FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Batista, CD Schmalian, J Kawashima, N Sengupta, P Sebastian, SE Harrison, N Jaime, M Fisher, IR AF Batista, C. D. Schmalian, J. Kawashima, N. Sengupta, P. Sebastian, S. E. Harrison, N. Jaime, M. Fisher, I. R. TI Geometric frustration and dimensional reduction at a quantum critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We show that the spatial dimensionality of the quantum critical point associated with Bose-Einstein condensation at T=0 is reduced when the underlying lattice comprises layers coupled by a frustrating interaction. Our theoretical predictions for the critical behavior correspond very well with recent measurements in BaCuSi2O6 [ S. E. Sebastian et al., Nature (London) 441, 617 (2006)]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2278581, Japan. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Batista, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 257201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.257201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400047 PM 17678050 ER PT J AU Buth, C Santra, R Young, L AF Buth, Christian Santra, Robin Young, Linda TI Electromagnetically induced transparency for X rays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; GENERATION; IONIZATION; PULSES; ATOMS AB Electromagnetically induced transparency is predicted for x rays in laser-dressed neon gas. The x-ray photoabsorption cross section and polarizability near the Ne K edge are calculated using an ab initio theory suitable for optical strong-field problems. The laser wavelength is tuned close to the transition between 1s(-1)3s and 1s(-1)3p (similar to 800 nm). The minimum laser intensity required to observe electromagnetically induced transparency is of the order of 10(12) W/cm(2). The ab initio results are discussed in terms of an exactly solvable three-level model. This work opens new opportunities for research with ultrafast x-ray sources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buth, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014; Buth, Christian/A-2834-2017 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815; Buth, Christian/0000-0002-5866-3443 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 253001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.253001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400016 PM 17678019 ER PT J AU Prozorov, R AF Prozorov, Ruslan TI Equilibrium topology of the intermediate state in type-I superconductors of different shapes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION; SLAB AB A high-resolution magneto-optical technique was used to analyze flux patterns in the intermediate state of bulk Pb samples of various shapes-cones, hemispheres, and discs. Combined with the measurements of macroscopic magnetization, these results allowed studying the effect of bulk pinning and geometric barrier on the equilibrium structure of the intermediate state. Zero-bulk pinning discs and slabs show hysteretic behavior due to topological hysteresis-flux tubes on penetration and lamellae on flux exit. (Hemi)spheres and cones do not have a geometric barrier and show no hysteresis with flux tubes dominating the intermediate field region in both regimes. It is concluded that flux tubes represent the equilibrium topology of the intermediate state. Real-time video is available in the EPAPS Document No. E-PRLTAO-98-024726.. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 257001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.257001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400043 PM 17678046 ER PT J AU Michel, FM Ehm, L Antao, SM Lee, PL Chupas, PJ Liu, G Strongin, DR Schoonen, MAA Phillips, BL Parise, JB AF Michel, F. Marc Ehm, Lars Antao, Sytle M. Lee, Peter L. Chupas, Peter J. Liu, Gang Strongin, Daniel R. Schoonen, Martin A. A. Phillips, Brian L. Parise, John B. TI The structure of ferrihydrite, a nanocrystalline material SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC 6-LINE FERRIHYDRITE; PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON NANODIFFRACTION; IRON-OXIDES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURE; FERRITIN; MODEL AB Despite the ubiquity of ferrihydrite in natural sediments and its importance as an industrial sorbent, the nanocrystallinity of this iron oxyhydroxide has hampered accurate structure determination by traditional methods that rely on long-range order. We uncovered the atomic arrangement by real-space modeling of the pair distribution function (PDF) derived from direct Fourier transformation of the total x-ray scattering. The PDF for ferrihydrite synthesized with the use of different routes is consistent with a single phase (hexagonal space group P6(3)mc; a = similar to 5.95 angstroms, c = similar to 9.06 angstroms). In its ideal form, this structure contains 20% tetrahedrally and 80% octahedrally coordinated iron and has a basic structural motif closely related to the Baker-Figgis delta-Keggin cluster. Real-space fitting indicates structural relaxation with decreasing particle size and also suggests that second-order effects such as internal strain, stacking faults, and particle shape contribute to the PDFs. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CEMS, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Michel, FM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CEMS, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM fmichel@ic.sunysb.edu RI Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 30 TC 353 Z9 356 U1 20 U2 227 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5832 BP 1726 EP 1729 DI 10.1126/science.1142525 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 180XE UT WOS:000247400500041 PM 17525301 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Wang, WG Leung, LR Kaiser, DP AF Qian, Yun Wang, Weiguo Leung, L. Ruby Kaiser, Dale P. TI Variability of solar radiation under cloud-free skies in China: The role of aerosols SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE; CLIMATE; TRENDS; IMPACTS AB Analysis of long-term surface global and diffuse solar radiation, aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), and relative humidity ( RH) data reveals that much of China experienced significant decreases in global solar radiation (GSR) and increases in diffuse solar radiation under cloud-free skies between the 1960s and 1980s. With RH and aerosol SSA being rather constant during that time period, we suggest that the increasing aerosol loading from emission of pollutants is responsible for the observed reduced GSR and increased diffuse radiation in cloud-free skies. Although pollutant emissions continue to increase after the 1980s, the increment of aerosol SSA since 1980s can partly explain the transition of GSR from a decreasing trend to no apparent trend around that time. Preliminary analysis is also provided on the potential role of RH in affecting the global and diffuse solar radiation reaching the earth surface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-24, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yun.qian@pnl.gov RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 26 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12804 DI 10.1029/2006GL028800 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 182VW UT WOS:000247533100001 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, Peter J. TI Comment on "Free energy of solvation of simple ions: Molecular dynamics study of solvation of Cl- and Na+ in the ice/water interface" [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 034706 (2005)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID ICE; HYDROGEN; CRYSTALS; ENTROPY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 23 AR 237101 DI 10.1063/1.2737332 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181XG UT WOS:000247469100051 PM 17600447 ER PT J AU Liu, J Miller, WH AF Liu, Jian Miller, William H. TI Real time correlation function in a single phase space integral beyond the linearized semiclassical initial value representation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; QUANTUM-STATISTICAL MECHANICS; RATE CONSTANTS; SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION; COLLISIONS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY AB It is shown how quantum mechanical time correlation functions [defined, e.g., in Eq. (1.1)] can be expressed, without approximation, in the same form as the linearized approximation of the semiclassical initial value representation (LSC-IVR), or classical Wigner model, for the correlation function [cf. Eq. (2.1)], i.e., as a phase space average (over initial conditions for trajectories) of the Wigner functions corresponding to the two operators. The difference is that the trajectories involved in the LSC-IVR evolve classically, i.e., according to the classical equations of motion, while in the exact theory they evolve according to generalized equations of motion that are derived here. Approximations to the exact equations of motion are then introduced to achieve practical methods that are applicable to complex (i.e., large) molecular systems. Four such methods are proposed in the paper-the full Wigner dynamics (full WD) and the second order WD based on "Wigner trajectories" [H. W. Lee and M. D. Scully, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 4604 (1982)] and the full Donoso-Martens dynamics (full DMD) and the second order DMD based on "Donoso-Martens trajectories" [A. Donoso and C. C. Martens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8722, 223202 (2001)]-all of which can be viewed as generalizations of the original LSC-IVR method. Numerical tests of the four versions of this new approach are made for two anharmonic model problems, and for each the momentum autocorrelation function (i.e., operators linear in coordinate or momentum operators) and the force autocorrelation function (nonlinear operators) have been calculated. These four new approximate treatments are indeed seen to be significant improvements to the original LSC-IVR approximation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, KS Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, KS Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jianliu@berkeley.edu; millerwh@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Jian/B-2274-2012 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0002-2906-5858 NR 57 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 23 AR 234110 DI 10.1063/1.2743023 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181XG UT WOS:000247469100011 PM 17600407 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA AF Shkrob, Ilya A. TI The structure of the hydrated electron. Part 1. Magnetic resonance of internally trapping water anions: A density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID ALKALINE ICE