate material (CR-39) and the track size developed after a well-established chemical etching process. Track geometry, defined by parameters such as major or minor diameters, track area and overall track length, is shown to correlate with alpha-particle energy over the range 6.00 MeV (Po-218) to 7.69 MeV (Po-214). Track features are measured and the data analyzed automatically using a digital imaging system and commercial PC software. Examination of particle track diameters in CR-39 exposed to environmental radon reveals a multi-modal distribution. Locations of the maxima in this distribution are highly correlated with alpha-particle energies of radon daughters, and the distributions are sufficiently resolved to identify the radioisotopes. This method can be useful for estimating the radiation dose from indoor exposure to radon and its progeny. C1 [Espinosa, G.; Golzarri, J. I.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Bogard, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM espinosa@fisica.unam.mx NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0720-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800020 ER PT J AU Knox, AS Kaplan, DI Hinton, TG AF Knox, A. S. Kaplan, D. I. Hinton, T. G. TI Elevated uptake of Th and U by netted chain fern (Woodwardia areolata) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; URANIUM; PLANTS; THORIUM; PHYTOREMEDIATION; COPPER AB We assessed the ability of netted chain fern (Woodwardia areolata) to uptake U and Th from wetland soils on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Netted chain fern had the highest Th and U concentrations of all plants collected from the wetland. Ferns grown in contaminated soil (329 mg.kg(-1) Th, 44 mg.kg(-1) U) in a greenhouse contained 6.4 mg.kg(-1) Th and 5.3 mg.kg(-1) U compared with 0.13 mg center dot kg(-1) Th and 0.035 mg.kg(-1)U in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). Netted chain fern has potential for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with Th and U. C1 [Knox, A. S.; Kaplan, D. I.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Hinton, T. G.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Knox, AS (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM anna.knox@srnl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0726-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800026 ER PT J AU Biegalski, S Doron, O Wielopolski, L AF Biegalski, S. Doron, O. Wielopolski, L. TI Time and depth dependent fluxes due to 14 MeV neutrons impinging soil\ SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A spectroscopy system measuring inelastic neutron scattering and thermal neutron capture induced gamma-rays is being developed for in-situ soil analysis. Because a pulsed fast D-T neutron source is utilized, fast neutron induced inelastic neutron scattering reactions are separated in time from thermal neutron capture events. Models utilizing the MCNPX code have been developed to study the time and energy variations of the neutrons in the soil matrix. C1 [Biegalski, S.; Doron, O.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Wielopolski, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Biegalski, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, 1 Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM biegalski@mail.utexas.edu RI Biegalski, Steven/A-7765-2010 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0729-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800029 ER PT J AU Brodzinski, RL Runkle, RC Hartman, JS Ashbaker, ED Douglas, M Jordan, DV McCormick, KR Sliger, WA Todd, LC AF Brodzinski, R. L. Runkle, R. C. Hartman, J. S. Ashbaker, E. D. Douglas, M. Jordan, D. V. McCormick, K. R. Sliger, W. A. Todd, L. C. TI Design and construction of a Cerenkov counter for in situ monitoring of Sr-90 in groundwater SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Migration of groundwater contamination from beneath the Hanford Site into the Columbia River creates a need for in situ Sr-90 monitoring. The prototype monitor discussed here was designed for deployment downwell and provides near-real-time determination of the Sr-90 concentration in a two-liter groundwater sample. This manuscript discusses the design, construction and preliminary results for a prototype monitor. Calibration and testing results of the as-built system show qualitative agreement between simulated predictions and experimental results. Downwell and laboratory tests demonstrate a sensitivity to Sr-90 at concentrations below 8 pCi/l (0.3 Bq/1) at a 90% confidence level in measurement times of less than four hours. C1 [Brodzinski, R. L.; Runkle, R. C.; Hartman, J. S.; Ashbaker, E. D.; Douglas, M.; Jordan, D. V.; McCormick, K. R.; Sliger, W. A.; Todd, L. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brodzinski, RL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Robert.Runkle@pnl.gov OI Douglas, Matthew/0000-0001-9708-1780 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0736-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800036 ER PT J AU Payne, RF Clark, SB Elliston, JT AF Payne, R. F. Clark, S. B. Elliston, J. T. TI Radioanalytical approach to determine Pu-238, Pu239+240, Pu-241 and Am-241 in soils SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-FLATS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; PLUTONIUM; CONTAMINATION; COLORADO; AREA AB The simultaneous determination of multiple actinide isotopes in samples where total quantity is limited can sometimes present a unique challenge for radioanalytical chemists. In this study, re-determination of Pu-238, Pu239+240, and Am-241 for soils collected and analyzed approximately three decades ago was the goal, along with direct determination of Pu-241. The soils had been collected in the early 1970's from a shallow land burial site for radioactive wastes called the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Lab (INL), analyzed for Pu-238, Pu239+240, and Am-241, and any remaining soils after analysis had been archived and stored. We designed an approach to reanalyze the Pu-238, Pu239+240, and Am-241 and determine for the first time Pu-241 using a combination of traditional and new radioanalytical methodologies. The methods used are described, along with estimates of the limits of detection for gamma- and alpha-spectrometry, and liquid scintillation counting. Comparison of our results to the earlier work documents the ingrowth of Am-241 from Pu-241, and demonstrates that the total amount of Am-241 activity in these soil samples is greater than would be expected due to ingrowth from Pu-241 decay. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Nucl Radiat Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Payne, RF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rosara.payne@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 277 IS 1 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0742-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321PK UT WOS:000257318800042 ER PT J AU Tkacz, M Palasyuk, T Graetz, J Saxena, S AF Tkacz, Marek Palasyuk, Taras Graetz, Jason Saxena, Surendra TI High-pressure Raman spectroscopy study of alpha and gamma polymorphs of AlH3 SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE aluminum hydride (alane); high pressure; Raman effect; phase transition ID ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE POWDER; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHOTOLYTIC DECOMPOSITION; HYDROGEN; ALKALI AB For the first time, Raman spectroscopy of ct and y polymorphs of AlH3 has been performed in the pressure range from ambient up to 16.9 and 32.7 GPa, respectively using the diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique. An analysis of pressure response wavenumbers M for a-AIH3 showed a change of dv(i)/dP at a pressure of about 8 GPa and may indicate a monoclinic distortion from the initially hexagonal alpha-AlH3. The distortion is stable at least up to 16.9 GPa. The y form exhibited more complex behavior transforming to the a form at a pressure of about 12 GPa. The structural phase transition was shown to be an irreversible and kinetically slow process that required at least 5 h to complete. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tkacz, Marek; Palasyuk, Taras] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Graetz, Jason] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Saxena, Surendra] Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Palasyuk, T (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM t_palasyuk@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1002/jrs.1936 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 332IH UT WOS:000258076200020 ER PT J AU Zolezzi, F Morasca, P Mayeda, K Phillips, WS Eva, C AF Zolezzi, F. Morasca, P. Mayeda, K. Phillips, W. S. Eva, C. TI Attenuation tomography of the Southern Apennines (Italy) SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coda waves; attenuation Apennines; Q tomography; Southern Apennines ID WAVE ATTENUATION; UNITED-STATES; CODA; CRUSTAL; MODEL; EARTHQUAKES; MAGNITUDES; EXPRESSION; SEPARATION; SCATTERING AB The aim of this study is to improve our knowledge of the attenuation structure in the Southern Apennines using a new amplitude ratio tomography method (Phillips et al., Geophys Res Lett 32(21):L21301, 2005) applied on both direct and coda envelope measurements derived from 150 events recorded by 47 stations of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale Centralizzata). The two-dimensional (2-D) analysis allows us to take into account lateral crustal variations and heterogeneities of this region. Using the same event and station distribution, we also applied a simple 1-D methodology, and the performance of the 1-D and 2-D path assumptions is tested by comparing the average interstation variance for the path-corrected amplitudes using coda and direct waves. In general, coda measurement results are more stable than using direct waves when the same methodology is applied. Using the 2-D approach, we observe more stable results for both waves. However, the improvement is quite small, probably because the crustal heterogeneity is weak. This means that, for this region, the 1-D path assumption is a good approximation of the attenuation characteristics of the region. A comparison between Q tomography images obtained using direct and coda amplitudes shows similar results, consistent with the geology of the region. In fact, we observe low Q along the Apennine chain toward the Tyrrhenian Sea and higher values to the east, in correspondence with the Gargano zone that is related to the Apulia Carbonate Platform. Finally, we compared our results with the coda Q values proposed by Bianco et al. (Geophys J Int 150:10-22, 2002) for the same region. The good agreement validates our results as the authors used a completely independent methodology. C1 [Zolezzi, F.; Morasca, P.; Eva, C.] Univ Genoa, Dip Te Ris, Genoa, Italy. [Mayeda, K.] Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA USA. [Phillips, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Morasca, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dip Te Ris, Genoa, Italy. EM alpocc@dipteris.unige.it NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s10950-007-9079-6 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 316QV UT WOS:000256965700003 ER PT J AU Zhou, HJ Yiu, Y Aronson, MC Wong, SS AF Zhou, Hongjun Yiu, Yuen Aronson, M. C. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Ambient template synthesis of multiferroic MnWO4 nanowires and nanowire arrays SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE magnetic properties; nanowires; multiferroic materials ID CATANIONIC REVERSE MICELLES; PENNIFORM BAWO4 NANOSTRUCTURES; DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; THIN-FILM; SUPERSTRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGY; NANORODS AB The current report describes the systematic synthesis of polycrystalline. multiferroic MnWO4 nanowires and nanowire arrays with controllable chemical composition and morphology, using a modified template-directed methodology under ambient room-temperature conditions. We were able to synthesize nanowires measuring 55 +/- 10, 100 +/- 20, and 260 +/- 40nm in diameter, respectively, with lengths ranging in the microns. Extensive characterization of as-prepared samples has been performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Magnetic behavior in these systems was also probed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Hongjun; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yiu, Yuen; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Aronson, M. C.; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunnysb.edu RI Yiu, Yuen/A-4353-2010; Zhou, Hongjun/A-1304-2011 OI Yiu, Yuen/0000-0002-1466-6191; FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DWR-0348239]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886) for facility and personnel support. We also thank the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award DWR-0348239), and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for PI support and experimental supplies. Moreover, we are grateful to D. Wang (Boston College) as well as to S. van Horn and J. Quinn (SUNY Stony Brook) for their assistance with electron microscopy. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 181 IS 7 BP 1539 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.03.009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 339FG UT WOS:000258562900005 ER PT J AU Sarahan, MC Carroll, EC Allen, M Larsen, DS Browning, ND Osterloh, FE AF Sarahan, Michael C. Carroll, Elizabeth C. Allen, Mark Larsen, Delmar S. Browning, Nigel D. Osterloh, Frank E. TI K4Nb6O17-derived photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from water: Nanoscrolls versus nanosheets SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nanosheets; nanoscrolls; exfoliation; photocatalysis; water splitting; hydrogen ID SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES; INTERCALATED K4NB6O17; NIOBATE NANOSHEETS; DECOMPOSITION; CATALYST; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; RB AB The layered hexaniobate K4Nb6O17 is known as a photocatalyst for methanol dehydrogenation and hydrogen evolution from water under ultraviolet (UV) light. Here we show that the activity is retained in propylammonium-(PA) or tetrabutylammonium (TBA) stabilized H2K2Nb6O17 nanosheets and TBA-stabilized H4Nb6O17 nanoscrolls that can be obtained by exfoliation of K4Nb6O17 followed by cation exchange. The catalytic activity of the exfoliated systems is comparable to K4Nb6O17, with scrolls being most active in water, and PA sheets giving enhanced H-2 rates due to sacrificial electron donor action of PA. Femtosecond absorption spectra for TBA scrolls and PA sheets exhibit broad features between 450 and 700nm due to trapped holes and electrons. Electron-hole recombination follows approximately second-order kinetics, with rates of decay similar for sheets and scrolls. In addition, catalysts were characterized with UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarahan, Michael C.; Carroll, Elizabeth C.; Allen, Mark; Larsen, Delmar S.; Osterloh, Frank E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sarahan, Michael C.; Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Osterloh, FE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fosterloh@ucdavis.edu OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Osterloh, Frank /0000-0002-9288-3407 FU California Energy Commission; DoE [DE-FG02-03ER46057] FX This work was supported by an Energy innovation Startup Grant of the California Energy Commission (Osterloh), and by DoE grant DE-FG02-03ER46057 (Browning). NR 23 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 10 U2 70 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 181 IS 7 BP 1678 EP 1683 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.06.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 339FG UT WOS:000258562900023 ER PT J AU Billinge, SJL AF Billinge, Simon J. L. TI Nanoscale structural order from the atomic pair distribution function (PDF): There's plenty of room in the middle SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE structure of nanoscale materials; pair distribution function analysis; nanostructure ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; CRYSTALLINE; DISORDER; DETECTOR; WATER AB Emerging materials of scientific and technological interest are generally complex and often nanostructured: they have atomic orderings that extend on nanometer length-scales. These can be discrete nanoparticles; bulk crystals with nanoscale chemical or displacive order within them; mesoporous materials that are bull( materials containing nanoscale holes; and nanocomposites that are intimate heterogeneous mixtures of nano-sized constituents. As always, a quantitative knowledge of the atomic structure within these materials is a prerequisite to understanding and engineering their properties. Traditional crystallographic methods for obtaining this information break down at the nanoscale, sometimes referred to as "the nanostructure problem". We describe here some emerging methods for studying nanoscale Structure. We present some examples of recent successes. Finally, we discuss future directions and opportunities and draw attention to limitations and potential problems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Billinge, SJL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 500 W 120th St,Room 200 Mudd,MC 4701, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sb2896@columbia.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science [W-7405-Eng-82]; Los Alamos Neutron Science Center [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX I would like to thank the cadre of excellent Students, post-docs and collaborators who make these developments possible, both in my group and in others. I would also like to thank funding agencies without whose support none of these developments would have happened. Grants are acknowledged in the various publications cited. This manuscript was written with the help of funding from Brookhaven National Laboratory supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Finally, I would like to thank the excellent national user facilities, especially the dedicated instrument scientists, and the funding agencies whose vision makes them possible. Herein we described work that made use of the APS which is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. W-31-109-Eng-38, the MUCAT sector at the APS is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, under Contract no. W-7405-Eng-82, and Los Alamos Neutron Science Center which is operated under Grant DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 62 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 181 IS 7 BP 1695 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.06.046 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 339FG UT WOS:000258562900025 ER PT J AU Heideman, C Nyugen, N Hanni, J Lin, Q Duncombe, S Johnson, DC Zschack, P AF Heideman, Colby Nyugen, Ngoc Hanni, Jonathan Lin, Qiyin Duncombe, Scott Johnson, David C. Zschack, Paul TI The synthesis and characterization of new [(BiSe)(1.10)](m)[NbSe2](n), [(PbSe)(1.10)](m)[NbSe2](n), [(CeSe)(1.14)](m)[NbSe2](n) and [(PbSe)(1.12)](m)[TaSe2](n) misfit layered compounds SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE misfit layered compounds; incommensurate structure; layered compounds; nanostructure ID (BISE)1.09TASE2; DICHALCOGENIDES AB Fifty-three new misfit layered compounds within the [(BiSe)(1.10)](m)[NbSe2](n), [(PbSe)(1.10)](m)[NbSe2](n), [(CeSe)(1.14)](m)[NbSe2](n) and [(PbSe)(1.12)](m)[TaSe2](n) families of compounds were successfully synthesized. This is the first report of compounds with n and m larger than 3, as self-assembly from designed precursors allows Compounds with particular n and m values to be selectively prepared. The compounds form as crystallographically aligned films, with the c-axis perpendicular to the Substrate, The Compounds are well ordered along the c-axis and in the ab plane, with shorter coherence lengths between the constituent layers. All 18 compounds that were measured were found to be metallic. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Heideman, Colby; Nyugen, Ngoc; Hanni, Jonathan; Lin, Qiyin; Duncombe, Scott; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, 373 Klamath Hall, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 181 IS 7 BP 1701 EP 1706 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.06.017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 339FG UT WOS:000258562900026 ER PT J AU Rai, D Moore, DA Rosso, KM Felmy, AR Bolton, H AF Rai, Dhanpat Moore, Dean A. Rosso, Kevin M. Felmy, Andrew R. Bolton, Harvey, Jr. TI Environmental mobility of Pu(IV) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: Myth or reality? SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; solubility; Pu; EDTA; Pu EDTA complexes; Pitzer model; SIT model; PuO2(am); Ferrihydrite solubility; Fe(III) EDTA complexes; Fe(OH)(3)(am) ID CHROMIUM(III) HYDROXIDE SOLUBILITY; VALENT PLUTONIUM IONS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; NATURAL-WATERS; QUADRI-VALENT; HYDROUS OXIDE; TER-VALENT; SYSTEM; EDTA; STABILITY AB Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), which was co-disposed with Pu at several US Department of Energy sites, has been reported to enhance the solubility and transport of Pu. It is generally assumed that this enhanced transport of Pu in geologic environments is a result of complexation of Pu(IV) with EDTA. However, the fundamental basis for this assumption has never been fully explored. Whether EDTA can mobilize Pu(IV) in geologic environments is dependent on many factors, chief among them are not only the complexation constants of Pu with EDTA and dominant oxidation state and the nature of Pu solids, but also (1) the complexation constants of environmentally important metal ions (e.g., Fe, Al, Ca, Mg) that compete with Pu for EDTA and (2) EDTA interactions with the geomedia (e.g., adsorption, biodegradation) that reduce effective EDTA concentrations available for complexation. Extensive studies over a large range of pH values (1 to 14) and EDTA concentrations (0.0001 to 0.01 mol.L(-1)supercript stop) as a function of time were conducted on the solubility of 2-line ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)(3)(s)), PuO2(am) in the presence of different concentrations of Ca ions, and mixtures of PuO2(am) and Fe(OH)(3)(s). The solubility data were interpreted using Pitzer's ion-interaction approach to determine/validate the solubility product of Fe(OH)(3)(s), the complexation constants of Pu(IV)-EDTA and Fe(III)-EDTA, and to determine the effect of EDTA in solubilizing Pu(IV) from PuO2(am) in the presence of Fe(III) compounds and aqueous Ca concentrations. Predictions based on these extensive fundamental data show that environmental mobility of Pu as a result of Pu(IV)-EDTA complexation as reported/implied in the literature is a myth rather than the reality. The data also show that in geologic environments where Pu(III) and Pu(V) are stable, the EDTA complexes of these oxidation states may play an important role in Pu mobility. C1 [Rai, Dhanpat] Rai Envirochem LLC, Yachats, OR 97498 USA. [Moore, Dean A.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Felmy, Andrew R.; Bolton, Harvey, Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Rai Envirochem LLC, POB 784, Yachats, OR 97498 USA. EM dhan.rai@raienvirochem.com RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7 BP 957 EP 986 DI 10.1007/s10953-008-9282-2 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 307MA UT WOS:000256321800005 ER PT J AU Bezares, J Asaro, RJ Hawley, M AF Bezares, Jiddu Asaro, Robert J. Hawley, Marilyn TI Macromolecular structure of the organic framework of nacre in Haliotis rufescens: Implications for growth and mechanical behavior SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mollusk nacre; biomineralization; mollusk organic framework ID CALCOFLUOR WHITE; ACIDIC PROTEINS; CALCIUM-BINDING; MOLLUSK SHELLS; CHITIN; MATRIX; LAYER; BIOMINERALIZATION; NUCLEATION; CHITOSAN AB We have performed a macromolecular structural analysis of the interlamellar and intertabular parts of the organic framework of the nacreous part of the shell of Haliotis rufescens, including the identification of structural chitin. Using histochemical optical microscopy we have mapped the locations of carboxylates and sulfates of proteins and chitin on the surfaces and within the core of the interlamellar layers and the intertabular matrix that together form the external organic matrix of composite nacre. This extends the earlier work of Nudelmann et al. [Nudelman, F., Gotliv, B.A., Addadi, L. and Weiner, S. 2006. Mollusk shell formation: mapping the distribution of organic matrix components underlying a single aragonite tablet in nacre. J. Struct. Biol. 153, 176-187] and Crenshaw and Ristedt [Crenshaw, M.A., Ristedt, H. 1976. The histochemical localization of reactive groups in septal nacre from Nautilus pompilius. In: Omori, M., Watabe, N. (Eds.) The Mechanisms of Biomineralization in Animals and Plants. Tokai University Press, Toyko] on Nautilus pompilius. Our mapping identifies distinct regions, defined by the macromolecular groups, including what is proposed to be the sites of CaCO3 nucleation and that play a key role in nacre growth. Using AFM scanning probe microscopy we have identified a fibrous core within the framework that we associate with chitin. The structural picture that is evolved is then used to develop a simple structural model for the organic framework which is shown to be consistent with mechanical property measurements. The role of the intracrystalline matrix within the nacre tablets in mediating nacre's mechanical response is noted within the framework of our model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bezares, Jiddu; Asaro, Robert J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hawley, Marilyn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asaro, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, Mail Code 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rasaro@ucsd.edu NR 72 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.04.009 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 326WU UT WOS:000257690600008 PM 18538582 ER PT J AU Levenson, E Lerch, P Martin, MC AF Levenson, Erika Lerch, Philippe Martin, Michael C. TI Spatial resolution limits for synchrotron-based spectromicroscopy in the mid- and near-infrared SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE infrared; resolution; microscopy; Fourier transform infrared; spectromicroscopy; imaging; diffraction; emittance; microspectroscopy; beamline ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; RADIATION; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; CELL; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; BEAMLINES; SYSTEM AB Spatial resolution tests were performed on beamline 1.4.4 at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, USA, a third-generation synchrotron light source. This beamline couples the high-brightness synchrotron source to a Thermo-Electron Continu mu m XL infrared microscope. Two types of resolution tests were performed in both the mid-IR and near-IR. The results are compared with a diffraction-limited spot size theory. At shorter near-IR wavelengths the experimental results begin to deviate from diffraction-limited so a combined diffraction-limit and electron-beam-source-size model is employed. This description shows how the physical electron beam size of the synchrotron source begins to dominate the focused spot size at higher energies. The transition from diffraction-limited to electron-beam-size-limited performance is a function of storage-ring parameters and the optical demagnification within the beamline and microscope optics. The discussion includes how different facilities, beamlines and microscopes will affect the achievable spatial resolution. As synchrotron light sources and other next-generation accelerators such as energy-recovery LINACs and free-electron lasers achieve smaller beam emittances, beta-functions and/or energy spreads, diffraction-limited performance can continue to higher-energy beams, perhaps ultimately into the extreme ultraviolet. C1 [Levenson, Erika; Martin, Michael C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Scource Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lerch, Philippe] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Scource Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcmartin@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1107/S0909049508004524 PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 313DI UT WOS:000256720900001 PM 18552422 ER PT J AU Shaftan, T Hulbert, SL Berman, L AF Shaftan, T. Hulbert, S. L. Berman, L. TI Comparison of calculated brightness and flux of radiation from a long-period wiggler and a short-period undulator SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE flux; brightness; spectrum; undulator; wiggler AB In this article the calculation of brightness and flux for two insertion devices of the 2.8 GeV X-ray storage ring at the NSLS is discussed. The radiation properties from the X25 linearly polarized wiggler and the new X25 short-period undulator are compared at a fixed photon energy (11.3 keV) corresponding to emission from the fifth harmonic of the short-period undulator. For this computation, three commonly available synchrotron radiation programs are used. The capabilities of each of these codes are briefly discussed, and their range of applicability are commented on. It is concluded that special care is needed when modeling the radiation of the classes of insertion devices considered here. C1 [Shaftan, T.; Hulbert, S. L.; Berman, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shaftan, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM shaftan@bnl.gov RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1107/S0909049508008418 PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 313DI UT WOS:000256720900003 PM 18552424 ER PT J AU Hornberger, B de Jonge, MD Feser, M Holl, P Holzner, C Jacobsen, C Legnini, D Paterson, D Rehak, P Strueder, L Vogt, S AF Hornberger, B. de Jonge, M. D. Feser, M. Holl, P. Holzner, C. Jacobsen, C. Legnini, D. Paterson, D. Rehak, P. Strueder, L. Vogt, S. TI Differential phase contrast with a segmented detector in a scanning X-ray microprobe SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE phase contrast; differential phase contrast; segmented detector; configured detector; fluorescence microprobe; X-ray microprobe; scanning microprobe ID BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; TRANSMISSION; MICROSCOPE; STEM; AMPLITUDE AB Scanning X-ray microprobes are unique tools for the nanoscale investigation of specimens from the life, environmental, materials and other fields of sciences. Typically they utilize absorption and fluorescence as contrast mechanisms. Phase contrast is a complementary technique that can provide strong contrast with reduced radiation dose for weakly absorbing structures in the multi-keV range. In this paper the development of a segmented charge-integrating silicon detector which provides simultaneous absorption and differential phase contrast is reported. The detector can be used together with a fluorescence detector for the simultaneous acquisition of transmission and fluorescence data. It can be used over a wide range of photon energies, photon rates and exposure times at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, and is currently operating at two beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source. Images obtained at around 2 keV and 10 keV demonstrate the superiority of phase contrast over absorption for specimens composed of light elements. C1 [Hornberger, B.; Feser, M.; Holzner, C.; Jacobsen, C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [de Jonge, M. D.; Legnini, D.; Paterson, D.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Holl, P.] PNSensor GmbH, D-80803 Munich, Germany. [Holl, P.; Strueder, L.] Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlabor, D-81739 Munich, Germany. [Rehak, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Strueder, L.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Hornberger, B (reprint author), Xradia Inc, 5052 Commercial Circle, Concord, CA 94520 USA. EM hornberg@xray1.physics.sunysb.edu RI de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB006134] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1107/S0909049508008509 PN 4 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 313DI UT WOS:000256720900006 PM 18552427 ER PT J AU Miles, AJ Janes, RW Brown, A Clarke, DT Sutherland, JC Tao, Y Wallace, BA Hoffmann, SV AF Miles, A. J. Janes, Robert W. Brown, A. Clarke, D. T. Sutherland, J. C. Tao, Y. Wallace, B. A. Hoffmann, S. V. TI Light flux density threshold at which protein denaturation is induced by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism beamlines SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE protein denaturation; radiation damage; synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy; photon flux; vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths ID SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET AB New high-flux synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) beamlines are providing important information for structural biology, but can potentially cause denaturation of the protein samples under investigation. This effect has been studied at the new CD1 dedicated SRCD beamline at ISA in Denmark, where radiation-induced thermal damage effects were observed, depending not only on the radiation flux but also on the focal spot size of the light. Comparisons with similar studies at other SRCD facilities worldwide has lead to the estimation of a flux density threshold under which SRCD beamlines should be operated when samples are to be exposed to low-wavelength vacuum ultraviolet radiation for extended periods of time. C1 [Hoffmann, S. V.