FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Knox, AS Paller, MH Reible, DD Ma, XM Petrisor, IG AF Knox, Anna Sophia Paller, Michael H. Reible, Danny D. Ma, Xingmao Petrisor, Ioana G. TI Sequestering agents for active caps - Remediation of metals and organics SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE rock phosphate; zeolite; organoclay; biopolymer; active caps; contaminants; sediments ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BARRIER SYSTEMS; BIOACCUMULATION; CLINOPTILOLITE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SORBENTS; SORPTION; CARBON; WATER AB This research evaluated organoclays, zeolites, phosphates, and a biopolymer as sequestering agents for inorganic and organic contaminants. Batch experiments were conducted to identify amendments and mixtures of amendments for metal and organic contaminant removal and retention. Contaminant removal was evaluated by calculating partitioning coefficients. Metal retention was evaluated by desorption studies in which residue from the removal studies was extracted with 1 M MgCl2 solution. The results indicated that phosphate amendments, some organoclays, and the biopolymer, chitosan, were very effective sequestering agents for metals in fresh and salt water. Organoclays were very effective sorbents for phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene. Partitioning coefficients for the organoclays were 3000-3500 L g(-1) for benzo(a)pyrene, 400-450 L g(-1) for pyrene, and 50-70 L g(-1) for phenanthrene. Remediation of sites with a mixture of contaminants is more difficult than sites with a single contaminant because metals and organic contaminants have different fate and transport mechanisms in sediment and water. Mixtures of amendments (e.g., organoclay and rock phosphate) have high potential for remediating both organic and inorganic contaminants under a broad range of environmental conditions, and have promise as components in active caps for sediment remediation. C1 [Knox, Anna Sophia; Paller, Michael H.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Reible, Danny D.; Ma, Xingmao] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Petrisor, Ioana G.] DPRA Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Knox, AS (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM anna.knox@srnl.doe.gov OI Ma, Xingmao/0000-0003-4650-2455 FU U. S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER 1501]; SRNL's Mini-Sabbatical Program FX This research was supported wholly by the U. S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under project ER 1501. Additionally, the manuscript preparation was supported by the SRNL's Mini-Sabbatical Program. Performers of this project would like to thank to all commercial companies for supplying sequestering agents. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 516 EP 532 DI 10.1080/15320380802306610 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 341BM UT WOS:000258689200006 ER PT J AU Akbari, H Levinson, R Stern, S AF Akbari, Hashem Levinson, Ronnen Stern, Stephanie TI Procedure for measuring the solar reflectance of flat or curved roofing assemblies SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE cool roofs; solar reflectance; roof tiles; pyranometer; albedometer; solar spectrum reflectometer; spectrometer; albedo; E1918 ID ENERGY SAVINGS; BUILDINGS AB The widely used methods to measure the solar reflectance of roofing materials include ASTM standards E903 (spectrometer), C 1549 (reflectometer), and E1918 (pyranometer). Standard E903 uses a spectrometer with an integrating sphere to measure the solar spectral reflectance of an area approximately 0.1 cm(2). The solar spectral reflectance is then weighted with a solar spectral irradiance to calculate the solar reflectance. Standard C1549 uses a reflectometer to measure the solar reflectance of an area approximately 5 cm(2). Both E903 and C1549 are best suited to measurement of the solar reflectance of flat, homogeneous surfaces. Standard E1918 uses a pyranometer to measure the solar reflectance of an area approximately 10 m(2), and is best applied to large surfaces that may also be rough and/or non-uniform. We describe a technique that uses a pyranometer to measure the solar reflectance of a uniform or variegated sample with diffusely reflective surface of an area of approximately 1 m(2), and use this technique (referred to as E1918A) to measure the solar reflectances of low- and high-profile tile assemblies. For 10 large (10 m 2) tile assemblies whose E1918 solar reflectances ranged from 0.10 to 0.50, the magnitude of the difference between the E1918A and E1918 measurements did not exceed 0.02 for unicolor assemblies, and did not exceed 0.03 for multicolor assemblies. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Akbari, Hashem; Levinson, Ronnen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stern, Stephanie] Cool Roof Rating Council, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM H_Akbari@LBL.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2008 VL 82 IS 7 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2008.01.001 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 316WJ UT WOS:000256980100007 ER PT J AU Weiss, JD Kaplar, RJ Kambour, KE AF Weiss, Jonathan D. Kaplar, Robert J. Kambour, Kenneth E. TI A derivation of the van der Pauw formula from electrostatics SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE van der Pauw technique; electrostatics boundary-value problem; resistivity measurement ID CONTACT SIZE; RESISTIVITY; PLACEMENT AB The van der Pauw formula for determining the electrical resistivity of an irregularly-shaped material was derived by him with the help of conformal mapping and is inherently two-dimensional. Thus, it is valid in the limiting case of a sample of infinitesimal thickness. In this paper, we demonstrate how the same formula can be derived from classical electrostatics for a rectangular sample of non-zero thickness which is allowed to approach zero. The calculation is carried out with the current probes at two adjacent corners and the voltage probes at the other two. In addition, the effects of non-ideality, particularly non-zero thickness and non-point contact voltage and current probes, are examined using the analytic formulation derived here and a semiconductor device code. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiss, Jonathan D.; Kaplar, Robert J.; Kambour, Kenneth E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weiss, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdweiss@sandia.gov; rjkapla@sandia.gov; kkambow@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2007.07.029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 255ZB UT WOS:000252696100017 ER PT B AU Somerday, BP San Marchi, C AF Somerday, B. P. San Marchi, C. BE Walker, G TI Hydrogen containment materials SO SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE: MATERIALS AND CHEMISTRY SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EMBRITTLEMENT; PERMEATION; TRANSPORT; METALS; STEEL; FRACTURE; VESSELS; STORAGE; ALLOYS; GROWTH C1 [Somerday, B. P.; San Marchi, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Somerday, BP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9402, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bpsomer@sandia.gov NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 270 4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2008 BP 51 EP 81 DI 10.1533/9781845694944.1.51 D2 10.1533/9781845694944 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BOM86 UT WOS:000277029000004 ER PT J AU Dedrick, DE AF Dedrick, D. E. BE Walker, G TI Solid-state hydrogen storage system design SO SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE: MATERIALS AND CHEMISTRY SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL HYDRIDE BEDS; EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; EXPANDED GRAPHITE; MASS-TRANSFER; PACKED-BEDS; COMPACTS; MATRIX; ALLOYS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dedrick, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dededri@sandia.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 270 4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2008 BP 82 EP 103 DI 10.1533/9781845694944.1.82 D2 10.1533/9781845694944 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BOM86 UT WOS:000277029000005 ER PT S AU Schmitt, RL Dot, BT AF Schmitt, Randal L. Dot, Binh T. BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, NH Shori, RK TI Design and performance of a high-repetition-rate single-frequency Yb : YAG microlaser - art. no. 687105 SO SOLID STATE LASERS XVII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVII CY JAN 20-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE microlaser; microchip laser; passively Q-switched; Yb : YAG; Cr4+: YAG; diode-pumped; nanosecond ID Q-SWITCHED LASERS; SOLID-STATE LASERS; MICROCHIP LASER; SATURABLE-ABSORBER; OPTIMIZATION; PULSES; OUTPUT AB We describe the design and performance of a high-repetition-rate single-frequency passively Q-switched Yb:YAG microlaser operating near 1030 nm. By using short cavity length, an intracavity Brewster polarizer, and an etalon output coupler, we are able to produce similar to 1-ns-long single-frequency pulses at repetition rates up to 19 kHz without shot-to-shot mode hopping. The laser's output spatial mode is TEM00 and its pulse energy varies between 31 mu J and 47 mu J depending on repetition rate. Its peak optical-to-optical efficiency is 22%. C1 [Schmitt, Randal L.; Dot, Binh T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schmitt, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7046-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6871 BP 87105 EP 87105 DI 10.1117/12.764745 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ84 UT WOS:000255549800005 ER PT S AU Schrader, PE Feve, JP Farrow, RL Kliner, DAV Schmitt, RL Do, BT AF Schrader, Paul E. Feve, Jean-Philippe Farrow, Roger L. Kliner, Dahv A. V. Schmitt, Randal L. Do, Binh T. BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, NH Shori, RK TI Power scaling of fiber-based amplifiers seeded with microchip lasers - art. no. 68710T SO SOLID STATE LASERS XVII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVII CY JAN 20-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE fiber amplifier; fiber laser; double-clad fiber; mode filtering; microlaser; nonlinear optics; four-wave mixing ID MODE-AREA FIBERS; PEAK-POWER; DOPED FIBER; PULSES; DESIGN; ENERGY AB We summarize the performance of mode-filtered, Yb-doped fiber amplifiers seeded by microchip lasers with nanosecond-duration pulses. These systems offer the advantages of compactness, efficiency, high peak power, diffraction-limited beam quality, and widely variable pulse energy and repetition rate. We review the fundamental limits on pulsed fiber amplifiers imposed by nonlinear processes, with a focus on the specific regime of nanosecond pulses. Different design options for the fiber and the seed laser are discussed, including the effects of pulse duration, wavelength, and linewidth. We show an example of a microchip-seeded, single-stage, single-pass fiber amplifier that produced pulses with 1.1 MW peak power, 0.76 mJ pulse energy, smooth temporal and spectral profiles, diffraction-limited beam quality, and linear polarization. C1 [Schrader, Paul E.; Farrow, Roger L.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schrader, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7046-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6871 BP T8710 EP T8710 DI 10.1117/12.778388 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ84 UT WOS:000255549800026 ER PT S AU Coltrin, ME Tsao, JY Ohno, Y AF Coltrin, Michael E. Tsao, Jeffrey Y. Ohno, Yoshi BE Li, JM Fan, YB Wu, L Zhang, YH Coltrin, ME Zhao, YW Chen, NF Andreev, VM Singh, J TI Limits on the maximum attainable efficiency for solid-state lighting - art. no. 684102 SO SOLID STATE LIGHTING AND SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lighting and Solar Energy Technologies CY NOV 12-14, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc DE solid-state lighting; light-emitting diodes; lighting; energy efficiency; color mixing; semiconductor optoelectronics; phosphors ID LASER-DIODES; HIGH-POWER; LUMINOUS EFFICACY; LAMPS AB Artificial lighting for general illumination purposes accounts for over 8% of global primary energy consumption. However, the traditional lighting technologies in use today, i.e., incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps, are not very efficient, with less than about 25% of the input power being converted to useful light. Solid-state lighting is a rapidly evolving, emerging technology whose efficiency of conversion of electricity to visible white light is likely to approach 50% within the next years. This efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional lighting technologies, with the potential to enable a marked reduction in the rate of world energy consumption., There is no fundamental physical reason why efficiencies well beyond 50% could not be achieved, which could enable even greater world energy savings. The maximum achievable luminous efficacy for a solid-state lighting source depends on many different physical parameters, for example the color rendering quality that is required, the architecture employed to produce the component light colors that are mixed to produce white, and the efficiency of light sources producing each color component. In this article, we discuss in some detail several approaches to solid-state lighting and the maximum luminous efficacy that could be attained, given various constraints such as those listed above. C1 [Coltrin, Michael E.; Tsao, Jeffrey Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coltrin, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7016-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6841 BP 84102 EP 84102 DI 10.1117/12.758767 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BHM30 UT WOS:000254257600001 ER PT S AU Koleske, DD Coltrin, ME Lee, SR Thaler, G Cross, KC Russell, MJ AF Koleske, Daniel D. Coltrin, Michael E. Lee, Stephen R. Thaler, Gerald Cross, Karen C. Russell, Michael J. BE Li, JM Fan, YB Wu, L Zhang, YH Coltrin, ME Zhao, YW Chen, NF Andreev, VM Singh, J TI Understanding GaN nucleation layer evolution on sapphire and its impact on GaN dislocation density - art. no. 68410H SO SOLID STATE LIGHTING AND SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lighting and Solar Energy Technologies CY NOV 12-14, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc DE desorption; decomposition; nucleation; optical reflectance; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; group-III nitrides ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; BUFFER LAYER; IN-SITU; THERMAL-TREATMENT; GROWTH; SURFACE; DECOMPOSITION; REFLECTANCE; COALESCENCE AB For improved GaN films on sapphire, GaN nucleation layers (NLs) are typically grown prior to high temperature growth. Using optical reflectance and AFM image analysis we have uncovered mechanistic details of GaN NL evolution during the ramp to high temperature. As the temperature is increased the NL decomposes and GaN nuclei form. We will demonstrate that the GaN nuclei are formed from gas phase Ga atoms generated during the NL decomposition which recombine with ambient NH3. Continued GaN growth on these nuclei results in GaN films with dislocation densities as low as 4x10(8) cm(-2). We will show how the NL decomposition kinetics can be extracted from the optical reflectance waveforms and used to control the nuclei formation and growth. More recently we have investigated possible correlations between the GaN nucleation density and the resultant film dislocation density. We have initiated studies of ultra-low (<10(7) cm(-2)) nucleation densities on sapphire using multi-step NL growth and annealing schemes. We find that over a wide range of nucleation densities that the nucleation density scales quadratically with the NL thickness. The dependence of the dislocation density on the nucleation density is currently being explored. C1 [Koleske, Daniel D.; Coltrin, Michael E.; Lee, Stephen R.; Thaler, Gerald; Cross, Karen C.; Russell, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7016-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6841 BP H8410 EP H8410 DI 10.1117/12.758766 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BHM30 UT WOS:000254257600014 ER PT J AU Taylor, RJ Sinkov, SI Choppin, GR May, I AF Taylor, R. J. Sinkov, S. I. Choppin, G. R. May, I. TI Solvent extraction behavior of neptunium (IV) ions between nitric acid and diluted 30% tri-butyl phosphate in the presence of simple hydroxamic acids SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE formohydroxamic acid; acetohydroxamic acid; Advanced Purex; distribution coefficient; stability constant; actinide separations ID NUCLEAR-FUEL; BENZOHYDROXAMIC ACID; ORGANIC EXTRACTANTS; IRRADIATED FUELS; COMPLEXING POWER; FLOWSHEETS; SEPARATION; PLUTONIUM AB Formo- and aceto-hydroxamic acids are very effective reagents for stripping tetravalent actinide ions such as Np(IV) and Pu(IV) ions from a tri-butyl phosphate phase into nitric acid. Distribution data for Np(IV) in the presence of these hydroxamate ions have now been accumulated and trends established. Stability constants for aceto-hydroxamate complexes of Np(IV) and Np(V) ions have also been determined in a perchlorate medium, and these reaffirm the affinity of hydroxamate ligands for actinide (IV) ions over actinyl (V,VI) ions. C1 [Taylor, R. J.] Nexia Solutions, British Technol Ctr, Seascale CA20 1PG, England. [Sinkov, S. I.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Choppin, G. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [May, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C IIAC, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Taylor, RJ (reprint author), Nexia Solutions, British Technol Ctr, Seascale CA20 1PG, England. EM j.taylor@nexiasolutions.com NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1080/07366290701784159 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 251EP UT WOS:000252354400004 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Briand, A Jensen, MP Thiyagarajan, P AF Chiarizia, R. Briand, A. Jensen, M. P. Thiyagarajan, P. TI Sans study of reverse micelles formed upon the extraction of inorganic acids by TBP in n-octane SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE third phase formation; small angle neutron scattering; tri-n-butyl phosphate ID 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; 3RD-PHASE FORMATION; SURFACE-ADHESION; DODECANE SYSTEM; HARD-SPHERES; BAXTER MODEL; 3RD-PHASE-FORMATION; AGGREGATION; INTERFACE AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data for n-octane solutions of TBP loaded with progressively larger amounts of HNO(3), HClO(4), H(2)SO(4), and H(3)PO(4) up to and beyond the LOC (limiting organic concentration of acid) condition, were interpreted using the Baxter model for hard spheres with surface adhesion. The coherent picture of the behavior of the TBP solutions derived from the SANS investigation discussed in this paper confirmed our recently developed model for third phase formation. This model analyses the features of the scattering data in the low Q region as arising from van der Waals interactions between the polar cores of reverse micelles. Our SANS data indicated that the TBP micelles swell when acid and water are extracted into their polar core. The swollen micelles have critical diameters ranging from 15 to 22 angstrom, and polar core diameters between 10 and 15 angstrom, depending on the specific system. At the respective LOC conditions, the TBP weight-average aggregation numbers are similar to 4 for HClO(4), similar to 6 for H(2)SO(4), similar to 7 for HCl, and similar to 10 for H(3)PO(4). The comparison between the behavior of HNO(3), a non-third phase forming acid, and the other acids provided an explanation of the effect of the water molecules present in the polar core of the micelles on third phase formation. The thickness of the lipophilic shell of the micelles indicated that the butyl groups of TBP lie at an angle of similar to 25 degrees relative to a plane tangent to the micellar core. The critical energy of intermicellar attraction, U(r), was about -2k(B)T for all the acids investigated. This value is the same as that reported in our previous publications on the extraction of metal nitrates by TBP, confirming that the same mechanism and energetics are operative in the formation of a third phase, independent of whether the chemical species extracted are metal nitrate salts or inorganic acids. C1 [Chiarizia, R.; Jensen, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thiyagarajan, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Briand, A.] Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, Paris, France. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chiarizia@anl.gov RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 333 EP 359 DI 10.1080/07366290802182394 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 327OT UT WOS:000257739100001 ER PT J AU Fiskum, SK Arm, ST Steele, MJ Thorson, MR AF Fiskum, Sandra K. Arm, Stuart T. Steele, Marilyn J. Thorson, Murray R. TI Spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde performance testing with Hanford tank waste SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE resorcinol-formaldehyde; SuperLig-644; ion exchange; Hanford tank waste; cesium removal ID CESIUM REMOVAL; RESIN AB The efficacy of a new spherically engineered form of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin was tested for cesium removal on two actual Hanford tank wastes. Small-scale processing was conducted according to the River Protection Project-Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant flowsheet in a lead-lag column format. The RF resin processed 95 bed volumes (BVs) of high potassium-bearing waste (AP-101) and >200BVs of a high complexant-bearing waste (AN-102) before reaching 50% cesium breakthrough. Elution with 0.5M nitric acid was effective and complete after processing 16 BVs. Cesium and other analyte fractionations to the process stream effluent and eluate were evaluated. The RF resin resulted in very little metal and radionuclide fractionation, other than cesium, to the eluate. The spent resins were measured for most analytes relevant to land-disposal requirements. The actinide concentrations on the spent resins were <3% of the transuranic waste limit; the residual cesium concentrations were <4mCi/kg; chromium was the only metal, regulated by the Resource Conservation Recovery Act, that was measured in quantities significant to land-disposal regulations. C1 [Fiskum, Sandra K.; Arm, Stuart T.; Steele, Marilyn J.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. [Thorson, Murray R.] Washington Grp Int, Richland, WA USA. RP Fiskum, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battefield Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sandy.fiskum@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 435 EP 452 DI 10.1080/07366290802182691 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 327OT UT WOS:000257739100006 ER PT J AU Bevelhimer, MS Stevenson, DJ Giffen, NR Ravenscroft, K AF Bevelhimer, Mark S. Stevenson, Dirk J. Giffen, Neil R. Ravenscroft, Kara TI Annual surveys of larval Ambystoma cingulatum reveal large differences in dates of pond residency SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FLATWOODS SALAMANDERS AB Effective sampling of pond-dwelling larval stages of the federally listed Ambystoma cingulatum (Flatwoods Salamander) requires sufficient knowledge of when larvae are present and how best to sample them. Through systematic sampling with active and passive sampling techniques, we found dipnetting to be significantly more effective than three types of passive traps. During surveys for Flatwoods Salamander larvae at Fort Stewart Military Installation, GA in 2005 and 2006, we found that pond residency varied by at least 1.5 months between the 2 years due to the timing of pond filling. In addition, our latest capture on 23 May 2005 was about 2 weeks later than previously recorded at any site range-wide. A simple growth model was used to evaluate likely hatching dates based on significant rain events, observed sizes at capture, and likely growth rates. This analysis suggested that the primary dates of hatching occurred in late February 2005 and early January 2006, a difference that corresponds to that seen in the residency of the latest larval stages. A review of the survey records for Fort Stewart for the past 13 years shows a steep decline in the number of occupied ponds from near 20 to a single pond for the past two years (the only documented breeding success in a natural pond since 1999). C1 [Bevelhimer, Mark S.; Giffen, Neil R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.] Ft Stewart Wildlife Management Branch, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. RP Bevelhimer, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bevethimerms@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[311:ASOLAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317SH UT WOS:000257039500010 ER PT J AU Todd, BD Willson, JD Winne, CT Gibbons, JW AF Todd, Brian D. Willson, John D. Winne, Christopher T. Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI Aspects of the ecology of the Earth Snakes (Virginia valeriae and V-striatula) in the Upper Coastal Plain SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; PLACENTAE; ABUNDANCE; SQUAMATA; HABITATS; CAROLINA; QUALITY; EGGS AB Relatively little is known about the ecology and population biology of Virginia striatula (Rough Earth Snake) and Virginia valeriae (Smooth Earth Snake), especially in the southeastern portion of their geographic ranges. We studied populations of the two species on the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC from 1971 to 2007. We found sexual size dimorphism in both species, in which females were longer and heavier than males, but had relatively shorter tails. Overall, Rough Earth Snakes were longer and heavier than Smooth Earth Snakes, but maximum sizes of both species were smaller on the SRS than at other localities from which data are reported. Additionally, all gravid female Smooth Earth Snakes that we captured on the SRS were smaller than their reported size at sexual maturity from other parts of their range. Seasonal activity of Smooth Earth Snakes peaked in May and October, but both Smooth Earth Snakes and Rough Earth Snakes were frequently captured during all warm months. Distinct age classes in the two species were not readily apparent other than several neonates that we captured. We strongly encourage future studies to determine growth rates, longevity, and minimum size at sexual maturity of earth snakes in the Southeast. C1 [Todd, Brian D.; Willson, John D.; Winne, Christopher T.; Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM btodd@uga.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[349:AOTEOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317SH UT WOS:000257039500014 ER PT J AU Luhring, TM AF Luhring, Thomas M. TI "Problem Species" of the Savannah River Site, such as Brimley's Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brimleyi), demonstrate the hidden biodiversity concept on an intensively studied government reserve SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MONITORING PROGRAMS AB After more than five decades of intensive research on a wide variety of reptiles and amphibians at the Savannah River Site, the known occurrence of some members of the herpetofauna remains unresolved. One such "problem species," Pseudacris brimleyi (Brimley's Chorus Frog), was recently found for the first time in over 50 years. The rediscovery of this cryptic species shows how the concept of hidden biodiversity not only applies to the general public, but to the scientific community as well. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Luhring, TM (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM luhring@srel.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 371 EP 373 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[371:PSOTSR]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317SH UT WOS:000257039500017 ER PT J AU Byrne, MW Davie, EP Gibbons, JW AF Byrne, Michael W. Davie, Emily P. Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Occurrence in Eurycea cirrigera SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATION DECLINES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; AMPHIBIANS; INFECTION; SALAMANDERS; AUSTRALIA; BULLFROG; REPTILES; DISEASE; TOAD AB Several pathogens affect amphibians, but a chytridiomycete fungus, Batracho chytrium dendrobatidis, is of particular interest because this pathogen is linked to localized amphibian population declines and extinction of species. Species-specific infections and pathogen distribution are poorly understood, particularly in members of Caudata. We found B. dendrobatidis in adult Eurycea cirrigera (Southern Two-lined Salamander), a species not previously reported as susceptible to this fungal pathogen, and this report is the first record of B. dendrobatidis occurrence in Alabama. C1 [Byrne, Michael W.; Davie, Emily P.] Natl Pk Serv, SE Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network, St Marys, GA 31558 USA. [Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Byrne, MW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, SE Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network, POB 806, St Marys, GA 31558 USA. EM Michael_W_Byrne@nps.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.551 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357XA UT WOS:000259879300014 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Kapermck, RJ Dixon, DD Amin, BW Marcille, TF AF Poston, David I. Kapermck, Richard J. Dixon, David D. Amin, Benjamin W. Marcille, Thomas F. BE ElGenk, MS TI Reference reactor module for the affordable fission surface power system SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boening Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshal Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface fission power; lunar power AB Surface fission power systems on the Moon and Mars may provide the first US application of fission reactor technology in space since 1965. The requirements of many surface power applications allow the consideration of systems with much less development risk than most other space reactor applications, because of modest power (10s of kWe) and no driving need for minimal mass (allowing temperatures <1000 K). The Affordable Fission Surface Power System (AFSPS) study was completed by NASA/DOE to determine the cost of a modest performance, low-technical risk surface power system. This paper describes the reference AFSPS reactor module concept, which is designed to provide a net power of 40 kWe for 8 years on the lunar surface; note, the system has been designed with technologies that are fully compatible with a Martian surface application. The reactor concept uses stainless-steel based, UO2-fueled, liquid metal-cooled fission reactor coupled to free-piston Stirling converters. The reactor shielding approach utilizes both in-situ and launched shielding to keep the dose to astronauts much lower than the natural background radiation on the lunar surface. One of the important "affordability" attributes is that the concept has been designed to minimize both the technical and programmatic safety risk. C1 [Poston, David I.; Kapermck, Richard J.; Dixon, David D.; Amin, Benjamin W.; Marcille, Thomas F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900033 ER PT S AU Werner, J Mason, L AF Werner, James Mason, Lee BE ElGenk, MS TI An affordable test approach for lunar Fission Surface Power Systems SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE nuclear; space; test; fast; reactors AB Safety, performance and affordability are the key drivers for the design selection of a Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) and planning for an affordable test approach. An affordable reactor power system can be built by leveraging the design and operating experience of similar reactor and power conversion systems. The reactor technology considered for such a system must represent relatively low technology risk. That is, the materials, fuels, components and operating levels must be drawn from similar systems that have current operating experience and can be easily demonstrated with minimal technology development effort. The operational experience and significant database for the performance of the material, fuel and components are key to developing an affordable test approach. An objective in designing an affordable reactor and associated test approach is to avoid an extensive fuel and reactor technology qualification effort and, instead, rely on existing databases and experience wherever practical. Likewise, limiting the operating temperatures and radiation levels for the materials and components to conservative levels where high confidence exists in its operating performance is essential. The objective of this paper is to describe a test approach for a lunar fission surface power system that is affordable and yet adequately provides the safety and performance data needed to design and qualify such a system for operation on the lunar soil. C1 [Werner, James] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Mason, Lee] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Werner, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07- 99ID13727] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Science and Technology,Division of Radioisotope Power Systems, under Contract No. DE-AC07- 99ID13727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900036 ER PT S AU Kapemick, RJ Dixon, DD AF Kapemick, Richard J. Dixon, David D. BE ElGenk, MS TI Comparison of methods for evaluating nuclear thermal propulsion tie-tube designs SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boening Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshal Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE nuclear thermal propulsion; NTP; core nuclear; mechanical and thermal design AB One of the fundamental structural components in a nuclear thermal rocket design is the tie tube. Proper cooling and flow modeling is important both for the structural integrity of the reactor core and for proper design of downstream components that operate on the hydrogen exiting the tie tube. Two models have been developed. The first is a spreadsheet-based tool designed for sizing tie-tube components, considering mechanical stress and strain limits, deposited moderator power, thermal expansion along the flow path, and conduction from adjacent fuel blocks. The second is a three-dimensional SINDA/FLUINT model used as a benchmark, containing a complete finite-element fuel block and a 1/6(th) tie-tube model. This paper discusses the performance of both models, as well as the advantages and limitations of each. C1 [Kapemick, Richard J.; Dixon, David D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kapemick, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 430 EP 438 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900050 ER PT S AU Barklay, CD Howe, JY Kramer, DP AF Barklay, Chadwick D. Howe, Jane Y. Kramer, Daniel P. BE ElGenk, MS TI Investigation of stress rupture tested neutron irradiated tantalum alloys SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE tantalum; T-111; radiation ID SLIP AB Irradiation of metals with high-energy particles produces nano-scale defects that act as obstacles to dislocation glide. This paper presents the effects of low-level neutron radiation on the stress rupture and microstructural properties of two tantalum alloys, Ta-10%W and Ta-8%W-2%Hf (T-111), which have been used to encapsulate radioactive fuel for space Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS). Ta-10%W and T-111 test specimens were exposed to a neutron fluence level (1.2 x 10(15) nvt) at temperatures less than <0.2 T-m, which is equivalent to the cumulative fluence associated with the 30-year mission life of a RPS. This fluence level results in an atomic displacement damage of approximately 3.0 x 10(-7) dpa in both alloys. The atomic displacement damage produces an approximate two-order of magnitude increase in the stress rupture time, and a two-order of magnitude reduction in steady state creep rate. These observations are statistically significant at the 0.05 significance level. Transmission electron microscopy of rupture specimens reveals that the interaction of the irradiation produced defects with a(o)/2 < 111 > screw dislocations results in a five-fold increase in dislocation density and a pronouncement of the ordering of dislocations into mosaic patterns of cellular or subgranular arrangements. The results of this research are significant because they provide a basic understanding of the strength mechanisms in two tantalum alloys (Ta-10%W and T-111) resulting from neutron irradiation at temperatures <0.2 T-m. C1 [Barklay, Chadwick D.; Kramer, Daniel P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Howe, Jane Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barklay, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chadwick.barklay@udri.udayton.edu RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies; High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle; LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Office of Nuclear Energy; US Department of Energy [DE-FG07-05ID14642]; University of Dayton Research Institute FX This research was sponsored in part by: The Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725; and the Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy, under grant DE-FG07-05ID14642 with the University of Dayton Research Institute NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 439 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900051 ER PT S AU Weitzberg, A Wright, S AF Weitzberg, Abraham Wright, Steven BE ElGenk, MS TI Space reaction launch safety - An acceptably low risk SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space power reactor; launch approval; risk assessment; safety analysis AB Results from previous space reactor and radioisotope power source risk assessments were combined to provide a scoping assessment of the possible risks from the launch of a reactor power system for use on the surface of the moon or Mars. It is assumed that future reactor power system launches would be subject to the same rigorous safety analysis and launch approval process as past nuclear payload launches. Using the same methodology that has gained approval of past launches, it was determined that the mission risk would be 0.029 person-rem worldwide which translates to 1.5*10(-5) latent health effects. It is seen that the only significant sources of radiological risks from a non-operating reactor are possible inadvertent criticality accidents and the consequences of such events have been shown to be extremely low. Passive means such as spectral shift poisons or high reactor core length/diameter ratios have been shown to be able to reduce or eliminate the possibility of the more credible criticality accidents, such as flooding or sand burial. This paper advances the premise that, for design purposes, future space reactor surface-power designs should primarily address the credible accidents and not the hypothetical accidents. For launch accidents and other safety assessments, a probabilistic risk assessment approach will have to be used to assess the safety impact of all types of accidents, including the hypothetical accidents. With this approach, the design of the system will not be burdened with design features that are based on hypothetical criticality accidents having negligible risk. Moreover, there is little chance of convincingly demonstrating that these design features can substantially reduce or eliminated the risk associated with hypothetical criticality accidents. C1 [Weitzberg, Abraham; Wright, Steven] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weitzberg, A (reprint author), 5711 Como Circle, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA. EM aweitzberg@comcast.net NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 446 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900052 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Hensen, DL AF Lipinski, Ronald J. Hensen, Danielle L. BE ElGenk, MS TI Criticality calculations for step-2 GFHS modules SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE RTG; MMRTG; radioisotope thermoelectric generator; criticality; launch safety AB The Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) will use an improved version of the General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) module as its source of thermal power. This new version, referred to as the Step-2 GPHS Module, has additional and thicker layers of carbon fiber material (Fine Weaved Pierced Fabric) for increased strength over the original GPHS module. The GPHS uses alpha decay Of Pu-238 in the oxide form as the primary source of heat, and small amounts of other actinides are also present in the oxide fuel. Criticality calculations have been performed by previous researchers on the original version of the GPHS module (Step 0). This paper presents criticality calculations for the present Step-2 version. The Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended code (MCNPX) was used for these calculations. Numerous configurations of GPHS module arrays surrounded by wet sand and other materials (to reflect the neutrons back into the stack with minimal absorption) were modeled. For geometries with eight GPHS modules (from a single MMRTG) surrounded by wet sand, the configuration is extremely sub-critical; k(eff) is about 0.3. It requires about 1000 GPHS modules (from 125 MMRTGs) in a close-spaced stack to approach criticality (k(eff) = 1.0) when surrounded by wet sand. The effect of beryllium in the MMRTG was found to be relatively small. C1 [Lipinski, Ronald J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hensen, Danielle L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Risk & Reliabil Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjlipin@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy; Office of Space; Defense Power Systems of the Department of Energy; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors wish to thank Lyle Rutger and Bob Wiley of the Department of Energy for their steadfast support. This work was supported the Office of Space and Defense Power Systems of the Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 452 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900053 ER PT S AU Dobranich, D Blanchat, TK AF Dobranich, Dean Blanchat, Thomas K. BE ElGenk, MS TI Large-scale testing and high-fidelity simulation capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories to support space power and propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE thermal qualification; simulation; full-scale fire tests; uncertainty quantification AB Sandia National Laboratories, as a Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, has major responsibility to ensure the safety and security needs of nuclear weapons. As such, with an experienced research staff, Sandia maintains a spectrum of modeling and simulation capabilities integrated with experimental and large-scale test capabilities. This expertise and these capabilities offer considerable resources for addressing issues of interest to the space power and propulsion communities. This paper presents Sandia's capability to perform thermal qualification (analysis, test, modeling and simulation) using a representative weapon system as an example demonstrating the potential to support NASA's Lunar Reactor System. C1 [Dobranich, Dean] Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & React Proc Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Blanchat, Thomas K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dobranich, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & React Proc Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 549 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900065 ER PT S AU Bennett, GL Lombardo, JJ Hemler, RJ Silverman, G Whitmore, CW Amos, WR Johnson, EW Zocher, RW Hagan, JC Englehart, RW AF Bennett, Gary L. Lombardo, James J. Hemler, Richard J. Silverman, Gil Whitmore, C. W. Amos, Wayne R. Johnson, E. W. Zocher, Roy W. Hagan, James C. Englehart, Richard W. BE ElGenk, MS TI The General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator: A truly general-purpose space RTG SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM STAIF 2008 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2008) CY FEB 10-14, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM SP Boening Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Sandia Natl Labs, NASA Marshal Space Flight Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, US Dept Energy HO Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator; Galileo; Ulysses; Cassini; new horizon; Jupiter; Saturn; sun; Pluto AB The General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (GPHS-RTG) was developed for the originally planned International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM). [ISPM would later, with the elimination of the NASA spacecraft, become the Ulysses mission.] At 300 We beginning-of-life (BOL) power, the GPHS-RTG was the most powerful RTG with the highest specific power (5.3 We/kg) of any space RTG. These improved performance attributes of the GPHS-RTG made it attractive for use on the Galileo mission. Subsequently, the GPHS-RTG was selected to power the Cassini spacecraft, which is currently orbiting Saturn, and the New Horizons spacecraft which is on its way to Pluto. Truly, the GPHS-RTG is a "general-purpose" space RTG. C1 [Bennett, Gary L.; Lombardo, James J.] US DOE, Emmett, ID 83617 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0486-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 969 BP 663 EP 671 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL11 UT WOS:000253969900077 ER PT S AU Chen, X Settersten, TB Radi, PP Kouzov, AP AF Chen, X. Settersten, T. B. Radi, P. P. Kouzov, A. P. BE Gigosos, MA Gonzalez, MA TI Two-Color Resonant Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy: New Perspectives for Direct Studies of Collisional State-to-State Transfer SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES VOL 15 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Valladolid, SPAIN SP Junta Castilla Leon, Minist Educ & Ciencia, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Minist Asunto Exter, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambiental, Fund Univ Castill Leon, Univ Vallladolid, Ayuntamiento Valladolid, Oficina Congres Valladolid DE non-linear optics; state-to-state rates ID OH AB The two-color resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) is advertised as a unique spectroscopic device enabling one to directly measure the collisional state-to-state transfer characteristics (rates and correlation times). In contrast to the laser-induced fluorescence, these characteristics are phase-sensitive and open wider opportunities to study the rotational relaxation processes. Further perspectives are offered by the recently recorded collision-induced picosecond TC-RFWM signals of OH. Their quantitative interpretation is now under development. C1 [Chen, X.; Settersten, T. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Radi, P. P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Kouzov, A. P.] St Peterburg State Univ, VA Fock Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009; OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258; Kouzov, Alexander/0000-0002-9035-8916 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences; Biosciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Swiss Federal Office of Energy; Swiss National Foundation FX Funding for X. Chen and T.B. Settersten was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Funding for P.P. Radi is provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and the Swiss National Foundation. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0588-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1058 BP 128 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIN38 UT WOS:000261043100033 ER PT S AU Welser-Sherrill, L Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Tommasini, R Haan, SW Haynes, DA Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ Delettrez, JA Marshall, FJ Regan, SP Smalyuk, VA AF Welser-Sherrill, L. Mancini, R. C. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Tommasini, R. Haan, S. W. Haynes, D. A. Golovkin, I. E. MacFarlane, J. J. Delettrez, J. A. Marshall, F. J. Regan, S. P. Smalyuk, V. A. BE Gigosos, MA Gonzalez, MA TI Spectroscopic study of temperature and density spatial profiles and mix in implosion cores SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES VOL 15 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Valladolid, SPAIN SP Junta Castilla Leon, Minist Educ & Ciencia, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Minist Asunto Exter, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambiental, Fund Univ Castill Leon, Univ Vallladolid, Ayuntamiento Valladolid, Oficina Congres Valladolid DE inertial confinement fusion; x-ray spectroscopy ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; BETA LINE; PLASMA; OMEGA; SATELLITES; GRADIENTS; OPACITY AB New techniques of x-ray spectroscopy have been developed to extract the temperature and density spatial structure of implosion cores. Results from an emissivity analysis, which neglects optical depth effects, compare well with the independent results of an intensity analysis used in the low optical depth limit. The intensity analysis has also been applied in its full form, in which case density spatial profiles demonstrate significant opacity effects. The emissivity and intensity analyses were combined to infer the spatial profile of mixing between shell and fuel material. This experimentally-derived information on mix is compared with predictions from two standard theoretical mix models. C1 [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Haynes, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koch, J. A.; Izumi, N.; Tommasini, R.; Haan, S. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Golovkin, I. E.; MacFarlane, J. J.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Delettrez, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; Regan, S. P.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Welser-Sherrill, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU DOE-NLUF [DE-FG52-2005NA26012, DE-FG03-03SF22696]; LLNL FX The development of this work was supported by DOE-NLUF grants DE-FG52-2005NA26012 and DE-FG03-03SF22696 and LLNL. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0588-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1058 BP 199 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIN38 UT WOS:000261043100054 ER PT J AU Mancal, T Valkunas, L Rea, EL Engel, GS Calhoun, TR Fleming, GR AF Mancal, Tomas Valkunas, Leonas Rea, Elizabeth L. Engel, Gregory S. Calhoun, Tessa R. Fleming, Graham R. TI Electronic coherence transfer in photosynthetic complexes and its signatures in optical spectroscopy SO SPECTROSCOPY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE electronic coherence; coherence transfer; relaxation dynamics; photosynthetic complexes; optical spectroscopy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DYNAMICS; EQUATIONS; FORSTER; SYSTEMS AB Effects of electronic coherence transfer after photoexcitation of excitonic complexes and their manifestation in optical spectroscopy are discussed. A general excitonic model Hamiltonian is considered in detail to elucidate the origin of energy relaxation in excitonic complexes. We suggest that the second-order quantum master equation for the reduced density matrix of electronic degrees of freedom provides the most suitable theoretical framework for the study of coherence transfer in photosynthetic bacteriochlorophyll complexes. Temperature dependence of the absorption band maximum of a simple excitonic dimer is interpreted in terms of coherence transfer between two excited states. The role of reorganization energy of the transitions in the magnitude of the effect is discussed. A large reorganization energy difference between the two states is found to induce significant band shift. The predictions of the theory are compared to experimental measurements of the bacterial reaction center absorption spectra of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. As an example of a time-dependent spectroscopic method sensitive to coherences and possibly to their transfer, we present recent two-dimensional photon echo measurements of energy relaxation in the so-called Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex of Chlorobium tepidum, where distinct oscillatory patters predicted to be signatures of electronic coherence have been observed. C1 [Mancal, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. [Valkunas, Leonas] Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Phys, LT-232600 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Valkunas, Leonas] Vilnius State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Rea, Elizabeth L.; Engel, Gregory S.; Calhoun, Tessa R.; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rea, Elizabeth L.; Engel, Gregory S.; Calhoun, Tessa R.; Fleming, Graham R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mancal, T (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. EM mancal@karlov.mff.cuni.cz RI Engel, Gregory/C-1108-2012; Mancal, Tomas/B-9688-2014 OI Engel, Gregory/0000-0002-6740-5243; Mancal, Tomas/0000-0003-1736-3054 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0712-4813 J9 SPECTROSC-INT J JI Spectr.-Int. J. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.3233/SPE-2008-0334 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 305RF UT WOS:000256194800012 ER PT S AU Suzuki, Y Nelson-Cheeseman, B Wong, F Chopdekar, R Arenholz, E AF Suzuki, Yuri Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany Wong, Franklin Chopdekar, Rajesh Arenholz, Elke BE Razeghi, M Drouhin, HJM Wegrowe, JE TI Hybrid magnetic tunnel junction/spin filter device SO SPINTRONICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spintronics Conference 2008 CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCITATION; PHASE AB Surfaces and interfaces of complex oxides materials provide a rich playground for the exploration of novel magnetic properties not found in the bulk but also the development of functional interfaces to be incorporated into applications. We have recently been able to demonstrate a new type of hybrid spin filter/magnetic tunnel junction. Our hybrid spin-filter/magnetic-tunnel junction devices are epitaxial oxide junctions of La0:7Sr0:3MnO3 and Fe3O4 electrodes with magnetic NiMn2O4 barrier layers. Depending on whether the barrier is in a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic state, the junction exhibits magnetic tunnel junction behavior where the spin polarized conduction is dominated by the electrode-barrier interface or spin filter behavior where conduction is dominated by barrier layer magnetism. C1 [Suzuki, Yuri; Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany; Wong, Franklin; Chopdekar, Rajesh] LBNL, UC Berkeley Mat Sci Div, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), LBNL, UC Berkeley Mat Sci Div, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009 OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7256-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7036 AR 70360U DI 10.1117/12.797406 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BIL66 UT WOS:000260571400012 ER PT S AU Yu, KM Wojtowicz, T Walukiewicz, W Liu, X Furdyna, JK AF Yu, K. M. Wojtowicz, T. Walukiewicz, W. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. BE Dietl, T Awschalom, DD Kaminska, M Ohno, H TI Fermi Level Effects on Mn Incorporation in III-Mn-V Ferromagnetic Semiconductors SO SPINTRONICS SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; ION-IMPLANTATION; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; GA1-XMNXAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; (GA,MN)AS; LAYERS; GAAS; (GA C1 [Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wojtowicz, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; FU U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-05CH11231]; Foundation for Polish Science [12/2007] FX We thank our numerous coworkers and coauthors (see References) for their Stimulating and fruitful discussions, and their very significant contributions to many aspects of III-Mn-V reviewed in this chapter. The authors are grateful to the National Science Foundation and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 for their support during the preparation of the manuscript. One of authors (T.W.) would like to acknowledge the support from Foundation for Polish Science through the Subsidy 12/2007. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 978-0-08-044956-2 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2008 VL 82 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1016/S0080-8784(08)00003-3 PG 46 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BIM93 UT WOS:000260962600003 ER PT S AU Dattellbaum, DM Stevens, LL AF Dattellbaum, Dana M. Stevens, Lewis L. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Equations of State of Binders and Related Polymers SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE; IMPACT RECOVERY EXPERIMENTS; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; OF-STATE; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SHOCK COMPRESSION; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TEFLON; STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS C1 [Dattellbaum, Dana M.; Stevens, Lewis L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dattellbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM danadat@lanl.gov NR 254 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 127 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 76 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200004 ER PT S AU Rice, BM Sewell, TD AF Rice, Betsy M. Sewell, Thomas D. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DER-WAALS INTERACTIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; POLYMER-BONDED EXPLOSIVES; SMALL ORGANIC-MOLECULES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; AB-INITIO; LIQUID NITROMETHANE C1 [Rice, Betsy M.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Sewell, Thomas D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM betsyr@arl.army.mil NR 199 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 255 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200007 ER PT S AU Kuklja, MM Rashkeev, SN AF Kuklja, Maija M. Rashkeev, Sergey N. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Modeling Defect-Induced Phenomena SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIC MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO SIMULATION; MG-SI ALLOY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE-TRINITRAMINE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DETONATION-WAVES; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE C1 [Kuklja, Maija M.] Natl Sci Fdn, Off Integrat Act, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Rashkeev, Sergey N.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kuklja, MM (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Off Integrat Act, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM mkukla@nsf.gov NR 149 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 291 EP 326 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200008 ER PT J AU Daly, DS Anderson, KK White, AM Gonzalez, RM Varnum, SM Zangar, RC AF Daly, Don Simone Anderson, Kevin K. White, Amanda M. Gonzalez, Rachel M. Varnum, Susan M. Zangar, Richard C. TI Predicting protein concentrations with ELISA microarray assays, monotonic splines and Monte Carlo simulation SO STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELISA microarray; monotonic spline; prediction interval; Monte Carlo simulation ID SMOOTHING PARAMETER-ESTIMATION AB Making sound proteomic inferences using ELISA microarray assay requires both an accurate prediction of protein concentration and a credible estimate of its error. We present a method using monotonic spline statistical models (MS), penalized constrained least squares fitting (PCLS) and Monte Carlo simulation (MC) to predict ELISA microarray protein concentrations and estimate their prediction errors. We contrast the MSMC (monotone spline Monte Carlo) method with a LNLS (logistic nonlinear least squares) method using simulated and real ELISA microarray data sets. MSMC rendered good fits in almost all tests, including those with left and/or right clipped standard curves. MS predictions were nominally more accurate; especially at the extremes of the prediction curve. MC provided credible asymmetric prediction intervals for both MS and LN fits that were superior to LNLS propagation-of-error intervals in achieving the target statistical confidence. MSMC was more reliable when automated prediction across simultaneous assays was applied routinely with minimal user guidance. C1 [Daly, Don Simone; Anderson, Kevin K.; White, Amanda M.; Gonzalez, Rachel M.; Varnum, Susan M.; Zangar, Richard C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Daly, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ds.daly@pnl.gov; kevin.anderson@pnl.gov; amanda.white@pnl.gov; rachel.gonzalez@pnl.gov; susan.varnum@pnl.gov; richard.zangar@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1544-6115 J9 STAT APPL GENET MOL JI Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 AR 21 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 337NQ UT WOS:000258443200004 ER PT B AU Perl, ML AF Perl, Martin L. BE Ge, ML Oh, CH Phua, KK TI DEVELOPING CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE SO STATISTICAL PHYSICS, HIGH ENERGY, CONDENSED MATTER AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Statistical Physics, High Energy, Condensed Matter and Mathematical Physics held in Honor of C N Yang 85th Birthday CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB In this talk I discuss a range of topics on developing creativity and innovation in engineering and science: the constraints on creativity and innovation such as the necessity of a fitting into the realities of the physical world; necessary personal qualities; getting a good idea in engineering and science; the art of obsession; the technology you use; and the technology of the future. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perl, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-279-417-8 PY 2008 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1142/9789812794185_0001 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Mathematics; Physics GA BJA20 UT WOS:000264097900001 ER PT B AU Chao, A AF Chao, Alex BE Ge, ML Oh, CH Phua, KK TI CHEN-NING YANG AND MY STUDENT DAYS AT STONY BROOK SO STATISTICAL PHYSICS, HIGH ENERGY, CONDENSED MATTER AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Statistical Physics, High Energy, Condensed Matter and Mathematical Physics held in Honor of C N Yang 85th Birthday CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chao, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-279-417-8 PY 2008 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1142/9789812794185_0053 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Mathematics; Physics GA BJA20 UT WOS:000264097900054 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Beyerlein, I Lesar, R AF Wang, Zhiqiang Beyerlein, Irene LeSar, Richard TI DISLOCATION DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF STRAIN PATH CHANGES IN HIGH-RATE DEFORMATION SO STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metal Forming CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Akad Gorniczo Hutn, Univ Birmingham, Univ Toyohashi DE Dislocation dynamics; high-rate deformation; strain path change ID FCC METALS; COPPER AB Strain path change tests at high strain rate (10(6)/S) are simulated using three-dimensional dislocation dynamics (DD) to examine how abrupt changes in strain path during loading affect macroscopic stress-strain behavior and microstructure evolution. Changes in deformation behavior are correlated with changes in dislocation slip activity on individual planes. Interesting effects of dislocation inertia and cross slip are revealed. C1 [Wang, Zhiqiang; Beyerlein, Irene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [LeSar, Richard] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, ZQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012; OI LeSar, Richard/0000-0002-8780-935X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH PI DUSSELDORF PA SOHNSTRABE 65, D-40237 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 1611-3683 J9 STEEL RES INT JI Steel Res. Int. PY 2008 BP 704 EP 711 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 470AU UT WOS:000267944700102 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Bigelow, L Borovilos, M Dementieva, I Duggan, E Eschenfeldt, W Hatzos, C Joachimiak, G Li, H Maltseva, N Mulligan, R Quartey, P Sather, A Stols, L Volkart, L Wu, RY Zhou, M Joachimiak, A AF Kim, Youngchang Bigelow, Lance Borovilos, Maria Dementieva, Irina Duggan, Erika Eschenfeldt, William Hatzos, Catherine Joachimiak, Grazyna Li, Hui Maltseva, Natalia Mulligan, Rory Quartey, Pearl Sather, Alicia Stols, Lucy Volkart, Lour Wu, Ruiying Zhou, Min Joachimiak, Andrzej BE Joachimiak, A TI HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEIN PURIFICATION FOR X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND NMR SO STRUCTURAL GENOMICS, PT A SE ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID STRUCTURAL PROTEOMICS; EXPRESSION; VECTORS AB In structural biology, the most critical issue is the availability of high-quality samples. "Structural-biology-grade" proteins Must be generated in a quantity and quality suitable for structure determination using X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance. The additional challenge for structural genomics is the need for high numbers of proteins at low cost where protein targets quite often have low sequence similarities, unknown properties and are poorly characterized. The purification procedures must reproducibly yield homogeneous proteins or their derivatives containing marker atom(s) in milligram quantities. The choice of protein purification and handling procedures plays a critical role in obtaining high-quality protein samples. Where the ultimate goal of structural biology is the same-to understand the structural basis of proteins in cellular processes, the structural genomics approach is different in that the functional aspects of individual protein or family are not ignored, however, emphasis here is on the number of unique Structures, covering most of the protein folding space and developing new technologies with high efficiency. At the Midwest Center Structural Genomics (MCSG), we have developed semiautomated protocols for high-throughput parallel protein purification. In brief, it protein, expressed as a fusion with a cleavable affinity tag, is purified in two immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) steps: (i) first IMAC coupled with buffer-exchange step, and after tag cleavage using TEV protease, (ii) second IMAC and buffer exchange to clean tip cleaved tags and tagged TEV protease. Size exclusion chromatography is also applied as needed. These protocols have been implemented on multidimensional chromatography workstations AKTAexplorer and AKTAxpress (GE Healthcare). All methods and protocols used for purification, some developed in MCSG, others adopted and integrated into the MCSG purification pipeline and more recently the Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Disease (CSGID) purification pipeline, are discussed in this chapter. C1 [Kim, Youngchang; Bigelow, Lance; Borovilos, Maria; Dementieva, Irina; Duggan, Erika; Eschenfeldt, William; Hatzos, Catherine; Joachimiak, Grazyna; Li, Hui; Quartey, Pearl; Sather, Alicia; Stols, Lucy; Volkart, Lour; Wu, Ruiying; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kim, Youngchang; Bigelow, Lance; Borovilos, Maria; Dementieva, Irina; Duggan, Erika; Eschenfeldt, William; Hatzos, Catherine; Joachimiak, Grazyna; Li, Hui; Quartey, Pearl; Sather, Alicia; Stols, Lucy; Volkart, Lour; Wu, Ruiying; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kim, Youngchang; Maltseva, Natalia; Mulligan, Rory; Zhou, Min; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Ctr Struct Genom Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU National Institutes of Health [GM162414, GM074942, HHSN272200700058C]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11135] FX We would like to thank Christine Tesar, Rachele Hendricks, and Grant Shackelford for contributing to the development of protein purification procedures: and Shyamala Rajan for reading and useful comments. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM162414, GM074942, and contract No. HHSN272200700058C, and by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11135 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3233 BN 978-0-12-374436-4 J9 ADV PROTEIN CHEM JI Adv.Protein Chem. PY 2008 VL 75 BP 85 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S1876-1623(08)00003-5 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BIR37 UT WOS:000262209700003 PM 20731990 ER PT S AU Liang, J Tseng, YY Dundas, J Binkowski, TA Joachimiak, A Ouyang, Z Adamian, L AF Liang, Jie Tseng, Yan-Yuan Dundas, Joseph Binkowski, T. Andrew Joachimiak, Andrzej Ouyang, Zheng Adamian, Larisa BE Joachimiak, A TI PREDICTING AND CHARACTERIZING PROTEIN FUNCTIONS THROUGH MATCHING GEOMETRIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF BINDING SURFACES SO STRUCTURAL GENOMICS, PT A SE ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SEQUENTIAL MONTE-CARLO; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; STRUCTURE ALIGNMENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ANALYTICAL SHAPE; COMPUTED ATLAS; PROTEORHODOPSIN; INFERENCE AB Predicting protein functions from structures is an important and challenging task. Although proteins are often thought to be packed as tightly as solids, closer examination based on geometric computation reveals that they contain numerous voids and pockets. Most of them are of random nature, but some are binding sites providing surfaces to interact with other molecules. A promising approach for function prediction is to infer functions through discovery of similarity in local binding pockets, as proteins binding to similar substrates/ligands and carrying Out similar functions have similar physical constraints for binding and reactions. In this chapter, we describe computational methods to distinguish those surface pockets that are likely to be involved in important biological functions, and methods to identify key residues in these pockets. We further describe how to predict protein functions at large scale from structures by detecting binding surfaces similar in residue make-ups, shape, and orientation. We also describe a Bayesian Monte Carlo method that can separate selection pressure due to biological function from pressure due to protein folding. We show how this method can be used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of binding surfaces for detecting similar binding surfaces. In addition, we briefly discuss how the negative image of a binding pocket can be casted, and how such information can be used to facilitate drug discovery. C1 [Liang, Jie; Dundas, Joseph; Ouyang, Zheng; Adamian, Larisa] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Ctr Syst Biomed, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Liang, Jie; Dundas, Joseph; Ouyang, Zheng; Adamian, Larisa] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Program Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Tseng, Yan-Yuan] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Binkowski, T. Andrew; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Binkowski, T. Andrew; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Ctr Syst Biomed, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. FU National Science Foundation [CAREER DBI10133856, DBI0078270, DBI0646035, DMS-0800257]; National Institute of Health [GM68958, GM079804, GM081682]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0028]; Shanghai Jiao Tong University FX We thank Drs. Rong Chen, Ken Dill, Rod Eckenhoft, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Jinfeng Zhang, Weifan Zheng, and Clare Woodward for fruitful collaborations. This work is supported by grants from National Science Foundation (CAREER DBI10133856, DBI0078270, DBI0646035, and DMS-0800257), National Institute of Health (GM68958, GM079804, and GM081682), Office of Naval Research (N00014-09-1-0028), and 985 Project from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3233 BN 978-0-12-374436-4 J9 ADV PROTEIN CHEM JI Adv.Protein Chem. PY 2008 VL 75 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1016/S1876-1623(08)00004-7 PG 42 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BIR37 UT WOS:000262209700004 PM 20731991 ER PT S AU Vatsavai, RR Shekhar, S Bhaduri, B AF Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Shekhar, Shashi Bhaduri, Budhendra BE DaVitoria Lobo, N Kasparis, T Roli, F Kwok, JT Georgiopoulos, M Anagnostopoulos, GC Loog, M TI A Learning Scheme for Recognizing Sub-classes from Model Trained on Aggregate Classes SO STRUCTURAL, SYNTACTIC, AND STATISTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic and Statistical Pattern Recognition CY DEC 04-16, 2008 CL Univ Central Florida, Orlando, FL SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Tech Committee HO Univ Central Florida DE Semi-supervised learning; EM; GMM; Remote Sensing AB In many practical situations it is not feasible to collect labeled samples for all available classes in a domain. especially in supervised classification of remotely sensed images it is impossible to collect, ground truth information over large geographic regions for all thematic classes. As a result Often analysts collect labels for aggregate classes. In this paper we present; a novel learning scheme that automatically learns sub-classes from the user given aggregate classes. We, model each aggregate class as finite Gaussian mixture instead of classical assumption of unimodal Gaussian per class. The number of components ill each finite Gaussian mixture are automatically estimated. Experimental results on real remotely sensed image classification showed not only improved accuracy in aggregate class classification but the proposed method also recognized sub-classes. C1 [Vatsavai, Ranga Raju; Bhaduri, Budhendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shekhar, Shashi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Vatsavai, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vatsavairr@ornl.gov; shekhar@cs.umn.edu; bhaduribl@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge, Tennessee [37831-6285]; UT-Battelle; LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to thank our former collaborators Thomas E. Burk, Jamie Smedsmo, Ryan Kirk and Tim Mack at the University of Minnesota for useful comments and inputs into this research. The comments of Eddie Bright, Phil Coleman, and Veeraraghavan Vijayraj, have greatly improved the technical accuracy and readability of this paper. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285,managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89688-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5342 BP 967 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIY10 UT WOS:000263676700096 ER PT J AU Burley, SK Joachimiak, A Montelione, GT Wilson, IA AF Burley, Stephen K. Joachimiak, Andrzej Montelione, Gaetano T. Wilson, Ian A. TI Contributions to the NIH-NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative from the PSI production centers SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOMICS; EXPRESSION; SCALE; NMR C1 [Burley, Stephen K.] SGX Pharmaceut Inc, NYSGXRC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MCSG, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Montelione, Gaetano T.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, NESG, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Wilson, Ian A.] Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Burley, SK (reprint author), SGX Pharmaceut Inc, NYSGXRC, 10505 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM sburley@sgxpharma.com; andrzejj@anl.gov; guy@cabm.rutgers.edu; wilson@scripps.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM 074898, U54 GM 074942, U54 GM 074945, U54 GM 074958, U54 GM074898, U54 GM074942, U54 GM074942-04S2, U54 GM074945, U54 GM074958] NR 21 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.str.2007.12.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 250FZ UT WOS:000252286700003 PM 18184575 ER PT B AU Cowen, CJ Jablonski, PD AF Cowen, C. J. Jablonski, P. D. BE Reed, RC Green, KA Caron, P Gabb, TP Fahrmann, MG Huron, ES TI Elevated temperature mechanical behavior of new low CTE superalloys SO SUPERALLOYS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Champion, PA SP TMS, ASM Int, TMS High Temperature Alloys Comm DE low CTE; stress rupture; phase stability ID NI-MO-CR; THERMAL-EXPANSION; BASE SUPERALLOYS; ALLOY; COEFFICIENTS AB This paper presents the high temperature mechanical properties of several experimental low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) alloys. The use of such alloys facilitate the extension of advanced ferritic stainless steels to higher use temperature in advanced power generation systems. We find that one of these alloys, J5 appears to be favorable for bridging ferritic alloys (operating up to similar to 600 degrees C) to traditional nickel based superalloys (operating at 750 degrees C). C1 [Cowen, C. J.; Jablonski, P. D.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Cowen, CJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-728-5 PY 2008 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIG92 UT WOS:000259400800021 ER PT B AU Holcomb, GR AF Holcomb, G. R. BE Reed, RC Green, KA Caron, P Gabb, TP Fahrmann, MG Huron, ES TI Superalloys for ultra supercritical steam turbines-oxidation behavior SO SUPERALLOYS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Champion, PA SP TMS, ASM Int, TMS High Temperature Alloys Comm DE evaporation; chromia; steam turbine; steam boiler; breakaway oxidation ID OXIDE HYDROXIDE EVAPORATION; REACTIVE-EVAPORATION; POWER-PLANTS; WATER-VAPOR; CHROMIUM; 304L AB Goals of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include power generation from coal at 60% efficiency, which requires steam conditions of up to 760 degrees C and 340 atm, so called ultra-supercritical (USC) steam conditions. One of the important materials performance considerations is steam-side oxidation resistance. Evaporation of protective chromia scales is expected to be a primary corrosion mechanism under USC conditions. A methodology to calculate Cr evaporation rates from chromia scales with cylindrical geometries was developed that allows for the effects of CrO2(OH)(2) saturation within the gas phase. This approach was combined with Cr diffusion calculations within the alloy (with a constant flux of Cr leaving the alloy from evaporation) to predict Cr concentration profiles as a function of exposure time and to predict the time until the alloy surface concentration of Cr reaches zero. This time is a rough prediction of the time until breakaway oxidation. A hypothetical superheater tube, steam pipe, and high pressure turbine steam path was examined. At the highest temperatures and pressures, the time until breakaway oxidation was predicted to be quite short for the turbine blade, and of concern within the steam pipe and the higher temperature portions of the superheater tube. The predicted time until breakaway oxidation increases dramatically with decreases in temperature and total pressure. Possible mitigation techniques were discussed, including those used in solid oxide fuel cell metallic interconnects (lowering the activity of Cr in the oxide scale by adding Mn to the alloy), and thermal barrier coating use on high pressure turbine blades for both erosion and chromia evaporation protection. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-728-5 PY 2008 BP 601 EP 608 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIG92 UT WOS:000259400800067 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Haynes, JA More, KL Schneibel, JH Zhang, Y Wright, IG AF Pint, B. A. Haynes, J. A. More, K. L. Schneibel, J. H. Zhang, Y. Wright, I. G. BE Reed, RC Green, KA Caron, P Gabb, TP Fahrmann, MG Huron, ES TI The performance of Pt-modiefied alumina-forming coatings and model alloys SO SUPERALLOYS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Champion, PA SP TMS, ASM Int, TMS High Temperature Alloys Comm DE oxidation resistance; aluminide coatings; platinum diffusion coating; platinum group metals; yield stress ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSIENT OXIDATION; PLATINUM ALUMINIDE; BOND COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; SCALES; SEGREGATION AB The oxidation behavior of two-phase, gamma+gamma' Pt diffusion coatings and model alloys has been evaluated to better understand the potential of this class of coatings for power generation applications. Coatings were deposited on both directionally-solidified alloy 142 and single crystal N5 superalloys. Fabrication issues such as initial Pt thickness and annealing temperature were evaluated. Oxidation testing was performed in both dry O-2 and with the addition of H2O to study the performance of gamma+gamma' and conventional coating materials. After exposure for 1000, I-h cycles at 1150 degrees C in dry O-2, a gamma+gamma' coating on N5 had evolved into a thicker, almost continuous gamma' layer with the Pt content dropping to similar to 7at.% in this layer and diffusing similar to 250 mu m into the substrate, disrupting the gamma+gamma' substrate microstructure. Characterization of the oxide formed on a gamma+gamma' composition showed that even 30at.%Pt did not prevent the fori-nation of a Ni-rich spinel layer at 1200 degrees C. In order to assist the coating development process, model alloys also were evaluated. Other Pt group metals (Pd and Ir) were evaluated as well as the addition of Cr and various Hf levels. As expected, Cr and Hf were beneficial for oxidation resistance. However, I'd was not an adequate replacement for Pt because of the multi-phase microstructure that formed. A gamma+gamma' composition had a 1000 degrees C yield stress in compression that was significantly higher than gamma'-Ni3Al or beta-NiAl. Also, the thermal expansion coefficient was very similar to other Ni-Al alumina-formers. The performance of gamma+gamma' compositions are very promising, however, sensitivity to superalloy substrate composition, Pt interdiffusion during long-term service, spinel formation and the potential need for a secondary processing step are areas of concern for this class of coatings. C1 [Pint, B. A.; Haynes, J. A.; More, K. L.; Schneibel, J. H.; Wright, I. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-728-5 PY 2008 BP 641 EP 650 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIG92 UT WOS:000259400800071 ER PT S AU Alwall, J Artoisenet, P de Visschert, S Duhrl, C Frederix, R Herquet, M Mattelaer, O AF Alwall, J. Artoisenet, P. de Visscher, S. Duhrl, C. Frederix, R. Herquet, M. Mattelaer, O. BE Hong, DK Ko, P TI New Developments in MadGraph/MadEvent SO SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 16-21, 2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Res Fdn, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Federat Sci & Technol Soc, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Metropolitan Govt DE Monte Carlo Simulations; Beyond the Standard Model; New Physics; Matrix Element ID HELICITY AMPLITUDES AB We here present some recent developments of MadGraph/MadEvent since the latest published version, 4.0. These developments include: Jet matching with Pythia parson showers for both Standard Model and Beyond the Standard Model processes, decay chain functionality, decay width calculation and decay simulation, process generation for the Grid, a package for calculation of quarkonium amplitudes, calculation of Matrix Element weights for experimental events, automatic dipole subtraction for next-to-leading order calculations, and a package for automatic calculation of Feynman rules and model files from the Lagrangian of any New Physics model. C1 [Alwall, J.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Artoisenet, P.; de Visscher, S.; Duhrl, C.; Frederix, R.; Herquet, M.; Mattelaer, O.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Chem Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Alwall, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM alwall@slac.stanford.edu FU Swedish Research Council FX J.A. wishes to thank the organizers of SUSY08 for the invitation and the generous support. J.A. is supported by the Swedish Research Council. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0609-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1078 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIT72 UT WOS:000262639900013 ER PT S AU Passera, M Marciano, WJ Sirlin, A AF Passera, M. Marciano, W. J. Sirlin, A. BE Hong, DK Ko, P TI The muon g-2 discrepancy: errors or new physics? SO SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 16-21, 2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Res Fdn, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Federat Sci & Technol Soc, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Metropolitan Govt DE Muon anomalous magnetic moment; Standard Model Higgs boson ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; STANDARD MODEL PREDICTION; HADRONIC CONTRIBUTIONS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; HIGGS MASS; TAU-DECAYS; ELECTRON; PRECISION; UPDATE; SUPERSYMMETRY AB After a brief review of the muon g-2 status, we discuss hypothetical errors in the Standard Model prediction that could explain the present discrepancy with the experimental value. None of them looks likely. In particular, an hypothetical increase of the hadroproduction cross section in low-energy e(+)e(-) collisions could bridge the muon g-2 discrepancy, but is shown to be unlikely in view of current experimental error estimates. If nonetheless, this turns out to be the explanation of the discrepancy, then the 95% CL upper bound on the Higgs boson mass is reduced to about 130 GeV which, in conjunction with the experimental 114.4 GeV 95% CL lower bound, leaves a narrow window for the mass of this fundamental particle. C1 [Passera, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Marciano, W. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sirlin, A.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Passera, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76CH00016]; E.C. [MRTN-CT 2004-503369, 2006-035505]; U.S.NSF [PHY-0758032] FX We thank A. Vainshtein for discussions and correspondence. The work of W.J.M., MP, and A.S. was supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02- 76CH00016, E.C. contracts MRTN-CT 2004-503369 & 2006-035505, and U.S.NSF grant PHY-0758032, respectively. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0609-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1078 BP 378 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIT72 UT WOS:000262639900090 ER PT B AU Steinwart, I Christmann, A AF Steinwart, Ingo Christmann, Andreas BA Steinwart, I Christmann, A BF Steinwart, I Christmann, A TI Support Vector Machines Introduction SO SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES SE Information Science and Statistics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; CONVEX RISK MINIMIZATION; TIME DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHMS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS; FINITE NEWTON METHOD; HIGH BREAKDOWN-POINT; EMPIRICAL PROCESSES; CONCENTRATION INEQUALITIES; FRECHET DIFFERENTIABILITY; RANDOM-VARIABLES AB Overview. The goal of this introduction is to give a gentle and informal overview of what this book is about. In particular, we will discuss key concepts and questions on statistical learning. Furthermore, the underlying ideas of support vector machines are presented, and important questions for understanding their learning mechanisms will be raised. Usage. This introduction serves as a tutorial that presents key concepts and questions of this book. By connecting these to corresponding parts of the book, it is furthermore a guidepost for reading this book. C1 [Steinwart, Ingo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Christmann, Andreas] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Math, Chair Stochast, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 448 TC 430 Z9 430 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-77241-7 J9 INFORM SCI STAT PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 45 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA BJX05 UT WOS:000267334600001 ER PT J AU Han, Y Hupalo, M Tringides, MC Liu, F AF Han, Y. Hupalo, M. Tringides, M. C. Liu, Feng TI Quantum modulation of island nucleation on top of a metal nanomesa SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantum size effect; metal nanomesas; island nucleation location; surface diffusion ID THIN-FILM GROWTH; SIZE; SURFACES; STATES AB We present a theoretical analysis of selectivity of nucleation location for the two-dimensional island on top of a metal nanomesa. It has been observed experimentally that the nucleation can start either along the periphery of the mesa top or in the middle, depending on the mesa height. Such an intriguing nucleation behavior is shown to originate from the thickness-dependent mesa edge barrier for an adatom to jump off the mesa, which we attributed to be induced by the quantum size effect. Based on the experimentally observed nucleation locations, we estimate that the mesa edge barriers for the 5- and 6-layer Pb(1 1 1) mesas can differ by similar to 19 +/- 5 meV. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Y.; Liu, Feng] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Hupalo, M.; Tringides, M. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), IPRT, 307D Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM octavian2009@gmail.com; fliu@eng.utah.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5701-2012 OI Han, Yong/0000-0001-5404-0911 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.044 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700011 ER PT J AU Cheung, SH Nachimuthu, P Engelhard, MH Wang, CM Chambers, SA AF Cheung, S. H. Nachimuthu, P. Engelhard, M. H. Wang, C. M. Chambers, S. A. TI N incorporation, composition and electronic structure in N-doped TiO2(001) anatase epitaxial films grown on LaAlO3(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; photochemistry; titanium oxide; single crystal epitaxy; semiconducting films ID TIO2 ANATASE; PHOTOCATALYSIS; QUALITY; RUTILE AB We have investigated the properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on LaAlO3(0 0 1) substrates. Phase-pure epitaxial films in which N substitutes for 0 with no secondary phase formation nucleate only over a narrow range of fluxes. N substitution for 0 results in N 2p derived states off the top of the anatase valence band and the associated red shift in the optical bandgap. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cheung, S. H.; Nachimuthu, P.; Engelhard, M. H.; Wang, C. M.; Chambers, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.061 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700020 ER PT J AU Beste, A Mullins, DR Overbury, SH Harrison, RJ AF Beste, Ariana Mullins, David R. Overbury, Steven H. Harrison, Robert J. TI Adsorption and dissociation of methanol on the fully oxidized and partially reduced (111) cerium oxide surface: Dependence on the configuration of the cerium 4f electrons SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; models of surface chemical reactions; methanol adsorption; methanol dissociation; cerium oxide; electronic configuration; f-bands; surface defects ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL MONOXIDES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LOW-INDEX SURFACES; CEO2 SURFACES; CEO2(111) SURFACES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT STRUCTURE AB The adsorption and dissociation of methanol on the fully oxidized and partially reduced (1 1 1) cerium oxide surface is studied using the PW91 functional as well as the PW91 + U scheme. We investigate the influence of the detailed electronic structure of the Ce 4f band on the chemistry of methanol on the surface. For the partially reduced surface we obtain a spin delocalized, a ferromagnetic, and an antiferromagnetic solution. We find that the qualitative conclusions are independent of the spin state. Methanol adsorption is exothermic on the fully oxidized as well as on the partially reduced surface. The dissociation of methanol on the surface is enhanced by the presence of a vacancy. We localize an on-top methoxy species, where the methoxy oxygen binds to a second layer cerium atom, as a dissociation product on the fully oxidized surface. On the partially reduced surface the dissociation product is a triply bridged methoxy species, where the methoxy oxygen partly fills the oxygen vacancy in the surface. Adsorption energies are influenced by the introduction of the Hubbard (U) term. On the other hand, energy differences between surface species such as dissociation energies on the surface are less sensitive. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beste, Ariana; Harrison, Robert J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mullins, David R.; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beste, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bestea@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Beste, Ariana/0000-0001-9132-792X NR 69 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.024 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700024 ER PT J AU Qin, F Anderegg, JW Jenks, CJ Gleeson, B Sordelet, DJ Thiel, PA AF Qin, F. Anderegg, J. W. Jenks, C. J. Gleeson, B. Sordelet, D. J. Thiel, P. A. TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the early-stage oxidation behavior of (Pt, Ni)(3)Al(111) surfaces in air SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oxidation; aluminum oxide; nickel oxides; alloys; nickel aluminide; platinum; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID AL-PT SYSTEM; COPRECIPITATED NICKEL; METHANATION CATALYSTS; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDE-FILM; NI3AL; ALLOYS; XPS; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURES AB We have studied the early-stage of oxide formation on (111)-oriented (Pt,Ni)(3)Al single crystals in air. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the predominant surface oxide changed from NiO to Al2O3, as oxidation temperature increased from 900 to 1300 K. Some NiAl2O4 (spinel) also formed at the higher temperatures. Under conditions where NiO and/or NiAl2O4 were present, it resided atop a layer of aluminum oxide, mixed in some cases with metallic Ni. By comparing samples that contained 0, 10 and 20 at% Pt in the bulk, we found that the effects of Pt were to (1) promote the preferential formation of aluminum oxide over nickel oxide(s) in the top layer at all temperatures studied, (2) suppress the amount of metallic Ni mixed with Al2O3. in the underlying oxide region, (3) reduce the total oxide layer thickness, and (4) sharpen the interface between the oxide and the metallic alloy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Qin, F.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qin, F.; Anderegg, J. W.; Jenks, C. J.; Sordelet, D. J.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gleeson, B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Qin, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, 1656 B Gilman, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM flqin@iastate.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.007 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700028 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Matranga, C Gellman, AJ AF Miller, James B. Matranga, Christopher Gellman, Andrew J. TI Surface segregation in a polycrystalline Pd70Cu30 alloy hydrogen purification membrane SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low energy ion scattering (LEIS); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); surface segregation; PdCu alloy; separation membrane ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ALLOY; CU-PD SYSTEM; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CO CHEMISORPTION; PALLADIUM; ADSORPTION; COPPER; ENERGY; CU(111); MICROSTRUCTURE AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) have been used to study the effects of various surface preparations and thermal treatments on the composition of the near-surface region (similar to 7 atomic layers) and the topmost atomic layer of a polycrystalline Pd70Cu30 alloy. Palladium enrichment (relative to the bulk composition) is observed in the XPS-accessible near-surface region, but copper enrichment is observed in the topmost atomic layer. At temperatures above similar to 800 K, where the bulk, the near-surface region and the topmost atomic layer are likely in thermodynamic equilibrium, segregation to the top layer can be described in terms of a simple thermodynamic model. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of H-2 and CO from the annealed surfaces illustrates the impact of segregation and atomic distribution in the top layer on surface chemical activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, James B.; Gellman, Andrew J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Miller, James B.; Matranga, Christopher; Gellman, Andrew J.] US DOE, Nat Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jbmiller@andrew.cmu.edu RI Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427; Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.suse.2007.10.031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700048 ER PT B AU Bader, BW Berry, MW Browne, M AF Bader, Brett W. Berry, Michael W. Browne, Murray BE Berry, MW Castellanos, M TI Discussion tracking in Enron email using PARAFAC SO SURVEY OF TEXT MINING II: CLUSTERING, CLASSIFICATION, AND RETRIEVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Text Mining Workshop held at the 7th International Conference on Data Mining CY APR 28, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN ID NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB In this chapter, we apply a nonnegative tensor factorization algorithm to extract and detect meaningful discussions from electronic mail messages for a period of one year. For the publicly released Enron electronic mail collection, we encode a sparse term-author-month array for subsequent three-way factorization using the PARAllel FACtors (or PARAFAC) three-way decomposition first proposed by Harshman. Using nonnegative tensors, we preserve natural data nonnegativity and avoid subtractive basis vector and encoding interactions present in techniques such as principal component analysis. Results in thread detection and interpretation are discussed in the context of published Enron business practices and activities, and benchmarks addressing the computational complexity of our approach are provided. The resulting tensor factorizations can be used to produce Gantt-like charts that can be used to assess the duration, order, and dependencies of focused discussions against the progression of time. C1 [Bader, Brett W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Computat Methods Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bader, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Computat Methods Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbader@sandia.gov; berry@eecs.utk.edu; mbrowne@eecs.utk.edu OI Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-84800-045-2 PY 2008 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-046-9_8 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHF40 UT WOS:000252693600008 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Michaelides, M Piyis, YK Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Thanos, Panayotis K. Michaelides, Michael Piyis, Yiannis K. Wang, Gene-Jack Volkow, Nora D. TI Food restriction markedly increases dopamine d2 receptor (D2R) in a rat model of obesity as assessed with in-vivo mu PET Imaging ([C-11] raclopride) and in-vitro ([H-3] spiperone) autoradiography SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE drug abuse; addiction; gene therapy; reward; environment; mu PET; beta-imager ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; DECREASES EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; ZUCKER RATS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; AUTOMATED ALGORITHM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HARDERIAN GLANDS; DORSAL STRIATUM; DRUG-ADDICTION; MESSENGER-RNA AB Introduction: Dopamine (DA) regulates food intake by modulating food reward and motivation but its involvement in obesity is much less understood. Recent evidence points to the involvement of leptin in the DA-related modulation of food intake. Here we assess DA D2 receptors (D2R) in a genetic rodent obesity model characterized by leptin-receptor deficiency and assess the influence of food restriction on these receptors. Methods: We compared D2R levels between Zucker Obese (fa/fa) and Lean (Fa/Fa) rats at 1 and 4 months of age and in two different feeding conditions (restricted and unrestricted food access) using in-vivo mu PET imaging ([C-11] raclopride, which is a method sensitive to competition with endogenous DA) and in-vitro ([H-3] spiperone washed to ensure no competition with endogenous DA) autoradiography (ARG). Results: Both ARG and mu PET showed that D2R were higher at 1 month than at 4 months of age and that food restricted animals had higher D2R than unrestricted animals. However there were significant differences in the results obtained at 4 months between ARG and mu PET. ARG showed that at 1 month and at 4 months unrestricted lean rats (Le U) had significantly higher D2R binding than obese unrestricted rats (Ob U) but showed no differences between restricted obese (Ob R) and restricted lean rats (Le R). It also showed that D2R decline between 1 and 4 months of age was significantly attenuated in food restricted rats [both obese and lean]. In contrast, mu PET showed that at 4 months of age, Ob U showed greater D2R availability than Le U rats but like ARG showed no differences between Ob R and Le R rats. Conclusion: The lower D2R binding in Ob U than Le U rats observed with ARG most likely reflects decreases in striatal D2 receptors levels whereas the increased availability observed with mu PET is likely to reflect reduced DA release (resulting in decreased competition with endogenous DA). Lack of a significant difference between Ob R and Le R suggests that the differences in dopamine activity and D2R levels between Ob and Le Zucker rats are modulated by access to food. The ARG finding of an attenuation of the age-related loss of D2R binding corroborates previous studies of the salutary effects of food restriction in the aging process. Because [C-11] raclopride is sensitive to competition with endogenous DA, the higher D2R binding in obese rats with raclopride despite the lower D2R levels shown with spiperone could reflect lower extracellular DA in the Ob rats and merits further investigation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIH, NIAAA, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thanos@bnl.gov RI Michaelides, Michael/K-4736-2013 OI Michaelides, Michael/0000-0003-0398-4917 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA07574, AA07611, AA 11034] NR 59 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1002/syn.20468 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 233PE UT WOS:000251102000007 PM 17960763 ER PT S AU Vallee, G Naughton, T Ong, H Tikotekar, A Engelmann, C Bland, W Aderholdt, F Scott, SL AF Vallee, Geoffroy Naughton, Thomas Ong, Hong Tikotekar, Anand Engelmann, Christian Bland, Wesley Aderholdt, Ferrol Scott, Stephen L. BE Boursas, L Carlson, M Hommel, W Sibilla, M Wold, K TI Virtual System Environments SO SYSTEMS AND VIRTUALIZATION MANAGEMENT: STANDARDS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES SE COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Systems and Virtualization Management CY OCT 21-22, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Distributed Management Task Force AB Distributed and parallel systems are typically managed with "static" settings: the operating system (OS) and the runtime environment (RTE) are specified at a given time and cannot be changed to tit an application's needs. This means that every time application developers want to use their application on a new execution platform, the application has to he ported to this new environment, which may be expensive in terms of application modifications and developer time. However, the science resides in the applications and not in the OS or the RTE. Therefore, it should be beneficial to adapt the OS and the RTE to the application instead of adapting the applications to the OS and the RTE. This document presents the concept of Virtual System Environments (VSE), which enables application developers to specify and create a virtual environment that properly fits their application's needs. For that four challenges have to be addressed: (i) definition of the VSE itself by the application developers, (ii) deployment of the VSE, (iii) system administration for the platform, and (iv) protection of the platform from the running VSE. We therefore present an integrated tool for the definition and deployment of VSEs on top of traditional and virtual (i.e., using system-level virtualization) execution platforms. This tool provides the capability to choose the degree of delegation for system administration tasks and the degree of protection from the application (e.g.. using virtual machines). To summarize, the VSE concept enables the customization of the OS/RTE used for the execution of application by users without compromising local system administration rules and execution platform protection constraints. C1 [Vallee, Geoffroy; Naughton, Thomas; Ong, Hong; Tikotekar, Anand; Engelmann, Christian; Bland, Wesley; Aderholdt, Ferrol; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM valleegr@ornl.gov; naughtont@ornl.gov; hongong@ornl.gov; tikotekaraa@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov; blandwb@ornl.gov; aderholtwf@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-540-88707-2 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2008 VL 18 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIS29 UT WOS:000262405200007 ER PT S AU Bouchard, AM Warrender, CE Osbourn, GC AF Bouchard, Ann M. Warrender, Christina E. Osbourn, Gordon C. BE Krasnogor, N Gustafson, S Pelta, DA Verdegay, JL TI The "Programming Language" of Dynamic Self-Assembly SO SYSTEMS SELF-ASSEMBLY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SNAPSHOTS SE Studies in Multidisciplinarity LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO; MICROTUBULES; COMPUTATION; NETWORKS; KINESIN; PROTEIN; INSTABILITY; MOLECULES; MOTILITY; SPINDLE AB We show how protein dynamic self-assembly processes map naturally onto a formal model of computing, the random access machine (RAM), which is equivalent to a Turing machine. Specifically, we show that many biological processes that do not appear to be information processing, such as synthesis of macromolecules, structural assembly, transport, disassembly, and degradation of molecules, actually do perform computation when viewed from the RAM perspective. With this view that dynamic self-assembly processes are performing computation, we then look at this relationship from two perspectives. First, if self-assembly processes in living systems are performing computation, what algorithms are they carrying out? We discuss examples of algorithms implemented by living systems at multiple hierarchy levels. Second, if we can understand the "programming language" of dynamic self-assembly, can we design programs to self-assemble novel structures or materials? We give example computer simulations of programmed dynamic self-assembly of nanostructures. C1 [Bouchard, Ann M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Bouchard, AM (reprint author), Zunomi LLC, 11024 Montgomery Blvd NE,Suite 161, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM ann@zunomi.com; cewarr@sandia.gov; gordon@zunomi.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0831 BN 978-0-08-055975-9 J9 STUD MULTIDISCIP PY 2008 VL 5 BP 153 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S1571-0831(07)00007-X PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCP92 UT WOS:000310981900008 ER PT S AU Bailey, DH Borwein, JM AF Bailey, David H. Borwein, Jonathan M. BE Amdebehan, T Moll, VH TI Computer-assisted discovery and proof SO TAPAS IN EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS SE CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Experimental Mathematics CY JAN 05, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA ID IDENTITIES; SERIES AB With the advent of powerful, widely-available mathematical software, combined with ever-faster computer hardware, we are approaching a day when both the discovery and proof of mathematical facts can be done in a computer-assisted manner. This article presents several specific examples of this new paradigm in action. C1 [Bailey, David H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4317-8 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2008 VL 457 BP 21 EP 52 PG 32 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BHT98 UT WOS:000256351400002 ER PT S AU Bauer, DA AF Bauer, Daniel A. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI Dark Matter Detection with Cryogenic Detectors SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci ID SEARCH; LIMITS AB Direct detection of dark matter in the form of Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS) is an active field of research. Cryogenic detectors have been in the forefront of the field, due to their exquisite ability to reject backgrounds from interactions of normal matter. In this paper, I describe the current status and future prospects for such experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bauer, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bauer@fnal.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 042002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/4/042002 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900026 ER PT S AU Koglin, JE Aramaki, T Boggs, SE Craig, WW Fuke, H Gahbauer, F Hailey, CJ Madden, N Mori, K Ong, RA Yoshida, T Yu, HT Ziock, KP AF Koglin, J. E. Aramaki, T. Boggs, S. E. Craig, W. W. Fuke, H. Gahbauer, F. Hailey, C. J. Madden, N. Mori, K. Ong, R. A. Yoshida, T. Yu, H. T. Ziock, K. P. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI Antideuterons as an Indirect Dark Matter Signature: Design and Preparation for a Balloon-born GAPS Experiment SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci AB The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) exploits low energy antideuterons produced in neutralino-neutralino annihilations as an indirect dark matter (DM) signature that is effectively free from background. When an antiparticle is captured by a target material, it forms an exotic atom in an excited state which quickly decays by emitting X-rays of precisely defined energy and a correlated pion signature from nuclear annihilation. We have successfully demonstrated the GAPS method in an accelerator environment and are currently planning a prototype flight from Japan for 2009. This will lead to a long duration balloon (LDB) mission that will complement existing and planned direct DM searches as well as other indirect techniques, probing a different, and often unique, region of parameter space in a variety of proposed DM models. Planes of coarsely pixellated Si(Li) detectors form the heart of the GAPS flight detector, providing both high X-ray energy resolution and good particle tracking. We will describe the proto-flight mission that will verify the performance of our Si(Li) detectors and cooling system in a flight-like configuration. We also will outline the LDB science payload design. C1 [Koglin, J. E.; Aramaki, T.; Gahbauer, F.; Hailey, C. J.; Madden, N.; Mori, K.; Yu, H. T.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ziock, K. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ong, R. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Yoshida, T.] Univ Latvia, Riga, Latvia. [Fuke, H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Craig, W. W.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Boggs, S. E.] Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Koglin, JE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM koglin@astro.columbia.edu RI Gahbauer, Florian/J-9542-2014; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Gahbauer, Florian/0000-0002-7126-2513; Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 FU NASA APRA [NAG5-5393, NNG06WC06G] FX This work was supported in part by NASA APRA grants NAG5-5393 and NNG06WC06G. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 042011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/4/042011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900035 ER PT S AU Lesko, KT AF Lesko, Kevin T. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI The US National Science Foundation's Deep Underground Laboratory at Homestake- DUSEL SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci AB The US National Science Foundation has launched a program to establish a world-class, multi-disciplinary deep underground science and engineering laboratory - DUSEL. The NSF has selected as the prime site to be developed for an international world-class research facility. Recently there has been increasing interest in underground physics, astrophysics and other fields of science that require deep underground laboratory and research facilities. I will review the scientific case for DUSEL and the near-term experiments anticipated in Homestake, as well as presenting the efforts to create the Sanford Laboratory at Homestake in advance of DUSEL. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lesko, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50R5008, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ktlesko@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 052011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/5/052011 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900065 ER PT S AU Mirizzi, A Montanino, D Serpico, PD AF Mirizzi, A. Montanino, D. Serpico, P. D. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI A cosmological bound on radiative neutrino lifetime SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci ID FIRAS AB Neutrino oscillation experiments and direct bounds on absolute masses constrain neutrino mass differences to fall into the microwave energy range, for most of the allowed parameter space. As a consequence of these recent phenomenological advances, older constraints on radiative neutrino decays based on diffuse background radiations and assuming strongly hierarchical masses in the eV range are now outdated. We thus derive new bounds on the radiative neutrino lifetime using the high precision cosmic microwave background spectral data collected by the FIRAS instrument on board of COBE. The lower bound on neutrino lifetime is between a few x 10(19) s mid similar to 5 x 10(20) s, depending on the neutrino mass ordering and on the absolute neutrino mass scale. However, due to phase space limitations, the tipper bound on the effective magnetic moment mediating the decay is not better than similar to 10(-8) mu(B). We also comment about possible improvements of these limits, by means of recent diffuse infrared photon background data. C1 [Mirizzi, A.] Werner Heisenberg Inst, Max Planck Inst Phys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Serpico, P. D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Cent Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL USA. [Montanino, D.] INFN, Dipartimento Fis Sezione, Lecce, Italy. RP Mirizzi, A (reprint author), Werner Heisenberg Inst, Max Planck Inst Phys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM amirizzi@mppmu.mpg.de RI Montanino, Daniele/H-9901-2012 OI Montanino, Daniele/0000-0003-2669-1340 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 022010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/2/022010 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900011 ER PT S AU Plunkett, R AF Plunkett, Robert CA NOvA Collaboration BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI Status of the NOvA Experiment SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci AB The NOvA experiment, using the existing NuMI beamline, is planned for construction at Ash River, Minnesota. The experiment will provide a measurement of, or strong limit on the neutrino mixing angle theta(13), and for sufficiently strong mixing, establish the hierarchy of the neutrino masses. C1 [Plunkett, Robert] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Plunkett, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM plunk@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 052044 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/5/052044 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900098 ER PT S AU Tokuno, H Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Azuma, R Belz, JW Benno, T Bergman, DR Blake, SA Brusova, O Cady, R Cao, Z Gheon, BG Chiba, J Chikawa, M Cho, IS Chung, T Cohen, F Doura, K Doyle, T Endo, A Fujii, H Fukuda, T Fukushima, M Hayashi, Y Hayashi, K Hayashida, N Hibino, K Hiyama, K Honda, K Huenterneyer, P Hughes, GA Iguchi, T Ikeda, D Ikuta, K Inoue, N Ishii, T Jui, CCH Kadota, K Kakimoto, F Kanbe, T Kasahara, K Kawai, H Kawakami, S Kawana, S Kido, E Kondo, Y Kwon, YJ Machida, S Martens, K Matsuda, T Matsuyama, T Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN Minamino, M Miyata, K Mostafa, M Murano, Y Nakamura, T Nam, S Nonaka, T Ogio, S Oh, S Ohnishi, M Ohoka, H Ohshima, A Okuda, T Ormes, J Ozawa, S Park, IH Park, JH Rodriguez, D Sagawa, H Sakurai, N Sinnis, G Scott, LM Shibata, T Shimizu, N Shimodaira, H Sinnis, G Smith, JD Sokolsky, P Springer, RW Stratton, SR Suzuki, S Takeda, M Taketa, A Takita, M Tameda, Y Tanaka, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, H Taylor, MJ Teshima, M Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tomida, T Torii, R Tsunesada, Y Uchihori, Y Udo, S Unno, Y Wada, Y Wickwar, VB Wiencke, LR Wilkerson, TD Yamakawa, Y Yamaoka, H Yang, J Yoshida, S Yoshii, H Yun, YH AF Tokuno, H. Abbasi, R. U. Abu-Zayyad, T. Azuma, R. Belz, J. W. Benno, T. Bergman, D. R. Blake, S. A. Brusova, O. Cady, R. Cao, Z. Gheon, B. G. Chiba, J. Chikawa, M. Cho, I. S. Chung, T. Cohen, F. Doura, K. Doyle, T. Endo, A. Fujii, H. Fukuda, T. Fukushima, M. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, K. Hayashida, N. Hibino, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, K. Huenterneyer, P. Hughes, G. A. Iguchi, T. Ikeda, D. Ikuta, K. Inoue, N. Ishii, T. Jui, C. C. H. Kadota, K. Kakimoto, F. Kanbe, T. Kasahara, K. Kawai, H. Kawakami, S. Kawana, S. Kido, E. Kondo, Y. Kwon, Y. J. Machida, S. Martens, K. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, T. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, J. N. Minamino, M. Miyata, K. Mostafa, M. Murano, Y. Nakamura, T. Nam, S. Nonaka, T. Ogio, S. Oh, S. Ohnishi, M. Ohoka, H. Ohshima, A. Okuda, T. Ormes, J. Ozawa, S. Park, I. H. Park, J. H. Rodriguez, D. Sagawa, H. Sakurai, N. Sinnis, G. Scott, L. M. Shibata, T. Shimizu, N. Shimodaira, H. Sinnis, G. Smith, J. D. Sokolsky, P. Springer, R. W. Stratton, S. R. Suzuki, S. Takeda, M. Taketa, A. Takita, M. Tameda, Y. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, H. Taylor, M. J. Teshima, M. Thomas, J. R. Thomas, S. B. Thomson, G. B. Tomida, T. Torii, R. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Udo, S. Unno, Y. Wada, Y. Wickwar, V. B. Wiencke, L. R. Wilkerson, T. D. Yamakawa, Y. Yamaoka, H. Yang, J. Yoshida, S. Yoshii, H. Yun, Y. H. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI The Telescope Array Experiment: Status and Prospects SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci ID SPECTRUM AB Telescope Array (TA) is a hybrid detector of a surface detector array and fluorescence telescopes. This hybrid detector will measure the energy spectrum, anisotropy and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) to identify their origin. The almost construction of the detector has been completed in May 2007, and the detector is running under test and adjustments. The first hybrid observation with the full configuration is planned in beginning of 2008. In this paper the status and prospects of TA detector is described. C1 [Tokuno, H.; Hayashida, N.; Hiyama, K.; Ikeda, D.; Kido, E.; Kondo, Y.; Nonaka, T.; Ohnishi, M.; Ohoka, H.; Ozawa, S.; Sagawa, H.; Shibata, T.; Takeda, M.; Taketa, A.; Takita, M.; Udo, S.; Yamakawa, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Abbasi, R. U.; Abu-Zayyad, T.; Belz, J. W.; Bergman, D. R.; Blake, S. A.; Brusova, O.; Cady, R.; Cao, Z.; Jui, C. C. H.; Martens, K.; Matthews, J. N.; Mostafa, M.; Rodriguez, D.; Smith, J. D.; Sokolsky, P.; Springer, R. W.; Thomas, J. R.; Thomas, S. B.; Wiencke, L. R.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Azuma, R.; Fukuda, T.; Iguchi, T.; Kakimoto, F.; Machida, S.; Murano, Y.; Tameda, Y.; Tsunesada, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Benno, T.; Chikawa, M.; Doura, K.] Kinki Univ, Osaka, Japan. [Bergman, D. R.; Hughes, G. A.; Scott, L. M.; Stratton, S. R.; Thomson, G. B.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Gheon, B. G.; Unno, Y.; Yun, Y. H.] Hanyang Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Chiba, J.; Miyata, K.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Noda, Chiba, Japan. [Cho, I. S.; Kwon, Y. J.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Chung, T.; Oh, S.; Park, I. H.; Park, J. H.; Yang, J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Doyle, T.; Taylor, M. J.; Wickwar, V. B.; Wilkerson, T. D.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Endo, A.; Inoue, N.; Kawana, S.; Wada, Y.] Saitama Univ, Saitama, Japan. [Fujii, H.; Matsuda, T.; Suzuki, S.; Tanaka, M.; Yamaoka, H.] Inst Particular & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hayashi, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Kawakami, S.; Matsuyama, T.; Minamino, M.; Ogio, S.; Ohshima, A.; Okuda, T.; Shimizu, N.; Tanaka, H.] Osaka City Univ, Osaka, Japan. [Honda, K.; Ikuta, K.; Ishii, T.; Kanbe, T.; Tomida, T.] Yamanashi Univ, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan. [Huenterneyer, P.; Sinnis, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kadota, K.] Musashi Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kasahara, K.] Pusan Natl Univ, ARCSEC, Pusan, South Korea. [Kawai, H.; Yoshida, S.] Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Hibino, K.] Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Matthews, J. A. J.] Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. [Nakamura, T.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ormes, J.] Kochi Univ, Kochi, Japan. [Tanaka, K.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Teshima, M.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Daejeon, South Korea. [Uchihori, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. [Yoshii, H.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Tokuno, H.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Tokuno, H.] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. RP Tokuno, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. EM htokuno@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan [18204020, 18403004, 20340057]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, PHY-0848320, PHY-0649681]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2007-341-C00020]; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-21088-0]; Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR [07-02-00820a, 09-07-00388a (INR)]; FNRS [1.5.335.08]; Belgian Science Policy FX The Telescope Array experiment is supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan through Kakenhi grants on priority area (431) Highest Energy Cosmic Rays, basic research awards 18204020(A), 18403004(B) and 20340057(B); by the U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-0307098, PHY-0601915, PHY-0703893, PHY-0758342, and PHY-0848320 (Utah) and PHY-0649681 (Rutgers); by the Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2007-341-C00020); by the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF, R01-2007-000-21088-0); by the Russian Academy of Sciences, RFBR grants 07-02-00820a and 09-07-00388a (INR), the FNRS contract 1.5.335.08, IISN and Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VI/11 (ULB). The foundations of Dr. Ezekiel R. and Edna Wattis Dumke, Willard L. Eccles and the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles all helped with generous donations. The State of Utah supported the project through its Economic Development Board, and the University of Utah through the Office of the Vice President for Research. The experimental site became available through the cooperation of the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Air Force. We also wish to thank the people and the officials of Millard County, Utah, for their steadfast and warm supports. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions and the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing (CHPC). NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 062027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/6/062027 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900143 ER PT J AU Kass, MD AF Kass, Michael D. BE Yang, L TI Corrosion monitoring in engine exhaust systems SO TECHNIQUES FOR CORROSION MONITORING SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Kass, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM kassmd@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 187 5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2008 BP 541 EP 557 DI 10.1533/9781845694050.4.541 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BOH47 UT WOS:000276654200022 ER PT B AU Burke, DL AF Burke, D. L. CA LSST Collaborat BE Kaufer, A Kerber, F TI Photometric calibration of LSST data SO THE 2007 ESO INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION WORKSHOP SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ESO Instrument Calibration Workshop CY JAN 23-26, 2007 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CATALOG; SYSTEM AB Science studies made by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will reach systematic limits in nearly all cases. Requirements for accurate photometric measurements are particularly challenging. Advantage will be taken of the rapid cadence and pace of the LSST survey to use celestial sources to monitor stability and uniformity of photometric data. A new technique using a tunable laser is being developed to calibrate the wavelength dependence of the total telescope and camera system throughput. Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric extinction and emission will be made continuously to allow the broad-band optical flux observed in the instrument to be corrected to flux at the top of the atmosphere. Calibrations with celestial sources will be compared to instrumental and atmospheric calibrations. C1 [Burke, D. L.; LSST Collaborat] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Burke, DL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM daveb@slac.stanford.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76962-0 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 415 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76963-7_56 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHW11 UT WOS:000256954700056 ER PT J AU Male, L Marritt, SJ Berks, BC Cheesman, MR van Wonderen, JH George, SJ Butt, JN AF Male, Louise Marritt, Sophie J. Berks, Ben C. Cheesman, Myles R. van Wonderen, Jessica H. George, Simon J. Butt, Julea N. TI Protein voltammetry and spectroscopy: integrating approaches SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome c(2); cytochrome bd; infrared spectroscopy; magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy; spectroelectrochemistry ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; C NITRITE REDUCTASE; CYTOCHROME-C; FILM VOLTAMMETRY; REDOX ENZYMES; RHODOVULUM-SULFIDOPHILUM; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; COMPLEX AB Cyclic voltammetry readily visualizes the redox properties of many proteins. Net electron exchange between the protein and an electrode produces an electrical current that simultaneously quantitates and characterizes the underlying redox event(s). However, no direct information regarding the molecular origin, or consequences, of electron transfer is available. Integrating voltammetric and spectroscopic methods is one route to a more 'holistic' description of protein electron transfer. Here, we illustrate this approach with spectroelectrochemical studies of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum cytochrome c(2) and Escherichia coli cytochrome bd that employ electronic absorbance, infra-red and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. C1 [Male, Louise; Marritt, Sophie J.; Cheesman, Myles R.; van Wonderen, Jessica H.; Butt, Julea N.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci & Pharmacy, Ctr Metalloprot Spect & Biol, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Berks, Ben C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. [George, Simon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Butt, JN (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci & Pharmacy, Ctr Metalloprot Spect & Biol, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM j.butt@uea.ac.uk RI van Wonderen, Jessica/A-9728-2013; Butt, Julea/E-2133-2011 OI Butt, Julea/0000-0002-9624-5226 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s00214-006-0233-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 244NF UT WOS:000251871900011 ER PT S AU Liu, XY Biner, SB AF Liu, X. -Y. Biner, S. B. BE Tikare, V Murch, GE Soisson, F Kang, JK TI Dynamical interaction between thermally activated glide of screw dislocation and self-interstitial clusters in bcc Fe SO THEORY, MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MULTI-PHYSICS MATERIALS BEHAVIOR SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory, Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Multi-Physics Materials Behavior held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE molecular dynamics; screw dislocations; self-interstitial clusters; bcc iron ID DEFECTS; IRON AB Constant strain rate molecular dynamics simulations under the modified boundary conditions were performed to elucidate the interaction processes between the kink motion of screw dislocation and the glissile self-interstitial atom cluster loops in bcc Fe by using an EAM potential for Fe fitted to ab initio forces. The junction formation and the helical dislocation mechanisms were identified as two possible interaction processes. In the junction mechanism, the initial Burgers; vector 1/2 < 111 > of the cluster loop was transformed into < 100 >. In the helical dislocation mechanism first the absorption, followed by the formation of the helical dislocation and the emission of the cluster loop through Hirsch mechanism was observed. Substantial hardening was seen as result of the interactions. The stress-strain plots obtained for different loop sizes, temperature and strain rates were used to estimate the strengthening factors. C1 [Liu, X. -Y.; Biner, S. B.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2008 VL 139 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Mechanics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHY50 UT WOS:000257457900009 ER PT S AU Chen, Q Liu, XY Biner, SB AF Chen, Q. Liu, X. -Y. Biner, S. B. BE Tikare, V Murch, GE Soisson, F Kang, JK TI The effects of solute segregation on the evolution and strength of dislocation junctions SO THEORY, MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MULTI-PHYSICS MATERIALS BEHAVIOR SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory, Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Multi-Physics Materials Behavior held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE dislocation dynamics; kinetic Monte Carlo; dislocation junction; solute segregation ID SIMULATION; FIELD AB In this study, the role of solute segregation on the strength and the evolution behavior of dislocation junctions is studied by utilizing kinetic Monte Carlo and 3D dislocation dynamics simulations. The different solute concentrations and the character of the junctions are all included in the simulations in an effort to make a parametric investigation. The results indicate that solute segregation can lead to both strengthening and weakening behavior depending upon the evolution of the dislocation junctions. C1 [Chen, Q.; Liu, X. -Y.; Biner, S. B.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM qianchen@iastate.edu; xyliu@ameslab.gov; sbbiner@iastate.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2008 VL 139 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Mechanics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHY50 UT WOS:000257457900010 ER PT S AU Cooper, WA Graves, JP Hirshman, SP Merkel, P Kisslinger, J Wobig, HFG Watanabe, KY Narushima, Y AF Cooper, W. A. Graves, J. P. Hirshman, S. P. Merkel, P. Kisslinger, J. Wobig, H. F. G. Watanabe, K. Y. Narushima, Y. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI 3D Plasma Equilibrium and Stability with Hot Particle Anisotropic Pressure SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys DE Equilibrium; fluid stability; pressure anisotropy; LHD; Bi-Maxwellian; beta ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; INSTABILITY; LHD AB The anisotropic pressure free-boundary three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium code ANIMEC with nested magnetic flux surfaces has been developed as an extension of the VMEC2000 code. The preconditioning algorithm included is exploited to allow the computation of equilibrium states with radial force balance error improvements exceeding 4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-conditioned results. Large off-axis energetic particle deposition has been applied in a 2-field period quasiaxisymmetric stellarator reactor at similar or equal to 4.5% to test the limitations of the code. The hot particle pressures are roughly uniform around the flux surfaces when p(parallel to) > p(perpendicular to). The fast particle perpendicular pressures localise in the region of deposition for p(perpendicular to) > p(parallel to), while the energetic particle parallel pressures concentrate oil the low-field side. Two anisotropic pressure models for global fluid stability implemented in the TERPSICHORE code have been applied to the LAD Heliotron for a sequence of equilibria with fixed similar or equal to 5% ( similar or equal to 3.5%) varying the fast particle temperature ratio T parallel to/T perpendicular to. Global magnetohydrodynamic modes are quasi-stable according to the Model with rigid hot particle layers, while they become stabilised according, to the fully interacting energetic particle model with increasing T-parallel to/T-perpendicular to. As T-parallel to/T-perpendicular to approaches 3, however, the n = 1 mode family becomes unstable. A transition front a nearly stable quasi-external ballooning-interchange Structure to a weakly unstable internal kink mode takes place. The investigation of beam-driven fusion in a Heliotron system is broached. A background plasma with cold ions and warm electrons at similar or equal to 1% is examined with fixed T-parallel to/T-perpendicular to = 10 in which the bot particle contribution to is increased. An equilibrium limit is reached when the hot parallel component exceeds 6.1%. The rigid model predicts stability, While the fully interacting, model shows stabilisation for greater than 3%. C1 [Cooper, W. A.; Graves, J. P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc EURATOM Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hirshman, S. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Merkel, P.; Kisslinger, J.; Wobig, H. F. G.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. [Watanabe, K. Y.; Narushima, Y.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. RP Cooper, WA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc EURATOM Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM wilfred.cooper@cpfl.ch FU Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique FX One of us (WAC) would like to acknowledge the hospitality of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory where a part of this research was undertaken. This work was partially sponsored by the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 40 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400004 ER PT S AU Lee, WW Ethier, S Ganesh, R Kolesnokov, R Wang, WX AF Lee, W. W. Ethier, S. Ganesh, R. Kolesnokov, R. Wang, W. X. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Multiscale Turbulence Simulation and Steady State Transport SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys DE gyrokinetics; turbulence; simulation ID GYROKINETIC PARTICLE SIMULATION; GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; TOROIDAL GEOMETRY; TOKAMAK; MICROTURBULENCE; INSTABILITIES; EQUATIONS AB A recent series of investigations on ion temperature gradient (ITG) drift instabilities based on multiscale gyrokinetic particle particle simulation have been carried out to address the questions concerning 1) the interactions between the global zonal flow modes and the mesoscale ITG turbulence. 2) the interplay between these instabilities and the resulting profile modifications and 3) the numerical noise issue in long time simulations. This purpose here is to review these results and to use them to shed some light on the question of steady state transport of ITG turbulence. C1 [Lee, W. W.; Ethier, S.; Ganesh, R.; Kolesnokov, R.; Wang, W. X.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, WW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wwlee@pppl.giv NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 144 EP 152 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400013 ER PT S AU Sanchez, R Mier, JA Newman, DE Carreras, BA Garcia, L Leboeuf, JN Decyk, V AF Sanchez, R. Mier, J. A. Newman, D. E. Carreras, B. A. Garcia, L. Leboeuf, J. N. Decyk, V. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Scale-free transport in fusion plasmas: theory and applications SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys DE Plasma turbulence; scale-free transport; self-organization; stochastic processes ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; EDGE; CONFINEMENT; SIMILARITY; PARADIGM; TOKAMAK AB A novel approach to detect the existence of scale-free transport in turbulent flows, based on the characterization of its Lagrangian characteristics, is presented and applied to two situations relevant for tokamak plasmas. The first one. radial transport in the presence of near-critical turbulence. has been known for quite sonic time to yield scale-free. superdiffusive transport. We use it to test the method and illustrate its robustness with respect to other approaches. The second situation, radial transport across radially-sheared poloidal zonal flows driven by turbulence via the Reynold stresses. is examined for the first time in this manner. The result is rather surprising and different from the traditionally assumed diffusive behavior. Instead, radial transport behaves instead in a scale-free. subdiffusive manner. which may have implications for the modeling of transport across transport barriers. C1 [Sanchez, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB MS 6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sanchez, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB MS 6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sanchezferlr@ornl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC0500OR22725]; Spanish DGES [ENE2006-15244-C03-01/FTN]; DOE Office of Science [DE-FG02-04ER54741, DE-FG02-04ER54740]; UAF Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Cente FX Research carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for U.S. DOE under contract No.DE-AC0500OR22725. Research supported in part by Spanish DGES Grant No. ENE2006-15244-C03-01/FTN. Research supported in part by DOE Office of Science Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER54741 at University of Alaska and No. DE-FG02-04ER54740 at UCLA, and by grants from the UAF Arctic Region Supercomputing Center and at the DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 211 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400019 ER PT S AU Abel, IG Barnes, M Cowley, SC Dorland, W Hammett, GW Schekochihin, AA Tatsuno, T AF Abel, I. G. Barnes, M. Cowley, S. C. Dorland, W. Hammett, G. W. Schekochihin, A. A. Tatsuno, T. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Model Collision Operators for Numerical Gyrokinetics SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys ID SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS AB We motivate the need to include collisional dissipation in gyrokinetic turbulence simulations, and construct criteria for a physically valid model of Such dissipation. A new analytically manageable operator satisfying those criteria is presented and transformed into gyrokinetic variables. The form of conservation laws for collision operators in gyrokinetic variables is explained. Tire numerical implementation of our new operator in the code GS2 is outlined and successful tests from this code presented. C1 [Abel, I. G.; Cowley, S. C.; Schekochihin, A. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Abel, I. G.; Cowley, S. C.] UKAEA, EURATOM Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Barnes, M.; Dorland, W.; Tatsuno, T.] Univ Maryland, CSCAM, IREAP, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammett, G. W.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Abel, IG (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM i.abel07@imperial.ac.uk RI Schekochihin, Alexander/C-2399-2009; Forkel, Stephanie/A-4018-2011; Barnes, Michael/F-4934-2011; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Forkel, Stephanie/0000-0003-0493-0283; Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 FU CASE EPSRC; UKAEA; US DoE Centre for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics; STFC [ST/F002505/1]; (UK) Advanced Fellowship FX We thank J. Hastie, D. Ernst, P. Ricci, C. Roach and B. Rogers for useful discussions. l.G.A. was supported by a CASE EPSRC studentship in association UKAEA Fusion (Culham). M.B. and T.T. were supported by US DoE Centre for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics. A.A.S. was supported by an STFC (UK) Advanced Fellowship and STFC Grant ST/F002505/1. WD. and M.B. would also like to thank the Leverhulme International Network for Magnetized Plasma Turbulence for travel support. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 233 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400021 ER PT S AU Gustafson, K Broemstrup, I Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Dorland, W Barnes, M AF Gustafson, K. Broemstrup, I. del-Castillo-Negrete, D. Dorland, W. Barnes, M. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Self-consistent particle tracking in a simulation of the entropy mode in a Z pinch SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys DE Gyrokinetics; microturbulence; Z pinch; entropy mode; nondiffusive transport ID PLASMA; TRANSPORT AB A single particle tracking technique for studying nondiffusive transport is implemented in it new particle-in-cell gyrokinetic simulation of the entropy mode in a Z pinch geometry. Radial transport is characterized in terms of tire time dependence of the variance of displacements. The vertical zonal flow dynamics of the nonlinear phase of the instability seem to cause subdiffusive traransport for ions during the simulation lengths Used here. Electrons follow subdiffusive transport, except for later little,; in the case of tire largest gradient, where tire transport becomes superdiffusive. The probability distribution of displacements shows a positive skew and long tails relative to the Gaussian distribution for both ions and electrons. C1 [Gustafson, K.; Broemstrup, I.; Dorland, W.; Barnes, M.] Univ Maryland, CSCAMM, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [del-Castillo-Negrete, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gustafson, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CSCAMM, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Barnes, Michael/F-4934-2011; OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X FU Fannie and John Hertz Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy through Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle; LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work is supported by the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy through the Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics. D. del-CastiUo-Negrete acknowledges support from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 277 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400028 ER PT S AU Zocco, A Chacon, L Simakov, AN AF Zocco, A. Chacon, L. Simakov, A. N. BE Garbet, X Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Electron inertia effects in 2D driven reconnection in electron MHD SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, CNR, Inst Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, EPFL, EURATOM Swiss Confederat Assoc, Assoc New Technologies, Energy & Environm, Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys DE Fast Reconnection; EMHD AB We propose a zero-dimensional dynamical model which describes the effects of electron inertia in electron MHD (EMHD) reconnection with resistive and viscous dissipation. Steady-state properties of the reconnection region are examined. In the resistivity-dominated regime. We find that the current sheet thickness is limited to the inertial length scale and no thinner structures can develop. Reconnection is slow and outflows are Alfvenic. A linear stability analysis suggests that elongated diffusion regions, may be preferable. On the other hand. in the viscosity-dominated regime, we find that linearly stable viscous layers. thinner than the electron inertial scale length, can develop to sustain reconnection. It this regime, the maximum reconnection rate is formally independent of dissipation and therefore potentially fast. C1 [Zocco, A.] Politecn Torino, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Chacon, L.; Simakov, A. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chacon, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zocco, A (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. OI Simakov, Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153; Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0600-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BIQ70 UT WOS:000262074400040 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, David Joseph BE Hogan, TP Yang, J Funahashi, R Tritt, TM TI Oxide thermoelectrics SO THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Thermoelectric Power Generation held 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB Thermoelectricity in oxides, especially NaxCoO2 and related materials, is discussed from the point of view of first principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. The electronic structure of this material is exceptional in that it has a combination of very narrow bands and strong hybridization between metal d states and ligand p states. As shown within the framework of conventional Boltzmann transport theory, this leads to high Seebeck coefficients even at metallic carrier densities. This suggests a strategy of searching for other narrow band oxides that can be doped metallic with mobile carriers. Some possible avenues for finding such materials are suggested. C1 [Singh, David Joseph] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-987-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1044 BP 43 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BIC65 UT WOS:000258399500005 ER PT S AU Todorov, I Chung, DY Kanatzidis, M AF Todorov, Iliya Chung, Duck-Young Kanatzidis, Mercouri BE Hogan, TP Yang, J Funahashi, R Tritt, TM TI Investigation of cubic PbS/AgSbS2 system for thermoelectric applications SO THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Themoelectric Power Generation held 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MERIT; AGPBMSBTE2+M; EFFICIENCY; FIGURE AB Investigation of a family of bulk cubic compounds with general formula AgPbmMS2+m (M = Sb, Bi) is reported. These PbS-based cubic structured quaternary systems combine a set of desirable features for efficient ZT thermoelectric materials for solar thermal power generation. AgPbmMS2+m (M = Sb, Bi) possess an average NaCl structure (Fm-3m symmetry), high melting point (991 - 1095 degrees C for M = Sb; 865 - 1091 degrees C for M = Bi), relatively wide energy gap (0.7 > E-g (eV) > 0.39 for both Sb and Bi). The systematic variation of lattice parameters, energy gap and melting point is reported. Preliminary charge transport properties are reported along with variable temperature thermal conductivity data of selected members. C1 [Todorov, Iliya; Chung, Duck-Young; Kanatzidis, Mercouri] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Todorov, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-987-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1044 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BIC65 UT WOS:000258399500015 ER PT S AU Todorov, I Chung, DY Kanatzidis, M AF Todorov, Iliya Chung, Duck-Young Kanatzidis, Mercouri BE Hogan, TP Yang, J Funahashi, R Tritt, TM TI Zintl phase as thermoelectric materials: synthesis, structure and properties of Yb(5)Al(2)Sb(6) SO THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Thermoelectric Power Generation held 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID HEAVY FERMIONS; YB14MNSB11; ANIONS AB We present the synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic properties, and electronic structure of a new member of the Zintl family, Yb(5)Al(2)Sb(6). The compound crystallizes in the Ba(5)Al(2)Bi(6) structure type. A preliminary assessment of its thermoelectric properties including electrical conductivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity are reported. Moreover, investigations of solid solutions of this phase, doping effects and chemical modifications will be presented. The room temperature conductivity, thermopower and thermal conductivity of Yb(5)Al(2)Sb(6)/0.5Ge were 1100 S/cm, 20 mu V/K, and 3.8 W/m(.)K, respectively. C1 [Todorov, Iliya; Chung, Duck-Young; Kanatzidis, Mercouri] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Todorov, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-987-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1044 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BIC65 UT WOS:000258399500028 ER PT S AU Garrett, AJ Villa-Aleman, E Kurzeja, RJ Pendergast, MM AF Garrett, Alfred J. Villa-Aleman, Eliel Kurzeja, Robert J. Pendergast, Malcolm M. BE Vavilov, VP Burleigh, DD TI Direct measurement of heat flux from cooling lake thermal imagery SO THERMOSENSE XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Confernece on Thermosense XXX CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE thermal imagery; surface heat flux; cooling lake; buoyant convection; wind stress ID TEMPERATURE AB Laboratory experiments show a linear relationship between the total heat flux from a water surface to air and the standard deviation of the surface temperature field, sigma, derived from thermal images of the water surface over a range of heat fluxes from 400 to 1800 Wm(-2). Thermal imagery and surface data were collected at two power plant cooling lakes to determine if the laboratory relationship between heat flux and sigma exists in large heated bodies of water. The heat fluxes computed from the cooling lake data range from 200 to 1400 Wm(-2). The linear relationship between sigma and Q is evident in the cooling lake data, but it is necessary to apply band pass filtering to the thermal imagery to remove camera artifacts and non-convective thermal gradients. The correlation between sigma and Q is improved if a correction to the measured sigma is made that accounts for wind speed effects on the thermal convection. Based on more than a thousand cooling lake images, the correlation coefficients between sigma and Q ranged from about 0.8 to 0.9. C1 [Garrett, Alfred J.; Villa-Aleman, Eliel; Kurzeja, Robert J.; Pendergast, Malcolm M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Garrett, AJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Highway 1, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7130-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6939 BP U177 EP U186 DI 10.1117/12.768102 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BHW24 UT WOS:000256995100022 ER PT S AU Villa-Aleman, E Salaymeh, SR Brown, TB Garrett, AJ Nichols, LS Pendergast, MM AF Villa-Aleman, E. Salaymeh, S. R. Brown, T. B. Garrett, A. J. Nichols, L. S. Pendergast, M. M. BE Vavilov, VP Burleigh, DD TI Aerial measurements of convection cell elements in heated lakes SO THERMOSENSE XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Confernece on Thermosense XXX CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imagery; aerial; convection cell elements; heat flux; nuclear power plant ID TEMPERATURE AB Power plant-heated lakes are characterized by a temperature gradient in the thermal plume originating at the discharge of the power plant and terminating at the water intake. The maximum water temperature discharged by the power plant into the lake depends on the power generated at the facility and environmental regulations on the temperature of the lake. Besides the observed thermal plume, cloud-like thermal cells (convection cell elements) are also observed on the water surface. The size, shape and temperature of the convection cell elements depends on several parameters such as the lake water temperature, wind speed, surfactants and the depth of the thermocline. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and Clemson University are collaborating to determine the applicability of laboratory empirical correlations between surface heat flux and thermal convection intensity. Laboratory experiments at Clemson University have demonstrated a simple relationship between the surface heat flux and the standard deviation of temperature fluctuations. Similar results were observed in the aerial thermal imagery SRNL collected at different locations along the thermal plume and at different elevations. SRNL will present evidence that the results at Clemson University are applicable to cooling lakes. C1 [Villa-Aleman, E.; Salaymeh, S. R.; Brown, T. B.; Garrett, A. J.; Nichols, L. S.; Pendergast, M. M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Villa-Aleman, E (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7130-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6939 BP U168 EP U176 DI 10.1117/12.778367 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BHW24 UT WOS:000256995100021 ER PT J AU Torno, MD Kaminski, MD Xie, YM Meyers, RE Mertz, CJ Liu, X O'Brien, WD Rosengart, AJ AF Torno, Michael D. Kaminski, Michael D. Xie, Yumei Meyers, Robert E. Mertz, Carol J. Liu, Xianqiao O'Brien, William D., Jr. Rosengart, Axel J. TI Improvement of in vitro thrombolysis employing magnetically-guided microspheres SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thrombolysis; magnetic spheres; ultrasound; tissue plasminogen activator; magnetic field ID TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; LOW-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND; ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; CLOT LYSIS; ACCELERATED THROMBOLYSIS; SYSTEMIC THROMBOLYSIS; ENHANCED THROMBOLYSIS; 2-MHZ ULTRASOUND; EMBOLIC STROKE; BLOOD-CLOTS AB Significant shortcomings in clinical thrombolysis efficiencies and arterial recanalization rates still exist to date necessitating the development of additional thrombolysis-enhancing technologies. For example, to improve tPA-induced systemic clot lysis several supplementary treatment methods have been proposed, among them ultrasound-enhanced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis which has already found some clinical applicability. The rationale of this study was to investigate whether biodegradable, magnetic spheres can be a useful adjuvant to currently existing tPA-induced thrombolysis and further enhance clot lysis results. Based on an envisioned, novel thrombolysis technology - magnetically-guided, tPA-loaded nanocarriers with triggered release of the shielded drug at an intravascular target site - we evaluated the lysis efficiencies of magnetically-guided, non-medicated magnetic spheres in various combinations with tPA and ultrasound. When tPA was used in conjunction with magnetic spheres and a magnetic field, the lysis efficiency under static, no-flow conditions improved by 1.7 and 2.7 fold for red and white clots, respectively. In dynamic lysis studies, the addition of ultrasound and magnetically-guided spheres to lytic tPA dosages resulted in both maximum clot lysis efficiency and shortest reperfusion time corresponding to a 2-fold increase in lysis and 7-fold reduction in recanalization time, respectively. Serial microscopic evaluations on histochemical sections reconfirmed that tPA penetration into and fragmentation of the clot increased with escalating exposure time to tPA and magnetic spheres/field. These results delineate the effectiveness of magnetic spheres as an adjuvant to tPA therapy accelerating in vitro lysis efficiencies beyond values found for tPA with and without ultrasound. We demonstrated that the supplementary use of magnetically-guided, non-medicated magnetic spheres significantly enhances in vitro static and dynamic lysis of red and white blood clots. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Torno, Michael D.; Xie, Yumei; Meyers, Robert E.; Liu, Xianqiao; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol & Surg, Neuro Crit Care & Acute Stroke Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.; Mertz, Carol J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.; O'Brien, William D., Jr.; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bioacoust Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol & Surg, Neuro Crit Care & Acute Stroke Sect, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM arosenga@neurology.bsd.uchicago.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R37 EB002641] NR 56 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2008 VL 121 IS 6 BP 799 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.08.017 PG 13 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 300MS UT WOS:000255828500013 PM 17942144 ER PT B AU Moriarty, JA Glosli, JN Hood, RQ Klepeis, JE Orlikowski, DA Soderlind, P Yang, LH AF Moriarty, John A. Glosli, James N. Hood, Randolph Q. Klepeis, John E. Orlikowski, Daniel A. Soderlind, Per Yang, Lin H. GP TMS TI Quantum-based atomistic simulation of metals at extreme conditions SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE atomistic simulation; MGPT potentials; phase transitions; melting; strength ID TRANSITION-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; PRESSURE; TANTALUM AB First-principles generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT) provides a fundamental basis for bridging the quantum-atomistic gap from density-functional quantum mechanics to large scale atomistic simulation in metals and alloys. In directionally-bonded bee transition metals, advanced generation model GPT or MGPT potentials based on canonical d bands have been developed for Ta, Mo and V and successfully applied to a wide range of thermodynamic and mechanical properties at both ambient and extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, including high-pressure phase transitions, multiphase equation of state; melting and solidification; thermoelasticity; and the atomistic simulation of point defects, dislocations and grain boundaries needed for the multiscale modeling of plasticity and strength. Recent algorithm improvements have also allowed an MGPT implementation beyond canonical bands to achieve increased accuracy, extension to f-electron actinide metals, and high computational speed. A further advance in progress is the development temperature-dependent MGPT potentials that subsume electron-thermal contributions to high-temperature properties. C1 [Moriarty, John A.; Glosli, James N.; Hood, Randolph Q.; Klepeis, John E.; Orlikowski, Daniel A.; Soderlind, Per; Yang, Lin H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moriarty, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900044 ER PT B AU Rigg, PA Schwartz, CL Hixson, RS Saunders, A Merrill, FE Morris, CL AF Rigg, P. A. Schwartz, C. L. Hixson, R. S. Saunders, A. Merrill, F. E. Morris, C. L. GP TMS TI Direct density measurements using plate impact and proton radiography SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE proton radiography; density; shock compression ID SHOCK-WAVE MEASUREMENTS; EQUATION; STATE; ALUMINUM AB Proton radiography (pRad) is a powerful new diagnostic with the potential of producing accurate (1%) direct density measurements from dynamically loaded materials. Experiments have been performed to investigate the feasibility of using proton radiography (pRad) to obtain dynamic radiographs of shock-compressed materials during plate impact experiments. This work has involved the design, manufacturing, and testing of a new 40mm single-stage, powder driven gun, the development of methods to synchronize the shock event generated with the gun to proton output, and initial proof-of-principle experiments in Area C at LANSCE. The method used to attain synchronization of the shock event to proton beam output will be discussed and the results of our initial experiments will be presented. C1 [Rigg, P. A.; Schwartz, C. L.; Hixson, R. S.; Saunders, A.; Merrill, F. E.; Morris, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rigg, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900047 ER PT B AU Gao, MC Rollett, AD Widom, M Dogan, ON King, P AF Gao, Michael C. Rollett, Anthony D. Widom, Michael Dogan, Omer N. King, Paul GP TMS TI First principles design of ductile refractory alloys SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE first principles; refractory alloys; elasticity; phase diagrams ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AL; CE; ND AB The purpose of this work is to predict elastic and thermodynamic properties of Cr-based alloys based on first-principles calculations. The ultimate goal is to develop new materials for high-temperature applications in energy systems. In this study, we choose both Poisson ratio and Rice-Thomson parameter as computational screening tool for identifying ductilizing additives to the refractory alloys. In this report, we present our preliminary results on bulk modulus and enthalpy of mixing of 25 bee Cr15X1 alloys. C1 [Gao, Michael C.; Dogan, Omer N.; King, Paul] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Gao, MC (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900063 ER PT B AU Liu, W King, D Liu, J Johnson, B Wang, Y Yang, G AF Liu, Wei King, David Liu, Jun Johnson, Brad Wang, Yong Yang, Gary GP TMS TI Critical material and process issues for CO(2) separation from coal-powered plants SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE CO(2) capture; separation; membrane; adsorbent; material ID PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION; CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; EXCHANGED ZSM-5 ZEOLITES; CALCIUM-BASED SORBENTS; FLUE-GAS; TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANES; RECOVERY; REGENERATION AB Concentrating CO(2) from the dilute coal combustion or gasification gas stream to a level suitable for sequestration purposes represents a major cost factor to curtail CO(2) emissions by capture and sequestration scheme. This paper provides a short review to CO(2) capture incentives, current separation processes, and research progress of various new technologies. Scientifically, CO(2) can be separated out of a gas mixture by all the methods reviewed in this work, distillation, absorption, adsorption, gas/solid reaction, membrane, electrochemical pump, hydrate formation, etc. The challenge lies in practical feasibility and ultimately the cost. Important material issues and their impacts to the process viability will be discussed. C1 [Liu, Wei; King, David; Liu, Jun; Johnson, Brad; Wang, Yong; Yang, Gary] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wei.liu@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 537 EP 553 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900077 ER PT B AU Cruse, TA Ingram, BJ Krumpelt, M Wang, S Salvador, PA AF Cruse, T. A. Ingram, B. J. Krumpelt, M. Wang, S. Salvador, P. A. GP TMS TI Effects of cell operating conditions on degradation by chromium SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE solid oxide fuel cell; chromium; performance ID DOPED LAMNO3 ELECTRODES; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; DEPOSITION AB This paper examines how the performance of solid oxides fuel cells (SOFC) degrades in the presence stainless steel bipolar plates as a result of chromium migration. The cells examined were commercially supplied anode supported cells with Ni/8YSZ cermet anodes, 8YSZ electrolytes, and LSM/8YSZ active cathodes. They were operated under varying temperatures and current densities, which influenced operating cell potential, degradation rate and chromium deposition for the cells. Several techniques were used to examine the cells after operation (e.g., 500 hours): transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (with both TEM and SEM), and high energy x-ray analysis at Argonne National Laboratory's Advance Photon Source. This research will provide information and a better understanding of how degradation of SOFC's by chromium occurs which will lead to a minimization of deleterious interactions between the SOPC cathode and chromium. C1 [Cruse, T. A.; Ingram, B. J.; Krumpelt, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cruse, TA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900081 ER PT B AU Safarik, DJ Schwarz, RB AF Safarik, D. J. Schwarz, R. B. GP TMS TI The 50 K anomaly in the shear modulus of beta-PdH(0.71) SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE palladium hydride; elastic constants; 50 K anomaly ID PALLADIUM DEUTERIDE; PDDX; REGION; PHASE AB We used acoustic techniques to measure the two independent shear moduli of P-phase PdH(0.71) in the range 1.4 K < T< 300 K. The temperature dependence of C' = (C(11) - C(12))/2 shows a small peak at similar to 55 K and a sigmoid-shaped decrease near 170 K. We associate the peak with the well-known "50 K anomaly", which is observed in other physical properties of beta-phase PdH(x) and PdD(x). We propose that the 50 K anomaly is a purely kinetic effect arising from the freezing of the hydrogen short-range order as the hydride is cooled. C1 [Safarik, D. J.; Schwarz, R. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Safarik, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 601 EP 607 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900085 ER PT B AU Watson, GR Rasmussen, CE AF Watson, Gregory R. Rasmussen, Craig E. BE Resch, M Keller, R Himmler, V Krammer, B Schulz, A TI An integrated environment for the development of parallel applications SO TOOLS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Parallel Tools for High Performance Computing CY JUL 07-08, 2008 CL Stuttgart, GERMANY SP HLRS AB The development of parallel applications is becoming increasingly important to a broad range of industries. Traditionally, parallel programming was a niche area that was primarily exploited by scientists trying to model extremely complicated physical phenomenon. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that continued hardware performance improvements through clock scaling and feature-size reduction are simply not going to be achievable for much longer. The hardware vendor's approach to addressing this issue is to employ parallelism through multiprocessor and multi-core technologies. While there is little doubt that this approach produces scaling improvements, there are still many significant hurdles to be overcome before parallelism can be employed as a general replacement to more traditional programming techniques. The Parallel Tools Platform (PTP) Project was created in 2005 in an attempt to provide developers with new tools aimed at addressing some of the parallel development issues. Since then, the introduction of a new generation of peta-scale and many-core systems has highlighted the need for such a platform. We describe the current state of PTP, and discuss how a new generation of tools is going to be required to meet the needs of these architectures. C1 [Watson, Gregory R.] IBM Corp, T J Watson Res Ctr, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. [Rasmussen, Craig E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87594 USA. RP Watson, GR (reprint author), IBM Corp, T J Watson Res Ctr, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM grw@us.ibm.com; crasmussen@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-68561-6 PY 2008 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68564-7_2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIF31 UT WOS:000259092200002 ER PT J AU Baker, GL Gupta, A Clark, ML Valenzuela, BR Staska, LM Harbo, SJ Pierce, JT Dill, JA AF Baker, Gregory L. Gupta, Amit Clark, Mark L. Valenzuela, Blandina R. Staska, Lauren M. Harbo, Sam J. Pierce, Judy T. Dill, Jeffery A. TI Inhalation toxicity and lung toxicokinetics of C-60 fullerene nanoparticles and microparticles SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; microparticles; particles; inhalation; fullerenes; C-60 ID WATER; EXPOSURE; CYTOTOXICITY; PARTICLES; AEROSOL AB While several recent reports have described the toxicity of water-soluble C-60 fullerene nanoparticles, none have reported the toxicity resulting from the inhalation exposures to C-60 fullerene nanoparticles or microparticles. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed male rats to C-60 fullerene nanoparticles (2.22 mg/m(3), 55 nm diameter) and microparticles (2.35 mg/m(3), 0.93 mu m diameter) for 3 h a day, for 10 consecutive days using a nose-only exposure system. Nanoparticles were created utilizing an aerosol vaporization and condensation process. Nanoparticles and microparticles were subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), XRD, and scanning laser Raman spectroscopy, which cumulatively indicated no chemical modification of the C-60 fullerenes occurred during the aerosol generation. At necropsy, no gross or microscopic lesions were observed in either group of C-60 fullerene exposures rats. Hematology and serum chemistry results found statistically significant differences, although small in magnitude, in both exposure groups. Comparisons of bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage fluid parameters identified a significant increase in protein concentration in rats exposed to C-60 fullerene nanoparticles. BAL fluid macrophages from both exposure groups contained brown pigments, consistent with C-60 fullerenes. C-60 lung particle burdens were greater in nanoparticle-exposed rats than in microparticle-exposed rats. The calculated lung deposition rate and deposition fraction were 41 and 50% greater, respectively, in C-60 fullerene nanoparticle-exposed group than the C-60 fullerene microparticle-exposed group. Lung half-lives for C-60 fullerene nanoparticles and microparticles were 26 and 29 days, respectively. In summary, this first in vivo assessment of the toxicity resulting from inhalation exposures to C-60 fullerene nanoparticles and microparticles found minimal changes in the toxicological endpoints examined. Additional toxicological assessments involving longer duration inhalation exposures are needed to develop a better and more conclusive understanding of the potential toxicity of inhaled C-60 fullerenes whether in nanoparticle or microparticle form. C1 [Baker, Gregory L.; Gupta, Amit; Clark, Mark L.; Valenzuela, Blandina R.; Staska, Lauren M.; Harbo, Sam J.; Pierce, Judy T.; Dill, Jeffery A.] Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Baker, GL (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, POB 902, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM bakerg@battelle.org NR 23 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm243 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 242HY UT WOS:000251717400011 PM 17878152 ER PT J AU Jo, WJ Loguinov, A Chang, M Wintz, H Nislow, C Arkin, AP Giaever, G Vulpe, CD AF Jo, William J. Loguinov, Alex Chang, Michelle Wintz, Henri Nislow, Corey Arkin, Adam P. Giaever, Guri Vulpe, Chris D. TI Identification of genes involved in the toxic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against iron and copper overload by parallel analysis of deletion mutants SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE metals; iron overload; copper overload; yeast; deletion mutant ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS; WILSONS-DISEASE; YEAST; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; GENOME; SEQUESTRATION; HEPATOCYTES; METABOLISM AB Iron and copper are essential nutrients for life as they are required for the function of many proteins but can be toxic if present in excess. Accumulation of these metals in the human body as a consequence of overload disorders and/or high environmental exposures has detrimental effects on health. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an accepted cellular model for iron and copper metabolism in humans primarily because of the high degree of conservation between pathways and proteins involved. Here we report a systematic screen using yeast deletion mutants to identify genes involved in the toxic response to growth-inhibitory concentrations of iron and copper sulfate. We aimed to understand the cellular responses to toxic concentrations of these two metals by analyzing the different subnetworks and biological processes significantly enriched with these genes. Our results indicate the presence of two different detoxification pathways for iron and copper that converge toward the vacuole. The product of several of the identified genes in these pathways form molecular complexes that are conserved in mammals and include the retromer, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and AP-3 complexes, suggesting that the mechanisms involved can be extrapolated to humans. Our data also suggest a disruption in ion homeostasis and, in particular, of iron after copper exposure. Moreover, the identification of treatment-specific genes associated with biological processes such as DNA double-strand break repair for iron and tryptophan biosynthesis for copper suggests differences in the mechanisms by which these two metals are toxic at high concentrations. C1 [Jo, William J.; Loguinov, Alex; Chang, Michelle; Wintz, Henri; Vulpe, Chris D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nislow, Corey; Giaever, Guri] Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Nislow, Corey; Giaever, Guri] Univ Toronto, Donnelley Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. RP Vulpe, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, 317 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vulpe@berkeley.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm226 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 242HY UT WOS:000251717400013 PM 17785683 ER PT J AU Hu, JZ Rommereim, DN Minard, KR Woodstock, A Harrer, BJ Wind, RA Phipps, RP Sime, PJ AF Hu, Jian Zhi Rommereim, Donald N. Minard, Kevin R. Woodstock, Angie Harrer, Bruce J. Wind, Robert A. Phipps, Richard P. Sime, Patricia J. TI Metabolomics in lung inflammation: A high-resolution H-1 NMR study of mice exposedto silica dust SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE H-1 NMR; MAS; metabolomics; metabolite; molecular pathways; MRI; inflammation ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS; EX-VIVO; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; MAS NMR; RAT AB Here we report the first H-1 NMR metabolomics studies on excised lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice exposed to crystalline silica. High-resolution H-1 NMR metabolic profiling on intact excised lungs was performed using slow magic angle sample spinning (slow-MAS) H-1 PASS (phase-altered spinning sidebands) at a sample spinning rate of 80 Hz. Metabolic profiling on BALF was completed using fast magic angle spinning at 2 kHz. Major findings are that the relative concentrations of choline, phosphocholine (PC), and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) were statistically significantly increased in silica-exposed mice compared to sham controls, indicating an altered membrane choline phospholipids metabolism (MCPM). The relative concentrations of glycogen/glucose, lactate, and creatine were also statistically significantly increased in mice exposed to silica dust, suggesting that cellular energy pathways were affected by silica dust. Elevated levels of glycine, lysine, glutamate, proline, and 4-hydroxyproline were also increased in exposed mice, suggesting the activation of a collagen pathway. Furthermore, metabolic profiles in mice exposed to silica dust were found to be spatially heterogeneous, consistent with regional inflammation revealed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). C1 [Hu, Jian Zhi; Rommereim, Donald N.; Minard, Kevin R.; Woodstock, Angie; Harrer, Bruce J.; Wind, Robert A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Phipps, Richard P.; Sime, Patricia J.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Hu, JZ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jianzhi.Hu@pnl.gov; Patricia_Sime@URMC.Rochester.edu RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL075432, R01 HL075432-04, T32 HL066988]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE011390, R01 DE011390-20]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES001247, P30 ES001247-25S10109, P30 ES001247-36] NR 87 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 385 EP 398 DI 10.1080/15376510701611032 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 317OK UT WOS:000257029300001 PM 20020862 ER PT S AU Ghani, N Liu, Q Rao, NSV Gumaste, A AF Ghani, Nasir Liu, Qing Rao, Nageswara S. V. Gumaste, Ashwin BE Dutta, R Kamal, AE Rouskas, GN TI Multi-Domain Traffic Grooming SO TRAFFIC GROOMING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS: FOUNDATIONS, TECHNIQUES, AND FRONTIERS SE Optical Networks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NETWORKS C1 [Ghani, Nasir; Liu, Qing] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gumaste, Ashwin] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bombay 4000076, Maharashtra, India. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ghani, N (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nghani@ece.unm.edu; raons@ornl.gov; ashwing@ieee.org NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1935-3839 BN 978-0-387-74517-6 J9 OPT NETW PY 2008 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-74517-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74518-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BKA02 UT WOS:000267561800015 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Buscheck, TA Hao, Y AF Sun, Yunwei Buscheck, Thomas A. Hao, Yue TI Modeling reactive transport using exact solutions for first-order reaction networks SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE reactive transport; first-order reaction; operator splitting; numerical modeling; analytical solution ID DISPERSION-REACTION EQUATION; OPERATOR-SPLITTING TECHNIQUE; FIRST-ORDER REACTION; MULTISPECIES TRANSPORT; MULTICOMPONENT; SIMULATION; BIODEGRADATION; COMPONENTS; ERRORS AB Operator splitting is often used for solving advection-dispersion-reaction (ADR) equations. Each operator can be solved separately using an algorithm appropriate to its mathematical behavior. Although a lot of research has been done in operator splitting for solving ADR equations, numerical approaches for the reaction operator are computationally expensive. To meet the convergence criteria of ODE (ordinary differential equation) or DAE (differential algebraic equation) solvers, a transport time step has to be subdivided into a large number of reaction time steps. Additional computation effort is also required to reduce the splitting error. In this paper, we develop exact solutions of various first-order reaction networks for the reaction operator and couple those solutions with numerical solutions of the transport operator. The reactions are treated as local phenomena and simulated using exact solutions that we develop, while advection and dispersion are treated as global processes and simulated numerically. The proposed method avoids the numerical error from the reaction operator and requires a single-step calculation to solve the reaction operator. Compared to conventional operator-splitting methods, the proposed method offers both computational efficiency and simulation accuracy. C1 [Sun, Yunwei; Buscheck, Thomas A.; Hao, Yue] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 808,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sun4@llnl.gov RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 2008 VL 71 IS 2 BP 217 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s11242-007-9121-8 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 255FQ UT WOS:000252643300007 ER PT B AU Tieszen, SR Gritzo, LA AF Tieszen, S. R. Gritzo, L. A. BE Sunden, B Faghri, M TI Transport phenomena that affect heat transfer in fully turbulent fires SO TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN FIRES SE International Series on Developments in Heat Transfer LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ETHYLENE DIFFUSION FLAMES; BUOYANT PLUMES; SOOT FORMATION; METHANE FIRE; POOL FIRES; FLOW-FIELD; DYNAMICS; JET; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS AB Transport phenomena within large (i.e. fully turbulent) fires comprise the foundational mechanisms for several principal fire hazards including smoke production and heat transfer to engulfed and adjacent objects. These phenomena are becoming sufficiently well known that quantitative descriptions are foreseeable. In this chapter, the authors present the current state of knowledge and emphasize unknown phenomena as well as areas in need of additional research to enable deep understanding and quantitative prediction of hazards posed by these fires. The tightly coupled, nonlinear transport phenomena of large fires, as opposed to chemically reacting flows in engineered systems which have been more extensively studied by the general combustion community, are discussed. These phenomena include (1) the large length and timescale range of transport phenomena with an emphasis on the challenges of computing and experimentation; (2) fluid dynamics including turbulence and the effect of buoyancy over the length scale range including the coupling between scalar and momentum fields; and (3) radiative properties and transport including local and global characterization of the radiative emission source term. The discussion is supported by physical considerations based on analysis of data and established models. The results provide a basis to understand physical transport phenomena in large fires and lay the foundation for the understanding needed to predict fire hazards. C1 [Tieszen, S. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gritzo, L. A.] FM Global, Norwood, MA USA. RP Tieszen, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84564-160-3 J9 INT SER DEV HEAT TRA PY 2008 BP 25 EP 67 D2 10.2495/978-1-84564-160-3 PG 43 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BKE64 UT WOS:000267896500002 ER PT J AU Greene, DL AF Greene, David L. TI Vehicles and E85 Stations Needed to Achieve Ethanol Goals SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB An analysis of the number of stations and vehicles necessary to achieve future goals for sales of ethanol fuel (E85) is presented. Issues related to the supply of ethanol, which may turnout to be of even greater concern, are not analyzed here. A model of consumers' decisions to purchase E85 versus gasoline based on prices, availability, and refueling frequency is derived, and preliminary results for 2010,2017, and 2030 consistent with the president's 2007 biofuels program goals are presented. A limited sensitivity analysis is carried out to indicate key uncertainties in the trade-off between the number of stations and fuels. The analysis indicates that to meet a 2017 goal of 26 billion gallons of E85 sold, on the order of 30% to 80% of all stations may need to offer E85 and that 125 to 200 million flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) may need to be on the road, even if oil prices remain high. These conclusions are tentative for three reasons: there is considerable uncertainty about key parameter values, such as the price elasticity of choice between E85 and gasoline; the future prices of E85 and gasoline are uncertain; and the method of analysis used is highly aggregated-it does not consider the potential benefits of regional strategies or the possible existence of market segments predisposed to purchase E85. Nonetheless, the preliminary results indicate that the 2017 biofuels program goals are ambitious and will require a massive effort to produce enough FFVs and ensure widespread availability of E85. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM dlgreene@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2008 IS 2058 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.3141/2058-21 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 374UD UT WOS:000261068300021 ER PT J AU Ozturk, A Ezirmik, KV Kazmanli, K Urgen, M Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Oeztuerk, A. Ezirmik, K. V. Kazmanli, K. Uergen, M. Eryilmaz, O. L. Erdemir, A. TI Comparative tribological behaviors of TiN-, CrN- and MoN-Cu nanocomposite coatings SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE friction and wear; crystal chemistry; nanocomposite coatings; Raman spectroscopy ID PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CRYSTAL-CHEMICAL APPROACH; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HARD COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; N FILMS; SOLID OXIDES; ARC-PVD; PART I AB The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative tribological behaviors of Cu-doped TiN, CrN, and MoN coatings under a wide range of dry sliding conditions. TiN and CrN coatings have been developed and used by industry in numerous tribological applications including, machining, manufacturing and transportation. In contrast, MoN has attracted very little attention as a tribological coating in the past, despite being much harder than both TiN and CrN. In this paper, we will mainly concentrate on the Cu-doped versions of these coatings whose tribological properties have not yet been fully explored. The results of this study have confirmed that the addition of Cu into TiN, CrN and MoN coatings has indeed modified the grain size and morphology, but had a beneficial effect only on the friction and wear behavior of MoN. The tribological behavior of CrN did not change much with the addition of Cu but that of TiN became worse after Cu additions. Raman spectroscopy technique was used to elucidate the structural and chemical natures of the oxide films forming on sliding surfaces of Cu-doped TiN, CrN and MoN films. The differences in the friction and wear behavior of Cu-doped TiN, CrN, and MoN is fully considered and a mechanistic explanation has been provided using the principles of a crystal chemical model that can relate the lubricity of complex oxides to their ionic potentials. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Tribol Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Urgen, M (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM urgen@itu.edu.tr RI Urgen, Mustafa/D-5422-2014; Kazmanli, Kursat/O-2062-2013 OI Urgen, Mustafa/0000-0003-3549-0049; NR 48 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.04.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 222CU UT WOS:000250274500007 ER PT J AU Asay, DB Dugger, MT Kim, SH AF Asay, David B. Dugger, Michael T. Kim, Seong H. TI In-situ vapor-phase lubrication of MEMS SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; lubrication; vapor phase; alcohol ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; ADHESION; DEPENDENCE; MONOLAYER; SURFACE AB In-situ vapor-phase lubrication of sidewall MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) devices is investigated with 1-pentanol vapor. The 1-pentanol vapor successfully maintains lubricating properties between silicon contacts of MEMS devices. This is attributed to the ability of alcohol to adsorb on the silicon surface and sustain a lubricating layer, which prevents wear of the MEMS surfaces and minimizes friction. In the presence of these vapors, MEMS devices with sliding contacts operated without failure for up to a factor of 1.7 x 10(4) longer than in dry N-2 gas alone, representing a dramatic improvement in operating life. Adhesion and friction were also investigated as a function of alcohol vapor pressure. The adhesive force between microfabricated MEMS sidewall surfaces increases from similar to 30 to similar to 60 nN as the alcohol vapor pressure is increased from 0 to 20% of saturation, and then only slightly increases to similar to 75 nN at 95% of saturation vapor pressure. This increase in force is well within the capabilities of even the lowest force on-chip actuators, such as electrostatic comb drives which can typically generate a few mu N of force. The static friction force was found to be independent of alcohol vapor pressure within the uncertainties in the measurement. C1 [Asay, David B.; Kim, Seong H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dugger, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mtdugge@sandia.gov; shkim@engr.psu.edu NR 22 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s11249-007-9283-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 244YM UT WOS:000251901400008 ER PT J AU Rawers, JC Tylczak, JH Alman, DE AF Rawers, J. C. Tylczak, J. H. Alman, D. E. TI Wear Evaluation of High Interstitial Stainless Steels SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Carbon; Hardness; Strength; Wear AB A new series of high nitrogen-carbon manganese stainless steel alloys are studied for their wear resistance. High nitrogen and carbon concentrations were obtained by melting elemental iron-chromium-manganese (several with minor alloy additions of nickel, silicon, and molybdenum) in a nitrogen atmosphere and adding elemental graphite. The improvement in material properties (hardness and strength) with increasing nitrogen and carbon interstitial concentration was consistent with previously reported improvements in similar material properties alloyed with nitrogen only. Wear tests included: scratch, pin-on-disk, sand-rubber-wheel, impeller, and jet erosion. Additions of interstitial nitrogen and carbon as well as interstitial nitrogen and carbide precipitates were found to greatly improve material properties. In general, with increasing nitrogen and carbon concentrations, strength, hardness, and wear resistance increased. C1 [Rawers, J. C.; Tylczak, J. H.; Alman, D. E.] US DOE, NETL, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, JC (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1080/10402000802071285 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 374OO UT WOS:000261053800010 ER PT S AU White, RB AF White, R. B. BE Benkadda, S TI Tearing modes in tokamaks SO TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ITER International Summer School CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP ITER Org, CNRS, Univ Provence, CEA, MEXT, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Reg PACA, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Communaute Pays Aix, Inst Polit Sci Aix Provcence DE equilibrium; tearing; magnetic coordinates; sawteeth; disruptions AB This lecture gives a basic introduction to magnetic fields, magnetic surface destruction, toroidal equilibrium and tearing modes in a tokamak, including the linear and nonlinear development of these modes and their modification by current drive and bootstrap current, and sawtooth oscillations and disruptions. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP White, RB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Whitman, Richard/0000-0002-9105-4180 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0534-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1013 BP 59 EP 75 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHT89 UT WOS:000256347000004 ER PT S AU Diamond, PH McDevitt, CJ Gurcan, O Hahm, TS Naulin, V AF Diamond, P. H. McDevitt, C. J. Gurcan, O. E. Hahm, T. S. Naulin, V. BE Benkadda, S TI Transport of parallel momentum by collisionless drift wave turbulence SO TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ITER International Summer School CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP ITER Org, CNRS, Univ Provence, CEA, MEXT, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Reg PACA, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Communaute Pays Aix, Inst Polit Sci Aix Provence DE impurities; turbulence; tokamaks; transport ID C-MOD PLASMAS; TOROIDAL ROTATION; EDGE TURBULENCE; POLOIDAL ROTATION; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK PLASMA; VELOCITY-SHEAR; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CONFINEMENT; DIFFUSION AB This paper presents a novel, unified approach to the theory of turbulent transport of parallel momentum by collisionless drift waves. The physics of resonant and non-resonant off-diagonal contributions to the momentum flux is emphasized, and collisionless momentum exchange between waves and particles is accounted for. Two related momentum conservation theorems are derived. These relate the resonant particle momentum flux, the wave momentum flux and the refractive force. A perturbative calculation, in tire spirit of Chapman-Enskog theory, is used to obtain the wave momentum flux, which contributes significantly to the residual stress. A general equation for mean k(parallel to) (< k(parallel to)>) is derived and used to develop a generalized theory of symmetry breaking, The resonant particle momentum flux is calculated, and pinch and residual stress effects are identified. The implications of the theory for intrinsic rotation and momentum transport bifurcations are discussed. C1 [Diamond, P. H.; McDevitt, C. J.; Gurcan, O. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hahm, T. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Naulin, V.] Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Diamond, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Naulin , Volker/A-2419-2012; Gurcan, Ozgur/A-1362-2013; OI Naulin , Volker/0000-0001-5452-9215; Gurcan, Ozgur/0000-0002-2278-1544; McDevitt, Christopher/0000-0002-3674-2909 NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0534-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1013 BP 76 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHT89 UT WOS:000256347000005 ER PT S AU White, RB AF White, R. B. BE Benkadda, S TI High energy particles in tokamaks SO TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ITER International Summer School CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP ITER Org, CNRS, Univ Provence, CEA, MEXT, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Reg PACA, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Communaute Pays Aix, Inst Polit Sci Aix Provcence DE guiding center motion; tokamaks; magnetic perturbations; beam particle interaction; fishbone; sawtooth ID OSCILLATIONS; MODES AB This lecture covers the derivation of guiding center equations in a tokamak, orbit classification, the effect of magnetic perturbations and ripple, the interaction of particles with magnetohydrodyanamic modes, including passing particle resonance, toroidal Alfven mode drive and saturation, the fishbone mode, and sawtooth stabilization. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP White, RB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0534-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1013 BP 127 EP 142 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHT89 UT WOS:000256347000007 ER PT S AU Hahm, TS AF Hahm, T. S. BE Benkadda, S TI Introduction to turbulent transport in tokamak core SO TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ITER International Summer School CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP ITER Org, CNRS, Univ Provence, CEA, MEXT, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Reg PACA, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Communaute Pays Aix, Inst Polit Sci Aix Provence ID E X B; GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; REVERSED SHEAR PLASMAS; ZONAL FLOWS; TOROIDAL ROTATION; DRIFT WAVES; SIMULATIONS; MODES; MOMENTUM AB In the past decade, considerable progress in understanding tokamak core turbulence and transport has been made thanks to advances in experimental measurements, gyrokinetic simulations, and nonlinear theory. In this lecture, a few examples for which effective interactions among theorists and experimentalists led to significant achievements will be illustrated. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hahm, TS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0534-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1013 BP 166 EP 173 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHT89 UT WOS:000256347000009 ER PT S AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D. BE Benkadda, S TI Non-diffusive transport modeling: statistical basis and applications SO TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN FUSION PLASMA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ITER International Summer School CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP ITER Org, CNRS, Univ Provence, CEA, MEXT, French Minist Foreign Affairs, Reg PACA, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Communaute Pays Aix, Inst Polit Sci Aix Provence DE non-diffusive transport; fusion plasmas; fractional diffusion; Levy processes ID TIME RANDOM-WALKS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; PLASMA TURBULENCE; FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; CHAOTIC TRANSPORT; LEVY FLIGHTS; EQUATIONS; FLOW; SHEAR C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0534-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1013 BP 207 EP 239 PG 33 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHT89 UT WOS:000256347000012 ER PT J AU Kaya, S Uner, D AF Kaya, Sarp Uner, Deniz TI CO Oxidation over Mono and Bi-Metallic Sequentially Impregnated Pd-Pt Catalysts SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CO oxidation; bimetallic catalysts; palladium; platinum ID HYDROGEN CHEMISORPTION; SURFACE SEGREGATION; LASER VAPORIZATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BULK ALLOYS; PALLADIUM; ADSORPTION; NANOCLUSTERS; CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS AB The CO oxidation capability of sequentially impregnated Pd-Pt/gamma-Al(2)O(3) bimetallic catalysts was tested. The CO oxidation light-off curves were hierarchically spaced between monometallic Pd and monometallic Pt, which showed the highest and lowest activity, respectively, indicating that sequential impregnation did not result in the formation of bimetallic particles, but that the catalysts remained as monometallic entities over the support surface. An investigation of the effect of CO partial pressure on the reaction rates over monometallic catalysts indicated that in the presence of excess CO the surface of Pt was poisoned. On the other hand, in the presence of excess CO the reaction rates over Pd catalysts remained constant due to the availability of the subsurface oxygen pools in PdO layers. C1 [Kaya, Sarp; Uner, Deniz] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Kaya, Sarp] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Uner, D (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM uner@metu.edu.tr RI Kaya, Sarp/C-4001-2008; Uner, Deniz/P-5819-2015 OI Kaya, Sarp/0000-0002-2591-5843; Uner, Deniz/0000-0001-8585-3691 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, TR-06100 ANKARA, TURKEY SN 1300-0527 J9 TURK J CHEM JI Turk. J. Chem. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 645 EP 652 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 366CP UT WOS:000260458500013 ER PT B AU Narumanchi, S Kelly, K Mihalic, M Gopalan, S Hester, R Vlahinos, A AF Narumanchi, Sreekant Kelly, Kenneth Mihalic, Mark Gopalan, Shridhar Hester, Russ Vlahinos, Andreas BE Wesling, P Erickson, K TI Single-phase self-oscillating jets for enhanced heat transfer SO TWENTY FOURTH ANNUAL IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 16-20, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE CMPT, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE self-oscillating; jets; IGBTs; power electronics; free-surface; submerged; heat transfer; cooling AB In hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the inverter is a critical component in the power module, which conditions the flow of electric power between the AC motor and the DC battery pack. The inverter includes a number of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are high frequency switches used in bi-directional DC-AC conversion. The heat generated in the IGBTs can result in degraded performance, reduced lifetime, and component failures. Heat fluxes as high as 250 W/cm(2) may occur, which makes the thermal management problem quite important. In this paper, the potential of self-oscillating jets to cool IGBTs in HEV power modules is investigated experimentally. A full factorial design of experiments was used to explore the impact of nozzle design, oscillation frequency, jet flow rate, nozzle-to-target distance, and jet configuration (free-surface or submerged) on heat transfer from a simulated electronic chip surface. In the free-surface configuration, self-oscillating jets yielded up to 18% enhancement in heat transfer over a steady jet with the same parasitic power consumption. An enhancement of up to 30% for the same flow rate (and velocity since all nozzles have the same exit area) was measured. However, in the submerged configuration, amongst the nozzle designs tested, the self-oscillating jets did not yield any enhancements in heat transfer over comparable steady jets. Results also suggest that oscillating jets provide a more uniform surface temperature distribution than steady jets. C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant; Kelly, Kenneth; Mihalic, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gopalan, Shridhar; Hester, Russ] Bowles Fluid Corp, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Vlahinos, Andreas] LLC, Adv Engn Solut, Castle Rock, CO 80104 USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Sreekant_narumanchi@nrel.gov FU Susan Rogers; Technology Development Manager; Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines; DOE Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technologies Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Susan Rogers, Technology Development Manager, Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines, DOE Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technologies Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The authors would like to acknowledge Desikan Bharathan and Keith Gawlik for helpful discussions regarding the experimental apparatus. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2123-7 PY 2008 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BHO80 UT WOS:000254895900027 ER PT B AU Hereld, M Papka, ME AF Hereld, Mark Papka, Michael E. GP IEEE TI The Data Analysis Computing Hierarchy SO ULTRA VIS: 2008 WORKSHOP ON ULTRASCALE VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultrascale Visualization CY NOV 16, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE Scientific visualization; Data processing; Computer aided analysis AB With the dramatic increases in simulation complexity and resolution comes an equally dramatic challenge for resources, both computational and storage, needed to facilitate analysis and understanding of the results. Traditionally these needs have been met by powerful workstations equipped with sophisticated analysis tools and special purpose visualization hardware. More and more these personal computing resources are unable to manage the so-called data deluge without significant support from additional high-end resources. The response to this crisis is taking shape in the form of an additional layer in the analysis pipeline: the visual and data analysis cluster. This High Performance Computing resource stands somewhere between the source of the data deluge (a supercomputer simulation or a large data collection experiment) and the user's personal computer. In this paper we discuss (1) the scale and character of a few current large-data enterprises, (2) a descriptive hierarchical model of the computation and analysis pipeline, and (3) some of the capabilities that will need to be developed in order for such an architecture to meet the challenges of efficient analysis in the face of huge datasets, I/O bottlenecks, and remote users. C1 [Hereld, Mark; Papka, Michael E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hereld, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hereld@mcs.anl.gov; papka@anl.gov OI Hereld, Mark/0000-0002-0268-2880 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2861-8 PY 2008 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BMF06 UT WOS:000272066000002 ER PT B AU Peterka, T Ross, R Yu, HF Ma, KL Kendall, W Huang, J AF Peterka, Tom Ross, Robert Yu, Hongfeng Ma, Kwan-Liu Kendall, Wesley Huang, Jian GP IEEE TI Assessing Improvements to the Parallel Volume Rendering Pipeline at Large Scale SO ULTRA VIS: 2008 WORKSHOP ON ULTRASCALE VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultrascale Visualization CY NOV 16, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE Parallel volume rendering; distributed scientific visualization; software raycasting; load balancing, scalability, multithreading ID VISUALIZATION AB Computational science's march toward the petascale demands innovations in analysis and visualization of the resulting datasets. As scientists generate terabyte and petabyte data, it is insufficient to measure the performance of visual analysis algorithms by rendering speed only, because performance is dominated by data movement. We take a systemwide view in analyzing the performance of software volume rendering on the IBM Blue Gene/P at over 10,000 cores by examining the relative costs of the I/O, rendering, and compositing portions of the volume rendering algorithm. This examination uncovers room for improvement in data input, load balancing, memory usage, image compositing, and image output. We present four improvements to the basic algorithm to address these bottlenecks. We show the benefit of an alternative rendering distribution scheme that improves load balance, and how to scale memory usage so that large data and image sizes do not overload system memory. To improve compositing, we experiment with a hybrid MPI - multithread programming model, and to mitigate the high cost of I/O, we implement multiple parallel pipelines to partially hide the I/O cost when rendering many time steps. Measuring the benefits of these techniques at scale reinforces the conclusion that BG/P is an effective platform for volume rendering of large datasets and that our volume rendering algorithm, enhanced by the techniques presented here, scales to large problem and system sizes. C1 [Peterka, Tom; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yu, Hongfeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kendall, Wesley; Huang, Jian] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Peterka, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tpeterka@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]; NSF [CNS-0551727, CCF-0325934]; DOE [DE-FC0206ER25777] FX We thank John Blondin and Anthony Mezzacappa for making their dataset available for this research. This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357. Work is also supported in part by NSF through grants CNS-0551727, CCF-0325934, and by DOE with agreement No. DE-FC0206ER25777. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2861-8 PY 2008 BP 13 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BMF06 UT WOS:000272066000003 ER PT B AU Ahrens, J Lo, LT Nouanesengsy, B Patchett, J McPherson, A AF Ahrens, James Lo, Li-Ta Nouanesengsy, Boonthanome Patchett, John McPherson, Allen GP IEEE TI Petascale Visualization: Approaches and Initial Results SO ULTRA VIS: 2008 WORKSHOP ON ULTRASCALE VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultrascale Visualization CY NOV 16, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB With the advent of the first petascale supercomputer, Los Alamos's Roadrunner, there is a pressing need to address how to visualize petascale data. The crux of the petascale visualization performance problem is interactive rendering, since it is the most computationally intensive portion of the visualization process. For terascale platforms, commodity clusters with graphics processors (GPUs) have been used for interactive rendering. For petascale platforms, visualization and rendering may be able to run efficiently on the supercomputer platform itself. In this work, we evaluated the rendering performance of multi-core CPU and GPU-based processors. To achieve high-performance on multi-core processors, we tested with multi-core optimized raytracing engines for rendering. For real-world performance testing, and to prepare for petascale visualization tasks, we interfaced these rendering engines with VTK and ParaView. Initial results show that rendering software optimized for multi-core CPU processors provides competitive performance to GPUs for the parallel rendering of massive data. The current architectural multi-core trend suggests multi-core based supercomputers are able to provide interactive visualization and rendering support now and in the future. C1 [Ahrens, James; Lo, Li-Ta; Nouanesengsy, Boonthanome; Patchett, John; McPherson, Allen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahrens, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahrens@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2861-8 PY 2008 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BMF06 UT WOS:000272066000004 ER PT B AU Moreland, K Law, CC Ice, L Karelitz, D AF Moreland, Kenneth Law, C. Charles Ice, Lisa Karelitz, David GP IEEE TI Analysis of Fragmentation in Shock Physics Simulation SO ULTRA VIS: 2008 WORKSHOP ON ULTRASCALE VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultrascale Visualization CY NOV 16, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Analyzing shock physics, which can involve high energies, high velocity materials, and highly variable results, is challenging. Very little can be measured during a shock physics experiment. Most experimental data is collected in the aftermath. High-fidelity simulations using codes like CTH are possible, but require a significant amount of post processing to properly understand the results. Physical structures and their accompanying data must be derived from the volumetric properties computed by the simulation. And, of course, the simulations must be validated against experiments. To capture small fragmentation effects, the CTH simulations must be run on very large scales using adaptive meshes, which further complicates the post processing. By using the scalable visualization tool ParaView coupled with customized feature identification, we are able to provide both the analysis and verification of these large-scale CTH simulations. C1 [Moreland, Kenneth; Ice, Lisa; Karelitz, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Law, C. Charles] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. RP Moreland, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX This work was done in part at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2861-8 PY 2008 BP 40 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BMF06 UT WOS:000272066000006 ER PT S AU Wang, JG Cotoros, I Liu, XY Furdyna, JK Chemla, DS AF Wang, Jigang Cotoros, Ingrid Liu, Xinyu Furdyna, Jacek K. Chemla, Daniel S. BE Song, JJ Tsen, KT Betz, M Elezzabi, AY TI Ultrafast photo-enhanced ferromagnetism in GaMnAs - art. no. 68920Q SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructure Materials XII CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOOPTICS; NICKEL AB We present the observation of ultrafast photo-enhancement of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped III-V semiconductor GaMnAs via photoexcited transient carriers. Our time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy reveals transient enhancement of the magnetization amplitude on a 100 ps time scale after initial sub-picosecond demagnetization. The dynamic enhancement of the magnetic ordering shows a maximum below the Curie temperature T-c and completely dominates the demagnetization at high temperatures approaching T-c. We attribute the observed ultrafast collective ordering to the transiently enhanced hole-Mn p-d exchange interaction. leading in particular to a correlation-induced maximum bellow T-c and transient increase of T-c. These results constitute the evidence for non-thermal, cooperative spin manipulation in (III,Mn)Vs on the ultrafast time scale. C1 [Wang, Jigang; Cotoros, Ingrid; Chemla, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7067-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6892 BP Q8920 EP Q8920 DI 10.1117/12.759872 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHO13 UT WOS:000254731200013 ER PT J AU Erni, R Browning, ND AF Erni, Rolf Browning, Nigel D. TI The impact of surface and retardation losses on valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE S/TEM; VEELS; semiconductors; retardation effects; surface effects; Si; Si3N4; GaAs; GaN; CdSe ID DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; DISPERSION FORCES; SILICON-NITRIDE; LOSS SPECTRUM; THIN FOILS; FILMS; GAP; SCATTERING; TRANSITIONS; PARTICLES AB The inelastic scattering of fast electrons transmitting thin foils of silicon (Si), silicon nitride (Si3N4), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) was analyzed using dielectric theory. In particular, the impact of surface and bulk retardation losses on valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) was studied as a function of the foil thickness. It is shown that for the materials analyzed, surface and retardation losses can cause a systematic, thickness-dependent modulation of the dielectric volume losses, which can hamper the determination of the bulk dielectric data as well as the identification of band-gap and interband transition energies by VEELS. For Si and GaAs, where the dielectric function is strongly peaked with high absolute values, retardation losses lead to additional intensity maxima in the spectrum. For thin films of these materials (below similar to 100 nm), the additional intensity maxima are related to retardation effects due to the finite size of the sample leading to the excitation of guided light modes. For thicker films, exceeding about 200nm, the intensity maxima are caused by bulk retardation losses, i.e., Cerenkov losses. Although thickness-dependent modulations were observed for Si3N4, GaN and CdSe, the form of the dielectric functions and their lower maxima, means that for TEM samples < 100 nm thick, the band-gap energies of these materials can be accurately identified by VEELS. Guidelines are given that allow for forecasting the impact of surface and retardation losses on VEELS. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erni, Rolf] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Erni, R (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM rolf.erni@ua.ac.be RI Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 84 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.03.005 PG 16 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 257RT UT WOS:000252816900003 PM 17481821 ER PT J AU Malac, M Beleggia, M Egerton, R Zhu, YM AF Malac, Marek Beleggia, Marco Egerton, Ray Zhu, Yimei TI Imaging of radiation-sensitive samples in transmission electron microscopes equipped with Zernike phase plates SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE zernike phase plate; boersch lens; radiation damage; transmission electron microscope; spherical aberration; high-resolution TEM; biological TEM; single molecule TEM; low-voltage TEM ID CCD CAMERAS; SPHERICAL-ABERRATION; NOISE TRANSFER; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST; MOLECULES; SIGNAL; DAMAGE; TEM AB We have optimized a bright-field transmission electron microscope for imaging of high-resolution radiation-sensitive materials by calculating the imaging dose no needed to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = 5. Installing a Zernike phase plate (ZP) decreases the dose needed to detect single atoms by as much as a factor of two at 300 kV. For imaging larger objects, such as Gaussian objects with full-width at half-maximum larger than 0.15nm, ZP appears more efficient in reducing the imaging dose than correcting for spherical aberration. The imaging dose no does not decrease with extending of chromatic resolution limit by reducing chromatic aberration, using high accelerating potential (U-0 = 300 kV), because the image contrast increases slower than the reciprocal of detection radius. However, reducing chromatic aberration would allow accelerating potential to be reduced leading to imaging doses below 10e(-)/angstrom(2) for a single iodine atom when a CS-corrector and a ZP are used together. Our simulations indicate that, in addition to microscope hardware, optimization is heavily dependent on the nature of the specimen under investigation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malac, Marek] Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. [Beleggia, Marco; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Malac, Marek; Egerton, Ray] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Malac, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Nanotechnol, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. EM mmalac@phys.ualberta.ca OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.03.008 PG 15 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 257RT UT WOS:000252816900006 PM 17509765 ER PT S AU Myers, CW Mahar, JM Kunze, JF Elkins, NZ AF Myers, C. W. Mahar, J. M. Kunze, J. F. Elkins, N. Z. BE Brebbia, CA Kaliampakos, D Prochazka, P TI Underground nuclear parks: new approach for the deployment of nuclear energy systems SO UNDERGROUND SPACES: DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Underground Spaces - Design, Engineering and Environmental Aspects CY 2008 CL Wessex Inst Technol, New Forest, ENGLAND SP WIT Transact Built Environm HO Wessex Inst Technol DE underground nuclear park; nuclear reactors; nuclear fuel cycle; underground reactor siting; cost reductions; waste management; security; safety AB It is possible that hundreds to perhaps thousands of new nuclear power reactors could be deployed this century to help meet the growing global demand for electricity. Underground reactor siting is proposed as a potentially superior alternative to surface siting. Past studies and experience with underground siting proved the engineering feasibility and revealed numerous safety, security, environmental and aesthetic advantages, but in spite of these advantages the added cost associated with underground siting continues to be viewed as an impediment. Recent work on the underground nuclear park (UNP) concept, however, indicates the potential to reduce per-reactor capital and operating cost below that for conventional surface siting. In addition, under a closed fuel-cycle policy, reprocessing plant, fuel re-manufacturing facilities, fast spectrum reactor(s), and waste disposal facilities could also potentially be located underground as part of the UNP. Work to date has included underground design concepts and excavation cost estimates for UNPs in bedded salt and granite, and ideas for UNP-based energy system applications. The UNP approach has the potential to reduce many of the cost, waste management, safety, and security concerns currently associated with nuclear power. C1 [Myers, C. W.; Elkins, N. Z.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Myers, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 978-1-84564-125-2 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2008 VL 102 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.2495/US080071 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIJ62 UT WOS:000260092500007 ER PT B AU Cherubini, C Ghezzehei, TA Su, GW AF Cherubini, Claudia Ghezzehei, T. A. Su, G. W. BE Toll, DG Augarde, CE Gallipoli, D Wheeler, SJ TI The drift shadow phenomenon in an unsaturated fractured environment SO UNSATURATED SOILS: ADVANCES IN GEO-ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils CY JUL 02-04, 2008 CL Durham, ENGLAND ID FLOW; SEEPAGE; MODEL; ROCK AB The presence of subterranean holes creates a capillary barrier in an unsaturated environment. This phenomenon has been referred to as "Drift Shadow" and indicates a region that is sheltered from the downward percolating water. If the lateral hydraulic conductivity is insufficient to divert the water, fully saturated conditions are reached locally, and seepage occurs as the capillary barrier fails. Natural heterogeneities in hydrological properties can reduce the probability of seepage only if the flux is largely diverted around the drift. Previous numerical studies have been performed investigating various aspects of capillary barrier performance in engineered or naturally layered systems. Many authors examined the impact of heterogeneity on the distribution and rate of water seepage across a capillary barrier and into a drift, but the seepage exclusion problem has not been formally analyzed for fractured formations, in which the physical processes governing seepage in porous media also represent key factors. This paper analyzes the effect that a fracture network can have on the drift shadow. In a fractured environment, the effectiveness of the capillary barrier is determined by the capability of individual fractures to hold water by capillary forces and by the permeability and connectivity of the fracture network, which allow water to be diverted around the drift. The orientation of any individual fracture in relation to the opening, the discreteness and the anisotropy of the fracture network are all geometric factors affecting seepage, because they have a relevant influence on the hydraulic properties in the immediate vicinity of the drift wall. C1 [Cherubini, Claudia] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Ghezzehei, T. A.; Su, G. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cherubini, C (reprint author), Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011; Gallipoli, Domenico/D-3741-2015 OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212; Gallipoli, Domenico/0000-0003-1576-0742 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-47692-8 PY 2008 BP 761 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BKI13 UT WOS:000268178300103 ER PT S AU Weigle, C Banks, DC AF Weigle, Chris Banks, David C. BE Borner, K Grohn, MT Park, J Roberts, JC TI Analysis of eye-tracking experiments performed on a Tobii t60 SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2008 CY JAN 28-29, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IS&T, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Hewlett Packard Co DE user studies; usability; eye-gaze tracking ID MOVEMENT AB Commercial eye-gaze trackers have the potential to be an important tool for quantifying the benefits of new visualization techniques. The expense of such trackers has made their use relatively infrequent in visualization studies. As such, it is difficult for researchers to compare multiple devices - obtaining several demonstration models is impractical in cost and time, and quantitative measures from real-world use are not readily available. In this paper, we present a sample protocol to determine the accuracy of a gaze-tacking device. C1 [Weigle, Chris; Banks, David C.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Weigle, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM weigle@cs.utk.edu; dbanks@cs.utk.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6981-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6809 AR 680903 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHR52 UT WOS:000255679400002 ER PT S AU Wylie, B Baumes, J Shead, TM AF Wylie, Brian Baumes, Jeffrey Shead, Timothy M. BE Borner, K Grohn, MT Park, J Roberts, JC TI G-Space: A linear time graph layout SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2008 CY JAN 28-29, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IS&T, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Hewlett Packard Co DE graph layout; graph drawing; graph visualization; graphs and networks; information visualization AB We describe G-Space, a straightforward linear time layout algorithm that draws undirected graphs based purely on their topological features. The algorithm is divided into two phases. The first phase is an embedding of the graph into a 2-D plane using the graph-theoretical distances as coordinates. These coordinates are computed with the same process used by HDE (High-Dimensional Embedding) algorithms. In our case we do a Low-Dimensional Embedding (LDE), and directly map the graph distances into a two dimensional geometric space. The second phase is the resolution of the many-to-one mappings that frequently occur within the low dimensional embedding. The resulting layout appears to have advantages over existing methods: it can be computed rapidly, and it can be used to answer topological questions quickly and intuitively. C1 [Wylie, Brian; Shead, Timothy M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wylie, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bnwylie@sandia.gov; jeff.baumes@kitware.com; tshead@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6981-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6809 AR 68090E DI 10.1117/12.768012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHR52 UT WOS:000255679400013 ER PT S AU Huang, MY Rubel, O Weber, GH Hendriks, CLL Biggin, MD Hagen, H Hamann, B AF Huang, Min-Yu Ruebel, Oliver Weber, Gunther H. Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo Biggin, Mark D. Hagen, Hans Hamann, Bernd BE Linsen, L Hagen, H Hamann, B TI Segmenting gene expression patterns of early-stage Drosophila embryos SO VISUALIZATION IN MEDICINE AND LIFE SCIENCES SE Mathematics and Visualization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Visualization in Medicine and Life Sciences CY JUL, 2006 CL Rugen, GERMANY DE three-dimensional gene expression; pattern segmentation; gene expression pattern; ridge detection; edge detection; thresholding ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY; COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH; THRESHOLD SELECTION; BLASTODERM AB To make possible a more rigorous understanding of animal gene regulatory networks, the Berkeley Drosophila Transcription Network Project (BDTNP) has developed a suite of methods that support quantitative, computational analysis of three-dimensional (313) gene expression patterns with cellular resolution in early Drosophila embryos. Defining the pattern of gene expression is an essential step toward further analysis in order to derive knowledge about the characteristics of gene expression patterns and to identify and model gene inter-relationships. To address this challenging task we have developed an integrated, interactive approach toward pattern segmentation. Here, we introduce a ridge-detection-based 3D gene expression pattern segmentation algorithm. We compare this algorithm to common 2D pattern segmentation methods, such as thresholding and edged-detection-based methods, which we have adapted to 3D pattern segmentation. We show that such automatic strategies can be improved to obtain better segmentation results by user interaction and additional post-processing steps. C1 [Huang, Min-Yu; Ruebel, Oliver; Hamann, Bernd] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analysis & Visualizat, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ruebel, Oliver; Hagen, Hans] Univ Kaiserslautern, Int Res Tra Grp, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Weber, Gunther H.; Hamann, Bernd] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Visual Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Biggin, Mark D.; Hagen, Hans] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Min-Yu; Ruebel, Oliver; Biggin, Mark D.; Hamann, Bernd] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, MY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analysis & Visualizat, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM myhuang@ucdavis.edu; oruebel@ucdavis.edu; ghweber@lbl.gov; clluengo@lbl.gov; MDBiggin@lbl.gov; hagen@informatik.uni-kl.de; bhamann@ucdavis.edu RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008 OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760 FU National Institutes of Health [GM70444]; Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [ACI 9624034]; Large Scientific and Software Data Set Visualization [ACI 9982251]; large Information Technology Research; Laboratory Directed Research Development FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health through grant GM70444, by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the National Science Foundation through award ACI 9624034 (CAREER Award), through the Large Scientific and Software Data Set Visualization (LSSDSV) program under contract ACI 9982251, and a large Information Technology Research (ITR) grant; and by the LBNL Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) program; We thank the members of the Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group at the Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization (IDAV) at the University of California, Davis; the members of the BDTNP at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the members of the Visualization Group at LBNL NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3786 BN 978-3-540-72629-6 J9 MATH VIS PY 2008 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-72630-2_18 PG 4 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHA61 UT WOS:000251940100018 ER PT S AU Pike, WA Scherrer, C Zabriskie, S AF Pike, W. A. Scherrer, C. Zabriskie, S. BE Goodall, JR TI Putting security in context: Visual correlation of network activity with real-world information SO VIZSEC 2007 SE MATHEMATICS AND VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Computer Security CY OCT 29, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA ID INTERNET AB To effectively identify and respond to cyber threats, computer security analysts must understand the scale, motivation, methods, source, and target of an attack. Central to developing this situational awareness is the analyst's world knowledge that puts these attributes in context. What known exploits or new vulnerabilities might an anomalous traffic pattern suggest? What organizational, social, or geopolitical events help forecast or explain attacks and anomalies? Few visualization tools support creating, maintaining, and applying this knowledge of the threat landscape. Through a series of formative workshops with practicing security analysts, we have developed a visualization approach inspired by the human process of contextualization; this system, called NUANCE, creates evolving behavioral models of network actors at organizational and regional levels, continuously monitors external textual information sources for themes that indicate security threats, and automatically determines if behavior indicative of those threats is present on a network. C1 [Pike, W. A.; Scherrer, C.; Zabriskie, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pike, WA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K7-28,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3786 BN 978-3-540-78242-1 J9 MATH VISUAL PY 2008 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78243-8_14 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIC21 UT WOS:000258328500014 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Gu, B Watson, DB Parmele, CS AF Phillips, D. H. Gu, B. Watson, D. B. Parmele, C. S. TI Uranium removal from contaminated groundwater by synthetic resins SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anion-exchange resins; cation-chelating resins; uranium; groundwater; permeable reactive media ID IRON REACTIVE BARRIER; ZERO-VALENT IRON; ANION-EXCHANGE RESINS; MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; IMPROVED SELECTIVITY; SORPTION; REMEDIATION; PERFORMANCE; PERTECHNETATE; DISPOSAL AB Synthetic resins are shown to be effective in removing uranium from contaminated groundwater. Batch and field column tests showed that strong-base anion-exchange resins were more effective in removing uranium from both near-neutral-pH (6.5)- and high-pH (8)low-nitrate-containing groundwaters, than metal-chelating resins, which removed more uranium from acidic-pH (5)-high-nitrate-containing groundwater from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) Y-12 S-3 Ponds area in Tennessee, USA. Dowex 1-X8 and Purolite A-520E anion-exchange resins removed more uranium from high-pH (8)-low-nitrate-containing synthetic groundwater in batch tests than metal-chelating resins. The Dowex (TM) 21K anion-exchange resin achieved a cumulative loading capacity of 49.8 mg g(-1) before breakthrough in a field column test using near-neutral-pH (6.5)-low-nitrate-containing groundwater. However, in an acidic-pH (5)-high-nitrate-containing groundwater, metal-chelating resins Diphonix and Chelex-100 removed more uranium than anion-exchange resins. In 15 mL of acidic-pH (5)-high-nitrate-containing groundwater spiked with 20 mg L-1 uranium, the uranium concentrations ranged from 0.95 mg L-1 at 1-h equilibrium to 0.08 mg L-1 at 24-h equilibrium for Diphonix and 0.17 mg L-1 at 1-h equilibrium to 0.03 mg L-1 at 24-h equilibrium for Chelex-100. Chelex-100 removed more uranium in the first 10 min in the 100 mL of acidic-(pH 5)-high-nitrate-containing groundwater (similar to 5 mg L-1 uranium); however, after 10 min, Diphonix equaled or out-performed Chelex-100. This study presents an improved understanding of the selectivity and sorption kenetics of a range of ion-exchange resins that remove uranium from both low- and high-nitrate-containing groundwaters with varying pHs. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, D. H.] Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gu, B.; Watson, D. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parmele, C. S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phillips, DH (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM d.phillips@qub.ac.uk RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 260YI UT WOS:000253045900025 PM 17697694 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Robinette, JR AF Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Robinette, John R. TI Breeding success of Wood Storks nesting in Georgia and South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE breeding success; fledging; Georgia; Mycteria americana; productivity; South Carolina; Wood Storks ID EAST-CENTRAL GEORGIA; MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; FLORIDA; USA; ECOLOGY AB Determination of breeding success rates of endangered species such as the Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and reasons for their variation are vital information needed for monitoring recovery efforts. To provide information in the northern portion of their breeding range, breeding success rates were monitored for nine stork colonies in Georgia and South Carolina in 2004 and 2005. Overall success rates were very high in 2004 (N = 421, (x) over bar = 2.3 fledged young per nesting attempt), with slightly greater success in inland colonies as compared to coastal colonies. Overall success rates declined in 2005 (N = 359, (x) over bar = 1.6 fledged young per nesting attempt), with slightly greater success in coastal colonies as compared to inland colonies. Reduced success in 2005 may be due to elevated mid-breeding season rainfall and its negative effects on prey availability. Examination of longer-term breeding success at multiple Georgia stork colonies relative to annual rainfall showed no consistent trends between success and mid-season rainfall. A moderate positive association was found between pre-breeding season rainfall and success for coastal, but not inland, colonies. C1 [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Robinette, John R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM Larry.Bryan@ttnus.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[19:BSOWSN]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400005 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Brooks, WB Taylor, JD Richardson, DM Jeske, CW Brisbin, IL AF Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Brooks, William B. Taylor, Jimmy D. Richardson, David M. Jeske, Clinton W. Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr. TI Satellite tracking large-scale movements of Wood Storks captured in the Gulf Coast region SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE Gulf Coast; migration; movements; Mycteria americana; Wood Stork ID MIGRATION ROUTES; LOCATIONS; HERONS AB Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) breeding in the southeastern United States exhibit lengthy inter- and intra-regional movements in response to resource availability. One type of movement., post-breeding dispersal, has resulted in storks from this population temporarily moving into the Gulf Coast states of Alabama and eastern Mississippi. Concurrently, other Wood Storks, presumably of Mexican/Central American origin, are frequently observed in large numbers in the Mississippi River Valley and nearby western states during the late-summer months and the proximity of dispersing storks from the two regions might result in population mixing. In a preliminary examination of the origins of Wood Storks observed in Gulf Coast states and the likelihood of population mixing, we deployed ten satellite transmitters on storks in those areas in June-July of 2003 and monitored their movements. All storks captured in eastern Mississippi moved into southern Florida. Storks captured in western Mississippi went to eastern Mexico or western Guatemala. One stork from Louisiana went to Mexico and the other went to southern Florida, suggesting that population mixing may be occurring on their non-breeding season habitats. C1 [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.; Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Brooks, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D.] Mississippi State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Richardson, David M.] Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. [Jeske, Clinton W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Larry.Bryan@ttnus.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[35:STLMOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400007 ER PT J AU Borkhataria, RR Frederick, PC Hylton, R Bryan, AL Rodgers, JA AF Borkhataria, Rena R. Frederick, Peter C. Hylton, Rebecca Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr. Rodgers, James A. TI A preliminary model of Wood Stork population dynamics in the southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wood Stork Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Waterbird-Society CY 2005 CL Jekyll Isl, GA SP Waterbird Soc DE demography; Mycteria americana; population viability analysis; vital rates; Wood Stork ID FLORIDA AB We modeled population dynamics and extinction probabilities for the endangered Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) using count data from synoptic aerial surveys, annual measures of productivity from throughout the southeastern U.S., and survival data from satellite-tagged juveniles. Using a simple, count-based diffusion approximation approach we were able to quantify an increasing population trend since 1976. High inter-year variability resulted in wide confidence intervals and we could not eliminate the possibility of long-term population decline in spite of recently measured population increases. We also used a stage-based population matrix model to incorporate observed differences in survival rates among age classes. Fledging success, and survival of fledglings, one, and two-year-old birds were estimated using data from the satellite telemetry study. Because the survival rates of three-year-olds and adults are presently unknown, we analyzed population dynamics over a range of these values. Long-term population growth was most sensitive to changes in adult survivorship. This deterministic matrix model indicated that adult survival rates >0.94 were necessary to maintain a growing population, an estimate considerably higher than that observed in the European White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). This study underscores the need for reliable estimates of juvenile and adult survival in Wood Storks, and for a conservation focus on the factors that affect adult survival. It also provides a tool for understanding and projecting potential trajectories of the Wood Stork population in the Southeastern United States. C1 [Borkhataria, Rena R.; Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hylton, Rebecca] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bryan, A. Lawrence, Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Rodgers, James A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Borkhataria, RR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rrbork@ufl.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2008 VL 31 SI 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[42:APMOWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 313ND UT WOS:000256746400008 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, AM Paramonov, PV Valley, MT Vorontsov, A AF Vorontsov, A. M. Paramonov, P. V. Valley, M. T. Vorontsov, A. TI Generation of infinitely long phase screens for modeling of optical wave propagation in atmospheric turbulence SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LASER-BEAMS; SCINTILLATION AB Numerical modeling of optical wave propagation in atmospheric turbulence is traditionally performed by using the so-called 'split'-operator method, where the influence of the propagation medium's refractive index inhomogeneities is accounted for only within a set of infinitely narrow phase distorting layers (phase screens). These phase screens are generated on a numerical grid of finite size, which corresponds to a rather narrow slice (spatial area) of atmospheric turbulence. In several important applications including laser target tracking, remote sensing, adaptive optics, and atmospheric imaging, optical system performance depends on atmospheric turbulence within an extended area that significantly exceeds the area associated with the numerical grid. In this paper we discuss methods that allow the generation of a family of long (including infinitely long) phase screens representing an extended (in one direction) area of atmospheric turbulence-induced phase distortions. This technique also allows the generation of long phase screens with spatially inhomogeneous statistical characteristics. C1 [Vorontsov, A. M.; Paramonov, P. V.; Vorontsov, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Valley, M. T.; Vorontsov, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Vorontsov, A. M.; Paramonov, P. V.; Valley, M. T.; Vorontsov, A.] Univ Maryland, Army Res Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vorontsov, A (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. EM mvoronts@umd.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.1080/17455030701429962 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250ZQ UT WOS:000252340400006 ER PT S AU Howlader, MK Yao, Y AF Howlader, Mostofa K. Yao, Yi GP IEEE TI Iterative decoding of serial concatenated differential space-time block coding under unknown fading channels SO WCNC 2008: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB Noncoherent BCJR algorithm, in which multiple symbol windowing is used to recover deterioration caused by channel phase noise, is proposed for single input and single output (SISO) systems in AWGN channels. In this article, we first apply noncoherent BCJR algorithm to multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems and generalize the algorithm from scalar to matrix based. In addition, we advance its competency from AWGN channels to Rayleigh fading channels and formulate corresponding branch metric. Based on our theoretical derivation, we propose noncoherent and non-CSI iterative decoding for serial concatenated single differential space-time block coding (SDST) and develop two types of decoding techniques using rectangular windowing (RW) and exponential decaying windowing (EDW), respectively. The efficiency of our proposed schemes is validated and compared via simulations. C1 [Howlader, Mostofa K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RF & Microwave Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yao, Yi] Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Howlader, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RF & Microwave Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-1996-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2008 BP 470 EP + DI 10.1109/WCNC.2008.88 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG93 UT WOS:000259411100083 ER PT B AU Curtis, D Peterson, E Oehmen, C AF Curtis, Darren Peterson, Elena Oehmen, Christopher BE Cordeiro, J Filipe, J Hammoudi, S TI A secure Web application providing public access to high-performance data intensive scientific resources - ScalaBLAST Web Application SO WEBIST 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies CY MAY 04-07, 2008 CL Funchal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technologies Informat, Control & Commun, Univ Madeira, Workflow Management Coalit DE scalable; grid computing; access control; Web application; security; ScalaBLAST; portable batch system AB This work presents the ScalaBLAST Web Application (SWA), a web based application implemented using the PHP script language, MySQL DBMS, and Apache web server under a GNU/Linux platform. SWA is an application built as part of the Data Intensive Computer for Complex Biological Systems (DICCBS) project at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). SWA delivers accelerated throughput of bioinformatics analysis via high-performance computing through a convenient, easy-to-use web interface. This approach greatly enhances emerging fields of study in biology such as ontology-based homology, and multiple whole genome comparisons which, in the absence of a tool like SWA, require a heroic effort to overcome the computational bottleneck associated with genome analysis. The current version of SWA includes a user account management system, a web based user interface, and a backend process that generates the files necessary for the Internet scientific community to submit a ScalaBLAST parallel processing job on a dedicated cluster. C1 [Curtis, Darren; Peterson, Elena; Oehmen, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Curtis, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8111-26-5 PY 2008 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BIF94 UT WOS:000259260900039 ER PT B AU Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ AF Wolfe, Amy K. Bjornstad, David J. BE David, K Thompson, PB TI "It's Like Deja-Vu, All Over Again": Anticipating Societal Responses to Nanotechnologies SO WHAT CAN NANOTECHNOLOGY LEARN FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY?: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL LESSONS FOR NANOSCIENCE FROM THE DEBATE OVER AGRIFOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GMOS SE Food Science and Technology-International Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACCEPTABILITY; TECHNOLOGIES C1 [Wolfe, Amy K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bjornstad, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Soc Technol Interact Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wolfe, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-055779-3; 978-0-12-373990-2 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-INT PY 2008 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/B978-012373990-2.00008-X PG 16 WC Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Biomedical Social Sciences GA BJH61 UT WOS:000328252200009 ER PT B AU Flynn, D Brown, E Krieg, R AF Flynn, Don Brown, Erin Krieg, Rebekah BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD Chu, HW Baralt, J Tzeng, JR TI A Method for Knowledge Management and Communication Within and Across Multidisciplinary Teams SO WMSCI 2008: 12TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VII, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/14th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Int Federat Syst Res DE knowledge management; multidisciplinary teams; environmental; document storage; records; collaboration; photograph management AB The use of knowledge management (KM) and communication tools in an applied scientific arena where research is performed and knowledge must be managed within and across multidisciplinary teams and organizations is a challenge. Teams of scientists and engineers from up to 17 different technical specialties required knowledge management tools for developing multiple environmental impact statements under challenging circumstances. Factors that contributed to the success of the KM tools included 1) pairing of project staff with Knowledge Systems staff to determine system requirements, 2) the use of the tools by the team as they were being developed thus allowing many opportunities for feedback and interaction, 3) developing the tools to approximate the overall project structure and work flow already in place, 4) providing immediate assistance to the project team as they learned to use the new KM tools, and 5) replacing earlier practices with the new KM approach by "burning the bridges" to past practices after the team had learned to use the new KM tools. C1 [Flynn, Don; Brown, Erin; Krieg, Rebekah] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-37-4 PY 2008 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science GA BIW56 UT WOS:000263414900052 ER PT S AU Feng, SH Graham, A Heath, C Reardon, P Ingber, M AF Feng, Shihai Graham, Alan Heath, Cynthia Reardon, Patrick Ingber, Marc BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Microrheological origins of the irreversible flow of suspensions SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol ID SURFACE AB The hydrodynamic behavior observed for a sphere released under gravity in a Newtonian liquid is not consistent with that predicted by classical continuum theory when the sphere is near a solid wall. An irreversibility arises in the velocity of the sphere as it approaches and recedes from the plane that cannot be accounted for using continuum hydrodynamic equations alone. Earlier experiments on spheres falling from a plane were conducted under conditions such that this irreversibility could be attributed to the surface roughness of the spheres In this investigation, we extend these studies to situations where the pressure field between the receding sphere and the plane drops to the vapor pressure of the fluid and cavitation occurs. Experimental data support the theoretical prediction for a sphere's motion based on the irreversible effect of cavitation and physical roughness in different flow regimes. The effects of these near-contact irreversibilities on particle trajectories, shear-induced self diffusion, and particle migration in concentrated suspensions are discussed. C1 [Feng, Shihai; Graham, Alan; Heath, Cynthia; Reardon, Patrick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ingber, Marc] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87191 USA. RP Feng, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 701 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000229 ER PT S AU Reinelt, DA Kraynik, AM AF Reinelt, Douglas A. Kraynik, Andrew M. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Foam structure and rheology in thin gaps SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE wet foams; thin foam layers; elastic modulus; Surface Evolver; Fejes Toth cell; Kelvin cell AB The cell structure and rheology of gas-liquid foams confined between parallel plates depend on the ratio H/R, where H is the plate spacing and R is the (equivalent spherical) bubble radius. We consider ordered three-dimensional foams that consist of 1-3 layers of bubbles. In the "dry" limit, where the gas fraction is unity, one confined layer is composed of hexagonal cylinders, two layers contain Fejes Toth cells, and three or more layers are modeled as Kelvin cells sandwiched between Fejes Toth cells. We also consider wet foams where all of the liquid is assumed to be located in either conventional Plateau borders or wall Plateau borders adjacent to the plates. The Surface Evolver is used to calculate the foam structure and stress as a function of H/R, which enables us to evaluate elastic behavior. A relationship between the two-dimensional structure at the wall and bubble size has application to foam characterization. C1 [Reinelt, Douglas A.] South Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Kraynik, Andrew M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinelt, DA (reprint author), South Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Procter & Gamble Company under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreemen FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported by The Procter & Gamble Company under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreemen. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 830 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000271 ER PT S AU Brotherton, CM Bourdon, CJ Grillet, AM Mondy, LAA Rao, RR AF Brotherton, Christopher M. Bourdon, Christopher J. Grillet, Anne M. Mondy, Lisa A. A. Rao, Rekha R. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Measurements of wall slip during rise of a physically blown foam SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE foam; particle image velocimetry; wall slip ID FLOW AB Polymeric foam systems are widely used in industrial applications due to their low weight and abilities to thermally insulate and isolate vibration. However, processing of these foams is still not well understood at a fundamental level. The precursor foam of interest starts off as a liquid phase emulsion of blowing agent in a thermosetting polymer. As the material is heated either by an external oven or by the exothermic reaction from internal polymerization of the suspending fluid, the blowing agent boils to produce gas bubbles and a foamy material. A series of experiments have been performed to allow observation of the foaming process and the collection of temperature, rise rate, and microstructural data. Microfocus video is used in conjunction with particle image velocimetry (PIV) to elucidate the boundary condition at the wall. These data provide input to a continuum level finite element model of the blowing process. PIV is used to measure the slip velocity of foams with a volume fraction range of 0.50 to 0.71. These results are in agreement with theoretical predictions which suggest that at high volume fractions the bubbles would exhibit jamming behavior and slip at the wall. At these volume fractions, the slip velocity profile has a shear profile shape near the side walls and a plug flow shape at the center. The shape of the velocity profile is in agreement with previous experimental work investigating different foam systems. As time increases, the available blowing agent decreases, the volume fraction increases, the viscosity increases, and the average slip velocity decreases, but the slip velocity profile maintains the plug-shear shape. C1 [Brotherton, Christopher M.; Bourdon, Christopher J.; Grillet, Anne M.; Mondy, Lisa A. A.; Rao, Rekha R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brotherton, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 842 EP 844 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000275 ER PT S AU Madbouly, SA Alam, TM Otaigbe, JU AF Madbouly, Samy A. Alam, Todd M. Otaigbe, Joshua U. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Viscoelasticity and crystallization of PC/mPP nanoblends prepared via in situ polymerization and compatiblization SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE PC/mPP nanoblends; In situ polymerization and compatiblization; viscoelastic behavior ID COMPATIBILIZATION AB Nanoscale structures of PC/mPP blends with different concentrations have been produced via a simple and versatile method of in situ polymerization of macrocyclic carbonates in the presence of a maleic anhydride polypropylene (mPP). The current method showed that the dispersed phase can be phase separated into a nanostructured morphology of an average diameter as small as 50 nm. The rheological characterization of this system was investigated over a wide range of temperature, shear frequency and, concentration. The viscoelastic behaviors of pure components and blends of concentration less than 40 wt% PC can be well described by the WLF principle. A dramatic decrease in the storage modulus versus temperature at 240 degrees C for blends with composition equal to or higher than 40 wt% PC was observed and may be related to the order-disorder transition of the formation of graft copolymers of PP-g-PC during the in situ polymerization and compatiblization process. The isothermal real-time crystallization kinetics of mPP in the blends, with different concentrations was investigated rheologically by monitoring the variation in the elastic modulus, with crystallization time at constant crystallization temperature. C1 [Madbouly, Samy A.; Otaigbe, Joshua U.] Univ South Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Otaigbe, JU (reprint author), Univ South Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CBET 0317646]; DOE at Sandia FX This work was primarily supported by the Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. CBET 0317646. T.M.A. acknowledges partial support by the DOE BES program at Sandia. We thank Dr. Brunelle of General Electric Co for providing the macrocyclic carbonates and helpful discussions with him improved the quality of this work NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 887 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000290 ER PT S AU Bowden, NS Bernstein, A Dazeley, S Lund, J Reyna, D Sadler, L Svoboda, R AF Bowden, N. S. Bernstein, A. Dazeley, S. Lund, J. Reyna, D. Sadler, L. Svoboda, R. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI ABSTRACT FOR POSTER PRESENTATION SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Bowden, N. S.; Bernstein, A.; Dazeley, S.; Svoboda, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM nbowden@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042001 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000061 ER PT S AU Bowden, NS AF Bowden, N. S. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Reactor monitoring and safeguards using antineutrino detectors SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND ID NEUTRINO; POWER AB Nuclear reactors have served as the antineutrino source for many fundamental physics experiments. The techniques developed by these experiments make it possible to use these very weakly interacting particles for a practical purpose. The large flux of antineutrinos that leaves a reactor carries information about two quantities of interest for safeguards: the reactor power and fissile inventory. Measurements made with antineutrino detectors could therefore offer an alternative means for verifying the power history and fissile inventory of a reactors, as part of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other reactor safeguards regimes. Several efforts to develop this monitoring technique are underway across the globe. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bowden, NS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nbowden@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000010 ER PT S AU Brice, S AF Brice, Steve BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI MiniBooNE Oscillation Searches SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS AB The range of oscillation analyses being pursued by the MiniBooNE collaboration is described. Focus is given to the various searches for electron neutrino appearance, but the disappearance of muon neutrinos and the appearance search for electron anti-neutrinos are covered as well. C1 [Brice, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Neutrino Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brice, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Neutrino Dept, Mail Stn 309, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM sbrice@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022026 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000028 ER PT S AU Bross, A Ellis, M Geer, S Mena, O Pascolli, S AF Bross, Alan Ellis, Malcolm Geer, Steve Mena, Olga Pascolli, Silvia BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI The Low-Energy Neutrino Factory SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Bross, Alan; Geer, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bross@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042032 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042032 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000092 ER PT S AU Budge, KG Fryer, CL Hungerford, AL AF Budge, K. G. Fryer, C. L. Hungerford, A. L. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Supernova theory: simulation and neutrino fluxes SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND ID TRANSPORT; COLLAPSE; CORE; EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; STAR AB It is now generally accepted that Type 171 supernovae arise from the collapse of a massive stellar core that has reached the end point of silicon burning. The observation of a neutrino pulse from Supernova 1987A strongly supports the core collapse theory. However, 1-D simulations of core collapse fail to explode unless ad hoc mechanisms are invoked. Most recent multidimensional simulations explode without ad hoc mechanisms, but many simulations do not yet produce the high energies observed in SNe. We review the state of multidimensional core collapse simulations, with particular emphasis on neutrino transport algorithms and results. What are the predicted neutrino fluxes, and how can observations constrain theory and provide insights to computational physicists? C1 [Budge, K. G.; Fryer, C. L.; Hungerford, A. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Budge, KG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kgbudge@lanl.gov FU University of California for the United States Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the United States Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR UNSP 022040 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022040 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000042 ER PT S AU Gehman, VM AF Gehman, V. M. CA Majorana Collaboration BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI The MAJORANA Neutrino less Double-Beta Decay Experiment SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Gehman, V. M.; Majorana Collaboration] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vmg@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042047 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042047 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000107 ER PT S AU Goldman, T Stephenson, GJ McKellar, BHJ AF Goldman, T. Stephenson, G. J., Jr. McKellar, B. H. J. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI All Fundamental Fermion Masses Are Vile SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM tgoldman@lanl.gov; gjs@phys.unm.edu; mckellar@ph.unimelb.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042023 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000083 ER PT S AU Guiseppe, VE Devlin, M Elliott, SR Fotiades, N Hime, A Nelson, RO Perepelitsa, DV Mei, DM AF Guiseppe, V. E. Devlin, M. Elliott, S. R. Fotiades, N. Hime, A. Nelson, R. O. Perepelitsa, D. V. Mei, D. -M. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Neutron Inelastic Scattering as a Background in the MAJORANA Neutrino less Double-Beta Decay Experiment SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Guiseppe, V. E.; Devlin, M.; Elliott, S. R.; Fotiades, N.; Hime, A.; Nelson, R. O.; Perepelitsa, D. V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guiseppe@lanl.gov RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Fotiadis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-1410-3871 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042049 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000109 ER PT S AU Hahn, RL AF Hahn, Richard L. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Radiochemical solar neutrino experiments, "successful and otherwise" SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND ID DETECTOR; GALLEX; TIME AB Over the years, several different radiochemical systems have been proposed as solar neutrino detectors. Of these, two achieved operating status and obtained important results that helped to define the current field of neutrino physics: the first solar-neutrino experiment, the Chlorine Detector ((37)Cl) that was developed by chemist Raymond Davis and colleagues at the Homestake Mine, and the subsequent Gallium ((71)Ga) Detectors that were operated by (a) the SAGE collaboration at the Baksan Laboratory and (b) the GALLEX/GNO collaborations at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. These experiments have been extensively discussed in the literature and in many previous International Neutrino Conferences. In this paper, I present important updates to the results from SAGE and GALLEX/GNO. I also review the principles of the radiochemical detectors and briefly describe several different detectors that have been proposed. In light of the well-known successes that have been subsequently obtained by real-time neutrino detectors such as Kamiokande, Super-Kamiokande, SNO, and KamLAND, I do not anticipate that any new radiochemical neutrino detectors will be built. At present, only SAGE is still operating; the Chlorine and GNO radiochemical detectors have been decommissioned and dismantled. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Neutrinos Nucl Chem Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hahn, RL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Neutrinos Nucl Chem Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rhahn@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022003 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000005 ER PT S AU Klein, SR AF Klein, Spencer R. CA IceCube Collaboration BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Recent vs from Ice Cube SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND AB Ice Cube is a 1 km(3) neutrino detector now being built at the South Pole. Its 4800 optical modules will detect Cherenkov radiation from charged particles produced in neutrino interactions. Ice Cube will search for neutrinos of astrophysical origin, with energies from 100 GeV up to 10(19) eV. It will be able to separate Ve, V mu and V tau. In addition to detecting astrophysical neutrinos, Ice Cube will also search for neutrinos from WIMP annihilation in the Sun and the Earth, look for low-energy (10 MeV) neutrinos from supernovae, and search for a host of exotic signatures. With the associated Ice Top surface air shower array, it will study cosmic-ray air showers. Ice Cube construction is now 50% complete. After presenting preliminary results from the partial detector, I will discuss Ice Cube's future plans. C1 [Klein, Spencer R.; IceCube Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srklein@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022050 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022050 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000052 ER PT S AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, Jorge G. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Unexpected Nuclear Effects in nu-Fe Interactions and MINER nu A's Program to Measure v Scattering off a Range of Nuclei SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Morfin, Jorge G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. EM morfin@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042042 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042042 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000102 ER PT S AU Ray, R AF Ray, R. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI The NOvA Experiment SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND AB The NOvA Project will construct a 15 kt Far Detector 835 km from Fermi lab at Ash River Minnesota, a 220 ton Near Detector on the Fermi lab site and upgrade the existing NuMI beamline from 400 kW to 700 kW. The detector technology is liquid scintillator captured in reflective rigid PVC cells. The light is captured using WLS fibre and routed to avalanche photo diodes. NOVA is designed to observe the appearance of electron neutrinos, determine the value of sin(2)(2 theta(13)) and begin the study of CP violation in the neutrino sector. NOvA is the only currently approved experiment with the ability to determine the neutrino mass ordering. The NOvA physics program and projected sensitivities are described in this report. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rray@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022019 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000021 ER PT S AU Rielage, K AF Rielage, Keith CA DEAP CLEAN Collaboration BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI MiniCLEAN-360: A liquid argon/neon dark matter detector SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Rielage, Keith; DEAP CLEAN Collaboration] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rielagek@lanl.gov OI Rielage, Keith/0000-0002-7392-7152 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042086 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042086 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000146 ER PT S AU Sadler, LE Bernstein, A Bowden, NS Dazeley, S Lund, J Mrowka, S Reyna, D AF Sadler, L. E. Bernstein, A. Bowden, N. S. Dazeley, S. Lund, J. Mrowka, S. Reyna, D. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Background radiation studies for future, above ground antineutrino detectors SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Sadler, L. E.; Lund, J.; Mrowka, S.; Reyna, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lesadle@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR UNSP 042003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042003 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000063 ER PT S AU Saoulidou, N AF Saoulidou, Niki BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Future Possibilities with Fermilab Neutrino Beams SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND ID DETECTOR; OSCILLATIONS AB We will start with a brief overview of neutrino oscillation physics with emphasis on the remaining unanswered questions. Next, after mentioning near future reactor and accelerator experiments searching for a non zero theta(13), we will introduce the plans for the next generation of long-baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments. We will focus on experiments utilizing powerful (0.7 - 2.1 MW) Fermi lab neutrino beams, either existing or in the design phase. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Saoulidou, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM niki@fnal.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022021 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000023 ER PT S AU Yeh, MF Williamson, Y Hahn, RL AF Yeh, Minfang Williamson, Yuping Hahn, Richard L. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Abstract for Poster Neutrino 2008, Christchurch, New Zealand Metal-loaded Liquid Scintillators for Neutrino Experiments SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND C1 [Yeh, Minfang; Williamson, Yuping; Hahn, Richard L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 042054 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/4/042054 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000114 ER PT S AU Zeller, GP AF Zeller, G. P. BE Adams, J Halzen, F Parke, S TI Low Energy Neutrino Cross Sections from K2K, MiniBooNE, SciBooNE, and MINERvA SO XXIII CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY MAY 25-31, 2008 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND AB The advent of intense accelerator-based sources of neutrinos and the demand of neutrino oscillation experiments to more precisely determine signal and background rates in their detectors has precipitated a resurged interest in low energy neutrino interactions. Such measurements have not been updated for decades, having first been measured in bubble and spark chamber experiments. New measurements are sorely needed and yield important constraints for present and future neutrino oscillation experiments operating in this few-GeV energy range. This paper reviews the status of current and planned low energy neutrino cross section measurements from the K2K, MiniBooNE, SciBooNE, and MINERvA experiments. C1 [Zeller, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zeller, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gzeller@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 136 AR 022028 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/136/2/022028 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BQO14 UT WOS:000281436000030 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Downs, RT Cox, DF Ross, NL Prewitt, CT Rosso, KM Lippmann, T Kirfel, A AF Gibbs, G. V. Downs, Robert T. Cox, David F. Ross, Nancy L. Prewitt, Charles T. Rosso, Kevin M. Lippmann, Thomas Kirfel, Armin TI Bonded interactions and the crystal chemistry of minerals: a review SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Review DE bond critical point; silicates; sulfides; local energy densities; eelectron density; bond strength; electron lone pair domains; molecular chemistry; electrophilicity ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTIES; POTENTIAL-ENERGY FUNCTION; SILICA POLYMORPH COESITE; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; WAVE BASIS-SET; SI-O BOND; HIGH-PRESSURE; AB-INITIO AB Connections established during last century between bond length, radii, bond strength, bond valence and crystal and molecular chemistry are briefly reviewed followed by a survey of the physical properties of the electron density distributions for a variety of minerals and representative molecules, recently generated with first-principles local energy density quantum mechanical methods. The structures for several minerals, geometry-optimized at zero pressure and at a variety of pressures were found to agree with the experimental structures within a few percent. The experimental Si-O bond lengths and the Si-O-Si angle, the Si-O bond energy and the bond critical point properties for crystal quartz are comparable with those calculated for the H6Si2O7 disilicic acid molecule, an indication that the bonded interactions in silica are largely short ranged and local in nature. The topology of model experimental electron density distributions for first and second row metal M atoms bonded to O, determined with high resolution and high energy synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data are compared with the topology of theoretical distributions calculated with first principles methods. As the electron density is progressively accumulated between pairs of bonded atoms, the distributions show that the nuclei are progressively shielded as the bond lengths and the bonded radii of the atoms decrease. Concomitant with the decrease in the M-O bond lengths, the local kinetic energy, G(r(c)), the local potential energy, V(r(c)), and the electronic energy density, H(r(c)) = G(r(c)) + V(r(c)), evaluated at the bond critical points, r(c), each increases in magnitude with the local potential energy dominating the kinetic energy density in the internuclear region for intermediate and shared interactions. The shorter the bonds, the more negative the local electronic energy density, the greater the stabilization and the greater the shared character of the intermediate and shared bonded interactions. In contrast, the local kinetic energy density increases with decreasing bond length for closed shell interactions with G(r(c)) dominating V(r(c)) in the internuclear region, typical of an ionic bond. Notwithstanding its origin in Pauling's electrostatic bond strength rule, the Brown-Shannon bond valence for Si-O bonded interactions agrees with the value of the electron density, Q(r(c)), on a one-to-one basis, indicating that the Pauling bond strength is a direct measure of rho(r(c)), the greater the bond strength, the more shared the interaction. Mappings of the Laplacian, the deformation electron density distribution and the electron localization function for several silicates are reviewed. The maps display hemispherical domains ascribed to bond pair electrons along the bond vectors and larger kidney-shaped domains ascribed to lone pair electrons on the reflex sides of the Si-O-Si angles. In the case of the nonbridging Si-O bonded interactions, the 0 atoms are capped by mushroom shaped domains. With few exceptions, the domains agree in number and location with those embodied in the VSEPR model for closed-shell molecules, defining reactive sites of potential electrophilic attack and centers of protonation. The electrophilicity of the O atoms comprising the Si-O-Si bonded interactions in coesite is indicated to increase with decreasing angle, providing a basis for understanding the protonization of the structure. The shapes and arrangements of the bond and lone pair features displayed by the bridging O atoms in quartz and and the nonbridging O atoms in forsterite are transferable on an one-to-one basis to sheet and chain magnesiosilicates that possess both bridging and nonbridging O atoms. The G(r(c))/rho(r(c)) ratio increases for each of the M-O bonds along separate trends with decreasing bond length and the coordination number of the M atom, suggesting that the ratio is a measure of bond character. An examination of the interactions in terms of the vertical bar V(r(c))vertical bar/G(r(c)) ratio indicates that the Li-O, Na-O and Mg-O bonds are closed shell ionic interactions, that the C-O bond and one of the S-O bonds is shared covalent and that the Be-O, Al-O, Si-O, B-O, P-O and S-O bonds are intermediate in character. It is noteworthy that the classification closely parallels Pauling's classification based on the electro-negativity differences between the M and O atoms. Bond critical point properties calculated for Ni bearing sulfides and high and low spin Fe bearing sulfides are discussed. The properties correlate linearly, as observed for the M-O bonds, with the experimental bond lengths, the shorter the bond lengths, the greater the rho(r(c)) and del(2)rho (r(c)) values. The high and low spin Fe-S data scatter along parallel but separate trends with the values of rho(r(c)) and del(2)rho(r(c)) for a given low spin Fe-S bond length being larger than those calculated for a given comparable high spin Fe-S bond length. The properties of the Ni-Ni bonded interactions calculated and observed for the Ni sulfides are virtually the same as those calculated for bulk Ni metal. No bond paths were found between the Fe atoms of the face sharing octahedra of troilite. The experimental bond critical point properties for the Ni sulfide heazlewoodite, NO,. are in close agreement with those calculated. The vertical bar V(r(c))vertical bar/G(r(c)) ratio indicates that the Fe-S, Ni-S and Ni-Ni bonded interactions are intermediate in character. The successful reproduction of the bond lengths and angles for several silicates, the comparable properties of the electron density distributions and the location of sites of potential chemical reactivity recounted in the review bodes well for the exploitation of the properties of minerals and the deciphering of crystal chemical problems, using first principles computational quantum chemical strategies. C1 [Gibbs, G. V.; Ross, Nancy L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Downs, Robert T.; Prewitt, Charles T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cox, David F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA USA. [Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Lippmann, Thomas] GKSS, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Kirfel, Armin] Univ Bonn, Mineral Petrol Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM GVGIBBS@vt.edu NR 210 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 62 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 VL 223 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 40 DI 10.1524/zkri.2008.0002 PG 40 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 278DQ UT WOS:000254264300002 ER PT J AU Hinrichsen, B Dinnebier, RE Liu, HZ Jansen, M AF Hinrichsen, Bemd Dinnebier, Robert E. Liu, Haozhe Jansen, Martin TI The high pressure crystal structures of tin sulphate: a case study for maximal information recovery from 2D powder diffraction data SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE high pressure; 2D powder diffraction; tin sulphate; lone pair AB Our recently proposed method for automatic detection, calibration and evaluation of Debye-Scherrer ellipses using pattern recognition techniques and advanced signal filtering was applied to 2D powder diffraction data of tin sulphate in dependence on pressure. Three phase transitions towards higher pressure could be identified, and their respective crystal structures have been determined. The high pressure behaviour of the stereoactive lone pair of Sn(2+) was investigated. At ambient conditions, SnSO(4) crystallizes in a strongly distorted Barite structure type in space group Pnma (phase 1). In the pressure range between P = 0.15 and P = 0.2 GPa, it exhibits a displacive second order phase transition into a structure with space group P112(1)/a (phase II at P = 0.2 GPa: a = 8.7022(9) angstrom, b = 5.3393(5) angstrom, c = 7.0511(6) angstrom, gamma = 89.90(1)degrees). A second displacive phase transition occurs between P = 4.40 and P = 5.07 GPa into another structure with space group P (1) over bar (phase III at P = 13.5 GPa: a = 8.067(3) angstrom, b = 5.141(2) angstrom, c = 6.609(2) angstrom, alpha = 90.56(3)degrees, beta = 90.65(2)degrees, gamma = 89.46(2)degrees). A third displacive phase transition towards another crystal structure in space group P (1) over bar occurs between P = 13.6 and P = 15.3 GPa (phase IV at P = 20.5 GPa: a = 7.889(5) angstrom, b = 5.028(3) angstrom, c = 6.462(3) angstrom, alpha = 90.99(3)degrees, beta = 91.01(3)degrees, gamma = 89.89(4)degrees).). A non-linear compression behaviour over the entire pressure range is observed, which can be described by three Vinet relations in the ranges from P = 0.21 to 4.4 GPa, from P = 5.07 to 13.55 GPa and from P = 15.26 to 20.5 GPa. The extrapolated bulk moduli of the high-pressure phases were determined to K(0) = 48(1) GPa for phase II, K(0) = 56(2) GPa for phase III, and K(0) = 51(13) GPa for phase IV. The crystal structures of all phases are refined against X-ray powder diffraction data measured at several pressures between 15 and 20.5 GPa. The structural phase transitions of SnSO(4) are mainly characterized by a reorientation of the SO(4) tetrahedra, in order to optimize crystal packing. With increasing pressure, the lone pair which is localized at Sn(2+) increasingly adopts pure s-character. C1 [Hinrichsen, Bemd; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Jansen, Martin] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Liu, Haozhe] Res Acad Sci & Technol, Sci Pk Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci & Technol, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Liu, Haozhe] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dinnebier, RE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM r.dinnebier@fKf.mpg.de RI Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011; Dinnebier, Robert/B-5642-2015 OI Dinnebier, Robert/0000-0003-2778-2113 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 VL 223 IS 3 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1524/zkri.2008.0017 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 306OP UT WOS:000256258000004 ER PT J AU Juarez-Arellano, EA Winkler, B Friedrich, A Wilson, DJ Koch-Muller, M Knorr, K Vogel, SC Wall, JJ Reiche, H Crichton, W Ortega-Aviles, M Avalos-Borjav, M AF Juarez-Arellano, Erick A. Winkler, Bjoern Friedrich, Alexandra Wilson, Dan J. Koch-Mueller, Monika Knorr, Karsten Vogel, Sven C. Wall, James J. Reiche, Helmut Crichton, Wilson Ortega-Aviles, Mayahuel Avalos-Borjav, Miguel TI Reaction of rhenium and carbon at high pressures and temperatures SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE Carbides; High pressures and temperatures; Synchrotron radiation; Analytical electron microscopy; Density functional theory (DFT); X-ray diffraction; Powder diffraction structure analysis ID DIAMOND; DIFFRACTION; SYSTEM; STATE; CELL AB A combined X-ray diffraction, EELS and DFT study of the reaction of rhenium with carbon at high-(P, T) conditions up to P(max) = 67 GPa and T(max) = 3800 K is presented. A hexagonal rhenium carbide, ReC(x), was identified as the stable phase at high-(P, T) conditions. A composition of ReC(0.5) is proposed. No evidence for a cubic ReC polymorph with rocksalt structure, as suggested in the literature, or for any other phase was found at the P-T conditions explored. A preliminary P-T rhenium-carbon phase diagram has been derived and properties such as bulk moduli and elastic stiffness coefficients were obtained. C1 [Juarez-Arellano, Erick A.; Winkler, Bjoern; Friedrich, Alexandra; Wilson, Dan J.; Knorr, Karsten] Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Koch-Mueller, Monika] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Sekt 4 1, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Knorr, Karsten] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch Mineral Kristallog, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Vogel, Sven C.; Wall, James J.; Reiche, Helmut] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Crichton, Wilson] ESRF, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Ortega-Aviles, Mayahuel] LMEUAR, IMP, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. [Avalos-Borjav, Miguel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CCMC, Ensenada 2681, Baja California, Mexico. RP Juarez-Arellano, EA (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM arellano@kristall.uni-frankfurt.de RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Juarez-Arellano, Erick/0000-0003-4844-8317; Crichton, Wilson/0000-0001-6823-5509; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 FU DFG [WI 1232, SPP-1136, SPP-1236]; DGAPA-UNAM [IN-108908]; CONACyT-DAAD PROALMEX FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the DFG through Research Fellowships (WI 1232 within the projects SPP-1136 and SPP-1236), from DGAPA-UNAM grant IN-108908 and CONACyT-DAAD PROALMEX grant. DJW would like to thank the MaterialsGrid project for funding. Thanks are due to Desiree Argott de Juarez and Silvina Pagola for their comments and F. Ruiz for technical help. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 VL 223 IS 8 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1524/zkri.2008.0054 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 376DA UT WOS:000261162100002 ER PT J AU Kohlmann, H Zhao, YS Nicol, MF McClure, J AF Kohlmann, Holger Zhao, Yusheng Nicol, Malcolm F. McClure, Jason TI The crystal structure of alpha-MgD(2) under high pressure by neutron powder diffraction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE Neutron powder diffraction; High pressure; Metal hydrides; Magnesium deuteride; Rietveld refinement ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RUTILE-TYPE; MAGNESIUM DEUTERIDE; METAL-HYDRIDES; HYDROGEN; TRANSITION; MG(BH4)(2); DISTANCES; EVOLUTION; MAGNETISM AB The crystal structure of rutile-type magnesium deuteride, alpha-MgD(2), has been studied by in situ neutron powder diffraction at room temperature and pressures up to 9.3 GPa. The bulk modulus B(0) = 49(2) GPa is about half, the linear compressibilities (0.0063/GPa along a and 0.0041/GPa along c) are about twice and the variation of the free positional parameter x about six times the values for the isostructural magnesium fluoride, indicating the strong polarizability of the deuteride anion. Under pressure the MgD(6) octahedra are more compressed (four Mg-D distances at 199(1), two at 173(1) pm) than at ambient pressure (195.1(1), 194.8(2) pm) and the structural arrangement becomes more CaCl(2) like, although no structural phase transition has been observed. C1 [Kohlmann, Holger] Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nicol, Malcolm F.; McClure, Jason] Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Kohlmann, H (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Campus C4-1, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. EM h.kohlmann@mx.uni-saarland.de RI Kohlmann, Holger/C-6244-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 VL 223 IS 10 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1524/zkri.2008.1126 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 488XW UT WOS:000269384700012 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Geantil, P Kassner, ME Liu, W Stoudt, MR AF Levine, L. E. Larson, B. C. Tischler, J. Z. Geantil, P. Kassner, M. E. Liu, W. Stoudt, M. R. TI Impact of dislocation cell elastic strain variations on line profiles from deformed copper SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Size-Strain Conference on the Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials CY OCT 07-09, 2007 CL Garmisch Partenkirchen, GERMANY DE micro-diffraction; dislocations; residual stress; plastic deformation ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION AB Energy scanned, sub-micrometer X-ray beams were used to obtain diffraction line profiles from individual dislocation cells in copper single crystals deformed in compression. Sub-micrometer depth resolution was provided by translating a wire through the diffracted beams and using triangulation to determine the depths of the diffracting volumes. Connection to classic volume-averaged results was made by adding the line profiles from 52 spatially resolved dislocation cell measurements. The resulting sub profile is smooth and symmetric, in agreement with early assumptions; the mean strain and full width half maximum are consistent with the average of the parameters extracted from the more exact individual dislocation cell measurements. C1 [Levine, L. E.; Stoudt, M. R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, B. C.; Tischler, J. Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Geantil, P.; Kassner, M. E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Lyle.Levitie@nist.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2008 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1524/zksu.2008.0008 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 422QC UT WOS:000264441800007 ER PT J AU Redington, RL Redington, TE Sams, RL AF Redington, Richard L. Redington, Theresa E. Sams, Robert L. TI Infrared Absorption Spectra in the Hydroxyl Stretching Regions of Gaseous Tropolone OHO Isotopomers SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tropolone; Spectral Tunneling Doublets; Hydroxyl Stretching Couplings; Isotope Effects ID JET-COOLED TROPOLONE; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; FTIR SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; STATES; MALONALDEHYDE; SYSTEM; VAPOR AB Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra in the 2000 to 3500 cm(-1) range are reported for the gaseous (16)O,(16)O- and (18)O, (18)O-isotopomers of tropolone[OH(OD)] at 25 degrees C. The spectral doublet component separations are near 20 and 19 cm(-1) for (16)O,(16)O- and (18)O,(18)O- Tp(OH), respectively, and near 7 and 6.5 cm(-1) for (16)O,(16)O- and (18)O,(18)O-Tp(OD). The spectra suggest the tautomerization tunneling mechanisms in these states are complex multidimensional processes including the participation of IVR. In general. the OHO isotope effects demonstrate a mixing of O atom displacement coordinates into the intramolecular dynamics for most of the vibrational states observed in the fundamental CH/OH(OD) stretching regions. C1 [Redington, Richard L.; Redington, Theresa E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79709 USA. [Sams, Robert L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Redington, RL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79709 USA. EM richard.redington@ttu.edu FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; US Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The high resolution FTIR data reported in this paper were recorded at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 222 IS 8-9 BP 1197 EP 1211 DI 10.1524/zpch.2008.5383 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 376CU UT WOS:000261161500009 ER PT S AU Kennedy, GJ Wiench, JW Pruski, M AF Kennedy, Gordon J. Wiench, Jerzy W. Pruski, Marek BE Gedeon, A Massiani, P Babonneau, F TI Determination of Si-Al connectivities in zeolites with 2D Al-Si RAPT CPMAS CPMG HETCOR NMR techniques. SO ZEOLITES AND RELATED MATERIALS: TRENDS, TARGETS AND CHALLENGES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL FEZA CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the Federation of European Zeolite Associations (FEZA) CY SEP 02-06, 2008 CL Univ Pierra Marie Curie, Paris, FRANCE SP French Group Zeolites (GFZ) HO Univ Pierra Marie Curie DE ZSM-4; MAZ; Zeolite; NMR; HETCOR ID SOLID-STATE NMR; 3-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE CONNECTIVITIES; CROSS-POLARIZATION; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; SI-29; SPECTRA; AL-27 AB The concept of the combined use of RAPT (rotor assisted population transfer) and CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) techniques to boost the sensitivity of CP (cross polarization) based NMR experiments is applied to a synthetic zeolite (ZSM-4). The sensitivity was increased by a factor of similar to 4 (equivalent to 16X savings in time), which enabled acquisition of a high quality 2D Al-27-Si-29 HETCOR (heteronuclear correlation) spectrum. By separating the resonances in two dimensions, through-space connectivities between spins were revealed and the effective resolution was improved in both dimensions, allowing clarification of the existing ambiguities in spectral assignments in this material. The spectra indicate random distribution of Al and Si within the ZSM-4 network. Additionally, unexpected correlations were observed between different components of inhomogeneously broadened Si-29 and Al-27 lines, which are most likely due to differences in the second coordination sphere environments. C1 [Kennedy, Gordon J.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, 1545 Route 22E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Wiench, Jerzy W.; Pruski, Marek] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wiench, Jerzy W.; Pruski, Marek] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kennedy, GJ (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, 1545 Route 22E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co. FX At the Ames Laboratory this research was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The support of ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co. is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-44453-298-5 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2008 VL 174 BP 769 EP 774 PN 2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BRV36 UT WOS:000283742800003 ER PT J AU Mueller, RL Gregory, TR Gregory, SM Hsieh, A Boore, JL AF Mueller, Rachel Lockridge Gregory, T. Ryan Gregory, Sean M. Hsieh, Alice Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Genome size, cell size, and the evolution of enucleated erythrocytes in attenuate salamanders SO ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Batrachoseps; Plethodontidae; nucleus; miniaturization; red blood cells ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; C-VALUE ENIGMA; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; VERTEBRATES; DNA; BATRACHOSEPS; COMPLEXITY; MAMMALS AB Within the salamander family Plethodontidae, five different clades have evolved high levels of enucleated red blood cells, which are extremely unusual among non-mammalian vertebrates. In each of these five clades, the salamanders have large genomes and miniaturized or attenuated body forms. Such a correlation suggests that the loss of nuclei in red blood cells may be related, in part, to the interaction between large genome size and small body size, which has been shown to have profound morphological consequences for the nervous and visual systems in plethodontids. Previous work has demonstrated that variation in both the level of enucleated cells and the size of the nuclear genome exists among species of the monophyletic plethodontid genus Batrachoseps. Here, we report extensive intraspecific variation in levels of enucleated red blood cells in 15 species and provide measurements of red blood cell size, nucleus size, and genome size for 13 species of Batrachoseps. We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus based on 6150 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from nine exemplar taxa and use it to examine the relationship between genome size and enucleated red blood cell morphology in a phylogenetic framework. Our analyses demonstrate positive direct correlations between genome size, nucleus size, and both nucleated and enucleated cell sizes within Batrachoseps, although only the relationship between genome size and nucleus size is significant when phylogenetically independent contrasts are used. In light of our results and broader studies of comparative hematology, we propose that high levels of enucleated, variably sized red blood cells in Batrachoseps may have evolved in response to rheological problems associated with the circulation of large red blood cells containing large, bulky nuclei in an attenuate organism. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, Rachel Lockridge; Hsieh, Alice] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mueller, Rachel Lockridge; Hsieh, Alice; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mueller, Rachel Lockridge] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gregory, T. Ryan; Gregory, Sean M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Mueller, RL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rlm@colostate.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007270, T32 GM007270-33] NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-2006 J9 ZOOLOGY JI Zoology PY 2008 VL 111 IS 3 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.zool.2007.07.010 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 306CW UT WOS:000256226900005 PM 18328681 ER PT J AU Liu, CH Vander Wiel, SA AF Liu, Chuanhai Vander Wiel, Scott A. TI STATISTICAL QUASI-NEWTON: A NEW LOOK AT LEAST CHANGE SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE BFGS; DFP; negative Broyden family; Wishart model AB A new method for quasi-Newton minimization outperforms BFGS by combining least-change updates of the Hessian with step sizes estimated from a Wishart model of uncertainty. The Hessian update is in the Broyden family but uses a negative parameter, outside the convex range, that is usually regarded as the safe zone for Broyden updates. Although full Newton steps based on this update tend to be too long, excellent performance is obtained with shorter steps estimated from the Wishart model. In numerical comparisons to BFGS the new statistical quasi-Newton (SQN) algorithm typically converges with about 25% fewer iterations, functions, and gradient evaluations on the top 1/3 hardest unconstrained problems in the CUTE library. Typical improvement on the 1/3 easiest problems is about 5%. The framework used to derive SQN provides a simple way to understand differences among various Broyden updates such as BFGS and DFP and shows that these methods do not preserve accuracy of the Hessian, in a certain sense, while the new method does. In fact, BFGS, DFP, and all other updates with nonnegative Broyden parameters tend to inflate Hessian estimates, and this accounts for their observed propensity to correct eigenvalues that are too small more readily than eigenvalues that are too large. Numerical results on three new test functions validate these conclusions. C1 [Liu, Chuanhai; Vander Wiel, Scott A.] Bell Labs, Stat & Data Min Res, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. [Liu, Chuanhai] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Vander Wiel, Scott A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, CH (reprint author), Bell Labs, Stat & Data Min Res, 700 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM chuanhai@stat.purdue.edu; scottv@lanl.gov FU U.S. Government FX Received by the editors September 9, 2004; accepted for publication (in revised form) April 9, 2007; published electronically October 24, 2007. Most of this work was done while the authors were in the Statistics Research Department, Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies. This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 EI 1095-7189 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1285 DI 10.1137/040614700 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V17MD UT WOS:000207940400007 ER PT J AU Atchison, F Blau, B Bodek, K van den Brandt, B Brys, T Daum, M Fierlinger, P Frei, A Geltenbort, P Hautle, P Henneck, R Heule, S Holley, A Kasprzak, M Kirch, K Knecht, A Konter, JA Kuzniak, M Liu, CY Morris, CL Pichlmaier, A Plonka, C Pokotilovski, Y Saunders, A Shin, Y Tortorella, D Wohlmuther, M Young, AR Zejma, J Zsigmond, G AF Atchison, F. Blau, B. Bodek, K. van den Brandt, B. Brys, T. Daum, M. Fierlinger, P. Frei, A. Geltenbort, P. Hautle, P. Henneck, R. Heule, S. Holley, A. Kasprzak, M. Kirch, K. Knecht, A. Konter, J. A. Kuzniak, M. Liu, C. -Y. Morris, C. L. Pichlmaier, A. Plonka, C. Pokotilovski, Y. Saunders, A. Shin, Y. Tortorella, D. Wohlmuther, M. Young, A. R. Zejma, J. Zsigmond, G. TI Cold neutron energy dependent production of ultracold neutrons in solid deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; UCN; SCATTERING AB A measurement of the production of ultracold neutrons from velocity-selected cold neutrons on gaseous and solid deuterium targets is reported. The expected energy dependence for two-particle collisions with well defined neutron and Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed molecular velocities is found for the gas target. The solid target data agree in shape with the phonon density-of-states curve and provide strong evidence for the phonon model including multiphonon excitations. C1 [Atchison, F.; Blau, B.; van den Brandt, B.; Brys, T.; Daum, M.; Fierlinger, P.; Hautle, P.; Henneck, R.; Heule, S.; Kasprzak, M.; Kirch, K.; Knecht, A.; Konter, J. A.; Pichlmaier, A.; Wohlmuther, M.; Zsigmond, G.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Bodek, K.; Kuzniak, M.; Zejma, J.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Frei, A.; Tortorella, D.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Geltenbort, P.] ILL, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Holley, A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Liu, C. -Y.; Shin, Y.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Morris, C. L.; Saunders, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. [Pokotilovski, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Brys, T.] ETH, Inst Tech Chem, Zurich, Switzerland. [Heule, S.; Knecht, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kasprzak, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Stefan Meyer Inst Subatomare Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Kuzniak, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Kirch, K (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM malgorzata.kasprzak@psi.ch; klaus.kirch@psi.ch RI Kirch, Klaus/A-4601-2010; Hautle, Patrick/C-1044-2012; Knecht, Andreas/C-9917-2013; Kuzniak, Marcin/A-3053-2015; OI Hautle, Patrick/0000-0002-0502-8278; Knecht, Andreas/0000-0002-3767-950X; Kuzniak, Marcin/0000-0001-9632-9115; Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 262502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.262502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900012 PM 18233572 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA del Amo Sanchez, P Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Zheng, Y Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Lista, L Monorchio, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB 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Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Milanes, DA Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Harrison, PF Ilic, J Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Neal, H AF Aubert, B. 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Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Evidence for charged B meson decays to a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(0) and a(1)(0)(1260)pi(+/-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We present measurements of the branching fractions for the decays B-+/--> a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(0) and B-+/--> a(1)(0)(1260)pi(+/-) from a data sample of 232x10(6) B(B)over-bar pairs produced in e(+)e(-) annihilation through the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We measure the branching fraction B(B-+/--> a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(0))xB(a(1)(+/-)(1260)->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+/-))=(13.2 +/- 2.7 +/- 2.1)x10(-6) with a significance of 4.2 sigma, and the branching fraction B(B-+/--> a(1)(0)(1260)pi(+/-))xB(a(1)(0)(1260)->pi(-)pi(+)pi(0))=(20.4 +/- 4.7 +/- 3.4)x10(-6) with a significance of 3.8 sigma, where the first error quoted is statistical and the second is systematic. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. Garra; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.] Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. 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B.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Lista, L.] Univ Basilicata, Potenza, Italy. [Band, H. R.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; van Bakel, Niels/B-6233-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016 OI Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; van Bakel, Niels/0000-0002-4053-7588; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 261801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.261801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900006 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Rochau, GA Iglesias, CA Abdallah, J MacFarlane, JJ Golovkin, I Wang, P Mancini, RC Lake, PW Moore, TC Bump, M Garcia, O Mazevet, S AF Bailey, J. E. Rochau, G. A. Iglesias, C. A. Abdallah, J., Jr. MacFarlane, J. J. Golovkin, I. Wang, P. Mancini, R. C. Lake, P. W. Moore, T. C. Bump, M. Garcia, O. Mazevet, S. TI Iron-plasma transmission measurements at temperatures above 150 eV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPACITY MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION EXPERIMENTS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; CONSTRAINED SAMPLES; SOLAR ABUNDANCES; LINE EMISSION; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; SPECTRUM; MODELS; RANGE AB Measurements of iron-plasma transmission at 156 +/- 6 eV electron temperature and 6.9 +/- 1.7x10(21) cm(-3) electron density are reported over the 800-1800 eV photon energy range. The temperature is more than twice that in prior experiments, permitting the first direct experimental tests of absorption features critical for understanding solar interior radiation transport. Detailed line-by-line opacity models are in excellent agreement with the data. C1 [Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.; Lake, P. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Iglesias, C. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [MacFarlane, J. J.; Golovkin, I.; Wang, P.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Moore, T. C.; Bump, M.; Garcia, O.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mazevet, S.] CEA, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 265002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.265002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900022 PM 18233582 ER PT J AU Buchanan, KS Grimsditch, M Fradin, FY Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Buchanan, K. S. Grimsditch, M. Fradin, F. Y. Bader, S. D. Novosad, V. TI Driven dynamic mode splitting of the magnetic vortex translational resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EXCITATIONS; PERMALLOY; DOTS AB A magnetic vortex in a restricted geometry possesses a nondegenerate translational excitation that corresponds to circular motion of its core at a characteristic frequency. For 40-nm thick, micron-sized permalloy elements, we find that the translational-mode microwave absorption peak splits into two peaks that differ in frequency by up to 25% as the driving field is increased. An analysis of micromagnetic equations shows that for large driving fields two stable solutions emerge. C1 [Buchanan, K. S.; Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanosclae Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Grimsditch, M.; Fradin, F. Y.; Bader, S. D.; Novosad, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buchanan, KS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanosclae Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM buchanan@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 267201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.267201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900040 PM 18233600 ER PT J AU Harvey, JA Hill, CT Hill, RJ AF Harvey, Jeffrey A. Hill, Christopher T. Hill, Richard J. TI Anomaly mediated neutrino-photon interactions at finite baryon density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WARD IDENTITIES; NUCLEAR-MATTER; EMISSION; MODEL AB We propose new physical processes based on the axial vector anomaly and described by the Wess-Zumino-Witten term that couples the photon, Z-boson, and the omega-meson. The interaction takes the form of a pseudo-Chern-Simons term, similar to epsilon(mu nu rho sigma)omega(mu)Z(nu)F(rho sigma). This term induces neutrino-photon interactions at finite baryon density via the coupling of the Z-boson to neutrinos. These interactions may be detectable in various laboratory and astrophysical arenas. The new interactions may account for the excess observed at the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Experiment MiniBooNE. They also produce a competitive contribution to neutron star cooling at temperatures greater than or similar to 10(9) K. These processes and related axion-photon interactions at finite baryon density appear to be relevant in many astrophysical regimes. C1 [Harvey, Jeffrey A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Harvey, Jeffrey A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hill, Christopher T.; Hill, Richard J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Harvey, JA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 261601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.261601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900005 PM 18233565 ER PT J AU Lancaster, T Blundell, SJ Baker, PJ Brooks, ML Hayes, W Pratt, FL Manson, JL Conner, MM Schlueter, JA AF Lancaster, T. Blundell, S. J. Baker, P. J. Brooks, M. L. Hayes, W. Pratt, F. L. Manson, J. L. Conner, M. M. Schlueter, J. A. TI Muon-fluorine entangled states in molecular magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION; HYDROGEN; PYRAZINE AB The information accessible from a muon-spin relaxation experiment can be limited due to a lack of knowledge of the precise muon stopping site. We demonstrate here the possibility of localizing a spin polarized muon in a known stopping state in a molecular material containing fluorine. The muon-spin precession that results from the entangled nature of the muon spin and surrounding nuclear spins is sensitive to the nature of the stopping site. We use this property to identify three classes of sites that occur in molecular magnets and describe the extent to which the muon distorts its surroundings. C1 [Lancaster, T.; Blundell, S. J.; Baker, P. J.; Brooks, M. L.; Hayes, W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Pratt, F. L.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Manson, J. L.; Conner, M. M.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Schlueter, J. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lancaster, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM t.lancaster1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Baker, Peter/E-4216-2010 OI Baker, Peter/0000-0002-2306-2648 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 267601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.267601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900043 PM 18233603 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Holod, I Chen, L Diamond, PH Hahm, TS Ethier, S AF Lin, Z. Holod, I. Chen, L. Diamond, P. H. Hahm, T. S. Ethier, S. TI Wave-particle decorrelation and transport of anisotropic turbulence in collisionless plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; ZONAL FLOW; MODE; SIMULATIONS AB Comprehensive analysis of the largest first-principles simulations to date shows that stochastic wave-particle decorrelation is the dominant mechanism responsible for electron heat transport driven by electron temperature gradient turbulence with extended radial streamers. The transport is proportional to the local fluctuation intensity, and phase-space island overlap leads to a diffusive process with a time scale comparable to the wave-particle decorrelation time, determined by the fluctuation spectral width. This kinetic time scale is much shorter than the fluid time scale of eddy mixing. C1 [Lin, Z.; Holod, I.; Chen, L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Diamond, P. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hahm, T. S.; Ethier, S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM zhihong1@uci.edu RI chen, liu/I-2297-2013; Holod, Ihor/G-2801-2015 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 265003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.265003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900023 PM 18233583 ER PT J AU Nasseripour, R Wood, MH Djalali, C Weygand, DP Tur, C Mosel, U Muehlich, P Adams, G Amaryan, MJ Ambrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asryan, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Baillie, N Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Bedlinskiy, I Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Biselli, AS Blaszczyk, L Bouchigny, S Boiarinov, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Carnahan, B Casey, L Chen, S Cole, PL Collins, P Coltharp, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Crede, V Cummings, JP Dashyan, N De Masi, R De Vita, R De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Deur, A Dharmawardane, KV Dickson, R Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS El Fassi, L Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Funsten, H Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gordon, CIO Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hafidi, K Hakobyan, H Hakobyan, RS Hanretty, C Hardie, J Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, EL Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Johnstone, JR Joo, K Juengst, HG Kalantarians, N Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Kossov, M Krahn, Z Kramer, LH Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Kuleshov, SV Lachniet, J Laget, JM Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Lu, HY MacCormick, M Markov, N Mattione, P McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mibe, T Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Moriya, K Morrow, SA Moteabbed, M Mueller, J Munevar, E Mutchler, GS Nadel-Turonski, P Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niroula, MR Niyazov, RA Nozar, M Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Paterson, C Pereira, SA Pierce, J Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Sabatie, F Salamanca, J Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Sharov, D Shvedunov, NV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Sokhan, D Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, SS Stepanyan, S Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Tkabladze, A Tkachenko, S Todor, L Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Watts, DP Weinstein, LB Williams, M Wolin, E Yegneswaran, A Zana, L Zhang, B Zhang, J Zhao, B Zhao, ZW AF Nasseripour, R. Wood, M. H. Djalali, C. Weygand, D. P. Tur, C. Mosel, U. Muehlich, P. Adams, G. Amaryan, M. J. Ambrozewicz, P. Anghinolfi, M. Asryan, G. Avakian, H. Bagdasaryan, H. Baillie, N. Ball, J. P. Baltzell, N. A. Barrow, S. Battaglieri, M. Bedlinskiy, I. Bektasoglu, M. Bellis, M. Benmouna, N. Berman, B. L. Biselli, A. S. Blaszczyk, L. Bouchigny, S. Boiarinov, S. Bradford, R. Branford, D. Briscoe, W. J. Brooks, W. K. Bueltmann, S. Burkert, V. D. Butuceanu, C. Calarco, J. R. Careccia, S. L. Carman, D. S. Carnahan, B. Casey, L. Chen, S. Cole, P. L. Collins, P. Coltharp, P. Crabb, D. Crannell, H. Crede, V. Cummings, J. P. Dashyan, N. De Masi, R. De Vita, R. De Sanctis, E. Degtyarenko, P. V. Denizli, H. Dennis, L. Deur, A. Dharmawardane, K. V. Dickson, R. Dodge, G. E. Doughty, D. Dugger, M. Dytman, S. Dzyubak, O. P. Egiyan, H. Egiyan, K. S. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, L. Eugenio, P. Fedotov, G. Feldman, G. Feuerbach, R. J. Funsten, H. Garcon, M. Gavalian, G. Gilfoyle, G. P. Giovanetti, K. L. Girod, F. X. Goetz, J. T. Gordon, C. I. O. Gothe, R. W. Griffioen, K. A. Guidal, M. Guler, N. Guo, L. Gyurjyan, V. Hadjidakis, C. Hafidi, K. Hakobyan, H. Hakobyan, R. S. Hanretty, C. Hardie, J. Hersman, F. W. Hicks, K. Hleiqawi, I. Holtrop, M. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ilieva, Y. Ireland, D. G. Ishkhanov, B. S. Isupov, E. L. Ito, M. M. Jenkins, D. Jo, H. S. Johnstone, J. R. Joo, K. Juengst, H. G. Kalantarians, N. Kellie, J. D. Khandaker, M. Kim, W. Klein, A. Klein, F. J. Klimenko, A. V. Kossov, M. Krahn, Z. Kramer, L. H. Kubarovsky, V. Kuhn, J. Kuhn, S. E. Kuleshov, S. V. Lachniet, J. Laget, J. M. Langheinrich, J. Lawrence, D. Li, Ji Livingston, K. Lu, H. Y. MacCormick, M. Markov, N. Mattione, P. McAleer, S. McKinnon, B. McNabb, J. W. C. Mecking, B. A. Mehrabyan, S. Melone, J. J. Mestayer, M. D. Meyer, C. A. Mibe, T. Mikhailov, K. Minehart, R. Mirazita, M. Miskimen, R. Mokeev, V. Moriya, K. Morrow, S. A. Moteabbed, M. Mueller, J. Munevar, E. Mutchler, G. S. Nadel-Turonski, P. Niccolai, S. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Niczyporuk, B. B. Niroula, M. R. Niyazov, R. A. Nozar, M. Osipenko, M. Ostrovidov, A. I. Park, K. Pasyuk, E. Paterson, C. Pereira, S. Anefalos Pierce, J. Pivnyuk, N. Pocanic, D. Pogorelko, O. Pozdniakov, S. Preedom, B. M. Price, J. W. Prok, Y. Protopopescu, D. Raue, B. A. Riccardi, G. Ricco, G. Ripani, M. Ritchie, B. G. Ronchetti, F. Rosner, G. Rossi, P. Sabatie, F. Salamanca, J. Salgado, C. Santoro, J. P. Sapunenko, V. Schumacher, R. A. Serov, V. S. Sharabian, Y. G. Sharov, D. Shvedunov, N. V. Smith, E. S. Smith, L. C. Sober, D. I. Sokhan, D. Stavinsky, A. Stepanyan, S. S. Stepanyan, S. Stokes, B. E. Stoler, P. Strakovsky, I. I. Strauch, S. Taiuti, M. Tedeschi, D. J. Tkabladze, A. Tkachenko, S. Todor, L. Ungaro, M. Vineyard, M. F. Vlassov, A. V. Watts, D. P. Weinstein, L. B. Williams, M. Wolin, E. Yegneswaran, A. Zana, L. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Zhao, B. Zhao, Z. W. TI Search for medium modifications of the rho meson SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSITION; PB-AU COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; VECTOR-MESONS; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; PARTICLE PHYSICS; SUM-RULES; HOT; ENERGY; CEBAF AB The photoproduction of vector mesons on various nuclei has been studied using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The vector mesons, rho, omega, and phi, are observed via their decay to e(+)e(-), in order to reduce the effects of final-state interactions in the nucleus. Of particular interest are possible in-medium effects on the properties of the rho meson. The rho mass spectrum is extracted from the data on various nuclei, H-2, C, Fe, and Ti. We observe no significant mass shift and some broadening consistent with expected collisional broadening for the rho meson. C1 [Nasseripour, R.; Wood, M. H.; Djalali, C.; Tur, C.; Baltzell, N. A.; Dzyubak, O. P.; Gothe, R. W.; Langheinrich, J.; Lu, H. Y.; Preedom, B. M.; Strauch, S.; Tedeschi, D. J.; Zhao, Z. W.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ambrozewicz, P.; Kramer, L. H.; Moteabbed, M.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Weygand, D. P.; Avakian, H.; Boiarinov, S.; Brooks, W. K.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.; Degtyarenko, P. V.; Deur, A.; Doughty, D.; Egiyan, H.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Girod, F. X.; Guo, L.; Gyurjyan, V.; Hardie, J.; Ito, M. M.; Kramer, L. H.; Mecking, B. A.; Mestayer, M. D.; Niczyporuk, B. B.; Niyazov, R. A.; Nozar, M.; Raue, B. A.; Santoro, J. P.; Sapunenko, V.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Smith, E. S.; Stepanyan, S.; Wolin, E.; Yegneswaran, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Mosel, U.; Muehlich, P.] Univ Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [El Fassi, L.; Hafidi, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ball, J. P.; Collins, P.; Dugger, M.; Pasyuk, E.; Ritchie, B. G.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Goetz, J. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Price, J. W.] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Bellis, M.; Biselli, A. S.; Bradford, R.; Dickson, R.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Krahn, Z.; Kuhn, J.; Lachniet, J.; McNabb, J. W. C.; Meyer, C. A.; Moriya, K.; Todor, L.; Williams, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Carnahan, B.; Casey, L.; Crannell, H.; Hakobyan, R. S.; Klein, F. J.; Santoro, J. P.; Sober, D. I.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [De Masi, R.; Garcon, M.; Girod, F. X.; Laget, J. M.; Mehrabyan, S.; Morrow, S. A.; Sabatie, F.] CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doughty, D.; Hardie, J.] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Joo, K.; Markov, N.; Ungaro, M.; Zhao, B.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Branford, D.; Sokhan, D.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Biselli, A. S.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. [Barrow, S.; Blaszczyk, L.; Coltharp, P.; Crede, V.; Dennis, L.; Eugenio, P.; Hanretty, C.; McAleer, S.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Riccardi, G.; Stokes, B. E.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Benmouna, N.; Berman, B. L.; Briscoe, W. J.; Feldman, G.; Ilieva, Y.; Juengst, H. G.; Munevar, E.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Niccolai, S.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strauch, S.; Tkabladze, A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gordon, C. I. O.; Ireland, D. G.; Johnstone, J. R.; Kellie, J. D.; Livingston, K.; McKinnon, B.; Melone, J. J.; Paterson, C.; Protopopescu, D.; Rosner, G.; Watts, D. P.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Cole, P. L.; Salamanca, J.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [De Sanctis, E.; Mirazita, M.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Ronchetti, F.; Rossi, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Anghinolfi, M.; Battaglieri, M.; De Vita, R.; Osipenko, M.; Ricco, G.; Ripani, M.; Taiuti, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Bouchigny, S.; De Masi, R.; Guidal, M.; Hadjidakis, C.; Jo, H. S.; MacCormick, M.; Morrow, S. A.; Niccolai, S.] Inst Phys Nucl, Orsay, France. [Bedlinskiy, I.; Kossov, M.; Kuleshov, S. V.; Mikhailov, K.; Pivnyuk, N.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Serov, V. S.; Stavinsky, A.; Vlassov, A. V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Giovanetti, K. L.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Kim, W.; Park, K.; Stepanyan, S. S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Zhang, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lawrence, D.; Miskimen, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fedotov, G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Mokeev, V.; Osipenko, M.; Sharov, D.; Shvedunov, N. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Gen Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Calarco, J. R.; Gavalian, G.; Hersman, F. W.; Holtrop, M.; Protopopescu, D.; Zana, L.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Khandaker, M.; Salgado, C.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Bektasoglu, M.; Hicks, K.; Hleiqawi, I.; Mibe, T.; Niculescu, G.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Amaryan, M. J.; Bagdasaryan, H.; Bueltmann, S.; Careccia, S. L.; Dharmawardane, K. V.; Dodge, G. E.; Gavalian, G.; Guler, N.; Hyde-Wright, C. E.; Juengst, H. G.; Kalantarians, N.; Klein, A.; Klimenko, A. V.; Kuhn, S. E.; Lachniet, J.; Niroula, M. R.; Niyazov, R. A.; Tkachenko, S.; Weinstein, L. B.; Zhang, J.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Denizli, H.; Dytman, S.; Mehrabyan, S.; Mueller, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Adams, G.; Biselli, A. S.; Cummings, J. P.; Kubarovsky, V.; Li, Ji; Stoler, P.; Ungaro, M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Mattione, P.; Mutchler, G. S.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Gilfoyle, G. P.; Todor, L.; Vineyard, M. F.] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Vineyard, M. F.] Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Jenkins, D.; Santoro, J. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Crabb, D.; Minehart, R.; Pierce, J.; Pocanic, D.; Prok, Y.; Smith, L. C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Baillie, N.; Butuceanu, C.; Funsten, H.; Griffioen, K. A.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Asryan, G.; Bagdasaryan, H.; Dashyan, N.; Egiyan, K. S.; Hakobyan, H.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Nasseripour, R (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Mosel, Ulrich/E-2565-2012; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Lu, Haiyun/B-4083-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Zana, Lorenzo/H-3032-2012; Isupov, Evgeny/J-2976-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Zhao, Bo/J-6819-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; OI Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Zhao, Bo/0000-0003-3171-5335; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; RIPANI, Maurizio/0000-0003-4450-8511 NR 48 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 262302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.262302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900010 PM 18233570 ER PT J AU Seo, SSA Choi, WS Lee, HN Yu, L Kim, KW Bernhard, C Noh, TW AF Seo, S. S. A. Choi, W. S. Lee, H. N. Yu, L. Kim, K. W. Bernhard, C. Noh, T. W. TI Optical study of the free-carrier response of LaTiO(3)/SrTiO(3) superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT-INSULATOR; METAL; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CONDUCTIVITY; SR1-XLAXTIO3; INTERFACE; FILMS AB We used infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry to investigate the electronic properties of LaTiO(3)/SrTiO(3) superlattices (SLs). Our results indicated that, independent of the SL periodicity and individual layer thickness, the SLs exhibited a Drude metallic response with sheet carrier density per interface approximate to 3x10(14) cm(-2). This is probably due to the leakage of d electrons at interfaces from the Mott insulator LaTiO(3) to the band insulator SrTiO(3). We observed a carrier relaxation time approximate to 35 fs and mobility approximate to 35 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at 10 K, and an unusual temperature dependence of carrier density that was attributed to the dielectric screening of quantum paraelectric SrTiO(3). C1 [Seo, S. S. A.; Choi, W. S.; Noh, T. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, ReCOE & FPRD, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Lee, H. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yu, L.; Kim, K. W.; Bernhard, C.] Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. [Yu, L.; Kim, K. W.; Bernhard, C.] Univ Fribourg, Fribourg Ctr Nanomat, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Seo, SSA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM twnoh@snu.ac.kr RI Seo, Sung Seok/B-6964-2008; Kim, Kyungwan/A-9242-2012; Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012; Choi, Woo Seok/G-8783-2014 OI Seo, Sung Seok/0000-0002-7055-5314; Kim, Kyungwan/0000-0003-3833-5378; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975; NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 266801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.266801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900038 PM 18233598 ER PT J AU Staudte, A Ruiz, C Schoffler, M Schoessler, S Zeidler, D Weber, T Meckel, M Villeneuve, DM Corkum, PB Becker, A Dorner, R AF Staudte, A. Ruiz, C. Schoeffler, M. Schoessler, S. Zeidler, D. Weber, Th. Meckel, M. Villeneuve, D. M. Corkum, P. B. Becker, A. Doerner, R. TI Binary and recoil collisions in strong field double ionization of helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONSEQUENTIAL DOUBLE-IONIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; THRESHOLD; EMISSION AB We have investigated the correlated momentum distribution of both electrons from nonsequential double ionization of helium in a 800 nm, 4.5x10(14) W/cm(2) laser field. Using very high resolution coincidence techniques, we find a so-far unobserved fingerlike structure in the correlated electron momentum distribution. The structure can be interpreted as a signature of the microscopic dynamics in the recollision process. We identify features corresponding to the binary and recoil lobe in field-free (e,2e) collisions. This interpretation is supported by analyzing ab initio solutions of a fully correlated three-dimensional helium model. C1 [Staudte, A.; Villeneuve, D. M.; Corkum, P. B.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Ruiz, C.; Becker, A.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Schoeffler, M.; Schoessler, S.; Meckel, M.; Doerner, R.] JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Zeidler, D.] Carl Zeiss SMT AG, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany. [Weber, Th.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Staudte, A (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM andre.staudte@nrc.ca RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Villeneuve, David/I-4140-2012; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; Becker, Andreas/K-4402-2013; Ruiz, Camilo/A-5024-2014 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Villeneuve, David/0000-0002-2810-3648; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Ruiz, Camilo/0000-0001-9538-5780 NR 24 TC 140 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 263002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.263002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900014 PM 18233574 ER PT J AU Yin, L Albright, BJ Bowers, KJ Daughton, W Rose, HA AF Yin, L. Albright, B. J. Bowers, K. J. Daughton, W. Rose, H. A. TI Saturation of backward stimulated scattering of a laser beam in the kinetic regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN BACKSCATTER; SELF-MODULATION; HOT-SPOTS; WAVES; INSTABILITY; BRILLOUIN; MODEL AB Stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin scattering (SBS) are examined in the kinetic regime using particle-in-cell simulations. Wave front bowing of electron-plasma waves (ion-acoustic waves) from trapped particle nonlinear frequency shift is observed in the SRS (SBS) regime for the first time. Self-focusing from trapped particle modulational instability (TPMI) is shown to occur in 2D and 3D SRS simulations. The key physics of SRS saturation is identified as a combination of wave front bowing, TPMI, and self-focusing: Bowing marks the beginning of SRS saturation and self-focusing terminates SRS. Ion-acoustic wave bowing also contributes to SBS saturation. Velocity diffusion by transverse modes and rapid loss of hot electrons in regions of small transverse extent formed from self-focusing dissipate wave energy and increase Landau damping, despite trapping that reduces Landau damping initially. C1 [Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Bowers, K. J.; Daughton, W.; Rose, H. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 26 AR 265004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.265004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246DE UT WOS:000251986900024 PM 18233584 ER PT J AU Mears, CA Santer, BD Wentz, FJ Taylor, KE Wehner, MF AF Mears, Carl A. Santer, Benjamin D. Wentz, Frank J. Taylor, Karl E. Wehner, Michael F. TI Relationship between temperature and precipitable water changes over tropical oceans SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HISTORICAL RADIOSONDE DATA; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; BIASES AB We use observations, climate models and reanalysis output to examine the relationship between changes in temperature and changes in precipitable water. In climate models these variables are highly correlated over the tropical oceans, with a similar scaling ratio for interannual and decadal time scales. This result is consistent with the most recently developed satellite datasets. In contrast, scaling rations based either on an earlier version of the satellite measurements or reanalysis show scaling ratios that are inconsistent with models, and are dependent on time scale. These results demonstrate that climate model output is useful for evaluating differences between divergent observational datasets. C1 [Mears, Carl A.; Wentz, Frank J.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Santer, Benjamin D.; Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Wehner, Michael F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mears, CA (reprint author), Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24709 DI 10.1029/2007GL031936 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NH UT WOS:000252013200001 ER PT J AU Meng, S Kaxiras, E Zhang, ZY AF Meng, Sheng Kaxiras, Efthimios Zhang, Zhenyu TI Water wettability of close-packed metal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RU(0001); ICE; ADSORPTION; GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; DISSOCIATION; FILMS AB We propose a new microscopic criterion to determine surface wetting: water wets the surface whenever its overlayer has a larger adsorption energy than three-dimensional clusters on the bare or water-covered substrate. This conceptually intuitive criterion is validated by detailed first-principles calculations of the energetics of layers and clusters of water on different metal surfaces. This criterion resolves naturally the current discrepancy between theory and experiment on the wetting behavior of undissociated water on Ru(0001), as well as the hydrophobic nature of the Au(111) surface. It also explains the Stranski-Krastanov ice growth on Pt(111) observed experimentally. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Meng, Sheng; Kaxiras, Efthimios] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meng, Sheng; Kaxiras, Efthimios] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meng, Sheng] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Meng, Sheng; Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Meng, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shmeng@deas.harvard.edu RI Meng, Sheng/A-7171-2010 OI Meng, Sheng/0000-0002-1553-1432 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 24 AR 244710 DI 10.1063/1.2804871 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 246DN UT WOS:000251987800036 PM 18163698 ER PT J AU Smith, RS Ayotte, P Kay, BD AF Smith, R. Scott Ayotte, Patrick Kay, Bruce D. TI Formation of supercooled liquid solutions from nanoscale amorphous solid films of methanol and ethanol SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; WATER FILMS; SELF-DIFFUSIVITY; 150 K; DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Molecular beam techniques are used to create layered nanoscale composite films of amorphous methanol and ethanol at 20 K. The films are then heated, and temperature programed desorption and infrared spectroscopy are used to observe the mixing, desorption, and crystallization behavior from the initially unmixed amorphous layers. We find that the initially unmixed amorphous layers completely intermix to form a deeply supercooled liquid solution after heating above T(g). Modeling of the desorption kinetics shows that the supercooled liquid films behave as ideal solutions. The desorption rates from the supercooled and crystalline phases are then used to derive the binary solid-liquid phase diagram. Deviations from ideal solution desorption behavior are observed when the metastable supercooled solution remains for longer times in regions of the phase diagram when thermodynamically favored crystallization occurs. In those cases, the finite lifetime of the metastable solutions results in the precipitation of crystalline solids. Finally, in very thick films at temperatures and compositions where a stable liquid should exist, we unexpectedly observe deviations from ideal solution behavior. Visual inspection of the sample indicates that these apparent departures from ideality arise from dewetting of the liquid film from the substrate. We conclude that compositionally tailored nanoscale amorphous films provide a useful means for preparing and examining deeply supercooled solutions in metastable regions of the phase diagram. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Smith, R. Scott; Ayotte, Patrick; Kay, Bruce D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 24 AR 244705 DI 10.1063/1.2819240 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 246DN UT WOS:000251987800031 PM 18163693 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Comparison between the loading capacities of columns packed with partially and totally porous fine particles what is the effective surface area available for adsorption? SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherm; adsorption energy distribution; column loading; shell particles; specific surface area; nitrogen sorptometry; ISEC; saturation capacity; RP-HPLC; Luna(2)-C-18; Halo-C-18; phenol; caffeine; insulin; lysozyme ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; SILICA; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; VOLUMES AB The adsorption isotherms of phenol, caffeine, insulin, and lysozyme were measured on two C-18-bonded silica columns. The first one was packed with classical totally porous particles (3 mu m Luna(2)-C-18 from Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), the second one with shell particles (2.7 mu m Halo-C-18 from Advanced Materials Technology, Wilmington, DE, USA). The measurements were made at room temperature (T = 295 +/- 1 K), using mainly frontal analysis (FA) and also elution by characteristic points (FACP) when necessary. The adsorption energy distributions (AEDs) were estimated by the iterative numerical expectation-maximization (EM) procedure and served to justify the choice of the best adsorption isotherm model for each compound. The best isotherm parameters were derived from either the best fit of the experimental data to a multi-Langmuir isotherm model (MLRA) or from the AED results (equilibrium constants and saturation capacities), when the convergence of the EM program was achieved. The experiments show than the loading capacity of the Luna column is more than twice that of the Halo column for low-molecular-weight compounds. This result was expected; it is in good agreement with the values of the accessible surface area of these two materials, which were calculated from the pore size volume distributions. The pore size volume distributions are validated by the excellent agreement between the calculated and measured exclusion volumes of polystyrene standards by inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC). In contrast, the loading capacity ratio of the two columns is 1.5 or less with insulin and lysozyme. This is due to a significant exclusion of these two proteins from the internal pore volumes of the two packing materials. This result raises the problem of the determination of the effective surface area of the packing material, particularly in the case of proteins. This area is about 40 and 30% of the total surface area for insulin and for lysozyme, respectively, based on the pore size volume distribution validated by the ISEC method. The ISEC experiments showed that the largest and the smallest mesopores have rather a cylindrical and a spherical shape, respectively, for both packing materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 1176 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.076 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 244ED UT WOS:000251848100014 PM 18001756 ER PT J AU Marchetti, N Guiochon, G AF Marchetti, Nicola Guiochon, Georges TI High peak capacity separations of peptides in reversed-phase gradient elution liquid chromatography on columns packed with porous shell particles SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE column performance; BSA trypsin digest; gradient elution; myoglobin trypsin digest; peak capacity; shell particles ID MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; OPTIMIZATION; PROTEOMICS; RETENTION; PACKING AB The performance of 5 and 15 cm long columns packed with shell particles (Halo, AMT) is compared in gradient elution separations of the tryptic digests of myoglobin and bovine serum albumin. The influences of the temperature and the mobile phase flow rate on the column efficiency for two peptides are discussed. The influences of this flow rate, of the temperature, and of the gradient slopes on the peak capacities are also considered. Peak capacities in excess of 400 were achieved in 6 h with the longer column. Peak capacities of 200 could be achieved in 30 min with the shorter column. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marchetti, Nicola; Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Marchetti, Nicola; Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Marchetti, Nicola/G-4933-2010; OI Marchetti, Nicola/0000-0001-5595-570X NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 1176 IS 1-2 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.012 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 244ED UT WOS:000251848100025 PM 18036600 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, G Tartakovsky, DM Robinson, BA Aceves, AB AF Srinivasan, Gowri Tartakovsky, Daniel M. Robinson, Bruce A. Aceves, Alejandro B. TI Quantification of uncertainty in geochemical reactions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; MASS-TRANSPORT; MODEL; KINETICS AB Predictions of reactive transport in the subsurface are routinely compromised by both model (structural) and parametric uncertainties. We present a set of computational tools for quantifying these two types of uncertainties. The model uncertainty is resolved at the molecular scale where epistemic uncertainty incorporates aleatory uncertainty. The parametric uncertainty is resolved at both molecular and continuum (Darcy) scales. We use the proposed approach to quantify uncertainty in modeling the sorption of neptunium through a competitive ion exchange. This radionuclide is of major concern for various high-level waste storage projects because of its relatively long half-life and its high-solubility and low-sorption properties. We demonstrate how parametric and model uncertainties affect one's ability to estimate the distribution coefficient. The uncertainty quantification tools yield complete probabilistic descriptions of key parameters affecting the fate and migration of neptunium in the subsurface rather than the lower statistical moments. This is important, since these distributions are highly skewed. C1 [Srinivasan, Gowri; Tartakovsky, Daniel M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Srinivasan, Gowri; Aceves, Alejandro B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tartakovsky, Daniel M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Robinson, Bruce A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Yucca Mountain & Nevada Test Site Environm Progra, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Srinivasan, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010; Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 AR W12415 DI 10.1029/2007WR006003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 246OU UT WOS:000252017200002 ER PT J AU Sepehri, S Feaver, A Shaw, WJ Howard, CJ Zhang, Q Autrey, T Cao, G AF Sepehri, Saghar Feaver, Aaron Shaw, Wendy J. Howard, Christopher J. Zhang, Qifeng Autrey, Tom Cao, Guozhong TI Spectroscopic studies of dehydrogenation of ammonia borane in carbon cryogel SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HYDROGEN STORAGE; AEROGELS; RELEASE; FORMALDEHYDE; RESORCINOL; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; BORON AB Ammonia borane (AB) is of great interest for storing hydrogen, an important issue in the growing field of hydrogen technology. The reaction pathways leading to the thermal decomposition of solid-state AB incorporated in carbon cryogels (CC) have been studied by spectroscopic methods. The time-dependent thermal decomposition was followed by in situ B-11 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and showed a significant increase in hydrogen release kinetics for AB in CC compared to neat AB. Both B-11 NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show a new reaction product, formed in the thermal decomposition of AB in CC scaffold (CC-AB) that is assigned to reactions with surface oxygen groups. The results indicate that incorporation of AB in CC enhances kinetics because of the reactions with residual surface-bound oxygen functional groups. The formation of new products with surface -O-B bonds is consistent with the greater reaction exothermicity observed when hydrogen is released from CC-AB materials. Scanning electron microscopy shows different morphology of AB in CC-AB nanocomposite as compared to neat AB. C1 [Sepehri, Saghar; Feaver, Aaron; Zhang, Qifeng; Autrey, Tom; Cao, Guozhong] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shaw, Wendy J.; Howard, Christopher J.; Autrey, Tom] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Autrey, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, 302 Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tom.autrey@pnl.gov; gzcao@u.washington.edu RI Cao, Guozhong/E-4799-2011 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 14285 EP 14289 DI 10.1021/jp077057t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 243JL UT WOS:000251792500031 PM 18052151 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Gee, RH Burnham, AK AF Maiti, A. Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A. Gee, R. H. Burnham, A. K. TI Vapor pressure and sublimation rate of molecular crystals: Role of internal degrees of freedom SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD; NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; SIMULATIONS; DESORPTION; COMPASS; PHASE; BOND; HMX AB It is a common practice to approximate the desorption rate of atoms from crystal surfaces with an expression of the form v(eff) exp(-Delta E/k(B)T), where Delta E is an activation barrier to desorb and v(eff) is an effective vibrational frequency similar to 10(12) S-1. For molecular solids, however, such an approximation can lead to a many orders of magnitude underestimation of vapor pressure and sublimation rates due to neglected contributions from molecular internal degrees of freedom. Here, we develop a simple working formula that yields good estimates for a general molecular (or atomic) solid and illustrate the approach by computing equilibrium vapor pressure of three different molecular solids and an atomic solid, as well as the desorption rate of a foreign (inhibitor) molecule from the surface of a molecular solid. C1 [Maiti, A.; Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A.; Gee, R. H.; Burnham, A. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maiti2@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 14290 EP 14294 DI 10.1021/jp076038g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 243JL UT WOS:000251792500032 PM 18047315 ER PT J AU Avramov, PV Fedorov, DG Sorokin, PB Chernozatonskii, LA Gordon, MS AF Avramov, Pavel V. Fedorov, Dmitri G. Sorokin, Pavel B. Chernozatonskii, Leonid A. Gordon, Mark S. TI Atomic and electronic structure of new hollow-based symmetric families of silicon nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; QUANTUM DOTS; SI; LUMINESCENCE; PREDICTION; MODEL AB We have systematically constructed a set of stable silicon nanocluster families with large arbitrary fullerene-type hollows inside. In addition, conglomerate structures are designed by connecting the nanoclusters through pentagonal and hexagonal junctions. The atomic and electronic structure of the proposed objects is investigated using the semiempirical quantum-mechanical method. It is shown that within each family the band gap and the stability are inversely proportional to the particle effective size. The clusters inherit a wide variety of structural and symmetry properties from their parent silicon fullerenes. The conglomerates confine electrons like quasi-molecules with a peculiar electronic structure related to the junctions. Quantum dots and their conglomerates can host guest atoms in their hollows and therefore present a new promising type of nanomaterials with tunable electronic properties. C1 [Avramov, Pavel V.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Takasaki Branch, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. [Avramov, Pavel V.; Sorokin, Pavel B.] Russian Acad Sci, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Fedorov, Dmitri G.] Nat Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, RICS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Sorokin, Pavel B.; Chernozatonskii, Leonid A.] Russian Acad Sci, NM Emaunel Inst Biochem Phys, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Sorokin, Pavel B.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Avramov, PV (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Takasaki Branch, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. EM avramov.pavel@jaea.go.jp RI Sorokin, Pavel/C-9749-2011 OI Sorokin, Pavel/0000-0001-5248-1799 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 18824 EP 18830 DI 10.1021/jp0777216 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200002 ER PT J AU Sun, BQ Peterson, RL Sirringhaus, H Mori, K AF Sun, Baoquan Peterson, Rebecca L. Sirringhaus, Henning Mori, Kiyotaka TI Low-temperature sintering of in-plane self-assembled ZnO nanorods for solution-processed high-performance thin film transistors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; AMORPHOUS OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; ZINC-OXIDE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS AB ZnO is an attractive active semiconducting material for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications due to its high band gap, high mobility, ease of forming Ohmic contacts, and low toxicity. Here we present a process for solution fabrication of ZnO TFTs based on a simple, double-layer spin-coating process during which a dense layer of in-plane zinc oxide nanorods is deposited first, followed by coating of a chemical precursor solution and low-temperature annealing. First, a lower ZnO nanorod concentration can lead to the self-assembly of nanorods along the in-plane direction to form a relatively dense semiconductor layer. Then the chemical precursor solution sinters the nanorods and improves the contact between them. The n-channel TFTs exhibit high ON/OFF ratio of 10(5)-10(6), mobilities of similar to 1.2 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and low threshold voltages of about -4 V with low hysteresis. We show that the quality of the semiconductor film and the minimum annealing temperature depends sensitively on the thickness and composition of the two layers. C1 [Sun, Baoquan; Peterson, Rebecca L.; Sirringhaus, Henning; Mori, Kiyotaka] Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Sun, Baoquan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sun, BQ (reprint author), Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM baoquan@lanl.gov RI sun, Baoquan/N-7225-2013; OI Sirringhaus, Henning/0000-0001-9827-6061 NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 18831 EP 18835 DI 10.1021/jp077740f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200003 ER PT J AU Sumpter, BG Meunier, V Valeev, EF Lampkins, AJ Li, H Castellano, RK AF Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent Valeev, Edward F. Lampkins, Andrew J. Li, Hengfeng Castellano, Ronald K. TI A new class of supramolecular wires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SIGMA-ACCEPTOR MOLECULES; PI-CONJUGATED SYSTEMS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ORBITAL METHODS; NANOSCALE; COMPRESSIBILITY AB We present an unconventional approach to the development of 1-D supramolecular wires based on the selfassembly of donor-sigma-acceptor molecules. The concept is demonstrated using one class of these systems, 1-aza-adamantanetriones (AATs), that are well-characterized in terms of their solution/solid-state self-assembly and chemical manipulation. Our results show that accompanying spontaneous organization of the molecules into 1-D periodic arrays is delocalization of the frontier molecular orbitals through the saturated tricyclic cores of the monomers that span the entire system. The electronic band structure for the 1-D wire reveals significant dispersion and can be tuned from the insulating regime to the semiconducting regime by suitable chemical functionalization of the core. The theoretical understanding of this new class of supramolecular structures sets the stage for the tailored design of novel functional materials that are an alternative to those comprised of traditional pi-conjugated systems. C1 [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent; Valeev, Edward F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Valeev, Edward F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lampkins, Andrew J.; Li, Hengfeng; Castellano, Ronald K.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sumpter, BG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sumpterbg@ornl.gov; castellano@chem.ufl.edu RI Castellano, Ronald/C-5082-2012; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Valeyev, Eduard/A-5313-2009; OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Valeyev, Eduard/0000-0001-9923-6256; Castellano, Ronald/0000-0003-4322-9932 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 18912 EP 18916 DI 10.1021/jp076329p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200018 ER PT J AU Barrio, L Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Campos-Martin, JM Fierro, JLG AF Barrio, Laura Liu, Ping Rodriguez, Jose A. Campos-Martin, Jose M. Fierro, Jose L. G. TI Effects of hydrogen on the reactivity of O-2 toward gold nanoparticles and surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AU NANOPARTICLES; CO OXIDATION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; PEROXIDE; H-2; OXYGEN; NANOCLUSTERS; ACTIVATION; MOLECULES; GAS AB Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the coadsorption of O-2 and H-2 or H on Au(111) and Au(100) and on free pyramidal clusters (Au-25 and Au-29) observed on titania- and ceria-based catalysts. For the adsorption of isolated O-2, no significant interaction was obtained between the flat metal surfaces and the oxygen molecule. Gold clusters (Au-14, Au-25, and Au-29) showed a higher reactivity, but this reactivity depended strongly on the type of uncoordinated sites exposed, ensemble effects, and the fluxionality of the metal nanoparticles. On the Au-14 and Au-29 clusters, a superoxo species and a peroxo moiety were formed, respectively. In contrast, no interaction between O-2 and Au-25 was seen because of the high coordination number of the exposed metal sites. In general, H-2 dissociates much easier on the gold clusters than O-2, but again Au-25 is less reactive than Au-29 or Au-14. The pyramidal Au-25 and Au-29 clusters illustrate the importance of geometry in the chemistry of gold nanoparticles: A smaller particle size does not necessarily imply a bigger chemical reactivity. With the presence of predissociated hydrogen on a gold system, the adsorption energy of oxygen is much higher in absolute value than for the O-2/Au systems, accompanied by the formation of a hydroperoxo species. The origin of the synergistic effect observed for the coadsorption of hydrogen and O-2 is the formation of O-H bonds that enhance the O <-> Au interactions, reducing (0.15-0.30 angstrom) the O-Au bond lengths. The reaction H(a) + OOH(a) - H2O2(a) was found to be highly exothermic on the Art clusters, An interesting case is when the oxygen orientation allows for simultaneous interaction with two H adatoms: The formation of hydrogen peroxide is readily achieved with an energy release of more than 30 kcal/mol. This reaction is only hindered by the need of a concerted approach of O-2 to the H adatoms. C1 [Barrio, Laura; Campos-Martin, Jose M.; Fierro, Jose L. G.] CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petr Quim, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Liu, Ping; Rodriguez, Jose A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petr Quim, Marie Curie No 2, Madrid 28049, Spain. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Campos-Martin, Jose/A-4055-2008; Barrio, Laura/A-9509-2008; jose, fierro/C-4774-2014; OI Campos-Martin, Jose/0000-0002-7913-9851; Barrio, Laura/0000-0003-3496-4329; jose, fierro/0000-0002-6880-3737; Barrio, Laura/0000-0002-6919-6414 NR 54 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 19001 EP 19008 DI 10.1021/jp073552d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200030 ER PT J AU Rose, F Tatarkhanov, M Fomin, E Salmeron, M AF Rose, Franck Tatarkhanov, Mous Fomin, Evgeni Salmeron, Miquel TI Nature of the dissociation sites of hydrogen molecules on Ru(001) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; H-2 AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to study the dissociative adsorption of H-2 on Ru(001) near saturation coverage, when the number of residual hydrogen vacancies (i.e., unoccupied Ru sites) is small. We found that H-2 dissociation takes place only on Ru sites where the metal atom is not bound to any H atom. Such active sites are formed when at least 3 H-vacancies aggregate by thermal diffusion. Sites formed by single H-vacancies or pairs of adjoining vacancies were found to be unreactive toward H-2. As a similar phenomenon was found previously on Pd(111); the present results indicate that the active sites for H2 dissociation share a common characteristic among catalytically active transition metals. C1 [Rose, Franck; Tatarkhanov, Mous; Fomin, Evgeni; Salmeron, Miquel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tatarkhanov, Mous; Fomin, Evgeni] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 19052 EP 19057 DI 10.1021/jp075787v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200036 ER PT J AU Graetz, J Chaudhuri, S Wegrzyn, J Celebi, Y Johnson, JR Zhou, W Reilly, JJ AF Graetz, Jason Chaudhuri, Santanu Wegrzyn, James Celebi, Yusuf Johnson, John R. Zhou, Weimin Reilly, James J. TI Direct and reversible synthesis of AIH(3)-triethylenediamine from Al and H-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; TI; POLYMORPHS; KINETICS; DENSITY; THERMODYNAMICS; NAALH4 AB Aluminum hydride, AlH3, is the most well-known alane. Though thermodynamically unstable under ambient conditions, it is easily prepared in a metastable state that will undergo controlled thermal decomposition to produce H-2 and Al at around 100 degrees C. AlH3 contains 10.1 wt % hydrogen and has a density of 1.48 g/mL and is therefore of interest for on-board automotive hydrogen storage. Delta H-f and Delta G(f298K) for alpha-AlH3 are -9.9 and 48.5 kJ/mol AlH3, respectively. The latter value yields an equilibrium hydrogen fugacity of similar to 5 x 10(5) atm at 298 K, which is equivalent to a hydrogen pressure of similar to 7 x 10(3) atm. Thus, the direct regeneration of AlH3 from spent Al with gaseous H-2 is deemed impractical. This paper describes an alternate approach to the regeneration of AIH(3) via a low-temperature, low-pressure, reversible reaction using Ti-doped Al powder and triethylenediamine (TEDA). The adduct is formed in a slurry of the Al powder and a solution of TEDA in THF in contact with H-2. The AlH3-TEDA product is insoluble and precipitates from solution. The reaction, forward or reverse, depends on the departure of the actual pressure of H-2 gas above or below the equilibrium pressure, Pressure-composition isotherms in the range of 70-90 degrees C are presented from which thermodynamic data were calculated. A possible reaction mechanism is described. The relevance of this system to hydrogen storage applications is also noted. C1 [Graetz, Jason; Wegrzyn, James; Celebi, Yusuf; Johnson, John R.; Zhou, Weimin; Reilly, James J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chaudhuri, Santanu] Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Appl Sci Lab, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. RP Reilly, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jreillys@bnl.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 51 BP 19148 EP 19152 DI 10.1021/jp076804j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 243XI UT WOS:000251830200048 ER PT J AU Endres, PJ Paunesku, T Vogt, S Meade, TJ Woloschak, GE AF Endres, Paul J. Paunesku, Tatjana Vogt, Stefan Meade, Thomas J. Woloschak, Gayle E. TI DNA-TiO2 nanoconjugates labeled with magnetic resonance contrast agents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CELLULAR UPTAKE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; DRUG-DELIVERY; PEPTIDE; CELLS AB Recent efforts have shown that nanoscale materials, specifically, metal-based nanoparticles, hold particular promise for the development of multifunctional imaging probes. These new materials provide the means to chaperone and concentrate both drugs and contrast agents in specific organs, tissues, and cells. Therefore, we have prepared a Gd(III)-modified DNA-TiO2 semiconducting nanoparticle that is detectable in cells by MR imaging. These labeled particles are retained at specific subcellular locations via DNA hybridization to intracellular targets, hence creating the first nanoparticle system capable of targeting specific DNA sequences while being simultaneously detected via MR imaging. C1 [Endres, Paul J.; Meade, Thomas J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Endres, Paul J.; Meade, Thomas J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Endres, Paul J.; Meade, Thomas J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Endres, Paul J.; Meade, Thomas J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Meade, Thomas J.; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiat Oncol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Expt & Facilit Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Meade, TJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tmeade@northwestern.edu; g-woloschak@northwestern.