GLASS; QUANTUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS SOLVATED ELECTRON; 77 DEGREES K; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; TIME-RESOLVED CONDUCTIVITY; INTEGRAL MONTE-CARLO; EXCESS ELECTRONS; AB-INITIO; LIQUID-AMMONIA AB Density functional theory is used to rationalize magnetic parameters of hydrated electron trapped in alkaline glasses as observed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies. To this end, model water cluster anions (n = 4-8 and n = 20, 24) that localize the electron internally are examined. It is shown that hyperfine coupling tensors of H/D nuclei in the water molecules are defined mainly by the cavity size and the coordination number of the electron; the water molecules in the second solvation shell play a relatively minor role. An idealized model of the hydrated electron (that is usually attributed to L. Kevan) in which six hydroxyl groups arranged in an octahedral pattern point toward the common center is shown to provide the closest match to the experimental parameters, such as isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants for the protons (estimated from ESEEM), the second moment of the EPR spectra, and the radius of gyration. The salient feature is the significant transfer (10-20%) of spin density into the frontal O 2p orbitals of water molecules. Spin bond polarization involving these oxygen orbitals accounts for small, negative hyperfine coupling constants for protons in hydroxyl groups that form the electron-trapping cavity. In Part 2, these results are generalized for more realistic geometries of core anions obtained using a dynamic one-electron mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov NR 141 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 5223 EP 5231 DI 10.1021/jp068278m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178JI UT WOS:000247216600014 PM 17530822 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Glover, WJ Larsen, RE Schwartz, BJ AF Shkrob, Ilya A. Glover, William J. Larsen, Ross E. Schwartz, Benjamin J. TI The structure of the hydrated electron. Part 2. A mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics embedded cluster density functional theory: Single-excitation configuration interaction study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE ICE GLASS; AQUEOUS SOLVATED ELECTRON; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; HYDRONIUM-WATER CLUSTERS; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; TRAPPED ELECTRONS; AB-INITIO; EXCESS ELECTRONS; SEMICONTINUUM MODEL; QUANTUM SIMULATION AB Adiabatic mixed quantum/classical (MQC) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to generate snapshots of the hydrated electron in liquid water at 300 K. Water cluster anions that include two complete solvation shells centered on the hydrated electron were extracted from the MQC MD simulations and embedded in a roughly 18 angstrom x 18 angstrom x 18 angstrom matrix of fractional point charges designed to represent the rest of the solvent. Density functional theory (DFT) with the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functional and single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) methods were then applied to these embedded clusters. The salient feature of these hybrid DFT(CIS)/MQC MD calculations is significant transfer (similar to 18%) of the excess electron's charge density into the 2p orbitals of oxygen atoms in OH groups forming the solvation cavity. We used the results of these calculations to examine the structure of the singly occupied and the lower unoccupied molecular orbitals, the density of states, the absorption spectra in the visible and ultraviolet, the hyperfine coupling (hfcc) tensors, and the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of these embedded water cluster anions. The calculated hfcc tensors were used to compute electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectra for the hydrated electron that compared favorably to the experimental spectra of trapped electrons in alkaline ice. The calculated vibrational spectra of the hydrated electron are consistent with the red-shifted bending and stretching frequencies observed in resonance Raman experiments. In addition to reproducing the visible/near IR absorption spectrum, the hybrid DFT model also accounts for the hydrated electron's 190-nm absorption band in the ultraviolet. Thus, our study suggests that to explain several important experimentally observed properties of the hydrated electron, many-electron effects must be accounted for: one-electron models that do not allow for mixing of the excess electron density with the frontier orbitals of the first-shell solvent molecules cannot explain the observed magnetic, vibrational, and electronic properties of this species. Despite the need for multielectron effects to explain these important properties, the ensemble-averaged radial wavefunctions and energetics of the highest occupied and three lowest unoccupied orbitals of the hydrated electrons in our hybrid model are close to the s- and p-like states obtained in one-electron models. Thus, one-electron models can provide a remarkably good approximation to the multielectron picture of the hydrated electron for many applications; indeed, the two approaches appear to be complementary. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov; schwartz@chem.ucla.edu RI Glover, William/A-6968-2010; Larsen, Ross/E-4225-2010; OI Larsen, Ross/0000-0002-2928-9835; Glover, William/0000-0002-2908-5680; Schwartz, Benjamin/0000-0003-3257-9152 NR 92 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 5232 EP 5243 DI 10.1021/jp0682816 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178JI UT WOS:000247216600015 PM 17530823 ER PT J AU Rhee, YM Head-Gordon, M AF Rhee, Young Min Head-Gordon, Martin TI Scaled second-order perturbation corrections to configuration interaction singles: Efficient and reliable excitation energy methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED-STATES; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; MP2 ENERGY; BASIS-SETS; GRADIENT; APPROXIMATIONS; RESOLUTION; SPIN; IMPLEMENTATION AB Two modifications of the perturbative doubles correction to configuration interaction with single substitutions (CIS(D)) are suggested, which are excited state analogues of ground state scaled second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2) methods. The first approach employs two parameters to scale the two spin components of the direct term of CIS(D), starting from the two-parameter spin-component scaled (SCS) MP2 ground state, and is termed SCS-CIS(D). An efficient resolution-of-the-identity (RI) implementation of this approach is described. The second approach employs a single parameter to scale only the opposite-spin direct term of CIS(D), starting from the one-parameter scaled opposite-spin (SOS) MP2 ground state, and is called SOS-CIS(D). By utilizing auxiliary basis expansions and a Laplace transform, a fourth-order algorithm for SOS-CIS(D) is described and implemented. The parameters that describe SCS-CIS(D) and SOS-CIS(D) are optimized based on a training set that includes valence excitations of various organic molecules and Rydberg transitions of water and ammonia, and they significantly improve upon CIS(D) itself. The accuracy of the two methods is found to be comparable. This arises from a strong correlation between the same-spin and the opposite-spin portions of the excitation energy terms. The methods are successfully applied to the zincbacteriochlorin-bacteriochlorin charge-transfer transition, for which time-dependent density functional theory, with presently available exchange-correlation functionals, is known to fail. The methods are also successfully applied to describe various electronic transitions outside of the training set. The efficiency of the SOS-CIS(D) and the auxiliary basis implementation of CIS(D) and SCS-CIS(D) are confirmed with a series of timing tests. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Rhee, Young/E-9940-2012 NR 51 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 5314 EP 5326 DI 10.1021/jp068409j PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178JI UT WOS:000247216600025 PM 17521172 ER PT J AU Holroyd, RA Preses, JM Nishikawa, M Itoh, K AF Holroyd, Richard A. Preses, Jack M. Nishikawa, Masaru Itoh, Kengo TI Energetics and volume changes in electron attachment to pyrazine in supercritical xenon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; EXCESS ELECTRONS; MONTE-CARLO; ETHANE; FLUIDS; IONIZATION; ANTHRACENE; BEHAVIOR; CLUSTER AB The attachment of electrons to pyrazine occurs reversibly over a wide range of pressures at and above room temperature in supercritical xenon. The rate constant for attachment increases with pressure at low pressures, passes through a maximum, and levels off at values of 1-3 x 10(12) m(-1) s(-1) at high pressure. The activation volumes for attachment (Delta V-a(*)) are quite small but show maxima near the compressibility maxima. In contrast, Delta V-a(*) is always negative for this reaction in sc-ethane and exhibits minima near the compressibility maxima. The rate constants for electron detachment change little with pressure but increase with temperature. Activation volumes for detachment are small. To explain the small volume change observed for this reaction, it is proposed that at the higher pressures clustering around the neutral pyrazine is comparable to that around the ion; i.e., the partial molar volumes are comparable. The free energy change (Delta G(r)) of this reaction decreases between 40 and 60 bar and then is fairly constant at higher pressures. The dependence of Delta G(r) on pressure is consistent with clustering around the neutral pyrazine at higher pressure. Also, the electron affinity of the clusters, pyrazineXe(n), increases with n to a few tenths of an eV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kanazawa Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Atsugi 2430292, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Pure & Appl Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Holroyd, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6684 EP 6689 DI 10.1021/jp065922o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800012 PM 17567095 ER PT J AU Creutz, C AF Creutz, Carol TI Nonadiabatic, short-range, intramolecular electron transfer from ruthenium(II) to cobalt(III) complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER ABSORPTION; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; EXCHANGE-REACTION; LASER EXCITATION; BRIDGING LIGANDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METAL-COMPLEXES; ENTROPY CHANGES; SELF-EXCHANGE; REDOX COUPLES AB The activation parameters reported for intramolecular electron-transfer between ruthenium(II) and cobalt(III) complexes have been corrected for the thermodynamic contributions