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Storage Ring Facil, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Miles, A. J.; Wallace, B. A.] Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Dept Crystallog, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Janes, Robert W.] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Brown, A.; Clarke, D. T.] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Sutherland, J. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sutherland, J. C.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Tao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hoffmann, SV (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Storage Ring Facil, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM vronning@phys.au.dk RI Wallace, B. A./C-3753-2008; Janes, Robert/A-6164-2011; Miles, Andrew/A-5414-2010 OI Wallace, B. A./0000-0001-9649-5092; FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council NR 7 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1107/S0909049508009606 PN 4 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 313DI UT WOS:000256720900016 PM 18552437 ER PT J AU Fisher, KA AF Fisher, Karl A. TI Monitoring thickness deviations in planar multi-layer elastic structures using impedance signatures (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSDUCERS AB In this letter, a low frequency ultrasonic resonance technique that operates in the 20-80-kHz regime is presented that demonstrates detection of thickness changes on the order of +/- 10 mu m. This measurement capability is a result of the direct correlation between the electrical impedance of an electro-acoustic transducer and the mechanical loading it experiences when placed in contact with a layered elastic structure. The relative frequency shifts of the resonances peaks can be estimated through a simple one-dimensional transmission model. Separate experimental measurements confirm this technique to be sensitive to subtle changes in the underlying layered elastic structure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Fisher, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-333,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM fisher34@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1121/1.2770542 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 327ZW UT WOS:000257768000002 PM 18646950 ER PT J AU Droppo, JG Napier, BA AF Droppo, James G. Napier, Bruce A. TI Wind direction bias in generating wind roses and conducting sector-based air dispersion modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Certain widely used wind rose programs and air dispersion models use an overly simple data-transfer algorithm that induces a directional bias in their output products. The purpose of this paper is to provide a revised algorithm that corrects the directional bias that occurs from the aliasing that occurs when the sector widths used to report wind direction data are on the same order of magnitude, but not equal, to the sector widths used in the wind direction summaries. The directional bias issue arises when output products in 16 direction sectors (22.5 degrees each) are produced from wind direction data reported in terms of 36 sectors (100 each). The result directional bias affects the results of simulations of air and surface concentrations using widely applied air dispersion models. Datasets or models with the directional bias discussed here give consistent positive biases (similar to 30%) for cardinal direction sectors (north, south, east, and west) and consistent negative biases for all of the other sectors (around -10%). Data summary and air dispersion programs providing outputs in direction sectors that do not match the observational sectors need to be checked for this bias. A revised data-transfer algorithm is provided that corrects the directional bias that can occur in transferring wind direction data between different sector widths. C1 [Droppo, James G.; Napier, Bruce A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Droppo, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.droppo@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 7 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.7.913 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328PB UT WOS:000257809200006 PM 18672715 ER PT J AU Daniel, C Armstrong, BL Howe, JY Dahotre, NB AF Daniel, Claus Armstrong, Beth L. Howe, Jane Y. Dahotre, Narendra B. TI Controlled evolution of morphology and microstructure in laser interference-structured zirconia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THIN-FILMS; METALLURGY; IRRADIATION; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR AB Tape-cast pseudo-cubic zirconia pellets were surface irradiated by two coherent interfering high-power short-pulse Nd:YAG laser beams. The interfering beams of the third harmonic with a wavelength of 355 nm of a 2.5-ns Q-switched laser produced a line-like intensity distribution with a periodic distance of 3.3 mu m due to the selected angle between the beams. The resulting nonuniform surface heating produced a microstructure consisting of ultrafine-grained zirconia with a grain size of about 10 nm within the top 100-200 nm depth of the treated surface region due to the high cooling rates during short-pulse laser processing (up to 10(10) K/s). The surface morphology closely followed the microperiodic heat treatment provided by the interfering laser beams. The pore size distribution within the periodic surface morphology ranged from a few nanometers to a maximum of half of the periodic line distances. C1 [Daniel, Claus; Armstrong, Beth L.; Howe, Jane Y.; Dahotre, Narendra B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daniel, Claus; Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Daniel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM danielc@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008; Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054; Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2138 EP 2142 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02449.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100010 ER PT J AU Tandon, R AF Tandon, Rajan TI Effect of incorporation of cylindrical inhomogeneities on the strength distributions of brittle materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS; CIRCULAR INCLUSION; CRACK; FIELD; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; INTERFACES; SURFACE; REGION; PLATE AB Cylindrical inhomogeneities are often deliberately incorporated into engineering ceramics (e.g., fibers, vias, electrical feedthroughs). The thermal expansion mismatch between the matrix and inhomogeneity creates a state of localized stress. We show that for radial cracks around such inhomogeneities, there may be conditions of crack stability even in the presence of an external, destabilizing field. This stability, and the nature of the stress intensity factor due to local stresses, modifies the strength distribution of the matrix. A fracture-mechanics approach allows the prediction of the new strength distributions. As an illustration of this approach, calculations for commonly used ceramic-metal inhomogeneity material pairs are discussed. Depending on the inhomogeneity/flaw size ratio, the new strength distributions can have lower or higher strength variability than the matrix. If the inhomogeneity radius (R) is chosen such that a majority of the cracks in the matrix are > 0.25R, the material will have the highest possible strength and reduced variability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Mat Reliabil Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tandon, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Mat Reliabil Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtandon@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2243 EP 2249 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02357.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100028 ER PT J AU Becher, PF Painter, GS Shibata, N Waters, SB Lin, HT AF Becher, Paul F. Painter, Gayle S. Shibata, Naoya Waters, Shirley B. Lin, Hua-Tay TI Effects of rare-earth (RE) intergranular adsorption on the phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties in silicon nitride with RE(2)O(3) + MgO additives: RE=La, Gd, and Lu SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-BETA-TRANSFORMATION; BETA-SI3N4 CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GRAIN-GROWTH; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; SI3N4 CERAMICS; LIQUID-PHASE; ADDITIVES; AL; DENSIFICATION AB Silicon nitride powders most often consist primarily of the alpha phase, which transforms into the beta phase during the densification and microstructural evolution of Si(3)N(4) ceramics. The temperature at which the transformation initiates in the presence of a combination of MgO and RE(2)O(3) densification additives is found to decrease with increasing atomic number of the rare earth (RE). This trend coincides with the predicted and observed decrease in the affinity of the RE to segregate to and absorb on the prism planes of hexagonal prism-shaped beta grains with an increase in the atomic number of the RE. When RE adsorption is diminished, Si (and N) attachment on the smooth prism planes is enhanced, which increases diametrical growth rates, normally reaction-rate limited by an attachment mechanism. Combined with the typically fast [0001] growth, it is this augmented grain growth that contributes toward the initiation of the alpha-beta transformation at lower temperatures. With the enhanced transformation, observations reveal an increase in the number of beta grains growing in the early stages of densification. On the other hand, increased RE adsorption leads to greater growth anisotropy, resulting in the formation of higher aspect ratio grains. Thus, Lu(2)O(3) generates larger diameter, yet elongated, reinforcing grains, while La(2)O(3) results in reinforcing grains of a higher aspect ratio. The Gd(2)O(3) additive transformation and microstructural characteristics lie intermediate to those of the lanthanide end-member elements. Despite these differences, a substantial fraction of large reinforcing grains were found for each additive composition. As a result, the mechanical properties of the resultant ceramics are similar with flexure strengths in excess of 1 GPa, fracture toughness values > 10 MPa.m(1/2) at room temperature, and excellent strength retention (> 800 MPa) at 1200 degrees C. C1 [Becher, Paul F.; Painter, Gayle S.; Waters, Shirley B.; Lin, Hua-Tay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shibata, Naoya] Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM becherpf@ornl.gov RI Shibata, Naoya/E-5327-2013 NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2328 EP 2336 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02448.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100039 ER PT J AU Morcos, RM Navrotsky, A Varga, T Ahn, D Saha, A Poli, F Mueller, K Raj, R AF Morcos, Riham M. Navrotsky, Alexandra Varga, Tamas Ahn, Dongjoon Saha, Atanu Poli, Fabrizia Mueller, Klaus Raj, Rishi TI Thermodynamically stable Si(w)C(x)N(y)O(z) polymer-like, amorphous ceramics made from organic precursors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This communication reports new results on the enthalpy of formation of pseudo-amorphous ceramic compounds constituted from silicon, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (SiCNO), made from the polymer route. Again, like the SiCO materials, although with one exception, the enthalpy of formation from crystalline components (SiO(2) cristobalite, beta-Si(3)N(4), SiC, and excess C) is negative. Some of the alloyed oxygen-nitrogen compositions yield enthalpies that are much more negative (similar to 100 kJ/g.atom) in comparison with compositions that contain mainly oxygen or nitrogen (similar to 20 kJ/g.atom). The exception, having a N/O ratio near 2, has a positive value for the enthalpy. This may reflect the presence of nanoclusters of stoichiometric Si(2)N(2)O instead of the pseudo-amorphous nanodomain structure seen for the other samples. C1 [Ahn, Dongjoon; Saha, Atanu; Raj, Rishi] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morcos, Riham M.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Varga, Tamas] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Poli, Fabrizia; Mueller, Klaus] Univ Stuttgart, Dept Chem, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Raj, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rishi.raj@colorado.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2391 EP 2393 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02427.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100053 ER PT J AU Poyneer, L Veran, JP AF Poyneer, Lisa Veran, Jean-Pierre TI Predictive wavefront control for adaptive optics with arbitrary control loop delays SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEM AB We present a modification of the closed-loop state space model for adaptive optics control that allows delays that are a noninteger multiple of the system frame rate. We derive the new forms of the predictive Fourier control Kalman filters for arbitrary delays and show that they are linear combinations of the whole-frame delay terms. This structure of the controller is independent of the delay. System stability margins and residual error variance both transition gracefully between integer-frame delays. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Poyneer, Lisa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Veran, Jean-Pierre] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Poyneer, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1486 EP 1496 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.001486 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 330GF UT WOS:000257928000002 PM 18594603 ER PT J AU Bayramian, A Armstrong, J Beer, G Campbell, R Chai, B Cross, R Erlandson, A Fei, Y Freitas, B Kent, R Menapace, J Molander, W Schaffers, K Siders, C Sutton, S Tassano, J Telford, S Ebbers, C Caird, J Barty, C AF Bayramian, Andy Armstrong, James Beer, Glenn Campbell, Rob Chai, Bruce Cross, Robert Erlandson, Alvin Fei, Yting Freitas, Barry Kent, Robert Menapace, Joseph Molander, William Schaffers, Kathleen Siders, Craig Sutton, Steve Tassano, John Telford, Steve Ebbers, Christopher Caird, John Barty, Christopher TI High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the Mercury laser facility SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources CY SEP, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM ID SAPPHIRE LASER; MU-M; ENERGY; AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION; CRYSTAL; PULSES; GROWTH; FUSION AB The Mercury laser system is a diode-pumped solid-state laser that has demonstrated over 60 J at a repetition rate of 10 Hz (600 W) of near-infrared light (1047 nm). Using a yttrium calcium oxyborate frequency converter, we have demonstrated 31.7 J/pulse at 10 Hz of second harmonic generation. The frequency converted Mercury laser system will pump a high-average-power Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplifier system that will produce a compressed peak power > 1 PW and peak irradiance > 10(23) W/cm(2). (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Bayramian, Andy; Armstrong, James; Beer, Glenn; Campbell, Rob; Cross, Robert; Erlandson, Alvin; Freitas, Barry; Kent, Robert; Menapace, Joseph; Molander, William; Schaffers, Kathleen; Siders, Craig; Sutton, Steve; Tassano, John; Telford, Steve; Ebbers, Christopher; Caird, John; Barty, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Chai, Bruce; Fei, Yting] Crystal Photon Inc, Sanford, FL 32773 USA. RP Bayramian, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-470, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bayramian1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP B57 EP B61 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.000B57 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331LP UT WOS:000258014000010 ER PT J AU Hartemann, FV Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Hartemann, F. V. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. TI Theory of Compton scattering in ignited thermonuclear plasmas SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources CY SEP, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM ID RADIATION; ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; LASERS; LIGHT; GAIN AB Inertially confined, ignited thermonuclear deuterium-tritium plasmas will produce intense blackbody radiation at temperatures of T greater than or similar to 20 keV; it is shown that the injection of GeV electrons into the burning core can efficiently generate high-energy Compton scattering photons, as the high blackbody photon density alleviates the small interaction cross section. Moreover, it is shown that the spectrum scattered in a small solid angle can be remarkably monochromatic, due to kinematic pileup; peak brightness in excess of 10(30) photons/(mm(2) mrad(2) s 0.1% bandwidth) are predicted. These results are also discussed within the context of the Schwinger field and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Hartemann, F. V.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-470, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hartemann1@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP B167 EP B174 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.00B167 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331LP UT WOS:000258014000026 ER PT J AU Wachulak, P Grisham, M Heinbuch, S Martz, D Rockward, W Hill, D Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS Anderson, E Marconi, M AF Wachulak, P. Grisham, M. Heinbuch, S. Martz, D. Rockward, W. Hill, D. Rocca, J. J. Menoni, C. S. Anderson, E. Marconi, M. TI Interferometric lithography with an amplitude division interferometer and a desktop extreme ultraviolet laser SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources CY SEP, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM ID X-RAY LASER; INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; REPETITION-RATE; ARRAYS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SIZE AB We demonstrate a compact interferometric lithography nanopatterning tool based on an amplitude division interferometer (ADI) and a 46.9 nm wavelength desktop size capillary discharge laser. The system is designed to print arrays of lines, holes, and dots with sizes below 100 nm on high resolution photoresists for the fabrication of arrays of nanostructures with physical and biological applications. The future combination of this ADI with high repetition rate tabletop lasers operating at shorter wavelengths should allow the printing of arrays of sub-10 nm size features with a tabletop setup. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Wachulak, P.; Grisham, M.; Heinbuch, S.; Martz, D.; Rockward, W.; Hill, D.; Rocca, J. J.; Menoni, C. S.; Anderson, E.; Marconi, M.] Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wachulak, P.; Grisham, M.; Heinbuch, S.; Martz, D.; Rocca, J. J.; Menoni, C. S.; Marconi, M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rockward, W.; Hill, D.] Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Anderson, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marconi, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, 1373 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Marconi@engr.colostate.edu RI Martz, Dale/A-9693-2012; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP B104 EP B107 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.00B104 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331LP UT WOS:000258014000016 ER PT J AU Wachulak, PW Brewer, CA Brizuela, F Menoni, CS Chao, W Anderson, EH Bartels, RA Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC AF Wachulak, P. W. Brewer, C. A. Brizuela, F. Menoni, C. S. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Bartels, R. A. Rocca, J. J. Marconi, M. C. TI Analysis of extreme ultraviolet microscopy images of patterned nanostructures based on a correlation method SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources CY SEP, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; LASER AB A method to analyze extreme ultraviolet microscopy images of nanostructures that allows for the simultaneous determination of an object's feature size and image resolution is presented. It is based on the correlation between the image and a set of templates of known resolution generated from the original image using Gaussian filters. The analysis was applied to images obtained with a Fresnel zone plate microscope that uses a 13.2 nm wavelength laser light for illumination. The object's feature size and the resolution obtained with this method are shown to be in very good agreement with independent measurements of both magnitudes. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Wachulak, P. W.; Brewer, C. A.; Brizuela, F.; Menoni, C. S.; Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Bartels, R. A.; Rocca, J. J.; Marconi, M. C.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wachulak, P. W.; Brewer, C. A.; Brizuela, F.; Menoni, C. S.; Bartels, R. A.; Rocca, J. J.; Marconi, M. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wachulak, PW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wachulak@lamar.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; OI Wachulak, Przemyslaw/0000-0001-9853-7946 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 7 BP B20 EP B26 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.000B20 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331LP UT WOS:000258014000004 ER PT J AU Saw, CK Collins, G Menczel, J Jaffe, M AF Saw, C. K. Collins, G. Menczel, J. Jaffe, M. TI Thermally induced reorganization in LCP fibers SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc HO Michigan State Univ DE COTBP; heat treatment; LCP fiber; mechanical elements; oriented entanglements; tensile properties; Vectran (R) ID POLYMER; POLYESTERS AB The molecular reorganization occurring in liquid crystalline polymer fiber during heat treatment is of great interest for many commercial reasons. Using thermal analysis techniques, WAXS and real time temperature dependent synchrotron SAXS, the structure and morphology of commercial LCP (liquid crystalline polymer), Vectran (R), HBA/HNA (p-hydroxybenzoic acid/6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid), and its variant polymer fiber COTBP, HBA/HNA/BP/TA (BP-benzophenone, TA-terephthalic acid), have been examined. Both fibers have the typical liquid crystalline polymer structure, i.e., highly aligned with aperiodic sequencing along the fiber axis. There is a three-fold increase in strength in both fibers with heat treatment; however, the modulus is observed to increase significantly in COTBP but not in Vectran (R). This paper reports on the changes and the differences on the structural and morphological behavior for both the as-spun and heat-treated LCP fibers. We propose an 'oriented entanglement' model to describe the differences between the two polymer fibers. C1 [Menczel, J.] Alcon Labs Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76134 USA. [Collins, G.; Jaffe, M.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Saw, C. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Menczel, J (reprint author), Alcon Labs Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76134 USA. EM jmenczel@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 EI 1588-2926 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10973-007-8867-0 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 321PL UT WOS:000257318900025 ER PT J AU Hsu, P Souers, C De Haven, M Garza, R Alvarez, J Maienschein, J AF Hsu, P. Souers, C. De Haven, M. Garza, R. Alvarez, J. Maienschein, J. TI Characterization of thermally-damaged LX-17 SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Conference of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc HO Michigan State Univ DE cylinder test; detonation energy; detonation velocity; DSC; LX-17; porosity; TATB; thermal damage ID CYLINDER TEST; LX-04 AB Thermal damage was applied to LX-17 at 190C for several hours. The damaged LX-17 samples, after cooled down to room temperature, were characterized for their material properties, safety and performance. Mass losses upon thermal exposure were insignificant (< 0.1 mass%). The damaged LX-17 samples expanded, resulting in a bulk density reduction of 4.3%. Subsequent detonation measurements (cylinder tests) were conducted on the thermally-damaged LX-17 samples. The results showed that the fractions of damaged LX-17 reacted were slightly lower than those of pristine LX-17. The thermally damaged LX-17 samples had average detonation velocity of 7.341 mm mu s(-1), lower than that (7.638 mm mu s(-1)) of pristine LX-17. The average detonation energy density for the damaged LX-17 was 5.18 kJ cm(-3), about 6.0% lower than the detonation energy density of 5.51 kJ cm(-3) for the pristine LX-17. The break-out curves showed reaction zone lengths for pristine LX-17 and damaged LX-17 were similar but the damaged samples had ragged detonation fronts. DSC curves showed no significant difference between pristine LX-17 and damaged LX-17 with a peak temperature of 381C observed. C1 [Hsu, P.; Souers, C.; De Haven, M.; Garza, R.; Alvarez, J.; Maienschein, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsu, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsu7@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s10973-007-8869-y PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 321PL UT WOS:000257318900045 ER PT J AU Colban, W Thole, KA Haendler, M AF Colban, W. Thole, K. A. Haendler, M. TI A comparison of cylindrical and fan-shaped film-cooling holes on a vane endwall at low and high freestream turbulence levels SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COMBUSTOR TURBINE INTERFACE AB Fan-shaped film-cooling holes have been shown to provide superior cooling performance to cylindrical holes along flat plates and turbine airfoils over a large range of different conditions. Benefits of fan-shaped holes include less required cooling air for the same performance, increased part lifetime, and fewer required holes. The major drawback, however, is increased manufacturing cost and manufacturing difficulty, particularly for the vane platform region. To this point, there have only been extremely limited comparisons between cylindrical and shaped holes on a turbine endwall at either low or high freestream turbulence conditions. This study presents film-cooling effectiveness measurements on an endwall surface in a large-scale, low-speed, two-passage, linear vane cascade. Results showed that film-cooling effectiveness decreased with increasing blowing rate for the cylindrical holes, indicating jet liftoff. However, the fan-shaped passage showed increased film-cooling effectiveness with increasing blowing ratio. Overall, fan-shaped holes increased film-cooling effectiveness by an average of 75% over cylindrical holes for constant cooling flow. C1 [Colban, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Thole, K. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haendler, M.] Muelheim AD, Siemens Power Generat, Ruhr, Germany. RP Colban, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wcolban@sandia.gov; kthole@psu.edu OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 AR 031007 DI 10.1115/1.2720493 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 301FG UT WOS:000255881200007 ER PT J AU Duenow, JN Gessert, TA Wood, DM Dillon, AC Coutts, TJ AF Duenow, Joel N. Gessert, Timothy A. Wood, David M. Dillon, Anne C. Coutts, Timothy J. TI Effects of hydrogen ambient and film thickness on ZnO : Al properties SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; NATIVE POINT-DEFECTS; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALUMINUM; MOLYBDENUM AB Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Al (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt. % Al2O3) films were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. Controlled incorporation of H-2 in the Ar sputtering ambient for films grown at substrate temperatures up to 200 degrees C results in mobilities exceeding 50 cm(2) V-1 S-1 when using targets containing 0.1 and 0.2 wt. % Al2O3. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements show evidence of phonon scattering as the dominant scattering mechanism in these lightly Al-doped films, while ionized impurity scattering appears increasingly dominant at higher doping levels. A combination of compositional and structural analysis shows that hydrogen expands the ZnO lattice normal to the plane of the substrate and desorbs from ZnO at similar to 250 degrees C according to temperature-programmed desorption and annealing experiments. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Duenow, Joel N.; Wood, David M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gessert, Timothy A.; Dillon, Anne C.; Coutts, Timothy J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Duenow, JN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joel_duenow@nrel.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 692 EP 696 DI 10.1116/1.2891261 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200022 ER PT J AU Walock, MJ Ambaye, H Chshiev, M Klose, FR Butler, WH Mankey, GJ AF Walock, M. J. Ambaye, H. Chshiev, M. Klose, F. R. Butler, W. H. Mankey, G. J. TI High magnetization FeCo/Pd multilayers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID FILMS; PD AB We have fabricated multilayer samples with varying superlattice periodicity and interlayer thicknesses to determine the nature of the enhanced moment in this intriguing thin film system. Magnetic characterization experiments show an enhanced magnetic moment in the multilayers as compared to a single layer film containing the same amount of FeCo. However, since the magnetization is defined as the magnetic moment divided by the sample volume, the sample exhibits an overall reduction in the magnetization when the volume of the Pd layers is also taken into account. Our experimental findings are also supported by theoretical calculations which identify the origin of the increased magnetic moment in the multilayer system. Polarized neutron reflectivity experiments will be used to determine the lateral distribution of the magnetization in a number of superlattice samples. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Walock, M. J.; Chshiev, M.; Butler, W. H.; Mankey, G. J.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Walock, M. J.; Chshiev, M.; Butler, W. H.; Mankey, G. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Ambaye, H.; Klose, F. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Walock, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM waloc001@bama.ua.edu RI Chshiev, Mairbek/A-9742-2008; Walock, Michael/H-5540-2013; Ambaye, Haile/D-1503-2016; Mankey, Gary/G-9110-2011 OI Chshiev, Mairbek/0000-0001-9232-7622; Walock, Michael/0000-0002-0403-4510; Ambaye, Haile/0000-0002-8122-9952; Mankey, Gary/0000-0003-3163-5159 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1116/1.2830631 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200029 ER PT J AU Li, H Ocola, LE Auciello, O Firestone, M AF Li, Hao Ocola, Leonidas E. Auciello, Orlando Firestone, Millicent TI Design and fabrication of a multilayer micro-/nanofluldic device with an electrically driven nanovalve SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; SILICON-NITRIDE; DENSITY PLASMAS; SYSTEM; FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; ETCH AB A device containing microfluidic and nanofluidic channels was designed and fabricated to study the performance of an electrically driven nanovalve controlled by induced polarization of a ferroelectric substrate. The microfluidic component was fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane and designed to provide adequate driving pressure and flow rate for fluid flow in the nanofluidic component using only a common syringe pump. The nanofluidic component was fabricated on a glass substrate, coated with a thin film of lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT) substrate, and integrated with nanoelectrodes to induce surface polarization. The experimental concept is to use the polarizable surface of the PZT layers to control the motion of a nanovalve made of charged nanowires or biological molecules. The function of the nanovalve would be demonstrated by observing the fluid mixing behavior variation in the nanofluidic channels before and after the polarization of the PZT substrate. A successful device will prove useful for many applications including laboratory on a chip and release-on-demand drug delivery systems. This device can also be used to study the basic science of fluid flow and heat transfer at the nanoscale with the purpose of improvement in flow and heat transfer efficiency in nanoscale devices. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Li, Hao; Ocola, Leonidas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Auciello, Orlando; Firestone, Millicent] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lihao2004@gmail.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1116/1.2936227 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200033 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK AF Ahrenkiel, R. K. TI Photoconductive analysis of ion implantation damage and annealing in silicon wafers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS AB This work describes the use of a new method of detecting residual damage centers, which are produced in ion-implanted silicon. Contactless resonant-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) measures the minority-carrier lifetime in the unimplanted region of the wafer. The analysis and data show that the lifetime is dominated by recombination in the implanted volume. By varying the wavelength of the RCPCD excitation, one can determine that the dominant recombination occurs in the implanted region. The data show that the carrier lifetime increases by orders of magnitude as the recombination mechanism changes from defect to Auger recombination. The latter arises from high-density, electrically activated acceptors in p-type silicon after thermal annealing. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ahrenkiel, R. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ahrenkiel, R. K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rahren@mac.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 812 EP 818 DI 10.1116/1.2919144 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200042 ER PT J AU Lereu, AL Passian, A Farahi, RH van Hulst, NF Ferrell, TL Thundat, T AF Lereu, A. L. Passian, A. Farahi, R. H. van Hulst, N. F. Ferrell, T. L. Thundat, T. TI Thermoplasmonic shift and dispersion in thin metal films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MULTIPLE-PHOTON ENERGIES; BAND-GAPS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; MODULATION; GRATINGS; SENSOR AB In 2004, the authors reported two coupling schemes based on the thermo-optic properties of thin metallic films and their associated sub- and superstrates, by utilizing surface plasmons. These studies showed a potential for all-optical modulation at low rates that may be used for sensing purposes. In this article, they continue by investigating thermal processes involved in thin metallic films with different approaches. They first experimentally imaged the shift of the surface plasmon dispersion relation in the visible spectrum, as the thin film temperature is externally varied. They then reinforce the previous observations by collecting the absorption curves at selected visible photon energies of excitation, as the film temperature in the excitation region increases. Utilizing the absorption measurements, they briefly address how one may obtain the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction of the thin film as a function of temperature for each involved wavelength. Finally, they investigate the local physical state of the film by optically profiling the surface plasmon excitation region. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Lereu, A. L.; van Hulst, N. F.] Inst Ciencies Foton ICFO, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Lereu, A. L.; Passian, A.; Farahi, R. H.; Thundat, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Passian, A.; Ferrell, T. L.; Thundat, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [van Hulst, N. F.] ICREA, Barcelona 08015, Spain. RP Lereu, AL (reprint author), CNRS 6133, Inst Fresnel, Campus St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille, France. EM passianan@ornl.gov RI van Hulst, Niek/J-2121-2012; Lereu, Aude/P-6414-2016 OI van Hulst, Niek/0000-0003-4630-1776; Lereu, Aude/0000-0001-7390-7832 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 836 EP 841 DI 10.1116/1.2900713 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200046 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Romero, MJ Jiang, CS To, B Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, H. R. Dhere, R. G. Romero, M. J. Jiang, C. -S. To, B. Al-Jassim, M. M. TI Electron backscatter diffraction of CdTe thin films: Effects of CdCl2 treatment SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROTEXTURE; MICROSCOPY AB In this work, the authors describe procedures to prepare the surface of close-spaced sublimation CdTe thin films necessary for producing good electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. They found that polishing resulted in an amorphous layer on the surface and no Kikuchi pattern; however, ion-beam milling produced a relatively flat and good-quality surface, resulting in high-quality patterns and, consequently, excellent EBSD data. The authors used a combination of polishing and ion-beam milling or etching to study the crystalline structure of the CdTe film at different depths. They also used EBSD, in conjunction with other analytical techniques, to investigate the effects of the CdCl2 treatment, performed at different temperatures and times, on the recrystallization process of physical vapor deposition CdTe thin films. The authors found that the untreated films were < 111 > oriented, with grain sizes smaller than 1 mu m. The CdCl2 at 350 degrees C produced partially recrystallized films, whereas treatments at 400 degrees C or 420 degrees C produced completely recrystallized films, with no texture, and grains with grain sizes varying from about 1 mu m to more than 40 mu m. These films were so flat that good EBSD data could be obtained without any surface preparation. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that large grains had different morphologies than smaller grains, and EBSD showed that these large grains had < 111 > texture. These results indicate that the (111) surface is the lowest energy surface in these films and, consequently, < 111 >-oriented grains grow at the expense of grains oriented in less-favorable directions. Regardless of the deposition method and treatment, the CdTe films have a high density of 60 degrees < 111 > twin boundaries. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Moutinho, H. R.; Dhere, R. G.; Romero, M. J.; Jiang, C. -S.; To, B.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM helio_moutinho@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1073 DI 10.1116/1.2841523 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200089 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Niakoula, D Zhang, GJ AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Niakoula, Dimitra Zhang, Guojing TI System-level line-edge roughness limits in extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MASK-ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; ALIGNMENT; DEFECTS AB As critical dimensions shrink, line-edge roughness (LER) and linewidth roughness become of increasing concern. Traditionally, LER is viewed as a resist-limited effect; however, as critical dimensions shrink and LER requirements become proportionally more stringent, system-level effects begin to play an important role. Recent advanced extreme-ultraviolet resist testing results have demonstrated lower bounds on achievable LER at the level of approximately 2-3 nm. Here, the authors use modeling to demonstrate that a significant portion of this low bound may, in fact, be do to system-level effects and, in particular, the mask. Of concern are both LER on the mask as well as roughness of the multilayer reflector. Modeling also shows roughness (flare) in the projection optics not to be of concern. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.; Niakoula, Dimitra] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Guojing] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov FU SEMATECH; DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences FX Hoef, Gideon Jones, Jerrin Chiu, and Ken Goldberg for expert support with the exposure tool, and to the entire CXRO staff for enabling this research. The authors are also grateful to Kim Dean of SEMATECH for program support. This work was supported by SEMATECH and carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1293 DI 10.1116/1.2932100 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400006 ER PT J AU Deo, N Brewer, JR Reinhardt, CE Nikolic, RJ Cheung, CL AF Deo, N. Brewer, J. R. Reinhardt, C. E. Nikolic, R. J. Cheung, C. L. TI Conformal filling of silicon micropillar platform with (10)boron SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; TRENCHES; FILMS; TECHNOLOGY; TUNGSTEN; GROWTH; METAL AB A recently proposed micropillar semiconductor platform filled with a high volume of isotopic (10)boron (B-10) has great potential to yield efficient thermal neutron detectors because B-10 has a high thermal neutron cross section. Here, the authors report the development of conformal filling of high aspect ratio silicon micropillar platforms with B-10 by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using B-10-enriched decaborane (B10H14). The relationships between the pillar structure and the key process parameters including reaction temperature, process pressure, and buffer gas flow rates were investigated to optimize the conformal filling on these structures. Reaction temperature of 420-530 degrees C, process pressure of 50-450 mTorr, 0.3 SCCM (SCCM denotes cubic centimeter per minute at STP) B10H14 flow rate, and argon buffer gas flow rate of 0-200 SCCM were used to deposit B-10 materials into the micropillar structures with aspect ratios of 3:1, 6:1, and 10:1. All three mentioned pillar structures were found to be completely (similar to 100%) filled with B-10 at 420 degrees C and 50 mTorr. At higher process temperatures, the fill factors of the three pillar structures decreased significantly. The effect of reaction temperature, process pressure, and buffer gas flow rates on the LPCVD deposition mechanism with respect to the structure geometry are also discussed. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Deo, N.; Brewer, J. R.; Cheung, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Deo, N.; Brewer, J. R.; Cheung, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Reinhardt, C. E.; Nikolic, R. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Deo, N (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ccheung2@unl.edu RI Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013 FU Nebraska Research Initiative; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC5207NA27344, UCRL-LLNL-JRNL-401189] FX The authors thank the Nebraska Center of Materials and Nanoscience and Center of Biotechnology for the use of their facilities. C. L. C. acknowledges partial support from the Nebraska Research Initiative. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Nos. DE-AC5207NA27344 and UCRL-LLNL-JRNL-401189. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.1116/1.2939260 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400010 ER PT J AU Harman, J Kabulski, A Pagan, VR Famouri, P Kasarla, KR Rodak, LE Hensel, JP Korakakis, D AF Harman, J. Kabulski, A. Pagan, V. R. Famouri, P. Kasarla, K. R. Rodak, L. E. Hensel, J. Peter Korakakis, D. TI Effect of contact metals on the piezoelectric properties of aluminum nitride thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET AB The converse piezoelectric response of aluminum nitride evaluated using standard metal insulator semiconductor structures has been found to exhibit a linear dependence on the work function of the metal used as the top electrode. The apparent d(33) of the 150-1100 nm films also depends on the dc bias applied to the samples. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Harman, J.; Kabulski, A.; Pagan, V. R.; Famouri, P.; Kasarla, K. R.; Rodak, L. E.; Korakakis, D.] W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Harman, J.; Kasarla, K. R.; Hensel, J. Peter; Korakakis, D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Harman, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jharman2@mix.wvu.edu FU RDS [DE-AC26-04NT41817]; West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) program; WVNano Bridge Award, West Virginia University; AIXTRON FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research in high temperature flow control hardware for advanced power systems under the RDS Contract No. DE-AC26-04NT41817. The work was also supported in part by a grant from the West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) program to L. E. R. V. P. has been partially supported through the WVNano Bridge Award, West Virginia University. Partial funding was also provided by AIXTRON. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1417 EP 1419 DI 10.1116/1.2958253 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400030 ER PT J AU Rivnay, J Jimison, LH Toney, MF Preiner, M Melosh, NA Salleo, A AF Rivnay, Jonathan Jimison, Leslie H. Toney, Michael F. Preiner, Michael Melosh, Nicholas A. Salleo, Alberto TI Interfacial effects in thin films of polymeric semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CARRIER MOBILITY; TRANSISTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DIODES AB The surface onto which polymeric semiconductors are cast from solution plays an important role in determining the electrical transport properties of the polymeric thin film. The authors use synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction to show that even moderate roughness (rms similar to 5 angstrom) can affect the texture of semicrystalline poly(thiophene) thin films. Moreover, the authors use a novel optical characterization technique (surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy) to characterize the appearance of electronic states in the bandgap of thin films (similar to 20 nm) of regioregular poly(thiophene). Such states may be due to the heterointerface between the thin Au substrate and the polymer. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Rivnay, Jonathan; Jimison, Leslie H.; Melosh, Nicholas A.; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Preiner, Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Salleo, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM asalleo@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation in the form of a Career Award; NDSEG; Graduate Student Fellowship FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors acknowledge Beng Ong and Yilian Wu of the Xerox research Centre of Canada for providing the PQT-12 material. The PQT-12 thin films were prepared while AS was at PARC. A. S. and L. H. J. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation in the form of a Career Award and a Graduate Student Fellowship, respectively. J. R. gratefully acknowledges the Office of Naval Research for support through a NDSEG Fellowship. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1454 EP 1460 DI 10.1116/1.2952454 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400036 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK Johnston, SW AF Ahrenkiel, R. K. Johnston, S. W. TI Interaction of microwaves with photoelectrons in semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME AB Microwave photoconductive decay is widely used to measure the recombination lifetime in semiconductors and is generally considered to be a low-injection technique. Here, the authors examine the technique in detail from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. When the skin or penetration depth is much less than the sample thickness, the reflectance-conductivity relationship is nonlinear when the injected carrier density exceeds about 5% of background doping. However, when the penetration depth is much larger than the sample thickness, the transmitted signal is linear over several orders of magnitude of sample conductivity. In the transmission mode of operation, high-injection lifetime measurements are accurate. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ahrenkiel, R. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ahrenkiel, R. K.; Johnston, S. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rahren@mac.com FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX The second author (S. W. J.) acknowledges the U. S. Department of Energy for supporting this work under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1508 EP 1515 DI 10.1116/1.2945296 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400045 ER PT J AU Nelson-Cheeseman, BB Wong, F Chopdekar, RV Chi, M Arenholz, E Browning, ND Suzuki, Y AF Nelson-Cheeseman, B. B. Wong, F. Chopdekar, R. V. Chi, M. Arenholz, E. Browning, N. D. Suzuki, Y. TI Interface structure and transport of complex oxide junctions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PHASE AB The interface structure and magnetism of hybrid magnetic tunnel junction-spin filter devices have been investigated and correlated with their transport properties. Magnetic tunnel junctions made of a spinel NiMn2O4 tunnel barrier sandwiched by theoretically predicted half-metallic electrodes, perovskite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and spinel Fe3O4, exhibit very high crystalline quality as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Structurally abrupt interfaces allow for the distinct magnetic switching of the electrodes as well as large junction magnetoresistance. The change in the magnetic anisotropy observed at the spinel-spinel interface is indicative of a thin interdiffused magnetically soft interfacial layer. The strong exchange coupling at this interface allows for low background magnetoresistance, and a spin-filter effect with when the barrier is ferrimagnetic. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Nelson-Cheeseman, B. B.; Wong, F.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chopdekar, R. V.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nelson-Cheeseman, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bbnelsonchee@berkeley.edu RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE FX This work was supported in full by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Processing was performed in the University of California-Berkeley Microlab. NCEM and ALS are funded by DOE. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1521 EP 1525 DI 10.1116/1.2956626 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400047 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH AF Farrell, H. H. TI Surface bonding effects in compound semiconductor nanoparticles: II SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SMALL GAAS CLUSTERS; GALLIUM; DENSITY; ENERGY; CDS; NANOCRYSTALS; (ALP)(N); PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION; MOLECULES AB Small nanoparticles have a large proportion of their atoms either at or near the surface, and those in clusters are essentially all on the surface. As a consequence, the details of the surface structure are of paramount importance in governing the overall stability of the particle. Just as with bulk materials, factors that determine this stability include "bulk" structure, surface reconstruction, charge balance and hybridization, ionicity, strain, stoichiometry, and the presence of adsorbates. Needless to say, many of these factors, such as charge balance, hybridization, and strain, are interdependent. These factors all contribute to the overall binding energy of clusters and small nanoparticles and play a role in determining the deviations from an inverse size dependence that the authors have previously reported for compound semiconductor materials. Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, the authors have explored how these factors influence particle stability under a variety of conditions. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM helen.farrel@inl.gov FU DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the Division of Material Sciences and Engineering of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, through the DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517. The author would also like to thank Chris Palmstrom and Phyllis King for their kind assistance in this work. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1534 EP 1541 DI 10.1116/1.2953733 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400050 ER PT J AU Ahktari-Zavareh, A Li, WJ Kavanagh, KL Trionfi, AJ Jones, JC Reno, JL Hsu, JWP Talin, AA AF Ahktari-Zavareh, Azadeh Li, Wenjie Kavanagh, Karen L. Trionfi, Aaron J. Jones, Jason C. Reno, John L. Hsu, Julia W. P. Talin, A. Alec TI Au/Ag and Au/Pd molecular contacts to GaAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION MICROSCOPY; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER HEIGHT; METAL CONTACTS; MONOLAYERS; FILMS; PD; DIODES; AU AB The hot electron transport through Au/Pd or Au/Ag/molecular layer/n-GaAs diodes has been studied by using ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM). The monolayers consisted of either octanedithiol (HS-(CH2)(8)-SH) or hexadecanethiol (HS-(CH2)(15)-CH3) linear alkane chains and were deposited from ethanol solutions onto molecular beam epitaxially grown GaAs (001) surfaces. The metals were electron-beam evaporated onto the molecular layer. Similar to previous results for Au diodes, Au/Pd metallization onto an octanedithiol monolayer resulted in a large reduction in the BEEM signal, compared to Au and Au/Pd reference diodes (without monolayers). However, unlike Au/octanedithiol diodes, the BEEM signal was stronger and the threshold was found to be 1.2 eV instead of 1.4 eV. We attribute this to ballistic electron transmission rather than to the photonic signal that we previously reported for Au/octanedithiol. In comparison, the Au/Pd/hexadecanethiol diodes showed little change from the reference Au/Pd diodes, suggesting monolayer disruption by interdiffusion of Pd or Au through the molecules to the interface. Ag/GaAs or Au/Ag/GaAs diodes, with or without a molecular layer, did not result in reliable tunneling, likely the result of a tip-induced reaction. The octanedithiol layer on GaAs provides a free thiol group for bonding with the top metal contact, minimizing Au or Pd penetration and the displacement of the molecule-GaAs thiol bond but not completely eliminating these effects in the case of Pd. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ahktari-Zavareh, Azadeh; Li, Wenjie; Kavanagh, Karen L.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Trionfi, Aaron J.; Jones, Jason C.; Reno, John L.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kavanagh, KL (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM kavanagh@sfu.ca RI Kavanagh, Karen/J-6914-2012; OI Kavanagh, Karen/0000-0002-3059-7528 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1597 EP 1601 DI 10.1116/1.2919159 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400059 ER PT J AU Rousseau, CM Daniels, MG Carlson, JM Kadie, C Crawford, H Prendergast, A Matthews, P Payne, R Rolland, M Raugi, DN Maust, BS Learn, GH Nickle, DC Coovadia, H Ndung'u, T Frahm, N Brander, C Walker, BD Goulder, PJR Bhattacharya, T Heckerman, DE Korber, BT Mullins, JI AF Rousseau, Christine M. Daniels, Marcus G. Carlson, Jonathan M. Kadie, Carl Crawford, Hayley Prendergast, Andrew Matthews, Philippa Payne, Rebecca Rolland, Morgane Raugi, Dana N. Maust, Brandon S. Learn, Gerald H. Nickle, David C. Coovadia, Hoosen Ndung'u, Thumbi Frahm, Nicole Brander, Christian Walker, Bruce D. Goulder, Philip J. R. Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Heckerman, David E. Korber, Bette T. Mullins, James I. TI HLA class I-driven evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C proteome: Immune escape and viral load SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; STRUCTURALLY CONSTRAINED EPITOPE; CTL ESCAPE; CELL RESPONSES; PRIMARY INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CHILD TRANSMISSION; HIV POLYMORPHISMS; FITNESS COST; GAG EPITOPE AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutations that confer escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition can sometimes result in lower viral fitness. These mutations can then revert upon transmission to a new host in the absence of CTL-mediated immune selection pressure restricted by the HLA alleles of the prior host. To identify these potentially critical recognition points on the virus, we assessed HLA-driven viral evolution using three phylogenetic correction methods across full HIV-1 subtype C proteomes from a cohort of 261 South Africans and identified amino acids conferring either susceptibility or resistance to CTLs. A total of 558 CTL-susceptible and -resistant HLA-amino acid associations were identified and organized into 310 immunological sets (groups of individual associations related to a single HLA/epitope combination). Mutations away from seven susceptible residues, including four in Gag, were associated with lower plasma viral-RNA loads (q < 0.2 [where q is the expected false-discovery rate]) in individuals with the corresponding HLA alleles. The ratio of susceptible to resistant residues among those without the corresponding HLA alleles varied in the order Vpr > Gag > Rev > Pol > Nef > Vif > Tat > Env > Vpu (Fisher's exact test; P <= 0.0009 for each comparison), suggesting the same ranking of fitness costs by genes associated with CTL escape. Significantly more HLA-B (chi(2); p = 3.59 x 10(-5)) and HLA-C (chi(2); p = 4.71 x 10(-6)) alleles were associated with amino acid changes than HLA-A, highlighting their importance in driving viral evolution. In conclusion, specific HIV-1 residues (enriched in Vpr, Gag, and Rev) and HLA alleles (particularly B and Q confer susceptibility to the CTL response and are likely to be important in the development of vaccines targeted to decrease the viral load. C1 [Rousseau, Christine M.; Rolland, Morgane; Raugi, Dana N.; Maust, Brandon S.; Learn, Gerald H.; Nickle, David C.; Heckerman, David E.; Mullins, James I.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Daniels, Marcus G.; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Daniels, Marcus G.; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carlson, Jonathan M.; Kadie, Carl; Heckerman, David E.] Microsoft Res, Machine Learning & Appl Stat Grp, Redmond, WA USA. [Crawford, Hayley; Prendergast, Andrew; Matthews, Philippa; Payne, Rebecca; Goulder, Philip J. R.] Nuffield Dept Med, Dept Pediat, Oxford, England. [Coovadia, Hoosen; Ndung'u, Thumbi; Goulder, Philip J. R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, HIV Pathogenesis Program, Durban, South Africa. [Frahm, Nicole; Brander, Christian; Walker, Bruce D.; Goulder, Philip J. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Walker, Bruce D.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chavy Chase, MD USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Mullins, James I.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rousseau, CM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, 1959 NE Pacific St,Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmr@u.washington.edu RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Matthews, Philippa/0000-0002-4036-4269; Ndung'u, Thumbi/0000-0003-2962-3992; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU Medical Research Council [G0500384]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI27005, AI047734, AI058894, AI061734, AI067077, AI11514, AI27757, N01-AI-15422, P01 AI061734, P30 AI027757, R01 AI047734, R01 AI058894, R01 AI067077, R37 AI047734] NR 68 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 13 BP 6434 EP 6446 DI 10.1128/JVI.02455-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 316KC UT WOS:000256947300032 PM 18434400 ER PT J AU Dumortier, J Streblow, DN Moses, AV Jacobs, JM Kreklywich, CN Camp, D Smith, RD Orloff, SL Nelson, JA AF Dumortier, Jerome Streblow, Daniel N. Moses, Ashlee V. Jacobs, Jon M. Kreklywich, Craig N. Camp, David Smith, Richard D. Orloff, Susan L. Nelson, Jay A. TI Human cytomegalovirus secretome contains factors that induce angiogenesis and wound healing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPLANT VASCULAR SCLEROSIS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS; CHRONIC REJECTION; CORONARY-ARTERIES; ANTIVIRAL PROPHYLAXIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; HEART-TRANSPLANTS; ELUTING STENT AB Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is implicated in the acceleration of a number of vascular diseases including transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS), the lesion associated with chronic rejection (CR) of solid organ transplants. Although the virus persists in the allograft throughout the course of disease, few cells are directly infected by CMV. This observation is in contrast to the global effects that CMV has on the acceleration of TVS/CR, suggesting that CMV infection indirectly promotes the vascular disease process. Recent transcriptome analysis of CMV-infected heart allografts indicates that the virus induces cytokines and growth factors associated with angiogenesis (AG) and wound healing (WH), suggesting that CMV may accelerate TVS/CR through the induction and secretion of AG/WH factors from infected cells. We analyzed virus-free supernatants from HCMV-infected cells (HCMV secretomes) for growth factors, by mass spectrometry and immunoassays, and found that the HCMV secretome contains over 1,000 cellular proteins, many of which are involved in AG/WH. Importantly, functional assays demonstrated that CMV but not herpes simplex virus secretomes not only induce AG/WH but also promote neovessel stabilization and endothelial cell survival for 2 weeks. These findings suggest that CMV acceleration of TVS occurs through virus-induced growth factors and cytokines in the CMV secretome. C1 [Orloff, Susan L.] VAMC, Portland, OR USA. [Kreklywich, Craig N.; Orloff, Susan L.; Nelson, Jay A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, MMI, Portland, OR USA. [Orloff, Susan L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR USA. [Dumortier, Jerome; Streblow, Daniel N.; Moses, Ashlee V.; Nelson, Jay A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst, Portland, OR USA. [Jacobs, Jon M.; Camp, David; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nelson, JA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst, Mail Code VGTI,505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM nelsonj@ohsu.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K01 RR000163, P51 RR000163, RR00163]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 66238-01, HL083194, HL65754, HL71695, R01 HL065754, R01 HL066238, R01 HL071695, R01 HL083194, R01 HL085451, R01 HL088603, R01 HL088603-04]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI21640, R01 AI021640] NR 47 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 13 BP 6524 EP 6535 DI 10.1128/JVI.00502-08 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 316KC UT WOS:000256947300040 PM 18448536 ER PT J AU Fokidis, HB Risch, TS AF Fokidis, H. B. Risch, T. S. TI Does gliding when pregnant select for larger females? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; flying squirrel; gliding; sexual size dimorphism; wing loading ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; CHIPMUNKS TAMIAS-AMOENUS; MALE BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGICAL CAUSES; LITTER SIZE AB For terrestrial vertebrates, gliding imposes unique constraints on the interaction of body mass and structural size, particularly with reference to minimizing wing loading. Females of gliding animals experience increases in wing loading during pregnancy or gravidity, and selection may favour increased structural size to compensate for the added mass. We tested whether pregnant southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans had similar wing loading as males, and whether females with lower wing loading bore heavier litters, than those with greater wing loading. Males had greater wing loading than females, regardless of the latter's reproductive state (males: 38.4 +/- 3.62 N m(-2), pregnant females: 30.7 +/- 4.21 N m(-2) and non-pregnant females: 26.8 +/- 5.13 N m(-2)). The slope of the linear relationship between planar surface area and body mass was similar between pregnant females and males, however (F=0.383, P=0.322). Thus female flying squirrels may optimize their litter mass to minimize wing loading during pregnancy. Contrary to our prediction, females with greater wing loading had heavier litters than those with lower wing loading, which suggests reproductive output may be influenced by other ecological factors. C1 [Fokidis, H. B.; Risch, T. S.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Fokidis, H. B.; Risch, T. S.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Fokidis, HB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Bobby.Fokidis@asu.edu RI Fokidis, Bobby/I-8366-2015 OI Fokidis, Bobby/0000-0003-2386-4066 NR 67 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 275 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00433.