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NCI NIH HHS [5 U54 CA90810, R01 CA107467]; NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10 RR13880-01]; NIBIB NIH HHS [1 R01 EB005866-01, R01 EB0021000, R01 EB005866] NR 27 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 15760 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0772389 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000016 PM 18047347 ER PT J AU Park, YS Whalley, AC Kamenetska, M Steigerwald, ML Hybertsen, MS Nuckolls, C Venkataraman, L AF Park, Young S. Whalley, Adam C. Kamenetska, Maria Steigerwald, Michael L. Hybertsen, Mark S. Nuckolls, Colin Venkataraman, Latha TI Contact chemistry and single-molecule conductance: A comparison of phosphines, methyl sulfides, and amines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; RESISTANCE; CIRCUITS AB We compare the low bias conductance of a series of alkanes terminated on their ends with dimethyl phosphines, methyl sulfides, and amines and find that junctions formed with dimethyl phosphine terminated alkanes have the highest conductance. We see unambiguous conductance signatures with these link groups, indicating that the binding is well-defined and electronically selective. This allows a detailed analysis of the single-molecule junction elongation properties which correlate well with calculations based on density functional theory. C1 [Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Park, Young S.; Whalley, Adam C.; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Park, Young S.; Whalley, Adam C.; Kamenetska, Maria; Hybertsen, Mark S.; Nuckolls, Colin; Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Microstruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hybertsen, Mark S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venkataraman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754; Venkataraman, Latha/0000-0002-6957-6089 NR 16 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 15768 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0773857 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000020 PM 18052282 ER PT J AU Sounart, TL Liu, J Voigt, JA Huo, M Spoerke, ED McKenzie, B AF Sounart, Thomas L. Liu, Jun Voigt, James A. Huo, Mae Spoerke, Erik D. McKenzie, Bonnie TI Secondary nucleation and growth of ZnO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EVAPORATION PROCESS; ZINC-OXIDE; INORGANIC NANOCRYSTALS; SOLUTION DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; ARRAYS; NANOWIRES; NANORODS AB Recently we discovered that under certain conditions new crystal growth (branch) can be induced on specific crystalline planes of the same material. This is a new phenomenon and is in sharp contrast to typical nucleation and growth in which a crystal will simply grow larger in preferred directions depending on the surface energy of the specific crystalline planes, Based on our observation, we developed a sequential nucleation and growth technique offering the power to assemble complex hierarchical crystals step-by-step. However, the key questions of when and how the secondary nucleation takes place have not been answered. Here we systematically study secondary ZnO crystal growth using organic diamine additives with a range of chain lengths and concentration. We found that ZnO branches form for a narrow diamine concentration range with a critical lower and upper critical nucleation concentration limit, which increases by about a factor of 5 for each additional carbon in the diaminoalkane chain. Our results suggest that the narrow window for secondary growth is dictated by the solubility of the ZnO crystals, where the low critical nucleation concentration is determined by slight etching of the surface to produce new nucleation sites, and the upper critical concentration is determined by the supersaturation concentration. Kinetic measurements show that the induction time and growth rate increase with increasing diamine concentration and follow classical nucleation and growth theory. Observations of branch morphological evolution reveal the mechanisms guiding the tunable crystal size and morphology. C1 [Sounart, Thomas L.; Liu, Jun; Voigt, James A.; Huo, Mae; Spoerke, Erik D.; McKenzie, Bonnie] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sounart, TL (reprint author), Intel Corp, 4500 Dobson Rd, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. EM thomas.l.sounart@intel.com NR 57 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 10 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 15786 EP 15793 DI 10.1021/ja071209g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000027 PM 18044887 ER PT J AU Heinent, U Utschig, LM Poluektov, OG Link, G Ohmes, E Kothe, G AF Heinent, Ulrich Utschig, Lisa M. Poluektov, Oleg G. Link, Gerhard Ohmes, Ernst Kothe, Gerd TI Structure of the charge separated state P(865)(+)Q(A)(-) in the photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by quantum beat oscillations and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance: Evidence for light-induced Q(A)(-) reorientation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; CORRELATED RADICAL PAIRS; SUBSTITUTED REACTION CENTERS; TRANSIENT EPR SPECTROSCOPY; R-26 REACTION CENTERS; PRIMARY DONOR CATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; PULSED EPR; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHEROIDES AB The structure of the secondary radical pair, P-865(+),Q(A)(-), in fully deuterated and Zn-substituted reaction centers (RCs) of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 has been determined by high-time resolution and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A computer analysis of quantum beat oscillations, observed in a two-dimensional Q-band (34 GHz) EPR experiment, provides the orientation of the various magnetic tensors of P(865)(+)Q(A)(-) with respect to a magnetic reference frame. The orientation of the g-tensor of P-865(+), in an external reference system is adapted from a single-crystal W-band (95 GHz) EPR study [KIette, R.; T6rring, J. T.; Plato, M.; Mobius, K.; Bonigk, B.; Lubitz, W. J Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2015-2020]. Thus, we obtain the three-dimensional structure of the charge separated state P-865(+) Q(A)(-) on a nanosecond time scale after light-induced charge separation. Comparison with crystallographic data reveals that the position of the quinone is essentially the same as that in the X-ray structure. However, the head group of Q(A)(-) has undergone a 60 degrees rotation in the ring plane relative to its orientation in the crystal structure. Analysis suggests that the two different Q(A) Conformations are functionally relevant states which control the electron-transfer kinetics from Q(A)(-) to the secondary quinone acceptor Q(B). It appears that the rate-limiting step of this reaction is a reorientation of Q(A)(-) in its binding pocket upon light-induced reduction. The new kinetic model accounts for striking observations by Kleinfeld et al. who reported that electron transfer from Q(A)(-) to Q(B) proceeds in RCs cooled to cryogenic temperature under illumination but does not proceed in RCs cooled in the dark [Kleinfeld, D.; Okamura, M. Y.; Feher, G. Biochemistry 1984, 23, 5780-5786]. C1 Bruker Biospin MRI GmbH, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. [Utschig, Lisa M.; Poluektov, Oleg G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Heinent, U (reprint author), Bruker Biospin MRI GmbH, Rudolf Plank Str 23, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. EM gerd.kothe@physchem.uni-freiburg.de NR 66 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 15935 EP 15946 DI 10.1021/ja075065h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000044 PM 18052250 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Stephan, O Cochon, JL Loiseau, A AF Arenal, Raul Stephan, Odile Cochon, Jean-Lou Loiseau, Annick TI Root-growth mechanism for single-walled boron nitride nanotubes in laser vaporization technique SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; FIELD-EMISSION; NANOCAPSULES; TEMPERATURE; NANOWIRES; STABILITY AB We present a detailed study of the growth mechanism of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes synthesized by laser vaporization, which is the unique route known to the synthesis of this kind of tube in high quantities. We have performed a nanometric chemical and structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy (high-resolution mode (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy) of the synthesis products. Different boron-based compounds and other impurities were identified in the raw synthesis products. The results obtained by the TEM analysis and from the synthesis parameters (temperature, boron, and nitrogen sources) combined with phase diagram analysis to provide identification of the fundamental factors determining the nanotube growth mechanism. Our experiments strongly support a root-growth model that involves the presence of a droplet of boron. This phenomenological model considers the solubility, solidification, and segregation phenomena of the elements present in this boron droplet. In this model, we distinguish three different steps as a function of the temperature: (1) formation of the liquid boron droplet from the decomposition of different boron compounds existing in the hexagonal boron nitride target, (2) reaction of these boron droplets with nitrogen gas present in the vaporization chamber and recombination of those elements to form boron nitride, and (3) incorporation of the nitrogen atoms at the root of the boron particle at active reacting sites that achieves the growth of the tube. C1 [Arenal, Raul; Loiseau, Annick] ONERA CNRS UMR 104, Lab Etude Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Arenal, Raul] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stephan, Odile] Univ Paris 11, UMR CNRS 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Cochon, Jean-Lou] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Mat & Syst Composites, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), ONERA CNRS UMR 104, Lab Etude Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. EM raul.arenal@onera.fr RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 65 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 16183 EP 16189 DI 10.1021/ja076135n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000072 PM 18052251 ER PT J AU Rivard, E Fischer, RC Wolf, R Peng, Y Merrill, WA Schley, ND Zhu, ZL Pu, L Fettinger, JC Teat, SJ Nowik, I Herber, RH Takagi, N Nagase, S Power, PP AF Rivard, Eric Fischer, Roland C. Wolf, Robert Peng, Yang Merrill, W. Alexander Schley, Nathan D. Zhu, Zhongliang Pu, Lihung Fettinger, James C. Teat, Simon J. Nowik, Isreal Herber, Rolfe H. Takagi, Nozomi Nagase, Shigeru Power, Philip P. TI Isomeric forms of heavier main group hydrides: Experimental and theoretical studies of the [Sn(Ar)H](2) (Ar=terphenyl) system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROUP 14 ELEMENT; SOLID-STATE; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; GROUP COMPOUND; TIN-COMPOUNDS; LEAD ANALOGS; DOUBLE-BOND; SN-119 NMR; SN; GERMANIUM AB A series of symmetric divalent Sn(II) hydrides of the general form [(4-X - Ar')Sn(mu-H)](2) (4-X - Ar' = C6H2-4-X-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pr-i(2))(2); X=H, MeO, Bu-t, and SiMe3; 2, 6, 10, and 14), along with the more hindered asymmetric tin hydride (3,5-Pr-i(2) - Ar*)SnSn(H)(2)(3,5-Pr-i(2) - Ar*) (16) (3,5-Pr-i(2) - Ar*=3,5-Pr-i(2) - C6H-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Pr-i(3))(2)), have been isolated and characterized. They were prepared either by direct reduction of the corresponding aryltin(II) chloride precursors, ArSnCl, with LiBH4 or (i)BU(2)AIH (DIBAL), or via a transmetallation reaction between an aryltin(II) amide, ArSnNMe2, and BH3 center dot THF. Compounds 2, 6, 10, and 14 were obtained as orange solids and have centrosymmetric dimeric structures in the solid state with long Sn center dot center dot center dot Sn separations of 3.05 to 3.13 angstrom. The more hindered tin(II) hydride 16 crystallized as a deep-blue solid with an unusual, formally mixed-valent structure wherein a long Sn - Sn bond is present [Sn - Sn=2.9157(10) angstrom] and two hydrogen atoms are bound to one of the tin atoms. The Sn - H hydrogen atoms in 16 could not be located by X-ray crystallography, but complementary Mossbauer studies established the presence of divalent and tetravalent tin centers in 16. Spectroscopic studies (IR, UV - vis, and NMR) show that, in solution, compounds 2, 6, 10, and 14 are predominantly dimeric with Sn - H - Sn bridges. In contrast, the more hindered hydrides 16 and previously reported (Ar*SnH)(2) (17) (Ar*=C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Pr-i(3))(2)) adopt primarily the unsymmetric structure ArSnSn(H)(2)Ar in solution. Detailed theoretical calculations have been performed which include calculated UV - vis and IR spectra of various possible isomers of the reported hydrides and relevant model species. These showed that increased steric hindrance favors the asymmetric form ArSnSn(H)2Ar relative to the centrosymmetric isomer [ArSn(mu-H)](2) as a result of the widening of the interligand angles at tin, which lowers steric repulsion between the terphenyl ligands. C1 [Nowik, Isreal; Herber, Rolfe H.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Rivard, Eric; Fischer, Roland C.; Wolf, Robert; Peng, Yang; Merrill, W. Alexander; Schley, Nathan D.; Zhu, Zhongliang; Fettinger, James C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pu, Lihung] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Chem, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takagi, Nozomi; Nagase, Shigeru] Inst Mol Sci, Dept Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Aichi 4448585, Japan. RP Herber, RH (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM pppower@ucdavis.edu RI Peng, Yang/A-3924-2011; Wolf, Robert/B-4439-2012; OI Wolf, Robert/0000-0003-4066-6483; Schley, Nathan/0000-0002-1539-6031 NR 70 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 51 BP 16197 EP 16208 DI 10.1021/ja076453m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245YF UT WOS:000251974000074 PM 18052174 ER PT J AU Zheng, J Domsic, JF Cabelli, D McKenna, R Silverman, DN AF Zheng, Jiayin Domsic, John F. Cabelli, Diane McKenna, Robert Silverman, David N. TI Structural and kinetic study of differences between human and Escherichia coli manganese superoxide dismutases SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITE; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; PRODUCT INHIBITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; PROTEIN; MUTANT; ENZYME; MODEL AB Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is characterized by a product inhibition stronger than that observed in bacterial forms of MnSOD. Previous studies show that the conserved, active-site residue Tyr34 mediates product inhibition; however, the protein environment of Tyr34 is different in human and Escherichia coli MnSOD. We have prepared two site-specific mutants of human MnSOD with replacements of Phe66 with Ala and Leu (F66A and F66L, respectively), altering the surroundings of Tyr34. Pulse radiolysis was used to generate superoxide, and measurements of catalysis were taken in single-turnover experiments by observing the visible absorbance of species of MnSOD and under catalytic conditions observing, the absorbance of superoxide. The mutation of Phe66 to Leu resulted in a mutant of human MnSOD with weakened product inhibition resembling that of E. coli MnSOD. Moreover, the mechanism of this weakened product inhibition was similar to that in E. coli MnSOD, specifically a decrease in the rate constant for the oxidative addition of superoxide to Mn2+MnSOD leading to the formation of the peroxide-inhibited enzyme. In addition, the crystal structures of both mutants have been determined and compared to those of wild-type human and E. coli MnSOD. The crystallographic data suggest that the solvent structure and its mobility as well as side chain conformations may affect the extent of product inhibition. These data emphasize the role of residue 66 in catalysis and inhibition and pyovide a structural explanation for differences in catalytic properties between human and certain bacterial forms of MnSOD. C1 [Zheng, Jiayin; Silverman, David N.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Domsic, John F.; McKenna, Robert; Silverman, David N.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cabelli, Diane] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McKenna, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM rmckenna@ufl.edu; silvermn@ufl.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 54903] NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 51 BP 14830 EP 14837 DI 10.1021/bi7014103 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 242OG UT WOS:000251734500010 PM 18044968 ER PT J AU Huang, SH Rio, DC Marletta, MA AF Huang, Shirley H. Rio, Donald C. Marletta, Michael A. TI Ligand binding and inhibition of an oxygen-sensitive soluble guanylate cyclase, Gyc-88E, from Drosophila SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; C-ELEGANS; DOMAINS; MELANOGASTER; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; PROTEINS; INSECTS; SENSORS AB Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) uses a ferrous heme cofactor as a receptor for NO and once bound activates the enzyme for the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The heme cofactor in sGC does not bind oxygen, thereby allowing it to selectively bind NO despite a cellular concentration of oxygen (mu M) that is much higher than signaling concentrations of nitric oxide (nM). The molecular details of this ligand discrimination against oxygen have emerged and allowed for predictions regarding ligand specificity in the sGC family. The results reported here show that Gyc-88E from Drosophila is a hemoprotein that binds oxygen, as well as NO and CO. All three ligands form 6-coordinate complexes. Gyc-88E is active as a homodimer (5600 +/- 243 nmol min(-1) mg(-1)) and is inhibited by O-2, CO, and NO (3.2-, 2.9-, and 2-fold, respectively). The K-m for GTP was 0.66 +/- 0.15 mM in air (273 mu M oxygen) and 0.82 +/- 0.15 mM under anaerobic conditions. The K-i for oxygen was calculated to be 51 +/- 28 mu M. The biochemical properties of Gyc-88E are unique for guanylate cyclases and suggest a possible function as an oxygen sensor. C1 [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Shirley H.; Rio, Donald C.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rio, Donald C.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quant Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM48862, GM070671] NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 51 BP 15115 EP 15122 DI 10.1021/bi701771r PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 242OG UT WOS:000251734500038 PM 18044974 ER PT J AU Sakellariou, G Ji, H Mays, JW Hadjichristidis, N Baskaran, D AF Sakellariou, Georgios Ji, Haining Mays, Jimmy W. Hadjichristidis, Nikos Baskaran, Durairaj TI Controlled covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using [4+2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION C1 [Baskaran, Durairaj] Natl Chem Lab, Polymer Sci & Engn Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Hadjichristidis, Nikos] Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Athens, Greece. [Sakellariou, Georgios; Ji, Haining; Mays, Jimmy W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sakellariou, G (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Polymer Sci & Engn Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RI Durairaj, Baskaran/C-3692-2009; Sakellariou, Georgios/B-1752-2014 OI Durairaj, Baskaran/0000-0002-6886-5604; NR 15 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 26 BP 6370 EP 6372 DI 10.1021/cm702470x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 242NY UT WOS:000251733600003 ER PT J AU Brewer, JR Deo, N Wang, YM Cheung, CL AF Brewer, Joseph Reese Deo, Nirmalendu Wang, Y. Morris Cheung, Chin Li TI Lanthanum hexaboride nanoobelisks SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS; LAB6 NANOWIRES; WORK FUNCTION; ARRAYS; GROWTH; NANOTUBES C1 [Brewer, Joseph Reese; Deo, Nirmalendu] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Cheung, Chin Li] Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wang, Y. Morris] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cheung, CL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ccheung2@unl.edu RI Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 26 BP 6379 EP 6381 DI 10.1021/cm702315x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 242NY UT WOS:000251733600006 ER PT J AU Emery, KA AF Emery, K. A. TI Comment on "Roles of donor and acceptor nanodomains in 6% efficient thermally annealed polymer photovoltaics" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 163511 (2007)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, KA (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM keith_emery@nrel.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 26 AR 266101 DI 10.1063/1.2817240 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DJ UT WOS:000251987400068 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Bradby, JE Li, CP Ruffell, S van Buuren, T Felter, TE AF Kucheyev, S. O. Bradby, J. E. Li, C. P. Ruffell, S. van Buuren, T. Felter, T. E. TI Effects of carbon on ion-implantation-induced disorder in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDMENT; DEFECTS AB Wurtzite GaN films bombarded with 40 keV C ions to high doses (5x10(17) and 1x10(18) cm(-2)) are studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Results show that, contrary to other ion species, implanted C forms nitrilelike carbon-nitride bonds (-C equivalent to N) and suppresses ion-beam-induced material decomposition involving the formation and agglomeration of greater than or similar to 5-nm-large N(2) gas bubbles. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kucheyev, S. O.; van Buuren, T.; Felter, T. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bradby, J. E.; Li, C. P.; Ruffell, S.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mech Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Bradby, Jodie/A-8963-2009; Ruffell, Simon/B-3955-2010 OI Bradby, Jodie/0000-0002-9560-8400; NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 26 AR 261905 DI 10.1063/1.2827587 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DJ UT WOS:000251987400013 ER PT J AU Molina, SI Sanchez, AM Beltran, AM Sales, DL Ben, T Chisholm, MF Varela, M Pennycook, SJ Galindo, PL Papworth, AJ Goodhew, PJ Ripalda, JM AF Molina, S. I. Sanchez, A. M. Beltran, A. M. Sales, D. L. Ben, T. Chisholm, M. F. Varela, M. Pennycook, S. J. Galindo, P. L. Papworth, A. J. Goodhew, P. J. Ripalda, J. M. TI Incorporation of sb in InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; ALLOYS; GAASSB AB The formation of a quaternary InGaAsSb alloy is shown to occur in the core of epitaxial GaSb capped InAs/GaAs quantum dots emitting at 1.3 mu m. The existence of the four constituent elements is demonstrated by using spatially resolved low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy and aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The intermixing process giving rise to the formation of this quaternary alloy takes place despite the large miscibility gap between InAs and GaSb binary compounds, and is probably driven by the existence of strain in the quantum dots. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Molina, S. I.; Sanchez, A. M.; Beltran, A. M.; Sales, D. L.; Ben, T.] Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Molina, S. I.; Sanchez, A. M.; Beltran, A. M.; Sales, D. L.; Ben, T.] Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, IM&QI, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Chisholm, M. F.; Varela, M.; Pennycook, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Galindo, P. L.] Univ Cadiz, CASEM, Dept Lenguajes & Syst Informat, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Papworth, A. J.; Goodhew, P. J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. [Ripalda, J. M.] CNM CSIC, Inst Microelect Madrid, Madrid 28760, Spain. RP Molina, SI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergio.molina@uca.es RI Beltran, Ana/D-7109-2011; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Ripalda, Jose/L-4708-2014; GALINDO, PEDRO/L-6183-2014; Ben, Teresa/B-8753-2017; Beltran, Ana/E-5339-2013; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/D-5173-2013; Molina, Sergio/A-8241-2008; Sanchez, Ana/F-3153-2010; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; BEN, TERESA/I-9076-2014; Sales, David/K-9453-2014 OI Beltran, Ana/0000-0003-2599-5908; Ripalda, Jose/0000-0003-3233-8308; GALINDO, PEDRO/0000-0003-0892-8113; Ben, Teresa/0000-0003-4842-1472; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/0000-0003-4211-9045; Molina, Sergio/0000-0002-5221-2852; Sanchez, Ana/0000-0002-8230-6059; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Sales, David/0000-0001-6652-514X NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 26 AR 263105 DI 10.1063/1.2826546 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DJ UT WOS:000251987400046 ER PT J AU Bray, TH Nelson, AGD Jin, GB Haire, RG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Bray, Travis H. Nelson, Anna-Gay D. Jin, Geng Bang Haire, Richard G. Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI In situ hydrothermal reduction of neptunium(VI) as a route to Neptunium(IV) phosphonates SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; URANYL PHENYLPHOSPHONATE; CATALYZED TRANSFORMATION; CHEMISTRY AB A lamellar neptunium(IV) methylphosphonate, Np(CH3PO3)(CH3PO3H)(NO3)(H2O)center dot H2O, has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions via the in situ reduction of Np-VI to Np-IV. The single crystal structure of this compound shows polar layers that are joined to one another via a hydrogen-bonding network involving interlayer water molecules. Magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate that the Np-IV ions are magnetically isolated from one another. C1 [Bray, Travis H.; Nelson, Anna-Gay D.; Jin, Geng Bang; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Auburn Univ, Ctr Actinide Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Haire, Richard G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Transuranium Res Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Ctr Actinide Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM albreth@auburn.edu NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 10959 EP 10961 DI 10.1021/ic702136h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243CY UT WOS:000251773700008 PM 18027934 ER PT J AU Furczon, M Pestovsky, O Bakac, A AF Furczon, Magdalena Pestovsky, Oleg Bakac, Andreja TI Kinetics of dissociation of molecular oxygen from a superoxorhodium(III) complex and reactivity of a macrocyclic rhodium(II) ion SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; INTERMEDIATE; PORPHYRINS; CHEMISTRY; PEROXIDE; RADICALS AB The kinetics of disappearance of the superoxorhodium complex L-2(H2O)RhOO2+ (L-2 = meso-hexamethylcyclam) were determined in the presence of several oxidants (H2O2, (NH3)(5)CoBr2+, and IrCl62-) in both air-free and air-saturated aqueous solutions. Under air-free conditions, the reaction obeyed first-order kinetics. After the correction for the appropriate stoichiometric factors, the value of the rate constant k(h) was the same irrespective of the oxidant, kh = 2.18 (+/- 0.37) x 10(-4) s(-1) at 25.0 degrees C in acidic solutions. The disappearance of L-2(H2O)RhOO2+ was slower in the presence of O-2. All the data suggest a sequence of reactions beginning with homolytic dissociation of O-2 from L-2(H2O)RhOO2+, followed by capture of the newly generated L-2(H2O)Rh2+ by added oxidants in competition with O-2. The equilibrium constant for O-2 binding by L-2(H2O)Rh2+ is 10(9)-fold greater than that for the cobalt analogue. This difference is attributed to the lower reduction potential of the rhodium complex. C1 [Furczon, Magdalena; Pestovsky, Oleg; Bakac, Andreja] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 11461 EP 11466 DI 10.1021/ic701686g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243CY UT WOS:000251773700062 PM 18044882 ER PT J AU Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Zhou, Jiangfeng Koschny, Thomas Soukoulis, Costas M. TI Magnetic and electric excitations in split ring resonators SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL; OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; WAVELENGTHS AB We studied the electric and magnetic resonances of U-shaped SRRs. We showed that higher order excitation modes exist in both of the electric and magnetic resonances. The nodes in the current distribution were found for all the resonance modes. It turns out that the magnetic resonances are the modes with odd-number of half-wavelength of the current wave, i.e. lambda/2, 3 lambda/2 and 5 lambda/2 modes, and the electric resonances are modes with integer number of whole-wavelength of current wave, i.e. lambda, 2 lambda and 3 lambda modes. We discussed the electric moment and magnetic moment of the electric and magnetic resonances, and their dependence to the length of two parallel side arms. We show that the magnetic moment of magnetic resonance vanishes as the length of side arms of the SRR reduces to zero, i.e. a rod does not give any magnetic moment or magnetic resonance. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. [Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Greece. RP Zhou, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jfengz@iastate.edu RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 30 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 26 BP 17881 EP 17890 DI 10.1364/OE.15.017881 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246YX UT WOS:000252045400045 PM 19551083 ER PT J AU McMahon, JM Henzie, J Odom, TW Schatz, GC Gray, SK AF McMahon, Jeffrey M. Henzie, Joel Odom, Teri W. Schatz, George C. Gray, Stephen K. TI Tailoring the sensing capabilities of nanohole arrays in gold films with Rayleigh anomaly-surface plasmon polaritons SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION AB Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and diffraction effects such as Rayleigh anomalies (RAs) play key roles in the transmission of light through periodic subwavelength hole arrays in metal films. Using a combination of theory and experiment we show how refractive index ( RI) sensitive transmission features arise from hole arrays in thin gold films. We show that large transmission amplitude changes occur over a narrow range of RI values due to coupling between RAs and SPPs on opposite sides of the metal film. Furthermore, we show how to predict, on the basis of a relatively simple analysis, the periodicity and other system parameters that should be used to achieve this "RA-SPP" effect for any desired RI range. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McMahon, Jeffrey M.; Henzie, Joel; Odom, Teri W.; Schatz, George C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@tcg.anl.gov RI Henzie, Joel/B-9564-2013; Henzie, Joel/E-2332-2015; OI Henzie, Joel/0000-0002-9190-2645; Henzie, Joel/0000-0002-9190-2645; Odom, Teri/0000-0002-8490-292X NR 16 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 26 BP 18119 EP 18129 DI 10.1364/OE.15.018119 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246YX UT WOS:000252045400072 PM 19551110 ER PT J AU Kutepov, AA Feofilov, AG Medvedev, AS Pauldrach, AWA Hartogh, P AF Kutepov, Alexander A. Feofilov, Artem G. Medvedev, Alexander S. Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A. Hartogh, Paul TI Small-scale temperature fluctuations associated with gravity waves cause additional radiative cooling of mesopause the region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CO2; PARAMETERIZATION; GAS AB We present a study of the radiative cooling of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere in the infrared bands of CO2, O-3 and H2O due to small-scale irregular temperature fluctuations caused by gravity waves. These persistent fluctuations are presently not well represented by general circulation models. A statistical model of gravity wave-induced temperature variations was applied to large-scale temperature profiles, and the corresponding direct radiative calculations were performed. We show that temperature fluctuations can cause an additional cooling up to 3 K day(-1) near the mesopause. The effect is produced mainly by the fundamental 15 mu m band of the main CO2 isotope. We found a simple correction depending on the temperature fluctuations variance, which should be added in radiative calculations to the mean temperature profile to account for the additional cooling associated with the unresolved disturbances. C1 [Kutepov, Alexander A.; Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A.] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Univ Observ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Kutepov, Alexander A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Kutepov, Alexander A.; Feofilov, Artem G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Feofilov, Artem G.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Medvedev, Alexander S.; Hartogh, Paul] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RP Kutepov, AA (reprint author), Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Univ Observ Munich, Munich, Germany. RI Feofilov, Artem/A-2271-2015; OI Feofilov, Artem/0000-0001-9924-4846; Medvedev, Alexander/0000-0003-2713-8977 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24807 DI 10.1029/2007GL032392 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244PK UT WOS:000251877600007 ER PT J AU Shprits, Y Kondrashov, D Chen, Y Thorne, R Ghil, M Friedel, R Reeves, G AF Shprits, Yuri Kondrashov, Dmitri Chen, Yue Thorne, Richard Ghil, Michael Friedel, Reiner Reeves, Geoff TI Reanalysis of relativistic radiation belt electron fluxes using CRRES satellite data, a radial diffusion model, and a Kalman filter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC STORM; DATA ASSIMILATION; ACCELERATION; CHORUS AB In this study we perform a reanalysis of the sparse MEA CRRES relativistic electron data using a relatively simple one-dimensional radial diffusion model and a Kalman filtering approach. By combining observations with the model in an optimal way we produce a high time and space resolution reanalysis of the radiation belt electron fluxes over a 50-d period starting on 18 August 1990. The results of the reanalysis clearly show pronounced peaks in the electron phase space density (PSD), which can not be explained by the variations in the outer boundary, and can only be produced by a local acceleration processes. The location of the innovation vector shows that local acceleration is most efficient at L* = 5.5 for electrons at K = 0.11 G(0.5) R-E and mu = 700 MeV/ G. Sensitivity numerical experiments for various values of m and K indicate that peaks in PSD become stronger with increasing K and mu. To verify that our results are not affected by the limitations of the satellite orbit and coverage, we performed an "identical twin'' experiments with synthetic data specified only at the locations for which CRRES observations are available. Our results indicate that the model with data assimilation can accurately reproduce the underlying structure of the PSD even when data is sparse. The identical twin experiments also indicate that PSD at a particular L-shell is determined by the local processes and cannot be accurately estimated unless local measurements are available. C1 [Shprits, Yuri; Kondrashov, Dmitri; Thorne, Richard; Ghil, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Chen, Yue; Friedel, Reiner; Reeves, Geoff] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shprits, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,Box 951565, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yshprits@atmos.ucla.edu RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Kondrashov, Dmitri/E-2067-2016 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Kondrashov, Dmitri/0000-0002-3471-7275 NR 37 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A12 AR A12216 DI 10.1029/2007JA012579 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244RG UT WOS:000251882400007 ER PT J AU Rachidi, M Lopes, C VayssetteS, C Smith, DJ Rubin, EM Delabar, JM AF Rachidi, Mohammed Lopes, Carmela VayssetteS, Catherine Smith, Desmond J. Rubin, Edward M. Delabar, Jean-Maurice TI New cerebellar phenotypes in YAC transgenic mouse in vivo library of human Down syndrome critical region-1 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; mental retardation; learning and memory; C21orf5/DOPEY2; dopey leucine zipper-like family; cerebellar antero-posterior axis; cerebellar foliation; cell-cycle regulation; G1 cell size ID CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR-1; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SYNDROME BRAIN; GENE; CHROMOSOME-21; PROTEIN; C21ORF5; ABNORMALITIES; MICE; MORPHOGENESIS AB Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation (MR) associated with neurological alterations. To allow a genetic dissection of DS phenotype, we studied eight transgenic mouse lines carrying YACs containing human DNA fragments covering DS critical region (DCR-1), as an in vivo library. Herein, we found an increased brain size in the 152F7-mice containing DYRKIA gene. We also identified a new cerebellar alteration in two independent lines carrying 230E8-YAC. These mice showed significant elongation of the cerebellar antero-posterior axis (p < 0.001), determined by increased length of rostral folia of the vermis (lobule II-V,p < 0.0001; lobule VI,p < 0.001). In addition, we identified a major neurological defect in culmen and declivus lobules in the 230E8-mice. We analyzed P30, P12, and P9 stages and detected high significant increased lengths of anterior lobules (II-VI) of 230E8-mice at P30 and P12 (lobule II-V, p < 0.0001; lobule VI, p < 0.05), but not at P9, indicating that this new phenotype appears between P9 and P12. Interestingly, 230E8-mice also present increased cortical cell density and mild learning defects. 230E8-YAC contains seven genes, some of which could be potentially responsible for this phenotype. Between them, we proposed DOPEY2 as potential candidate gene for these cerebellar alterations considering its high expression in the brain and that its homologous genes in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila are involved in morphogenesis, suggesting a conserved role of DOPEY2 as a patterning gene. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Diderot, Lab Genet Dysregulat Models Trismy 21 & Hyper, F-75251 Paris, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rachidi, M (reprint author), Univ Diderot, Lab Genet Dysregulat Models Trismy 21 & Hyper, Tour 54,E2-54-53,Cas 7104,2Pl Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, France. EM mrachidi2@yahoo.fr NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 364 IS 3 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.035 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 232PB UT WOS:000251030500012 PM 17963726 ER PT J AU Levine, JS Matter, JM Goldberg, D Cook, A Lackner, KS AF Levine, J. S. Matter, J. M. Goldberg, D. Cook, A. Lackner, K. S. TI Gravitational trapping of carbon dioxide in deep sea sediments: Permeability, buoyancy, and geomechanical analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; POROSITY; STORAGE AB Liquid carbon dioxide injected in deep-sea sediments at km depths and near freezing temperatures is denser than surrounding pore water and will be trapped by gravitational forces. Storage capacity for CO(2) in such formations below the ocean floor is shown to vary with seafloor depth, geothermal gradient, porosity, and pore water salinity. The formation permeability, or the successful engineering of such permeability through hydraulic fracturing, will determine the capacity for gravitational trapping in deep-sea geological formations. We conclude that most ocean sediments at appropriate depth will lack the required permeability and that conventional hydraulic fracturing would only be possible in carefully selected sites. C1 [Levine, J. S.; Lackner, K. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Matter, J. M.; Goldberg, D.; Cook, A.] Columbia Univ, Inst Earth, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lackner, K. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levine, JS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, 500 W 120th St,918, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jsl183@columbia.edu RI Cook, Ann/D-8798-2013 OI Cook, Ann/0000-0002-5658-0329 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24703 DI 10.1029/2007GL031560 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244PI UT WOS:000251877400003 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Oldenburg, CM Dobeck, L Spangler, L AF Lewicki, J. L. Oldenburg, C. M. Dobeck, L. Spangler, L. TI Surface CO(2) leakage during two shallow subsurface CO(2) releases SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A new field facility was used to study CO(2) migration processes and test techniques to detect and quantify potential CO2 leakage from geologic storage sites. For 10 days starting 9 July 2007, and for seven days starting 3 August 2007, 0.1 and 0.3 t CO(2) d(-1), respectively, were released from a similar to 100-m long, sub-water table (similar to 2.5-m depth) horizontal well. The spatio-temporal evolution of leakage was mapped through repeated grid measurements of soil CO(2) flux (F(CO2)). The surface leakage onset, approach to steady state, and post-release decline matched model predictions closely. Modeling suggested that minimal CO(2) was taken up by groundwater through dissolution, and CO(2) spread out on top of the water table. F(CO2) spatial patterns were related to well design and soil physical properties. Estimates of total CO(2) discharge along with soil respiration and leakage discharge highlight the influence of background CO(2) flux variations on detection of CO(2) leakage signals. C1 [Lewicki, J. L.; Oldenburg, C. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Dobeck, L.; Spangler, L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 10 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24402 DI 10.1029/2007GL032047 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244PI UT WOS:000251877400006 ER PT J AU Jeffery, CA AF Jeffery, Christopher A. TI Inhomogeneous cloud evaporation, invariance, and Damkohler number SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE-MODEL; EVOLUTION AB An idealized eddy-diffusivity model of entrainment mixing and evaporation is presented consisting of a continuous Eulerian relative humidity field and discrete Lagrangian droplets. Lagrangian droplet trajectories are calculated using a Brownian motion with commensurate diffusivity and a Lagrangian velocity decorrelation that is consistent with turbulent mixing. Using this new model, we revisit Jensen and Baker ( 1989)'s ( JB) classic study of inhomogeneous mixing. Analysis of the governing dynamical and microphysical equations for the simplified geometry used by JB indicates that droplet spectral dispersion is a function of only three parameters: the ratio of the mixing and droplet evaporation timescales ( the Damkohler number, D-a), the fraction of entrained air and the critical entrainment fraction that produces a cloudless but saturated well-mixed final state. These dependencies are encapsulated in four invariance theorems for isobaric mixing and evaporation that we derive and that establish a set of self-similar solutions for general entrainment scenarios that include sedimentation. A comparison of the predictions of our new model with JB's results verifies the acknowledged "homogeneous evaporation bias'' in their model formulation and the exclusion of the large D-a limit in JB's study. A full investigation of the JB entrainment scenario using our new model reveals a transition from homogeneous to inhomogeneous mixing in the droplet spectral dispersion at D-a approximate to 5 and extreme inhomogeneous mixing behavior in the limit D-a -> infinity. The PDFs of the time-integrated Lagrangian subsaturation, S-int, in the inhomogeneous regime are observed to asymptote to a S-int-(1) law; implications of this finding for subgrid cloud modeling are discussed. C1 [Jeffery, Christopher A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jeffery, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjeffery@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S21 DI 10.1029/2007JD008789 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244PV UT WOS:000251878700003 ER PT J AU Moiseev, AA Deering, PL Hartman, RC Johnson, TE Nebel, TR Ormes, JF Thompson, DJ AF Moiseev, A. A. Deering, P. L. Hartman, R. C. Johnson, T. E. Nebel, T. R. Ormes, J. F. Thompson, D. J. TI High efficiency plastic scintillator detector with wavelength-shifting fiber readout for the GLAST Large Area Telescope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE GLAST; ACD; anti-coincidence; plastic scintillator; WLS fibers ID ENGINEERING MODEL; BEAM TEST; CALORIMETER; UPGRADE AB This paper describes the design and performance studies of the scintillator tile detectors for the anti-coincidence detector (ACD) of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), scheduled for launch in early 2008. The scintillator tile detectors utilize wavelength-shifting fibers and have dual-photomultiplier-tube readout. The design requires highly efficient and uniform detection of singly charged relativistic particles over the tile area and must meet all requirements for a launch, as well as operation in a space environment. We present here the design of three basic types of tiles used in the ACD, ranging in size from similar to 450 to similar to 2500 cm(2), all similar to 1cm thick, with different shapes, and with photoelectron yield of similar to 20 photoelectrons per minimum ionizing particle at normal tile incidence, uniform over the tile area. Some tiles require flexible clear fiber cables up to 1.5m long to deliver scintillator light to remotely located photomultiplier tubes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Deering, P. L.; Nebel, T. R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Hartman, R. C.; Johnson, T. E.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Moiseev, AA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alexander.A.Moiseev@nasa.gov RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 2-3 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.040 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 244JC UT WOS:000251861200019 ER PT J AU Padovani, E Clarke, SD Pozzi, SA AF Padovani, Enrico Clarke, Shaun D. Pozzi, Sara A. TI Feasibility of prompt correlated counting from photon interrogation of concealed nuclear materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE MCNPX; MCNP-PoliMi; photofission; correlated counts; accidentals ID F-19(P,ALPHA-GAMMA)O-16 REACTION; YIELDS AB We describe new Monte Carlo codes for the simulation of coincident counts, both real and accidental, originating from photonuclear and photoatomic events in nuclear, and non-nuclear, materials. The codes perform fully analog simulation of all secondary neutrons, and photons, emitted by photonuclear, and photoatomic, events. Separate algorithms are then used to simulate the accidental coincidences. These new codes have been applied to a realistic measurement scenario. Two possible techniques for minimizing the detection of accidental coincidences are then analyzed: pulse-shape discrimination and detector lead shielding. The results showed that the use of lead-shielded liquid scintillation detectors with pulse-shape discrimination is a promising technique for the detection of actinides in shielded configurations by minimizing accidental counts. The data acquisition time for this approach would be on the order of 1 min or less for the measurement scenario considered here. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clarke, Shaun D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Padovani, Enrico] Politecn Milan, Dept Nucl Engn, Milan, Italy. [Pozzi, Sara A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Clarke, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM clarkesd@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 2-3 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.027 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 244JC UT WOS:000251861200023 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M Bisello, D Contarato, D Denes, P Glubilato, P Glesener, L Vu, C AF Battaglia, Marco Bisello, Dario Contarato, Devis Denes, Peter Glubilato, Piero Glesener, Lindsay Vu, Chinh TI A monolithic pixel sensor in 0.15 mu m fully depleted SOI technology SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE monolithic pixel sensor; SOI; CMOS technology; particle detection AB This letter presents the design of a monolithic pixel sensor with 10 x 10 mu m(2) pixels in OKI 0.15 mu m fully depleted SOI technology and first results of its characterisation. The response of the chip to charged particles has been studied on the 1.35 GeV e(-) beam at the LBNL ALS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Battaglia, Marco; Glesener, Lindsay] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, Marco; Contarato, Devis; Denes, Peter; Glubilato, Piero; Vu, Chinh] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bisello, Dario; Glubilato, Piero] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBattaglia@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 583 IS 2-3 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.042 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 244JC UT WOS:000251861200036 ER PT J AU Angst, M Hermann, RP Schweika, W Kim, JW Khalifah, P Xiang, HJ Whangbo, MH Kim, DH Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Angst, M. Hermann, R. P. Schweika, W. Kim, J. -W. Khalifah, P. Xiang, H. J. Whangbo, M. -H. Kim, D. -H. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. TI Incommensurate charge order phase in Fe2OBO3 due to geometrical frustration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANGANITES; MOSSBAUER AB The temperature dependence of charge order in Fe2OBO3 was investigated by resistivity and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and synchrotron x-ray scattering, revealing an intermediate phase between room temperature and 340 K, characterized by coexisting mobile and immobile carriers, and by incommensurate superstructure modulations with temperature-dependent propagation vector (1/2, 0, tau) . The incommensurate modulations arise from specific antiphase boundaries with low energy cost due to geometrical charge frustration. C1 [Angst, M.; Kim, D. -H.; Sales, B. C.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hermann, R. P.; Schweika, W.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hermann, R. P.] Univ Liege, Inst Phys, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Kim, J. -W.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Khalifah, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Khalifah, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Xiang, H. J.; Whangbo, M. -H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Angst, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM angst@ornl.gov RI Hermann, Raphael/F-6257-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016; Xiang, Hongjun/A-4076-2008; Kim, Dae Ho/B-4670-2012; Angst, Manuel/I-4380-2012 OI Hermann, Raphael/0000-0002-6138-5624; Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214; Angst, Manuel/0000-0001-8892-7019 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 256402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.256402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100038 PM 18233535 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lopez Pegna, D Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA del Amo Sanchez, P Barrett, M Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H McLachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Biesiada, J Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Baracchini, E Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Renga, F Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Castelli, G Franek, B Olaiya, EO Ricciardi, S Roethel, W Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Escalier, M Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Wagner, AP Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Lopez, L. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Lopes Pegna, D. Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Wenzel, W. A. del Amo Sanchez, P. Barrett, M. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. 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Kim, H. McLachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Prendki, J. 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Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Measurement of CP violation parameters with a Dalitz plot analysis of B(+/-) -> D(pi+)pi(-)pi(0)K(+/-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report the results of a CP violation analysis of the decay B(+/-) -> D(pi+)pi(-)pi(0)K(+/-), where D(pi)(+)pi(-)pi(0) indicates a neutral D meson detected in the final state pi(+)pi(-)pi(0), excluding K(S)(0)pi(0). The analysis makes use of 324x10(6) e(+)e -> B (B) over bar events recorded by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring. Analyzing the pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution and the B(+/-) -> D(pi)(+)pi(-)pi(0)K(+/-) branching fraction and decay rate asymmetry, we find the following one-standard-deviation constraints on the amplitude ratio and on the weak and strong phases: 0.06 < r(B)< 0.78, -30 degrees pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decay amplitude. C1 Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. 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Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico 2, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energy, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Berger, N.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dujmic, D.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Halyo, V.; Hast, C.; Hryn'ova, T.; Innes, W. R.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, P.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ozcan, V. E.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Stelzer, J.; Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.; Ahmed, S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bugg, W.; Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Schilling, C. J.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Back, J. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Mellado, B.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Ronan, MT (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; van Bakel, Niels/B-6233-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; OI Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; van Bakel, Niels/0000-0002-4053-7588; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Improved limits on the lepton-flavor violating decays tau(-) -> l(-)l(+)l(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH AB A search for the neutrinoless, lepton-flavor violating decay of the tau lepton into three charged leptons has been performed using 376 fb(-1) of data collected at an e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energy around 10.58 GeV with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II storage rings. In all six decay modes considered, the numbers of events found in data are compatible with the background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions are set in the range (4-8)x10(-8) at 90% confidence level. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. 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A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Biesiada, J.; Elmer, P.; Lau, Y. P.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Morganti, S.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Morganti, S.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ebert, M.; Hartmann, T.; Schroeder, H.; Waldi, R.] Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Adye, T.; Castelli, G.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Roethel, W.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; De Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. S.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Richardson, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V82 3P6, Canada. [Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016 OI Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 251803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.251803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100018 ER PT J AU Baturina, TI Mironov, AY Vinokur, VM Baklanov, MR Strunk, C AF Baturina, T. I. Mironov, A. Yu. Vinokur, V. M. Baklanov, M. R. Strunk, C. TI Localized superconductivity in the quantum-critical region of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition in TiN thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ULTRATHIN FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ONSET; LIMIT AB We investigate low-temperature transport properties of thin TiN superconducting films in the vicinity of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition. In a zero magnetic field, we find an extremely sharp separation between superconducting and insulating phases, evidencing a direct superconductor-insulator transition without an intermediate metallic phase. At moderate temperatures, in the insulating films we reveal thermally activated conductivity with the magnetic field-dependent activation energy. At very low temperatures, we observe a zero-conductivity state, which is destroyed at some depinning threshold voltage V(T). These findings indicate the formation of a distinct collective state of the localized Cooper pairs in the critical region at both sides of the transition. C1 [Baturina, T. I.; Mironov, A. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Baturina, T. I.; Mironov, A. Yu.; Strunk, C.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Angewandte Phys, D-93025 Regensburg, Germany. [Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baklanov, M. R.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Baturina, TI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM tatbat@isp.nsc.ru NR 31 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 257003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.257003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100053 PM 18233550 ER PT J AU Huang, C Lu, W Zhou, M Clayton, CE Joshi, C Mori, WB Muggli, P Deng, S Oz, E Katsouleas, T Hogan, MJ Blumenfeld, I Decker, FJ Ischebeck, R Iverson, RH Kirby, NA Walz, D AF Huang, C. Lu, W. Zhou, M. Clayton, C. E. Joshi, C. Mori, W. B. Muggli, P. Deng, S. Oz, E. Katsouleas, T. Hogan, M. J. Blumenfeld, I. Decker, F. J. Ischebeck, R. Iverson, R. H. Kirby, N. A. Walz, D. TI Hosing instability in the blow-out regime for plasma-wakefield acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAM; HOSE INSTABILITY; CHANNEL AB The electron hosing instability in the blow-out regime of plasma-wakefield acceleration is investigated using a linear perturbation theory about the electron blow-out trajectory in Lu et al. [in Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 165002 (2006)]. The growth of the instability is found to be affected by the beam parameters unlike in the standard theory Whittum et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 991 (1991)] which is strictly valid for preformed channels. Particle-in-cell simulations agree with this new theory, which predicts less hosing growth than found by the hosing theory of Whittum et al. C1 [Huang, C.; Lu, W.; Zhou, M.; Clayton, C. E.; Joshi, C.; Mori, W. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Muggli, P.; Deng, S.; Oz, E.; Katsouleas, T.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hogan, M. J.; Blumenfeld, I.; Decker, F. J.; Ischebeck, R.; Iverson, R. H.; Kirby, N. A.; Walz, D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 255001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.255001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100029 PM 18233526 ER PT J AU Klimczuk, T Ronning, F Sidorov, V Cava, RJ Thompson, JD AF Klimczuk, T. Ronning, F. Sidorov, V. Cava, R. J. Thompson, J. D. TI Physical properties of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor Mg(10)Ir(19)B(16) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; SPIN AB Specific heat, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements on a high quality sample of Mg(10)Ir(19)B(16) provide a self-consistent determination of its superconducting properties. They indicate that Mg(10)Ir(19)B(16) is a type-II superconductor [T(C)=4.45 K, kappa(0)approximate to 20], with an electron-phonon coupling constant lambda(ep)=0.66. An analysis of the T-dependent specific heat shows that superconducting properties are dominated by an s-wave gap (Delta=0.7 meV). Point contact tunneling data provide evidence for multiple superconducting gaps, as expected from strong asymmetric spin-orbit coupling. C1 [Klimczuk, T.; Ronning, F.; Sidorov, V.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Sidorov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. [Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Klimczuk, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 257004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.257004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100054 PM 18233551 ER PT J AU Mueller, P Sulai, IA Villari, ACC Alcantara-Nunez, JA Alves-Conde, R Bailey, K Drake, GWF Dubois, M Eleon, C Gaubert, G Holt, RJ Janssens, RVF Lecesne, N Lu, ZT O'Connor, TP Saint-Laurent, MG Thomas, JC Wang, LB AF Mueller, P. Sulai, I. A. Villari, A. C. C. Alcantara-Nunez, J. A. Alves-Conde, R. Bailey, K. Drake, G. W. F. Dubois, M. Eleon, C. Gaubert, G. Holt, R. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Lecesne, N. Lu, Z. -T. O'Connor, T. P. Saint-Laurent, M. -G. Thomas, J. -C. Wang, L. -B. TI Nuclear charge radius of (8)He SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-ISOTOPES; SCATTERING AB The root-mean-square (rms) nuclear charge radius of (8)He, the most neutron-rich of all particle-stable nuclei, has been determined for the first time to be 1.93(3) fm. In addition, the rms charge radius of (6)He was measured to be 2.068(11) fm, in excellent agreement with a previous result. The significant reduction in charge radius from (6)He to (8)He is an indication of the change in the correlations of the excess neutrons and is consistent with the (8)He neutron halo structure. The experiment was based on laser spectroscopy of individual helium atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap. Charge radii were extracted from the measured isotope shifts with the help of precision atomic theory calculations. C1 [Mueller, P.; Sulai, I. A.; Bailey, K.; Holt, R. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lu, Z. -T.; O'Connor, T. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sulai, I. A.; Lu, Z. -T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sulai, I. A.; Lu, Z. -T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Villari, A. C. C.; Alcantara-Nunez, J. A.; Alves-Conde, R.; Dubois, M.; Eleon, C.; Gaubert, G.; Lecesne, N.; Saint-Laurent, M. -G.; Thomas, J. -C.] CEA, CNRS, DSM, IN2P3,GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. [Drake, G. W. F.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Wang, L. -B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mueller, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pmueller@anl.gov RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Alcantara Nunez, Juan/J-1232-2014; OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Sulai, Ibrahim/0000-0003-4631-7006 NR 27 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 252501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.252501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100019 PM 18233516 ER PT J AU Daly, M Brugler, MR Cartwright, P Collins, AG Dawson, MN Fautin, DG France, SC Mcfadden, CS Opresko, DM Rodriguez, E Romano, SL Stake, JL AF Daly, Marymegan Brugler, Mercer R. Cartwright, Paulyn Collins, Allen G. Dawson, Michael N. Fautin, Daphne G. France, Scott C. Mcfadden, Catherine S. Opresko, Dennis M. Rodriguez, Estefania Romano, Sandra L. Stake, Joel L. TI The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE systematics; black coral; coral; hydroid; jellyfish; octocoral; sea anemone ID EUROPEAN ATHECATE HYDROIDS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASS-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; 18S RDNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SEA-ANEMONE; SP-NOV; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MEDUSAE HYDROZOA AB Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done, and the diversity of the group is not well represented. We contrast the Linnaean perspective on cnidarian diversity with the modern, phylogenetic perspective. For each order, we detail diversity at the family level, providing phylogenetic context where possible. C1 [Daly, Marymegan; Rodriguez, Estefania] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brugler, Mercer R.; France, Scott C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA USA. [Cartwright, Paulyn; Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Dawson, Michael N.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Mcfadden, Catherine S.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Opresko, Dennis M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Romano, Sandra L.; Stake, Joel L.] Univ Virgin Isl, Div Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Daly, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organ Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM daly.66@osu.edu; mrbrugler@yahoo.com; pcart@ku.edu; collinsa@si.edu; mdawson@ucmerced.edu; fautin@ku.edu; france@louisiana.edu; catherine_mcfadden@HMC.edu; fani@us.es; sromano@uvi.edu; jstake@yahoo.com RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Daly, Marymegan/F-9178-2011; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Dawson, Michael/0000-0001-7927-8395 NR 257 TC 140 Z9 166 U1 9 U2 35 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 21 PY 2007 IS 1668 BP 127 EP 182 PG 56 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 243IY UT WOS:000251791200010 ER PT J AU Strovink, M AF Strovink, Mark TI Diversity of decline rate-corrected type Ia supernova rise times: One mode or two? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; distance scale; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; MAXIMUM LIGHT; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; ESC OBSERVATIONS; LEGACY SURVEY; SN 2005CF; CONSTRAINTS; EXTINCTION AB B-band light-curve rise times for eight unusually well-observed nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are fitted by a newly developed template-building algorithm, using light-curve functions that are smooth, flexible, and free of potential bias from externally derived templates and other prior assumptions. From the available literature, photometric BVRI data collected over many months, including the earliest points, are reconciled, combined, and fitted to a unique time of explosion for each SN. On average, after they are corrected for light-curve decline rate, three SNe rise in 18.81 +/- 0.36 days, while five SNe rise in 16.64 +/- 0.21 days. If all eight SNe are sampled from a single parent population (a hypothesis not favored by statistical tests), the rms intrinsic scatter of the decline rate-corrected SN rise time is 0.96(-0.25)(+0.52) days, a first measurement of this dispersion. The corresponding global mean rise time is 17.44 +/- 0.39 days, where the uncertainty is dominated by intrinsic variance. This value is approximate to 2 days shorter than two published averages that nominally are twice as precise, although also based on small samples. When comparing high-z to low-z SN luminosities for determining cosmological parameters, bias can be introduced by use of a light-curve template with an unrealistic rise time. If the period over which light curves are sampled depends on z in a manner typical of current search and measurement strategies, a 2 day discrepancy in template rise time can bias the luminosity comparison by approximate to 0.03 mag. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strovink, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM strovink@lbl.gov NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1084 EP 1097 DI 10.1086/523089 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600003 ER PT J AU Lukic, Z Heitmann, K Habib, S Bashinsky, S Ricker, PM AF Lukic, Zarija Heitmann, Katrin Habib, Salman Bashinsky, Sergei Ricker, Paul M. TI The halo mass function: High-redshift evolution and universality SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : n-body simulations ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; BODY GRAVITY SOLVER; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; GALAXY FORMATION; ELLIPSOIDAL COLLAPSE; REIONIZATION; MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; 1ST-GENERATION AB We study the formation of dark matter halos in the concordance Lambda CDM model over a wide range of redshifts, from z = 20 to the present. Our primary focus is the halo mass function, a key probe of cosmology. By performing a large suite of nested-box N-body simulations with careful convergence and error controls (60 simulations with box sizes from 4 to 256 h(-1) Mpc), we determine the mass function and its evolution with excellent statistical and systematic errors, reaching a few percent over most of the considered redshift and mass range. Across the studied redshifts, the halo mass is probed over 6 orders of magnitude (10(7)-10(13.5) h(-1) M(circle dot)). Historically, there has been considerable variation in the high-redshift mass function as obtained by different groups. We have made a concerted effort to identify and correct possible systematic errors in computing the mass function at high redshift and to explain the discrepancies between some of the previous results. We discuss convergence criteria for the required force resolution, simulation box size, halo mass range, initial and final redshifts, and time stepping. Because of conservative cuts on the mass range probed by individual boxes, our results are relatively insensitive to simulation volume, the remaining sensitivity being consistent with extended Press-Schechter theory. Previously obtained mass function fits near z = 0, when scaled by linear theory, are in good agreement with our results at all redshifts, although a mild redshift dependence consistent with that found by Reed et al. may exist at low redshifts. Overall, our results are consistent with a "universal'' form for the mass function at high redshifts. C1 [Lukic, Zarija; Ricker, Paul M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Heitmann, Katrin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Habib, Salman; Bashinsky, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ricker, Paul M.] Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lukic, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Ricker, Paul/0000-0002-5294-0630 NR 70 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1160 EP 1181 DI 10.1086/523083 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600009 ER PT J AU Irwin, J Shmakova, M Anderson, J AF Irwin, John Shmakova, Marina Anderson, Jay TI Lensing signals in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field using all second-order shape deformations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing AB The long exposure times of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) together with empirically derived position-dependent point-spread functions have enabled us to measure two distinct nonlinear shape distortions of galaxies. We have previously argued that nonlinear lensing from small (10(9)-10(10) M-circle dot) dense objects in the foreground might be observable as localized concentrations of curved background galaxy shapes. Such clumping was evident in our analysis of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N). We have repeated this analysis in the UDF with an enhanced statistical procedure, with more sources per square arcminute, and with better resolved background sources. We have found an even stronger clumping signal with maximum clumping at the same angular scale (12.5 '' radius) as found in the HDF-N. Furthermore, we have found an important correlation between the three coefficients we have measured that must be founded on features of the background galaxy shapes themselves. Galaxies maximally departing from this correlation, which we call d-break galaxies, should also indicate lensing, even linear lensing. Indeed, we find that d-break galaxies are also concentrated, but on smaller angular scales (about 6 '' radius) than the curved galaxies. C1 [Shmakova, Marina] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Anderson, Jay] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77705 USA. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PO Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM irwin@slac.stanford.edu; shmakova@slac.stanford.edu; jay@eeyore.rice.edu NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1182 EP 1195 DI 10.1086/522819 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600010 ER PT J AU Escala, A AF Escala, Andres TI Toward a comprehensive fueling-controlled theory of the growth of massive black holes and host spheroids SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies : formation; quasars : general ID BH-SIGMA RELATION; GRAVITATING ACCRETION DISCS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION; MERGING GALAXIES; BULGE MASS; GAS; COLLAPSE; FRAGMENTATION; STARBURSTS AB We study the relation between nuclear massive black holes and their host spheroid gravitational potential. Using AMR numerical simulations, we analyze how gas is transported into the nuclear (central kpc) regions of galaxies. We study gas fueling onto the inner accretion disk (subparsec scale) and star formation in a massive nuclear disk like those generally found in protospheroids (ULIRGs and SCUBA galaxies). These subparsec resolution simulations of gas fueling, which is mainly depleted by star formation, naturally satisfy the M-BH-M-virial relation, with a scatter considerably less than that observed. We find that a generalized version of the Kennicutt-Schmidt law for starbursts is satisfied, in which the total gas depletion rate (M-gas = M-BH + M-SF) scales as M-gas/t(orbital). We also find that the M-BH-sigma relation is a by-product of the M-BH-M-virial relation. C1 [Escala, Andres] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Escala, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Escala, Andres /J-6618-2016 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1264 EP 1271 DI 10.1086/523092 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600017 ER PT J AU Kubo, JM Stebbins, A Annis, J Dell'Antonio, IP Lin, H Khiabanian, H Frieman, JA AF Kubo, Jeffrey M. Stebbins, Albert Annis, James Dell'Antonio, Ian P. Lin, Huan Khiabanian, Hossein Frieman, Joshua A. TI The mass of the coma cluster from weak lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Coma); gravitational lensing ID EARLY DATA RELEASE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; CALIBRATION; PROFILES; MONITOR; ERRORS; HALOS; GAS AB We present a weak-lensing analysis of the Coma Cluster using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. Complete imaging of an similar to 200 deg(2) region is used to measure the tangential shear of this cluster. The shear is fit to a Navarro, Frenk,& White model, and we find a virial radius of r(200) = 1.99 +0.21 -0.22 h(-1) Mpc, which corresponds to a virial mass of M(200) = 1.88 +0.65 -0.56 x 10(5) h(-1) M(circle dot). We additionally compare our weak-lensing measurement to the virial mass derived using dynamical techniques and find that they are in agreement. This is the lowest redshift, largest angle weak-lensing measurement of an individual cluster to date. C1 [Kubo, Jeffrey M.; Stebbins, Albert; Annis, James; Lin, Huan; Frieman, Joshua A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Dell'Antonio, Ian P.; Khiabanian, Hossein] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kubo, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Khiabanian, Hossein/0000-0003-1446-4394 NR 40 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1466 EP 1470 DI 10.1086/523101 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600031 ER PT J AU Barton, EJ Arnold, JA Zentner, AR Bullock, JS Wechsler, RH AF Barton, Elizabeth J. Arnold, Jacob A. Zentner, Andrew R. Bullock, James S. Wechsler, Risa H. TI Isolating triggered star formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : statistics; Galaxy : evolution; large-scale structure of universe ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CLOSE PAIRS; FORMATION HISTORY; FORMATION RATES; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; INTERACTING GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; MERGING GALAXIES; MAJOR MERGERS AB Galaxy pairs provide a potentially powerful means of studying triggered star formation from galaxy interactions. We use a large cosmological N-body simulation coupled with a well-tested semianalytic substructure model to demonstrate that the majority of galaxies in close pairs reside within cluster-or group-sized halos and therefore represent a biased population, poorly suited for direct comparison to "field'' galaxies. Thus, the frequent observation that some types of galaxies in pairs have redder colors than field galaxies is primarily a selection effect. We use our simulations to devise a means to select galaxy pairs that are isolated in their dark matter halos with respect to other massive subhalos (N = 2 halos) and to select a control sample of isolated galaxies (N 1 halos) for comparison. We then apply these selection criteria to a volume-limited subset of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey with M-B,M-j <= - 19 and obtain the first clean measurement of the typical fraction of galaxies affected by triggered star formation and the average elevation in the star formation rate. We find that 24% (30.5%) of these L* and sub-L* galaxies in isolated 50 (30) h(-1) kpc pairs exhibit star formation that is boosted by a factor of greater than or similar to 5 above their average past value, while only 10% of isolated galaxies in the control sample show this level of enhancement. Because only 12% (16%) of model galaxies in these pairs have had recent close passes, the data are broadly consistent with a scenario in which most or all close passes of isolated pairs result in triggered star formation. The isolation criteria we develop provide a means to constrain star formation and feedback prescriptions in hydrodynamic simulations and a very general method of understanding the importance of triggered star formation in a cosmological context. C1 [Barton, Elizabeth J.; Arnold, Jacob A.; Bullock, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zentner, Andrew R.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zentner, Andrew R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle & Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Barton, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM ebarton@uci.edu; zentner@pitt.edu RI Bullock, James/K-1928-2015 OI Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082 NR 79 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1538 EP 1549 DI 10.1086/522620 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600037 ER PT J AU Brodwin, M Gonzalez, AH Moustakas, LA Eisenhardt, PR Stanford, SA Stern, D Brown, MJI AF Brodwin, M. Gonzalez, A. H. Moustakas, L. A. Eisenhardt, P. R. Stanford, S. A. Stern, D. Brown, M. J. I. TI Galaxy cluster correlation function to z similar to 1.5 in the IRAC shallow cluster survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; EXTREMELY RED OBJECTS; LAMBDA-CDM COSMOLOGY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; X-RAY; POWER SPECTRUM; DARK ENERGY; EVOLUTION; QUASARS; DISTANT AB We present the galaxy cluster autocorrelation function of 277 galaxy cluster candidates with in 0.25 <= z <= 1.5 a 7 deg(2) area of the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey. We find strong clustering throughout our galaxy cluster sample, as expected for these massive structures. Specifically, at < z >=0.5 we find a correlation length of r(0)=17.40(-3.10)(+3.98) h(-1)Mpc, in excellent agreement with the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey, the only other nonlocal measurement. At higher redshift,, we find that strong clustering persists, with a correlation AzS p 1 length of r(0)=19.14(-4.56)(+5.65) h(-1) Mpc. A comparison with high-resolution cosmological simulations indicates these are clusters with halo masses of similar to 10(14) M-circle dot, a result supported by estimates of dynamical mass for a subset of the sample. In a stable clustering picture, these clusters will evolve into massive (10(15) M-circle dot) clusters by the present day. C1 [Brodwin, M.; Moustakas, L. A.; Eisenhardt, P. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Brodwin, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/525558 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700002 ER PT J AU Heger, A Cumming, A Galloway, DK Woosley, SE AF Heger, Alexander Cumming, Andrew Galloway, Duncan K. Woosley, Stanford E. TI Models of Type I X-ray bursts from GS 1826-24: a probe of rp-process hydrogen burning SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (Ginga 1826-238, GS 1826-24) stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; THERMONUCLEAR RUNAWAYS; SHELL FLASHES; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION AB The X-ray burster GS 1826 - 24 shows extremely regular Type I X-ray bursts whose energetics and recurrence times agree well with thermonuclear ignition models. We present calculations of sequences of burst light curves using multizone models that follow the nucleosynthesis (alpha p and rp- processes) with an extensive nuclear reaction network. The theoretical and observed burst light curves show remarkable agreement. The models naturally explain the slow rise ( duration approximate to 5 s) and long tails (approximate to 100 s) of these bursts, as well as their dependence on mass accretion rate. This comparison provides further evidence for solar metallicity in the accreted material in this source and gives a distance to the source of 6.07 +/- 0.18 kpc xi(b) (- 1/2), where xi(b) is the burst emission anisotropy factor. The main difference is that the observed light curves do not show the distinct two-stage rise of the models. This may reflect the time for burning to spread over the stellar surface or may indicate that our treatment of heat transport or nuclear physics needs to be revised. The trends in burst properties with accretion rate are well reproduced by our spherically symmetric models that include chemical and thermal inertia from the ashes of previous bursts. Changes in the covering fraction of the accreted fuel are not required. C1 [Heger, Alexander] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cumming, Andrew] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Galloway, Duncan K.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Woosley, Stanford E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Heger, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, T-6,MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM 1@2sn.org RI Cumming, Andrew/A-6082-2013 OI Cumming, Andrew/0000-0002-6335-0169 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L141 EP L144 DI 10.1086/525522 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700014 ER PT J AU Kalas, P Duchene, G Fitzgerald, MP Graham, JR AF Kalas, Paul Duchene, Gaspard Fitzgerald, Michael P. Graham, James R. TI Discovery of an extended debris disk around the F2V star HD 15745 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : individual (HD 15745) ID DUST DISK; SPACE-TELESCOPE; BETA-PICTORIS; KUIPER-BELT; SYSTEMS; PLANETS; SPITZER; NEARBY; LIGHT AB Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, we have discovered dust-scattered light from the debris disk surrounding the F2 V star HD 15745. The circumstellar disk is detected between 2.0 '' and 7.5 '' radius, corresponding to 128 - 480 AU radius. The circumstellar disk morphology is asymmetric about the star, resembling a fan, and consistent with forward scattering grains in an optically thin disk with an inclination of similar to 67 degrees to our line of sight. The spectral energy distribution and scattered light morphology can be approximated with a model disk composed of silicate grains between 60 and 450 AU radius, with a total dust mass of 10(-7) M-circle dot (0.03 M-circle plus), representing a narrow grain size distribution (1 - 10 mu m). Galactic space motions are similar to the Castor moving group, with an age of similar to 10(8) yr, although future work is required to determine the age of HD 15745 using other indicators. C1 [Kalas, Paul; Duchene, Gaspard; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kalas, Paul; Duchene, Gaspard; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kalas, Paul; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Graham, James R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Duchene, Gaspard] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble 9, France. [Fitzgerald, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kalas, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fitzgerald, Michael/C-2642-2009 OI Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L161 EP L164 DI 10.1086/525252 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700019 ER PT J AU Sham, TK Rosenberg, RA AF Sham, Tsun-Kong Rosenberg, Richard A. TI Time-resolved synchrotron radiation excited optical luminescence: Light-emission properties of silicon-based nanostructures SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE luminescence; nanostructures; time-resolved spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POROUS SILICON; SURFACE-STATES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LASER-ABLATION; ZNS NANOWIRES; QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN AB The recent advances in the study of light emission from matter induced by synchrotron radiation: X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) in the energy domain and time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TRXEOL) are described. The development of these element (absorption edge) selective, synchrotron Xray photons in, optical photons out techniques with time gating coincide with advances in third-generation, insertion device based, synchrotron light sources. Electron bunches circulating in a storage ring emit very bright, widely energy tunable, short light pulses (< 100ps), which are used as the excitation source for investigation of light-emitting materials. Luminescence from silicon nonostructures (porous silicon, silicon nonowires, and Si-CdSe heterostructures) is used to illustrate the applicability of these techniques and their great potential in future applications. C1 [Sham, Tsun-Kong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Rosenberg, Richard A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sham, TK (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM tsham@uwo.ca; RAR@aps.anl.gov RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 8 IS 18 BP 2557 EP 2567 DI 10.1002/cphc.200700226 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253FI UT WOS:000252503700001 PM 17994661 ER PT J AU McGrath, P Fojas, AM Rush, B Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ AF McGrath, Patrick Fojas, Aurora Marie Rush, Benjamin Reimer, Jeffrey A. Cairns, Elton J. TI Characterizing electrocatalytic surfaces: Electrochemical and NMR studies of methanol and carbon monoxide on Pt/C SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th ISE Annual Meeting 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP ISE DE electrocatalysis; methanol; carbon monoxide; Pt/C electrocatalyst; adsorption ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; PLATINUM STEPPED SURFACES; SULFURIC-ACID ANIONS; LEVEL LOCAL-DENSITY; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; POLYCRYSTALLINE PLATINUM; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; H-2/CO MIXTURES; CO ADSORPTION AB We use cyclic voltarnmetry (CV) on fuel cell electrodes to elucidate the important differences between adsorbates resulting from carbon monoxide adsorption and methanol adsorption onto commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts in a sulfuric acid electrolyte. Under open circuit conditions, methanol was found to adsorb preferentially onto the Pt sites associated with "strongly bound" hydrogen. The sites associated with "weakly bound" hydrogen adsorbed methanol more slowly. In the case of CO adsorption, which requires no adsorbate dehydrogenation, all adsorption sites showed similar affinity towards the adsorbate. Electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbates derived from both methanol and CO exposure exhibit slower oxidation when the adsorbate is associated with cubic-packed-like sites than from close-packed-steps and other sites. NMR of a (CO)-C-13-adlayer prepared by electrochemical adsorption from low concentration (CH3OH)-C-13 shows a lower NMR shift and smaller linewidth than the previously reported values for electrochemically adsorbed (CO)-C-13 gas. These results are interpreted in terms of adsorbate motion on the electrocatalyst surface. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cairns, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejcairns@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1365 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.035 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 236LU UT WOS:000251305300039 ER PT J AU Meng, FQ Aieta, NV Dec, SF Horan, JL Williamson, D Frey, MH Pham, P Turner, JA Yandrasits, MA Hamrock, SJ Herring, AM AF Meng, Fanqin Aieta, Niccolo V. Dec, Steven F. Horan, James L. Williamson, Don Frey, Matthew H. Pham, Phat Turner, John A. Yandrasits, Michael A. Hamrock, Steven J. Herring, Andrew M. TI Structural and transport effects of doping perfluorosulfonic acid polymers with the heteropoly acids, H3PW12O40 or H4SiW12O40 SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th ISE Annual Meeting 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP ISE DE heteropoly acid; lonomer; proton conduction; PFSA; PEM ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; HUMIDITY PEFC OPERATION; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION; NAFION; WATER AB A perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer with pendant side chain -O(CF2)(4)SO3H was doped with the heteropoly acids (HPAs), H(3)PW(1)2O(40) and H4SiW12O40. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between the HPA and the PFSA ionomer. Modes associated with the peripheral bonds of the HPA were shifted to lower wave numbers when doped into PFSA membranes. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements showed the presence of large crystallites of HPA in the membrane with d spacings of ca. 10 angstrom, close to the lattice spacing observed in bulk HPA crystals. Under wet conditions the HPA was more dispersed and constrained the size of the sulfonic acid clusters to 20 angstrom at a 5 wt% HPA doping level, the same as in the vacuum treated ionomer samples. Under conditions of minimum hydration the HPA decreased the E. for the self-diffusion of water from 27 to 15 kJ mol(-1) (.)The reverse trend was seen under 100% RH conditions. Proton conductivity measurements showed improved proton conductivity of the HPA doped PFSAs at a constant dew point of 80 degrees C for all temperatures up to 120 degrees C and at all relative hummidities up to 80%. The activation energy for proton conduction generally was lower than for the Undoped materials at RH < 80%. Significantly the E. was 1/2 that of the undoped material at RHs of 40 and 60%. A practical proton conductivity of 113 mS cm(-1) was observed at 100 degrees C and 80% RH. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Syst & Infrastruct Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. 3M Co, 3M Fuel Cell Components Program, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. 3M Co, 3M Corporate Res Mat Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Herring, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu RI Herring, Andy/E-7088-2010; OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1372 EP 1378 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.047 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 236LU UT WOS:000251305300040 ER PT J AU Kerlau, M Marcinek, M Srinivasan, V Kostecki, RM AF Kerlau, Marie Marcinek, Marek Srinivasan, Venkat Kostecki, Robert M. TI Studies of local degradation phenomena in composite cathodes for lithium-ion batteries (Reprinted from Electrochimica Acta vol 52, pg 5422-5429, 2007) SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Reprint DE li-ion battery; cathode; degradation; Raman microscopy ID SITU RAMAN MICROSCOPY; LINI0.8CO0.15AL0.05O2 CATHODES; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; COBALT OXIDES; CAPACITY FADE; POWER; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; IMPEDANCE; MECHANISMS AB LiNi(0.8)Co(0.15)A(10.05)O(2) and LiNi1/3COWMn1/3O2 composite cathodes were cycled in model cells to study interfacial phenomena that could lead to electrode degradation. Ex situ spectroscopic analysis of the tested cathodes, which suffered substantial power and capacity loss, showed that the state of charge (SOC) of oxide particles on the cathode surface was highly non-uniform despite the deep discharge of the Li-ion cell at the end of the test. The inconsistent kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles was attributed to the degradation of electronic pathways within the composite cathodes. A simple theoretical model based on a distributed network showed that an increase of the contact resistance between composite electrode particles may be responsible for non-uniform local kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles and the overall degradation of electrochemical performance of composite electrodes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1385 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.009 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 236LU UT WOS:000251305300042 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SHH Hodell, DA Kamenov, G Guilderson, T Perfit, MR AF Nielsen, Simon H. H. Hodell, D. A. Kamenov, G. Guilderson, T. Perfit, M. R. TI Origin and significance of ice-rafted detritus in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ice-rafted detritus; South Atlantic; Antarctica; sea ice; last glacial period ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DEEP-SEA; AGE CALIBRATION; VOLCANIC ASH; SEDIMENTS; PROVENANCE; STRONTIUM; CYCLES AB Piston core TN057-14 from the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean contains several layers rich in volcanic tephra that were deposited during the last glacial period. Comparison with nearby cores (TN057-13PC4/ODP Site 1094) indicates that these tephra layers are correlative with the South Atlantic (SA) ice-rafted detritus (IRD) layers identified by Kanfoush et al. (2000, 2002). We analyzed the tephra for major and trace elements as well as isotopic ratios of strontium, neodymium, and lead. The elemental and isotopic composition of all tephra layers examined indicates the South Sandwich Island volcanic arc (SSI) as their dominant source, with minor input from Bouvet Island. Similar analyses of clear mineral grains (mainly feldspars, quartz, and olivine) also point to the SSI as the main source. We conclude that tephra erupted from the SSI was first deposited as air fall on sea ice and multiyear ice and then secondarily rafted to the studied sites. Deposition of the tephra-rich IRD layers was controlled by changes in sea surface temperature and sea-ice conditions in the Polar Frontal Zone of the South Atlantic, rather than Antarctic ice sheet dynamics. C1 [Nielsen, Simon H. H.; Hodell, D. A.; Kamenov, G.; Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Guilderson, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nielsen, SHH (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 108 Carraway Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM nielsen@gly.fsu.edu OI Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q12005 DI 10.1029/2007GC001618 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 244OZ UT WOS:000251876500002 ER PT J AU Nikanjarn, M Gibbs, AR Hunt, A Budinger, TF Forte, TM AF Nikanjarn, Mina Gibbs, Andrew R. Hunt, Anthony Budinger, Thomas F. Forte, Trudy M. TI Synthetic nano-LDL with paclitaxel oleate as a targeted drug delivery vehicle for glioblastoma multiforme SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE low density lipoprotein; glioblastoma multiforme; paclitaxel; low density lipoprotein receptor; lipid emulsion ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY; RECURRENT MALIGNANT GLIOMA; RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CANCER-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID AB The low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor has been shown to be upregulated in GBM tumor cells in vitro and is therefore a potential molecular target for the delivery of therapeutic agents. A synthetic nano-LDL (nLDL) particle was developed as a drug delivery vehicle targeted to GBM cells by incorporating a lipophilic prodrug, paclitaxel oleate, into the particle. Nano-LDL containing paclitaxel oleate (nLDL-PO) was constructed by combining a synthetic peptide containing a lipid binding motif and the LDL receptor (LDLR) binding domain of apolipoprotein 13100 with a lipid emulsion consisting of phosphatidyl choline, triolein, and paclitaxel oleate. Paclitaxel oleate incorporated into the core of the lipid particle. nLDL-PO cell survival in GBM cell lines was found to be time, concentration, and cell line dependent. Cell killing was observed with short drug incubations and exhibited saturation at 6 h. nLDL-PO cell survival improved in the presence of the LDL receptor inhibitor, suramin, demonstrating that the drug was delivered via the LDL receptor. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the synthetic nano-LDLs can incorporate lipophilic drugs and are capable of killing GBM cells. nLDL-PO has the potential to serve as a selective drug delivery vehicle for targeting GBM tumors via the LDL receptor. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nikanjarn, Mina; Forte, Trudy M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Nikanjarn, Mina; Budinger, Thomas F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gibbs, Andrew R.; Budinger, Thomas F.; Forte, Trudy M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hunt, Anthony] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Forte, TM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM tforte@chori.org NR 61 TC 78 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 246NW UT WOS:000252014700005 PM 17964677 ER PT J AU Henson, BF AF Henson, B. F. TI An adsorption model of insoluble particle activation: Application to black carbon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIESEL SOOT PARTICLES; WATER; AEROSOLS; NUCLEATION; GRAPHITE; EQUATION; SITES; CLOUD AB We present a model of insoluble particle activation based on a modification of the Kohler equation in which we introduce a term based on the activity of water adsorbed on the particle surface. We illustrate the model by application to activation data from black carbon ( BC) particles. We parameterize the model using a free energy of adsorption that reflects the relative affinity for water vapor adsorbing on either the BC surface or the adsorbed water layer. This enables the parameterization of either chemically modified ( hydrophilic) or graphitic ( hydrophobic) BC. Several features of a suite of carbon activation data are captured by the model. In particular, upper and lower bounding curves are predicted for activation supersaturation as a function of diameter. We show a large body of recent activation data that all fall within these bounds. The model also predicts that activation of BC aerosol leads to activation diameters from 3 to 10 times smaller than activation of soluble particles of identical dry diameter. The activation of smaller particles may be expected to impact the size distribution of resulting cloud droplets and thus the aerosol first indirect effect on climate. Finally, we compare activation of BC aerosol as calculated with this model to activation of mixed particles of BC and ammonium sulfate. It is shown that for some range of the adsorption free energy a hydrophilic BC aerosol is predicted to activate at lower supersaturation than comparable mixed aerosol of low mass fraction in the soluble component, indicating the utility of a model of mixed particle activation based on the adsorption of water to form an interfacial solution. C1 [Henson, B. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-6,MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM henson@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S16 DI 10.1029/2007JD008549 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244PS UT WOS:000251878400002 ER PT J AU McFarquhar, GM Zhang, G Poellot, MR Kok, GL Mccoy, R Tooman, T Fridlind, A Heymsfield, AJ AF McFarquhar, Greg M. Zhang, Gong Poellot, Michael R. Kok, Gregory L. McCoy, Robert Tooman, Tim Fridlind, Ann Heymsfield, Andrew J. TI Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 1. Observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOMENT MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER-CONTENT; CLIMATE MODELS; ANNUAL CYCLE; PART I; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; LIQUID FRACTION AB During the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) in fall 2004, the University of North Dakota Citation measured 53 profiles within single-layer stratus clouds by executing spiral ascents and descents over Barrow and Oliktok Point, Alaska, and by flying ramped ascents and descents between. Cloud phase was identified from an algorithm that uses voltage change from the Rosemount ice detector, the size distribution (SD) shape measured by the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), and manual identification of particles imaged by the Cloud Particle Imager, the two-dimensional cloud probe (2DC) and the high-volume precipitation sampler (HVPS). Size and mass distribution functions were derived using data from the FSSP, one-dimensional cloud probe, 2DC and HVPS in conjunction with total water content (TWC) measured by the Counterflow Virtual Impactor. With clouds defined as locations where TWC > 0.001 g m(-3), there were a total of 513 30-s averaged SDs in single-layer clouds, of which 71% were in mixed-phase parcels, 23% in ice-phase and 6% in liquid-phase. The mixed-phase parcels were dominated by contributions from liquid drops, with the liquid mass fraction f(1) having averages and standard deviations of 0.89 +/- 0.18 with 75% of cases having f(1) > 0.9. For these single- layer clouds, f(1) increased with normalized cloud altitude z(n), defined as linearly increasing from 0 at cloud base to 1 at cloud top with fl averaging 0.96 +/- 0.13 near z(n) = 1 and 0.70 +/- 0.30 near z(n) = 0. The effective radius of water droplets r(ew) increased with z(n), from an average of 6.9 +/- 1.8 mu m near z(n) = 0 to 11.4 +/- 2.4 mu m near z(n) = 1, whereas the effective radius of ice crystals rei (25.2 +/- 3.9 mu m) was nearly independent of z(n). The averaged cloud droplet number concentration and concentrations of ice crystals with maximum dimensions greater than 53 mu m were 43.6 +/- 30.5 x 10(3) L-1 and 2.8 +/- 6.9 L-1, respectively, and nearly independent of z(n). In contrast to past measurements in mixed-phase clouds combined from many geographical locations where fl increased with temperature, f(1) decreased from -12 degrees to -3 degrees C as clouds typically consisted of a liquid topped layer with precipitating ice below. C1 [McFarquhar, Greg M.; Zhang, Gong] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Poellot, Michael R.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Kok, Gregory L.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [McCoy, Robert; Tooman, Tim] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Fridlind, Ann] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP McFarquhar, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; OI McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 NR 81 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24201 DI 10.1029/2007JD008633 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244PS UT WOS:000251878400004 ER PT J AU Golubeva, AA Nemukhin, AV Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB Krylov, AI AF Golubeva, Anna A. Nemukhin, Alexandr V. Klippenstein, Stephen J. Harding, Lawrence B. Krylov, Anna I. TI Performance of the spin-flip and multireference methods for bond breaking in hydrocarbons: A benchmark study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONSISTENT WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SIZE-CONSISTENT; PREDICTIVE THEORY; DOUBLES MODEL; DIRADICALS; EXCITATION AB Benchmark results for spin-flip (SF) coupled-cluster and multireference (MR) methods for bond-breaking in hydrocarbons are presented. The nonparallelity errors (NPEs), which are defined as an absolute value of the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the errors in the potential energy along bond-breaking curves, are analyzed for (i) the entire range of nuclear distortions from equilibrium to the dissociation limit and (ii) in the intermediate range (2.5-4.5 angstrom), which is the most relevant for kinetics modeling. For methane, the spin-flip and MR results are compared against full configuration interaction (FCI). For the entire potential energy curves, the NPEs for the SF model with single and double substitutions (SF-CCSD) are slightly less than 3 kcal/mol. Inclusion of triple excitations reduces the NPEs to 0.32 kcal/mol. The corresponding NPEs for the MR-CI are less than 1 kcal/mol, while those of multireference perturbation theory are slightly larger (1.2 kcal/mol). The NPEs in the intermediate range are smaller for all of the methods. The largest errors of 0.35 kcal/mol are observed, surprisingly, for a spin-flip approach that includes triple excitations, while MR-CI, CASPT2, and SF-CCSD curves are very close to each other and are within 0.1-0.2 kcal/mol of FCI. For a larger basis set, the difference between MR-CI and CASPT2 is about 0.2 kcal/mol, while SF-CCSD is within 0.4 kcal/mol of MR-CI. For the C-C bond breaking in ethane, the results of the SF-CCSD are within 1 kcal/mol of MR-CI for the entire curve and within 0.4 kcal/mol in the intermediate region. The corresponding NPEs for CASPT2 are 1.8 and 0.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Including the effect of triples by energy-additivity schemes is found to be insignificant for the intermediate region. For the entire range of nuclear separations, sufficiently large basis sets are required to avoid artifacts at small internuclear separations. C1 [Golubeva, Anna A.; Krylov, Anna I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Golubeva, Anna A.; Nemukhin, Alexandr V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Klippenstein, Stephen J.; Harding, Lawrence B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krylov, AI (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Nemukhin, Alexander/P-9662-2015; OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 13264 EP 13271 DI 10.1021/jp0764079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240VG UT WOS:000251615700048 PM 18004832 ER PT J AU Kim, E Kumar, R Weck, PF Cornelius, AL Nicol, M Vogel, SC Zhang, JZ Hartl, M Stowe, AC Daemen, L Zhao, YS AF Kim, Eunja Kumar, Ravhi Weck, Philippe F. Cornelius, Andrew L. Nicol, Malcolm Vogel, Sven C. Zhang, Jianzhong Hartl, Monika Stowe, Ashley C. Daemen, Luke Zhao, Yusheng TI Pressure-driven phase transitions in NaBH4: Theory and experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE MATERIALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DENSITY AB We have investigated pressure-induced structural transitions in NaBH4 through density-functional theory calculations combined with X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. Our calculations confirm that the cubic phase is stable up to 5.4 GPa and an orthorhombic phase occurs above 8.9 GPa, as observed in X-ray diffraction experiments. Both the calculations and X-ray diffraction measurements identify an intermediate tetragonal phase that appears between 6 and 8 GPa; that is, between the cubic and orthorhombic phases. This result is also confirmed by high-pressure neutron diffraction experiments performed on NaBD4. Our calculations and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the space group of the orthorhombic phase above 8.9 GPa is Pnma and the orthorhombic phase remains stable up to 30 GPa. The calculated equations of state are in excellent agreement with experiments. C1 [Kim, Eunja; Kumar, Ravhi; Cornelius, Andrew L.; Nicol, Malcolm] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Weck, Philippe F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Vogel, Sven C.; Zhang, Jianzhong; Hartl, Monika; Daemen, Luke; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stowe, Ashley C.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM kimej@physics.unlv.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Kumar, Ravhi/B-8427-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016; OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619; , Philippe/0000-0002-7610-2893; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 13873 EP 13876 DI 10.1021/jp709840w PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240VD UT WOS:000251615400002 PM 18031032 ER PT J AU Telkki, VV Hilty, C Garcia, S Harel, E Pines, A AF Telkki, Ville-Veikko Hilty, Christian Garcia, Sandra Harel, Elad Pines, Alexander TI Quantifying the diffusion of a fluid through membranes by double phase encoded remote detection magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GRADIENT; DETECTION NMR; POROUS-MEDIA; XENON NMR; GAS-FLOW; PROBE; PROPAGATOR; TRANSPORT; RATIO; MRI AB We demonstrate that a position correlation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment based on two phase encoding steps separated by a delay can be used for quantifying diffusion across a membrane. This method is noninvasive, and no tracer substance or concentration gradient across the membrane is required. Because, in typical membranes, the T-1 relaxation time of the fluid spins is usually much longer than the T-2 time, we developed and implemented a new position correlation experiment based on a stimulated spin-echo, in which the relaxation attenuation of the signal is dominated by T-1 instead of T-2. This enables using relatively long delays needed in the diffusion measurements. The sensitivity of the double encoded experiment detected in a conventional way is still low because of the low filling factor of the fluid inside the NMR coil around the sample. We circumvent this problem by using the remote detection technique, which significantly increases the sensitivity, making it possible to do the measurements with gaseous fluids that have a low spin-density compared to liquids. We derive a model that enables us to extract a diffusion constant characterizing the diffusion rate through the membrane from the obtained correlation images. The double phase encoded MRI method is advantageous in any kind of diffusion studies, because the propagator of fluid molecules can directly be seen from the correlation image. C1 [Telkki, Ville-Veikko; Hilty, Christian; Garcia, Sandra; Harel, Elad; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Telkki, VV (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, NMR Res Grp, PO Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM ville-veikko.telkki@oulu.fi RI Hilty, Christian/C-1892-2015 OI Hilty, Christian/0000-0003-2539-2568 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 13929 EP 13936 DI 10.1021/jp076760e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240VD UT WOS:000251615400011 PM 18001086 ER PT J AU Greene, LE Law, M Yuhas, BD Yang, PD AF Greene, Lori E. Law, Matt Yuhas, Benjamin D. Yang, Peidong TI ZnO-TiO2 core-shell nanorod/P3HT solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ZNO NANOWIRE ARRAYS; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AB We evaluate an ordered organic-inorganic solar cell architecture based on ZnO-TiO2 core-shell nanorod arrays encased in the hole-conducting polymer P3HT. Thin shells of TiO2 grown on the ZnO nanorods by atomic layer deposition significantly increase the voltage and fill factor relative to devices without shells. We find that the core-shell cells must be exposed to air to reproducibly attain efficiencies higher than 0.05%. Cells stored in air for 1 month are 0.29% efficient. C1 [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu NR 61 TC 351 Z9 359 U1 26 U2 294 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 18451 EP 18456 DI 10.1021/jp077593l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 240VE UT WOS:000251615500002 ER PT J AU Park, K Liang, G Ji, XJ Luo, ZP Li, C Croft, MC Markert, JT AF Park, Keeseong Liang, Gan Ji, Xiaojun Luo, Zhi-Ping Li, Chun Croft, Mark C. Markert, John T. TI Structural and magnetic properties of gold and silica doubly coated gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON-OXIDE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; SURFACE MODIFICATION; COLLOIDAL SILICA; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; CONTRAST AGENTS; PARTICLES; THERAPY; CANCER; TEMPERATURE AB Extensive structural and magnetic characterization measurements were carried out on gold and silica doubly coated gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which were recently demonstrated to have an efficient photothermal effect and high transverse relaxivities for MRI applications. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the phase of the uncoated and coated nanoparticles to be that of the gamma-Fe2O3 structure. The sizes, structure, and chemical compositions of the narroparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The magnetization results indicate that coating of the iron oxide nanoparticles by gold/silica decreases the blocking temperature from 160 to 80 K. Such a decrease can be well-explained by spin disorder, causing reduction of the effective volume of the gamma-Fe2O3 core. Moreover, it was found that in the temperature (7) range between 100 K and room temperature, the gold/silica coating can cause a slight magnetic change in the y-Fe,03 cores from superparamagnetic to almost superparamagnetic. Finally, it was found that the coercivity for both the uncoated and the coated nanoparticles decreases almost linearly with T-1/2 with the former decreasing faster than the latter, and this coercivity result confirms that the blocking temperature is decreased by gold/silica coating. These results are valuable for evaluating the future applications of this class of multifunctional, hybrid magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. C1 [Park, Keeseong; Markert, John T.] Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Liang, Gan] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Ji, Xiaojun; Li, Chun] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Diagnost Imaging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Luo, Zhi-Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Croft, Mark C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Croft, Mark C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liang, G (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM phy_gnl@shsu.edu RI Park, Keeseong/B-2435-2012; Luo, Zhiping/C-4435-2014 OI Luo, Zhiping/0000-0002-8264-6424 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 18512 EP 18519 DI 10.1021/jp0757457 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 240VE UT WOS:000251615500011 ER PT J AU Cao, AM Monnell, JD Matranga, C Wu, JM Cao, LL Gao, D AF Cao, An-min Monnell, Jason D. Matranga, Christopher Wu, Jia-min Cao, Liang-liang Gao, Di TI Hierarchical nanostructured copper oxide and its application in arsenic removal SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER-TREATMENT; CUPRIC OXIDE; COATED SAND; COBALT; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; NANOWIRES; METAL AB A facile two-step process was developed to synthesize hierarchical nanostructured CuO. First, copper acetate reacts with ethylene glycol to produce organocopper precursors with tunable morphologies; second, the organocopper precursors are calcinated to produce CuO structures which preserve the morphology of the precursors. The product consists of nanometer-sized CuO crystallites self-organized into micrometer-sized monoliths with tunable complex structures, including microplates, doughnut-like structures, and multilayer microspheres. The doughnut-like CuO structure possesses high removal capacity for As(III) and can be easily separated and recycled during water treatment processes. C1 [Cao, An-min; Wu, Jia-min; Cao, Liang-liang; Gao, Di] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Monnell, Jason D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Matranga, Christopher] US DOE, Chem & Surface Sci Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gao, D (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM gaod@engr.pitt.edu RI Wu, Jiamin/I-6009-2013; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 18624 EP 18628 DI 10.1021/jp0773379 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 240VE UT WOS:000251615500027 ER PT J AU Strmcnik, DS Rebec, P Gaberscek, M Tripkovic, D Stamenkovic, V Lucas, C Markovic, NM AF Strmcnik, Dusan S. Rebec, Peter Gaberscek, Miran Tripkovic, Dusan Stamenkovic, Vojislav Lucas, Christopher Markovic, Nenad M. TI Relationship between the surface coverage of spectator species and the rate of electrocatalytic reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CARBON-MONOXIDE; HYDROGEN ELECTROCHEMISTRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; DIGITAL-SIMULATION; ACID-SOLUTIONS; PLATINUM AB Relationships between the surface coverage of spectator (blocking) species and the rate of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the bulk oxidation of dissolved CO on Pt(100) and Pt(111) single crystals in acidic electrolytes has been probed by cyclic voltammetry, in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS), and ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. It is shown that the surface coverage by spectator species during the HOR and the ORR are the same as for the corresponding coverage obtained in the inert (Ar-saturated) environment. This observation is consistent with the proposition that the availability of active sites for H-2 and O-2 is determined almost entirely by the coverage of adsorbates from the supporting electrolyte and not by the active intermediates. Related electrochemical-SXS studies undertaken for bulk CO oxidation reveal that the maximum rate above the ignition potential is reached on a surface that is covered by approximate to 90% of an ordered CO adlayer. The nature of the active sites in this case is determined by a combination of electrochemical and STM results. It is found that the active sites in this potential region are steps, which appear to be active sites for OH adsorption. To get insight into the relationship between the diffusion-limiting current and the surface coverage by the inactive CO adlayer, we introduce the concept of a partially blocked electrode surface with active and inactive areas. On the basis of the calculations and experimental results, it is proposed that the active sites for given electrochemical reactions on Pt electrodes are arrays of adsorbate-free nanoscale patches embedded in an inactive adlayer of nonreactive molecular species. C1 [Strmcnik, Dusan S.; Tripkovic, Dusan; Stamenkovic, Vojislav; Markovic, Nenad M.] Univ Chicago, Div Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. [Strmcnik, Dusan S.; Rebec, Peter; Gaberscek, Miran] Natl Inst Chem, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Lucas, Christopher] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Div Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. EM nmmarkovic@anl.gov OI Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 50 BP 18672 EP 18678 DI 10.1021/jp0756146 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 240VE UT WOS:000251615500032 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Jiang, DE Lu, X Bettinger, HF Dai, S Schleyer, PV Houk, KN AF Chen, Zhongfang Jiang, De-En Lu, Xin Bettinger, Holger F. Dai, Sheng Schleyer, Paul von Rague Houk, Kendall N. TI Open-shell singlet character of cyclacenes and short zigzag nanotubes SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; BELT-SHAPED CYCLOPHANES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; EMERALD GREEN; GROUND-STATES; AB-INITIO; LENGTH; AROMATICITY; STABILITY; MOLECULES AB The electronic ground states of [n]cyclacenes, as well as short-zigzag nanotubes, computed at unrestricted broken spin-symmetry density functional theory (UBS-DFT), were found to be open-shell singlets, rather than triplets. Computations for [6]cyclacene at complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multireference perturbation theory (MRMP2) levels support this conclusion. Along with strain, the radical character of the open-shell singlet with antiferromagnetically coupled electron spins may contribute to the difficulties in synthesizing [n]cyclacenes. C1 [Chen, Zhongfang; Schleyer, Paul von Rague] Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Chem, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jiang, De-En; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lu, Xin] Xiamen Univ, Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Bettinger, Holger F.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Organ Chem 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Houk, Kendall N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Chem, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM chen@chem.uga.edu; jiangd@ornl.gov RI Chen, Zhongfang/A-3397-2008; Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Lu, X/G-4639-2010; Liu, Peng/D-1233-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Bettinger, Holger F./0000-0001-5223-662X NR 54 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 EI 1523-7052 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 26 BP 5449 EP 5452 DI 10.1021/ol7023339 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 240UY UT WOS:000251614900030 PM 18044906 ER PT J AU Mahajan, D Ro, K AF Mahajan, Devinder Ro, Kyoung TI Preface: A special issue on "Clean Fuels from Biomass and Wastes" SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ro, Kyoung] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8827 EP 8827 DI 10.1021/ie078011p PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100001 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Cantrell, K Elliott, D Hunt, PG AF Ro, Kyoung S. Cantrell, Keri Elliott, Douglas Hunt, Patrick G. TI Catalytic wet gasification of municipal and animal wastes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; POULTRY LITTER; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; EMISSIONS; CARBON; MANURE AB Currently there is worldwide interest in deriving energy from bio-based materials via gasification. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of wet gasification for treatment/energy conversion of both animal and municipal wastes. Wet wastes such as swine manure and raw sewage sludge could be processed directly via current wet gasification technology. Furthermore, these wastes generated high amounts of net energy based on reaction material and energy balances. Without use of an efficient heat recovery system, municipal solid wastes and unpaved feedlot manure would not generate positive energy return from wet gasification. Due to high sulfur content of the wastes, pretreatment to prevent the poisoning of catalysts is essential. The costs of a conceptual first generation wet gasification manure management system for a model swine farm were significantly higher than that of the anaerobic lagoon system. However, there are many significant environmental advantages of the wet gasification, e.g., BOD removal, odor elimination, and pathogen kill. C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Cantrell, Keri; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Elliott, Douglas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8839 EP 8845 DI 10.1021/ie061403w PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100004 ER PT J AU Krishna, CR Thomassen, K Brown, C Butcher, TA Anjom, M Mahajan, D AF Krishna, C. R. Thomassen, Kaitlin Brown, Christopher Butcher, Thomas A. Anjom, Mouzhgun Mahajan, Devinder TI Cold flow behavior of biodiesels derived from biomass sources SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLOUD AB Biodiesel is produced in the United States to D 675 1, an ASTM standard. The source material in this fledgling industry in the U.S. is primarily soy oil, though other sources such as canola oil, waste oils, and greases from food and other sources are beginning to be exploited. At present, the referenced ASTM standard does not specify cloud and pour points values that are much higher for biodiesel than diesel derived from petroleum but allows them to be specified by the customer. There can be significant variation in these values, depending on the nature of the source material used to produce biodiesel, all of which meet the ASTM standards. This has the potential to create problems in applications as the quality of the biodiesel produced could vary widely. This study focused on quantitative measurements of cloud points of blends of biodiesel made from different sources. A correlation of these measurements with the saturated components was developed and was shown to correlate data reported in the literature as well. C1 [Krishna, C. R.; Thomassen, Kaitlin; Brown, Christopher; Butcher, Thomas A.; Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Anjom, Mouzhgun; Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Krishna, CR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Krishna@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8846 EP 8851 DI 10.1021/ie070110f PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100005 ER PT J AU Phillips, SD AF Phillips, S. D. TI Technoeconomic analysis of a lignocellulosic biomass indirect gasification process to make ethanol via mixed alcohols synthesis SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATALYST AB A technoeconomic analysis of a 2000 tonne/day lignocellulosic biomass conversion process to make mixed alcohols via gasification and catalytic synthesis was completed. The process, modeled using ASPEN Plus process modeling software for mass and energy calculations, included all major process steps to convert biomass into liquid fuels, including gasification, gas cleanup and conditioning, synthesis conversion to mixed alcohols, and product separation. The gas cleanup area features a catalytic fluidized-bed steam reformer to convert tars and hydrocarbons into syngas. Conversions for both the reformer and the synthesis catalysts were based on research targets expected to be achieved by 2012 through ongoing research. The mass and energy calculations were used to estimate capital and operating costs that were used in a discounted cash flow rate of return analysis for the process to calculate a minimum ethanol selling price of $0.267/L ($1.01/gal) ethanol (U.S.$2005). C1 [Phillips, S. D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Phillips, SD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steven_phillips@nrel.gov NR 31 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8887 EP 8897 DI 10.1021/ie071224u PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100010 ER PT J AU Tawfik, H El-Khatib, K Hung, Y Mahajan, D AF Tawfik, Hazem El-Khatib, Kamel Hung, Yue Mahajan, Devinder TI Effects of bipolar plate material and impurities in reactant gases on PEM fuel cell performance SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB Biomass to biofuels production technologies are promising to reduce CO2 emissions. Complementing the fuel-production technologies is improvement in their end use, wherein efforts are underway to maximize fuel cell efficiency. In the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell research and development (R&D), the metallic bipolar plate concept looks promising, but issues such as cost, corrosion resistance, interfacial contact resistance (ICR), and reactant gases impurities still need to be resolved. Of these, bipolar plate material and impurities in oxygen or hydrogen extracted from biomass gasification can have considerable influence on fuel cell performance. In this paper, measurements of the ICR between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and a number of bipolar plate materials were obtained and analyzed. The ICR data showed a significant effect on the electric power output of the fuel cell. Additionally, typical impurities in oxygen gas were found to have an adverse effect on throughput of the fuel cell due to possible poisoning of the catalyst, the electrolyte, and/or the ionomer membrane. It was noted that the damage caused by these impurities could be permanent or reversible, depending on the type of impurity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other characteristics of both fresh and used samples of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a PEM fuel cell after 1000 h of operation in a single hydrogen fuel cell are also reported to understand the underlying chemistry of the working metallic bipolar plates in a PEM fuel cell. Last, minimal loss of metals, established through the byproduct water analysis, showed prolonged performance of the fuel cell under operating conditions. Such a robust fuel cell when operating with biomass-derived biofuel could result in better utilization of biomass feedstocks when the cradle-to-grave energy efficiency is considered. This will help the biofuel industry to grow at a faster pace to commercialization. C1 [Tawfik, Hazem; Hung, Yue] SUNY Farmingdale, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. [El-Khatib, Kamel] Natl Res Ctr, Chem Engn & Pilot Plant Dept, Giza, Egypt. [Tawfik, Hazem; Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Adv Energy Res & Technol Ctr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tawfik, H (reprint author), SUNY Farmingdale, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. EM tawfikhh@farmingdale.edu OI El-Khatib, kamel/0000-0002-0608-7464 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8898 EP 8905 DI 10.1021/ie071241j PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100011 ER PT J AU Taylor, CE Howard, BH Myers, CR AF Taylor, Charles E. Howard, Bret H. Myers, Christina R. TI Methanol conversion for the production of hydrogen SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; CATALYSTS AB The production of methanol from a variety of biomass sources is gaining favor. Several facilities exist or are under construction throughout the world to convert biogenerated methane from the decomposition of biomass into methanol using conventional steam reforming. Methanol is an excellent liquid-hydrogen-transport medium. When powered by hydrogen, fuel cells have the potential to be the cleanest and most efficient source of electricity for use by the automotive industry. On-board reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is a viable alternative to the storage of compressed hydrogen. A problem in current reforming processes is the quantity of carbon monoxide (CO) produced. Our research is geared toward circumventing the production of carbon monoxide in methanol reforming through the development of novel reforming catalysts. By modifying a copper-based catalyst, we have produced several catalysts that retain their activity and high surface area after extended methanol reforming runs both with and without the addition of steam. C1 [Taylor, Charles E.; Howard, Bret H.; Myers, Christina R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Taylor, CE (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8906 EP 8909 DI 10.1021/ie061307v PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100012 ER PT J AU Cantrell, K Ro, K Mahajan, D Anjom, M Hunt, PG AF Cantrell, Keri Ro, Kyoung Mahajan, Devinder Anjom, Mouzhgun Hunt, Patrick G. TI Role of thermochemical conversion in livestock waste-to-energy treatments: Obstacles and opportunities SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; CATALYTIC STEAM GASIFICATION; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; BIOMASS GASIFICATION; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; FLUIDIZED-BED AB Integrating thermochemical conversion (TCC) technologies with current animal waste treatment practices can treat and reduce quantities of manure from consolidated animal feeding operations. Additionally, TCC technologies can produce value-added, renewable energy products. These products can meet heating and power needs or be catalytically converted into liquid fuels. The primary objectives of this study were to assess opportunities and obstacles in the treatment and energy conversion using currently available TCC processes. Both dry and wet livestock manures were assessed. Dry wastes like poultry litter and feedlot manures can be processed directly via pyrolysis and air/steam gasification technology. The solids in the aqueous waste streams from dairy and swine operations can undergo wet gasification or direct liquefaction processes. Alternatively, these solids can be separated and dried before conversion. Due to high ash and sulfur contents, pretreatment of manure is necessary to prevent catalyst poisoning and promote effective unit operation. While the energy input requirements for a conceptual wet gasification manure treatment system of a model swine farm is larger than a traditional anaerobic digestion operation, there are many significant advantages in implementing TCC technology including the following: compact design; faster treatment times; reduction of odors, BOD, and pharmaceutically activated compounds; and elimination of sludge. C1 [Cantrell, Keri; Ro, Kyoung; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soils Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Anjom, Mouzhgun; Hunt, Patrick G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Cantrell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soils Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8918 EP 8927 DI 10.1021/ie0616895 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100014 ER PT J AU Rimmer, RD Grills, DC Fan, H Ford, PC Caulton, KG AF Rimmer, R. Dale Grills, David C. Fan, Hongjun Ford, Peter C. Caulton, Kenneth G. TI Metal-dependent reactivity differences for transients formed by flash photolysis of (PNP)M(CO), M = Co and Rh SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB Spin triplet (PNP)Co adds one CO according to a rate law first-order in each reagent with k = 9.3 x 105 M-1 s(-1). In contrast, the transient produced by photodissociation of CO from (PNP)Rh(CO) forms, within 10 ns, the Rh(III) species [tau](4)t Bu2PCH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2PtBu(CMe2CH2)]RhH, and this adds CO with a second-order rate constant of 6 x 106 M-1 s-1. The resulting monocarbonyl then slowly (k = 3 x 10(1) s(-1)) reductively eliminates H and C(sp(3)) to re-form (PNP)Rh(CO). The former two rate constants support the idea that a spin crossing between triplet (PNP)Co and singlet (PNP)Co(CO) causes a rate suppression. C1 [Rimmer, R. Dale; Grills, David C.; Ford, Peter C.; Caulton, Kenneth G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Grills, David C.; Caulton, Kenneth G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fan, Hongjun; Caulton, Kenneth G.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Caulton, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM caulton@indiana.edu RI Ford, Peter/D-1826-2011; Grills, David/F-7196-2016 OI Ford, Peter/0000-0002-5509-9912; Grills, David/0000-0001-8349-9158 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 50 BP 15430 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0763571 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 240IS UT WOS:000251581900010 PM 18027946 ER PT J AU Jiang, YB Xomeritakis, G Chen, Z Dunphy, D Kissel, DJ Cecchi, JL Brinkertt, CJ AF Jiang, Ying-Bing Xomeritakis, George Chen, Zhu Dunphy, Darren Kissel, David J. Cecchi, Joseph L. Brinkertt, C. Jeffrey TI Sub-10 nm thick microporous membranes made by plasma-defined atomic layer deposition of a bridged silsesquioxane precursor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICA; TRANSPORT; CARBON; MASS AB We report atomic layer deposition of an ultrathin hybrid organic/inorganic film on a porous support and its conversion to a high flux, high selectivity membrane. Through chemical passivation of the internal support porosity and remote oxygen plasma activation of the support surface, ALD of a bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane precursor is confined to the immediate surface of the support, allowing formation of a 5 nm thick film spanning the underlying porosity. UV/ozone removal of the C-2 porogen creates a microporous membrane with a He/SF6 selectivity > 10(4) and a substantial He flux of 5.3 sccm/bar.cm(2). Prior to conversion, these ultrathin films are of interest as low k dielectric sealing layers. Use of bridging ligands with other shapes and sizes should enable generalization of this approach to other demanding separation problems. C1 [Jiang, Ying-Bing; Cecchi, Joseph L.; Brinkertt, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1815, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Xomeritakis, George; Chen, Zhu; Dunphy, Darren; Kissel, David J.; Cecchi, Joseph L.; Brinkertt, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cecchi, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1815, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cecchi@unm.edu; cjbrink@sandia.gov RI Chen, Zhu/M-3834-2015 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 50 BP 15446 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0773756 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 240IS UT WOS:000251581900018 PM 18034492 ER PT J AU Steenackers, M Lud, SQ Niedermeier, M Bruno, P Gruen, DM Feulner, P Stutzmann, M Garrido, JA Jordan, R AF Steenackers, Marin Lud, Simon Q. Niedermeier, Martin Bruno, Paola Gruen, Dieter M. Feulner, Peter Stutzmann, Martin Garrido, Jose A. Jordan, Rainer TI Structured polymer grafts on diamond SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; THIN-FILMS; ARYLDIAZONIUM SALTS; DIRECT AMINATION; BRUSHES; IMMOBILIZATION; ELECTRODES AB In this work, a facile method for the preparation of structured and functional polymer grafts on diamond surfaces is described. Uniform poly(styrene) (PS) grafts with a thickness of similar to 110 nm were created directly onto oxidized ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces by the self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization of bulk styrene with UV irradiation. The stable covalent bonding of the PS grafts allows polymer analogue reactions with drastic reaction conditions without noticeable detachment of the polymer coating. Thus, various functionalities, such as nitro, sulfonic, and aminomethyl groups have been successfully incorporated to the polymer grafts. Furthermore, the reactivity contrast between hydrogenated and oxidized UNCD surfaces allows for the preparation of structured polymer grafts. Finally, we have demonstrated the good reactivity and accessibility of the incorporated pendant functional groups. C1 [Steenackers, Marin; Jordan, Rainer] Tech Univ Munich, Wacker Lehrstuhl Makromol Chem, Dept Chem, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Lud, Simon Q.; Niedermeier, Martin; Stutzmann, Martin; Garrido, Jose A.] Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Bruno, Paola; Gruen, Dieter M.] Dept Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Feulner, Peter] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E20, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Garrido, JA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Wacker Lehrstuhl Makromol Chem, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM garrido@wsi.tum.de; rainer.jordan@tum.de RI Steenackers, Marin/F-1162-2010; bruno, paola/G-5786-2011; Garrido, Jose A./K-7491-2015; Jordan, Rainer/B-6542-2008; Stutzmann, Martin/B-1480-2012; OI Garrido, Jose A./0000-0001-5621-1067; Jordan, Rainer/0000-0002-9414-1597; Stutzmann, Martin/0000-0002-0068-3505 NR 38 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 50 BP 15655 EP 15661 DI 10.1021/ja075378c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 240IS UT WOS:000251581900054 PM 18034481 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Chu, YH Zhao, T Ramesh, R Choudhury, S Chen, LQ Eliseev, EA Morozovska, AN AF Kalinin, S. V. Rodriguez, B. J. Jesse, S. Chu, Y. H. Zhao, T. Ramesh, R. Choudhury, S. Chen, L. Q. Eliseev, E. A. Morozovska, A. N. TI Intrinsic single-domain switching in ferroelectric materials on a nearly ideal surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phase transition; polarization switching; scanning probe microscopy; piezoresponse force microscopy; BiFeO(3) ID PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION REVERSAL; FILMS; FIELDS AB Ferroelectric domain nucleation and growth in multiferroic BiFeO(3) is studied on a single-domain level by using piezoresponse force spectroscopy. Variation of local electromechanical response with dc tip bias is used to determine the size of the domain formed below the conductive scanning probe tip. The domain parameters are calculated self-consistently from the decoupled Green function theory by using tip geometry determined from the domain wall profile. The critical parameters of the nucleating domain and the activation energy for nucleation are determined. The switching mechanism is modeled by using the phase-field method, and comparison with experimental results shows that the nucleation biases are within a factor of approximate to 2 of the intrinsic thermodynamic limit. The role of atomic-scale defects and long-range elastic fields on nucleation bias lowering is discussed. These measurements open a pathway for quantitative studies of the role of a single defect on kinetics and thermodynamics of first order bias-induced phase transitions and electrochemical reactions. C1 [Kalinin, S. V.; Rodriguez, B. J.; Jesse, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kalinin, S. V.; Rodriguez, B. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chu, Y. H.; Zhao, T.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Y. H.; Zhao, T.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Choudhury, S.; Chen, L. Q.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Eliseev, E. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Morozovska, A. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@orn1.gov RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 51 BP 20204 EP 20209 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709316104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244SG UT WOS:000251885000012 PM 18077335 ER PT J AU Paulick, MG Forstner, MB Groves, JT Bertozzi, CR AF Paulick, Margot G. Forstner, Martin B. Groves, Jay T. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI A chemical approach to unraveling the biological function of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cellular diffusion; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-protein analogs; intracellular trafficking; GFP-GPI; GPI glycan core ID EXPRESSED PROTEIN LIGATION; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOSYL-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; CELL-SURFACE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DEPENDENT RETENTION; MEMBRANE ANCHOR; LIVING CELLS; GPI; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a C-terminal post-translational modification found on many eukaryotic proteins that reside in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. The complex and diverse structures of GPI anchors suggest a rich spectrum of biological functions, but few have been confirmed experimentally because of the lack of appropriate techniques that allow for structural perturbation in a cellular context. We previously synthesized a series of GPI anchor analogs with systematic deletions within the glycan core and coupled them to the GFP by a combination of expressed protein ligation and native chemical ligation [Paulick MG, Wise AR, Forstner MB, Groves JT, Bertozzi CR (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:11543-11550]. Here we investigate the behavior of these GPI-protein analogs in living cells. These modified proteins integrated into the plasma membranes of a variety of mammalian cells and were internalized and directed to recycling endosomes similarly to GFP bearing a native GPI anchor. The GPI-protein analogs also diffused freely in cellular membranes. However, changes in the glycan structure significantly affected membrane mobility, with the loss of monosaccharide units correlating to decreased diffusion. Thus, this cellular system provides a platform for dissecting the contributions of various GPI anchor components to their biological function. C1 [Paulick, Margot G.; Forstner, Martin B.; Groves, Jay T.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci & Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Forstner, Martin/A-8903-2008 OI Forstner, Martin/0000-0003-0413-8659 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59907, R01 GM059907] NR 48 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 51 BP 20332 EP 20337 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710139104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244SG UT WOS:000251885000034 PM 18077333 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Kim, MG Yoo, BY Myung, NV Maeng, JS Lee, T Dohnalkova, AC Fredrickson, JK Sadowsky, MJ Hur, HG AF Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, Min-Gyu Yoo, Bongyoung Myung, Nosang V. Maeng, Jongsun Lee, Takhee Dohnalkova, Alice C. Fredrickson, James K. Sadowsky, Michael J. Hur, Hor-Gil TI Biogenic formation of photoactive arsenic-sulfide nanotubes by Shewanella sp strain HN-41 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; NANOWIRES; MINERALS; BACTERIA; AURIPIGMENTUM; AS2S3 AB Microorganisms facilitate the formation of a wide range of minerals that have unique physical and chemical properties as well as morphologies that are not produced by abiotic processes. Here, we report the production of an extensive extracellular network of filamentous, arsenic-sulfide (As-S) nanotubes (20-100 nm in diameter by approximate to 30 mu m in length) by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella sp. HN-41. The As-S nanotubes, formed via the reduction of As(V) and S2O32-, were initially amorphous As2S3 but evolved with increasing incubation time toward polycrystalline phases of the chalcogenide minerals realgar (ASS) and duranusite (As4S). Upon maturation, the As-S nanotubes behaved as metals and semiconductors in terms of their electrical and photoconductive proper-ties, respectively. The As-S nanotubes produced by Shewanella may provide useful materials for novel nano- and opto-electronic devices. C1 [Lee, Ji-Hoon; Hur, Hor-Gil] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Int Environm Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Maeng, Jongsun; Lee, Takhee] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Kim, Min-Gyu] Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Yoo, Bongyoung; Myung, Nosang V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dohnalkova, Alice C.; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hur, HG (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Int Environm Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM hghur@gist.ac.kr RI Kim, Min-Gyu/D-8949-2013; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Kim, Min-Gyu/0000-0002-2366-6898; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 37 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 44 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 51 BP 20410 EP 20415 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707595104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244SG UT WOS:000251885000047 PM 18077394 ER PT J AU Piris, J Kopidakis, N Olson, DC Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS Rumbles, G AF Piris, Jorge Kopidakis, Nikos Olson, Dana C. Shaheen, Sean E. Ginley, David S. Rumbles, Garry TI The locus of free charge-carrier generation in solution-cast Zn1-xMgxO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Bilayers for photovoltaic applications SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; RESOLVED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; CONTACTLESS DETERMINATION; BULK HETEROJUNCTION; SEPARATION EFFICIENCY; CONJUGATED POLYMER; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; VINYLENE POLYMER; TIO2 AB The photoconductivity of solution-cast Zn1-xMgxO (x=0-0.4) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films, and Zn1-xMgxO/ P3HT bilayers is investigated using Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) with the aim of determining the locus of free charge carrier generation in the bilayer system. The photoconductivity of Zn1-xMgxO thin films, under illumination with 300 nm laser pulses, is limited by the formation of stable excitons and by scattering of the carriers at grain boundaries. The electron mobility in Zn1-xMgxO films decreases exponentially with Mg concentration, up to x=0.4. In agreement with previous work, free carriers are observed in the P3HT film under illumination with 500 nm pulses in the absence of an acceptor. Under illumination with 500 nm pulses, where only the polymer absorbs, the TRMC signal for the Zn1-xMgxO/P3HT bilayers for x >= 0.2 is the same as that of pure P3HT, indicating that free carrier generation in these bilayers occurs predominately by exciton dissociation in the polymer bulk, and not at the interface between the polymer and the solution-cast oxide. At lower Mg concentrations (x<0.2) the TRMC signal increases with decreasing x following the dependence of the electron mobility in the oxide but its light intensity dependence remains consistent with free carrier generation in the polymer bulk. To explain these results and previously published photovoltaic device data (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 77, 264) we propose that free carrier generation in the bilayers predominantly occurs in the bulk of P3HT, and is followed by electron injection to the oxide to yield photocurrent in photovoltaic cells. The dependence of the TRMC signal of the bilayers on Mg concentration is explained in terms of the yield for free carrier generation in the polymer and the relative contributions of electrons in the oxide and holes in the polymer. C1 [Piris, Jorge; Kopidakis, Nikos; Olson, Dana C.; Shaheen, Sean E.; Ginley, David S.; Rumbles, Garry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kopidakis, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Mail Stop 3216,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM nikos_kopidakis@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 35 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3849 EP 3857 DI 10.1002/adfm.200700305 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 243XQ UT WOS:000251831000020 ER PT J AU He, JB Wang, JY Xu, J Tangirala, R Shin, D Russell, TP Li, XF Wang, J AF He, Jinbo Wang, Jia-Yu Xu, Ji Tangirala, Ravisubhash Shin, Dongseok Russell, Thomas P. Li, Xuefa Wang, Jin TI On the influence of ion incorporation in thin films of block copolymers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICRODOMAIN; TEMPLATES; MIXTURES; POLYMERS; PATTERNS; SURFACES; BLENDS AB The incorporation of a small amount of salt in a block copolymer leads to strong modifications or the interfacial interactions, causing the microdomains to orient perpendicular to the surface during solvent evaporation. This approach can be used to prepare hexagonally ordered cylindrical arrays with high aspect ratios over large areas. [GRAPHICS] C1 [He, Jinbo; Wang, Jia-Yu; Xu, Ji; Tangirala, Ravisubhash; Shin, Dongseok; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Li, Xuefa; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM russell@mail.pse.umass.edu RI He, Jinbo/B-1445-2010; Wang, Jiayu/A-5416-2010 OI Wang, Jiayu/0000-0002-9743-933X NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 BP 4370 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200602877 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 253II UT WOS:000252511500013 ER PT J AU Ashby, PD AF Ashby, Paul D. TI Gentle imaging of soft materials in solution with amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy: Q control and thermal noise SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TAPPING MODE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANES; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS AB Increasing the effective Q factor using feedback (Q control) decreases tip-sample interaction forces for amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy. However, the feedback loop amplifies thermal noise compromising the signal to noise ratio. Simulations, which include thermal excitations, reveal that average tip-sample forces scaled for signal to noise ratio remain roughly unchanged as Q factor changes for intrinsically low Q environments such as liquids. Furthermore, increased Q causes the tip-sample interaction to become sporadic and hinders consistent imaging. Thus, it is preferable to image with small amplitudes instead of higher effective Q factor. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ashby, Paul D.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ashby, PD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pdashby@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 254102 DI 10.1063/1.2824576 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100108 ER PT J AU Elam, JW Pellin, MJ Elliott, SD Zydor, A Faia, MC Hupp, JT AF Elam, J. W. Pellin, M. J. Elliott, S. D. Zydor, A. Faia, M. C. Hupp, J. T. TI Mechanism for zirconium oxide atomic layer deposition using bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)methoxymethyl zirconium SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRECURSORS; GROWTH; SILICON; WATER; HFO2; ZRO2 AB The mechanism for zirconium oxide atomic layer deposition using bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)methoxymethyl zirconium and H(2)O was examined using ab initio calculations of hydrolysis energies to predict the order of ligand loss. These predictions were tested using in situ mass spectrometric measurements which revealed that the methyl ligand, and 65% of the methylcyclopentadienyl ligands are lost during the zirconium precursor adsorption. The remaining 35% of the methylcyclopentadienyl ligands and the methoxy ligand are lost during the subsequent H(2)O exposure. These measurements agree very well with the predictions, demonstrating that thermodynamic calculations are a simple and accurate predictor for the reactivities of these compounds. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Elam, J. W.; Pellin, M. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Elliott, S. D.; Zydor, A.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland. [Faia, M. C.; Hupp, J. T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Elam, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jelam@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Elliott, Simon/F-9206-2012; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Elliott, Simon/0000-0001-5573-5694; Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 253123 DI 10.1063/1.2824814 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100090 ER PT J AU Hao, Z Martin, MC Harteneck, B Cabrini, S Anderson, EH AF Hao, Zhao Martin, Michael C. Harteneck, Bruce Cabrini, Stefano Anderson, Erik H. TI Negative index of refraction observed in a single layer of closed ring magnetic dipole resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAMATERIALS; PERMEABILITY; FREQUENCIES; RESONANCE AB We report the results of a spectroscopic study of a single layer of metallic single closed ring resonators on freestanding thin membrane at near normal and grazing angles of incidence. When the magnetic component of the light is perpendicular to the ring plane, we observe a negative index of refraction down to -1 around 150 THz, attributed to a strong magnetic dipolar resonance and a broad electric resonance in this metamaterial. We experimentally identify the different resonance modes and the spectral region of negative refractive index on a series of samples with different feature and lattice sizes, comparing to electromagnetic simulations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hao, Zhao; Martin, Michael C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harteneck, Bruce; Cabrini, Stefano] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Anderson, Erik H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hao, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zhao@lbl.gov; mcmartin@lbl.gov RI Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 253119 DI 10.1063/1.2825468 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100086 ER PT J AU Henini, M Ibanez, J Schmidbauer, M Shafi, M Novikov, SV Turyanska, L Molina, SI Sales, DL Chisholm, MF Misiewicz, J AF Henini, M. Ibanez, J. Schmidbauer, M. Shafi, M. Novikov, S. V. Turyanska, L. Molina, S. I. Sales, D. L. Chisholm, M. F. Misiewicz, J. TI Molecular beam epitaxy of GaBiAs on (311)B GaAs substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; GAAS1-XBIX AB We report the growth by molecular beam epitaxy of GaBi(x)As(1-x) epilayers on (311)B GaAs substrates. We use high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD), transmission electron microscopy, and Z-contrast imaging to characterize the structural properties of the as-grown material. We find that the incorporation of Bi into the GaBiAs alloy, as determined by HRXRD, is sizably larger in the (311)B epilayers than in (001) epilayers, giving rise to reduced band-gap energies as obtained by optical transmission spectroscopy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Henini, M.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Ibanez, J.] CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Schmidbauer, M.] Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Shafi, M.; Novikov, S. V.; Turyanska, L.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Molina, S. I.; Sales, D. L.] Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Puerto Real 11510, Cadiz, Spain. [Chisholm, M. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Misiewicz, J.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Henini, M (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM mohamed.henini@nottingham.ac.uk RI Molina, Sergio/A-8241-2008; Henini, Mohamed/E-8520-2012; Ibanez-Insa, Jordi/F-6995-2014; Sales, David/K-9453-2014; OI Molina, Sergio/0000-0002-5221-2852; Henini, Mohamed/0000-0001-9414-8492; Ibanez-Insa, Jordi/0000-0002-8909-6541; Sales, David/0000-0001-6652-514X; Turyanska, Lyudmila/0000-0002-9552-6501 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 251909 DI 10.1063/1.2827181 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100031 ER PT J AU Li, YL Hu, SY Tenne, D Soukiassian, A Schlom, DG Chen, LQ Xi, XX Choi, KJ Eom, CB Saxena, A Lookman, T Jia, QX AF Li, Y. L. Hu, S. Y. Tenne, D. Soukiassian, A. Schlom, D. G. Chen, L. Q. Xi, X. X. Choi, K. J. Eom, C. B. Saxena, A. Lookman, T. Jia, Q. X. TI Interfacial coherency and ferroelectricity of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS; ENHANCEMENT; POLARIZATION; DEPOSITION AB We studied the phase transitions, domain morphologies, and polarizations in BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices grown on SrTiO3 substrates. Using the phase field approach, we discovered the remarkable influence of film/substrate interfacial coherency on the ferroelectricity of the SrTiO3 layers within a superlattice: it is an orthorhombic ferroelectric for an incoherent interface while it exhibits only induced polarization by the adjacent BaTiO3 layers for a coherent interface. We presented the domain morphologies within individual BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 layers which have different ferroelectric symmetries. The results are compared to ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy and variable temperature x-ray diffraction measurements. C1 [Li, Y. L.; Soukiassian, A.; Schlom, D. G.; Chen, L. Q.; Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hu, S. Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tenne, D.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Choi, K. J.; Eom, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM yil1@psu.edu RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Tenne, Dmitri/C-3294-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014; Choi, Kyoung Jin/D-6941-2013; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Choi, Kyoung Jin/N-4662-2013; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Tenne, Dmitri/0000-0003-2697-8958; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 252904 DI 10.1063/1.2823608 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100061 ER PT J AU Wen, SB Greif, R Russo, RE AF Wen, Sy-Bor Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard E. TI Background gas effects on the generation of nanopatterns on a pure silicon wafer with multiple femtosecond near field laser ablation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE AB Significant laser energy was transferred from the near field scanning optical microscope tip to a silicon wafer producing nanopatterns on the sample surface. The patterns changed from nanoprotrusions to nanocraters when the background gas was changed from air to argon. Two physical mechanisms were attributed to this dramatic change, namely, oxidation and laser ablation. When air was present, oxidation dominated over ablation in the formation of the nanoprotrusions obtained after multiple laser pulses. When oxygen was absent, e.g., pure argon was the background gas, laser ablation was dominant, and nanocraters resulted after multiple laser pulses. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wen, Sy-Bor] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Greif, Ralph] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM syborwen@tamu.edu NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 25 AR 251113 DI 10.1063/1.2827199 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245AZ UT WOS:000251908100013 ER PT J AU Hu, W Dedeo, S Vale, C AF Hu, Wayne DeDeo, Simon Vale, Chris TI Cluster mass estimators from CMB temperature and polarization lensing SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; GALAXY CLUSTERS; PROFILE AB Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich surveys are expected to return similar to 10(4) intermediate mass clusters at high redshift. Their average masses must be known to the same accuracy as desired for the dark energy properties. Internal to the surveys, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) potentially provides a source for lensing mass measurements whose distance is precisely known and behind all clusters. We develop statistical mass estimators from six quadratic combinations of CMB temperature and polarization fields that can simultaneously recover large-scale structure and cluster mass profiles. The performance of these estimators on idealized Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) clusters suggests that surveys with a similar to 1' beam and 10 mu K' noise in uncontaminated temperature maps can make a similar to 10 sigma detection, or equivalently a similar to 10% mass measurement for each 10(3) set of clusters. With internal or external acoustic scale E-polarization measurements, the ET cross-correlation estimator can provide a stringent test for contaminants on a first detection at similar to 1/3 the significance. For surveys that reach below 3 mu K', the EB cross-correlation estimator should provide the most precise measurements and potentially the strongest control over contaminants. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Particle Astrophys, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hu, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM whu@background.uchicago.edu NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 441 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/12/441 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248DC UT WOS:000252130700001 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB AF Halpern, M. B. TI The orbifolds of permutation-type as physical string systems at multiples of c=26: III. The spectra of(c)over-cap=52 strings SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY; ALGEBRA AB In the second paper of this series, I obtained the twisted BRST systems and extended physical-state conditions of all twisted open and closed (c) over cap =52 strings. In this paper, I supplement the extended physical-state conditions with the explicit form of the extended (twisted) Virasoro generators of all (c) over cap =52 strings, which allows us to discuss the physical spectra of these systems. Surprisingly, all the (c) over cap =52 spectra admit an equivalent description in terms of generically-unconventional Virasoro generators at c=26. This description strongly supports our prior conjecture that the = 52 strings are free of negative-norm states, and moreover shows that the spectra of some of the simpler cases are equivalent to those of ordinary untwisted open and closed c = 26 strings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM halpern@physics.berkeley.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 786 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.nuclpliysb.2007.08.001 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 231KP UT WOS:000250946000003 ER PT J AU Jacobs, G Ji, YY Davis, BH Cronauer, D Kropf, AJ Marshall, CL AF Jacobs, Gary Ji, Yaying Davis, Burtron H. Cronauer, Donald Kropf, A. Jeremy Marshall, Christopher L. TI Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Temperature programmed EXAFS/XANES investigation of the influence of support type, cobalt loading, and noble metal promoter addition to the reduction behavior of cobalt oxide particles SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; gas-to-liquids; cobalt (Co); cobalt oxide (CoO, Co3O4); reduction; TPR; TPR-EXAFS; TPR-XANES; multi-sample holder; noble metal promoters; platinum (Pt); alumina (Al2O3); silica (SiO2); metal support interaction ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; IN-SITU EXAFS; CO/AL2O3 CATALYSTS; DEACTIVATION MECHANISM; ALUMINA CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; K-EDGE; WATER; REDUCIBILITY; RHENIUM AB TPR-XANES/EXAFS carried out using a novel multi-sample holder provided key information for verifying the nature of the chemical transformations occurring during cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst activation in hydrogen. In the past, assumptions had to be made regarding the nature of the cobalt species present along the trajectory of a standard TPR experiment. The new technique directly provided insight into (a) the nature of the reduction process of cobalt oxide species and (b) the resulting cobalt crystallite size, as a function of the strength of the catalyst support interaction with the cobalt oxide species. A two-step reduction process involving Co3O4 to CoO and CoO to Co-0 transformations over standard calcined catalysts was observed and quantified over all catalysts exhibiting both weak interactions (e.g., Co/SiO2) and strong interactions (e.g., Co/Al2O3) with the support. Noble metal promoter (e.g., Pt) addition strongly improved the reducibility of cobalt oxide species, most likely via a H-2 dissociation and spillover mechanism. Increasing cobalt loading, on the other hand, led to a measurable, but lesser, improvement on reducibility, due to the larger resulting particle size that resulted in less surface contact with the support. Higher reduction temperatures were needed to effectively reduce cobalt oxide particles deposited on strongly interacting surfaces in comparison with unsupported Co3O4 or only weakly interacting supported cobalt catalyst. Nevertheless, despite lower extents of reduction, the smaller resulting Co particles on the more strongly interacting catalysts generally led to higher Co-0 active site densities. The addition of the noble metal promoter to strongly interacting supported catalyst significantly decreased the temperature required to reduce the cobalt oxides to Co-0 particles; this allows one to take advantage of the higher Co-0 surface areas arising from the combination of a smaller average Co-0 particle size and a higher extent of reduction. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacobs, Gary; Ji, Yaying; Davis, Burtron H.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Cronauer, Donald; Kropf, A. Jeremy; Marshall, Christopher L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davis, BH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM davis@caer.uky.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015; Jacobs, Gary/M-5349-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648; Jacobs, Gary/0000-0003-0691-6717 NR 44 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 12 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X EI 1873-3875 J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 333 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.07.027 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 318OG UT WOS:000257100900004 ER PT J AU Nunez-Sanchez, S Sema, R Petford-Long, AK Tanase, M AF Nunez-Sanchez, S. Sema, R. Petford-Long, A. K. Tanase, M. TI The role of the laser fluence on the Al2O3 target in the nanostructure and morphology of VOx : Al2O3 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Laser Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials held at the E-MRS 2007 Spring Meeting CY 2007 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE pulsed laser deposition; PLD; nanoparticles; vanadium oxide ID NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDES AB The role played by the laser fluence on the Al2O3 target when depositing VOx:Al2O3 nanocomposite thin films by alternate ablation from ceramic alumina (Al2O3) and metallic vanadium (V) targets in vacuum has been studied. The fluence and number of pulses on the V target to prepare the nanoparticles has been maintained constant, while the fluence used to grow the Al2O3 host has been varied from 1.3 to 3.9 J cm(-2). The optical properties of the films, namely in-situ reflectivity during growth and extinction coefficient, evidence that the properties of the nanoparticles change as a function of the laser fluence on the Al2O3 host. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows the formation of vanadium oxide nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 4.6 nm. Structural analysis of the nanoparticles shows that they are mainly crystalline. Phases of VOx with average [O]/[V] ratios from 1.7 to 2.2 have been identified with the most commonly observed being V3O5. This is in agreement with low heat of formation of this oxide. It is shown that the oxidation of the nanoparticles induced during the deposition of Al2O3 is very efficient since no metallic V nanoparticles are formed even for the lowest fluence used. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nunez-Sanchez, S.; Sema, R.] CSIC, Laser Proc Grp, Inst Opt, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Petford-Long, A. K.; Tanase, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nunez-Sanchez, S (reprint author), CSIC, Laser Proc Grp, Inst Opt, Serrano 21, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM nusa66@io.cfmac.csic.es RI Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014; Nunez-Sanchez, Sara/A-3796-2016; OI Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090; Nunez-Sanchez, Sara/0000-0002-5435-6892; Serna, Rosalia/0000-0002-7101-3947 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 4 BP 1316 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.191 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 250KT UT WOS:000252299500108 ER PT J AU Smith, D Ziebert, F Humphrey, D Duggan, C Steinbeck, M Zimmermann, W Kas, J AF Smith, D. Ziebert, F. Humphrey, D. Duggan, C. Steinbeck, M. Zimmermann, W. Kaes, J. TI Molecular motor-induced instabilities and cross linkers determine biopolymer organization SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACTIN-BASED MOTILITY; PATTERN-FORMATION; POLYMER NETWORKS; CELL BIOLOGY; MYOSIN; VISCOELASTICITY; FILAMENTS; DYNAMICS; DISORDER AB All eukaryotic cells rely on the active self-organization of protein. laments to form a responsive intracellular cytoskeleton. The necessity of motility and reaction to stimuli additionally requires pathways that quickly and reversibly change cytoskeletal organization. While thermally driven order-disorder transitions are, from the viewpoint of physics, the most obvious method for controlling states of organization, the timescales necessary for effective cellular dynamics would require temperatures exceeding the physiologically viable temperature range. We report a mechanism whereby the molecular motor myosin II can cause near-instantaneous order-disorder transitions in reconstituted cytoskeletal actin solutions. When motor-induced. lament sliding diminishes, the actin network structure rapidly and reversibly self-organizes into various assemblies. Addition of stable cross linkers was found to alter the architectures of ordered assemblies. These isothermal transitions between dynamic disorder and self-assembled ordered states illustrate that the interplay between passive crosslinking and molecular motor activity plays a substantial role in dynamic cellular organization. C1 Univ Leipzig, Inst Soft Matter Phys, Leipzig, Germany. Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX USA. Univ Bayreuth, Phys Inst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kas, J (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Soft Matter Phys, Leipzig, Germany. EM jkaes@physik.uni-leipzig.de RI Steinbeck, Matthias/B-1666-2008 NR 41 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 12 BP 4445 EP 4452 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.095919 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 236JB UT WOS:000251298100036 PM 17604319 ER PT J AU Nottingham, WT Jarratt, A Burgess, M Speck, CL Cheng, JF Prabhakar, S Rubin, EM Li, PS Sloane-Stanley, J Kong-A-San, J de Bruijn, MFTR AF Nottingham, Wade T. Jarratt, Andrew Burgess, Matthew Speck, Caroline L. Cheng, Jan-Fang Prabhakar, Shyarn Rubin, Eddy M. Li, Pik-Shan Sloane-Stanley, Jackie Kong-a-San, John de Bruijn, Marella F. T. R. TI Runx1-mediated hematopoietic stem-cell emergence is controlled by a Gata/Ets/SCL-regulated enhancer SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CORE-BINDING FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS; DORSAL AORTA; GENOMIC DNA; SCL; IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD; EXPRESSION; GATA-2 AB The transcription factor Runx1/AML1 is an important regulator of hematopoiesis and is critically required for the generation of the first definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the major vasculature of the mouse embryo. As a pivotal factor in HSC ontogeny, its transcriptional regulation is of high interest but is largely undefined. In this study, we used a combination of comparative genomics and chromatin analysis to identify a highly conserved 531-bp enhancer located at position + 23.5 in the first intron of the 224-kb mouse Runx1 gene. We show that this enhancer contributes to the early hematopoietic expression of Runx1. Transcription factor binding in vivo and analysis of the mutated enhancer in transient transgenic mouse embryos implicate Gata2 and Ets proteins as critical factors for its function. We also show that the SCL/Lmo2/Ldb-1 complex is recruited to the enhancer in vivo. Importantly, transplantation experiments demonstrate that the intronic Runx1 enhancer targets all definitive HSCs in the mouse embryo, suggesting that it functions as a crucial cis-regulatory element that integrates the Gata, Ets, and SCL transcriptional networks to initiate HSC generation. C1 [Nottingham, Wade T.; Jarratt, Andrew; Burgess, Matthew; Speck, Caroline L.; Li, Pik-Shan; Sloane-Stanley, Jackie; de Bruijn, Marella F. T. R.] John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC, Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. [Cheng, Jan-Fang; Prabhakar, Shyarn; Rubin, Eddy M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheng, Jan-Fang; Prabhakar, Shyarn; Rubin, Eddy M.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kong-a-San, John] Erasmus MC, Dept Cell Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP de Bruijn, MFTR (reprint author), John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC, Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. EM marella.debruijn@imm.ox.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [MC_U137970202]; NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066681, HL066681] NR 49 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 13 BP 4188 EP 4197 DI 10.1182/blood-2007-07-100883 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 246IR UT WOS:000252001200019 PM 17823307 ER PT J AU Czernik, S Evans, R French, R AF Czernik, Stefan Evans, Robert French, Richard TI Hydrogen from biomass-production by steam reforming of biomass pyrolysis oil SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hydrogen from Renewable Sources and Refinery Applications CY MAR 28-30, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Chem Soc DE biomass; bio-oil; steam reforming AB Thermo-conversion of biomass is one of the leading near-term options for renewable production of hydrogen and has the potential to provide a significant fraction of transportation fuel required in the future. We propose a two-step process that starts with fast pyrolysis of biomass, which generates high yields of a liquid product, bio-oil, followed by catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil to produce hydrogen. A major advantage of such a concept results from the fact that bio-oil is much easier and less expensive to transport than either biomass or hydrogen. Therefore, the processing of biomass and the production of hydrogen can be performed at separate locations, optimized with respect to feedstock supply and to hydrogen distribution infrastructure. This approach makes the process very well suited for both centralized and distributed hydrogen production. This work demonstrates reforming of bio-oil in a bench-scale fluidized bed system and provides hydrogen yields obtained using several commercial and custom-made catalysts. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Czernik, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Stefan_Czernik@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.08.071 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 239IO UT WOS:000251512200002 ER PT J AU Barreiro, JG Lonardelli, I Wenk, HR Dresen, G Rybacki, E Ren, Y Tome, CN AF Barreiro, J. Gomez Lonardelli, I. Wenk, H. R. Dresen, G. Rybacki, E. Ren, Y. Tome, C. N. TI Preferred orientation of anorthite deformed experimentally in Newtonian creep SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anorthite; crystallographic preferred orientation; texture; Newtonian creep; feldspar; torsion; anisotropy; rheology ID HARPER-DORN CREEP; ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS; STEADY-STATE FOLIATION; DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPARS AB Synthetic anorthite aggregates were deformed in a Paterson gas deformation apparatus at confining pressures up to 400 MPa in torsion and axial compression at temperatures between 950 degrees C and 1200 degrees C. Samples deformed in torsion under Newtonian creep display development of texture (or crystallographic preferred orientation) as documented with synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. Complex diffraction patterns were deconvoluted with the Rietveld method to obtain quantitative texture information. Torsion samples deformed up to shear strains of 4 and samples deformed in compression at higher stresses to total strains of 0.3 develop clear textures. Texture and shape preferred orientation (SPO) of torsion samples display a monoclinic pattern with an asymmetry inclined against the sense of shear, consistent with polycrystal plasticity simulations that assume the deformation is accomplished by dislocation glide. These results show that a material deforming in linear-viscous creep can develop a strong texture, in striking contrast to the paradigm that the presence of a texture precludes low-stress Newtonian behavior. Our observations show that the presence or absence of crystallographic preferred orientation is not sufficient to uniquely infer the dominant rheological/mechanical regime, as sometimes applied for interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the Earth. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barreiro, J. Gomez; Lonardelli, I.; Wenk, H. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lonardelli, I.] Univ Trento, I-38050 Trento, Italy. [Dresen, G.; Rybacki, E.