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 327EL UT WOS:000257712300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Long, GG Jemian, PR Ilavsky, J Milam, VT Lewis, JA AF Zhang, Fan Long, Gabrielle G. Jemian, Pete R. Ilavsky, Jan Milam, Valeria T. Lewis, Jennifer A. TI Quantitative measurement of nanoparticle halo formation around colloidal microspheres in binary mixtures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; STABILIZATION MECHANISM; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SCATTERING; DISPERSION; CERAMICS; CRYSTALS AB A new colloidal stabilization mechanism, known. as nanoparticle "haloing" (Tohver, V.; Smay, J. E.; Braem, A.; Braun, P. V.; Lewis, J. A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, (16), 8950-8954), has been predicted theoretically and inferred experimentally in microsphere-nanoparticle mixtures that possess high charge and size asymmetry. The term "halo" implies the existence of a nonzero separation distance between the highly charged nanoparticles and the negligibly charged microspheres that they surround. By means of ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, we have quantified the microsphere-nanoparticle separation distance as well as the number of nanoparticles and their lateral separation distance within the self-organized halos that form in these binary mixtures. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Long, Gabrielle G.; Jemian, Pete R.; Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Milam, Valeria T.; Lewis, Jennifer A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, GG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zhang, Fan/A-6133-2010; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 6504 EP 6508 DI 10.1021/la702968n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 318OI UT WOS:000257101100019 PM 18507406 ER PT J AU Ha, JY Yoon, TH Wang, YG Musgrave, CB Brown, GE AF Ha, Juyoung Yoon, Tae Hyun Wang, Yingge Musgrave, Charles B. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Adsorption of organic matter at mineral/water interfaces: 7. ATR-FTIR and quantum chemical study of lactate interactions with hematite nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; OUTER-SPHERE ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; BONDING MECHANISMS; SURFACE COMPLEXES; LACTIC-ACID; DISSOLUTION; SPECIATION; REACTIVITY AB The interaction of the L-lactate ion (L-CH3CH(OH)COO-, Lact(-1)) with hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (average diameter 11 nm) in the presence of bulk water at pH 5 and 25 degrees C was examined using a combination of (1) macroscopic uptake measurements, (2) in situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and (3) density functional theory modeling at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level. Uptake measurements indicate that increasing [Lact(-1)]((aq)) results in an increase in Lact(-1) uptake and a concomitant increase in Fe(III) release as a result of the dissolution of the hematite nanoparticles. The ATR-FTIR spectra of aqueous Lact(-1) and Lact(-1) adsorbed onto hematite nanoparticles at coverages ranging from 0.52 to 5.21 mu mol/m(2) showed significant differences in peak positions and shapes of carboxyl group stretches. On the basis of Gaussian fits of the spectra, we conclude that Lact-1 is present as both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes on the hematite nanoparticles. No significant dependence of the extent of Lact(-1) adsorption on background electrolyte concentration was found, suggesting that the dominant adsorption mode for Lact(-1) is inner sphere under these conditions. On the basis of quantum chemical modeling, we suggest that inner-sphere complexes of Lact(-1) adsorbed on hematite nanoparticles occur dominantly as monodentate, mononuclear complexes with the hydroxyl functional group pointing away from the Fe(Ill) center. C1 [Ha, Juyoung; Yoon, Tae Hyun; Wang, Yingge; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Musgrave, Charles B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yoon, Tae Hyun] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Photon Sci Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ha, JY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jyha@stanford.edu NR 57 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 6683 EP 6692 DI 10.1021/la800122v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 318OI UT WOS:000257101100042 PM 18522441 ER PT J AU Hill, WR Fanta, SE Roberts, BJ AF Hill, W. R. Fanta, S. E. Roberts, B. J. TI C-13 dynamics in benthic algae: Effects of light, phosphorus, and biomass development SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; RIVER FOOD-WEB; INORGANIC CARBON; WATER VELOCITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE-WATER; GROWTH-RATE; PERIPHYTON; DELTA-C-13; MARINE AB We performed three experiments in indoor streams and one experiment in a natural stream to investigate the effects of growth factors on delta C-13 levels in benthic microalgae. In the indoor streams, algae grown under conditions of high light and high phosphorus had delta C-13 values that were 16 parts per thousand higher than those in algae grown under conditions of low light and low phosphorus. Light effects were much stronger than phosphorus effects. The effects of both factors increased in strength as algal biomass accrued, and by the end of the experiments, algal delta C-13 and biomass were highly correlated. In the natural stream, algae exposed to direct sunlight were enriched 15 parts per thousand over shaded algae, corroborating the strong effect of light in the indoor streams. Growth factors such as light and nutrients probably reduce discrimination against C-13 (raising delta C-13 values) in benthic microalgae by causing CO2 depletion both within individual cells and within the assemblage matrix. However, because the most marked fractionation occurred in older and thicker assemblages, CO2 depletion within the assemblage matrix appeared to be more important than depletion within individual cells. In the absence of carbon-concentrating mechanisms, elevated delta C-13 suggests that inorganic carbon may limit the growth of benthic algae. The extensive range of delta C-13 values (-14% to -36%) created by light and nutrient manipulations in this study easily encompassed the mean delta C-13 values of both C-3 and C-4 terrestrial plants, indicating the challenge aquatic ecologists face in identifying carbon sources for higher trophic levels when light and nutrient conditions vary. C1 [Hill, W. R.; Fanta, S. E.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Roberts, B. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hill, WR (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM wrhill@uiuc.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1226 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1217 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 328BY UT WOS:000257773700003 ER PT J AU Jiao, J Lee, MY Barnes, CE Hagaman, EW AF Jiao, Jian Lee, Ming-Yung Barnes, Craig E. Hagaman, Edward W. TI Sn-119 NMR chemical shift tensors in anhydrous and hydrated Si8O20(SnMe3)(8) crystals SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; Sn-119; tin chemical shift tensors; chemical shift anisotropy; CSA; Si8O20(SnMe3)(8); tin coordination number ID SOLID-STATE NMR; BUILDING-BLOCK; MAGIC-ANGLE; SPECTRA AB Sn-119 chemical shift tensors of crystalline trialkyltin functionalized octameric spherosilicates, Si8O20(SnMe3)(8), have been determined by fitting sideband intensities in solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra. Tin chemical shift parameters are exquisitely sensitive to the presence of water of crystallization. Both hydrogen bonding and incipient oxygen-tin bonding from molecular water impact the local tin environment. Tin chemical shift tensors in the crystalline derivatives reflect the changes in geometry and coordination number at the tin centers. Chemical shift correlations on the crystalline derivatives, with known x-ray structures, are used to infer the tin coordination environment in an amorphous sample. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jiao, Jian; Hagaman, Edward W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lee, Ming-Yung; Barnes, Craig E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hagaman, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hagamanew@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 690 EP 692 DI 10.1002/mrc.2230 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 317WZ UT WOS:000257052400012 PM 18383435 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Skillman, A Woodruff, D AF Schultz, Irvin R. Skillman, Ann Woodruff, Dana TI Domoic acid excretion in dungeness crabs, razor clams and mussels SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 14) CY MAY 06-09, 2007 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP Petroleo Brasileiro S A, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif Tecnol, Soc Brasileira Ecotoxicol, Univ Fed Santa Catarina DE domoic acid; bivalves; crabs; toxicokinetics ID CANCER-MAGISTER; SILIQUA-PATULA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DEPURATION; SEAFOOD AB Domoic acid (DA) is a neurotoxic amino acid produced by several marine algal species of the Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) genus. We studied the elimination of DA from hemolymph after intravascular (IV) injection in razor clams (Siliqua patula), mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister). Crabs were also injected with two other organic acids, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and kainic acid (KA). For IV dosing, hemolymph was repetitively sampled and DA concentrations measured by HPLC-UV. Toxicokinetic analysis of DA in crabs suggested most of the injected dose remained within hemolymph compartment with little extravascular distribution. This observation is in sharp contrast to results obtained from clams and mussels which exhibited similarly large apparent volumes of distribution despite large differences in overall clearance. These findings suggest fundamentally different storage and elimination processes are occurring for DA between bivalves and crabs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schultz, Irvin R.; Skillman, Ann; Woodruff, Dana] Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_Schultz@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.012 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400009 PM 18400290 ER PT J AU Schultz, I Brown, KH Nagler, JJ AF Schultz, Irv Brown, Kim H. Nagler, James J. TI Effect of parental exposure to trenbolone and the brominated flame retardant BDE-47 on fertility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 14) CY MAY 06-09, 2007 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP Petroleo Brasileiro S A, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif Tecnol, Soc Brasileira Ecotoxicol, Univ Fed Santa Catarina DE trenbolone flame retardants; BDE-47; rainbow trout; reproduction ID 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL AB We exposed sexually maturing male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to BDE-47 (a polybrominated diphenyl ether) and female rainbow trout to trenbolone (an anabolic steroid). Male trout were orally exposed for 17 days to 55 pg/kglday BDE-47 and female trout continuously exposed for 60-77 days to a measured trenbolone water concentration of 35 ng/L. After the exposure, eggs and semen were collected and in vitro fertilization trials performed using a sperm:egg ratio of 300,000: 1. In the BDE-47 study, eggs from control females were fertilized with semen from exposed males, while in the trenbolone study, eggs from exposed females were fertilized with semen from control males. All treatments were evaluated at two-three early developmental time-points representing first cleavage (0.5 day), embryonic keel (9 days), and eyed stages (19 days), respectively. The results indicated that BDE-47 exposure did not alter fertility as embryonic survival was similar between control and exposed groups. Trenbolone exposure also did not alter embryo survival. However, in the embryos fertilized with eggs from trenbolone exposed females, a noticeable delay in developmental progress was observed. On day 19 when eye development is normally complete, the majority of the embryos either lacked eyes or displayed under-developed eyes, in contrast to control embryos. This finding suggests steroidal androgen exposure in sexually maturing female rainbow trout can impact developmental timing of F1 offspring. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schultz, Irv] Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Brown, Kim H.; Nagler, James J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Brown, Kim H.; Nagler, James J.] Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID USA. RP Schultz, I (reprint author), Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_Schultz@pnl.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5R01ES012446-03, R01 ES012446, R01 ES012446-03] NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.018 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400054 PM 18397801 ER PT J AU Hahn, ME Karchner, SI Franks, DG Woodin, BR Barott, KL Cipriano, MJ McArthur, AG AF Hahn, Mark E. Karchner, Sibel I. Franks, Diana G. Woodin, Bruce R. Barott, Katie L. Cipriano, M. J. McArthur, Andrew G. TI The transcriptional response to oxidative stress in fish embryos and cells exposed to tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hahn, Mark E.; Karchner, Sibel I.; Franks, Diana G.; Woodin, Bruce R.; Barott, Katie L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cipriano, M. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 325FX UT WOS:000257575400153 ER PT J AU Hayashi, S Sordelet, DJ Walker, LR Gleeson, B AF Hayashi, Shigenari Sordelet, Daniel J. Walker, Larry R. Gleeson, Brian TI Interdiffusion in Pt-containing gamma-Ni and gamma '-Ni3Al alloys at 1150 degrees C SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ternary diffusion; platinum; aluminides; uphill diffusion ID MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; AL-BASED ALLOYS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; PLATINUM ALUMINIDE; TERNARY-SYSTEMS; NICKEL; NI3AL; ADHESION; GROWTH AB Tertiary interdiffusion coefficients in the gamma-Ni and gamma'-Ni3Al phases of the Ni-Al-Pt system at 1150 degrees C were experimentally determined by applying a Boltzmann-Matano method at a common composition in the time-invariant diffusion paths for a given two couples. The variation of the main-term interdiffusion coefficients of Al, (D) over tilde (Ni)(AlAl), with increasing of Pt content was different for the gamma and gamma' phases. In gamma (D) over tilde (Ni)(AlAl) generally increased with increasing Pt content, but it decreased with increase in Pt in gamma' phase. By contrast, the main-term coefficients for Pt, (D) over tilde (Ni)(PtPt), apparently increased monotonically with increasing Pt content in both phases. but there was little dependency on At content. The cross-term interdiffusion coefficients, (D) over tilde (Ni)(AlPt) and (D) over tilde (Ni)(PtAl), were negative in both gamma and gamma'. showing that the chemical interaction between Al and Pt in these phases is negative. (D) over tilde (Ni)(AlPt) values were larger than those of (D) over tilde (Ni)(PtAl); however, there was no clear dependence of (D) over tilde (Ni)(AlPt) and (D) over tilde (Ni)(PtAl) on Pt and Al contents within the composition ranges studied. The cross-term interdiffusion coefficients were comparable to the main-term coefficients in gamma and within an order of magnitude of each other in gamma'. The significance of these findings are discussed and quantitatively assessed. C1 [Hayashi, Shigenari; Sordelet, Daniel J.; Gleeson, Brian] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Walker, Larry R.; Gleeson, Brian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Anal User Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hayashi, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-00-1-0484] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, contract number N00014-00-1-0484. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. Steven Fishman, our ONR Program Manager. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 36 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1550 EP 1557 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008001 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 342VE UT WOS:000258810900011 ER PT J AU Burr, TL Chowell, G AF Burr, Tom L. Chowell, Gerardo TI Signatures of non-homogeneous mixing in disease outbreaks SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE epidemic model; homogeneous mixing; heterogeneity; parameter estimation; final epidemic size ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; EPIDEMIC; NETWORKS; HETEROGENEITY; MODEL; POPULATIONS; SIZE AB Despite their simplifying assumptions, simple SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed)-type models for a homogeneously mixing fully susceptible population continue to provide useful insight and predictive capability. However, non-homogeneous mixing models such as those for outbreaks in social networks are often believed to provide better predictions of the benefits of various mitigation strategies such as isolation or vaccination. In practice, it is rarely known to what extent a SEIR-type model will adequately describe a given population. Therefore, our goal here is to evaluate possible retrospective signatures of non-homogeneous mixing or non-SEIR-type behavior. Each signature evaluated here is a measure of the goodness of fit of a SEIR-type model curve to the actual epidemic curve. For example, the extents of agreement between the final outbreak size and predictions of the final outbreak size based on reproduction number estimates arising from fitting various portions of the epidemic curve are possible signatures. On the basis of simulated outbreaks, we conclude that such signatures can detect non-SEIR-type behavior in some but not all of the social structures considered. The simulation study confirms that these signatures indicate non-SEIR-type behavior in a real 1918 influenza outbreak in Geneva. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chowell, Gerardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Math Modeling & Anal, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Burr, Tom L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chowell, Gerardo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Math Modeling & Anal, MS B284, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gchowell@asu.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.09.009 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 302FJ UT WOS:000255953900012 ER PT J AU Tuckwell, HC Shipman, PD Perelson, AS AF Tuckwell, Henry C. Shipman, Patrick D. Perelson, Alan S. TI The probability of HIV infection in a new host and its reduction with microbicides SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; stochastic models; microbicides; post-exposure prophylaxis ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; T-CELLS; CLEARANCE; MODEL; LOAD AB We use a simple mathematical model to estimate the probability and its time dependence that one or more HIV virions successfully infect target cells. For the transfer of a given number of virions to target cells we derive expressions for the probability P(inf), of infection. Thus, in the case of needlestick transfer we determine P(inf) and an approximate time window for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). For heterosexual transmission, where the transfer process is more complicated, a parameter gamma is employed which measures the strength of the infection process. For the smaller value of gamma, P(inf) is from 6 x 10(-5) to 0.93 or from 7.82 x 10(-6) to 0.29, where the lower figures are for the transfer of 100 virions and the upper figures are for the transfer of 4.4 million virions. We estimate the reductions in P(inf) which occur with a microbicide of a given efficacy. It is found that reductions may be approximately as stated when the number of virions transferred is less than about 10(5), but declines to zero for viral loads above that number. It is concluded that PEP should always be applied immediately after a needlestick incident. Further, manufacturers of microbicides should be encouraged to investigate and report their effectiveness at various transferred viral burdens. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuckwell, Henry C.; Shipman, Patrick D.] Max Planck Inst Math Sci, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Shipman, Patrick D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tuckwell, HC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Math Sci, Inselstr 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM tuckwell@mis.mpg.de RI Shipman, Patrick/I-3724-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [AI28433, RR06555]; NSF [DMS-0503196]; Max Planck Institute FX Portions of this work were done under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by NIH Grants AI28433 and RR06555 (ASP) and NSF Grant NSF DMS-0503196 (P.D.S.). We thank the Max Planck Institute for financial support and Drs. Andrew Phillips and Andrew Haase for useful correspondence. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 214 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2008.03.005 PG 6 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 341VL UT WOS:000258743200013 PM 18445499 ER PT J AU Allen, MS Carne, TG AF Allen, Matthew S. Carne, Thomas G. TI Delayed, multi-step inverse structural filter for robust force identification SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE time domain force reconstruction; system identification; inverse problem; algorithm of mode isolation; complex modes ID DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS AB An extension of the inverse structural filter (ISF) force reconstruction algorithm is presented that utilizes data from multiple time steps simultaneously to improve the accuracy and robustness of the ISF. The ISF algorithm uses a discrete-time system model of a structure and the measured response to estimate the forces causing the response. The proposed algorithm, dubbed the delayed, multi-step ISF (DMISF), is compared with the original ISF and with the sum of weighted accelerations technique (SWAT) and the classical frequency domain (FD) inverse method in terms of both accuracy and sensitivity to errors in the forward system model. The SWAT and ISF algorithms are capable of estimating the forces acting on a structure in real time, or when time data is available over such a short duration that FD methods cannot be applied effectively. The new DMISF can be created from a forward system model identified by any standard modal analysis algorithm, so one can leverage expertise with a particular system identification methodology. In contrast, the previously presented ISF was derived directly from experimental data using a proscribed technique. The theory behind the algorithms is presented, after which their performance is demonstrated using laboratory test data. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation are also presented, illustrating the nature of the sensitivity of the methods to errors in the modal parameters of the forward system. The DMISF algorithm is shown to yield a stable inverse system for the structure of interest whereas the traditional ISF is unstable, and hence gives erroneous estimates of the input forces. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carne, Thomas G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr,ERB 535, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM msallen@engr.wisc.edu; tgcarne@sandia.gov RI Allen, Matthew/H-4068-2011 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.11.022 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 297BO UT WOS:000255591400002 ER PT J AU Shearer, CK Burger, PV Papike, JJ Borg, LE Irving, AJ Herd, C AF Shearer, C. K. Burger, P. V. Papike, J. J. Borg, L. E. Irving, A. J. Herd, C. TI Petrogenetic linkages among Martian basalts: Implications based on trace element chemistry of olivine SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OVERLYING SUBDUCTION ZONES; ELEPHANT MORAINE A79001; ND ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; OXYGEN FUGACITY; OXIDATION-STATE; SILICATE MELTS; LHERZOLITIC SHERGOTTITES; DIFFERENTIATION HISTORY; VALENCE OXYBAROMETER; MINERAL CHEMISTRY AB The shergottites exhibit a range of major and trace element compositions, crystallization ages, and initial Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic compositions. To constrain the physical mechanisms by which shergottites obtain their compositional characteristics, we examined the major and trace element record preserved in olivine in the more primitive shergottites. Based on such characteristics as the Mg#, V zoning, calculated D-Ni,D-Co, the olivine in Y-980459 are most likely phenoctysts. Many of these same characteristics indicate that the olivines in other shergottites are not in equilibrium with the adjacent melt. However, in most cases they are not xenocrystic, but additions of olivine from the same basaltic system. Elephant Moraine (EET) A79001 may be an exception with the olivine data suggesting that it is xenocrystic. In this case, the olivine crystallized from a reduced and LREE-depleted melt and was incorporated into an oxidized and enriched basalt. Vanadium and CaO in olivine appear to record the appearance of spinet and pyroxene on the liquidus of most of the shergottites. Most of the olivine shergottites represent basalts produced by melting of reduced (IW to IW + 1), depleted mantle sources. Olivine data indicate that many of the primary melts derived from this source had similar Ni, Co, and Mn. Shergottites such as Northwest Africa (NWA) 1110/1068 and perhaps Roberts Massif (RBT) 04261 that appear to be derived from more enriched sources have distinctly different olivine. In the case of NWA 1110/1068, the olivine data suggests that the enriched component was added to system prior to olivine crystallization. C1 [Shearer, C. K.; Burger, P. V.; Papike, J. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Borg, L. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Irving, A. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Herd, C.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Shearer, CK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cshearer@unm.edu FU Cosmochemistry program of NASA FX We wish to thank John Jones, Justin Filiberto, and associate editor Kevin Righter for their reviews of this manuscript and the lively discussions concerning the overall content of the manuscript. This manuscript was substantial improved by their contribution. This research was funded by the Cosmochemistry program (J. J. P. and L. E. B.) of NASA. We appreciate their support. NR 79 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1241 EP 1258 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 374ZV UT WOS:000261083100012 ER PT J AU Busemann, H Nguyen, AN Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Zega, TJ Kilcoyne, ALD Hoppe, P Cody, GD AF Busemann, H. Nguyen, A. N. Nittler, L. R. Stroud, R. M. Zega, T. J. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Hoppe, P. Cody, G. D. TI Primitive interplanetary dust from comet 26p/Grigg-Skjellerup (?) Diversity and similarities among Jupiter-family comets SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID 81P/WILD-2; MICROSCOPE C1 [Busemann, H.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Stroud, R. M.; Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Busemann, H.; Nguyen, A. N.; Nittler, L. R.; Cody, G. D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoppe, P.] MPI Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM h.busemann@open.ac.uk RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A30 EP A30 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100037 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JI Yang, J Kotula, PG Michael, JR Scott, ERD AF Goldstein, J. I. Yang, J. Kotula, P. G. Michael, J. R. Scott, E. R. D. TI Thermal history of IVA iron meteorites from electron microscopy of cloudy zone microstructures SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Goldstein, J. I.; Yang, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kotula, P. G.; Michael, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Scott, E. R. D.] Univ Hawaii, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jig0@ecs.umass.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A48 EP A48 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100074 ER PT J AU Heber, VS Baur, H Wieler, R Wiens, RC Burnett, DS AF Heber, V. S. Baur, H. Wieler, R. Wiens, R. C. Burnett, D. S. TI Argon, krypton, and xenon abundances in the solar wind measured in silicon from the genesis mission SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Heber, V. S.; Baur, H.; Wieler, R.] ETH, IGMR, NW C, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Wiens, R. C.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Burnett, D. S.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A53 EP A53 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100084 ER PT J AU Ishii, HA Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Chi, M Kearsley, AT Burchell, MJ Browning, ND Molster, FJ AF Ishii, H. A. Bradley, J. P. Dai, Z. R. Chi, M. Kearsley, A. T. Burchell, M. J. Browning, N. D. Molster, F. J. TI Results from the search for typical CPIDP silicates in comet 81P/wild 2 dust samples SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Ishii, H. A.; Bradley, J. P.; Dai, Z. R.; Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kearsley, A. T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Burchell, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Molster, F. J.] NWO, The Hague, Netherlands. EM hope.ishii@llnl.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015 OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A65 EP A65 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100107 ER PT J AU Makide, K Nagashima, K Krot, AN Huss, GR Hutcheon, ID Bischoff, A AF Makide, K. Nagashima, K. Krot, A. N. Huss, G. R. Hutcheon, I. D. Bischoff, A. TI Correlated measurements of oxygen and magnesium isotopes in CrCAIs: Constraints on the duration of CAI formation and evolution of oxygen isotopes in the inner solar nebula SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; SYSTEM; AL-26; METEORITES C1 [Makide, K.; Nagashima, K.; Krot, A. N.; Huss, G. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hutcheon, I. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bischoff, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100153 ER PT J AU Yang, J Goldstein, JI Michael, JR Kotula, PG Grimberg, A Leya, I AF Yang, J. Goldstein, J. I. Michael, J. R. Kotula, P. G. Grimberg, A. Leya, I. TI Tishomingo iron meteorite: A unique microstructure and thermal history SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Yang, J.; Goldstein, J. I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Michael, J. R.; Kotula, P. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Grimberg, A.; Leya, I.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM jiyang@ecs.umass.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A174 EP A174 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100326 ER PT J AU Brotherton, CM Sun, AC Davis, RH AF Brotherton, Christopher M. Sun, Amy C. Davis, Robert H. TI Computational modeling and comparison of three co-laminar microfluidic mixing techniques SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; LIVING RADICAL PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; ELECTROKINETIC INSTABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY GRADIENTS; DEVICE FABRICATION; SURFACE; MICROCHANNELS; MIXER; MICROMIXERS AB This study compares three common microfluidic mixing techniques: electroosmosis with patterned zeta potential, hydrodynamic focusing and physical constrictions. All three techniques provide a higher degree of mixing than a comparable channel without a mixer, but at the cost of higher power requirements. Of the three techniques, the electroosmotic mixer requires the greatest amount of power to produce a high degree of mixing, unless the channels are much smaller than those typical for microfluidic devices. The power requirement of the physical constriction mixer may be lowered by using multiple constrictions, with only a small loss in mixing effectiveness. The physical constriction mixer is recommended, since it has power requirements similar to the hydrodynamic focusing mixer but only requires the use of a single pump. However, if the mixing liquids contain particulates, a hydrodynamic focusing mixer may be preferred, because the physical constriction mixer may clog, depending on the particulate size. C1 [Brotherton, Christopher M.; Davis, Robert H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brotherton, Christopher M.; Sun, Amy C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, RH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.davis@colorado.edu NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10404-007-0219-7 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 303AC UT WOS:000256010500005 ER PT J AU Shukla, NN Shukla, S Prasad, R Benedek, R AF Shukla, N. N. Shukla, S. Prasad, R. Benedek, R. TI Phase stability of cation-doped LiMnO(2) within the GGA+U approximation SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-METAL MONOXIDES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; ORTHORHOMBIC LIMNO2 AB First principles density functional theory calculations within the GGA+U approximation were performed for LiMn(1-x)M(x)O(2), a candidate cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, with (x = 0.25, M = Ni, Fe, Co, Mg), to investigate the effect of doping on the destabilization of the monoclinic structure relative to the layered rhombohedral structure. A primary motivation of this work was to determine to what extent the predictions of the electronically more realistic GGA+U treatment would differ from those obtained within the GGA. Several significant qualitative changes are found. For the pristine system in the rhombohedral structure, Mn ions show a high-spin state within GGA+U, rather than the low-spin (metallic) state found in GGA. The doped rhombohedral structure is unstable within GGA+U, rather than metastable, as in GGA. In the monoclinic structure, the dopant oxidation states are the same (trivalent Fe, divalent Co, Ni) in GGA+U and GGA. Co and Ni ions show a higher spin state in GGA+U than in GGA. The divalent dopants destabilized the monoclinic structure to a greater extent than trivalent dopants within the GGA+U, as expected from previous GGA calculations. Overall, our results suggest that the relatively close agreement sometimes found between the properties calculated within the GGA and GGA+U may be misleading, because the underlying electronic behaviors may be profoundly different. C1 [Shukla, N. N.; Shukla, S.; Prasad, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Benedek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shukla, NN (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM rprasad@iitk.ac.in NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 16 IS 5 AR 055008 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/16/5/055008 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 321WX UT WOS:000257338300008 ER PT J AU Coppe, JP Boysen, M Sun, CH Wong, BJF Kang, MK Park, NH Desprez, PY Campisi, J Krtolica, A AF Coppe, Jean-Philippe Boysen, Megan Sun, Chung Ho Wong, Brian J. F. Kang, Mo K. Park, No-Hee Desprez, Pierre-Yves Campisi, Judith Krtolica, Ana TI A role for fibroblasts in mediating the effects of tobacco-induced epithelial cell growth and invasion SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-SKIN FIBROBLASTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; N-NITROSAMINES; G(1) ARREST; DNA-DAMAGE; GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CANCER; SENESCENCE AB Cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco extracts contain multiple carcinogenic compounds, but little is known about the mechanisms by which tumors develop and progress upon chronic exposure to carcinogens such as those present in tobacco products. Here, we examine the effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on human oral fibroblasts. We show that smokeless tobacco extracts elevated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA double-strand breaks in a dose-dependent manner. Extended exposure to extracts induced fibroblasts to undergo a senescence-like growth arrest, with striking accompanying changes in the secretory phenotype. Using cocultures of smokeless tobacco extracts-exposed fibroblasts and immortalized but nonturnorigenic keratinocytes, we further show that factors secreted by extracts-modified fibroblasts increase the proliferation and invasiveness of partially transformed epithelial cells, but not their normal counterparts. In addition, smokeless tobacco extracts-exposed fibroblasts caused partially transformed keratinocytes to lose the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, as well as involucrin, changes that are indicative of compromised epithelial function and commonly associated with malignant progression. Together, our results suggest that fibroblasts may contribute to tumorigenesis indirectly by increasing epithelial cell aggressiveness. Thus, tobacco may not only initiate mutagenic changes in epithelial cells but also promote the growth and invasion of mutant cells by creating a procarcinogenic stromal environment. C1 [Coppe, Jean-Philippe; Desprez, Pierre-Yves; Campisi, Judith; Krtolica, Ana] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Boysen, Megan; Sun, Chung Ho; Wong, Brian J. F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Kang, Mo K.; Park, No-Hee] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Desprez, PY (reprint author), Calif Pacific Med Ctr, 475 Brannan St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM pydesprez@cpmcri.org RI Boysen, Megan/E-2397-2011; OI Boysen-Osborn, Megan/0000-0001-6676-6429 FU NCI NIH HHS [Z01 BC010658]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01198]; NIA NIH HHS [AG09909, R37 AG009909, R37 AG009909-16, R37 AG009909-17, R37 AG009909-18, R37 AG009909-19]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE14147, K22 DE015316, K22 DE15316, R01 DE014147] NR 60 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1085 EP 1098 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0062 PG 14 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 329UK UT WOS:000257895900001 PM 18644973 ER PT J AU Hooker, JM O'Neil, JP Romanini, DW Taylor, SE Francis, MB AF Hooker, Jacob M. O'Neil, James P. Romanini, Dante W. Taylor, Scott E. Francis, Matthew B. TI Genome-free viral capsids as carriers for positron emission tomography radiolabels SO MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE virus; PET; oxime; bioconjugation; F-18 ID HYDRAZONE-FORMATION; PROTEIN CAGES; PLANT-VIRUS; BACTERIOPHAGE-MS2; NANOPARTICLES; DELIVERY; BIODISTRIBUTION; STABILIZATION; CIRCULATION; DENDRIMERS AB Purpose: We have developed a modular synthetic strategy to append imaging agents to a viral capsid. Procedures: The hollow protein shell of bacteriophage MS2 (mtMS2) was labeled on its inside surface with [F-18]fluorobenzaldehyde through a multistep bioconjugation strategy. An aldehyde functional group was first attached to interior tyrosine residues through a diazonium coupling reaction. The aldehyde was further elaborated to an alkoxyamine functional group, which was then condensed with n.c.a. [F-18]fluorobenzaldehyde. Biodistribution of the radioactive MS2 conjugates was subsequently evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: Relative to fluorobenzaldehyde, fluorine-18-labeled MS2 exhibited prolonged blood circulation time and a significantly altered excretion profile. It was also observed that additional small molecule cargo installed inside the capsids did not alter the biodistribution. Conclusions: These studies provide further insight into the pharmacokinetic behavior of nanomaterials and serve as a platform for the future development of targeted imaging and therapeutic agents based on mtMS2. C1 [Hooker, Jacob M.; Romanini, Dante W.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Neil, James P.; Taylor, Scott E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol Imaging & Neurosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Francis, Matthew B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1536-1632 J9 MOL IMAGING BIOL JI Mol. Imaging. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s11307-008-0136-5 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 316DM UT WOS:000256929100002 PM 18437498 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Lewis, LA AF Prokes, S. M. Lewis, Linda A. TI Exotic materials make an impact in forensics SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lewis, Linda A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 7 BP 651 EP 652 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 331LQ UT WOS:000258014100013 ER PT J AU Xiang, HJ Wei, SH AF Xiang, H. J. Wei, Su-Huai TI Enhanced ferromagnetic stability in Cu doped passivated GaN nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SEMICONDUCTORS; MODEL AB Density functional calculations are performed to investigate the room temperature ferromagnetism in GaN:Cu nanowires (NWs). Our results indicate that two Cu dopants are most stable when they are near each other. Compared with bulk GaN:Cu, we find that magnetization and ferromagnetism in Cu doped NWs are strongly enhanced because the bandwidth of the Cu t(d) band is reduced because of the one-dimensional nature of the NW. The surface passivation is shown to be crucial to sustain the ferromagnetism in GaN:Cu NWs. These findings are in good agreement with experimental observations and indicate that ferromagnetism in this type of systems can be tuned by controlling the size or shape of the host materials. C1 [Xiang, H. J.; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xiang, HJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Xiang, Hongjun/A-4076-2008; Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016 OI Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1825 EP 1829 DI 10.1021/nl080261n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500008 PM 18537293 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Herberg, JL Mogilevsky, G Wang, HJ Stadermann, M Holt, JK Wu, Y AF Chen, Qiang Herberg, Julie L. Mogilevsky, Gregory Wang, Hai-Jing Stadermann, Michael Holt, Jason K. Wu, Yue TI Identification of endohedral water in single-walled carbon nanotubes by H-1 NMR SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NMR; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL AB Water confinement within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been a topic of current interest, due in part to their potential nanofiltration applications. Experiments have recently validated molecular dynamics predictions of flow enhancement within these channels, although few studies have probed the detailed structure and dynamics of water in these systems. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) is a technique capable of providing some of these details, although care must be exercised in separating the confined water of interest from exterior water. By using controlled experiments with both sealed and opened SWCNTs and by providing a quantitative measure of water content through desorption experiments, a signature for confined water in SWCNTs has been positively identified. This endohedral or interior water is characterized by a relatively broad feature located at 0.0 ppm, shifted upfield relative to bulk water. With the identification of a signature for water inside SWCNTs, further studies aimed at probing water dynamics will be enabled. C1 [Herberg, Julie L.; Stadermann, Michael; Holt, Jason K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chen, Qiang; Mogilevsky, Gregory; Wang, Hai-Jing; Wu, Yue] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chen, Qiang; Mogilevsky, Gregory; Wang, Hai-Jing; Wu, Yue] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Appl & Mat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Holt, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM holt14@llnl.gov; yuewu@physics.unc.edu RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1902 EP 1905 DI 10.1021/nl080569e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500020 PM 18537295 ER PT J AU Trudeau, PE Sheldon, M Altoe, V Alivisatos, AP AF Trudeau, Paul-Emile Sheldon, Matt Altoe, Virginia Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Electrical contacts to individual colloidal semiconductor nanorods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; REACTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB We report the results of charge transport studies on single CdTe nanocrystals contacted via evaporated Pd electrodes. Device charging energy, E-c, monitored as a function of electrode separation drops suddenly at separations below similar to 55 nm. This drop can be explained by chemical changes induced by the metal electrodes. This explanation is corroborated by ensemble X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of CdTe films as well as single particle measurements by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-rays. Similar to robust optical behavior obtained when nanocrystals are coated with a protective shell, we find that a protective SiO2 layer deposited between the nanocrystal and the electrode prevents interface reactions and an associated drop in E-c,E-max. This observation of interface reactivity and its effect on electrical properties has important implications for the integration of nanocrystals into conventional fabrication techniques and may enable novel nanomaterials. C1 [Trudeau, Paul-Emile; Sheldon, Matt; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Altoe, Virginia] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Sheldon, Matthew/O-4433-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Sheldon, Matthew/0000-0002-4940-7966; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1936 EP 1939 DI 10.1021/nl080678t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500026 PM 18505301 ER PT J AU Liu, L Ryu, SM Tomasik, MR Stolyarova, E Jung, N Hybertsen, MS Steigerwald, ML Brus, LE Flynn, GW AF Liu, Li Ryu, Sunmin Tomasik, Michelle R. Stolyarova, Elena Jung, Naeyoung Hybertsen, Mark S. Steigerwald, Michael L. Brus, Louis E. Flynn, George W. TI Graphene oxidation: Thickness-dependent etching and strong chemical doping SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DEFECT-INDUCED OXIDATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BASAL-PLANE; GRAPHITE OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CHARGE-TRANSFER; NANOMETER-SIZE; SINGLE-LAYER AB Patterned graphene shows substantial potential for applications in future molecular-scale integrated electronics. Environmental effects are a critical issue in a single-layer material where every atom is on the surface. Especially intriguing is the variety of rich chemical interactions shown by molecular oxygen with aromatic molecules. We find that O-2 etching kinetics vary strongly with the number of graphene layers in the sample. Three-layer-thick samples show etching similar to bulk natural graphite. Single-layer graphene reacts faster and shows random etch pits in contrast to natural graphite where nucleation occurs at point defects. In addition, basal plane oxygen species strongly hole dope graphene, with a Fermi level shift of similar to 0.5 eV. These oxygen species desorb partially in an Ar gas flow, or under irradiation by far UV light, and readsorb again in an O-2 atmosphere at room temperature. This strongly doped graphene is very different from "graphene oxide" made by mineral acid attack. C1 [Liu, Li; Ryu, Sunmin; Stolyarova, Elena; Jung, Naeyoung; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Brus, Louis E.; Flynn, George W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Liu, Li; Ryu, Sunmin; Tomasik, Michelle R.; Stolyarova, Elena; Jung, Naeyoung; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Brus, Louis E.; Flynn, George W.] Columbia Univ, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hybertsen, Mark S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brus, LE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM leb26@columbia.edu; gwfl@coluinbia.edu RI Liu, Li/E-8959-2013; OI Liu, Li/0000-0002-4852-1580; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754 NR 56 TC 453 Z9 460 U1 30 U2 289 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1965 EP 1970 DI 10.1021/nl0808684 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500031 PM 18563942 ER PT J AU Kumara, MT Nykypanchuk, D Sherman, WB AF Kumara, Mudalige Thilak Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Sherman, William B. TI Assembly pathway analysis of DNA nanostructures and the construction of parallel motifs SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CROSSOVER MOLECULES; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR THERMODYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOTUBES; PROTEIN; DESIGN; BLM AB We present a system for analyzing the assembly pathway of DNA nanostructures. This enables the identification, explanation, and avoidance of obstacles to proper structure formation. Potential problems include strand end-pinning and misfolding caused by the structural bias of nominally flexible junctions. We have used this system to guide the construction of parallel motifs that had previously, for unknown reasons, resisted assembly. C1 [Kumara, Mudalige Thilak; Nykypanchuk, Dmytro; Sherman, William B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sherman, WB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wsherman@bnl.gov RI Sherman, William/B-4700-2008 NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1971 EP 1977 DI 10.1021/nl800907y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500032 PM 18540657 ER PT J AU Dato, A Radmilovic, V Lee, Z Phillips, J Frenklach, M AF Dato, Albert Radmilovic, Velimir Lee, Zonghoon Phillips, Jonathan Frenklach, Michael TI Substrate-free gas-phase synthesis of graphene sheets SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOSHEETS; GRAPHITE OXIDE; PLASMA; FILMS; EELS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a novel method for synthesizing graphene sheets in the gas phase using a substrate-free, atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma reactor. Graphene sheets were synthesized by passing liquid ethanol droplets into an argon plasma. The graphene sheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron diffraction. We prove that graphene can be created without three-dimensional materials or substrates and demonstrate a possible avenue to the large-scale synthesis of graphene. C1 [Dato, Albert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Radmilovic, Velimir; Lee, Zonghoon] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dato, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM amdato@me.berkeley.edu RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011; Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011 OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072 NR 33 TC 401 Z9 414 U1 23 U2 264 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2012 EP 2016 DI 10.1021/nl8011566 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500039 PM 18529034 ER PT J AU Huang, W Kuhn, JN Tsung, CK Zhang, Y Habas, SE Yang, P Somorjai, GA AF Huang, Wenyu Kuhn, John N. Tsung, Chia-Kuang Zhang, Yawen Habas, Susan E. Yang, Peidong Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Dendrimer templated synthesis of one nanometer Rh and Pt particles supported on mesoporous silica: Catalytic activity for ethylene and pyrrole hydrogenation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENCAPSULATED NANOPARTICLE PRECURSORS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; RHODIUM NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM; SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES; CLUSTERS AB Monodisperse rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles as small as similar to 1 nm were synthesized within a fourth generation polyaminoamide (PAMAM) dendrimer, a hyperbranched polymer, in aqueous solution and immobilized by depositing onto a high-surface-area SBA-15 mesoporous support. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the as-synthesized Rh and Pt nanoparticles were mostly oxidized. Catalytic activity of the SBA-15 supported Rh and Pt nanoparticles was studied with ethylene hydrogenation at 273 and 293 K in 10 torr of ethylene and 100 torr of H-2 after reduction (76 torr of H-2 mixed with 690 torr of He) at different temperatures. Catalysts were active without removing the dendrimer capping but reached their highest activity after hydrogen reduction at a moderate temperature (423 K). When treated at a higher temperature (473, 573, and 673 K) in hydrogen, catalytic activity decreased. By using the same treatment that led to maximum ethylene hydrogenation activity, catalytic activity was also evaluated for pyrrole hydrogenation. C1 [Huang, Wenyu; Kuhn, John N.; Tsung, Chia-Kuang; Zhang, Yawen; Habas, Susan E.; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Wenyu; Kuhn, John N.; Tsung, Chia-Kuang; Zhang, Yawen; Habas, Susan E.; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, PKU HKU Joint Lab Rare Earth Mat & Bioinorgan Che, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Huang, Wenyu/L-3784-2014 OI Huang, Wenyu/0000-0003-2327-7259 NR 53 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 10 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2027 EP 2034 DI 10.1021/nl801325m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500042 PM 18543977 ER PT J AU Huo, ZY Tsung, CK Huang, WY Zhang, XF Yang, PD AF Huo, Ziyang Tsung, Chia-kuang Huang, Wenyu Zhang, Xiaofeng Yang, Peidong TI Sub-two nanometer single crystal Au nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-SOLID SYNTHESIS; SILVER NANOWIRES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM WIRES; SURFACTANT; CONFINEMENT; ASSEMBLIES; MESOPHASES; COMPLEXES; GROWTH AB Ultrathin single crystal Au nanowires with diameter of similar to 1.6 nm and length of few micrometers were synthesized with high yield by simply mixing HAuCl4 and oleylamine at room temperature. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that all of these nanowires are single crystalline and grew along the [111] direction. The valency evolution of the gold species during the synthesis was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed a clear AU(3+) -> Au+ -> Au stepwise reduction at different reaction stages. Small angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray diffraction suggest mesostructure formation upon HAuCl4 and oleylamine mixing. The slow in situ reduction of this mesostructure leads to the formation of ultrathin nanowires in solution. This novel nanowire growth mechanism relies on cooperative interaction, organization, and reaction between inorganic precursor salts and oleylamine. C1 [Huo, Ziyang; Tsung, Chia-kuang; Huang, Wenyu; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tsung, Chia-kuang; Huang, Wenyu; Yang, Peidong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huo, Ziyang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiaofeng] Hitachi High Technol Amer Inc, Elect Microscope Div, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Huang, Wenyu/L-3784-2014 OI Huang, Wenyu/0000-0003-2327-7259 NR 23 TC 320 Z9 321 U1 23 U2 246 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2041 EP 2044 DI 10.1021/nl8013549 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500044 PM 18537294 ER PT J AU Martin, LW Chu, YH Holcomb, MB Huijben, M Yu, P Han, SJ Lee, D Wang, SX Ramesh, R AF Martin, Lane W. Chu, Ying-Hao Holcomb, Mikel B. Huijben, Mark Yu, Pu Han, Shu-Jen Lee, Donkoun Wang, Shan X. Ramesh, R. TI Nanoscale control of exchange bias with BiFeO3 thin films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNCOMPENSATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPINS; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3; UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; NI81FE19/COO BILAYERS; DOMAIN CONTROL; POLARIZATION; WALLS AB We demonstrate a direct correlation between the domain structure of multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films and exchange bias of Co0.9Fe0.1/BiFeO3 heterostructures. Two distinct types of interactions-an enhancement of the coercive field (exchange enhancement) and an enhancement of the coercive field combined with large shifts of the hysteresis loop (exchange bias) - have been observed in these heterostructures, which depend directly on the type and crystallography of the nanoscale (similar to 2 nm) domain walls in the BiFeO3 film. We show that the magnitude of the exchange bias interaction scales with the length of 109, ferroelectric domain walls in the BiFeO3 thin films which have been probed via piezoresponse force microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. C1 [Martin, Lane W.; Chu, Ying-Hao; Holcomb, Mikel B.; Ramesh, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, Lane W.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Ying-Hao; Holcomb, Mikel B.; Huijben, Mark; Yu, Pu; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Han, Shu-Jen; Lee, Donkoun; Wang, Shan X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Martin, LW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwmartin@lbl.gov RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011; Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014; OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513; Holcomb, Mikel/0000-0003-2111-3410 NR 38 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 14 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2050 EP 2055 DI 10.1021/nl801391m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 324GA UT WOS:000257504500046 PM 18547121 ER PT J AU Ford, AC Ho, JC Fan, ZY Ergen, O Altoe, V Aloni, S Razavi, H Javey, A AF Ford, Alexandra C. Ho, Johnny C. Fan, Zhiyong Ergen, Onur Altoe, Virginia Aloni, Shaul Razavi, Haleh Javey, Ali TI Synthesis, Contact Printing, and Device Characterization of Ni-Catalyzed, Crystalline InAs Nanowires SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crystalline InAs nanowire; Ni catalyst; high-performance transistor AB InAs nanowires have been actively explored as the channel material for high performance transistors owing to their high electron mobility and ease of ohmic metal contact formation. The catalytic growth of nonepitaxial InAs nanowires, however, has often relied on the use of Au colloids which is non-CMOS compatible. Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of crystalline InAs nanowires with high yield and tunable diameters by using Ni nanoparticles as the catalyst material on amorphous SiO(2) substrates. The nanowires show superb electrical properties with field-effect electron mobility similar to 2700 cm(2)/Vs and I(ON)/I(OFF) > 10(3). The uniformity and purity of the grown InAs nanowires are further demonstrated by large-scale assembly of parallel arrays of nanowires on substrates via the contact printing process that enables high performance, "printable" transistors, capable of delivering 5-10 mA ON currents (similar to 400 nanowires). C1 [Ford, Alexandra C.; Ho, Johnny C.; Fan, Zhiyong; Ergen, Onur; Razavi, Haleh; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ford, Alexandra C.; Ho, Johnny C.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 FU MARCO/MSD Focus Center Research Program; Intel Corporation; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was financially supported by MARCO/MSD Focus Center Research Program, Intel Corporation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and an Intel Graduate Fellowship (J.C.H.). All fabrication was performed in the UC Berkeley Microlab facility. TEM imaging was performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 37 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s12274-008-8009-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V10LU UT WOS:000207466300004 ER PT J AU Arkin, A AF Arkin, Adam TI Setting the standard in synthetic biology SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS C1 [Arkin, Adam] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 977-257, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 18 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 7 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1038/nbt0708-771 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 324BC UT WOS:000257491600020 PM 18612298 ER PT J AU Zeng, CG Kent, PRC Kim, TH Li, AP Weitering, HH AF Zeng, Changgan Kent, P. R. C. Kim, Tae-Hwan Li, An-Ping Weitering, Hanno H. TI Charge-order fluctuations in one-dimensional silicides SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CARBON NANOTUBES; DENSITY WAVE; SI(001); NANOWIRES; SURFACE; GROWTH; METALS; WIRES AB Metallic nanowires are of great interest as interconnects in nanoelectronic devices(1). They also represent important systems for understanding the complexity of electronic interactions and conductivity in one dimension(2). We have fabricated exceptionally long and uniform YSi(2) nanowires through self-assembly of yttrium atoms on Si(001). The wire widths are quantized in odd multiples of the Si substrate lattice constant. The thinnest wires represent one of the closest realizations of the isolated Peierls chain(3), exhibiting van Hove type singularities in the one-dimensional density of states and charge-order fluctuations below 150 K. The structure of the wire was determined through a detailed comparison of scanning tunnelling microscopy data and first-principles calculations. Quantized width variations along the thinnest wires produce built-in Schottky junctions, the electronic properties of which are governed by the finite size and temperature scaling of the charge-ordering correlation. This illustrates how a collective phenomenon such as charge ordering might be exploited in nanoelectronic devices. C1 [Zeng, Changgan; Weitering, Hanno H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zeng, Changgan] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Kent, P. R. C.; Kim, Tae-Hwan; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Weitering, Hanno H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeng, CG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hanno@utk.edu RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008; Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017; Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002647, R01HG002647] NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 7 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1038/nmat2209 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 318DW UT WOS:000257072800015 PM 18552849 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Wen, JS Stock, C Gehring, PM AF Xu, Guangyong Wen, Jinsheng Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. TI Phase instability induced by polar nanoregions in a relaxor ferroelectric system SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRIC-FIELD; X-RAY; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; PBTIO3; PMN AB Relaxor ferroelectrics are a special class of material that exhibit an enormous electromechanical response and are easily polarized with an external field. These properties make them attractive for applications as sensors and actuators. Local clusters of randomly oriented polarization, known as polar nanoregions (PNRs), are specific to relaxor ferroelectrics and play a key role in governing their dielectric properties. Here, we show through neutron inelastic scattering experiments that the PNRs can also significantly affect the structural properties of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-4.5% PbTiO(3) (PZN-4.5% PT). A strong interaction is found between the PNRs and the propagation of acoustic phonons. A comparison between acoustic phonons propagating along different directions reveals a large asymmetry in the lattice dynamics that is induced by the PNRs. We suggest that a phase instability induced by this PNR-phonon interaction may contribute to the ultrahigh piezoelectric response of this and related relaxor ferroelectric materials. Our results naturally explain the emergence of the various observed monoclinic phases in these systems. C1 [Xu, Guangyong; Wen, Jinsheng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Mat Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Mat Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 42 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 7 BP 562 EP 566 DI 10.1038/nmat2196 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 318DW UT WOS:000257072800020 PM 18469821 ER PT J AU Barty, A Boutet, S Bogan, MJ Hau-Riege, S Marchesini, S Sokolowski-Tinten, K Stojanovic, N Tobey, R Ehrke, H Cavalleri, A Duesterer, S Frank, M Bajt, S Woods, BW Seibert, MM Hajdu, J Treusch, R Chapman, HN AF Barty, Anton Boutet, Sebastien Bogan, Michael J. Hau-Riege, Stefan Marchesini, Stefano Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus Stojanovic, Nikola Tobey, Ra'Anan Ehrke, Henri Cavalleri, Andrea Duesterer, Stefan Frank, Matthias Bajt, Sasa Woods, Bruce W. Seibert, M. Marvin Hajdu, Janos Treusch, Rolf Chapman, Henry N. TI Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHY; GENERATION; MATTER; PULSES AB The transient nanoscale dynamics of materials on femtosecond to picosecond timescales is of great interest in the study of condensed phase dynamics such as crack formation, phase separation and nucleation, and rapid fluctuations in the liquid state or in biologically relevant environments. The ability to take images in a single shot is the key to studying non-repetitive behaviour mechanisms, a capability that is of great importance in many of these problems. Using coherent diffraction imaging with femtosecond X-ray free-electron-laser pulses we capture time-series snapshots of a solid as it evolves on the ultrafast timescale. Artificial structures imprinted on a Si3N4 window are excited with an optical laser and undergo laser ablation, which is imaged with a spatial resolution of 50 nm and a temporal resolution of 10 ps. By using the shortest available free-electron-laser wavelengths(1) and proven synchronization methods(2) this technique could be extended to spatial resolutions of a few nanometres and temporal resolutions of a few tens of femtoseconds. This experiment opens the door to a new regime of time-resolved experiments in mesoscopic dynamics. C1 [Barty, Anton; Bogan, Michael J.; Hau-Riege, Stefan; Marchesini, Stefano; Frank, Matthias; Bajt, Sasa; Woods, Bruce W.; Chapman, Henry N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boutet, Sebastien] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boutet, Sebastien; Seibert, M. Marvin; Hajdu, Janos] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Lab Mol Biophys, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus; Stojanovic, Nikola] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Tobey, Ra'Anan; Ehrke, Henri; Cavalleri, Andrea] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Duesterer, Stefan; Treusch, Rolf] DESY, Deutsches Elekt Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Barty, Anton; Chapman, Henry N.