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barreiro, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgomezbarreiro@berkeley.edu RI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/A-1661-2011; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 OI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/0000-0002-5031-3115; NR 100 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 264 IS 1-2 BP 188 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.018 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 244UM UT WOS:000251890800015 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Polasky, S AF Dale, Virginia H. Polasky, Stephen TI Measures of the effects of agricultural practices on ecosystem services SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; chemical; erosion; land use; ecosystem services ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; INDICATORS; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; EFFICIENCY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Agriculture produces more than just crops. Agricultural practices have environmental impacts that affect a wide range of ecosystem services, including water quality, pollination, nutrient cycling, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. In turn, ecosystem services affect agricultural productivity. Understanding the contribution of various agricultural practices to the range of ecosystem services would help inform choices about the most beneficial agricultural practices. To accomplish this, however, we must overcome a big challenge in measuring the impact of alternative agricultural practices on ecosystem services and of ecosystem services on agricultural production. A framework is presented in which such indicators can be interpreted as well as the criteria for selection of indicators. The relationship between agricultural practices and land-use change and erosion impact on chemical use is also discussed. Together these ideas form the basis for identifying useful indicators for quantifying the costs and benefits of agricultural systems for the range of ecosystem services interrelated to agriculture. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dale, Virginia H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dalevh@ornl.gov RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 68 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 17 U2 151 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 286 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 249XT UT WOS:000252264600006 ER PT J AU Marsili, E Beyenal, H Di Palma, L Merli, C Dohnalkova, A Amonette, JE Lewandowski, Z AF Marsili, Enrico Beyenal, Haluk Di Palma, Luca Merli, Carlo Dohnalkova, Alice Amonette, James E. Lewandowski, Zbigniew TI Uranium immobilization by sulfate-reducing biofilms grown on hematite, dolomite, and calcite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; U(VI) REDUCTION; BIOREMEDIATION; BIOREDUCTION; CARBONATE; BACTERIA; SORPTION; METAL; IRON; CONTAMINATION AB Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 were used to reduce dissolved U(VI) and subsequently immobilize U(IV) in the presence of uranium-complexing carbonates. The biofilms were grown in three identically operated fixed bed reactors, filled with three types of minerals: one noncarbonate-bearing mineral (hematite) and two carbonate-bearing minerals (calcite and dolomite). The source of carbonates in the reactors filled with calcite and dolomite were the minerals, while in the reactor filled with hematite it was a 10 mM carbonate buffer, pH 7.2, which we added to the growth medium. Our five-month study demonstrated that the sulfate-reducing biofilms grown in all reactors were able to immobilize/reduce uranium efficiently, despite the presence of uranium-complexing carbonates. C1 [Marsili, Enrico; Beyenal, Haluk; Lewandowski, Zbigniew] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beyenal, Haluk] Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Di Palma, Luca; Merli, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem Engn, Rome, Italy. [Dohnalkova, Alice; Amonette, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewandowski, Z (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ZL@erc.montana.edu RI Marsili, Enrico/A-8652-2008; Di Palma, Luca/F-1183-2011 OI Marsili, Enrico/0000-0003-3150-1564; Di Palma, Luca/0000-0003-4838-7227 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8349 EP 8354 DI 10.1021/es071335k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JB UT WOS:000251582800025 PM 18200862 ER PT J AU Hofmann, A Liang, L AF Hofmann, Annette Liang, Liyuan TI Mobilization of colloidal ferrihydrite particles in porous media - An inner-sphere complexation approach SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SILICA SAND SYSTEM; IRON-OXIDE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; SUBSURFACE COLLOIDS; MOBILE COLLOIDS; IONIC-STRENGTH; COASTAL-PLAIN AB Prediction of colloid release and transport as affected by reactive species remains a significant challenge for field applications. In this paper, we report experimental and modeling results of ferrihydrite colloid release under the influence of citrate species. Using a 3-plane surface complexation model, equilibrium constants were obtained for the three proposed inner-sphere complexes by fitting a citrate adsorption isotherm on ferrihydrite at pH 4, and a pH adsorption envelop with 0.64 mM citrate. The constants were used in a reactive transport model for simulating reaction fronts of dissolved species during injection of citrate in ferrihydrite-coated quartz columns. Simulation results show that sorption alone may not adequately describe the breakthrough curves. Inclusions of ferrihydrite dissolution and re-adsorption of Fe(111) improve the prediction of dissolved species transport. Additionally, matrix diffusion may be needed for improved prediction. For the release of colloidal iron oxides it was shown that both oxide dissolution and interfacial repulsion controlled the process during complete breakthrough. However, the peak release of colloids, which occurred during the actual breakthrough of dissolved species, was mainly brought about by electric double layer forces. These particles underwent detachment-deposition-detachment cycles along the flow path, and emerged in the effluent with the major reaction front. To quantitatively predict colloid release, a semi-empirical linear correlation was established, linking the calculated electric potential to experimental colloid release rates. The model may be applied to the prediction and scaling of aquifer remediation studies involved in the injection of organic ligands to mobilize particle bound contaminants. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hofmann, Annette] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Dept Earth Sci, CNRS 8110, UMR,DBDS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Liang, Liyuan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hofmann, A (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Dept Earth Sci, CNRS 8110, UMR,DBDS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM annette.hofmann@univ-lille.fr; liangl@oml.gov RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 24 BP 5847 EP 5861 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.050 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 242ET UT WOS:000251708000001 ER PT J AU Perry, TD Cygan, RT Mitchell, R AF Perry, Thomas D. Cygan, Randall T. Mitchell, Ralph TI Molecular models of a hydrated calcite mineral surface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FREE-ENERGY; CARBONATE MINERALS; POLYMORPHS CALCITE; SOLUTION INTERFACE; FORCE-FIELD; IN-SITU; WATER AB Hydrated mineral surfaces play an important role in many processes in biological, geological, and industrial applications. An energy force field was developed for molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated carbonate minerals and was applied to investigate the behavior of water on the (10 (1) over bar4) calcite surface. The force field is a significant development for large-scale molecular simulations of these systems, and provides good agreement with experimental and previous modeling results. Simulations indicate that water molecules are significantly ordered near the calcite surface. The predominant surface configuration (75-80%) results from coordination of a water molecule with a single calcium cation-carbonate anion pair, while the less common situation involves water coordination with two ion pairs. Surface restructuring and variation in coordination in the water layers results in distinct distances for water oxygens above the calcite surface-a two-component first monolayer (2.3 and 3.0 angstrom) and a secondary monolayer (5.0 angstrom). The different coordinations also alter lateral displacement, hydrogen bonding, and surface-normal orientation of the water molecules. The ordering of water molecules and the formation of a unique hydrogen bonding network at the calcite surface influence the physical properties of the interfacial water. Surface exchange of water molecules is observed by molecular dynamics simulation to occur at a rate of one exchange per 10 ps. Diffusion coefficients derived from mean square displacement analysis of atomic trajectories indicate a dependence of water transport based on the distance of the water molecules from the calcite surface. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, Thomas D.; Mitchell, Ralph] Harvard Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cygan, Randall T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Perry, TD (reprint author), Harvard Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tperry@seas.harvard.edu NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 24 BP 5876 EP 5887 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.08.030 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 242ET UT WOS:000251708000003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Jones, RE Boyce, BL AF Nguyen, T. D. Jones, R. E. Boyce, B. L. TI Modeling the anisotropic finite-deformation viscoelastic behavior of soft fiber-reinforced composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; orthotropic; viscoelasticity; fiber-reinforced composites; soft tissues; soft composites ID CONSTITUTIVE LAW; CONTINUUM FORMULATION; CONNECTIVE TISSUES; ELASTIC-MATERIALS; RUBBER; REPRESENTATIONS; EQUATIONS; SOLIDS AB This paper presents constitutive models for the anisotropic, finite-deformation viscoelastic behavior of soft fiber-reinforced composites. An essential assumption of the models is that both the fiber reinforcements and matrix can exhibit distinct time-dependent behavior. As such, the constitutive formulation attributes a different viscous stretch measure and free energy density to the matrix and fiber phases. Separate flow rules are specified for the matrix and the individual fiber families. The flow rules for the fiber families then are combined to give an anisotropic flow rule for the fiber phase. This is in contrast to many current inelastic models for soft fiber-reinforced composites which specify evolution equations directly at the composite level. The approach presented here allows key model parameters of the composite to be related to the properties of the matrix and fiber constituents and to the fiber arrangement. An efficient algorithm is developed for the implementation of the constitutive models in a finite-element framework, and examples are presented examining the effects of the viscoelastic behavior of the matrix and fiber phases on the time-dependent response of the composite. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nguyen, T. D.; Jones, R. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Boyce, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM Vicky.Nguyen@jhu.edu RI Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 25-26 BP 8366 EP 8389 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.06.020 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 243DP UT WOS:000251775400018 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Han, WQ Lewis, LH AF Ding, Y. Han, W. -Q. Lewis, L. H. TI Enhanced magnetism in fe-doped TiO(2) anatase nanorods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; THIN-FILMS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; OXIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHASES; SYSTEM; RUTILE AB Simultaneous high-Curie temperature (T(C)) ferromagnetism and enhanced temperature-independent paramagnetism (chi(TIP)) is quantified in TiO(2) anatase nanorods doped with nominal 0.5 at % Fe synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The nanorod dimensions are 8-35 nm in width and several hundred nanometers in length and possess an Fe concentration of 0.3-1.0 at %; no evidence of pure iron nanoparticles is detected. Magnetometry shows ferromagnetism at low fields that transitions to paramagnetism at higher fields with an enhanced temperature-independent susceptibility >100 times that of pure bulk anatase TiO(2). The enhanced magnetism is tentatively attributed to the defect structure of the nanorods. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ding, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Han, W. -Q.; Lewis, L. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lhlewis@coe.neu.edu RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 12 AR 123902 DI 10.1063/1.2825043 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DL UT WOS:000251987600047 ER PT J AU Macek, RJ Assadi, S Byrd, JM Deibele, CE Henderson, SD Lee, SY McCrady, RC Pivi, MFT Plum, MA Walbridge, SB Zaugg, TJ AF Macek, R. J. Assadi, S. Byrd, J. M. Deibele, C. E. Henderson, S. D. Lee, S. Y. McCrady, R. C. Pivi, M. F. T. Plum, M. A. Walbridge, S. B. Zaugg, T. J. TI Active damping of the e-p instability at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PSR AB A prototype of an analog, transverse (vertical) feedback system for active damping of the two-stream (e-p) instability has been developed and successfully tested at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR). This system was able to improve the instability threshold by approximately 30% (as measured by the change in RF buncher voltage at instability threshold). The feedback system configuration, setup procedures, and optimization of performance are described. Results of several experimental tests of system performance are presented including observations of instability threshold improvement and grow-damp experiments, which yield estimates of instability growth and damping rates. A major effort was undertaken to identify and study several factors limiting system performance. Evidence obtained from these tests suggests that performance of the prototype was limited by higher instability growth rates arising from beam leakage into the gap at lower RF buncher voltage and the onset of instability in the horizontal plane, which had no feedback. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Macek, R. J.; McCrady, R. C.; Zaugg, T. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Assadi, S.; Deibele, C. E.; Henderson, S. D.; Plum, M. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Byrd, J. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, S. Y.; Walbridge, S. B.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Pivi, M. F. T.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Macek, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM macek@lanl.gov OI Macek, Robert/0000-0003-3196-0533 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 12 AR 124904 DI 10.1063/1.2825624 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DL UT WOS:000251987600078 ER PT J AU Timpe, SJ Komvopoulos, K Dugger, MT AF Timpe, S. J. Komvopoulos, K. Dugger, M. T. TI Microscale friction phenomena in oscillatory sliding contacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATIC FRICTION; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; ATOMIC-SCALE; SURFACE ENERGY; WEAR; ADHESION; NANOTRIBOLOGY; LUBRICATION; INTERFACES; DEVICES AB Microscale friction phenomena encountered in oscillatory sliding contacts were examined with a special reciprocating surface micromachine. Variations in static and dynamic friction forces were tracked in situ throughout testing under controlled loading and environmental conditions. Stick-slip surface interactions emerged at high numbers of sliding cycles. An unexpected binary friction behavior occurred as sliding transitioned between two-body and three-body conditions due to the formation of fine wear particles. The dominant friction mechanisms arising at the asperity scale are interpreted in the context of temporal evolutions of the static and dynamic friction forces and the decrease of the static and dynamic operational safety factors with accumulating sliding cycles. An important finding is that oscillating microdevices tend to fail in static friction mode rather than in dynamic friction mode. The results of this study illustrate the important role of microscale stick-slip phenomena in high-speed oscillatory microcontacts and the need for developing dynamic friction theories applicable at the microscale. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Timpe, S. J.; Komvopoulos, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dugger, M. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Komvopoulos, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kyriakos@me.berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 12 AR 123503 DI 10.1063/1.2818039 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DL UT WOS:000251987600024 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Keppens, V Egami, T AF Zhang, Zhiying Keppens, Veerle Egami, Takeshi TI A simple model to predict the temperature dependence of elastic moduli of bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ANELASTICITY; FRAGILITY AB We report a simple model to predict the temperature dependence of elastic moduli of bulk metallic glasses from room temperature measurements, using the Varshni equation and the basic assumption that between absolute zero and the melting point, the shear and bulk moduli change, respectively, by 45% and 22%. This model has been tested using experimental data obtained on a large variety of bulk metallic glasses, and the predicted values are found to be in very good agreement with the experimental results. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zhang, Zhiying; Keppens, Veerle; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Keppens, Veerle; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keppens, V (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vkeppens@utk.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 12 AR 123508 DI 10.1063/1.2818046 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DL UT WOS:000251987600029 ER PT J AU Snow, D Weeks, BL Kim, DJ Loui, A Hart, BR Hope-Weeks, LJ AF Snow, David Weeks, Brandon L. Kim, Dae Jung Loui, Albert Hart, Bradley R. Hope-Weeks, Louisa J. TI Static deflection measurements of cantilever arrays reveal polymer film expansion and contraction SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MENIS; cantilever; spring constant; surface stress; polymer elasticity; Frenkel-Flory-Rehner ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SURFACE STRESS; RESONANCE-FREQUENCY; SPRING CONSTANTS; SENSOR; WATER; BLENDS; GOLD; TOOL AB An optical static method of detection is used to interpret surface stress induced bending related to cantilevers coated on one side with poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate), and poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate), or respectively, PVA, PVB, and PVC, and exposed to various solvent vapors. Results indicate that the adsorption and surface interactions of the different solvent vapors that cause polymer swelling and shrinking lead to rearrangements, which have been shown to change the elastic properties of the polymer film, and subsequently, the spring constant of the polymer coated cantilever. Static deflection measurements allow the direction of cantilever bending to be determined, which adds a new dimension of usefulness for surface functionalized cantilevers as transducers in the development of novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hope-Weeks, LJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM louisa.hope-weeks@ttu.edu RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 2 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.050 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 231ZK UT WOS:000250987500057 PM 17904571 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Bieker, JM Thoma, SG Trudell, DE AF Nyman, May Bieker, Jill M. Thoma, Steven G. Trudell, Daniel E. TI Investigation of inorganic cluster-surfactant flocculants for virion sequestration and removal from aqueous media SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyoxometalate; surfactant-enclosed clusters (SECs); aluminum tridecamer; virion sequestration; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR); water treatment; flocculants; dynamic light scattering (DLS) ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; KEGGIN-TYPE POLYOXOMETALATE; MICELLAR FLOCCULATION; ENCAPSULATED CLUSTERS; CHLORIDE COAGULANT; WATER-TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; VIRUS REMOVAL; ALUMINUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AB Anionic polyoxometalates or cationic aluminum clusters when combined with a surfactant of an opposite charge form hydrophobic precipitates that are approximately lamellar with alternating layers of interdigitated surfactant tails and inorganic clusters. The charged surfactant heads are associated with the inorganic cluster layers. When these phases self-assemble and precipitate from aqueous media spiked with a virus titer, either bovine enterovirus (BEV) or influenza A, the precipitates effectively sequester the virions via an enmeshment process. These studies were done via precipitation and filtration of the cluster-surfactant floc in the presence of the virus, followed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) analysis of the filtrate. Efficacy of these cluster-surfactant phases for virion sequestration is variable as a function of their solubility, the size of colloid formed in solution, and their degree of long-range order. Generally less soluble, poorly ordered precipitates that form the largest colloids are the most effective virion sequestering media. Cluster-surfactant phases were characterized in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS); and in the solid-state by powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 2 BP 968 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 231ZK UT WOS:000250987500089 PM 17888936 ER PT J AU Bondi, KS Gangopadhyay, AK Marine, Z Kim, TH Mukhopadhyay, A Goldman, AI Buhro, WE Kelton, KF AF Bondi, K. S. Gangopadhyay, A. K. Marine, Z. Kim, T. H. Mukhopadhyay, Anindita Goldman, A. I. Buhro, William E. Kelton, K. F. TI Effects of microalloying with 3d transition metals on glass formation in A1YFe alloys SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses; alloys; transition metals; crystallization; nucleation; synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; diffusion and transport; glass formation; glass transition; glasses; STEM/TEM; nano-composites; rare-earth in glasses; medium-range order; short-range order; calorimetry; thermodynamics; viscosity ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; SYSTEMS AB The effects of microalloying on glass formation and stability were systematically investigated by substituting 0.5 at.% of all 3d transition metals for Al in Al88Y7Fe5 alloys. X-ray diffraction and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that samples containing microadditions of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co were amorphous, while those alloyed with Ni and Cu were not. The onset temperatures for crystallization (devitrification) of the amorphous alloys were increased with microalloying and some showed a supercooled liquid region (Delta T-x = T-x - T-g) of up to 40 degrees C. In addition, microalloying changes the glass structure and the devitrification sequence, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and high energy X-ray diffraction. The results presented here suggest that the order induced in the alloy by the transition metal microaddition decreases the atomic mobility in the glass and raises the barrier for the nucleation of alpha-Al, the primary devitrifying phase in most cases. New intermetallic phases also appear with microalloying and vary for different transition metal additions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bondi, K. S.; Gangopadhyay, A. K.; Marine, Z.; Kim, T. H.; Kelton, K. F.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Anindita; Buhro, William E.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bondi, K. S.; Gangopadhyay, A. K.; Mukhopadhyay, Anindita; Buhro, William E.; Kelton, K. F.] Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Goldman, A. I.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bondi, KS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kspence@physics.wustl.edu RI Buhro, William/A-7682-2009 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 52-54 BP 4723 EP 4731 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.06.063 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 253JF UT WOS:000252513800015 ER PT J AU Wilding, M Badyal, Y Navrotsky, A AF Wilding, Martin Badyal, Yaspal Navrotsky, Alexandra TI The local environment of trivalent lanthanide ions in sodium silicate glasses: A neutron diffraction study using isotopic substitution SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction/scattering; Monte Carlo simulations; silicates; rare-earths in glasses; medium-range order; short-range order ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; DISILICATE GLASS; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; OXIDE GLASSES; OPPORTUNITIES; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; TITANIUM; CATIONS AB Neutron diffraction data on lanthanide-bearing sodium silicate glasses were collected using the glass, liquid and amorphous materials diffractometer (GLAD) at the intense pulsed neutron source (IPNS), Argonne. Measurements were made on four glass samples; a sodium silicate base glass with no added lanthanide, a sample with 6 mol% La2O3 added to the base composition, and two isotopically-distinct samples containing 6 mol% DY2O3. Of the Dy-bearing samples, one contained natural enrichment Dy, and the other a 'null scattering' mixture of natural and Dy-162 isotopes. The first-order isotope difference of the scattering from the Dy-bearing samples revealed a Dy-O nearest-neighbor distance of 2.3 angstrom and a mean coordination number of 5.9 oxygen atoms around each dysprosium ion; the latter is in good agreement with the coordination number derived from bond-valence theory. The results for the La-bearing glass were also consistent with a sixfold coordination of oxygen atoms around the rare earth. The diffraction data are used in combination with Reverse Monte Carlo modeling techniques to interpreter the structural role of the rare earth ions. From these models, it is apparent that there is competition between monovalent sodium ions and the rare earth ions for the same non-bridging oxygen atoms. As a result the addition of rare earth ions appears to cause disruption of the Na-rich percolation domains characteristic of the sodium silicate base glass. These neutron results are consistent with the formation of a specific lanthanide Q(3) as suggested by NMR and Raman spectroscopy, but offer no direct evidence for the formation of 'oxide-like' lanthanide clusters. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilding, Martin; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Badyal, Yaspal] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilding, M (reprint author), Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 52-54 BP 4792 EP 4800 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.06.071 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 253JF UT WOS:000252513800023 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Fan, C Morrison, ML Liaw, PK Egami, T AF Dmowski, W. Fan, C. Morrison, M. L. Liaw, P. K. Egami, T. TI Structural changes in bulk metallic glass after annealing below the glass-transition temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glasses; neutron diffraction; structural relaxation ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; AL-NI; RELAXATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY AB Small structural changes in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) following thermal treatment below the glass-transition temperature were observed. Zr-based BMG ingots with nominal compositions of Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10.0Ti5.0 (at.%) were isothermally annealed at 630 K for 10-60 min in vacuum and then cooled down. Structural relaxation was indicated by enthalpy evolution during differential scanning calorimetry and by changes in micro-hardness. Atomic structure was studied using time-of-flight neutron diffraction followed by a pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis. Observed changes in the PDF could not be explained by a "free volume" annealing, but were consistent with the elimination of short and long inter-atomic distances. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 261 Dougherty Eng Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 471 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.137 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 220PF UT WOS:000250168000019 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Chernobrod, BM Nguyen, DC Gorshkov, VN AF Berman, Gennady P. Bishop, Alan R. Chernobrod, Boris M. Nguyen, Dinh C. Gorshkov, Vyacheslav N. TI Suppression of intensity fluctuations in free space high-speed optical communication based on spectral encoding of a partially coherent beam SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN LASER-BEAMS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS; RANDOM-MEDIA; LIGHT-BEAM; PROPAGATION; MODEL AB A new concept of a free space, high-speed (Gbps) optical communication system based on spectral encoding of radiation from a broadband pulsed laser is developed. It is shown that, in combination with the use of partially coherent laser beams and a relatively slow photosensor, scintillations can be suppressed by orders of magnitude for distances of more than 10 km. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Simulat & Computat Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR & Accelerator Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev 39, Ukraine. RP Chernobrod, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Boris@lanl.gov RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015; OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649; Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 280 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.08.055 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233GC UT WOS:000251077400005 ER PT J AU Yellampalle, B Kim, K Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, Balakishore Kim, KiYong Taylor, Antoniette J. TI Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASHORT PULSES; PHASE AB We construct field shapes with distinct amplitude profiles that have nearly identical second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG) traces. Although such fields are not true mathematical ambiguities, they result in experimentally indistinguishable FROG traces. These fields are neither time-reversed copies nor pulselets with a mere relative phase difference, which are well known nontrivial ambiguities for SHG FROG. We also show that for certain example fields, second-order interferometric autocorrelation is more sensitive to the pulse shape than is SHG FROG. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Yellampalle, Balakishore; Kim, KiYong; Taylor, Antoniette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bolakishorey@gmail.com NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 24 BP 3558 EP 3560 DI 10.1364/OL.32.003558 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 254AA UT WOS:000252557500029 PM 18087541 ER PT J AU Miller, JC Hyman, JM AF Miller, Joel C. Hyman, James M. TI Effective vaccination strategies for realistic social networks SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pan-American-Scientific-Institute Conference on Disorder and Complexity CY DEC 11-20, 2006 CL Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA SP Pan Amer Sci Inst DE epidemic; network; vaccination strategy; PageRank ID INFLUENZA AB We consider the effectiveness of targeted vaccination at preventing the spread of infectious disease in a realistic social network. We compare vaccination strategies based on no information (random vaccination) to complete information (PageRank) about the network. The most effective strategy we find is to vaccinate those people with the most unvaccinated contacts. However, this strategy requires considerable information and computational effort which may not be practical. The next best strategies vaccinate people with many contacts who in turn have few contacts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Joel C.; Hyman, James M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Miller, Joel C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp MS B284, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jomiller@lanl.gov RI Miller, Joel/C-4229-2015 OI Miller, Joel/0000-0003-4426-0405 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 386 IS 2 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2007.08.054 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 272ET UT WOS:000253843400031 ER PT J AU Lang, DV AF Lang, David V. TI Recalling the origins of DLTS SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE DLTS; defects in semiconductors; history of science; transient capacitance ID CROSS-SECTIONS; OXYGEN DONOR; GAP; PHOTOCAPACITANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CAPACITANCE; DEEP; CAPTURE; CENTERS; CU AB This paper recalls the events leading up to the author's 1973 discovery of Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). It discusses the status of junction capacitance techniques in the late 1960s and points out why the typical capacitance instrumentation of that era would not have lead the author to the DLTS discovery. This discovery is discussed in the context of the novel NMR-inspired instrumentation used by the author to study fast capacitance transients of the ZnO center in GaP LEDs. Finally, the author makes some general comments about the innovation process. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lang, David V.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lang, David V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lang, DV (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dvl2l0l@columbia.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.102 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000003 ER PT J AU Fleming, RM Seager, CH Lang, DV Bielejec, E Campbell, JM AF Fleming, R. M. Seager, C. H. Lang, D. V. Bielejec, E. Campbell, J. M. TI Gain and defect bi-stability in radiation damaged silicon bipolar transistors SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE experiment; devices ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED SILICON; ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; DIVACANCY AB Following irradiation, the gain of silicon bipolar transistors can be improved by annealing at 350 K. We show that both the number of defects measured by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and the gain can be restored to the post irradiation state by injection of minority carriers. One can cycle between the post irradiation state and the 350 K annealed state by alternating minority carrier injection at 300 K with zero- or reverse-bias anneals at 350 K. The structure of the bistable defects is not known, but we observe that they affect capture kinetics into the shallow charge state of the silicon divacancy defect, V-2 (=/-). This suggests that the bistable defects are located within the neutron or ion damage cluster. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Fleming, R. M.; Seager, C. H.; Lang, D. V.; Bielejec, E.; Campbell, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmflemi@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000006 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Jones, KM Jiang, CS Wu, XZ Noufi, R Ai-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Yanfa Jones, K. M. Jiang, C. S. Wu, X. Z. Noufi, R. Ai-Jassim, M. M. TI Understanding the defect physics in polycrystalline photovoltaic materials SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE grain boundaries; photovoltaic; Si; CdTe; CuInSe2; electron microscopy; density-functional theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLAR-CELLS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION; SILICON; FILMS AB We use the combination of high-resolution electron microscopy and density-functional theory to study the atomic structure and electronic effects of structural defects, such as lamellar twins, stacking faults, and double-positioning twin boundaries in polycrystalline photovoltaic materials such as Si, CdTe, and CuInSe2. We find that individual lamellar twins and stacking faults do not create deep levels in all these materials. However, areas with high density of these defects can form buried wurtzite layers that introduce a barrier to the majority carriers. Double-positioning twin boundaries, which contain dislocation cores, create deep levels in Si and CdTe. Surprisingly, however, they do not create deep levels in CuInSe2. These results may explain the fact that Si and CdTe solar cells usually require special passivation, whereas CuInSe2 solar cells do not. Our further study on the passivation effects indicates that grain boundaries in Si cannot be passivated completely by H alone. On the other hand, grain boundaries in CdTe can be passivated well by Cl and I. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Yanfa; Jones, K. M.; Jiang, C. S.; Wu, X. Z.; Noufi, R.; Ai-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1917 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yanfa_yan@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.106 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000007 ER PT J AU Farshchi, R Ashby, PD Hwang, DJ Grigoropoulos, CP Chopdekar, RV Suzuki, Y Dubon, OD AF Farshchi, R. Ashby, P. D. Hwang, D. J. Grigoropoulos, C. P. Chopdekar, R. V. Suzuki, Y. Dubon, O. D. TI Hydrogen patterning of Ga1-xMnxAs for planar spintronics SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE magnetic semiconductors; hydrogen; laser processing; spintronics ID SEMICONDUCTORS; GAMNAS AB We demonstrate two patterning techniques based on hydrogen passivation of Ga1-xMnxAs to produce isolated ferromagnetically active regions embedded uniformly in a paramagnetic, insulating host. The first method consists of selective hydrogenation of Gal-,Mn,As by lithographic masking. Magnetotransport measurements of Hall-bars made in this manner display the characteristic properties of the hole-mediated ferromagnetic phase, which result from good pattern isolation. Arrays of Ga1-xMnxAs dots as small as 250nm across have been realized by this process. The second process consists of blanket hydrogenation of Ga1-xMnxAs followed by local reactivation using confined low-power pulsed-laser annealing. Conductance imaging reveals local electrical reactivation of micrometer-sized regions that accompanies the restoration of ferromagnetism. The spatial resolution achievable with this method can potentially reach <100 nm by employing near-field laser processing. The high spatial resolution attainable by hydrogenation patterning enables the development of systems with novel functionalities such as lateral spin-injection as well as the exploration of magnetization dynamics in individual and coupled structures made from this novel class of semiconductors. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Farshchi, R.; Hwang, D. J.; Grigoropoulos, C. P.; Chopdekar, R. V.; Suzuki, Y.; Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Farshchi, R.; Ashby, P. D.; Grigoropoulos, C. P.; Dubon, O. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Farshchi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 210 HMMB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfarshchi@berkeley.edu RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009 OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.208 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000106 ER PT J AU Stone, PR Beeman, JW Yu, KM Dubon, OD AF Stone, Peter R. Beeman, Jeffrey W. Yu, Kin M. Dubon, Oscar D. TI Tuning of ferromagnetism through anion substitution in Ga-Mn-pnictide ferromagnetic semiconductors SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE ferromagnetic semiconductors; gallium manganese arsenide; gallium manganese phosphide; magnetic anisotropy; metal-insulator transition ID MN)AS; (GA AB We have synthesized Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy and Ga1-xMnxP1-yNy by the combination of ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting. We find that the incorporation of isovalent impurities with smaller atomic radii leads to a realignment of the magnetic easy axis in Ga1-xMnxP1-yNy/GaP and Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy/GaAs thin films from in-plane to out-of-plane. This tensile-strain-induced magnetic anisotropy is reminiscent of that observed in Ga1-xMnxAs grown on larger lattice constant (In, Ga)As buffer layers indicating that the role of strain in determining magnetic anisotropy is fundamental to III-Mn-V materials. In addition, we observe a decrease in the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in Ga1-xMnxAs1-yPy with increasing y from 0 to 0.028. Such a decrease may result from localization of holes as the P/As ratio on the Group V sublattice increases. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stone, Peter R.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Yu, Kin M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubon, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 454 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.210 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000108 ER PT J AU Myers, SM Warnpler, WR Cooper, PJ King, DB AF Myers, S. M. Warnpler, W. R. Cooper, P. J. King, D. B. TI Modeling fast-transient defect evolution and carrier recombination in pulse-neutron-irradiated Si devices SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE silicon; defects; modeling; transistor ID CASCADES AB This work explores the feasibility of mechanistically modeling the transient behavior of defects and carriers in bipolar Si devices exposed to pulses of MeV neutrons. Our approach entails a detailed, finite-element treatment of the diffusion, field-drift, and reactions of well-established primal defects and reacted states, taking into account the localization of displacement damage within secondary cascades. The modeling captures a variety of the properties of pulse-neutron-irradiated transistors observed from electrical measurements and deep-level transient spectroscopy, using parameter values consistent with independently available information. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, S. M.; Warnpler, W. R.; Cooper, P. J.; King, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smmyers@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.002 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000113 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Fleming, RM Lang, DV Cooper, PJ Bielejec, E Campbell, JM AF Seager, C. H. Fleming, R. M. Lang, D. V. Cooper, P. J. Bielejec, E. Campbell, J. M. TI Effects of defect clustering in neutron irradiated silicon SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE experiment ID DIVACANCY AB In situations where defects are clustered and the number of defects within a cluster approaches the doping level, shallow defects states may be only partially filled in equilibrium. We have modeled both the equilibrium filling and the kinetic capture dynamics of the silicon divacancy, V-2, in neutron damaged silicon. A simple electrostatic model that assumes that V-2 defects have the same spatial distribution as a simulation of vacancy defects following neutron irradiation is able to account for the observed capture kinetics. This electrostatic model does not, however, explain the large V-2 asymmetry typical of neutron damaged silicon. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seager, C. H.; Fleming, R. M.; Lang, D. V.; Cooper, P. J.; Bielejec, E.; Campbell, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmflemi@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000117 ER PT J AU Thewalt, MLW Steger, M Yang, A Stavrias, N Cardona, M Riemann, H Abrosimov, NV Churbanov, MF Gusev, AV Bulanov, AD Kovalev, ID Kaliteevskii, AK Godisov, ON Becker, P Pohl, HJ Ager, JW Haller, EE AF Thewalt, M. L. W. Steger, M. Yang, A. Stavrias, N. Cardona, M. Riemann, H. Abrosimov, N. V. Churbanov, M. F. Gusev, A. V. Bulanov, A. D. Kovalev, I. D. Kaliteevskii, A. K. Godisov, O. N. Becker, P. Pohl, H. -J. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. TI Can highly enriched Si-28 reveal new things about old defects? SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE isotopes; group IV and compounds; experiment; spintronics ID TELLURIUM DONORS; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; SILICON; COPPER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SELENIUM; CENTERS; SULFUR; STATES; SI AB Recent studies have demonstrated remarkable improvements in the spectroscopy of shallow impurities by using highly enriched Si-28 to eliminate the inhomogeneous isotope broadening inherent in natural Si. Here, we show that similar dramatic improvements in the linewidths of electronic transitions of two well-known deep levels can be achieved in highly enriched 28 Si. New fine structure is revealed in the absorption spectrum of the Se double donor, and one of the transitions of Se+ becomes so sharp that a splitting due to a hyperfine coupling with the I = 1/2 nuclear spin is revealed for 77 Se+. Under an applied magnetic field, the electronic and nuclear spins can be individually determined leading to the possibility of applications in quantum computing. The photoluminescence transitions of the well-known 1014meV Cu-related luminescence center also sharpen dramatically in 28Si, allowing fine structure due to Cu isotope shifts to be resolved. Current models disagree as to whether this center contains one or two Cu atoms, but our results clearly demonstrate the involvement of four Cu atoms. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thewalt, M. L. W.; Steger, M.; Yang, A.; Stavrias, N.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Stavrias, N.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Cardona, M.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Riemann, H.; Abrosimov, N. V.] Inst Crystal Growth IKZ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Churbanov, M. F.; Gusev, A. V.; Bulanov, A. D.; Kovalev, I. D.] RAS, IChHPS, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. [Kaliteevskii, A. K.; Godisov, O. N.] Sci & Tech Ctr Centrotech, St Petersburg 198096, Russia. [Becker, P.] PhysTekn Bundenstanstalt Braunschweig, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Pohl, H. -J.] VITCON Projectconsult GmbH, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thewalt, MLW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM Thewalt@sfu.ca RI Thewalt, Michael/B-3534-2008; OI Thewalt, Michael/0000-0002-5806-0618; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.028 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000139 ER PT J AU Yang, A Steger, M Thewalt, MLW Cardona, M Riemann, H Abrosimov, NV Churbanov, MF Gusev, AV Bulanov, AD Kovalev, ID Kaliteevskii, AK Godisov, ON Becker, P Pohl, HJ Ager, JW Haller, EE AF Yang, A. Steger, M. Thewalt, M. L. W. Cardona, M. Riemann, H. Abrosimov, N. V. Churbanov, M. F. Gusev, A. V. Bulanov, A. D. Kovalev, I. D. Kaliteevskii, A. K. Godisov, O. N. Becker, P. Pohl, H. J. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. TI High resolution photoluminescence of sulphur- and copper-related isoelectronic bound excitons in highly enriched Si-28 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE isotopes; group IV and compounds; experiment ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON; DEFECT AB We present a study of excitons bound to sulphur- and copper-related isoelectronic centres in highly enriched Si-28. The S-related centre, which has been shown to have two configurations, S-A and S-B, was believed to consist of a substitutional sulphur atom paired with an interstitial copper atom. High resolution photoluminescence (PL) emissions from the no-phonon S-B(0) transition reveal fine structure not observable in natural silicon. In both Si-28:S-nat and Si-28:S-34, low temperature PL reveals at least 18 distinct components of the S-B(0) system, B including a triplet splitting seen in Si-nat:S-nat by optical detection of magnetic resonance. Investigation of the effect of copper isotopic composition on the S-B(0) system shows that the centre contains at least three copper atoms. We also present results of the copper isotope effect on the 943.7 meV *CuO00 system in Si-28 and show that three Cu atoms contribute to the Cu isotope shift of *CuO00. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, A.; Steger, M.; Thewalt, M. L. W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Cardona, M.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Riemann, H.; Abrosimov, N. V.] Inst Crystal Growth IKZ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Churbanov, M. F.; Gusev, A. V.; Bulanov, A. D.; Kovalev, I. D.] RAS, IChHPS, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. [Kaliteevskii, A. K.; Godisov, O. N.] Sci & Tech Ctr Centrotech, St Petersburg 198096, Russia. [Becker, P.] Phys Tekn Bundenstanstalt Braunschweig, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Pohl, H. J.] VITCON Projectconsult GmbH, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thewalt, MLW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM thewalt@sfu.ca RI Thewalt, Michael/B-3534-2008; OI Thewalt, Michael/0000-0002-5806-0618; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 593 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.029 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000140 ER PT J AU Steger, M Yang, A Thewalt, MLW Cardona, M Riemann, H Abrosimov, NV Churbanov, MF Gusev, AV Bulanov, AD Kovalev, ID Kaliteevskii, AK Godisov, ON Becker, P Pohl, HJ Ager, JW Haller, EE AF Steger, M. Yang, A. Thewalt, M. L. W. Cardona, M. Riemann, H. Abrosimov, N. V. Churbanov, M. F. Gusev, A. V. Bulanov, A. D. Kovalev, I. D. Kaliteevskii, A. K. Godisov, O. N. Becker, P. Pohl, H. -J. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. TI Impurity absorption spectroscopy of the deep double donor sulfur in isotopically enriched silicon SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE isotopically enriched silicon; sulfur; infrared absorption ID CENTERS; STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS; SELENIUM; SHIFT AB The chalcogen deep double donor sulfur (S) has been studied extensively with optical methods in natural silicon (Si-nat). Recently, it was shown that the spectroscopic linewidths of absorption transitions from shallow impurities like boron and phosphorus is limited by inhomogeneous broadening due to a Si isotope effect which is removed with the use of highly enriched Si-28. In this work we extend these results to deep centers and show that the true homogeneous linewidths of many transitions can only be revealed in isotopically enriched Si. The S+ 1s(T-2) Gamma(7) transition exhibits a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 0.008 cm(-1) in Si-28-more than one order of magnitude sharper than in Si-nat, and substantially narrower than the sharpest transitions of B and P in Si-28. Hence, it is the narrowest absorption line ever seen for impurity states in semiconductors. We also report dramatically narrower absorption transitions for the neutral So center, together with higher excited states than previously observed. The isotope shifts of S absorption transitions between natSi, Si-28 and Si-30 are also reported. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steger, M.; Yang, A.; Thewalt, M. L. W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Cardona, M.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Riemann, H.; Abrosimov, N. V.] Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Churbanov, M. F.; Gusev, A. V.; Bulanov, A. D.; Kovalev, I. D.] RAS, IChHPS, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. [Kaliteevskii, A. K.; Godisov, O. N.] Sci & Tech Ctr Centrotech, St Petersburg 198096, Russia. [Becker, P.] PTB Braunschweig, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Pohl, H. -J.] VITCON Projectconsult GmbH, Jena, Germany. [Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thewalt, MLW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM thewalt@sfu.ca RI Thewalt, Michael/B-3534-2008; OI Thewalt, Michael/0000-0002-5806-0618; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.031 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000142 ER PT J AU Kisielowski, C Bartel, TP Specht, P Chen, FR Shubina, TV AF Kisielowski, C. Bartel, T. P. Specht, P. Chen, F-R. Shubina, T. V. TI From extended defects and interfaces to point defects in three dimensions - The case of InxGa1-xN SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE InxGa1-xN; HRTEM; noise limits; indium precipitates; InN band gap ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUB-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; INGAN QUANTUM-WELLS; INN; STRAIN; BEAM; IMAGES; ENERGY AB The InxGa1-xN alloy system is used as an example to describe achievements and limitations that are given by noise levels in lattice images from transmission electron microscopes. Unlike many other experimental techniques, noise limits must be determined afresh from image to image since they vary with microscope performance, sample preparation, radiation damage if present, and operator skills. Both, the determination of the indium distribution in InxGa1-xN alloys by strain mapping and the detection of indium clusters in InN by imaging, are largely affected by noise limitations. As a result, it is challenging to probe for the distribution of indium atoms in alloys with x < 0.2 or x > 0.8, which is of importance if one aims at understanding the nucleation of indium atom clusters in GaN or InN. We present results that point towards cluster formation in quantum wells with x < 0.2 and show that photoluminescence at 0.5-0.7 eV relate to the presence of indium clusters in InN. A reliable detection of single indium atoms, however, will require further improvement of detection limits, which one can expect from the next generation of electron microscopes that are developed in DoE's TEAM Project. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kisielowski, C.; Bartel, T. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Specht, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, F-R.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Shubina, T. V.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM C.Kisielowski@lbl.gov RI Bartel, Til/C-1098-2008; Shubina, Tatiana/C-1132-2014 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.041 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000152 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Jones, RE Van Genuchten, HCM Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Liliental-Weber, Z. Jones, R. E. Van Genuchten, H. C. M. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. Lu, H. Schaff, W. J. TI TEM studies of as-grown, irradiated and annealed InN films SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE InN; transmission electron microscopy; annealing; irradiation; defects AB Transmission electron microscopy was applied to study structural changes of InN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on c-sapphire substrates with a GaN buffer layer. The films were studied as-grown and also following by rapid thermal annealing, irradiation with 2 MeV He+ ions, and annealing after irradiation. Defects formed after each procedure were discussed. The results of these studies show that randomly distributed extended defects, formed upon irradiation, can come to uniform distribution throughout the samples upon annealing. An irradiation by 2 MeV He+ ions followed by thermal annealing at 425 and 475 degrees C leads to the unusual increase of the electron mobility of these films. Annealing at 500 degrees C led to the formation of In clusters and delamination of the film from the substrates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liliental-Weber, Z.; Jones, R. E.; Van Genuchten, H. C. M.; Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.; Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jones, R. E.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaff, W. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM z_liliental-weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.042 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000153 ER PT J AU West, D Zhang, SB AF West, D. Zhang, S. B. TI Stochastically accelerated molecular dynamics: Application to 1-D SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE theoretical methods; modeling; accelerated dynamics; rare events; diffusion ID TIME-SCALE; SIMULATION AB In this work, we develop a method to accelerate molecular dynamics simulations by boosting the kinetic energy of an atom. Preliminary results have been obtained for several I-D potentials and show very good agreement with direct simulations. Furthermore, the speed-up factors are promising, over 10(2) (with T = 1000 K and E-c = 0.5eV). The formalism presented here should be equally applicable to the 3-D case. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [West, D.; Zhang, S. B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP West, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM damien_west@nrel.gov RI West, Damien/F-8616-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI West, Damien/0000-0002-4970-3968; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 674 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.09.049 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000160 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Misra, AK Lucey, PG Wiens, RC Clegg, SM AF Sharma, S. K. Misra, A. K. Lucey, P. G. Wiens, R. C. Clegg, S. M. TI Combined remote LIBS and Raman spectroscopy at 8.6 m of sulfur-containing minerals, and minerals coated with hematite or covered with basaltic dust SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Earth and Planetary Sciences (GEORAMAN 2006) CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Almunecar, SPAIN DE combined Raman and LIBS instrument; sulfur containing minerals; coating and dust on minerals; Mars surface ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; STAND-OFF DISTANCES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; PLANETARY SURFACES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; IN-SITU; MARS; EXPLORATION AB Combined remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy investigations at a distance of 8.6 m have been carried out in air and under a simulated Martian atmosphere of 933 Pa (7 Torr) CO2 on calcite (CaCO3) gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O), and elemental sulfur (S), and LIBS investigations on chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and pyrite (FeS2). Both Raman and LIBS techniques have also been used sequentially in air on hematite-coated calcite crystals and on a sample of anhydrite covered with basaltic dust. These experiments demonstrate that by using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG pulsed laser co-radiating 1064 nm and 532 nm laser beams with a 5 x beam expander, it is possible to measure simultaneously both the Raman and LIBS spectra of calcite, gypsum and elemental sulfur by adjusting the laser power electronically. The spectra of calcite, gypsum, and elemental sulfur contain fingerprint Raman lines; however, it was not possible to measure the remote Raman spectra of pyrite and chalcopyrite because of low intensities of Raman lines. In the cases of CuFeS2, FeS2, and elemental sulfur, S atomic emission lines in the LIBS spectra were detected only in 7 Torr of CO2 pressure and not in air. No S atomic emission lines were detected for gypsum in air or in CO2. In the case of coated/dusted minerals, it was possible to remove the coating or dust with the focused LIBS laser and measure the Raman spectra of subsurface minerals with a 532 nm laser excitation. The complementary nature of these two techniques is highlighted and discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharma, S. K.; Misra, A. K.; Lucey, P. G.] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sksharma@soest.hawaii.edu OI Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 NR 46 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 4 SI SI BP 1036 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2007.06.046 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 242ST UT WOS:000251747000005 PM 17723318 ER PT J AU Veal, BW Paulikas, AP Gleeson, B Hou, PY AF Veal, B. W. Paulikas, A. P. Gleeson, B. Hou, P. Y. TI Creep in alpha-Al(2)O3 thermally grown on beta-NiAl and NiAlPt alloys SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE NiAl; alumina; NiPtAl; strain; reactive element ID ALUMINA; DEFORMATION; SEGREGATION; STRESS; AL2O3; OXIDE AB We have measured creep relaxation in alpha-Al2O3, thermally grown on stoichiometric beta-NiAl, and on beta- and gamma'-phase alloys of Ni-Al-Pt at temperatures between 950-1100 degrees C. Creep was monitored using in-situ measurements of strain relaxation in the oxide following the sudden imposition of a stress. A stress was imposed by abruptly changing the sample temperature, exploiting the thermal expansion difference between oxide and substrate. The in-plane elastic strain was obtained using a sin(2)psi X-ray diffraction technique exploiting synchrotron radiation. For oxides grown on beta-NiAl and Ni-Al-Pt samples, we found that strain relaxation rates are comparable to those observed in fine gained alpha-Al2O3 bulk ceramics, when bulk results are extrapolated to the lower temperatures examined here. When Hf was added to the Ni-Al-Pt alloy, creep rates in the thermally grown oxide were substantially slowed. Creep rates at stress levels of 100 MPa, or less, are proportional to sigma", with n <= 2, consistent with a diffusional creep mechanism. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Veal, B. W.; Paulikas, A. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gleeson, B.] US DOE, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Gleeson, B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Hou, P. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. RP Veal, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM veal@anl.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.093 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900003 ER PT J AU Hou, PY Tolpygo, VK AF Hou, P. Y. Tolpygo, V. K. TI Examination of the platinum effect on the oxidation behavior of nickel-aluminide coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE NiAl; alumina; NiPtAl; sulfur; segregation; adhesion ID DIFFUSION COATINGS; SCALE ADHESION; SEGREGATION; SURFACE; FAILURE; (NI AB Oxidation resistant nickel-aluminide coatings are designed to develop a protective alumina scale during high temperature exposure. It is well established that platinum additions, typically about 6-8 at.%, provide substantial improvements in oxidation resistance of such coatings, yet the nature of 14 the platinum effect is still not fully understood. In this work, the oxidation behavior of two commercial NiAl and NiPtAl coatings deposited on the same Ni-base single crystal alloy CMSX4 was analyzed. Cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at 1150 degrees C in air. Microstructure development and alumina/coating interface chemistry were studied as a function of oxidation time. Numerous voids developed at the Al2O3/NiAl interface, and sulfur was found to segregate at the void surfaces and at the contact interface, leading to spallation of the scale over the convex areas along ridges on the coating surface. The presence of platinum prevented sulfur segregation and void formation at the Al2O3/NiPtAl interface. As a result, the Al2O3 scale on the NiPtAl coating remained adherent and virtually no spallation was observed even after prolonged cyclic oxidation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hou, P. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tolpygo, V. K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyhou@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.013 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900006 ER PT J AU Stacy, JP Zhang, Y Pint, BA Haynes, JA Hazel, BT Nagaraj, BA AF Stacy, J. P. Zhang, Y. Pint, B. A. Haynes, J. A. Hazel, B. T. Nagaraj, B. A. TI Synthesis and oxidation performance of Al-enriched gamma+gamma ' coatings on Ni-based superalloys via secondary aluminizing SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE gamma plus gamma ' two-phase coating; pack cementation; aluminizing; bond coat; oxidation ID CYCLIC OXIDATION; BOND COAT; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; OXIDE AB "Simple" Pt-enriched gamma + gamma' coatings (16-19 at.% Al) were fabricated on Rene 142 and single-crystal N5 Ni-based superalloys by electroplating a thin layer of Pt followed by a difftision treatment in vacuum at 1175 degrees C. By introducing a secondary short-term aluminizing step via pack cementation with NaCl activator, "enriched" gamma + gamma' coatings were achieved with an increased Al content (similar to 22 at.% Al). The changes in composition profiles between the simple and "enriched" gamma + gamma' coatings were discussed. Incorporation of reactive elements, such as Hf, into the gamma + gamma' coating during the aluminizing process also was explored. The cyclic oxidation performance of the "enriched" gamma + gamma' coatings was evaluated at 1100 degrees C. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stacy, J. P.; Zhang, Y.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Pint, B. A.; Haynes, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hazel, B. T.; Nagaraj, B. A.] GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Stacy, JP (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 115 W 10th St,Brown Hall Room 224, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jpstacy21@gmail.com; yzhang@tntech.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.053 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900008 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Zhang, Y Walker, LR Wright, IG AF Pint, B. A. Zhang, Y. Walker, L. R. Wright, I. G. TI Long-term performance of aluminide coatings on Fe-base alloys SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surf Engn Div DE aluminide coatings; Al(2)O(3); water vapor; high temperature oxidation; Fe-base alloys; chemical vapor deposition ID OXIDIZING-SULFIDIZING ENVIRONMENTS; RESISTANT STAINLESS-STEELS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION COATINGS; IRON ALUMINIDES; SCALE ADHESION; AL ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR AB Aluminide coatings made by chemical vapor deposition on ferritic (Fe-9Cr-1Mo) and austenitic (Type 304L) substrates are being evaluated in humid air at 650 degrees-800 degrees C. A humid air environment is used to identify coating failure during exposure, as uncoated substrates experience rapid oxidation at these temperatures. One goal of this work was to demonstrate the potential benefits and problems with alumina-forming coatings of two different thicknesses. The higher exposure temperatures were selected to accelerate the degradation of the coating by interdiffusion with the substrate. Another goal is to develop a lifetime model based on the results. The critical Al content of the coating at which failure occurs is a key parameter needed to complete the model, and a coating failure after similar to 10 kh at 700 degrees C provides some information. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pint, B. A.; Walker, L. R.; Wright, I. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Eng, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.046 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900009 ER PT J AU Haynes, JA Pint, BA Zhang, Y Wright, IG AF Haynes, J. A. Pint, B. A. Zhang, Y. Wright, I. G. TI Comparison of the cyclic oxidation behavior of beta-NiAl, beta-NiPtAl and gamma-gamma ' NiPtAl coatings on various superalloys SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE oxidation; aluminide; coating; platinum; TBC ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BOND COAT; ALUMINIDE COATINGS; SCALE ADHESION; PLATINUM; ALLOYS; SULFUR; AL2O3 AB The cyclic oxidation behavior of simple alummide and platinum aluminide coatings on various superalloy substrates was investigated at three temperatures. Coatings of beta-NiAl, beta-NiPtAl and Pt-modified gamma-gamma ' were tested and compared in dry oxygen at 1050, 1100 and 1150 degrees C. There was a clear influence of substrate sulfur content on the oxidation behavior of beta-NiAl coatings at all temperatures. The impact of substrate impurities, especially S content, was significantly reduced for beta-NiPtAl coatings at all temperatures. Simple Pt-modified gamma-gamma ' coatings showed excellent oxidation behavior up to 1100 degrees C on some alloys, but were more sensitive to substrate composition, especially Hf content, than were beta-NiPtAl coatings. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haynes, J. A.; Pint, B. A.; Wright, I. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM z15@oml.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 16 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 730 EP 734 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.039 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900026 ER PT J AU Ezirmik, V Senel, E Kazmanli, K Erdemir, A Urgen, M AF Ezirmik, V. Senel, E. Kazmanli, K. Erdemir, A. Urgen, M. TI Effect of copper addition on the temperature dependent reciprocating wear behaviour of CrN coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE CrN; Cr-N-O; CrN-Cu; nanocomposite coatings; temparature dependent tribological bahavior; Raman spectroscopy ID SUPERHARD NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION AB CrN-Cu nanocomposite coating was produced by hybrid method using both cathodic arc and magnetron sputtering PVD technique. Reciprocating wear behaviour of the coatings was investigated at room temperature, 50, 100 and 150 degrees C. The tribological behavior of copper doped CrN is compared with undoped coatings. The differences observed in the wear behavior are related to the character of the wear debris formed at the tribocontact regions which are characterized with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study showed that it is possible to design CrN coatings showing temperature independent wear behavior by introducing oxygen into their structure. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ezirmik, V.; Senel, E.; Kazmanli, K.; Urgen, M.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Erdemir, A.] Argonne Natl Labs, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL USA. RP Urgen, M (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM urgen@itu.edu.tr RI Urgen, Mustafa/D-5422-2014; Kazmanli, Kursat/O-2062-2013 OI Urgen, Mustafa/0000-0003-3549-0049; NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 866 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.049 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900049 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Hayes, JP AF Jankowski, Alan F. Hayes, Jeffrey P. TI Semi-empirical modeling of the sputter deposition of coatings onto spherical capsules SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE sputtering; deposition process; growth mechanism; modeling ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; TARGETS; DESIGN AB The sputter deposition of coatings onto spherical capsules is accomplished using a chambered substrate platform. Oxides and metal coatings are sputter deposited through a screen-aperture array onto a 0.3-1.2 mm diameter, solid spheres and hollow shells. Each capsule is individually chambered within a larger array. Ultrasonic vibration is used to produce a random bounce of each chambered capsule in order to produce a coating with uniform thickness. Characterization of aluminum-oxide coated, platinum solid spheres and copper-gold layer coated, hollow capsules indicate that uniform coatings can be produced using a screen-apertured chamber as the substrate platform. Potential advantages of this approach compared to open-bounce pans include improved sample yield and reduced surface roughness since exposure to debris is minimized. A semiempirical process model for the coating growth on the capsules is developed to assess selection of the screen aperture based on the sputtering parameters and the coating materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jankowski, Alan F.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Jankowski, Alan F.; Hayes, Jeffrey P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alan.jankowski@ttu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 904 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.076 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900055 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Go, J Hayes, JP AF Jankowski, Alan F. Go, Jackson Hayes, Jeffrey P. TI Thermal stability and mechanical behavior of ultra-fine bcc Ta and V coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE tantalum; vanadium; coatings; stress; hardness; diffusion ID GRAIN-GROWTH; TANTALUM; DIFFUSION; TITANIUM; ALUMINUM; VANADIUM; STRESS; FILMS AB Ultra-refined microstructures of both tantalum (Ta) and vanadium (V) are produced using electron-beam evaporation and magnetron sputtering deposition. The thermal stability of the micron-to-submicron grain size foils is examined to quantify the kinetics and activation energy of diffusion, as well as identify the temperature transition in dominant mechanism from grain boundary to lattice diffusion. The activation energies for boundary diffusion in Ta and V determined from grain growth are 0.3 and 0.2 eV atom(-1), respectively, versus lattice diffusion values of 4.3 and 3.2 eV atom(-1), respectively. The mechanical behavior, as characterized by strength and hardness, is found to inversely scale with square-root grain size according to the Hall-Petch relationship. The strength of Ta and V increases two-fold from 400 MPa, as the grain size decreases from 2 to 0.75 mu m. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jankowski, Alan F.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Go, Jackson; Hayes, Jeffrey P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alan.jankowski@ttu.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 957 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.042 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900065 ER PT J AU Basnyat, P Luster, B Kertzman, Z Stadler, S Kohli, P Aouadi, S Xu, J Mishra, SR Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Basnyat, P. Luster, B. Kertzman, Z. Stadler, S. Kohli, P. Aouadi, Samir Xu, J. Mishra, S. R. Eryilmaz, O. L. Erdemir, A. TI Mechanical and tribological properties of CrAlN-Ag self-lubricating films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE nanocomposites; nitrides; sputtering; nanoindentation; wear ID SUPERHARD NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; HARD COATINGS; WEAR BEHAVIOR; MO2N/AG NANOCOMPOSITE; CRN; MICROSTRUCTURE; FRICTION; GROWTH AB This paper reports on the investigation of the mechanical and tribological properties of reactively sputtered CrAlN-Ag nanocomposite films that were co-sputtered from three individual targets of Cr, Al, and Ag onto Si (111) and stainless steel SS-440C substrates. The deposition parameters included: power to the Cr and Al targets of P-Cr=200 Wand P-A1= 160 W; substrate temperature T=300 degrees C; substrate bias voltage V-b= -130 V; and, power to the Ag target P-Ag = 0 to 20 W. The elemental composition of the films was deduced from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Ag content was found to increase with the increase in PAg. The crystal structure and film architecture were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The films were found to consist of nanocrystals of Ag embedded in a solid solution of CrAlN with a pattern typical of the NaCl structure. The CrAlN grain size was found to decrease with increasing Ag content in the film. The hardness and elastic modulus of each sample were measured by nanoindentation. The hardness increased initially for a very small increase in Ag content (P-Ag = 5 W) and then decreased substantially with further increases in PAg. Finally, the coatings were rubbed against alumina balls using a ball-on-disk tribotester. Characterization of the wear tracks were performed by optical profilometry. A significant decrease in the friction and wear coefficients was achieved with CrAIN single and multi-phase films compared to the CrN-based counterpart. For example, a low ftiction coefficient of 0.23 and a wear rate of 3.0 x 10(-8) mm(3)/N m. were obtained when the silver content was in the 8% range. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Basnyat, P.; Luster, B.; Kertzman, Z.; Stadler, S.; Aouadi, Samir] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Xu, J.; Mishra, S. R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Eryilmaz, O. L.; Erdemir, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kohli, P.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Aouadi, S (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, 1245 Lincoln Dr,Neckers 483A, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu NR 26 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 4-7 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.05.088 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 240WM UT WOS:000251618900075 ER PT J AU Samavat, F Gladys, MJ Jenks, CJ Lograsso, TA King, BV O'Connor, DJ AF Samavat, F. Gladys, M. J. Jenks, C. J. Lograsso, T. A. King, B. V. O'Connor, D. J. TI Surface layer self diffusion in icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wagga Symposium on Surfaces and Interfaces CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Charles Stuart Univ, Wagga Wagga, AUSTRALIA HO Charles Stuart Univ DE diffusion; aluminum; palladium; manganese; quasicrystals; low energy ion scattering (LEIS); Al-Pd-Mn; metallic surfaces ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; IMPURITY DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE; NMR AB The self diffusion of Mn and Pd in a single grain icosahedral Al69.9Pd20.5Mn9.6 quasicrystal has been determined by low energy ion scattering (LEIS). The diffusion was determined by depositing different elements (Pd, Mn) on the surface and measuring the rate of change in surface composition as a function of temperature by LEIS. The surface composition was monitored over the temperature range of 355-575 K for Mn and 440-745 K for Pd and compared to model calculations to allow the activation energy for diffusion to be determined. Activation energies of 0.20 +/- 0.01 eV for Mn and 0.64 +/- 0.03 eV for Pd have then been measured for self diffusion in i-Al-Pd-Mn, respectively. No deviation from Arrhenius behavior was detected in the temperature range covered by the present experiments. From the low values of activation energy we propose that this range of diffusion is phason related, reflecting the specific nature of the icosahedral structure. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Samavat, F.; Gladys, M. J.; King, B. V.; O'Connor, D. J.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Samavat, F.] Bu Ali Sina Univ, Dept Phys, Hamadan, Iran. [Jenks, C. J.; Lograsso, T. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP O'Connor, DJ (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM john.oconnor@newcastle.edu.au RI OConnor, John/C-4336-2008; Gladys, Michael/C-4144-2011 OI OConnor, John/0000-0003-4427-7733; NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 24 BP 5678 EP 5682 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.043 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 245GI UT WOS:000251922700004 ER PT J AU King, RI Senanayake, SD Chong, SV Idriss, H AF King, R. I. Senanayake, S. D. Chong, S. V. Idriss, H. TI The reactions of acetone with the surfaces of uranium dioxide single crystal and thin film SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wagga Symposium on Surfaces and Interfaces CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Charles Stuart Univ, Wagga Wagga, AUSTRALIA HO Charles Stuart Univ DE acetone adsorption; UO2 (111) single crystal; UO2 thin film; valence band; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; temperature programmed desorption; oxygen defects; core level ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; OXIDE CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; FURAN FORMATION; GAS-PHASE; ACETALDEHYDE; CHEMISTRY; ETHANOL; TIO2 AB The reaction of acetone, as an example of a carbonyl compound, is studied over UO2 (111) single crystal and thin film surfaces. Over the stoichiometric single crystal surface, acetone is molecularly and weakly adsorbed with a computed activation energy for desorption in the range of 95-65 kJ/mol with pre-exponential factors between 10(11) and 10(13) s(-1). On the contrary, acetone reacts very strongly on the O-defected single crystal and thin film surfaces. In addition to total decomposition evidence of aldolization and cyclization reactions were seen. The thin film of UO2 was studied by synchrotron light, providing high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy in the core level, and high sensitivity in the both the core and valence band regions. The U5f line was considerably enhanced at grazing angle when compared to that obtained at normal angle for the O-defected surface, showing that the surface is more reduced than the next layers. The U4f lines indicated the presence of U cations in lower oxidation states than +4 for the O-defected surface. These lines were considerably attenuated upon adsorption of acetone.. due to surface oxidation by C=O bond dissociation. The reaction pathway for acetone on the O-defected surface is presented, and compared to that of the previously studied acetaldehyde molecule. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [King, R. I.; Idriss, H.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. [Senanayake, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chong, S. V.] Ind Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Idriss, H (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. EM h.idriss@auckland.ac.nz RI Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009 OI Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 24 BP 5690 EP 5700 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.071 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 245GI UT WOS:000251922700006 ER PT J AU Fleming, GJ Adib, K Rodriguez, JA Barteau, MA Idriss, H AF Fleming, G. J. Adib, K. Rodriguez, J. A. Barteau, M. A. Idriss, H. TI Proline adsorption on TiO2(110) single crystal surface: A study by high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Wagga Symposium on Surfaces and Interfaces CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Charles Stuart Univ, Wagga Wagga, AUSTRALIA HO Charles Stuart Univ DE TiO2(110) single crystal; proline adsorption; zwitterion; high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID AMINO-ACIDS; L-ALANINE; GLYCINE; CU(110); XPS; INTERFACE; CHIRALITY; FILMS; TIO2 AB The surface chemistry and binding Of DL-proline were investigated on the oxidised (stoichiometric) and reduced (sub-stoichiometric) TiO2(110) single crystal surfaces. TiO2 was chosen as the substrate as it best represents the surface of a biomedical implant, which bio-molecules interact with during the healing of bone/teeth fractures (molecular recognition). High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) studies of the Cls and Nls regions revealed that DL-proline is present in two forms (dissociated and zwitterionic) on the oxidised TiO2 surface. On TiO2(110) surfaces reduced by Ar+ sputtering, a significant increase in the amount of zwitterionic proline at the surface was detected when compared with the oxidised surface. Study of the temperature effect showed that in both cases the zwitterionic structure was the less stable structure. The reason for its relative instability appears to be thermodynamic. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fleming, G. J.; Idriss, H.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. [Adib, K.; Rodriguez, J. A.] Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Barteau, M. A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Idriss, H (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. EM h.idriss@auckland.ac.nz RI Barteau, Mark/A-4728-2008 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 24 BP 5726 EP 5731 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.074 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 245GI UT WOS:000251922700012 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Lin, YH AF Liu, Guodong Lin, Yuehe TI Nanomaterial labels in electrochemical immunosensors and immunoassays SO TALANTA LA English DT Review DE nanomaterials; nanoparticles; immunosensors; immunoassays; carbon nanotubes; biomarkers ID GOLD-NANOPARTICLE LABELS; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; LIPOSOME IMMUNOSENSOR; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; BIOASSAY LABELS; BIOSENSORS; PROTEINS; ELECTRODE AB This article reviews recent advances in nanomaterial labels in electrochemical immunosensors and immunoassays. Various nanomaterial labels are discussed, including colloidal gold/silver, semiconductor nanoparticles, and markers loaded nanocarriers (carbon nanotubes, apoferritin, silica nanoparticles, and liposome beads). The enormous signal enhancement associated with the use of nanomaterial labels and with the formation of nanomaterial-antibody-antigen assemblies provides the basis for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of disease-related protein biomarkers, biothreat agents, or infectious agents. In general, all endeavors cited here are geared to achieve one or more of the following goals: signal amplification by several orders of magnitude, lower detection limits, and detecting multiple targets. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Guodong] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, GD (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM guodong.liu@ndsu.edu; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U54 ES016015, U54 ES016015-010003, U54 ES016015-020003, U54 ES16015]; NINDS NIH HHS [U01 NS058161-03, U01 NS058161, U01 NS058161-01, U01 NS058161-02]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH008173, R01 OH008173-01] NR 74 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 6 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.10.014 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 249BP UT WOS:000252202100004 PM 18371644 ER PT J AU Lichtner, PC Kang, Q AF Lichtner, P. C. Kang, Q. TI Upscaling pore-scale reactive transport equations using a multiscale continuum formulation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; WEATHERING RATES; MASS-TRANSFER; DIFFUSION; MODEL; DISSOLUTION; GROWTH AB Reactive transport equations are solved at the pore scale using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, and the results are upscaled using volume averaging over a representative elemental volume and are fit to a multiscale continuum model. The multiscale continuum model accounts for local concentration gradients within diffusion-dominated matrix domains that are coupled to the primary continuum fluid. In general it is found that a multiscale continuum formulation is required to fit the upscaled pore-scale results. However, it is also demonstrated that in some cases, multiscale processes may be represented by a single-continuum model employing effective parameters that are not directly measurable. Provided that sufficient resolution of the pore-scale geometry can be obtained, the pore-scale model can be used to determine the most appropriate form of continuum formulation (single, dual, or multiple continua) that best fits the upscaled pore-scale simulation and, simultaneously, to provide parameters needed for constitutive relations appearing in the multiscale continuum formulation. It is suggested that a multiscale continuum approach may help explain the observed discrepancy between laboratory and field-derived reaction rates by explicitly representing distinct transport domains through separate interacting continua which could be responsible for the formation of preferential pathways. An example is presented on the basis of a multiscale, synthetic, structured porous medium describing transport of a tracer and linear reaction kinetics. C1 [Lichtner, P. C.; Kang, Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichtner, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 AR W12S15 DI 10.1029/2006WR005664 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 241ZK UT WOS:000251694100002 ER PT J AU Koonin, EV Makarova, KS Elkins, JG AF Koonin, Eugene V. Makarova, Kira S. Elkins, James G. TI Orthologs of the small RPB8 subunit of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases are conserved in hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and "Korarchaeota" SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION; SULFOLOBUS; SEQUENCES AB Although most of the key components of the transcription apparatus, and in particular, RNA polymerase ( RNAP) subunits, are conserved between archaea and eukaryotes, no archaeal homologs of the small RPB8 subunit of eukaryotic RNAP have been detected. We report that orthologs of RPB8 are encoded in all sequenced genomes of hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and a recently sequenced "korarchaeal" genome, but not in Euryarchaeota or the mesophilic crenarchaeon Cenarchaeum symbiosum. These findings suggest that all 12 core subunits of eukaryotic RNAPs were already present in the last common ancestor of the extant archaea. C1 [Koonin, Eugene V.; Makarova, Kira S.] NIH, Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Elkins, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Microbila Ecol & Physiol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koonin, EV (reprint author), NIH, Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; makarova@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; elkinsjg@ornl.gov RI Elkins, James/A-6199-2011 OI Elkins, James/0000-0002-8052-5688 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 2 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-2-38 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 274QO UT WOS:000254016100001 PM 18081935 ER PT J AU Kamburov, A Goldovsky, L Freilich, S Kapazoglou, A Kunin, V Enright, AJ Tsaftaris, A Ouzounis, CA AF Kamburov, Atanas Goldovsky, Leon Freilich, Shiri Kapazoglou, Aliki Kunin, Victor Enright, Anton J. Tsaftaris, Athanasios Ouzounis, Christos A. TI Denoising inferred functional association networks obtained by gene fusion analysis SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; COMPLETE GENOME; COMPUTATIONAL GENOMICS; DATA ENVIRONMENT; DATABASE; PREDICTION; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; EVENTS; FAMILIES AB Background: Gene fusion detection - also known as the 'Rosetta Stone' method - involves the identification of fused composite genes in a set of reference genomes, which indicates potential interactions between its un-fused counterpart genes in query genomes. The precision of this method typically improves with an ever-increasing number of reference genomes. Results: In order to explore the usefulness and scope of this approach for protein interaction prediction and generate a high-quality, non-redundant set of interacting pairs of proteins across a wide taxonomic range, we have exhaustively performed gene fusion analysis for 184 genomes using an efficient variant of a previously developed protocol. By analyzing interaction graphs and applying a threshold that limits the maximum number of possible interactions within the largest graph components, we show that we can reduce the number of implausible interactions due to the detection of promiscuous domains. With this generally applicable approach, we generate a robust set of over 2 million distinct and testable interactions encompassing 696,894 proteins in 184 species or strains, most of which have never been the subject of high-throughput experimental proteomics. We investigate the cumulative effect of increasing numbers of genomes on the fidelity and quantity of predictions, and show that, for large numbers of genomes, predictions do not become saturated but continue to grow linearly, for the majority of the species. We also examine the percentage of component ( and composite) proteins with relation to the number of genes and further validate the functional categories that are highly represented in this robust set of detected genome-wide interactions. Conclusion: We illustrate the phylogenetic and functional diversity of gene fusion events across genomes, and their usefulness for accurate prediction of protein interaction and function. C1 [Kamburov, Atanas; Goldovsky, Leon; Freilich, Shiri; Kunin, Victor; Ouzounis, Christos A.] EMBL Cambridge Outstn, European Bioinformat Inst, Computat Genom Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Goldovsky, Leon; Freilich, Shiri; Ouzounis, Christos A.] Ctr Res & Technol Hellas, Computat Genom Unit, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Goldovsky, Leon; Freilich, Shiri; Kapazoglou, Aliki; Tsaftaris, Athanasios; Ouzounis, Christos A.] Ctr Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Agrobiotechnol, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Kamburov, Atanas] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Enright, Anton J.] Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Kunin, Victor] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Ouzounis, Christos A.] Kings Coll London, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Ctr Bioinformat, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Ouzounis, CA (reprint author), EMBL Cambridge Outstn, European Bioinformat Inst, Computat Genom Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. EM atanas.kamburov@gmail.com; leongo@ebi.ac.uk; shirigo@ebi.ac.uk; alikik@certh.gr; VKunin@lbl.gov; aje@sanger.ac.uk; tsaft@certh.gr; ouzounis@certh.gr RI Ouzounis, Christos/G-2302-2010; OI Enright, Anton/0000-0002-6090-3100 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 460 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-460 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 266VX UT WOS:000253466500001 PM 18081932 ER PT J AU Horner, DA Redfern, PC Sternberg, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Horner, D. A. Redfern, P. C. Sternberg, M. Zapol, P. Curtiss, L. A. TI Increased reactivity of single wall carbon nanotubes at carbon ad-dimer defect sites SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SIDEWALLS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMISORPTION; ADSORPTION; GAUSSIAN-3; ENERGIES; ALKENE; OZONE AB A quantum chemical study of the reactivity of the 7-5-5-7 topological defect, corresponding to a carbon ad-dimer, on a (5,5) armchair nanotube is reported. The energies indicate that the defect is more reactive by 46-70 kcal/mol towards adsorbates containing pi-bonds, such as C2H4, O-2, and O-3, than are pristine nanotubes or the Stone-Wales 5-7-7-5 defect. The enhanced reactivity of this defect was also obtained for other sizes and types of carbon nanotubes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Horner, D. A.; Zapol, P.; Curtiss, L. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Redfern, P. C.; Zapol, P.; Curtiss, L. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sternberg, M.; Zapol, P.; Curtiss, L. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Horner, D. A.] N Cent Coll, Dept Chem, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. [Horner, D. A.] N Cent Coll, Dept Phys, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM curtiss@anl.gov RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.079 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247SM UT WOS:000252100600013 ER PT J AU Om, H Baker, GA Bright, FV Verma, KK Pandey, S AF Om, Hari Baker, Gary A. Bright, Frank V. Verma, Krishan K. Pandey, Siddharth TI Noninvasive probing of aqueous Triton X-100 with steady-state and frequency-domain fluorometry SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODULATION FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; WISE MICELLE ASSOCIATION; MULTIFREQUENCY PHASE; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE; FRAGMENTATION; EXCHANGE; FUSION; X-100 AB Most fluorescence spectroscopic methods that investigate the properties of surfactant-based systems are invasive in nature as they rely on information afforded by an externally-introduced probe. External probes may adversely affect the colloidal property of interest. Information from chromophoric surfactants as endogenous probes of micellization process is presented. Fluorescence from phenyl moiety of a common nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 in water is demonstrated to be rich in information on surfactant aggregation. While Triton X-100 concentration-dependent fluorescence emission and excitation can be effectively used to monitor the presence of micelles, frequency-domain excited-state fluorescence intensity decay data affords key dynamic parameters characterizing Triton X-100 micelles. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Om, Hari; Pandey, Siddharth] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. [Om, Hari; Verma, Krishan K.] Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Dept Chem, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Pandey, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. EM sipandey@chemistry.iitd.ac.in RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.101 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247SM UT WOS:000252100600029 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Xie, SC Ghan, SJ AF Liu, Xiaohong Xie, Shaocheng Ghan, Steven J. TI Evaluation of a new mixed-phase cloud microphysics parameterization with CAM3 single-column model and M-PACE observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; VERSION-3 CAM3; ARCTIC CLOUD; ICE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; FORMULATION; FRACTION; SCHEME AB Most global climate models generally prescribe the partitioning of condensed water into cloud droplets and cloud ice in mixed-phase clouds according to a temperature-dependent function, which affects modeled cloud phase, cloud lifetime and radiative properties. This study evaluates a new mixed-phase cloud microphysics parameterization ( for ice nucleation and water vapor deposition) against the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed-phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) observations using the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model Version 3 (CAM3) single column model (SCAM). It is shown that SCAM with the new scheme produces a more realistic simulation of the cloud phase structure and the partitioning of condensed water into liquid droplets against observations during the M-PACE than the standard SCAM. A sensitivity test indicates that ice number concentration could play an important role in the simulated mixed-phase cloud microphysics, and therefore needs to be realistically represented in global climate models. C1 [Liu, Xiaohong; Ghan, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 3200 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaohong.liu@pnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23712 DI 10.1029/2007GL031446 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 241XX UT WOS:000251690200002 ER PT J AU Lane, CD Petrik, NG Orlando, TM Kimmel, GA AF Lane, Christopher D. Petrik, Nikolay G. Orlando, Thomas M. Kimmel, Greg A. TI Site-dependent electron-stimulated reactions in water films on TiO(2)(110) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS D2O ICE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; AB-INITIO; DESORPTION; SURFACE; DISSOCIATION; TIO2; ADSORPTION; PT(111); H2O AB Electron-stimulated reactions in thin [< 3 ML (monolayer)] water films adsorbed on TiO(2)(110) are investigated. Irradiation with 100 eV electrons results in electron-stimulated dissociation and electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of adsorbed water molecules. The molecular water ESD yield increases linearly with water coverage theta for 0 <=theta <= 1 ML and 1 1 ML, the water ESD yield per additional water molecule adsorbed (i.e., the slope of the ESD yield versus coverage) is 3.5 times larger than for theta < 1 ML. In contrast, the number of water molecules dissociated per incident electron increases linearly for theta <= 2 ML without changing slope at theta=1 ML. The total electron-stimulated sputtering rate, as measured by postirradiation temperature programed desorption of the remaining water, is larger for theta>1 ML due to the increased water ESD for those coverages. The water ESD yields versus electron energy (for 5-50 eV) are qualitatively similar for 1, 2, and 40 ML water films. In each case, the observed ESD threshold is at similar to 10 eV and the yield increases monotonically with increasing electron energy. The results indicate that excitations in the adsorbed water layer are primarily responsible for the ESD in thin water films on TiO(2)(110). Experiments on "isotopically layered" films with D(2)O adsorbed on the Ti(4+) sites (D(2)O(Ti)) and H(2)O adsorbed on the bridging oxygen atoms (H(2)O(BBO)) demonstrate that increasing the water coverage above 1 ML rapidly suppresses the electron-stimulated desorption of D(2)O(Ti) and D atoms, despite the fact that the total water ESD and atomic hydrogen ESD yields increase with increasing coverage. The coverage dependence of the electron-stimulated reactions is probably related to the different bonding geometries for H(2)O(Ti) and H(2)O(BBO) and its influence on the desorption probability of the reaction products. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Petrik, Nikolay G.; Kimmel, Greg A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fund Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lane, Christopher D.; Orlando, Thomas M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Orlando, Thomas M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kimmel, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fund Sci Directorate, Mail Stop K8-88,PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregory.kimmel@pnl.gov RI Petrik, Nikolay/G-3267-2015 OI Petrik, Nikolay/0000-0001-7129-0752 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 22 AR 224706 DI 10.1063/1.2804767 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 241TO UT WOS:000251678900036 PM 18081413 ER PT J AU Chylek, P McCabe, M Dubey, MK Dozier, J AF Chylek, Petr McCabe, M. Dubey, M. K. Dozier, J. TI Remote sensing of Greenland ice sheet using multispectral near-infrared and visible radiances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SNOW; AEROSOL; MODIS; WATER; CLOUD; TEMPERATURE AB We present the physical basis of and validate a new remote-sensing algorithm that utilizes reflected visible and near-infrared radiation to discriminate between dry and wet snow. When applied to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data, our discrimination algorithm has the potential to retrieve melting regions of the ice sheet at a spatial resolution of 0.25 km 2, over three orders of magnitude higher than the resolution of current microwave methods. The method should be useful for long-term monitoring of the melt area of the Greenland ice sheet, especially regions close to ice sheet margins and of the outflow glaciers. Our analysis of MODIS retrievals of the western portion of the Greenland ice sheet over the period 2000 to 2006 indicates significant interannual variability with a maximum melt extent in 2005. Collocated in situ meteorological data reveal a high correlation (0.80) between the MODIS melt-day area and the average summer temperature. Our analysis suggests that it is the magnitude of the summer temperature that dominates the melting (not the variability of the length of the melting season). Furthermore, we find that the melt-day area increases by about 3.8% for each 0.1 K increase in the average surface air summer temperature. We combine this empirical relationship with historic temperature data to infer that the melt-day area of the western part of the ice sheet doubled between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s and that the largest ice sheet surface melting probably occurred between 1920s and 1930s, concurrent with the warming in that period. C1 [Chylek, Petr; McCabe, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dozier, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S20 DI 10.1029/2007JD008742 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YM UT WOS:000251691700003 ER PT J AU Kessler, T Bruck, K Baktash, C Beene, JR Geppert, C Havener, CC Krause, HF Liu, Y Schultz, DR Stracener, DW Vane, CR Wendt, K AF Kessler, T. Brueck, K. Baktash, C. Beene, J. R. Geppert, Ch Havener, C. C. Krause, H. F. Liu, Y. Schultz, D. R. Stracener, D. W. Vane, C. R. Wendt, K. TI Three-step resonant photoionization spectroscopy of Ni and Ge: ionization potential and odd-parity Rydberg levels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER ION-SOURCE; ISOLDE; SEPARATION; ISOTOPES; TRIUMF; ISAC AB preparation of a laser ion source, we have investigated multi-step laser ionization via Rydberg and autoionizing states for atomic Ni and Ge using a mass separator with an ion beam energy of 20 keV. For both elements resonant three-step excitation schemes suitable for modern Ti: sapphire laser systems were developed. Rydberg series in the range of principal quantum numbers 20 <= n <= 80 were localized, assigned and quantum numbers were allocated to the individual resonances. Ionization potentials (IP) were extracted from fits of the individual series and quantum defects of individual levels were analysed for confirmation of series assignment. For Ni the ionization potential could be extracted with significantly increased precision compared to literature with a value of E-IP (Ni) = 61 619.77(14) cm(-1). Also, at least one notable autoionizing state above the first IP was discovered for both elements, and the different ionization schemes via Rydberg or autoionizing states were compared with respect to line shape, ionization efficiency and selectivity. C1 [Kessler, T.; Brueck, K.; Geppert, Ch; Wendt, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Baktash, C.; Beene, J. R.; Havener, C. C.; Krause, H. F.; Liu, Y.; Schultz, D. R.; Stracener, D. W.; Vane, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendt, K (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM klaus.wendt@uni-mainz.de RI Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 23 BP 4413 EP 4432 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/23/002 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 243LB UT WOS:000251797100003 ER PT J AU Ohi, MD Feoktistova, A Ren, LP Yip, C Cheng, YF Chen, JS Yoon, HJ Wall, JS Huang, Z Penczek, PA Gould, KL Walz, T AF Ohi, Melanie D. Feoktistova, Anna Ren, Liping Yip, Calvin Cheng, Yifan Chen, Jun-Song Yoon, Hyun-Joo Wall, Joseph S. Huang, Zhong Penczek, Pawel A. Gould, Kathleen L. Walz, Thomas TI Structural organization of the anaphase-promoting complex bound to the mitotic activator Slp1 SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID FISSION YEAST; DESTRUCTION BOX; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPINDLE CHECKPOINT; FINGER PROTEIN; KEN BOX AB The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a conserved multisubunit E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase required to signal the degradation of key cell-cycle regulators. Using single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we have determined a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the core APC/C from Schizosaccharomyces pombe bound to the APC/C activator Slp1/Cdc20. At the 27 angstrom resolution of our density map, the APC/C is a triangular-shaped structure, similar to 19 x 17 x 15nm in size, with adeep internal cavity and a prominent horn-like protrusion emanating from a lip of the cavity. Using antibody labeling and mutant analysis, we have localized 12 of 13 core APC/C components, as well as the position of the activator Slp1, enabling us to propose a structural model of APC/C organization. Comparison of the APC/C with another multiprotein E3 ligase, the SCF complex, uncovers remarkable structural similarities. C1 [Ohi, Melanie D.; Yip, Calvin; Cheng, Yifan; Walz, Thomas] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Feoktistova, Anna; Ren, Liping; Chen, Jun-Song; Yoon, Hyun-Joo; Gould, Kathleen L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Feoktistova, Anna; Ren, Liping; Chen, Jun-Song; Yoon, Hyun-Joo; Gould, Kathleen L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wall, Joseph S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huang, Zhong; Penczek, Pawel A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Walz, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kathy.gould@vanderbilt.edu; twalz@hms.harvard.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [5 P41 EB2181, P41 EB002181]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62580, GM 60635, P01 GM062580, P01 GM062580-06A16830, P01 GM064692, R01 GM060635] NR 66 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 EI 1097-4164 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 871 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.10.003 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 245HP UT WOS:000251926000019 PM 18082611 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carrillo, S Carlsmith, D Caron, B Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pinfold, J Pitts, K 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TI Search for exclusive gamma gamma production in Hadron-Hadron collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASSLESS PARTICLES; CALORIMETER; DETECTOR AB We have searched for exclusive gamma gamma production in proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, using 532 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity taken by the run II Collider Detector at Fermilab. The event signature requires two electromagnetic showers, each with transverse energy E-T > 5 GeV and pseudorapidity |eta| < 1.0, with no other particles detected in the event. Three candidate events are observed. We discuss the consistency of the three events with gamma gamma, pi(0)pi(0), or eta eta production. The probability that other processes fluctuate to >= 3 events is 1.7x10(-4). An upper limit on the cross section of p (p) over bar -> p + gamma gamma + (p) over bar production is set at 410 fb with 95% confidence level. C1 [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Lu, R. -S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. L.; Kuhlmann, S. E.; LeCompte, T.; Nodulman, L.; Proudfoot, J.; Wagner, R. G.; Wicklund, A. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Attal, A.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; De Lorenzo, G.; D'Onofrio, M.; Martinez, M.; Norniella, O.; Portell, X.; Salto, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Dittmann, J. R.; Krumnack, N.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brigliadori, L.; Castro, A.; Deninno, M.; Margaroli, F.; Mazzanti, P.; Moggi, N.; Mussini, M.; Rimondi, F.] Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Blocker, C.; Clark, D.; Kirsch, L.; Miladinovic, N.] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Baroiant, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Almenar, C. Cuenca; Erbacher, R.; Forrest, R.; Forrester, S.; Ivanov, A.; Johnson, W.; Lander, R. L.; Lister, A.; Pellett, D. E.; Schwarz, T.; Smith, J. R.; Soha, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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O.; Liu, T.; Lukens, P.; Madrak, R.; Maeshima, K.; Marginean, R.; Miao, T.; Moore, R.; Mukherjee, A.; Murat, P.; Nachtman, J.; Papadimitriou, V.; Patrick, J.; Pronko, A.; Reisert, B.; Roser, R.; Sato, K.; Schlabach, P.; Schmidt, E. E.; Sexton-Kennedy, L.; Slaughter, A. J.; Snider, F. D.; Spalding, J.; Thom, J.; Tkaczyk, S.; Torretta, D.; Velev, G.; Vidal, R.; Wagner, R. L.; Wester, W. C., III; Wicklund, E.; Wilson, P.; Wittich, P.; Wolbers, S.; Yeh, G. P.; Yoh, J.; Yu, S. S.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Carrillo, S.; Field, R.; Goldschmidt, N.; Jindariani, S.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Lungu, G.; Mitselmakher, G.; Oksuzian, I.; Pinera, L.; Sukhanov, A.; Vazquez, F.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Annovi, A.; Cordelli, M.; Giromini, P.; Happacher, F.; Ptohos, F.; Torre, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. 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RI Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013 OI Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; Group, Robert/0000-0002-4097-5254; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Vidal Marono, Miguel/0000-0002-2590-5987; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Walder, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Study of the decay B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; SYSTEM AB We report a study of the decay B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*) using a data sample corresponding to 1.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 experiment in 2002-2006 during run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. One D-s((*)) meson was partially reconstructed in the decay D-s ->phi mu nu, and the other D-s((*)) meson was identified using the decay D-s ->phi pi where no attempt was made to distinguish D-s and D-s(*) states. For the branching fraction Br(B-s(0)->(DsDs(*))-D-(*)) we obtain a 90% C.L. range [0.002,0.080] and central value 0.039(-0.017)(+0.019)(stat)(-0.015)(+0.016)(syst). This was subsequently used to make the most precise estimate of the width difference Delta Gamma(CP)(s) in the B-s(0)-(B)over bar(s)(0) system: Delta Gamma(CP)(s)/Gamma(s)=0.079(-0.035)(+0.038)(stat)(-0.030)(+0.031)(syst). C1 [Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; da Motta, H.; Pol, M. -E.; Rangel, M. S.; Souza, M.] LAFEX, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Begalli, M.; Carvalho, W.; Martins, C. De Oliveira; Malbouisson, H. B.; Molina, J.; Mundim, L.; Oguri, V.; Oliveira, N.; da Silva, W. L. Prado; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.; Lietti, S. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.; Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 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M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Hensel, C.; Moulik, T.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ahsan, M.; Bandurin, D. V.; Bolton, T. A.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Shamim, M.; Sidwell, R. A.; Von Toerne, E.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Greenwood, Z. D.; Kalk, J. M.; Sawyer, L.; Steele, J.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Baden, A.; Eno, S.; Hadley, N. J.; Jarvis, C.; Kunori, S.; Toole, T.; Wang, L.; Wetstein, M.; Yan, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boline, D.; Butler, J. M.; Cho, D. K.; Das, A.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kasper, J.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Harrington, R.; Hesketh, G.; Reucroft, S.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Magerkurth, A.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Strandberg, J.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Dyer, J.; Edmunds, D.; Hauser, R.; Kalk, J. R.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Pope, B. G.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.; Weerts, H.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bellavance, A.; Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Haley, J.; Schwartzman, A.; Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Haas, A.; Johnson, C.; Katsanos, I.; Khatidze, D.; Kothari, B.; Lammers, S.; Mitrevski, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Begel, M.; Cammin, J.; Chan, K. M.; Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia, C.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Park, S. -J.; Slattery, P.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Dong, H.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Herner, K.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Parua, N.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Tsybychev, D.; Yurkewicz, A.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kahn, S.; Kotcher, J.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hall, I.; Jain, S.; Kopal, M.; Pompos, A.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bose, T.; Casey, B. C. K.; Christofek, L.; Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Hooper, R.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; Brown, D.; De, K.; Kaushik, V.; Li, J.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; Vartapetian, A.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Cooke, M.; Corcoran, M.; Miettinen, H.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Kryemadhi, A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Gadfort, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bernhard, R.; Fox, H.; Jakobs, K.; Konrath, J. -P.; Nilsen, H.; Noeding, C.; Titov, M.; Torchiani, I.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012 OI Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Baracchini, E. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Renga, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Hartmann, T. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Observation of B meson decays to b(1)pi and b(1)K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of searches for decays of B mesons to final states with a b(1) meson and a charged pion or kaon. The data, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, represent 382x10(6) B(B)over bar pairs produced in e(+)e(-) annihilation. The results for the branching fractions are, in units of 10(-6), B(B(+) -> b(1)(0)pi(+)) = 6.7 +/- 1.7 +/- 1.0, B(B(+) -> b(1)(0)K(+)) = 9.1 +/- 1.7 +/- 1.0, B(B(0) -> b(1)(-/+)pi +/- ) = 10.9 +/- 1.2 +/- 0.9, and B(B(0) -> b(1)(-)K(+)) = 7.4 +/- 1.0 +/- 1.0, with the assumption that B(b(1) -> omega pi) = 1. We also measure charge and flavor asymmetries A(ch)(B(+) -> b(1)(0)pi(+)) = 0.05 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.02, A(ch)(B(+) -> b(1)(0)K(+)) = -0.46 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.02, A(ch)(B(0) -> b(1)(-/+)pi +/- ) = -0.05 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.02, C(B(0) -> b(1)(-/+)pi +/- ) = -0.22 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.05, Delta C(B(0) -> b(1)(-/+)pi +/- ) = -1.04 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.08, and A(ch)(B(0) -> b(1)(-)K(+)) = -0.07 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.02. The first error quoted is statistical, and the second systematic. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. 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O.; Ricciardi, S.; Roethel, W.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Berger, N.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Hryn'ova, T.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Stelzer, J.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; van Bakel, N.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Biasini, M.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Martinez-Vidal, F.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; van Bakel, Niels/B-6233-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; OI Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Salvatore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3709-1554; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; FORD, WILLIAM/0000-0001-8703-6943; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; van Bakel, Niels/0000-0002-4053-7588; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 241803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.241803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300016 ER PT J AU Barnum, H Barrett, J Leifer, M Wilce, A AF Barnum, Howard Barrett, Jonathan Leifer, Matthew Wilce, Alexander TI Generalized no-broadcasting theorem SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; STATES; CANNOT AB We prove a generalized version of the no-broadcasting theorem, applicable to essentially any nonclassical finite-dimensional probabilistic model satisfying a no-signaling criterion, including ones with "superquantum" correlations. A strengthened version of the quantum no-broadcasting theorem follows, and its proof is significantly simpler than existing proofs of the no-broadcasting theorem. C1 [Barnum, Howard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Barrett, Jonathan; Leifer, Matthew] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Leifer, Matthew] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wilce, Alexander] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Math Sci, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM barnum@lanl.gov; jbarrett@perimeterinstitute.ca; matt@mattleifer.info; xwilce@susqu.edu OI Barrett, Jonathan/0000-0002-2222-0579 NR 25 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 240501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.240501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300007 PM 18233430 ER PT J AU Clasie, B Qian, X Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Benmokhtar, F Boeglin, W Bosted, P Bruell, A Christy, ME Chudakov, E Cosyn, W Dalton, MM Daniel, A Day, D Dutta, D El Fassi, L Ent, R Fenker, HC Ferrer, J Fomin, N Gao, H Garrow, K Gaskell, D Gray, C Horn, T Huber, GM Jones, MK Kalantarians, N Keppel, CE Kramer, K Larson, A Li, Y Liang, Y Lung, AF Malace, S Markowitz, P Matsumura, A Meekins, DG Mertens, T Miller, GA Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, H Monson, R Navasardyan, T Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Okayasu, Y Opper, AK Perdrisat, C Punjabi, V Rauf, AW Rodriquez, VM Rohe, D Ryckebusch, J Seely, J Segbefia, E Smith, GR Strikman, M Sumihama, M Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Tvaskis, V Villano, A Vulcan, WF Wesselmann, FR Wood, SA Yuan, L Zheng, XC AF Clasie, B. Qian, X. Arrington, J. Asaturyan, R. Benmokhtar, F. Boeglin, W. Bosted, P. Bruell, A. Christy, M. E. Chudakov, E. Cosyn, W. Dalton, M. M. Daniel, A. Day, D. Dutta, D. El Fassi, L. Ent, R. Fenker, H. C. Ferrer, J. Fomin, N. Gao, H. Garrow, K. Gaskell, D. Gray, C. Horn, T. Huber, G. M. Jones, M. K. Kalantarians, N. Keppel, C. E. Kramer, K. Larson, A. Li, Y. Liang, Y. Lung, A. F. Malace, S. Markowitz, P. Matsumura, A. Meekins, D. G. Mertens, T. Miller, G. A. Miyoshi, T. Mkrtchyan, H. Monson, R. Navasardyan, T. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Okayasu, Y. Opper, A. K. Perdrisat, C. Punjabi, V. Rauf, A. W. Rodriquez, V. M. Rohe, D. Ryckebusch, J. Seely, J. Segbefia, E. Smith, G. R. Strikman, M. Sumihama, M. Tadevosyan, V. Tang, L. Tvaskis, V. Villano, A. Vulcan, W. F. Wesselmann, F. R. Wood, S. A. Yuan, L. Zheng, X. C. TI Measurement of nuclear transparency for the A(e,e 'pi(+)) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; MESONS; PIONS; QCD AB We have measured the nuclear transparency of the A(e,e(')pi(+)) process in (2)H, (12)C, (27)Al, (63)Cu, and (197)Au targets. These measurements were performed at the Jefferson Laboratory over a four momentum transfer squared range Q(2) = 1.1 to 4.7 (GeV/c)(2). The nuclear transparency was extracted as the super-ratio of (sigma(A)/sigma(H)) from data to a model of pion-electroproduction from nuclei without pi-N final-state interactions. The Q(2) and atomic number dependence of the nuclear transparency both show deviations from traditional nuclear physics expectations and are consistent with calculations that include the quantum chromodynamical phenomenon of color transparency. C1 [Clasie, B.; Gao, H.; Seely, J.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Qian, X.; Dutta, D.; Gao, H.; Kramer, K.] Duke Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Arrington, J.; El Fassi, L.; Zheng, X. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Asaturyan, R.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Navasardyan, T.; Tadevosyan, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Benmokhtar, F.; Horn, T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boeglin, W.; Markowitz, P.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bosted, P.; Bruell, A.; Christy, M. E.; Chudakov, E.; Ent, R.; Fenker, H. C.; Gaskell, D.; Horn, T.; Jones, M. K.; Lung, A. F.; Meekins, D. G.; Smith, G. R.; Tang, L.; Tvaskis, V.; Vulcan, W. F.; Wood, S. A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA. [Christy, M. E.; Keppel, C. E.; Malace, S.; Segbefia, E.; Tang, L.; Tvaskis, V.; Yuan, L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Cosyn, W.; Ryckebusch, J.] Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. [Dalton, M. M.; Gray, C.] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Daniel, A.; Kalantarians, N.; Li, Y.; Miyoshi, T.; Rodriquez, V. M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Day, D.; Fomin, N.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Dutta, D.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ferrer, J.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Garrow, K.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Huber, G. M.] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Larson, A.; Miller, G. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Liang, Y.; Opper, A. K.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Matsumura, A.; Okayasu, Y.; Sumihama, M.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Mertens, T.; Rohe, D.] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Monson, R.] Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Perdrisat, C.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Punjabi, V.; Wesselmann, F. R.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Rauf, A. W.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Strikman, M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Villano, A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. RP Clasie, B (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Mertens, Thomas/E-9826-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015; Dalton, Mark/B-5380-2016 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934; Dalton, Mark/0000-0001-9204-7559 NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 242502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.242502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300021 PM 18233444 ER PT J AU Duan, H Fuller, GM Carlson, J Qian, YZ AF Duan, Huaiyu Fuller, George M. Carlson, J. Qian, Yong-Zhong TI Neutrino mass hierarchy and stepwise spectral swapping of supernova neutrino flavors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSE MATTER; OSCILLATIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; COLLAPSE AB We examine a phenomenon recently predicted by numerical simulations of supernova neutrino flavor evolution: the swapping of supernova nu(e) and nu(mu,tau) energy spectra below (above) energy E-C for the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy. We present the results of large-scale numerical calculations which show that in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy case, E-C decreases as the assumed effective 2x2 vacuum nu(e)-><-nu(mu,tau) mixing angle (similar or equal to theta(13)) is decreased. In contrast, these calculations indicate that E-C is essentially independent of the vacuum mixing angle in the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy case. With a good neutrino signal from a future galactic supernova, the above results could be used to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy even if theta(13) is too small to be measured by terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments. C1 [Duan, Huaiyu; Fuller, George M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Carlson, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qian, Yong-Zhong] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Duan, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Carlson, Joseph/0000-0002-3163-5565 NR 36 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 241802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.241802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300015 PM 18233438 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, SP Belova, EV Yamada, M Inomoto, HJM Ren, Y McGeehan, B AF Gerhardt, S. P. Belova, E. V. Yamada, M. Inomoto, H. Ji M. Ren, Y. McGeehan, B. TI Inductive sustainment of a field-reversed configuration stabilized by shaping, magnetic diffusion, and finite-Larmor-radius effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; GLOBAL STABILITY; PLASMA AB Oblate field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are sustained for up to 350 mu s, or approximate to 15 poloidal flux-confinement times, in the magnetic reconnection experiment. The diamagnetic equilibrium is maintained in argon plasmas as a balance of an inward pinch and outward diffusion. Numerical and analytic models show that the observed stability is provided by a combination of plasma shaping, magnetic diffusion, and finite-Larmor radius effects. FRCs formed with lighter ions, which benefit less from these stabilizing effects, succumb to rapid instability and cannot be sustained. C1 [Gerhardt, S. P.; Belova, E. V.; Yamada, M.; Inomoto, H. Ji M.; Ren, Y.; McGeehan, B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Inomoto, H. Ji M.] Osaka Univ, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Ren, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gerhardt, SP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 245003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.245003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300033 PM 18233456 ER PT J AU Gillijns, W Silhanek, AV Moshchalkov, VV Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C AF Gillijns, W. Silhanek, A. V. Moshchalkov, V. V. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Reichhardt, C. TI Origin of reversed vortex ratchet motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; BROWNIAN MOTORS AB We experimentally demonstrate that the origin of multiply reversed rectified vortex motion in an asymmetric pinning landscape not only is a consequence of the vortex-vortex interactions but also essentially depends on the ratio between the characteristic interaction distance and the period of the asymmetric pinning potential. We study four samples with different periods d of the asymmetric potential. For large d the dc voltage V-dc recorded under a ac excitation indicates that the average vortex drift is from bigger to smaller dots for all explored positive fields. As d is reduced, a series of sign reversals in the dc response are observed as a function of field. We show that the number of sign reversals increases as d decreases. These findings are in agreement with recent computer simulations and illustrate the relevance of the different characteristic lengths for the vortex rectification effects. C1 [Gillijns, W.; Silhanek, A. V.; Moshchalkov, V. V.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gillijns, W (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RI Moshchalkov, Victor/I-7232-2013 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 247002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.247002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300052 PM 18233475 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Gorelenkov, NN Luo, Y Van Zeeland, MA White, RB Austin, ME Burrell, KH Kramer, GJ Makowski, MA Mckee, GR Nazikian, R AF Heidbrink, W. W. Gorelenkov, N. N. Luo, Y. Van Zeeland, M. A. White, R. B. Austin, M. E. Burrell, K. H. Kramer, G. J. Makowski, M. A. Mckee, G. R. Nazikian, R. CA DIII-D Team TI Anomalous flattening of the fast-ion profile during Alfven-eigenmode activity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; SIMULATION; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Neutral-beam injection into plasmas with negative central shear produces a rich spectrum of toroidicity-induced and reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes in the DIII-D tokamak. The first application of fast-ion D(alpha) (FIDA) spectroscopy to Alfven-eigenmode physics shows that the central fast-ion profile is anomalously flat in the inner half of the discharge. Neutron and equilibrium measurements corroborate the FIDA data. The current density driven by fast ions is also strongly modified. Calculations based on the measured mode amplitudes do not explain the observed fast-ion transport. C1 [Heidbrink, W. W.; Luo, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gorelenkov, N. N.; White, R. B.; Kramer, G. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Burrell, K. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Austin, M. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mckee, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 19 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 245002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.245002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300032 PM 18233455 ER PT J AU Mazouz, M Camsonne, A Camacho, CM Ferdi, C Gavalian, G Kuchina, E Amarian, M Aniol, KA Beaumel, M Benaoum, H Bertin, P Brossard, M Chen, JP Chudakov, E Craver, B Cusanno, F de Jager, CW Deur, A Feuerbach, R Fieschi, JM Frullani, S Garcon, M Garibaldi, F Gayou, O Gilman, R Gomez, J Gueye, P Guichon, PAM Guillon, B Hansen, O Hayes, D Higinbotham, D Holmstrom, T Hyde, CE Ibrahim, H Igarashi, R Jiang, X Jo, HS Kaufman, LJ Kelleher, A Kolarkar, A Kumbartzki, G Laveissiere, G LeRose, JJ Lindgren, R Liyanage, N Lu, HJ Margaziotis, DJ Meziani, ZE McCormick, K Michaels, R Michel, B Moffit, B Monaghan, P Nanda, S Nelyubin, V Potokar, M Qiang, Y Ransome, RD Real, JS Reitz, B Roblin, Y Roche, J Sabatie, F Saha, A Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Subedi, R Sulkosky, V Ulmer, PE Voutier, E Wang, K Weinstein, LB Wojtsekhowski, B Zheng, X Zhu, L AF Mazouz, M. Camsonne, A. Camacho, C. Munoz Ferdi, C. Gavalian, G. Kuchina, E. Amarian, M. Aniol, K. A. Beaumel, M. Benaoum, H. Bertin, P. Brossard, M. Chen, J. -P. Chudakov, E. Craver, B. Cusanno, F. de Jager, C. W. Deur, A. Feuerbach, R. Fieschi, J. -M. Frullani, S. Garcon, M. Garibaldi, F. Gayou, O. Gilman, R. Gomez, J. Gueye, P. Guichon, P. A. M. Guillon, B. Hansen, O. Hayes, D. Higinbotham, D. Holmstrom, T. Hyde, C. E. Ibrahim, H. Igarashi, R. Jiang, X. Jo, H. S. Kaufman, L. J. Kelleher, A. Kolarkar, A. Kumbartzki, G. Laveissiere, G. LeRose, J. J. Lindgren, R. Liyanage, N. Lu, H. -J. Margaziotis, D. J. Meziani, Z. -E. McCormick, K. Michaels, R. Michel, B. Moffit, B. Monaghan, P. Nanda, S. Nelyubin, V. Potokar, M. Qiang, Y. Ransome, R. D. Real, J. -S. Reitz, B. Roblin, Y. Roche, J. Sabatie, F. Saha, A. Sirca, S. Slifer, K. Solvignon, P. Subedi, R. Sulkosky, V. Ulmer, P. E. Voutier, E. Wang, K. Weinstein, L. B. Wojtsekhowski, B. Zheng, X. Zhu, L. TI Deeply virtual compton scattering off the neutron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; PROTON; HERA; SPIN AB The present experiment exploits the interference between the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and the Bethe-Heitler processes to extract the imaginary part of DVCS amplitudes on the neutron and on the deuteron from the helicity-dependent D((e) over right arrow ,e'gamma)X cross section measured at Q(2) = 1.9 GeV(2) and x(B) = 0.36. We extract a linear combination of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) particularly sensitive to E(q), the least constrained GPD. A model dependent constraint on the contribution of the up and down quarks to the nucleon spin is deduced. C1 [Mazouz, M.; Guillon, B.; Real, J. -S.; Voutier, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Camsonne, A.; Ferdi, C.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Fieschi, J. -M.; Hyde, C. E.; Laveissiere, G.; Michel, B.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC Clermont Ferrnad, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Camacho, C. Munoz; Beaumel, M.; Garcon, M.; Guichon, P. A. M.; Sabatie, F.] CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ferdi, C.; Gavalian, G.; Amarian, M.; Hayes, D.; Hyde, C. E.; Ibrahim, H.; Ulmer, P. E.; Weinstein, L. B.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Kuchina, E.; Gilman, R.; Jiang, X.; Kumbartzki, G.; McCormick, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Aniol, K. A.; Margaziotis, D. J.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Benaoum, H.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Chudakov, E.; Gomez, J.; Hansen, O.; LeRose, J. J.; Michaels, R.; Nanda, S.; Reitz, B.; Roblin, Y.; Roche, J.; Saha, A.; Wojtsekhowski, B.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Craver, B.; Lindgren, R.; Liyanage, N.; Nelyubin, V.; Slifer, K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Cusanno, F.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Gayou, O.; Monaghan, P.; Qiang, Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gueye, P.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Holmstrom, T.; Kelleher, A.; Moffit, B.; Sulkosky, V.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Igarashi, R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6, Canada. [Jo, H. S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. [Kaufman, L. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kolarkar, A.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Lu, H. -J.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Meziani, Z. -E.; Solvignon, P.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Potokar, M.; Sirca, S.] Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Subedi, R.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Zheng, X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhu, L.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mazouz, M (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble, France. RI Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Hachemi, Benaoum/0000-0002-5581-4314; Benaoum, Hachemi/0000-0003-4749-6675; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 44 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 242501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.242501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300020 PM 18233443 ER PT J AU McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Chang, S Montfrooij, W Perring, TG Honig, JM Metcalf, P AF McQueeney, R. J. Yethiraj, M. Chang, S. Montfrooij, W. Perring, T. G. Honig, J. M. Metcalf, P. TI Zener double exchange from local valence fluctuations in magnetite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERWEY TRANSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FE3O4; CONDUCTION AB Magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) is a mixed valent system where electronic conductivity occurs on the B site (octahedral) iron sublattice of the spinel structure. Below T(V)=123 K, a metal-insulator transition occurs which is argued to arise from the charge ordering of 2+ and 3+ iron valences on the B sites (Verwey transition). Inelastic neutron scattering measurements show that optical spin waves propagating on the B site sublattice (similar to 80 meV) are shifted upwards in energy above T(V) due to the occurrence of B-B ferromagnetic double exchange in the mixed valent phase. The double exchange interaction affects only spin waves of Delta(5) symmetry, not all modes, indicating that valence fluctuations are slow and the double exchange is constrained by short-range electron correlations above T(V). C1 [McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McQueeney, R. J.; Chang, S.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yethiraj, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Montfrooij, W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Perring, T. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Honig, J. M.; Metcalf, P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 246401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.246401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300040 PM 18233463 ER PT J AU Rohlf, T Gulbahce, N Teuscher, C AF Rohlf, Thimo Gulbahce, Natali Teuscher, Christof TI Damage spreading and criticality in finite random dynamical networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANNEALED APPROXIMATION; THRESHOLD NETWORKS; KAUFFMAN NETWORKS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EVOLUTION; AUTOMATA; SYSTEMS AB We systematically study and compare damage spreading at the sparse percolation (SP) limit for random Boolean and threshold networks with perturbations that are independent of the network size N. This limit is relevant to information and damage propagation in many technological and natural networks. Using finite-size scaling, we identify a new characteristic connectivity K(s), at which the average number of damaged nodes (d) over bar, after a large number of dynamical updates, is independent of N. Based on marginal damage spreading, we determine the critical connectivity K(c)(sparse)(N) for finite N at the SP limit and show that it systematically deviates from K(c), established by the annealed approximation, even for large system sizes. Our findings can potentially explain the results recently obtained for gene regulatory networks and have important implications for the evolution of dynamical networks that solve specific tasks. C1 [Rohlf, Thimo] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Gulbahce, Natali] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gulbahce, Natali] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Teuscher, Christof] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rohlf, T (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 248701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.248701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300074 PM 18233497 ER PT J AU Shiltsev, V Alexahin, Y Bishofberger, K Kamerdzhiev, V Kuznetsov, G Zhang, XL AF Shiltsev, V. Alexahin, Y. Bishofberger, K. Kamerdzhiev, V. Kuznetsov, G. Zhang, X. -L. TI Experimental demonstration of colliding-beam-lifetime improvement by electron lenses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report the successful application of space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam for improvement of particle lifetime determined by beam-beam interaction at a high-energy collider. In our experiments, an electron lens, a novel instrument developed for the beam-beam compensation, was set on a 980-GeV proton bunch at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. The proton-bunch losses due to its interaction with the antiproton beam were reduced by a factor of 2 when the electron lens was operating. We describe the principle of electron lens operation and present experimental results. C1 [Shiltsev, V.; Alexahin, Y.; Kamerdzhiev, V.; Kuznetsov, G.; Zhang, X. -L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bishofberger, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shiltsev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 244801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.244801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300029 PM 18233452 ER PT J AU Shytov, AV Katsnelson, MI Levitov, LS AF Shytov, A. V. Katsnelson, M. I. Levitov, L. S. TI Atomic collapse and quasi-Rydberg states in graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-N-JUNCTIONS; INTERCALATED GRAPHITE AB Charge impurities in graphene can host an infinite family of Rydberg-like resonance states of massless Dirac particles. These states, appearing for supercritical charge, are described by Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization of collapsing classical trajectories that descend on point charge, in analogy to the hydrogenic Rydberg states relation with planetary orbits. Strong tunnel coupling of these states to the Dirac continuum leads to resonance features in scattering on the impurities that manifest themselves in transport properties and in the local density of states. C1 [Shytov, A. V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Katsnelson, M. I.] Univ Nijmegen St Radboud Hosp, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Levitov, L. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Shytov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; OI Shytov, Andrey/0000-0002-4674-8124 NR 29 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 24 AR 246802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.246802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241RU UT WOS:000251674300049 PM 18233472 ER PT J AU Qazilbash, MM Brehm, M Chae, BG Ho, PC Andreev, GO Kim, BJ Yun, SJ Balatsky, AV Maple, MB Keilmann, F Kim, HT Basov, DN AF Qazilbash, M. M. Brehm, M. Chae, Byung-Gyu Ho, P. -C. Andreev, G. O. Kim, Bong-Jun Yun, Sun Jin Balatsky, A. V. Maple, M. B. Keilmann, F. Kim, Hyun-Tak Basov, D. N. TI Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; BAND THEORY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MICROSCOPY; PEIERLS; HUBBARD; PHASE; VIEW; FILM AB Electrons in correlated insulators are prevented from conducting by Coulomb repulsion between them. When an insulator- to- metal transition is induced in a correlated insulator by doping or heating, the resulting conducting state can be radically different from that characterized by free electrons in conventional metals. We report on the electronic properties of a prototypical correlated insulator vanadium dioxide in which the metallic state can be induced by increasing temperature. Scanning near- field infrared microscopy allows us to directly image nanoscale metallic puddles that appear at the onset of the insulator- to- metal transition. In combination with far- field infrared spectroscopy, the data reveal the Mott transition with divergent quasi- particle mass in the metallic puddles. The experimental approach used sets the stage for investigations of charge dynamics on the nanoscale in other inhomogeneous correlated electron systems. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Max Planck Inst Biochem, Abt Mol Strukturbiol, D-82152 Munich, Germany. Ctr Nanosci, D-82152 Munich, Germany. Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, IT Convergence & Components Lab, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qazilbash, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mumtaz@physics.ucsd.edu NR 31 TC 580 Z9 588 U1 62 U2 432 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1750 EP 1753 DI 10.1126/science.1150124 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800033 PM 18079396 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Ma, S Liu, P Hrbek, J Evans, J Perez, M AF Rodriguez, J. A. Ma, S. Liu, P. Hrbek, J. Evans, J. Perez, M. TI Activity of CeOx and TiOx nanoparticles grown on Au(111) in the water-gas shift reaction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO OXIDATION; CERIUM OXIDE; GOLD; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; OXYGEN; STM; XPS; AU AB The high performance of Au-CeO2 and Au-TiO2 catalysts in the water- gas shift ( WGS) reaction ( H2O + CO --> H-2 + CO2) relies heavily on the direct participation of the oxide in the catalytic process. Although clean Au( 111) is not catalytically active for the WGS, gold surfaces that are 20 to 30% covered by ceria or titania nanoparticles have activities comparable to those of good WGS catalysts such as Cu( 111) or Cu( 100). In TiO2-x/Au( 111) and CeO2-x/Au( 111), water dissociates on O vacancies of the oxide nanoparticles, CO adsorbs on Au sites located nearby, and subsequent reaction steps take place at the metal- oxide interface. In these inverse catalysts, the moderate chemical activity of bulk gold is coupled to that of a more reactive oxide. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 27 TC 494 Z9 497 U1 75 U2 601 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1757 EP 1760 DI 10.1126/science.1150038 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800035 PM 18079397 ER PT J AU McNeal, JR Arumugunathan, K Kuehl, JV Boore, JL Depamphilis, CW AF McNeal, Joel R. Arumugunathan, Kathiravetpilla Kuehl, Jennifer V. Boore, Jeffrey L. dePamphilis, Claude W. TI Systematics and plastid genome evolution of the cryptically photosynthetic parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLOPARASITIC FLOWERING PLANTS; DNA-SEQUENCES; MAJOR LINEAGES; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; REFLEXA; CHLOROPLAST; GENES; RBCL; SUBINCLUSA; ASTERIDAE AB Background: The genus Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae), commonly known as dodders, are epiphytic vines that invade the stems of their host with haustorial feeding structures at the points of contact. Although they lack expanded leaves, some species are noticeably chlorophyllous, especially as seedlings and in maturing fruits. Some species are reported as crop pests of worldwide distribution, whereas others are extremely rare and have local distributions and apparent niche specificity. A strong phylogenetic framework for this large genus is essential to understand the interesting ecological, morphological and molecular phenomena that occur within these parasites in an evolutionary context. Results: Here we present a well-supported phylogeny of Cuscuta using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and plastid rps2, rbcL and matK from representatives across most of the taxonomic diversity of the genus. We use the phylogeny to interpret morphological and plastid genome evolution within the genus. At least three currently recognized taxonomic sections are not monophyletic and subgenus Cuscuta is unequivocally paraphyletic. Plastid genes are extremely variable with regards to evolutionary constraint, with rbcL exhibiting even higher levels of purifying selection in Cuscuta than photosynthetic relatives. Nuclear genome size is highly variable within Cuscuta, particularly within subgenus Grammica, and in some cases may indicate the existence of cryptic species in this large clade of morphologically similar species. Conclusion: Some morphological characters traditionally used to define major taxonomic splits within Cuscuta are homoplastic and are of limited use in defining true evolutionary groups. Chloroplast genome evolution seems to have evolved in a punctuated fashion, with episodes of loss involving suites of genes or tRNAs followed by stabilization of gene content in major clades. Nearly all species of Cuscuta retain some photosynthetic ability, most likely for nutrient apportionment to their seeds, while complete loss of photosynthesis and possible loss of the entire chloroplast genome is limited to a single small clade of outcrossing species found primarily in western South America. C1 [McNeal, Joel R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McNeal, Joel R.; dePamphilis, Claude W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McNeal, Joel R.; dePamphilis, Claude W.] Penn State Univ, Inst Mol Evolut Genet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Arumugunathan, Kathiravetpilla] Benaroya Res Inst Virgina Mason, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Kuehl, Jennifer V.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Kuehl, Jennifer V.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP McNeal, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jmcneal@plantbio.uga.edu; karu@benaroyaresearch.org; JVKuehl@lbl.gov; jlboore@calmail.berkeley.edu; cwd3@psu.edu RI dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 5 AR 55 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-5-55 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 268QN UT WOS:000253594400001 PM 18078516 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Lohmann, U Dubey, M Mishchenko, M Kahn, R Ohmura, A AF Chylek, Petr Lohmann, Ulrike Dubey, Manvendra Mishchenko, Michael Kahn, Ralph Ohmura, Atsumu TI Limits on climate sensitivity derived from recent satellite and surface observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL RADIATION BUDGET; THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM; AEROSOL; CONSTRAINTS; ATMOSPHERE; TREND; MODEL AB An analysis of satellite and surface measurements of aerosol optical depth suggests that global average of aerosol optical depth has been recently decreasing at the rate of around 0.0014/a. This decrease is nonuniform with the fastest decrease observed over the United States and Europe. The observed rate of decreasing aerosol optical depth produces the top of the atmosphere radiative forcing that is comparable to forcing due to the current rate of increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Consequently, both increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and decreasing loading of atmospheric aerosols are major contributors to the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing. We find that the climate sensitivity is reduced by at least a factor of 2 when direct and indirect effects of decreasing aerosols are included, compared to the case where the radiative forcing is ascribed only to increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. We find the empirical climate sensitivity to be between 0.29 and 0.48 K/Wm(-2) when aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcing is included. C1 [Chylek, Petr; Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lohmann, Ulrike; Ohmura, Atsumu] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mishchenko, Michael] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kahn, Ralph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S04 DI 10.1029/2007JD008740 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YL UT WOS:000251691600001 ER PT J AU Chan, EM Marcus, MA Fakra, S ElNaggar, M Mathies, RA Alivisatos, AP AF Chan, Emory M. Marcus, Matthew A. Fakra, Sirine ElNaggar, Mariam Mathies, Richard A. Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Millisecond kinetics of nanocrystal cation exchange using microfluidic X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; TIME; SCATTERING; CHIP; SYSTEMS; SENSOR; EXAFS AB We describe the use of a flow-focusing microfluidic reactor to measure the kinetics of the CdSe-to-Ag2Se nanocrystal cation exchange reaction using micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (mu XAS). The small microreactor dimensions facilitate the millisecond mixing of CdSe nanocrystals and Ag+ reactant solutions, and the transposition of the reaction time onto spatial coordinates enables the in situ observation of the millisecond reaction using mu XAS. Selenium K-edge absorption spectra show the progression of CdSe nanocrystals to Ag2Se over the course of 100 ms without the presence of long-lived intermediates. These results, along with supporting stopped-flow absorption experiments, suggest that this nanocrystal cation exchange reaction is highly efficient and provide insight into how the reaction progresses in individual particles. This experiment illustrates the value and potential of in situ microfluidic X-ray synchrotron techniques for detailed studies of the millisecond structural transformations of nanoparticles and other solution-phase reactions in which diffusive mixing initiates changes in local bond structures or oxidation states. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; ElNaggar, Mariam/H-3669-2016 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; ElNaggar, Mariam/0000-0001-9259-0148 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12210 EP 12215 DI 10.1021/jp073474u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000006 PM 17887656 ER PT J AU Goertz, MP Stottrup, BL Houston, JE Zhu, XY AF Goertz, M. P. Stottrup, B. L. Houston, J. E. Zhu, X. -Y. TI Density dependent friction of lipid monolayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; LATERAL FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH; PACKING; GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; ALKANETHIOLS; GENERATION; LUBRICANT AB We measure frictional properties of liquid-expanded and liquid-condensed phases of lipid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers by interfacial force microscopy. We find that over a reasonably broad surface-density range, the friction shear strength of the lipid monolayer film is proportional to the surface area (42-74 angstrom(2)/ molecule) occupied by each molecule. The increase in frictional force (i.e., friction shear strength with molecular area can be attributed to the increased conformational freedom and the resulting increase in the number of available modes for energy dissipation. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, XY (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jehoust@sandia.gov; zhu@chem.umn.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12423 EP 12426 DI 10.1021/jp074073h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000033 PM 17655211 ER PT J AU Szymanski, P Harris, AL Camillone, N AF Szymanski, Paul Harris, Alex L. Camillone, Nicholas, III TI Temperature-dependent femtosecond photoinduced desorption in CO/Pd(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED DESORPTION; SURFACE PHOTOCHEMISTRY; METAL-SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; THERMAL-DESORPTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CO ADSORPTION; ADSORBATE; DYNAMICS AB The desorption of CO from a Pd(111) surface following absorption of 120 fs pulses of 780 nm light occurs on two distinct and well-separated time scales. Two-pulse correlation measurements show a fast subpicosecond decay followed by a slower, similar to 40 ps decay. Simulations based on the two-temperature model of electron and phonon heat baths within the substrate, and an empirical friction model to treat coupling to the adsorbate, support the assignment of the desorption mechanism as an electron-mediated process. The photodesorption yield and overall width of the temporal response exhibit a marked dependence on the initial surface temperature in the 100-375 K range despite the much higher transient electronic temperatures (similar to 7000 K) achieved. The observed temperature dependences can be attributed directly to variations in the initial temperature within the frictional coupling picture. Simulations of this extended data set imply that the activation barrier to photoinduced desorption is equal in magnitude to that derived from thermal desorption experiments for this system within the limits of a one-dimensional Arrhenius desorption model. The simulations also imply that the slower decay is not the result of phonon-driven desorption. Though we cannot unambiguously determine the strength of the adsorbate-phonon coupling, our results suggest that its role is to moderate the degree of the adsorbate excitation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camillone, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nicholas@bnl.gov NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12524 EP 12533 DI 10.1021/jp075923w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000047 PM 17975899 ER PT J AU Levchenko, AA Kolesnikov, AI Ross, NL Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF Li, GS Navrotsky, A AF Levchenko, Andrey A. Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Ross, Nancy L. Boerio-Goates, Juliana Woodfield, Brian F. Li, Guangshe Navrotsky, Alexandra TI Dynamics of water confined on a TiO2 (Anatase) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEAT-CAPACITY; SURFACE-WATER; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MODIFIED ZIRCONIA; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; ICE; NANOPARTICLES AB Inelastic neutron scattering has been employed to probe the vibrational density of states of water confined by an oxide surface, namely, nanoparticles of the anatase polymorph of TiO2. The heat capacity of confined water has been measured by adiabatic calorimetry and compared with values derived from the vibrational density of states. Both inelastic neutron scattering and calorimetry demonstrate restricted mobility and lower heat capacity and entropy of confined water as compared to the bulk. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu RI Levchenko, Andrey/B-7600-2008; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12584 EP 12588 DI 10.1021/jp076033j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000055 PM 17990861 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Zhang, JL Adzic, RR AF Wang, Jia X. Zhang, Junliang Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Double-trap kinetic equation for the oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111) in acidic media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN OXIDATION REACTION; PLATINUM; ADSORPTION; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTROREDUCTION; ELECTRODES; DEPENDENCE; CATALYSTS; ANION; O-2 AB We derived an intrinsic kinetic equation for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media using free energies of activation and adsorption as the kinetic parameters. Our kinetic model consists of four essential elementary reactions: a dissociative adsorption (DA) and a reductive adsorption (RA), which yield two reaction intermediates, 0 and OH; a reductive transition (RT) from 0 to OH; and a reductive desorption (RD) of OH. Analytic expressions were found for the 0 and OH adsorption isotherms by solving the steady-state rate equations. For the ORR on Pt(111) in 0.1 M HClO4 solution, we analyzed the measured polarization curves, thereby deducing activation free energies that are consistent with the values 0 0.46 eV) is not the rate-determining step from theoretical calculations. The reductive adsorption (AG*RA (RDS) for the ORR on Pt because dissociative adsorption (Delta G(DA)*(0) 0.26 eV) offers a more favorable pathway DA at high potentials. It, however, generates strongly adsorbed O. The high activation barriers for the 0 to OH T 0 = 0.45 eV) cause a large potential loss for the transition (Delta G(RD)(*0) = 0.50 eV) and OH desorption (Delta G(RD)(*0) desorption- limited ORR. As the OH coverage increases to a constant value with decreasing potential, the Tafel slope increases to the value determined by a symmetric electron-transfer coefficient. We discuss the role of adsorption isotherm in kinetic analysis and, via activity-and-barrier plots, illustrate why the RDS may vary with reaction conditions or may not exist. Recognizing such features of electrocatalytic reactions can facilitate reaching the long-standing goal of quantitative descriptions and predictions of electrocatalysts' activities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jia@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 28 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 10 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12702 EP 12710 DI 10.1021/jp076104e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000070 PM 18052309 ER PT J AU Kautzman, KE Crider, PE Szpunar, DE Neumark, DM AF Kautzman, Kathryn E. Crider, Paul E. Szpunar, David E. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Dissociative photodetachment studies of I-2(-)center dot Ar: Coincident imaging of two- and three-body product channels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; B-STATE; ELECTRONIC PREDISSOCIATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GROUND-STATE; I-2(-) ANION; WAVE-PACKET; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB Van der Waals clusters serve as prototypical systems for studying processes of energy transfer. The I-2 center dot Ar system has attracted particular interest due to the wide array of decay processes occurring in competition with one another. Here, we present systematic dissociative photodetachment (DPD) studies of the I-2(-) and I-2(-)center dot Ar anions in the region 4.24-4.78 eV. The resulting neutral fragments are detected by time- and position-sensitive TPS) coincident imaging. Photofragment mass distributions and translational energy distributions from the DPD Of I-2(-) are presented and facilitate understanding of the I-2 center dot Ar system. For the I-2 center dot Ar complex, channels resulting from two-body dissociation leading to I-2 + Ar photoproducts are observed at all photon energies employed. We also report the first direct observation of the previously inferred three-body dissociation channel leading to I + I + Ar photoproducts. The relative intensities of each decay channel are investigated in relation to the electronic state being accessed. Translational energy distributions of the I-2 center dot Ar complex lend further insight into the decay mechanism for each channel. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 12795 EP 12801 DI 10.1021/jp0765401 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 239KU UT WOS:000251518000082 PM 18027915 ER PT J AU Bedford, N Dablemont, C Viau, G Chupas, P Petkov, V AF Bedford, N. Dablemont, C. Viau, G. Chupas, P. Petkov, V. TI 3-D structure of nanosized catalysts by high-energy X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations: Study of Ru SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURE; RUTHENIUM NANOPARTICLES; SIZE; PROGRAM AB Ruthenium exhibits a high catalytic activity that is further enhanced when the material is used as nanosized particles. The origin of the enhanced performance lies in the highly increased surface to volume ratio and, often, to the surface/environment-driven structural relaxation taking place at the nanoscale. In this paper, we show how high-energy X-ray diffraction, atomic pair distribution function analysis, and reverse Monte Carlo simulations may be used to determine the 3-D structure of nanoparticle catalysts such as Ru with sizes less than 5 nm. Ruthenium particles that are 4 nm in size are found to possess a hexagonal close packed-type structure, similar to that found in bulk Ru. Particles that are only 2 nm in size are heavily disordered and consist of a Ru core and a Ru-S skin due to the usage of thiol-based capping agents. This work is the first application of an approach for determining the atomic-scale structure of nanosized catalysts based entirely on experimental diffraction data. The new structural information is a starting point for a better understanding of the structure-property relationship and, hence, for the design of improved nanosized catalysts, including Ru. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ Paris 07, UMR 7086, ITODYS, F-75251 Paris 05, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 18214 EP 18219 DI 10.1021/jp0752062 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 239KS UT WOS:000251517800036 ER PT J AU Hadjar, O Futrell, JH Laskin, J AF Hadjar, Omar Futrell, Jean H. Laskin, Julia TI First observation of charge reduction and desorption kinetics of multiply protonated peptides soft landed onto self-assembled monolayer surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETER; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; THERMAL-DESORPTION; POLYATOMIC IONS; RETENTION; CLUSTERS; HOPG; C-58 AB The kinetics of charge reduction and desorption of different species produced by soft-landing of mass-selected ions was studied using in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). The improved SIMS capability described in this work utilizes an in-line 8 keV Cs+ ion gun and allows us to interrogate the surface both during the ion deposition and after the deposition is terminated. As a model system doubly protonated ions of Gramicidin S were deposited onto a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (FSAM) surface. Our results demonstrate for the first time that various peptide-related peaks in FT-ICR SIMS spectra follow very different kinetics. We obtained unique kinetics signatures for doubly protonated, singly protonated and neutral peptides retained on the surface and followed their evolution as a function of time. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with a kinetic model that takes into account charge reduction and thermal desorption of different species from the surface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 18220 EP 18225 DI 10.1021/jp075293y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 239KS UT WOS:000251517800037 ER PT J AU Kim, S Sorescu, DC Yates, JT AF Kim, Sunhee Sorescu, Dan C. Yates, John T., Jr. TI Infrared spectroscopic study of ClCN adsorption on clean and triethylenediamine-precovered gamma-Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CYANO-CONTAINING VAPORS; WAVE BASIS-SET; GAMMA-ALUMINA; HYDROGEN CHLORIDE; ACID SITES; ADSORBED CO; SURFACE; CATALYSTS; HCN AB The effect of triethylenediamine (TEDA) (also named 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane, DABCO) on the adsorption of ClCN on a gamma-Al2O3 absorbent has been investigated. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and theoretical studies indicate that no direct interaction between amine groups of TEDA and ClCN molecules takes place. Instead, we found that TEDA competes with ClCN for active surface sites on gamma-Al2O3. In addition, the adsorption behavior of cyanogen chloride (ClCN) on a clean gamma-Al2O3 surface has been studied. The sequence of the thermally activated processes of diffusion, adsorption, desorption, and decomposition of ClCN molecules on the clean gamma-Al2O3 surface following icelike ClCN layer formation at lower temperature was observed. One of the decomposition products, Al-NCO, was assigned by using an Al-(OH)-O-18 labeled surface for reaction with ClCN. In addition, Al-CN and Al-2-OCN species were also detected upon ClCN decomposition. Good correlation of the calculated vibrational frequencies for the adsorbed species with experimental data is found. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 18226 EP 18235 DI 10.1021/jp075409q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 239KS UT WOS:000251517800038 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Kay, BD White, JM Dohnalek, Z AF Kim, Yu Kwon Kay, Bruce D. White, J. M. Dohnalek, Z. TI Alcohol chemistry on rutile TiO2(110): The influence of alkyl substituents on reactivity and selectivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DIRECT VISUALIZATION; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; OXYGEN VACANCIES; DISSOCIATION; ADSORPTION; DEFECTS; WATER; H2O; O-2 AB Product yields and selectivities, based on ultrahigh vacuum temperature-programmed desorption, are compared for 10 C-2 to C-8 aliphatic alcohols dosed at 100 K on highly ordered TiO2(110) with a 3.5 % concentration of surface oxygen vacancies. Dehydration to form an alkene and water typically dominates, while two other channels, dehydrogenation to form an aldehyde and re-formation of alcohol, make detectable contributions for primary alcohols. Depending on the alcohol, there are two distinct dehydration pathways: one operative at low temperature (LT, 300-425 K) and the other at high temperature (HT, 480-650 K). The HT dehydration pathway is common to all, while the LT channel is not observed for tertiary butanol and 3- and 4-octanol. The observed trends are accounted for in terms of the inductive and steric effects of the alkyl substituents. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Mat Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov; Zdenek.Dohnalek@pnl.gov OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 18236 EP 18242 DI 10.1021/jp075608+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 239KS UT WOS:000251517800039 ER PT J AU Shchukarev, A Boily, JF Felmy, AR AF Shchukarev, Andrei Boily, Jean-Francois Felmy, Andrew R. TI XPS of fast-frozen hematite colloids in NaCl aqueous solutions: I. Evidence for the formation of multiple layers of hydrated sodium and chloride ions induced by the {001} basal plane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM NACL-CACL2-H2O; SOLUTION INTERFACE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; WATER INTERFACE; CRYSTAL FACES; SURFACE; GOETHITE; TEMPERATURES AB The composition of fast-frozen wet pastes of hematite particles of different morphologies equilibrated in NaCl aqueous solutions was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two hematite preparations consisted of micrometer-sized platelets with 42% (HEM-1) and 82% (HEM-8) of the surface terminated by the {001} basal plane and a third of spheroids with no recognizable crystal plane (HEM-control). All hematite samples responded to changes in pH (4 and 9) and ionic strength (0, 10, 100 mM), showing that acid/base reactions of surface hydroxyl groups impact the composition of the paste. The HEM-1 and HEM-8 sample exhibited unusually large Na, Cl, and water contents at the highest ionic strength (100 mM) compared to HEM-control and all other minerals studied with this technique previously. The Na 1s and Cl 2p spectra occurred at binding energies typical of hydrated Na+ and Cl- ions and possessed energy-loss features, suggesting a three-dimensional distribution of these ions in the paste. An approximate stochiometric Na/Cl/H2O ratio of 1:1:2 was obtained in all samples in 100 mM NaCl as well as a strong correlation between the these compounds and the fraction of the {001} basal plane present in the hematite particles. The basal plane of hematite is proposed to induce the formation of a hydrated NaCl structure in the fast-frozen pastes, one that is compositionally reminiscent of hydrohalite (NaCl center dot 2H(2)O), by stabilizing multiple layers of hydrated Na+ and Cl- ions prior to freezing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 49 BP 18307 EP 18316 DI 10.1021/jp075321c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 239KS UT WOS:000251517800048 ER PT J AU Kuriyan, J Eisenberg, D AF Kuriyan, John Eisenberg, David TI The origin of protein interactions and allostery in colocalization SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GLYCOGEN-PHOSPHORYLASE; GENE FUSION; DIMERIC HEMOGLOBIN; REGULATORY SITES; DNA RECOGNITION; FACTOR RECEPTOR AB Two fundamental principles can account for how regulated networks of interacting proteins originated in cells. These are the law of mass action, which holds that the binding of one molecule to another increases with concentration, and the fact that the colocalization of molecules vastly increases their local concentrations. It follows that colocalization can amplify the effect on one protein of random mutations in another protein and can therefore, through natural selection, lead to interactions between proteins and to a startling variety of complex allosteric controls. It also follows that allostery is common and that homologous proteins can have different allosteric mechanisms. Thus, the regulated protein networks of organisms seem to be the inevitable consequence of natural selection operating under physical laws. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Energy Inst Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Energy Inst Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@berkeley.edu; david@mbi.ucla.edu NR 73 TC 214 Z9 216 U1 4 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7172 BP 983 EP 990 DI 10.1038/nature06524 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240HY UT WOS:000251579900068 PM 18075577 ER PT J AU Niestemski, FC Kunwar, S Zhou, S Li, SL Ding, H Wang, ZQ Dai, PC Madhavan, V AF Niestemski, F. C. Kunwar, S. Zhou, S. Li, Shiliang Ding, H. Wang, Ziqiang Dai, Pengcheng Madhavan, V. TI A distinct bosonic mode in an electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DENSITY; STATES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ND1.85CE0.15CUO4; DISPERSION; PHONONS; GLUE AB Despite recent advances in understanding high- transition-temperature ( high-T-c) superconductors, there is no consensus on the origin of the superconducting 'glue': that is, the mediator that binds electrons into superconducting pairs. The main contenders are lattice vibrations(1,2) ( phonons) and spin- excitations(3,4), with the additional possibility of pairing without mediators(5). In conventional superconductors, phonon- mediated pairing was unequivocally established by data from tunnelling experiments(6). Proponents of phonons as the high- T-c glue were therefore encouraged by the recent scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments on hole- doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-delta ( BSCCO) that reveal an oxygen lattice vibrational mode whose energy is anticorrelated with the superconducting gap energy scale(7). Here we report high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements of the electron- doped high- T-c superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 ( PLCCO) ( T-c= 24 K) that reveal a bosonic excitation ( mode) at energies of 10.5 +/- 2.5 meV. This energy is consistent with both spin- excitations in PLCCO measured by inelastic neutron scattering ( resonance mode)(8) and a low- energy acoustic phonon mode(9), but differs substantially from the oxygen vibrational mode identified in BSCCO. Our analysis of the variation of the local mode energy and intensity with the local gap energy scale indicates an electronic origin of the mode consistent with spin- excitations rather than phonons. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Madhavan, V (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM madhavan@bc.edu RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhou, Sen/F-5667-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7172 BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1038/nature06430 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240HY UT WOS:000251579900081 PM 18075588 ER PT J AU Karsch, F Kitazawa, M AF Karsch, Frithjof Kitazawa, Masakiyo TI Spectral properties of quarks above T-c in quenched lattice QCD SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HOT GAUGE-THEORIES; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GLUON PLASMA; CHIRAL TRANSITION; COLLABORATION; EXCITATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; IDENTITIES; AMPLITUDES; PROPAGATOR AB We analyze the quark spectral function above the critical temperature for deconfinement in quenched lattice QCD using clover improved Wilson fermions in Landau gauge. We show that the temporal quark correlator is well reproduced by a two-pole approximation for the spectral function and analyze the bare quark mass dependence of both poles as well as their residues. In the chiral limit we find that the quark spectral function has two collective modes which correspond to the normal and plasmino excitations. At large values of the bare quark mass the spectral function is dominated by a single pole. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kitazawa, Masakiyo] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Karsch, Frithjof] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kitazawa, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM karsch@quark.phy.bnl.gov; kitazawa@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.10.034 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 244WG UT WOS:000251895400008 ER PT J AU O'Connell, MJ Chan, CK Li, WG Hicks, RK Doorn, SK Wang, HL AF O'Connell, Michael J. Chan, Candace K. Li, Wenguang Hicks, Raea K. Doorn, Stephen K. Wang, Hsing-Lin TI Polyelectrolyte platform for sensitive detection of biological analytes via reversible fluorescence quenching SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyelectrolyte; fluorescence; electrostatic interaction ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; NONSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTEINS; SENSORS; ENCAPSULATION; BINDING; DERIVATIVES; STABILITY AB Non-conjugated polyelectrolytes were used to quench oppositely charged fluorescent dye-ligand conjugate (DLC) molecules by bringing them to the vicinity of the polyelectrolyte backbone to form aggregates and hence quench the dye fluorescence. As target protein molecules are added to the solution, the specific interaction between the DLC and the protein disrupts the aggregate structure, thus recovering the luminescence. The binding of DLC to oppositely charged polyelectrolyte and the disruption of the aggregates are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The static-quenching mechanism is clearly manifested in the Stem-Volmer plots that show the decrease in slope with increasing temperature. This polyelectrolyte-based sensing platform has a sensitivity of <100 pM. We also show the selectivity of this platform by comparing the fluorescence recovery between two proteins (avidin and bovine serum albumin) with similar molecular weight. Our results suggest a highly sensitive approach for detecting biological analytes. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [O'Connell, Michael J.; Chan, Candace K.; Li, Wenguang; Hicks, Raea K.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Wang, Hsing-Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hwang@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 26 BP 7582 EP 7589 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.036 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 250GW UT WOS:000252289000019 ER PT J AU Ruan, CM Luo, WS Wang, W Gu, BH AF Ruan, Chuanmin Luo, Wensui Wang, Wei Gu, Baohua TI Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for uranium detection and analysis in environmental samples SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; uranium detection; groundwater; gold nanoparticles ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METAL-IONS; SCATTERING; SERS; DIOXOURANIUM(VI); COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; COLLOIDS; ACIDS AB Techniques for rapid screening of uranium in environmental samples are needed, and this study entails the development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for analyzing uranium in aqueous media with improved sensitivity and reproducibility. A new SERS substrate based on (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (APA)-modified gold nanoparticles was found to give greater than three orders of magnitude SERS enhancement compared with unmodified bare gold nanoparticles. Intensities of uranyl band at about 830 cm(-1) were proportional to the concentrations of uranium in solution, especially at relatively low concentrations (<10(-5) M). A detection limit of similar to 8 x 10(-1) M was achieved with a good reproducibility since the measurement was performed directly in dispersed aqueous suspension. Without pretreatment, the technique was successfully employed for detecting uranium in a highly contaminated groundwater with a low pH, high dissolved salts (e.g., nitrate, sulfate, calcium and aluminum) and total organic carbon. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ruan, Chuanmin; Luo, Wensui] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831