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95817 USA. [Bajt, Sasa; Chapman, Henry N.] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Cavalleri, Andrea] Univ Hamburg DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, Max Planck Res Grp Struct Dynam, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Barty, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM a.barty@llnl.gov; henry.chapman@desy.de RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Treusch, Rolf/C-3935-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Bogan, Mike/I-6962-2012; Stojanovic, Nikola/H-6986-2013; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014; Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015 OI Treusch, Rolf/0000-0001-8479-8862; Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Seibert, Mark Marvin/0000-0003-0251-0744; Bogan, Mike/0000-0001-9318-3333; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727; NR 31 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 60 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2008.128 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 333ZW UT WOS:000258193100011 ER PT J AU Frantsuzov, P Kuno, M Janko, B Marcus, RA AF Frantsuzov, Pavel Kuno, Masaru Janko, Boldizsar Marcus, Rudolph A. TI Universal emission intermittency in quantum dots, nanorods and nanowires SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE INTENSITY; BLINKING; MOLECULES; KINETICS; SUPPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; LIFETIMES; DIFFUSION AB Virtually all known fluorophores exhibit mysterious episodes of emission intermittency. A remarkable feature of the phenomenon is a power-law distribution of on- and off-times observed in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots, nanorods, nanowires and some organic dyes. For nanoparticles, the resulting power law extends over an extraordinarily wide dynamic range: nine orders of magnitude in probability density and five to six orders of magnitude in time. Exponents hover about the ubiquitous value of -3/2. Dark states routinely last for tens of seconds - practically forever on quantum mechanical timescales. Despite such infinite states of darkness, the dots miraculously recover and start emitting again. Although the underlying mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains a mystery and many questions persist, we argue that substantial theoretical progress has been made. C1 [Frantsuzov, Pavel; Janko, Boldizsar] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kuno, Masaru] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Marcus, Rudolph A.] CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Janko, Boldizsar] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Janko, B (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM bjanko@nd.edu RI Frantsuzov, Pavel/G-4295-2012; Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012 OI Frantsuzov, Pavel/0000-0002-7717-5453; NR 46 TC 295 Z9 297 U1 10 U2 108 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1038/nphys1001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 331AH UT WOS:000257984600008 ER PT J AU Hossain, MA Mottershead, JDF Fournier, D Bostwick, A McChesney, JL Rotenberg, E Liang, R Hardy, WN Sawatzky, GA Elfimov, IS Bonn, DA Damascelli, A AF Hossain, M. A. Mottershead, J. D. F. Fournier, D. Bostwick, A. McChesney, J. L. Rotenberg, E. Liang, R. Hardy, W. N. Sawatzky, G. A. Elfimov, I. S. Bonn, D. A. Damascelli, A. TI In situ doping control of the surface of high-temperature superconductors SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION AB Central to the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity is the evolution of the electronic structure as doping alters the density of charge carriers in the CuO2 planes. Superconductivity emerges along the path from a normal metal on the overdoped side to an antiferromagnetic insulator on the underdoped side. This path also exhibits a severe disruption of the overdoped normal metal's Fermi surface(1-3). Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the surfaces of easily cleaved materials such as Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta shows that in zero magnetic field the Fermi surface breaks up into disconnected arcs(4-6). However, in high magnetic field, quantum oscillations(7) at low temperatures in YBa2Cu3O6.5 indicate the existence of small Fermi surface pockets(8-18). Reconciling these two phenomena through ARPES studies of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) has been hampered by the surface sensitivity of the technique(19-21). Here, we show that this difficulty stems from the polarity and resulting self-doping of the YBCO surface. Through in situ deposition of potassium atoms on cleaved YBCO, we can continuously control the surface doping and follow the evolution of the Fermi surface from the overdoped to the underdoped regime. The present approach opens the door to systematic studies of high-temperature superconductors, such as creating new electron-doped superconductors from insulating parent compounds. C1 [Hossain, M. A.; Mottershead, J. D. F.; Fournier, D.; Hardy, W. N.; Sawatzky, G. A.; Bonn, D. A.; Damascelli, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Bostwick, A.; McChesney, J. L.; Rotenberg, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liang, R.; Hardy, W. N.; Sawatzky, G. A.; Elfimov, I. S.; Bonn, D. A.; Damascelli, A.] Univ British Columbia, AMPEL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Damascelli, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM damascelli@physics.ubc.ca RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Fournier, David/A-4667-2011; Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Hossain, Muhammed/G-3876-2012; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Hossain, Muhammed/0000-0003-1440-3161; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 30 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1038/nphys998 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 331AH UT WOS:000257984600010 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Henriksen, EA Jiang, Z Hao, Z Martin, MC Kim, P Stormer, HL Basov, DN AF Li, Z. Q. Henriksen, E. A. Jiang, Z. Hao, Z. Martin, M. C. Kim, P. Stormer, H. L. Basov, D. N. TI Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE; FERMIONS AB A remarkable manifestation of the quantum character of electrons in matter is offered by graphene, a single atomic layer of graphite. Unlike conventional solids where electrons are described with the Schrodinger equation, electronic excitations in graphene are governed by the Dirac hamiltonian(1). Some of the intriguing electronic properties of graphene, such as massless Dirac quasiparticles with linear energy - momentum dispersion, have been confirmed by recent observations(2-5). Here, we report an infrared spectromicroscopy study of charge dynamics in graphene integrated in gated devices. Our measurements verify the expected characteristics of graphene and, owing to the previously unattainable accuracy of infrared experiments, also uncover significant departures of the quasiparticle dynamics from predictions made for Dirac fermions in idealized, freestanding graphene. Several observations reported here indicate the relevance of many-body interactions to the electromagnetic response of graphene. C1 [Li, Z. Q.; Basov, D. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Henriksen, E. A.; Jiang, Z.; Kim, P.; Stormer, H. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Jiang, Z.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hao, Z.; Martin, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stormer, H. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stormer, H. L.] Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM zhiqiang@physics.ucsd.edu RI Kim, Philip/N-1886-2013; Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 NR 29 TC 635 Z9 642 U1 33 U2 225 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 532 EP 535 DI 10.1038/nphys989 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 331AH UT WOS:000257984600011 ER PT J AU Murch, KW Moore, KL Gupta, S Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Murch, Kater W. Moore, Kevin L. Gupta, Subhadeep Stamper-Kurn, Dan M. TI Observation of quantum-measurement backaction with an ultracold atomic gas SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FINESSE CAVITY; RADIATION-PRESSURE; OPTICAL CAVITY; MOTION; LIGHT; SPIN; MICROMIRROR; RESONATOR; FORCE AB Current research on micromechanical resonators strives for quantum-limited detection of the motion of macroscopic objects. Prerequisite to this goal is the observation of measurement backaction consistent with quantum metrology limits. However, thermal noise currently dominates measurements and precludes ground-state preparation of the resonator. Here, we establish the collective motion of an ultracold atomic gas confined tightly within a Fabry-Perot optical cavity as a system for investigating the quantum mechanics of macroscopic bodies. The cavity-mode structure selects a particular collective vibrational motion that is measured by the cavity's optical properties, actuated by the cavity optical field and subject to backaction by the quantum force fluctuations of this field. Experimentally, we quantify such fluctuations by measuring the cavity-light-induced heating of the intracavity atomic ensemble. These measurements represent the first observation of backaction on a macroscopic mechanical resonator at the standard quantum limit. C1 [Murch, Kater W.; Moore, Kevin L.; Gupta, Subhadeep; Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stamper-Kurn, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmsk@berkeley.edu RI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/B-5442-2015 OI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/0000-0002-4845-5835 NR 35 TC 237 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 4 IS 7 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.1038/nphys965 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 331AH UT WOS:000257984600017 ER PT J AU Hooker, JM Xu, YW Schiffer, W Shea, C Carter, P Fowler, JS AF Hooker, Jacob M. Xu, Youwen Schiffer, Wynne Shea, Colleen Carter, Pauline Fowler, Joanna S. TI Pharmacokinetics of the potent hallucinogen, salvinorin A in primates parallels the rapid onset and short duration of effects in humans SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID KAPPA-OPIOID RECEPTORS; SALVIA-DIVINORUM; RADIOTRACER; AGONIST; COCAINE; BRAIN; USERS; PLANT AB Salvia divinorum, a mint plant originally used by the Mazatecs of Oaxaca, Mexico in spiritual rituals has gained popularity, in smoked form, as a legal hallucinogen in the United States and Europe. Abuse results in rapid onset and short-lasting effects that include visual hallucinations and motor-function impairment. Salvinorin A, the psychoactive component of S. divinorum, is a uniquely potent agonist at kappa-opioid receptors, targets for new therapeutic drugs. We labeled salvinorin A with C-11 by acylation of salvinorin B with [(11)C]-acetyl chloride to study whether its kinetic behavior in the brain parallels its uniquely fast, yet brief physiological effects. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies performed in 6 adult female baboons indicated extremely rapid brain uptake reaching a peak accounting for 3.3% of the total administered dose in 40 s and clearing with a half-life of 8 min. [(11)C]-salvinorin A was distributed throughout the brain with the highest concentration in the cerebellum and a notable concentration in the visual cortex, perhaps accounting for its physiological effects when smoked. Naloxone administration did not reduce the overall concentration of [(11)C]-salvinorin A significantly nor did it change its regional distribution. Peripheral organ kinetics suggested at least two modes of metabolism and excretion occur: through the renal and biliary systems. Our findings have revealed that the exceptionally rapid uptake and brief duration of salvinorin A in the brain match the time-course of visual hallucinations for S. divinorum when smoked. The effects of salvinorin A may occur at <10 mu g in the human brain, emphasizing its remarkable potency. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hooker, Jacob M.; Xu, Youwen; Schiffer, Wynne; Shea, Colleen; Carter, Pauline; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Hooker, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooker@bnl.gov OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [1F32EB008320-01, F32 EB008320, F32 EB008320-01] NR 27 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JUL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.003 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 306TW UT WOS:000256271700031 PM 18434204 ER PT J AU Patel, VD Lee, DE Alexoff, DL Dewey, SL Schiffer, WK AF Patel, Vinal D. Lee, Dianne E. Alexoff, David L. Dewey, Stephen L. Schiffer, Wynne K. TI Imaging dopamine release with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and C-11-raclopride in freely moving animals SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE positron emission tomography (PET); awake; methamphetamine; stress; dopamine; GABA; gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; RAT STRIATUM; IN-VIVO; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; RACLOPRIDE BINDING; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; RECEPTOR OCCUPANCY AB We investigated an imaging strategy that provides simultaneous measurements of radiotracer binding and behavior in awake, freely moving animals. In this strategy, animals are injected intravenously (i. v.) through a catheterized line and permitted to move freely for 30 min during uptake of the imaging agent, in this case C-11-raclopride. After this Awake Uptake period, animals are anesthetized and scanned for 25 min. We tested the utility of this strategy for measuring changes in striatal C-11-raclopride binding under control conditions (awake and freely moving in the home cage) and with several drug challenges: a loading dose of unlabeled raclopride, pretreatment with methamphetamine (METH) or pretreatment with gamma-vinyl-GABA [S(+)-GVG] followed by METH. An additional group of animals underwent a stress paradigm that we have previously shown increases brain dopamine. For drug challenge experiments, the change in C-11-raclopride binding was compared to data from animals that were anesthetized for the uptake period ("Anesthetized Uptake") and full time activity curves were used to calculate C-11-raclopride binding. Regardless of the drug treatment protocol, there was no difference in 11C-raclopride striatum to cerebellum ratio between the Awake versus the Anesthetized Uptake conditions. Awake and Anesthetized groups demonstrated over 90% occupancy of dopamine receptors with a loading dose of cold raclopride, both groups demonstrated a similar to 30% reduction in C-11-raclopride binding from METH pretreatment and this effect was modulated to the same degree by GVG under both uptake conditions. Restraint during Awake Uptake decreased C-11-raclopride binding by 29%. These studies support a unique molecular imaging strategy in which radiotracer uptake occurs in freely moving animals, after which they are anesthetized and scanned. This imaging strategy extends the applicability of small animal PET to include functional neurotransmitter imaging and the neurochemical correlates of behavioral tasks. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Patel, Vinal D.; Lee, Dianne E.; Alexoff, David L.; Dewey, Stephen L.; Schiffer, Wynne K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lee, Dianne E.; Dewey, Stephen L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dewey, Stephen L.; Schiffer, Wynne K.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Chem Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wynne@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA15041, DA22346, K02 DA022346] NR 85 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JUL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1066 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.065 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 306TW UT WOS:000256271700032 PM 18442926 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Vaidya, A AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Vaidya, Ashwin TI On some generalizations of the second grade fluid model SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE generalized second grade fluid; constitutive relations; temperature and shear dependent viscosity; viscometric flows; continuum mechanics ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; NATURAL-CONVECTION FLOW; VARIABLE VISCOSITY; STEADY FLOWS; POROUS PLATE; GRADE FLUID; STRESS; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB In this article, we provide it brief review of some generalizations of the second grade fluid model. We discuss certain similarities between these fluids and fluids of higher grades, while also describing certain limitations of these models. The new models that we Put forth are based upon some interesting experimental results which suggest that not only call normal stress coefficients depend upon the shear rate, but that this dependency is in fact not the same rate as that of shear viscosity variation with shear rate. We then discuss some steady flows of these generalized second grade fluid models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Vaidya, Ashwin] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM mehrdad.massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1468-1218 J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-REAL JI Nonlinear Anal.-Real World Appl. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1169 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2007.02.008 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 279QA UT WOS:000254368500034 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Peterson, PF AF Zhao, Haihua Peterson, Per F. TI Multiple reheat helium Brayton cycles for sodium cooled fast reactors SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID POWER CONVERSION AB Sodium cooled fast reactors (SFR) traditionally adopt the steam Rankine cycle for power conversion. The resulting potential for water-sodium reaction remains a continuing concern which at least partly delays the SFR technology commercialization and is a contributor to higher capital cost. Supercritical CO2 provides an alternative, but is also capable of sustaining energetic chemical reactions with sodium. Recent development of advanced inert-gas Brayton cycles could potentially solve this compatibility issue, increase thermal efficiency, and bring down the capital cost sufficiently to compete directly with light water reactors. In this paper, helium Brayton cycles with multiple reheat and intercooling states are presented for SFRs with reactor outlet temperatures in the range of 510-650 degrees C. The resulting thermal efficiencies range from 39% to 47%, which is comparable with supercritical recompression CO2 cycles (SCO2 cycle). A systematic comparison between the multiple reheat helium Brayton cycle and the SCO2 cycle is given, considering compatibility issues, plant site cooling temperature effect on plant efficiency, full plant cost optimization, and other important factors. The study indicates that the multiple reheat helium cycle is the preferred choice over SCO2 cycle for sodium cooled fast reactors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhao, Haihua] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Peterson, Per F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Haihua.Zhao@inl.gov RI Zhao, Haihua/A-8852-2009 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 238 IS 7 BP 1535 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.12.002 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 316LL UT WOS:000256951000006 ER PT J AU Budny, RV Andre, R Bateman, G Halpern, F Kessel, CE Kritz, A McCune, D AF Budny, R. V. Andre, R. Bateman, G. Halpern, F. Kessel, C. E. Kritz, A. McCune, D. TI Predictions of H-mode performance in ITER SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; BURNING PLASMA; THRESHOLD DATABASE; TRANSPORT MODELS; POWER THRESHOLD; FUSION PLASMAS; CURRENT DRIVE; TOKAMAKS; JET; SIMULATION AB Time-dependent integrated predictive modelling is carried out using the PTRANSP code to predict fusion power and parameters such as alpha particle density and pressure in ITER H-mode plasmas. Auxiliary heating by negative ion neutral beam injection and ion-cyclotron heating of He(3) minority ions are modelled, and the GLF23 transport model is used in the prediction of the evolution of plasma temperature profiles. Effects of beam steering, beam torque, plasma rotation, beam current drive, pedestal temperatures, sawtooth oscillations, magnetic diffusion and accumulation of He ash are treated self-consistently. Variations in assumptions associated with physics uncertainties for standard base-line DT H-mode plasmas (with I(p) = 15 MA, B(TF) = 5.3 T and Greenwald fraction = 0.86) lead to a range of predictions for DT fusion power P(DT) and quasi-steady state fusion Q(DT) (equivalent to P(DT)/P(aux)). Typical predictions assuming P(aux) = 50-53 MW yield P(DT) = 250-720 MW and Q(DT) = 5-14. In some cases where P(aux) is ramped down or shut off after initial flat-top conditions, quasi-steady Q(DT) can be considerably higher, even infinite. Adverse physics assumptions such as the existence of an inward pinch of the helium ash and an ash recycling coefficient approaching unity lead to very low values for P(DT). Alternative scenarios with different heating and reduced performance regimes are also considered including plasmas with only H or D isotopes, DT plasmas with toroidal field reduced 10% or 20% and discharges with reduced beam voltage. In full-performance D-only discharges, tritium burn up is predicted to generate central tritium densities up to 10(16) m(-3) and DT neutron rates up to 5 x 10(16) s(-1), compared with the DD neutron rates of 6 x 10(17) s(-1). Predictions with the toroidal field reduced 10% or 20% below the planned 5.3 T and keeping the same q(98), Greenwald fraction and beta(n) indicate that the fusion yield P(DT) and Q(DT) will be lower by about a factor of two (scaling as B(3.5)). C1 [Budny, R. V.; Andre, R.; Kessel, C. E.; McCune, D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bateman, G.; Halpern, F.; Kritz, A.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Budny, RV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM budny@princeton.edu NR 62 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/7/075005 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321RQ UT WOS:000257324600007 ER PT J AU Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Mantica, P Naulin, V Rasmussen, JJ AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D. Mantica, P. Naulin, V. Rasmussen, J. J. CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Fractional diffusion models of non-local perturbative transport: numerical results and application to JET experiments SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TURBULENCE; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RANDOM-WALKS; ZONAL FLOWS; SIMULATIONS; CONFINEMENT; DYNAMICS; SHEAR AB Perturbative experiments in magnetically confined fusion plasmas have shown that edge cold pulses travel to the centre of the device on a time scale much faster than expected on the basis of diffusive transport. An open issue is whether the observed fast pulse propagation is due to non-local transport mechanisms or if it could be explained on the basis of local transport models. To elucidate this distinction, perturbative experiments involving ICRH power modulation in addition to cold pulses have been conducted in JET for the same plasma. Local transport models have found problematic the reconciliation of the fast propagation of cold pulses with the comparatively slower propagation of heat waves generated by power modulation. In this paper, a non-local model based on the use of fractional diffusion operators is used to describe these experiments. A numerical study of the parameter dependence of the pulse speed and the amplitude and phase of the heat wave is also presented. C1 [JET EFDA Contributors] Culham Sci Ctr, JET EFDA, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [del-Castillo-Negrete, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mantica, P.] CNR, ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Naulin, V.; Rasmussen, J. J.] Tech Univ Denmark, EURATOM Assoc, RISO, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Culham Sci Ctr, JET EFDA, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM delcastillod@ornl.gov RI Naulin , Volker/A-2419-2012; Rasmussen, Jens Juul/A-2757-2012; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012; OI Naulin , Volker/0000-0001-5452-9215; Rasmussen, Jens Juul/0000-0002-3543-690X; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 AR 075009 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/7/075009 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321RQ UT WOS:000257324600011 ER PT J AU Gobbin, M White, RB Marrelli, L Martin, P AF Gobbin, M. White, R. B. Marrelli, L. Martin, P. TI Resonance between passing fast ions and MHD instabilities both in the tokamak and the RFP configurations SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH; TEARING MODES; DIII-D; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; ITER AB Suprathermal ions in fusion plasmas have different confinement properties in tokamak and reversed field pinch (RFP) configurations. These differences are explained in terms of guiding centre drifts by an analytical approach. Magnetic field perturbations and passing fast ions can satisfy resonance conditions which do not hold for thermal or low energy particles. Such a resonance is controlled by a generalization for passing fast ions of the safety factor parameter. Applications to experimental situations show good agreement in predicting the radial position of the resonances in the fast ion phase space. Numerical simulations in RFP devices are qualitatively consistent with the longer confinement times of fast ions, especially in helical regimes. C1 [Gobbin, M.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.] Assoc EURATOM-ENEA, Fus Corso Stati Uniti, Consorzio RFX, I-435127 Padua, Italy. [White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Gobbin, M.; Martin, P.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys, Padua, Italy. RP Gobbin, M (reprint author), Assoc EURATOM-ENEA, Fus Corso Stati Uniti, Consorzio RFX, I-435127 Padua, Italy. RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X; White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/7/075002 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321RQ UT WOS:000257324600004 ER PT J AU Politzer, PA Petty, CC Jayakumar, RJ Luce, TC Wade, MR Deboo, JC Ferron, JR Gohil, P Holcomb, CT Hyatt, AW Kinsey, J La Haye, RJ Makowski, MA Petrie, TW AF Politzer, P. A. Petty, C. C. Jayakumar, R. J. Luce, T. C. Wade, M. R. DeBoo, J. C. Ferron, J. R. Gohil, P. Holcomb, C. T. Hyatt, A. W. Kinsey, J. La Haye, R. J. Makowski, M. A. Petrie, T. W. TI Influence of toroidal rotation on transport and stability in hybrid scenario plasmas in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL-BEAM INJECTION; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; ASDEX UPGRADE; TOKAMAKS; DISCHARGES; MOMENTUM; MODE; PROJECTIONS; OPERATION; HEAT AB We report the results of the first experiments on the DIII-D tokamak to examine the dependence of the transport and stability characteristics of ITER hybrid scenario plasmas on the toroidal flow ( or rotation) of the plasma. With the new DIII-D capability to independently vary the neutral beam torque and power, the central rotation has been reduced by as much as a factor of 4.6 compared with discharges with unidirectional beams. Although energy confinement decreases and the m/n = 3/2 NTM amplitude increases for low rotation speed, the fusion performance figure of merit, G = beta(N)H(89P)/q(95)(2), still exceeds the value required on ITER for Q(fus) = 10. These observations provide optimism about the projections of the hybrid scenario to low rotation plasmas in ITER, but they also indicate the need for a better understanding of the physics of toroidal rotation in order to project present-day results to future experiments. C1 [Politzer, P. A.; Petty, C. C.; Luce, T. C.; Wade, M. R.; DeBoo, J. C.; Ferron, J. R.; Gohil, P.; Hyatt, A. W.; Kinsey, J.; La Haye, R. J.; Petrie, T. W.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Jayakumar, R. J.; Holcomb, C. T.; Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Politzer, PA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM politzer@fusion.gat.com NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 AR 075001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/7/075001 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321RQ UT WOS:000257324600003 ER PT J AU Akerib, DS Barnes, PD Brink, PL Cabrera, B Clarke, RM Gaitskell, RJ Golwala, SR Huber, ME Kurylowicz, M Mandic, V Martinis, JM Meunier, P Mirabolfathi, N Nam, SW Perillo-Isaac, M Saab, T Sadoulet, B Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Shutt, T Smith, GW Stockwell, WK Sundqvist, KM White, S AF Akerib, D. S. Barnes, P. D., Jr. Brink, P. L. Cabrera, B. Clarke, R. M. Gaitskell, R. J. Golwala, S. R. Huber, M. E. Kurylowicz, M. Mandic, V. Martinis, J. M. Meunier, P. Mirabolfathi, N. Nam, S. W. Perillo-Isaac, M. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Shutt, T. Smith, G. W. Stockwell, W. K. Sundqvist, K. M. White, S. TI Design and performance of a modular low-radioactivity readout system for cryogenic detectors in the CDMS experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Dark Matter; WIMP; cryogenic detector; TES; phonon; ionization; CDMS ID 25 MK; IONIZATION; PHONON; GERMANIUM; SENSORS; CRYSTAL; VOLTAGE AB The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment employs ultra-cold solid-state detectors to search for rare events resulting from WIMP-nucleus scattering. An innovative detector packaging and readout system has been developed to meet the unusual combination of requirements for: low temperature, low radioactivity, low energy threshold, and large channel count. Features include use of materials with low radioactivity such as multi-layer KAPTON laminates for circuit boards; immunity to microphonic noise via a vacuum coaxial wiring design, manufacturability, and modularity. The detector readout design had to accommodate various electronic components which have to be operated in close proximity to the detector as well maintaining separate individual temperatures (ranging from 600 mK to 150K) in order to achieve optimal noise performance. The paper will describe the general electrical, thermal, and mechanical designs of the CDMS readout system, as well as presenting the theoretical and measured performance of the detector readout channels. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Saab, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, New Phys Bldg,POB 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tsaab@phys.ufl.edu RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 591 IS 3 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.103 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 328SV UT WOS:000257819000007 ER PT J AU Leonard, DS Grinberg, P Weber, P Baussan, E Djurcic, Z Keefer, G Piepke, A Pocar, A Vuilleumier, JL Vuilleumier, JM Akimov, D Bellerive, A Bowcock, M Breidenbach, M Burenkov, A Conley, R Craddock, W Danilov, M Devoe, R Dixit, M Dolgolenko, A Ekchtout, I Fairbank, W Farine, J Fierlinger, P Flatt, B Gratta, G Green, M Hall, C Hall, K Hallman, D Hargrove, C Herbst, R Hodgson, J Jeng, S Kolkowitz, S Kovalenko, A Kovalenko, D LePort, F Mackay, D Moe, M Diez, MM Neilson, R Odian, A O'Sullivan, K Ounalli, L Prescott, CY Rowson, PC Schenker, D Sinclair, D Skarpaas, K Smirnov, G Stekhanov, V Strickland, V Virtue, C Wamba, K Wodin, J AF Leonard, D. S. Grinberg, P. Weber, P. Baussan, E. Djurcic, Z. Keefer, G. Piepke, A. Pocar, A. Vuilleumier, J. -L. Vuilleumier, J. -M. Akimov, D. Bellerive, A. Bowcock, M. Breidenbach, M. Burenkov, A. Conley, R. Craddock, W. Danilov, M. DeVoe, R. Dixit, M. Dolgolenko, A. Ekchtout, I. Fairbank, W., Jr. Farine, J. Fierlinger, P. Flatt, B. Gratta, G. Green, M. Hall, C. Hall, K. Hallman, D. Hargrove, C. Herbst, R. Hodgson, J. Jeng, S. Kolkowitz, S. Kovalenko, A. Kovalenko, D. LePort, F. Mackay, D. Moe, M. Diez, M. Montero Neilson, R. Odian, A. O'Sullivan, K. Ounalli, L. Prescott, C. Y. Rowson, P. C. Schenker, D. Sinclair, D. Skarpaas, K. Smirnov, G. Stekhanov, V. Strickland, V. Virtue, C. Wamba, K. Wodin, J. TI Systematic study of trace radioactive impurities in candidate construction materials for EXO-200 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiopurity; trace analysis; neutron activation analysis; mass spectrometry; mass spectroscopy; germanium counting; alpha counting; low background; double beta decay; EXO; EXO-200 ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; URANIUM; COPRECIPITATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEAWATER; THORIUM AB The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) will search for double beta decays of Xe-136. We report the results of a systematic study of trace concentrations of radioactive impurities in a wide range of raw materials and finished parts considered for use in the construction of EXO-200, the first stage of the EXO experimental program. Analysis techniques employed, and described here, include direct gamma counting, alpha counting, neutron activation analysis, and high-sensitivity mass spectrometry. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Leonard, DS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM dleonard@bama.ua.edu RI Green, Matthew/F-3497-2011; Burenkov, Alexander/I-4323-2014; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; OI Burenkov, Alexander/0000-0002-8390-4667; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Grinberg, Patricia/0000-0002-1167-6474; Green, Matthew/0000-0002-1958-8030 NR 20 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 591 IS 3 BP 490 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.001 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 328SV UT WOS:000257819000008 ER PT J AU Wooten, HO Dudziak, DJ Hertel, NE Kornreich, DE Davis, AC AF Wooten, H. Omar Dudziak, Donald J. Hertel, Nolan E. Kornreich, Drew E. Davis, Adam C. TI Purely angular effects of photon buildup factors for thin shields of lead, iron, aluminum, and water SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS; INCOHERENT; COHERENT AB This study investigates purely angular effects on photon buildup factors for slabs with optical thickness up to 10 mean free paths. Photon buildup factors are determined for different slabs, upon which monoenergetic photons between 50 keV and 10 MeV are incident at angles between 0 and 1.48 radians. As the incident angle is increased, the physical slab thickness is reduced to maintain a constant slant-path optical thickness relative to incident photons. This method identifies previously unexplored angular relationships between slab thickness and incident angle. Coupled electron/photon cross sections are used to account for secondary photon effects of bremsstrahlung and electron binding energies. The discrete ordinates code PARTISN is used to determine angularphoton buildup factors for ten incident energies and ten incident angles for lead, iron, aluminum, and water slabs. Portions of these results are applicable to other slab geometry buildup studies. C1 [Wooten, H. Omar; Dudziak, Donald J.; Kornreich, Drew E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stockpile Complex & Modeling Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Nucl & Radiol Engn & Med Phys Dept, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Davis, Adam C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wooten, HO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stockpile Complex & Modeling Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hasani@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 296 EP 310 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 317EW UT WOS:000257003600006 ER PT J AU Kavetsky, A Yakubova, G Sychov, M Lin, Q Walter, G Chan, D Yousaf, S Socarras, H Abrefah, J Bower, K AF Kavetsky, A. Yakubova, G. Sychov, M. Lin, Q. Walter, G. Chan, D. Yousaf, S. Socarras, H. Abrefah, J. Bower, K. TI Tritium-charged capacitor SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Calculations and measurements are presented for direct capacitor charging from tritiated electrodes, efficiency in converting beta decay energy into electric current, the effect of geometry on charging current, and the dielectric engineering options/trade-offs. Experiments using 1.4 X 10(12) Bq (38 Ci) of tritium provided a 148-nA short circuit (charging) current at 5300 V of open circuit voltage, giving 160-mu W peak electrical power, with 12.5% overall efficiency. Calculations are in good agreement with the measured voltage accumulated over time for the tritium capacitor. C1 [Kavetsky, A.; Yakubova, G.; Sychov, M.; Lin, Q.; Walter, G.; Chan, D.; Yousaf, S.; Socarras, H.; Bower, K.] TRACE Photon Inc, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Abrefah, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kavetsky, A (reprint author), TRACE Photon Inc, 1680 W Polk Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM kbower@tracephotonics.com RI Sychov, Maxim/D-8373-2014 OI Sychov, Maxim/0000-0001-9736-6452 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 317EW UT WOS:000257003600008 ER PT J AU McClarren, RG Holloway, JP AF McClarren, Ryan G. Holloway, James Paul TI A quasi-linear implementation of high-resolution time integration for the P-n equations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RIEMANN SOLVERS AB We present an extension of our quasi-linear numerical method for the time-dependent spherical harmonics (P-n) equations. The extension involves adding time integration that is higher order than backward Euler, yet avoids artificial oscillations in the solution. This new approach mimics that of our previously presented quasi-linear spatial scheme in that we use a first-order step to determine in which parts of the problem we can use a high-order method. The first-order scheme we use for time integration is backward Euler, and the high-order method we implement is Crank-Nicolson. Results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness and necessity of this approach. C1 [McClarren, Ryan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp CCS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holloway, James Paul] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McClarren, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp CCS2, POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ryanmc@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 159 IS 3 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 317EW UT WOS:000257003600009 ER PT J AU Hao, Y Nitao, JJ Buscheck, TA Sun, YW AF Hao, Yue Nitao, John J. Buscheck, Thomas A. Sun, Yunwei TI Double-diffusive natural convection in a nuclear waste repository SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV DE natural convection; double diffusion; numerical analysis ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; MASS-TRANSFER; HEAT; ENCLOSURES AB In this study, we conduct a two-dimensional numerical analysis of double-diffusive natural convection in an emplacement drift for a nuclear waste repository. In-drift heat and moisture transport is driven by combined thermal- and compositional-induced buoyancy forces. Numerical results demonstrate buoyancy-driven convective flow patterns and configurations during both repository heatup and cooldown phases. It is also shown that boundary conditions, particularly on the drip-shield surface, have a strong impact on in-drift convective flow and transport. C1 [Hao, Yue; Nitao, John J.; Buscheck, Thomas A.; Sun, Yunwei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hao, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-631, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hao1@llnl.gov RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321AV UT WOS:000257277400006 ER PT J AU Sevougian, SD Jain, V Mackinnon, RJ Mattie, PD Mon, KG Bullard, BE AF Sevougian, S. David Jain, Vivek Mackinnon, Robert J. Mattie, Patrick D. Mon, Kevin G. Bullard, Bryan E. TI Implementation of localized corrosion in the performance assessment model for Yucca Mountain SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Yucca Mountain performance assessment; localized corrosion model; nuclear waste disposal AB A total system performance assessment (TSPA) model has been developed to analyze the ability of the natural and engineered barriers of the Yucca Mountain repository to isolate nuclear waste over the period following repository closure. The principal features of the engineered barrier system are emplacement tunnels (or "drifts") containing a two-layer waste package (WP)for waste containment and a titanium drip shield to protect the WP from seeping water and falling rock. The 25-mm-thick outer shell of the WP is composed of Alloy 22, a highly corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy. There are five nominal degradation modes of the Alloy 22: general corrosion, microbially influenced corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, early failure due to manufacturing defects, and localized corrosion (LC). This paper specifically examines the incorporation of the Alloy 22 LC model into the Yucca Mountain TSPA model, particularly the abstraction and modeling methodology, as well as issues dealing with scaling, spatial variability, uncertainty, and coupling to other submodels that are part of the total system model, such as the submodel for seepage water chemistry. C1 [Sevougian, S. David] Sandia Natl Labs, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. [Jain, Vivek] Shell Explorat & Prod Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Mackinnon, Robert J.; Mattie, Patrick D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mon, Kevin G.; Bullard, Bryan E.] Areva NP Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Sevougian, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1180 Town Ctr Dr,MS 423, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. EM sdsevou@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321AV UT WOS:000257277400011 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Barr, D Birkholzer, JT Chijimatsu, M Kolditz, O Liu, QS Oda, Y Wang, WQ Zhang, CY AF Rutqvist, J. Barr, D. Birkholzer, J. T. Chijimatsu, M. Kolditz, O. Liu, Quansheng Oda, Y. Wang, Wenqing Zhang, Chengyuan TI Results from an international simulation study on coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical processes near geological nuclear waste repositories SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV DE nuclear waste repository; coupled THM; numerical modeling ID DECOVALEX-III PROJECT; NEAR-FIELD SAFETY; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; PREDICTIONS; FORMULATION; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; ROCKS; DRIFT; BMT1 AB As part of the ongoing international DECOVALEX project, four research teams used five different models to simulate coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes near waste emplacement drifts of geological nuclear waste repositories. The simulations were conducted for two generic repository types, one with open and the other with back-filled repository drifts, under higher and lower postclosure temperatures, respectively. In the completed first model inception phase of the project, a good agreement was achieved between the research teams in calculating THM responses for both repository types, although some disagreement in hydrological responses is currently being resolved. In particular, good agreement in the basic thermal-mechanical responses was achieved for both repository types, even though some teams used relatively simplified thermal-elastic heat-conduction models that neglected complex near-field thermal-hydrological processes. The good agreement between the complex and simplified process models indicates that the basic thermal-mechanical responses can be predicted with a relatively high confidence level. C1 [Rutqvist, J.; Birkholzer, J. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barr, D.] Off Res Dev, US Dept Energy, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Chijimatsu, M.] Hazama Cooperat, Tokyo, Japan. [Wang, Wenqing] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. [Liu, Quansheng; Zhang, Chengyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Oda, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JRutqvist@lbl.gov RI Wang, Wenqing/B-9702-2008; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Wang, Wenqing/0000-0001-8909-6245; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321AV UT WOS:000257277400012 ER PT J AU Danko, G Birkholzer, J Bahrami, D AF Danko, G. Birkholzer, J. Bahrami, D. TI Coupled in-rock and in-drift hydrothermal model study for Yucca Mountain SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV DE permanent storage; MULTIFLUX model; nuclear waste AB A thermal-hydrologic natural-ventilation model is configured for simulating temperature, humidity, and condensate distributions in the coupled domains of the in-drift airspace and the near-field rock mass in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. The multiphysics problem is solved with MULTIFLUX, in which a lumped-parameter computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is iterated with TOUGH2. The iterative process ensures that consistent boundary conditions are used on the drift wall in both the CFD and the TOUGH2 model-elements. The CFD solution includes natural convection, conduction, and radiation for heat, as well as moisture convection and diffusion for moisture transport with half waste package-scale details in the drift. The TOUGH2 solution for the rock mass is generalized with the use of the Numerical Transport Code Functionalization technique in order to include both mountain scale heat and moisture transport in the porous and fractured rock, and fine half waste package-scale details at the drift wall. The method provides fast convergence on a personal computer computational platform. Numerical examples and comparison with a TOUGH2-based integrated model are presented. C1 [Danko, G.; Bahrami, D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Min Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Birkholzer, J.] Lawrence Berkeyley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Danko, G (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Min Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM danko@unr.edu RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 110 EP 128 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321AV UT WOS:000257277400013 ER PT J AU Birkholzer, JT Halecky, N Webb, SW Peterson, PF Bodvarsson, GS AF Birkholzer, J. T. Halecky, N. Webb, S. W. Peterson, P. F. Bodvarsson, G. S. TI A modeling study evaluating the thermal-hydrological conditions in and near waste emplacement drifts at Yucca Mountain SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV DE natural convection; fractured rock; vapor ID SATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; CONVECTION HEAT-TRANSFER; THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; POTENTIAL REPOSITORY; NUCLEAR-WASTE; TRANSPORT; SEEPAGE; TUNNELS; ROCK AB In heated drifts such as those designated for emplacement of radioactive waste at the proposed geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, temperature gradients cause natural-convection processes that may significantly influence the moisture conditions in the drifts and in the surrounding fractured rock. Large-scale convection cells in the heated drifts would provide an effective mechanism for turbulent mixing and axial transport of vapor generated from evaporation of pore water in the nearby formation. As a result, vapor would be transported from the elevated-temperature sections of the drifts into cool end sections (where no waste is emplaced), would condense there, and subsequently would drain into underlying rock units. To study these processes, we have developed a new simulation method that couples existing tools for simulating thermal-hydrological conditions in the fractured formation with a module that approximates turbulent natural convection in heated emplacement drifts. The new method simultaneously handles (a) the flow and energy transport processes in the fractured rock, (b) the flow and energy transport processes in the cavity, and (c) the heat and mass exchange at the rock-cavity interface. An application is presented studying the future thermal-hydrological conditions within and near a representative waste emplacement drift at Yucca Mountain. Particular focus is on the potential for condensation along the emplacement section, a possible result of heat output differences between individual waste packages. C1 [Birkholzer, J. T.; Halecky, N.; Bodvarsson, G. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halecky, N.; Peterson, P. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Webb, S. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Birkholzer, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 163 IS 1 BP 147 EP 164 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 321AV UT WOS:000257277400016 ER PT J AU Gans, JD Wolinsky, M AF Gans, Jason D. Wolinsky, Murray TI Improved assay-dependent searching of nucleic acid sequence databases SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION HYBRID MAP; WEB SERVER; IN-SILICO; PRIMER-DESIGN; HUMAN GENOME; PCR; PREDICTION; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPLATES; ALGORITHM AB Nucleic acid-based biochemical assays are crucial to modern biology. Key applications, such as detection of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, require detailed knowledge of assay sensitivity and specificity to obtain reliable results. Improved methods to predict assay performance are needed for exploiting the exponentially growing amount of DNA sequence data and for reducing the experimental effort required to develop robust detection assays. Toward this goal, we present an algorithm for the calculation of sequence similarity based on DNA thermodynamics. In our approach, search queries consist of one to three oligonucleotide sequences representing either a hybridization probe, a pair of Padlock probes or a pair of PCR primers with an optional TaqMan (TM) probe (i.e. in silico or 'virtual' PCR). Matches are reported if the query and target satisfy both the thermodynamics of the assay (binding at a specified hybridization temperature and/or change in free energy) and the relevant biological constraints (assay sequences binding to the correct target duplex strands in the required orientations). The sensitivity and specificity of our method is evaluated by comparing predicted to known sequence tagged sites in the human genome. Free energy is shown to be a more sensitive and specific match criterion than hybridization temperature. C1 [Gans, Jason D.; Wolinsky, Murray] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gans, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgans@lanl.gov; murray@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 AR e74 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn301 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 325HA UT WOS:000257578600039 PM 18515842 ER PT J AU Reu, PL Hansche, BD AF Reu, Phillip L. Hansche, Bruce D. TI Optical temporal frequency low-pass filtering and heterodyning with a microchannel plate SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical filtering; microchannel plate; antialiasing filter; heterodyning; optical spectrum analyzer AB A microchannel plate is demonstrated as both an optical low-pass filter and a heterodyning modulator. The frequency response function of the microchannel plate indicates it behaves as a low-pass filter. Antialiasing with the microchannel plate is demonstrated using a two-tone amplitude modulated laser beam, with the higher tone above the cutoff frequency being successfully suppressed while the frequency within the bandwidth of the filter is passed through. Selection of different commercially available phosphors controls the filtering and frequency response characteristics of the optical filter, effectively moving the cutoff frequency. By gating the microchannel plate at different frequencies, the microchannel plate can also be used analogously to a heterodyning spectrum analyzer, supplying all of the required functions of a local oscillator, mixer, and filter. c 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Reu, Phillip L.; Hansche, Bruce D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reu, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM plreu@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Thanks are extended to Gerry Stoker for supplying the microchannel plate and high-speed photodetector, and the corresponding hardware and expertise, and to Matt Banning for assisting in setting up the experiments. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 AR 074001 DI 10.1117/1.2957050 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344VA UT WOS:000258954200011 ER PT J AU Yashchuk, VV McKinney, WR AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. McKinney, Wayne R. TI Binary pseudorandom grating standard for calibration of surface profilometers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE metrology; standards; surface roughness; interference microscopy; profilometry ID CROSS-CORRELATION CHOPPER; MODULATION; INTERFEROMETRY; ROUGHNESS; ARRAYS; OPTICS AB We suggest and describe the use of a binary pseudorandom (BPR) grating as a standard test surface for measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of interferometric microscopes. Knowledge of the MTF of a microscope is absolutely necessary to convert the measured height distribution of a surface undergoing metrology into an accurate power spectral density (PSD) distribution. For an ideal microscope with an MTF function independent of spatial frequency out to the Nyquist frequency of the detector array and with zero response at higher spatial frequencies, a BPR grating would produce a flat 1-D PSD spectrum, independent of spatial frequency. For a real instrument, the MTF is found to be the square root of the ratio of the PSD spectrum measured with the BPR grating to the ideal, spatial-frequency-independent PSD spectrum. We present the results from a measurement of the MTF of a Micromap (TM)-570 interferometric microscope, demonstrating high efficiency for the calibration method. c 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKinney, Wayne R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,M-S 2r0400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VVYashchuk@lbl.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors are grateful to John Warren, Don Elliott, Abdel Isakovic, and Rolf Beuttenmuller at Brookhaven National Lab for fabrication of the BPRG test surface, and to Farhad Salmassi for measurements with an atomic force microscope. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored in part by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide liceBrookhaven Science Associates, LLCnse to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the purposes of the United States Government. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 AR 073602 DI 10.1117/1.2955798 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344VA UT WOS:000258954200008 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI Photon equation of motion with application to the electron's anomalous magnetic moment SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The photon equation of motion previously applied to the Lamb shift is here applied to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Exact agreement is obtained with the QED result of Schwinger. The photon theory treats the radiative correction to the photon in the presence of the electron rather than its inverse as in standard QED. The result is found to be first order in the photon-electron interaction rather than second order as in standard QED, introducing an ease of calculation hitherto unavailable. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ritchie@lstc.com NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 13 BP 3492 EP 3494 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.03.002 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 311BB UT WOS:000256573900016 ER PT J AU Singh, R Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Taylor, AJ Zhang, WL AF Singh, Ranjan Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Taylor, Antoinette J. Zhang, Weili TI Effect of metal permittivity on resonant properties of terahertz metamaterials SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; HOLE ARRAYS; TRANSMISSION AB We investigate the effect of metal permittivity on resonant transmission of metamaterials by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Our experimental results on double split-ring resonators made from different metals confirm the recent numerical simulations [Phys. Rev. E 65, 036622 (2002)] that metamaterials exhibit permittivity-dependent resonant properties. In the terahertz regime, the measured inductive-capacitive resonance is found to strengthen with a higher ratio of the real to the imaginary parts of metal permittivity, and this remains consistent at various metal thicknesses. Furthermore, we found that metamaterials made even from a generally poor metal become highly resonant owing to a drastic increase in the value of the permittivity at terahertz frequencies. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, WL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM weili.zhang@okstate.edu RI Singh, Ranjan/B-4091-2010; Azad, Abul/B-1163-2011; Zhang, Weili/C-5416-2011; OI Singh, Ranjan/0000-0001-8068-7428; Zhang, Weili/0000-0002-8591-0200; Azad, Abul/0000-0002-7784-7432 NR 18 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 13 BP 1506 EP 1508 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001506 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331NB UT WOS:000258017800038 PM 18594680 ER PT J AU Kahou, GAA Grigori, L Sosonkina, M AF Kahou, Guy Antoine Atenekeng Grigori, Laura Sosonkina, Masha TI A partitioning algorithm for block-diagonal matrices with overlap SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Rennes, FRANCE DE domain decomposition; multiplicative Schwarz preconditioner; GMRES; graph partitioning ID SPARSE-MATRIX; PROFILE AB We present an algorithm for partitioning a sparse matrix into a matrix that has blocks on the diagonal such that two consecutive blocks can overlap. We refer to this form of the matrix as block diagonal matrix with overlap. The partitioned matrix is suitable for applying the explicit formulation of multiplicative Schwarz (EFMS) [G.A. Atenekeng Kahou, E. Kamgnia, B. Philippe, An explicit formulation of the multiplicative Schwarz preconditioner, Journal of Applied Numerical Mathematics 57 (2007) 1197-1213] used as a preconditioner for solving a sparse unsymmetric system of linear equations Ax = b. The proposed algorithm partitions the graph of the matrix A into k parts such that every part Vi has connecting edges with at most two neighbors Vi-1 and Vi+1. First, an ordering algorithm that reduces the profile of the matrix, and an initial block-diagonal partition with overlap is obtained. Second, an iterative strategy is used to further refine the partitioning by allowing vertices to be moved between partitions. Experiments performed on real-world matrices show the usefulness of this approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kahou, Guy Antoine Atenekeng] Univ Yaounde 1, Dept Comp Sci, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Kahou, Guy Antoine Atenekeng] IRISA INRIA, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Grigori, Laura] Univ Paris 11, INRIA Futurs, Orsay, France. [Sosonkina, Masha] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kahou, GAA (reprint author), Univ Yaounde 1, Dept Comp Sci, POB 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM atenekeng@yahoo.com; Laura.Grigori@inria.fr; masha@scl.ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 6-8 BP 332 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2008.01.004 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 321LF UT WOS:000257305800004 ER PT J AU Potere, D Feierabend, N Strahler, AH Bright, EA AF Potere, David Feierabend, Neal Strahler, Alan H. Bright, Eddie A. TI Wal-Mart from space: A new source for land cover change validation SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE; MODIS; TRANSFORMATION; VEGETATION AB We introduce an event data set of the location and opening dates for 3,043 Wal-Mart stores as a means for validating land-cover change-related products at medium (28.5 m) to coarse (250 m to 1 km) resolutions throughout the conterminous United States. Strengths of the Wal-Mart validation data set include: construction within most U.S. ecoregions, building footprints greater than a hectare in size, and construction dates that span much of the remote sensing record (1962 to 2004). We built the data set by geo-coding Wal-Mart addresses, establishing opening dates, and geo-locating the footprints of 30 stores using online free high-resolution (4 m) imagery. Disturbance events were evident at 25 Wal-Marts within a single scene of the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS-beta) forest disturbance product. In addition, we found clear disturbance signals within two 16-day vegetation index time series: the 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized difference product (MOD44c) and the 1 km enhanced vegetation index product (MOD13A2). C1 [Potere, David] Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Feierabend, Neal] Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Feierabend, Neal] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Strahler, Alan H.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Potere, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, 207 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dpotere@princeton.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 7 BP 913 EP 919 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 326XD UT WOS:000257691800015 ER PT J AU Barat, K AF Barat, Ken TI Putting the whole experiment in an enclosure SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 [Barat, Ken] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Barat, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM kbarat@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTONIC SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 330UE UT WOS:000257967500011 ER PT J AU Wu, FY Wang, F AF Wu, F. Y. Wang, Fa TI Dimers on the kagome lattice I: Finite lattices SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite kagome lattice; close-packed dimers; spin-variable mapping ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS AB We report exact results on the enumeration of close-packed dimers on a finite kagome lattice with general asymmetric dimer weights under periodic and cylindrical boundary conditions. For symmetric dimer weights, the resulting dimer generating functions reduce to very simple expressions, and we show how the simple expressions can be obtained from the consideration of a spin-variable mapping. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, F. Y.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wang, Fa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Fa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, FY (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fywu@neu.edu RI Wang, Fa/D-3817-2015 OI Wang, Fa/0000-0002-6220-5349 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 16-17 BP 4148 EP 4156 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2008.02.054 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 312TE UT WOS:000256692900010 ER PT J AU Wang, F Wu, FY AF Wang, Fa Wu, F. Y. TI Dimers on the kagome lattice II: Correlations and the Grassmannian approach SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE kagome lattice; close-packed dimers; correlation function; grassmannian approach ID COMMUTING VARIABLE INTEGRALS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; COMPUTATION AB In this paper we continue our consideration of closed-packed dimers on the kagome lattice. Using the Pfaffian approach we evaluate the correlation between dimers on two lattice edges. It is found that the correlation is extremely short-ranged in the case of symmetric dimers weights. Explicit expressions for the nonvanishing correlations are obtained for two dimers in the interior of a large lattice. We also describe a Grassmannian functional integral approach, and use it to evaluate the dimer generating function and correlation functions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, F. Y.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wang, Fa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Fa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, FY (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fywu@neu.edu RI Wang, Fa/D-3817-2015 OI Wang, Fa/0000-0002-6220-5349 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 16-17 BP 4157 EP 4162 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2008.02.030 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 312TE UT WOS:000256692900011 ER PT J AU Kim, K Norton, DP Christen, DK Cantoni, C Aytug, T Goyal, A AF Kim, K. Norton, D. P. Christen, D. K. Cantoni, C. Aytug, T. Goyal, A. TI Epitaxial (La, Sr)TiO3 on textured Ni-W as a conductive buffer architecture for high temperature superconducting coated conductor SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coated conductors; buffer layers; cuprate superconductor ID CURRENT-DENSITY; YBCO FILMS; GROWTH; TAPES; SUBSTRATE; RABITS; LAYERS; TIN; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; (LA,SR)TIO3 AB The formation of epitaxial (La,Sr)TiO3 on biaxially-textured Ni-W metal alloy tape was examined as a conductive buffer layer for YBa2Cu3O7 film growth. A TiN epitaxial nucleation layer served as an effective template layer for subsequent (La,Sr)TiO3 film growth on the Ni-W tape. The TiN/(La,Sr)TiO3 multilayer was epitaxial on the Ni-W substrate as confirmed via four-circle X-ray diffraction. A high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 film was deposited epitaxially on the (La,Sr)TiO3/TiN/Ni-W tape. The YBa2-Cu3O7 film exhibited a superconducting transition temperature of 86 K and critical current density of 0.42 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, K.; Norton, D. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kim, K.; Christen, D. K.; Cantoni, C.; Aytug, T.; Goyal, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 13 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2008.04.010 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330BD UT WOS:000257913400003 ER PT J AU Teuscher, C Nemenman, I Alexander, FJ AF Teuscher, C. Nemenman, I. Alexander, F. J. TI Novel computing paradigms: Quo vadis? SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPUTATION C1 [Teuscher, C.; Nemenman, I.; Alexander, F. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3,MS-B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM christof@lanl.gov; nemenman@lanl.gov; fja@lanl.gov OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 237 IS 9 BP V EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.physd.2008.03.033 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 322DO UT WOS:000257355600001 ER PT J AU Nugent, MA Porter, R Kenyon, GT AF Nugent, M. A. Porter, R. Kenyon, G. T. TI Reliable computing with unreliable components: Using separable environments to stabilize long-term information storage SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE long-term memory; stability; nano scale; molecular scale; information storage; classification; separability; neural network; connectionist ID SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MEMORY STORAGE; RETENTION; SYNAPSES; CORTEX; SLEEP AB How, in the face of both intrinsic and extrinsic volatility, can unconventional computing fabrics store information over arbitrarily long periods? Here, we argue that the predictable structure of many realistic environments, both natural and artificial, can be used to maintain useful categorical boundaries even when the computational fabric itself is inherently volatile and the inputs and outputs are partially stochastic. As a concrete example, we consider the storage of binary classifications in connectionist networks, although the underlying principles should be applicable to other unconventional computing paradigms. Specifically, we demonstrate that an unsupervised, activity dependent plasticity rule, AHAH (Anti-Hebbian-And-Hebbian), allows binary classifications to remain stable even when the underlying synaptic weights are subject to random noise. When embedded in environments composed of separable features, the weight vector is restricted by the AHAH rule to local attractors representing stable partitions of the input space, allowing unsupervised recovery of stored binary classifications following random perturbations that leave the system in the same basin of attraction. We conclude that the stability of long-term memories may depend not so much on the reliability of the underlying substrate, but rather on the reproducible structure of the environment itself, suggesting a new paradigm for reliable computing with unreliable components. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kenyon, G. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nugent, M. A.] KnowmTech, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Porter, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kenyon, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-21,POB 1663,MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkenyon@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 237 IS 9 BP 1196 EP 1206 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2008.03.043 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 322DO UT WOS:000257355600005 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Abdallah, J Faenov, A Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY AF Colgan, J. Abdallah, J., Jr. Faenov, A. Pikuz, T. A. Skobelev, I. Yu TI MUTA calculations of a laser-produced Mg hollow atom spectrum SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; CHARGED IONS; PLASMA; RADIATION; VACANCIES; SURFACE AB A study is made of the spectra produced from a short-wavelength long-pulse ( nanosecond) laser incident on a Mg plasma. A very complex experimental spectrum is analyzed in detail by comparison with large-scale atomic kinetics calculations using the recently developed mixed-UTA ( MUTA) model. We find that the experimental spectrum appears to contain lines from many inner-shell transitions from ions ranging from neutral Mg to Li-like Mg. Lines from transitions such as 1s-31, 1s-41, and from hollow atoms ( where in this context hollow atoms refer to ions with an empty 1s shell) are observed. The inclusion of very small fractions of hot electrons is demonstrated to make significant differences to the spectra. Although it is found that the calculations do not match perfectly the experimental spectra, reasonable agreement between the experiment and the theory can be obtained if temperature and density gradients are assumed present in the experimental conditions. C1 [Colgan, J.; Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Faenov, A.] JAEA, Kansai Photon Sci Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Faenov, A.; Pikuz, T. A.; Skobelev, I. Yu] Russian Acad Sci, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow 125412, Russia. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 015302 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/78/01/015302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 333HM UT WOS:000258143600019 ER PT J AU Seyller, T Bostwick, A Emtsev, KV Horn, K Ley, L McChesney, JL Ohta, T Riley, JD Rotenberg, E Speck, F AF Seyller, Th. Bostwick, A. Emtsev, K. V. Horn, K. Ley, L. McChesney, J. L. Ohta, T. Riley, J. D. Rotenberg, E. Speck, F. TI Epitaxial graphene: a new material SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HEXAGONAL SIC-SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BILAYER GRAPHENE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; INTERFACE FORMATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; BAND-STRUCTURE; BERRYS PHASE; CORE-LEVEL AB Graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp(2)-bonded carbon arranged in a honeycomb lattice, is not only the building block of fullerenes, carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and graphite, it also has interesting properties, which have caused a flood of activities in the past few years, The possibility to grow graphitic films with thicknesses down to a single graphene layer epitaxially on SiC{0001} surfaces is promising for future applications, The two-dimensional nature of epitaxial graphene films make them ideal objects for surface science techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning probe microscopy. The present article summarizes results from recent photoemission studies covering a variety of aspects such as the growth of epitaxial graphene and few layer graphene, the electronic and structural properties of the interface to the SiC substrate, and the electronic structure of the epitaxial graphene stacks. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Seyller, Th.; Emtsev, K. V.; Ley, L.; Speck, F.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Bostwick, A.; McChesney, J. L.; Ohta, T.; Rotenberg, E.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Horn, K.; Ohta, T.] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Mol Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Riley, J. D.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RP Seyller, T (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM thomas.seyller@physik.uni-erlangen.de RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Seyller, Thomas/F-8410-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Register, CMSS/G-7191-2015 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Seyller, Thomas/0000-0002-4953-2142; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; NR 107 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 8 U2 118 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 245 IS 7 BP 1436 EP 1446 DI 10.1002/pssb.200844143 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 328VY UT WOS:000257827500019 ER PT J AU Berengut, JC Loch, SD Pindzola, MS Ballance, CP Griffin, DC Fogle, M Bannister, ME AF Berengut, J. C. Loch, S. D. Pindzola, M. S. Ballance, C. P. Griffin, D. C. Fogle, M. Bannister, M. E. TI Electron-impact ionization of B(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; ISONUCLEAR SEQUENCE; SINGLE IONIZATION; LIGHT-ELEMENTS; IONS AB Electron-impact ionization cross sections are calculated for the ground and metastable states of B(+). Comparisons between perturbative distorted-wave and nonperturbative close-coupling calculations find reductions in the direct ionization cross sections due to long-range electron correlation effects of approximately 10% for the ground state and approximately 15% for the metastable state. Previous crossed-beams experiments, with a metastable to ground ratio of between 50% and 90%, are found to be in reasonable agreement with metastable state close-coupling results. New crossed-beams experiments, with a metastable to ground ratio of only 9%, are found to be in reasonable agreement with ground state close-coupling results. Combined with previous work on neutral B and B(2+), the nonperturbative close-coupling calculations provide accurate ionization cross sections for the study of edge plasmas in controlled fusion research. C1 [Berengut, J. C.; Loch, S. D.; Pindzola, M. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ballance, C. P.; Griffin, D. C.] Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Fogle, M.; Bannister, M. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Berengut, JC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Berengut, Julian/A-1764-2010; OI Bannister, Mark E./0000-0002-9572-8154 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012704 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300123 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, James S. TI Angular distributions of antiprotons elastically and inelastically scattered by helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; CAPTURE; STATE AB Angular differential cross sections are calculated for antiprotons elastically and inelastically scattered by the helium atom. The elastic cross sections are calculated quantum mechanically using both the adiabatic potential and a phenomenological optical potential. The absorptive effects, taken into account by the optical potential, are found to significantly suppress large-angle elastic scattering. Inelastic scattering (excitation and ionization) is treated by the quasiclassical fermion molecular dynamics method. The inelastic scattering is largely in the backward direction at laboratory collision energies within similar to 30 eV of threshold, but moves to smaller angles as the energy increases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cohen@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012509 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300113 ER PT J AU Heidrich-Meisner, F Rigol, M Muramatsu, A Feiguin, AE Dagotto, E AF Heidrich-Meisner, F. Rigol, M. Muramatsu, A. Feiguin, A. E. Dagotto, E. TI Ground-state reference systems for expanding correlated fermions in one dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LATTICES; BOSONS AB We study the sudden expansion of strongly correlated fermions in a one-dimensional lattice, utilizing the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. Our focus is on the behavior of experimental observables such as the density, the momentum distribution function, and the density and spin structure factors. As our main result, we show that correlations in the transient regime can be accurately described by equilibrium reference systems. In addition, we find that the expansion from a Mott insulator produces distinctive peaks in the momentum distribution function at k approximate to +/-pi/2, accompanied by the onset of power-law correlations. C1 [Heidrich-Meisner, F.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys C, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Heidrich-Meisner, F.; Dagotto, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Heidrich-Meisner, F.; Dagotto, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rigol, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rigol, M.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Muramatsu, A.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Feiguin, A. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Microsoft Project Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Heidrich-Meisner, F (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys C, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009; Rigol, Marcos/B-3505-2008 OI Rigol, Marcos/0000-0002-5806-5873 NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013620 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013620 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300176 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, AS Kevrekidis, PG Porter, MA Frantzeskakis, DJ Schmelcher, P Bishop, AR AF Rodrigues, A. S. Kevrekidis, P. G. Porter, Mason A. Frantzeskakis, D. J. Schmelcher, P. Bishop, A. R. TI Matter-wave solitons with a periodic, piecewise-constant scattering length SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; OPTICAL LATTICES; FESHBACH RESONANCES; DARK SOLITONS; HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; SOLITARY WAVES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; POTENTIALS; TRAPS AB Motivated by recent proposals of "collisionally inhomogeneous" Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which have a spatially modulated scattering length, we study the existence and stability properties of bright and dark matter-wave solitons of a BEC characterized by a periodic, piecewise-constant scattering length. We use a "stitching" approach to analytically approximate the pertinent solutions of the underlying nonlinear Schrodinger equation by matching the wave function and its derivatives at the interfaces of the nonlinearity coefficient. To accurately quantify the stability of bright and dark solitons, we adapt general tools from the theory of perturbed Hamiltonian systems. We show that stationary solitons must be centered in one of the constant regions of the piecewise-constant nonlinearity. We find both stable and unstable configurations for bright solitons and show that all dark solitons are unstable, with different instability mechanisms that depend on the soliton location. We corroborate our analytical results with numerical computations. C1 [Rodrigues, A. S.] Univ Porto, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias, CFP, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Kevrekidis, P. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Porter, Mason A.] Univ Oxford, Math Inst, Oxford Ctr Ind & Appl Math, Oxford OX1 3LB, England. [Frantzeskakis, D. J.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Zografos 15784, Greece. [Schmelcher, P.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Schmelcher, P.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodrigues, AS (reprint author), Univ Porto, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias, CFP, R Campo Alegre 687, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. RI Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014; OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937; Rodrigues, Augusto/0000-0002-6921-9284 NR 83 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013611 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300167 ER PT J AU Rosa, FSS Mendes, TNC Tenorio, A Farina, C AF Rosa, F. S. S. Mendes, T. N. C. Tenorio, A. Farina, C. TI Spontaneous emission of an atom near a wedge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PERFECTLY CONDUCTING WEDGE; CASIMIR DENSITIES; RADIATION; FLUCTUATIONS; SYSTEM; TIME AB It is a well known fact that the presence of material bodies in the vicinity of an atom affects its interaction with the always present quantized electromagnetic field. In this paper, we focus on how the spontaneous-emission rate of a given excited atom is altered when this atom is placed inside a perfectly conducting wedge. We begin by briefly presenting the formalism upon which our calculations are founded, proceeding then to a long but straightforward calculation of the transition rate. We present results for a general atom, but, for the sake of simplicity, we narrow them down to an effective two-level system in our numerical investigations. The oscillatory pattern for the spontaneous-emission rate of the atom as we vary its relative position to the wedge as well as the phenomenon of suppression are shown by a few graphs. C1 [Rosa, F. S. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mendes, T. N. C.] Univ Fed Fluminense, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Tenorio, A.] Univ Fed Fluminense, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Farina, C.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Rosa, FSS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tenorio, Andre/N-9975-2013 OI Tenorio, Andre/0000-0003-2907-9624 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012105 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300035 ER PT J AU Santamore, DH Timmermans, E AF Santamore, D. H. Timmermans, Eddy TI Fermion-mediated interactions in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HE3 ATOMS; TEMPERATURES; ZERO AB We develop a diagrammatic perturbation treatment to calculate the zero-temperature equation of state of the dilute gas mixture of a single spin component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and a normal Fermi gas of indistinguishable (single spin) fermion particles. We find that the mean-field description breaks down near the mechanical instability related to the phase separation phenomenon. Our analysis shows that the instability is caused by the competition of the usual short-range and fermion-mediated boson-boson interactions, which result in a boson compressibility that diverges. In the low BEC-density limit, we show that the diagrammatic analysis simplifies, we sum part of the higher-order diagrams, and we discuss the effects of other higher-order contributions. C1 [Santamore, D. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Santamore, D. H.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Timmermans, Eddy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Santamore, DH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T 4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013619 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300175 ER PT J AU Schoffler, MS Kreidi, K Akoury, D Jahnke, T Staudte, A Neumann, N Titze, J Schmidt, LPH Czasch, A Jagutzki, O Fraga, RAC Grisenti, RE Smolarski, M Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL Osipov, T Adaniya, H Lee, S Thompson, JC Prior, MH Belkacem, A Weber, T Landers, A Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Schoeffler, M. S. Kreidi, K. Akoury, D. Jahnke, T. Staudte, A. Neumann, N. Titze, J. Schmidt, L. Ph. H. Czasch, A. Jagutzki, O. Fraga, R. A. Costa Grisenti, R. E. Smolarski, M. Ranitovic, P. Cocke, C. L. Osipov, T. Adaniya, H. Lee, S. Thompson, J. C. Prior, M. H. Belkacem, A. Weber, Th. Landers, A. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Doerner, R. TI Photo-double-ionization of H(2): Two-center interference and its dependence on the internuclear distance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; ION MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; RECOIL-ION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ABOVE-THRESHOLD; HELIUM; HE AB We investigate photo-double-ionization of H(2) by circular polarized photons at h nu=160 eV. The previously observed two-center interference pattern in the angular distribution of the electron sum momentum is shown to depend strongly on the internuclear distance and the summed electron momenta. C1 [Schoeffler, M. S.; Kreidi, K.; Akoury, D.; Jahnke, T.; Staudte, A.; Neumann, N.; Titze, J.; Schmidt, L. Ph. H.; Czasch, A.; Jagutzki, O.; Fraga, R. A. Costa; Grisenti, R. E.; Smolarski, M.; Schmidt-Boecking, H.; Doerner, R.] Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Kreidi, K.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Akoury, D.; Osipov, T.; Adaniya, H.; Lee, S.; Prior, M. H.; Belkacem, A.; Weber, Th.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Cocke, C. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Thompson, J. C.; Landers, A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Schoffler, MS (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max Von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM doerner@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013414 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300151 ER PT J AU Xu, S Crawford, CW Rochester, S Yashchuk, V Budker, D Pines, A AF Xu, Shoujun Crawford, C. W. Rochester, Simon Yashchuk, Valeriy Budker, Dmitry Pines, Alexander TI Submillimeter-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at the Earth's magnetic field with an atomic magnetometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; MRI; NMR AB Magnetic resonance imaging in the Earth's magnetic field is achieved using a sensitive atomic magnetometer for detection. We demonstrate images with a submillimeter resolution by recording the flow of two water paths meeting at a T-shaped mixer. The high homogeneity of the Earth's field allows the use of weak gradient fields which circumvent the concomitant-field effect. To distinguish the two input channels, we employed selective polarization, which is a unique and noninvasive labeling method for low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Our technique imposes minimal physical constraints on the object under study, in contrast to conventional high-field magnetic resonance imaging. This technique is applicable for microfluidic imaging in laboratory-on-a-chip devices. C1 [Rochester, Simon; Budker, Dmitry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Shoujun; Crawford, C. W.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Budker, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM budker@berkeley.edu; pines@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013404 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300141 ER PT J AU Bevan, KH Kienle, D Guo, H Datta, S AF Bevan, K. H. Kienle, D. Guo, H. Datta, S. TI First-principles nonequilibrium analysis of STM-induced molecular negative-differential resistance on Si(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; CAPACITANCE; SILICON; SURFACE; MONOLAYERS; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; ATOM AB We report on theoretical investigations of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)- induced molecular negative-differential resistance (NDR) on heavily p-type doped Si(100). Calculations are performed using the density functional theory (DFT) local density approximation (LDA) within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. The nonequilibrium Hamiltonian is determined self-consistently for molecules on a Si(100) substrate and below a Pt(100) STM tip. We investigate in detail the nonequilibrium conditions which are likely to produce electronic p-type resonant NDR. The discussion is divided into two parts. First, we discuss STM distance dependence and its relation to p-type resonant NDR. It is shown that under high bias conditions electron tunneling is dominated by tunneling near the top of the vacuum barrier thereby preventing resonant NDR at large STM imaging distances. Second, we discuss the self-consistent bias profile and its effect on p-type NDR. It is shown that molecular charging effects may prevent the highest occupied molecular orbital from passing the silicon electrochemical potential, though bistable effects beyond the self-consistent NEGF-LDA method cannot be ruled out. C1 [Bevan, K. H.; Datta, S.] Purdue Univ, NSF, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kienle, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Guo, H.] McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Guo, H.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Bevan, KH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, NSF, Network Computat Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kbevan@purdue.edu RI Guo, Hong/A-8084-2010 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.035303 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YU UT WOS:000258190300079 ER PT J AU Bosak, A Hoesch, M Antonangeli, D Farber, DL Fischer, I Krisch, M AF Bosak, Alexey Hoesch, Moritz Antonangeli, Daniele Farber, Daniel L. Fischer, Irmengard Krisch, Michael TI Lattice dynamics of vanadium: Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEGABAR PRESSURES; PHONON-DISPERSION; NIOBIUM; ANOMALIES; TANTALUM; METAL; NB AB We measured the phonon dispersions in vanadium along the principal symmetry directions using inelastic x-ray scattering. Our data complement previous results derived from thermal diffuse scattering and clearly reveal several phonon-dispersion anomalies, as well as pronounced variations of the phonon widths. Electronic structure calculations, more specifically, an analysis in terms of Fermi-surface spanning vectors allow the qualitative association of these anomalies with the topology of the Fermi surface, thus highlighting the importance of electron-phonon coupling. C1 [Bosak, Alexey; Hoesch, Moritz; Fischer, Irmengard; Krisch, Michael] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Antonangeli, Daniele; Farber, Daniel L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Antonangeli, Daniele] Univ Paris 06, Inst Phys Globe, CNRS, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses,UMR 7590, F-75005 Paris, France. [Antonangeli, Daniele] Univ Paris 07, F-75005 Paris, France. [Farber, Daniel L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bosak, A (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Boite Postale 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; BOSAK, Alexei/J-7895-2013; OI Hoesch, Moritz/0000-0002-0114-2110 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 020301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.020301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200003 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Batista, CD Mostovoy, MV Khomskii, DI AF Bulaevskii, L. N. Batista, C. D. Mostovoy, M. V. Khomskii, D. I. TI Electronic orbital currents and polarization in Mott insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICAL HEISENBERG; SPIN CHIRALITY; MODEL; FERROELECTRICITY; MULTIFERROICS; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FLUCTUATIONS; LATTICE AB Strongly correlated electron insulators are one of the most important classes of materials in modern solid-state physics. We demonstrate that certain classes of Mott insulators, that usually are geometrically frustrated, exhibit unexpected charge effects: for certain spin textures, spontaneous circular electric currents or nonuniform charge distribution exist in the ground state of Mott insulators. In addition, low-energy "magnetic" states contribute comparably to the dielectric and magnetic response functions, epsilon(ik)(omega) and mu(ik)(omega), leading to interesting phenomena such as dipole-active ESR transitions, rotation of the electric-field polarization, and resonances which may be common to both functions producing a negative refraction index in a window of frequencies. C1 [Bulaevskii, L. N.; Batista, C. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Khomskii, D. I.] Univ Loughborough, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Mostovoy, M. V.] Univ Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Khomskii, D. I.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Khomskii, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 41 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024402 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200061 ER PT J AU Camley, RE McGrath, BV Khivintsev, Y Celinski, Z Adam, R Schneider, CM Grimsditch, M AF Camley, R. E. McGrath, B. V. Khivintsev, Y. Celinski, Z. Adam, Roman Schneider, Claus M. Grimsditch, M. TI Effect of cell size in calculating frequencies of magnetic modes using micromagnetics: Special role of the uniform mode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Using the time evolution of the dynamic magnetization, we study the frequencies of spin excitations in small ferromagnetic bars with particular attention to the uniform mode. The calculation is done using micromagnetics, and the frequency of various modes is found as a function of the cell size used in the calculation. We find that the uniform mode and some standing spin-wave modes are relatively insensitive to changes in the cell size. In contrast, edge modes and corner modes show significant frequency changes as the cell size is changed in the micromagnetics calculation. These results justify the use of micromagnetics with larger cells to estimate the frequency of the uniform mode of micronsized magnetic bars. A comparison of experiment and theory shows that the micromagnetics estimate is significantly better than the usual Kittel formula with effective demagnetizing factors; however appreciable differences remain. C1 [Camley, R. E.; McGrath, B. V.; Khivintsev, Y.; Celinski, Z.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Magnetism & Magnet Nanostruct, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Solid State Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Grimsditch, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Camley, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Magnetism & Magnet Nanostruct, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RI Khivintsev, Yuri/K-3286-2012; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012 OI Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024425 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200084 ER PT J AU Capolungo, L Beyerlein, IJ AF Capolungo, L. Beyerlein, I. J. TI Nucleation and stability of twins in hcp metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; ALLOY SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION TWINS; TWINNING DISLOCATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MG ALLOYS; ZIRCONIUM AB We propose a three-dimensional model for twin nucleation in hcp materials based on the nonplanar dissociation of the leading dislocation in a pile-up of < a > slip dislocations. Continuum linear elastic dislocation theory is used to calculate the change in free energy with extension of the dissociated configuration, consisting of a stair rod and glissile twinning dislocation loops. The model is applied to Mg, which deforms primarily by basal slip, and to Zr, which deforms primarily by prismatic slip. It is found that dissociations from an isolated < a > slip dislocation are energetically unable to produce a stable twin fault loop, at least larger than 2r(0), the core width of the initial < a > slip dislocation. For some reactions, dissociations of the lead dislocation in a basal or prismatic dislocation pile-up can, however, lead to a stable and sizable twin loop. In these, the loop size is found to increase with decreasing twin boundary energy and increasing number of dislocations in the pile-up. C1 [Capolungo, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beyerlein, I. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Capolungo, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Jing/B-1421-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 57 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 024117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024117 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YT UT WOS:000258190200044 ER EF