of the entropy change for the reaction Delta S-0 to the entropy of activation Delta S*, and it is concluded that these electron-transfers range from adiabatic (pyrazine bridge) to highly nonadiabatic. The electronic factors are about 20 times smaller than for diruthenium mixed-valence complexes. Spanning the metal-metal separation range of 7-14 angstrom over which beta = 0.7 angstrom(-1), the electron-transfer rates are dominated by the electronic factors, which change three times more with separation than do the nuclear factors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6713 EP 6717 DI 10.1021/jp0687450 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800016 PM 17388525 ER PT J AU Feldberg, SW AF Feldberg, Stephen W. TI Dimensional analysis of chronoamperometry: Proof and verification of Cottrellian behavior of systems with composition-dependent diffusion coefficients SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC REDOX LIQUIDS; BAND ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; SITES AB Chronoamperometry with a Dirichlet boundary condition and semi-infinite linear diffusion exhibits Cottrellian behavior, that is, the product it(1/2) is constant as a function of time as long as the system is initially homogeneous, a conclusion that can be reached using only dimensional analysis; no detailed mathematical analysis is required. The generality of this result is known to include purely diffusional systems and systems in which transport also involves migration. In the present work, it is shown that Cottrellian behavior obtains, even when the system diffusion coefficients are a function of system composition, regardless of the exact form of that function. These conclusions are confirmed by simulations of examples for purely diffusional systems as well as for systems with migration. Some experimental examples from the literature are cited. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feldberg, SW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Feldberg@BNL.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6761 EP 6765 DI 10.1021/jp0688963 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800021 PM 17489627 ER PT J AU Shao, MH Liu, P Zhang, JL Adzic, R AF Shao, Minhua Liu, Ping Zhang, Junliang Adzic, Radoslav TI Origin of enhanced activity in palladium alloy electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; THERMODYNAMIC GUIDELINES; BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE SEGREGATION; PD; PLATINUM; CO; MONOLAYER AB We explored the origin of the enhanced activity of Pd-alloy electrocatalysts for the O-2 reduction reaction by correlating the electrocatalytic activity of intrinsic Pd and Pt surfaces and Pd and Pt overlayers on several substrates with their electronic properties, and established the volcano-type dependence of O-2 reduction activity on the binding energy of oxygen and the d-band center of the top metal layer. Intrinsic Pd and Pt surfaces bind oxygen too firmly to allow efficient removal of the adsorbed reaction intermediates. Therefore, they do not have the highest activity and are not on the top of the volcano plot. A Pd overlayer on a Pd3Fe(111) alloy, was predicted to lie on top of the volcano plot, and thus, it appears to be the most active catalyst among investigated ones because of its moderate interaction with oxygen. The results can help in designing better electrocatalysts for fuel cells and other applications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adzic, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov OI Shao, Minhua/0000-0003-4496-0057 NR 33 TC 171 Z9 177 U1 12 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6772 EP 6775 DI 10.1021/jp0689971 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800023 PM 17441757 ER PT J AU Smalley, JF AF Smalley, John F. TI Prediction of standard interfacial electron-transfer rate constants for the Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+) couple through omega-hydroxyalkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL RATE-CONSTANT; INDUCED TEMPERATURE-JUMP; THIOL COATED ELECTRODES; TRANSFER KINETICS; MARCUS THEORY; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; REORGANIZATION ENERGY; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; MERCURY-ELECTRODES; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB Two relatively simple approaches are developed and used to calculate (predict) the standard interfacial electron-transfer (ET) rate constants (k degrees) of the Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+) couple dissolved in aqueous electrolyte solutions in contact with Au electrodes coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of HS(CH2)(n)OH as functions of both n and temperature. These approaches are suggested by the conclusion reached by Smalley et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem. 2006, 589, 1-6) that the interfacial ET rate of a solution-dissolved redox couple in contact with a SAM is, within 1 order of magnitude, the same as the (normalized) interfacial ET rate of a similar attached (as a constituent of a similar SAM) couple. The calculations, therefore, employ the measured electronic coupling of the attached (to Au electrodes through alkanethiolate bridges) -PyRu(NH3)(5)(3+/2+) couple. The two approaches also both include dynamic solvent effects on the ET kinetics and the influence of electronic coupling on the activation barrier for the ET reaction. At T = 298 K and n = 3, 11, and 14, the predicted rate constants are in very good agreement with the existing measurements of k degrees. However, for n < 3 at 298 K, the predicted rate constants are extremely large (i.e., > 4.5 cm s(-1)) and do not tend toward a limiting value. Additionally, even if the electronic coupling between a Au electrode and a Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+) moiety located at the surface of the SAM is > 0.1 eV, the calculated standard rate constant is not directly proportional to the inverse of the longitudinal dielectric time of the solvent. A primary reason for both the absence of a limiting value for the predicted k degrees's at 298 K and the attenuated influence of dynamic solvent effects is the activation energy barrier suppression caused by large values of the electronic coupling. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Smalley, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Smalley@bnl.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6798 EP 6806 DI 10.1021/jp070074y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800027 PM 17391021 ER PT J AU Jang, S Newton, MD Silbey, RJ AF Jang, Seogjoo Newton, Marshall D. Silbey, Robert J. TI Multichromophoric forster resonance energy transfer from B800 to B850 in the light harvesting complex 2: Evidence for subtle energetic optimization by purple bacteria SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIAL PHOTOSYSTEM-I; ECHO PEAK SHIFT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-ACIDOPHILA; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; EXCITATION TRANSFER; ANTENNA COMPLEX; LH2 COMPLEXES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC UNIT; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB This work provides a detailed account of the application of our multichromophoric Forster resonance energy transfer (MC-FRET) theory (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 218301) for the calculation of the energy transfer rate from the B800 unit to the B850 unit in the light harvesting complex 2 (LH2) of purple bacteria. The model Hamiltonian consists of the B800 unit represented by a single bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), the B850 unit represented by its entire set of BChls, the electronic coupling between the two units, and the bath terms representing all environmental degrees of freedom. The model parameters are determined, independent of the rate calculation, from the literature data and by a fitting to an ensemble line shape. Comparing our theoretical rate and a low-temperature experimental rate, we estimate the magnitude of the BChl-Q(y) transition dipole to be in the range of 6.5-7.5 D, assuming that the optical dielectric constant of the medium is in the range of 1.5-2. We examine how the bias of the average excitation energy of the B800-BChl relative to that of the B850-BChl affects the energy transfer time by calculating the transfer rates based on both our MC-FRET theory and the original FRET theory, varying the value of the bias. Within our model, we find that the value of bias 260 cm(-1), which we determine from the fitting to an ensemble line shape, is very close to the value at which the ratio between MC-FRET and FRET rates is a maximum. This provides evidence that the bacterial system utilizes the quantum mechanical coherence among the multiple chromophores within the B850 in a constructive way so as to achieve efficient energy transfer from B800 to B850. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jang, S (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM Seogjoo.Jang@qc.cuny.edu NR 62 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6807 EP 6814 DI 10.1021/jp070111l PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800028 PM 17439170 ER PT J AU Muckerman, JT Fujita, E Hoff, CD Kubas, GJ AF Muckerman, James T. Fujita, Etsuko Hoff, Carl D. Kubas, Gregory J. TI Theoretical investigation of the binding of small molecules and the intramolecular agostic interaction at tungsten centers with carbonyl and phosphine ligands SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; H-H BOND; HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; TRANSITION-METALS; BASIS-SET; ORBITAL METHODS; OXIDATIVE ADDITION AB The factors controlling both the binding of small molecules to several tungsten complexes and agostic bonding in the W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2) complex have been examined through B3LYP hybrid density functional theory and ab initio MP2 calculations with and without basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrections. This approach attempts to isolate insofar as possible the separate effects of intrinsic bonding interactions, electron induction by ligands, and steric hindrance and strain. An important conclusion from this study is that for bimolecular reactions, BSSE corrections must be included for quantitative predictions. There is a reasonably good correlation between the BSSE-corrected B3LYP and MP2 results for bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of very small molecules (H-2, N-2, and CO), but generally B3LYP BDEs tend to be smaller than the corresponding MP2 values. In the few cases where a comparison with experimental data can be appropriately made, it appears that the BSSE-corrected MP2 BDEs are more reliable. Using N-2 as a probe molecule, the strength of the agostic bond in W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2) has been examined by calculating the BDE of N-2 in a series of tungsten complexes with increasing electron inducing effect without agostic bonding, then extrapolating the expected trend to the case of agostically bonded W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2). Comparison of the extrapolated value to the calculated BDE of W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2)(N-2) yields an estimated strength of the agostic bond of from 7 to 9 kcal mol(-1). Approximately 5 kcal mol(-1) of the interaction is assigned to the net agostic interaction associated with moving from a nonagostic local minimum configuration of the PCy3 ligands to the agostically bonded global minimum. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muckerman, JT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM muckerma@bnl.gov; fujita@bnl.gov RI Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6815 EP 6821 DI 10.1021/jp070153+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800029 PM 17511495 ER PT J AU Lymar, SV Shafirovich, V AF Lymar, Sergei V. Shafirovich, Vladimir TI Photoinduced release of nitroxyl and nitric oxide from diazeniumdiolates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-SYSTEM; NITROSYL COMPLEXES; FREE-RADICALS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; NO; REDUCTION; HNO; PEROXYNITRITE AB Aqueous photochemistry of diazen-1-ium-1,2,2-triolate (Angeli's anion) and (Z)-1[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DPTA NONOate) has been investigated by laser kinetic spectroscopy. In neutral aqueous solutions, 266 nm photolysis of these diazeniumdiolates generates a unique spectrum of primary products including the ground-state triplet ((NO-)-N-3) and singlet ((HNO)-H-1) nitroxyl species and nitric oxide (NO center dot). Formation of these spectrophotometrically invisible products is revealed and quantitatively assayed by analyzing a complex set of their cross-reactions leading to the formation of colored intermediates, the N2O2 center dot- radical and N3O3- anion. The experimental design employed takes advantage of the extremely slow spin-forbidden protic equilibration between (NO-)-N-3 and (HNO)-H-1 and the vast difference in their reactivity toward NO center dot. To account for the kinetic data, a novel combination reaction, (NO-)-N-3 + (HNO)-H-1, is introduced, and its rate constant of 6.6 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1) is measured by competition with the reduction of methyl viologen by (NO-)-N-3. The latter reaction occurring with 2.1 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1) rate constant and leading to the stable, colored methyl viologen radical cation is useful for detection of (NO-)-N-3. The distributions of the primary photolysis products (Angeli's anion: 22% (NO-)-N-3, 58% (HNO)-H-1, and 20% NO center dot; DPTA NONOate: 3% (NO-)-N-3, 12% (HNO)-H-1, and 85% NO center dot) show that neither diazeniumdiolate is a highly selective photochemical generator of nitroxyl species or nitric oxide, although the selectivity of DPTA NONOate for NO center dot generation is clearly greater. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Radiat & Solid State Lab, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shafirovich, V (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM vs5@nyu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011589-06, R01 ES11589, R01 ES011589] NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6861 EP 6867 DI 10.1021/jp070959+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800035 PM 17488001 ER PT J AU Issa, JB Salameh, AS Castner, EW Wishart, JF Isied, SS AF Issa, Joseph B. Salameh, Abdu S. Castner, Edward W., Jr. Wishart, James F. Isied, Stephan S. TI Conformational analysis of the electron-transfer kinetics across oligoproline peptides using N,N-dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine donors and pyrene-1-sulfonyl acceptors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; ALPHA-HELICAL PEPTIDES; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; TRANSFER RATES; PROLINE; FIELD; PROTEINS; SOLVENT; PYRENE; MODEL AB Photoinduced intramolecular charge separation across proline-bridged donor-acceptor complexes of the type Pyr-(Pro)(n)-DMPD (where Pyr = pyrene-1-sulfonyl and DMPD = N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) was studied. The steady-state emission spectrum for n = 0, 1, 2, 3 showed an increase in emission intensity with the number of proline residues. Time-dependent emission measured by streak camera showed increasing emission signal amplitude with increasing n, along with a decrease in decay rate. In all these studies, Pyr-Pro was used as a control complex for the decay of the excited pyrene acceptor moiety without the donor DMPD. Detailed photon counting experiments carried out in DMF/water, DMF, and toluene showed single-exponential kinetics for n = 0, 1 and multiexponential kinetics for n = 2, 3. Rate constants observed in DMF are for n = 0, k = similar to 5 x 10(10) s(-1); n = 1, k = 9.70 x 10(8) s(-1); n = 2, k = 35.9 x 10(8) s(-1) (70%) and 5.58 x 10(8) s(-1) (30%); and n = 3, k = 16.6 x 10(8) s(-1) (55%) and 3.87 x 10(8) s(-1) (45%). These results show that a significant percentage of the n = 2 and n = 3 molecules undergo faster electron transfer than for the n = 1 case. Conformational analysis for Pyr-(Pro)(n)-DMPD molecules in water showed that whereas only one conformation is possible for n = 1, eight are possible for n = 2, and 32 are possible for n = 3. Calculation of the free energy and electronic coupling for these conformers in water showed that only a few of these conformations have the appropriate energy and electronic coupling to be observed in the experimental time window from 20 ps to 20 ns. Assignment of the conformers undergoing electron transfer in Pyr-(Pro)(n)-DMPD for n = 2 and 3 was based on the values for the n = 1 case, for which the measured rate constant is similar to 10(9) s(-1) and the calculated electronic coupling matrix element H-da is 297 cm(-1). The similarity in ground state energy between the cis and trans conformers for n = 2 and 3, their use in aqueous-organic and organic solvents, and the nature of the Pyr and DMPD acceptor and donor groups could be contributing causes for the multiexponential kinetics, which was not observed for the metal ion derivatives of proline peptides studied earlier in aqueous solution. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Chem, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Isied, SS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM isied@rutchem.rutgers.edu RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6878 EP 6886 DI 10.1021/jp071599t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800037 PM 17539676 ER PT J AU Funston, AM Lymar, SV Saunders-Price, B Czapski, G Miller, JR AF Funston, Alison M. Lymar, Sergei V. Saunders-Price, Barbara Czapski, Gidon Miller, John R. TI Rate and driving force for protonation of aryl radical anions in ethanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; FREE-ENERGY RELATIONS; POLAR ENVIRONMENT; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS; INVERTED REGION; EXCESS ELECTRON; LIQUID ETHANOL AB Aryl radical anions created in liquid alcohols decay on the microsecond time scale by transfer of protons from the solvent.(1,2) This paper reports a 4.5 decade range of rate constants for proton transfer from a single weak acid, ethanol, to a series of unsubstituted aryl radical anions, Ar-center dot. The rate constants correlate with free energy change, Delta G degrees, despite wide variations in the two factors that contribute to Delta G degrees: (a) the reduction potentials of the aryls and (b) the Ar-H-center dot bond strengths in the product radicals. For aryl radical anions containing CH2OH substituents, such as 2,2'-biphenyldimethanol(center dot-) which is protonated with a rate constant of 3 x 10(9) s(-1), the faster rates do not fit well in the free energy correlation, suggesting a change in mechanism. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, JR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jrmiller@bnl.gov RI Funston, Alison/B-8817-2012 OI Funston, Alison/0000-0002-4320-6434 NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 6895 EP 6902 DI 10.1021/jp071450h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 178IQ UT WOS:000247214800039 PM 17523623 ER PT J AU Sun, XH Sham, TK Rosenberg, RA Shenoy, GK AF Sun, X. H. Sham, T. K. Rosenberg, R. A. Shenoy, G. K. TI One-dimensional silicon-cadmium selenide heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID EXCITED OPTICAL LUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRE BUILDING-BLOCKS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; CONTROLLED GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE; NANOSTRUCTURES; MECHANISM; LOGIC; STEP AB We report the synthesis and characterization of 1D Si-CdSe heteronanostructures with different morphologies such as coaxial, biaxial, sandwiched, pattern wrapping, coiling, structures etc., via a one-step metal catalyzed thermal evaporation method. Both Si and CdSe exhibit single crystalline characteristics in the heterostructures, as revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The Si nanowires formed directly from the Si substrate via the solid-liquid-solid process acts as the absorption site for CdSe deposition as well as the template for the formation of 1D Si-CdSe heterostructures. Time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence from the 1D Si-CdSe heteronanostructures reveals two main emission features at 530 and 637 nm with slow and fast decay lifetime, respectively. The 530 and 637 nm emission is associated with the Si and CdSe component of the heterostructures, respectively. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, XH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM xsun@arc.nasa.gov; tsham@uwo.ca RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012; Sun, Xuhui /K-5689-2012 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 8475 EP 8482 DI 10.1021/jp071699z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 178IU UT WOS:000247215200014 ER PT J AU Bornancini, CG De Breuck, C de Vries, W Croft, S van Breugel, W Rottgering, H Minniti, D AF Bornancini, Carlos G. De Breuck, Carlos de Vries, Wim Croft, Steve van Breugel, Wil Rottgering, Huub Minniti, Dante TI Imaging and spectroscopy of ultrasteep spectrum radio sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : high-redshift; radio continuum : galaxies; radio continuum : general ID K-Z RELATION; 6C-ASTERISK-ASTERISK SAMPLE; REDSHIFT Z-GREATER-THAN-4; FIND OBJECTS; GALAXIES; SEARCH; SUMSS; DUST; NVSS; EVOLUTION AB We present a sample of 40 ultrasteep spectrum (USS; alpha <= - 1.3, S-nu proportional to nu(alpha)) radio sources selected from the Westerbork in the Southern Hemisphere (WISH) catalogue. The USS sources have been imaged in K band at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) and with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Cerro Paranal. We also present VLT, Keck and William Herschel Telescope (WHT) optical spectroscopy of 14 targets selection from four different USS samples. For 12 sources, we have been able to determine the redshifts, including four new radio galaxies at z > 3. We find that most of our USS sources have predominantly small (< 6 arcsec) radio sizes and faint magnitudes (K greater than or similar to 18). The mean K-band counterpart magnitude is (K) over bar = 18.6. The expected redshift distribution estimated using the Hubble K-z diagram has a mean of (z) over bar (exp) similar to 2.13, which is higher than the predicted redshift obtained for the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey-NRAO VLA Sky Survey (SUMSS-NVSS) sample and the expected redshift obtained in the 6C** survey. The compact USS sample analysed here may contain a higher fraction of galaxies which are high redshift and/or are heavily obscured by dust. Using the 74, 352 and 1400 MHz flux densities of a subsample, we construct a radio colour-colour diagram. We find that all but one of our USS sources have a strong tendency to flatten below 352 MHz. We also find that the highest redshift source from this paper (at z = 3.84) does not show evidence for spectral flattening down to 151 MHz. This suggests that very low frequency selected USS samples will likely be more efficient to find high redshift galaxies. C1 Univ Nacl Cordoba, Grp Invest Astron Teor & Expt, IATE, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Secretaria Ciencia & Tecn, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. RP Bornancini, CG (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Grp Invest Astron Teor & Expt, IATE, Laprida 854, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM bornancini@oac.uncor.edu OI De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315; Croft, Steve/0000-0003-4823-129X NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11769.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 179AV UT WOS:000247262600012 ER PT J AU Jamrozy, M Konar, C Saikia, DJ Stawarz, L Mack, KH Siemiginowska, A AF Jamrozy, M. Konar, C. Saikia, D. J. Stawarz, L. Mack, K.-H. Siemiginowska, A. TI Intermittent jet activity in the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 ? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual : 4C 29.30; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; X-RAY-EMISSION; DOUBLE-DOUBLE MORPHOLOGY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CENTAURUS-A; 4.85 GHZ; GALACTIC NUCLEI; SKY SURVEY; SCALE; POLARIZATION AB We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 (J0840+2949) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Effelsberg telescope. We report the existence of weak extended emission with an angular size of similar to 520 arcsec (639 kpc) within which a compact edge-brightened double-lobed source with a size of 29 arcsec (36 kpc) is embedded. We determine the spectrum of the inner double from 240 to 8460 MHz and show that it has a single power-law spectrum with a spectral index of similar to 0.8. Its spectral age is estimated to be less than or similar to 33 Myr. The extended diffuse emission has a steep spectrum with a spectral index of similar to 1.3 and a break frequency less than or similar to 240 MHz. The spectral age is greater than or similar to 200 Myr, suggesting that the extended diffuse emission is due to an earlier cycle of activity. We re-analyse archival X-ray data from Chandra and suggest that the X-ray emission from the hotspots consists of a mixture of non-thermal and thermal components, the latter being possibly due to gas which is shock heated by the jets from the host galaxy. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, TIFR, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. Ist Nazl Astrofis, Inst Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jamrozy, M (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. EM jamrozy@oa.uj.edu.pl; sckonar@ncra.tifr.res.in; djs@ncra.tifr.res.in; stawarz@oa.uj.edu.pl; mack@ira.inaf.it; asiemiginowska@cfa.harvard.edu RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 2 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11782.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 179AV UT WOS:000247262600016 ER PT J AU Reed, DS Governato, F Quinn, T Stadel, J Lake, G AF Reed, Darren S. Governato, Fabio Quinn, Thomas Stadel, Joachim Lake, George TI The age dependence of galaxy clustering SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : N-body simulations; galaxies : formation; galaxies : haloes; cosmology : theory; dark matter ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; SUBHALO POPULATIONS; FORMATION HISTORY; ASSEMBLY BIAS AB We construct mock galaxy catalogues to analyse clustering properties of a Lambda cold dark matter universe within a cosmological dark matter simulation of sufficient resolution to resolve structure down to the scale of dwarfs. We show that there is a strong age-clustering correlation for objects likely to host luminous galaxies, which includes the satellite halo (subhalo) population. Older mock galaxies are significantly more clustered in our catalogue, which consists of satellite haloes as well as the central peaks of discrete haloes, selected solely by peak circular velocity. This age dependence is caused mainly by the age-clustering relation for discrete haloes, recently found by Gao et al., acting mostly on field members, combined with the tendency for older mock galaxies to lie within groups and clusters, where galaxy clustering is enhanced. Our results suggest that the clustering-age dependence is manifested in real galaxies. At small scales (less than similar to 5 h(-1) Mpc), the very simple assumption that galaxy colour depends solely on halo age is inconsistent with the strength of the observed clustering colour trends, where red galaxies become increasingly more clustered than blue galaxies towards smaller scales, suggesting that luminosity-weighted galaxy ages do not closely trace the assembly epoch of their dark matter hosts. The age dependence is present but is much weaker for satellite haloes lying within groups and clusters than for the global population. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20131 Milan, Italy. Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Reed, DS (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM reed@lanl.gov NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 2 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11826.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 179AV UT WOS:000247262600037 ER PT J AU Heering, A Rohlf, J Freeman, J Los, S Kuleshov, S Musienko, Y AF Heering, A. Rohlf, J. Freeman, J. Los, S. Kuleshov, S. Musienko, Y. TI Performance of silicon photomultiplers with the CMS HCAL front-end electronics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon PM; SiPM; MRS; APD; HPD; photodetector ID APD LIGHT READOUT; DESIGN AB We have measured the performance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) together with the front-end electronics developed for the Compact Muon Solenoid hadron calorimeter. We find a clean separation of the single PE peak above pedestal noise fluctuations, providing a signal to noise of about 8. The SiPMs may be useful in the near term for readout of the outer (HO) scintillators to significantly enhance the sensitivity to minimum ionizing particles for use in the muon trigger. In the longer term, the SiPMs may be useful for upgrading the detector to accommodate a luminosity upgrade. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02212 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rohlf, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02212 USA. EM rohlf@bu.edu RI Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013 OI Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 576 IS 2-3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.049 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182CM UT WOS:000247482700010 ER PT J AU Harder, J Radeka, V Smith, G Yu, B AF Harder, Joseph Radeka, Veljko Smith, Graham Yu, Bo TI A low-noise, low stored energy preamplifier for high-voltage radiation detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE preamp; detector; high voltage; stored energy; low noise AB A low-noise preamplifier with very low stored energy has been developed for use with high-voltage radiation detectors. The input will withstand 3.5kV, has a physical capacitance to ground of 200pF, and an effective "small signal" capacitance of similar to 30nF. When connected to a high-voltage electrode, the low physical input capacitance to ground limits the stored energy and helps protect the detector system should an accidental discharge occur. The large effective input capacitance minimizes the voltage transient on the high-voltage electrode that occurs during charge collection, thus lowering the charge that is capacitively coupled to surrounding electrodes from this transient. If the surrounding electrodes are part of a position sensing readout, then this coupled charge is distributed uniformly among readout electrodes and is added to the signal charge induced by the motion of charge carriers containing position information. This introduces an error into the position centroid calculation. The preamplifier presented here greatly reduces this effect while keeping stored energy low. Equivalent input noise charge (ENC) is 256 electrons RMS when using a 250 ns unipolar shaping amplifier and no input capacitance. With input capacitances of 18 and 223pF, the noise increases to 361 and 1766 electrons RMS, respectively. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harder, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Bldg 535B,Technol St, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM harder@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 576 IS 2-3 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.03.005 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182CM UT WOS:000247482700017 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Klivansky, LM Khan, SI Zhang, XY AF Liu, Yi Klivansky, Liana M. Khan, Saeed I. Zhang, Xiyun TI Templated synthesis of desymmetrized [2]catenanes with excellent translational selectivity SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; BISTABLE ROTAXANES; INTERLOCKING; MACHINES; MOTORS; COMPONENTS; CATENANES; CHIRALITY; THREADS; RINGS AB Desymmetrized [2]catenanes were synthesized and shown to exhibit excellent translational selectivity. The templated synthesis takes effect from the formation of pseudorotaxanes between pi-rich crown ethers and a pi-deficient pyromellitic (PmI) unit, followed by macrocyclization around the crown ethers with the creation of a bipyridinium (BPy) unit. The crown ethers preferably encircle the BPy unit in the resulting [2]catenanes in both solution and the solid state, as indicated by various spectroscopic analyses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Codexis Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yliu@lbl.gov RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008 OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 EI 1523-7052 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 13 BP 2577 EP 2580 DI 10.1021/ol070970s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 178IZ UT WOS:000247215700038 PM 17530856 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Jayalath, CP AF Goity, J. L. Jayalath, C. P. TI Strong and electromagnetic mass splittings in heavy mesons SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; LIGHT-QUARK MASSES; QCD; BREAKING; SYSTEMS; 1/M(2); RATIOS; SU(3) AB The contributions to heavy meson mass differences by the strong hyperfine interaction, the light quark masses and the electromagnetic interaction are obtained from the empirical values of the D, D*, B and B* masses by means of a mass formula based on the heavy quark mass expansion. The three different types of contributions are determined with significant accuracy to next to leading order in that expansion. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM goity@jlab.org; jayalath@jlab.org NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 650 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.037 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 186CB UT WOS:000247755600004 ER PT J AU Soufli, R Hudyma, RM Spiller, E Gullikson, EM Schmidt, MA Robinson, JC Baker, SL Walton, CC Taylor, JS AF Soufli, Regina Hudyma, Russell M. Spiller, Eberhard Gullikson, Eric M. Schmidt, Mark A. Robinson, Jeff C. Baker, Sherry L. Walton, Christopher C. Taylor, John S. TI Sub-diffraction-limited multilayer coatings for the 0.3 numerical aperture micro-exposure tool for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICS; CAMERAS AB Multilayer coating results are discussed for the primary and secondary mirrors of the micro-exposure tool (MET): a 0.30 NA lithographic imaging system with a 200 mu m X 600 mu m field of view at the wafer plane, operating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region at an illumination wavelength around 13.4 nm. Mo/Si multilayers were deposited by DC-magnetron sputtering on large-area, curved MET camera substrates. A velocity modulation technique was implemented to consistently achieve multilayer thickness profiles with added figure errors below 0.1 nm rms demonstrating sub-diffraction-limited performance, as defined by the classical diffraction limit of Rayleigh (0.25 waves peak to valley) or Marechal (0.07 waves rms). This work is an experimental demonstration of sub-diffraction-limited multilayer coatings for high-NA EUV imaging systems, which resulted in the highest resolution microfield EUV images to date. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hyper Dev LLC, San Ramon, CA 94582 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 3736 EP 3746 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003736 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 178YQ UT WOS:000247256700012 PM 17538670 ER PT J AU Baron, E Branch, D Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E. Branch, David Hauschildt, Peter H. TI Reddening, abundances, and line formation in SNeII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; supernovae : individual (SN 2005cs) ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; LOW-DENSITY PHOTOSPHERES; PRELIMINARY SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE PROGRAM; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; IA SUPERNOVA SPECTRA; II-P SUPERNOVAE; SN 1987A; NON-LTE; PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION AB We present detailed NLTE spectral synthesis models of the Type II supernova 2005cs, which occurred in M51 and for which the explosion time is well determined. We show that previous estimates for the reddening were significantly too high and briefly discuss how this will affect the inferred progenitor mass. We also show that standard CNO-burning-enhanced abundances require far too large an oxygen depletion, although there is evidence for a single optical N II line, and the sodium abundance shows clear evidence for enhancement over solar, both as expected from CNO processing. Finally, we calculate a distance using the SEAM method. Given the broad range of distances to M51 in the literature, the determination of a distance using Cepheid variables would be quite valuable. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM baron@nhn.ou.edu; branch@nhn.ou.edu; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1155 DI 10.1086/517961 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800035 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Brown, EF Schatz, H Moller, P Kratz, KL AF Gupta, Sanjib Brown, Edward F. Schatz, Hendrik Moeller, Peter Kratz, Karl-Ludwig TI Heating in the accreted neutron star ocean: Implications for superburst ignition SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dense matter; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis; abundances; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID X-RAY-BURSTS; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; PAIR BREMSSTRAHLUNG; INNER CRUST; MATTER; ENERGY; EMISSION; INTERIORS; PLASMA AB We perform a self-consistent calculation of the thermal structure in the crust of a superbursting neutron star. In particular, we follow the nucleosynthetic evolution of an accreted fluid element from its deposition into the atmosphere down to a depth where the electron Fermi energy is 20 MeV. We include temperature-dependent continuum electron capture rates and realistic sources of heat loss by thermal neutrino emission from the crust and core. We show that, in contrast to previous calculations, electron captures to excited states and subsequent gamma-emission significantly reduce the local heat loss due to weak-interaction neutrinos. Depending on the initial composition, these reactions release up to a factor of 10 times more heat at densities < 10(11) g cm(-3) than obtained previously. This heating reduces the ignition depth of superbursts. In particular, it reduces the discrepancy noted by Cumming et al. between the temperatures needed for unstable C-12 ignition on timescales consistent with observations and the reduction in crust temperature from Cooper pair neutrino emission. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Brown, Edward/F-1721-2011; OI Moller, Peter/0000-0002-5848-3565; Brown, Edward/0000-0003-3806-5339 NR 49 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1188 EP 1197 DI 10.1086/517869 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800041 ER PT J AU Clayton, GC Geballe, TR Herwig, F Fryer, C Asplund, M AF Clayton, Geoffrey C. Geballe, T. R. Herwig, Falk Fryer, Christopher Asplund, Martin TI Very large excesses of O-18 in hydrogen-deficient carbon and R coronae borealis stars: Evidence for white dwarf mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : evolution; stars : variables : other ID EXTREME HELIUM STARS; SAKURAIS-OBJECT; PLANETARY-NEBULA; V605 AQUILAE; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCES; BINARIES; ORIGIN; APPROXIMATIONS; ATMOSPHERES AB We have found that at least seven hydrogen-deficient carbon ( HdC) and R Coronae Borealis ( RCB) stars, have O-16/O-18 ratios close to and in some cases less than unity, values that are orders of magnitude lower than measured in other stars ( the solar value is 500). Greatly enhanced O-18 is evident in every HdC and RCB we have measured that is cool enough to have detectable CO bands. The three HdC stars measured have O-16/O-18 < 1, lower values than any of the RCB stars. These discoveries are important clues in determining the evolutionary pathways of HdC and RCB stars, for which two models have been proposed: the double degenerate ( white dwarf [ WD] merger) and the final helium-shell flash ( FF). No overproduction of O-18 is expected in the FF scenario. We have quantitatively explored the idea that HdC and RCB stars originate in the mergers of CO- and He-WDs. The merger process is estimated to take only a few days, with accretion rates of 150 M-circle dot yr(-1) producing temperatures at the base of the accreted envelope of (1.2-1.9) x 10(8) K. Analysis of a simplified one-zone calculation shows that nucleosynthesis in the dynamically accreting material may provide a suitable environment for a significant production of O-18, leading to very low values of O-16/O-18, similar to those observed. We also find qualitative agreement with observed values of C-12/C-13 and with the CNO elemental ratios. H-admixture during the accretion process from the small H-rich C/O WD envelope may play an important role in producing the observed abundances. Overall, our analysis shows that WD mergers may very well be the progenitors of O-18-rich RCB and HdC stars, and that more detailed simulations and modeling are justified. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Keele, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Keele Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Clayton, GC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gclayton@fenway.phys.lsu.edu; tgeballe@gemini.edu; fherwig@astro.keele.ac.uk; clfreyer@lanl.gov; martin@mso.anu.edu.au NR 53 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1220 EP 1230 DI 10.1086/518307 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800044 ER PT J AU Mainzer, AK Roellig, TL Saumon, D Marley, MS Cushing, MC Sloan, GC Kirkpatrick, JD Leggett, SK Wilson, JC AF Mainzer, A. K. Roellig, Thomas L. Saumon, D. Marley, Mark S. Cushing, Michael C. Sloan, G. C. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Leggett, S. K. Wilson, John C. TI Moderate-resolution Spitzer infrared spectrograph observations of M, L, and T dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; BINARY BROWN DWARF; SPECTRAL TYPE-L; EPSILON-INDI-B; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; GLIESE 229B; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; GIANT PLANETS AB We present 10-19 mu m moderate-resolution spectra of 10 M dwarfs, one L dwarf, and two T dwarf systems obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph ( IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The IRS allows us to examine molecular spectroscopic features/lines at moderate spectral resolution in a heretofore untapped wavelength regime. These R = lambda/Delta lambda similar to 600 spectra allow for a more detailed examination of clouds and nonequilibrium chemistry, as well as the molecular features of H2O, NH3, and other trace molecular species that are the hallmarks of these objects. A cloud-free model best fits our mid-infrared spectrum of the T1 dwarf epsilon Indi Ba, and we find that the NH3 feature in epsilon Indi Bb is best explained by a nonequilibrium abundance due to vertical transport in its atmosphere. We examined a set of objects ( mostly M dwarfs) in multiple systems to look for evidence of emission features, which might indicate an atmospheric temperature inversion, as well as trace molecular species; however, we found no evidence of either. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Mainzer, AK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM amainzer@jpl.nasa.gov; thomas.l.roellig@nasa.gov; dsaumon@lanl.gov; mmarley@mail.arc.nasa.gov; mcushing@as.arizona.edu; sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; davy@ipac.caltech.edu; sleggett@gemini.edu; jcw6z@virginia.edu RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1245 EP 1253 DI 10.1086/516561 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800046 ER PT J AU Allam, SS Tucker, DL Lin, H Diehl, HT Annis, J Buckley-Geer, EJ Frieman, JA AF Allam, Sahar S. Tucker, Douglas L. Lin, Huan Diehl, H. Thomas Annis, James Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth J. Frieman, Joshua A. TI The 8 o'clock arc: A serendipitous discovery of a strongly lensed lyman break galaxy in the SDSS DR4 imaging data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; gravitational lensing ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; REDSHIFT Z-SIMILAR-TO-3; MS 1512-CB58; STAR-FORMATION; BRIGHT; CANDIDATES; SPECTRUM; FIELD; CB58 AB We report on the serendipitous discovery of the brightest Lyman break galaxy (LBG) currently known, a galaxy at z = 2.73 that is being strongly lensed by the z = 0.38 luminous red galaxy (LRG) SDSS J002240.91+143110.4. The arc of this gravitational lens system, which we have dubbed the "8 o'clock arc" due to its time of discovery, was initially identified in the imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4; followup observations on the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory confirmed the lensing nature of this system and led to the identification of the arc's spectrum as that of an LBG. The arc has a spectrum and a redshift remarkably similar to those of the previous record-holder for brightest LBG (MS 1512-cB58, also known as cB58), but, with an estimated total magnitude of (g, r, i) = (20.0, 19.2, 19.0) and surface brightness of (mu(g), mu(r), mu(i)) = (23.3, 22.5, 22.3) mag arcsec-2, the 8 o'clcok arc is thrice as bright. The 8 o'clock arc, which consists of three lensed images of the LBG, is 162 degrees (9.6 '') long and has a length-to-width ratio of 6:1. A fourth image of the LBG-a counterimage-can also be identified in the ARC 3.5 m g-band images. A simple lens model for the system assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid yields an Einstein radius of theta(Ein) = 3.32 '' +/- 0.16 '', a total mass for the lensing LRG (within the 12.1 +/- 0.6 h(-1) kpc enclosed by the Einstein radius) of 1.35 x 10(12) h(-1)M(circle dot), and a magnification factor for the LBG of 12.3(-3.6)(+15.0). The LBG itself is intrinsically quite luminous (approximate to 11L(*)) and shows indications of massive recent star formation, perhaps as high as 160 h(-1) M-circle dot yr(-1). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Allam, SS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/519520 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178VS UT WOS:000247248800001 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Hungerford, AL Young, PA AF Fryer, Chris L. Hungerford, Aimee L. Young, Patrick A. TI Light-curve calculations of supernovae from fallback gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general ID EXPLOSIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROGENITORS; GRB-060614; STARS AB The currently favored model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs) invokes explosions from the collapse of a massive star down to a black hole, either directly or through fallback. Those GRBs forming via fallback will produce much less radioactive nickel, and hence it has been argued ( without any real calculation) that these systems produce dim supernovae. These fallback black hole GRBs have recently been argued as possible progenitors of a newly discovered set of GRBs lacking any associated supernovae. Here we present the first ever radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the light curves produced in the hypernova explosion by a delayed-fallback gamma-ray burst. We find that the bolometric light curve is dominated by shock-deposited energy, not the decay of radioactive elements. As such, observations of such bursts actually probe the density in the progenitor wind more than it does the production of radioactive nickel. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/519523 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178VS UT WOS:000247248800002 ER PT J AU Otto, SJ McCorkle, SR Hover, J Conaco, C Han, JJ Impey, S Yochum, GS Dunn, JJ Goodman, RH Mandel, G AF Otto, Stefanie J. McCorkle, Sean R. Hover, John Conaco, Cecilia Han, Jong-Jin Impey, Soren Yochum, Gregory S. Dunn, John J. Goodman, Richard H. Mandel, Gail TI A new binding motif for the transcriptional repressor REST uncovers large gene networks devoted to neuronal functions SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REST; transcription; serial analysis of chromatin occupancy; binding motif; synaptic transmission; neuroendocrine tumors ID RESTRICTIVE SILENCER FACTOR; CELL LUNG-CANCER; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; TARGET GENES; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; ELEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; PROTOCADHERIN AB The repressor element 1 ( RE1) silencing transcription factor ( REST) helps preserve the identity of nervous tissue by silencing neuronal genes in non- neural tissues. Moreover, in an epithelial model of tumorigenesis, loss of REST function is associated with loss of adhesion, suggesting the aberrant expression of REST- controlled genes encoding this property. To date, no adhesion molecules under REST control have been identified. Here, we used serial analysis of chromatin occupancy to perform genome- wide identification of REST- occupied target sequences ( RE1 sites) in a kidney cell line. We discovered novel REST- binding motifs and found that the number of RE1 sites far exceeded previous estimates. A large family of targets encoding adhesion proteins was identified, as were genes encoding signature proteins of neuroendocrine tumors. Unexpectedly, genes considered exclusively non- neuronal also contained an RE1 motif and were expressed in neurons. This supports the model that REST binding is a critical determinant of neuronal phenotype. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Mandel, G (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM mandelg@ohsu.edu NR 41 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 25 BP 6729 EP 6739 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0091-07.2007 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 180XK UT WOS:000247401100015 PM 17581960 ER PT J AU Franceschetti, A Zunger, A van Schilfgaarde, M AF Franceschetti, A. Zunger, A. van Schilfgaarde, M. TI Design rules to achieve high-T-C ferromagnetism in (Ga, Mn) As alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ORIGIN; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SEMICONDUCTORS; (GA,MN)AS AB The Curie temperature T-C of ferromagnetic semiconductor alloys depends not only on the alloy composition, but also on the spatial configuration of the magnetic impurities. Here we use a set of first-principle-calculated Curie temperatures to uncover - via a statistical, 'data mining' approach - the rules that govern the dependence of T-C on the configuration of Mn substitutional impurities in GaAs. We find that T-C is lowered (raised) when the average number of first (third and fourth) nearest-neighbour Mn pairs increases, suggesting simple atom-by-atom strategies to achieve high T-C in (Ga, Mn) As alloys. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Franceschetti, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 AR 242203 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/24/242203 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 176HE UT WOS:000247074700004 PM 21694033 ER PT J AU Parnaste, M Marcellini, M Holmstrom, E Bock, N Fransson, J Eriksson, O Hjorvarsson, B AF Parnaste, Martin Marcellini, Moreno Holmstrom, Erik Bock, Nicolas Fransson, Jonas Eriksson, Olle Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin TI Dimensionality crossover in the induced magnetization of Pd layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL MODEL; ALLOYS; FILMS; BEHAVIOR; FE; TRANSITION; PALLADIUM; W(110); COBALT; NI AB The magnetic ordering of a series of samples consisting of ultrathin Fe layers embedded in Pd was investigated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The samples consisted of a single Fe layer with nominal thickness 0.2 <= d(Fe) <= 1.6 monolayers sandwiched between two 20 monolayer Pd layers. A dimensionality crossover from two dimensions to three dimensions occurs as dFe is increased from 0.4 to 1.0 monolayers. First-principles calculations were performed in order to determine the magnetic profile, and we used a spin-wave quantum well model for obtaining a qualitative description of the dimensionality crossover. The results clearly prove the existence of a dimensionality crossover in the induced magnetization, opening new routes for addressing the influence of extension on order. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hjorvarsson, B (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM bjorgvin.hjorvarsson@fysik.uu.se RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009; Holmstrom, Erik/A-5308-2009; Marcellini, Moreno/H-1011-2011; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; OI Holmstrom, Erik/0000-0002-1198-3861; Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/0000-0003-1803-9467; Marcellini, Moreno/0000-0002-1434-5611 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 AR 246213 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/24/246213 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 176HE UT WOS:000247074700028 PM 21694056 ER PT J AU Trembly, JP Gemmen, RS Bayless, DJ AF Trembly, J. P. Gemmen, R. S. Bayless, D. J. TI The effect of coal syngas containing HCl on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells: Investigations into the effect of operational temperature and HCl concentration SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; coal syngas; experimental performance; hydrogen chloride ID CATALYSTS; GAS; DEACTIVATION; SORBENTS; H2S AB The performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using simulated coal-derived syngas, with and without hydrogen chloride (HCl), was studied. Electrolyte- supported SOFCs were tested potentiostatically at 0.7 V at 800 and 900 degrees C with simulated coal syngas containing 0, 20, and 160 ppm HCl. The results from the tests without HCl show good performance with little degradation over 100 h of operation. Both 20 and 160 ppm HCl were shown to cause performance losses in the SOFCs after injection into the system. Although the tests presented in this paper show that HCl does cause degradation to SOFC performance, the cell performance was recoverable upon the removal of HCl from the fuel. Also recent results from anticipated Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC warm/hot-gas-cleanup technologies suggest that HCl will be removed to levels that will not cause any significant performance losses in SOFCs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Ohio Univ, Stocker Ctr 248, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Trembly, JP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM jason.trembly@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 169 IS 2 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 181DW UT WOS:000247418100015 ER PT J AU Han, HX Frei, H AF Han, Hongxian Frei, Heinz TI Visible light absorption of binuclear TiOCoII charge-transfer unit assembled in mesoporous silica SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE metal to metal charge transfer; mesoporous silica; visible light chromophore; binuclear unit; cobalt; titanium ID SOLAR-ENERGY APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ACTIVE-SITE; METAL-IONS; COBALT; TITANIUM; COMPLEXES; CENTERS; EPOXIDATION AB Grafting of Co-II(NCCH3)(2)Cl-2 onto mesoporous Ti-MCM-41 silica in acetonitrile solution affords binuclear Ti-O-Co-II sites on the pore surface under complete replacement of the precursor ligands by interactions with anchored Ti centers and the silica surface. The Co-II ligand field spectrum signals that the Co centers are anchored on the pore surface in tetrahedral coordination. FT-infrared action spectroscopy using ammonia gas adsorption reveals Co-O-Si bond modes at 831 and 762 cm(-1). No Co oxide clusters are observed in the as-synthesized material. The bimetallic moieties feature an absorption extending from the UV into the visible to about 600 nm which is attributed to the Ti-IV-O-Co-II -> Ti-III-O-Co-III metal-to-metal charge-transfer (MMCT) transition. The chromophore is absent in MCM-41 containing Ti and Co centers isolated from each other; this material was synthesized by grafting Co-II onto a Ti-MCM-41 sample with the Ti centers protected by a cyclopentadienyl ligand. The result indicates that the appearance of the charge-transfer absorption requires that the metal centers are linked by an oxo bridge, which is additionally supported by XANES spectroscopy. The MMCT chromophore of Ti-O-Co-II units has sufficient oxidation power to serve as visible light electron pump for driving multi-electron transfer catalysts of demanding uphill reactions such as water oxidation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmfrei@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.02.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 182CH UT WOS:000247482200033 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Li, ZJ Lin, QS Kosinski, J Seetharaman, J Bujnicki, JM Sivaraman, J Hew, CL AF Liu, Yang Li, Zhengjun Lin, Qingsong Kosinski, Jan Seetharaman, J. Bujnicki, Janusz M. Sivaraman, J. Hew, Choy-Leong TI Structure and Evolutionary Origin of Ca2+-Dependent Herring Type II Antifreeze Protein SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB In order to survive under extremely cold environments, many organisms produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs). AFPs inhibit the growth of ice crystals and protect organisms from freezing damage. Fish AFPs can be classified into five distinct types based on their structures. Here we report the structure of herring AFP (hAFP), a Ca2+-dependent fish type II AFP. It exhibits a fold similar to the C-type (Ca2+-dependent) lectins with unique ice-binding features. The 1.7 angstrom crystal structure of hAFP with bound Ca2+ and site-directed mutagenesis reveal an ice-binding site consisting of Thr96, Thr98 and Ca2+-coordinating residues Asp94 and Glu99, which initiate hAFP adsorption onto the [10-10] prism plane of the ice lattice. The hAFP-ice interaction is further strengthened by the bound Ca2+ through the coordination with a water molecule of the ice lattice. This Ca2+-coordinated ice-binding mechanism is distinct from previously proposed mechanisms for other AFPs. However, phylogenetic analysis suggests that all type II AFPs evolved from the common ancestor and developed different ice-binding modes. We clarify the evolutionary relationship of type II AFPs to sugar-binding lectins. C1 [Liu, Yang; Li, Zhengjun; Lin, Qingsong; Sivaraman, J.; Hew, Choy-Leong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Kosinski, Jan; Bujnicki, Janusz M.] Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Warsaw, Poland. [Kosinski, Jan; Bujnicki, Janusz M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sivaraman, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. EM dbsjayar@nus.edu.sg; dbshewcl@nus.edu.sg RI Kosinski, Jan/G-9971-2012; Lin, Qingsong/H-9794-2012; Hew, Choy Leong/I-1501-2012; Sivaraman, J/H-8028-2012; OI Lin, Qingsong/0000-0001-9117-8514; Hew, Choy Leong/0000-0002-9441-0064; Kosinski, Jan/0000-0002-3641-0322 FU National University of Singapore FX This work was supported by the office of life sciences and Academic research Fund (ARF), National University of Singapore (C. L. H and J. S.*). NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 AR e548 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000548 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GE UT WOS:000207451700014 PM 17579720 ER PT J AU Devanathan, S Salamon, Z Tollin, G Fitch, JC Meyer, TE Berry, EA Cusanovich, MA AF Devanathan, S. Salamon, Z. Tollin, G. Fitch, J. C. Meyer, T. E. Berry, E. A. Cusanovich, M. A. TI Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c(2) to the cytochrome bc(1) complex mediated by the conformation of the rieske iron-sulfur protein SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; PROBING MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; UBIQUINOL OXIDATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPHAEROIDES R-26; REACTION CENTERS AB The dissociation constants for the binding of Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c(2) and its K93P mutant to the cytochrome bc(1) complex embedded in a phospholipid bilayer were measured by plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy in the presence and absence of the inhibitor stigmatellin. The reduced form of cytochrome c(2) strongly binds to reduced cytochrome bc(1) (K-d = 0.02 mu M) but binds much more weakly to the oxidized form (K-d = 3.1 mu M). In contrast, oxidized cytochrome c(2) binds to oxidized cytochrome bc(1) in a biphasic fashion with K-d values of 0.11 and 0.58 mu M. Such a biphasic interaction is consistent with binding to two separate sites or conformations of oxidized cytochrome c(2) and/or cytochrome bc(1). However, in the presence of stigmatellin, we find that oxidized cytochrome c(2) binds to oxidized cytochrome bc(1) in a monophasic fashion with high affinity (K-d = 0.06 mu M) and reduced cytochrome c(2) binds less strongly (K-d = 0.11 mu M) but similar to 30-fold more tightly than in the absence of stigmatellin. Structural studies with cytochrome bc(1), with and without the inhibitor stigmatellin, have led to the proposal that the Rieske protein is mobile, moving between the cytochrome b and cytochrome c(1) components during turnover. In one conformation, the Rieske protein binds near the heme of cytochrome c(1), while the cytochrome c(2) binding site is also near the cytochrome c(1) heme but on the opposite side from the Rieske site, where cytochrome c(2) cannot directly interact with Rieske. However, the inhibitor, stigmatellin, freezes the Rieske protein iron-sulfur cluster in a conformation proximal to cytochrome b and distal to cytochrome c(1). We conclude from this that the dual conformation of the Rieske protein is primarily responsible for biphasic binding of oxidized cytochrome c(2) to cytochrome c(1). This optimizes turnover by maximizing binding of the substrate, oxidized cytochrome c(2), when the iron-sulfur cluster is proximal to cytochrome b and minimizing binding of the product, reduced cytochrome c(2), when it is proximal to cytochrome c(1). C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cusanovich, MA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cusanovi@u.arizona.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM21277, R01 GM021277-29A3] NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 7138 EP 7145 DI 10.1021/bi602649u PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 177HV UT WOS:000247145100007 PM 17516628 ER PT J AU Butler, JE He, Q Nevin, KP He, ZL Zhou, JZ Lovley, DR AF Butler, Jessica E. He, Qiang Nevin, Kelly P. He, Zhili Zhou, Jizhong Lovley, Derek R. TI Genomic and microarray analysis of aromatics degradation in Geobacter metallireducens and comparison to a Geobacter isolate from a contaminated field site SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM THAUERA-AROMATICA; DEGRADING DENITRIFYING BACTERIUM; LEACHATE-POLLUTED AQUIFER; MICROBIAL IRON REDUCTION; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; 2-HYDROXYGLUTARYL-COA DEHYDRATASE; FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASE; SYNTROPHUS-ACIDITROPHICUS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS AB Background: Groundwater and subsurface environments contaminated with aromatic compounds can be remediated in situ by Geobacter species that couple oxidation of these compounds to reduction of Fe( III)- oxides. Geobacter metallireducens metabolizes many aromatic compounds, but the enzymes involved are not well known. Results: The complete G. metallireducens genome contained a 300 kb island predicted to encode enzymes for the degradation of phenol, p- cresol, 4- hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4- hydroxybenzoate, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoate. Toluene degradation genes were encoded in a separate region. None of these genes was found in closely related species that cannot degrade aromatic compounds. Abundant transposons and phage- like genes in the island suggest mobility, but nucleotide composition and lack of synteny with other species do not suggest a recent transfer. The inferred degradation pathways are similar to those in species that anaerobically oxidize aromatic compounds with nitrate as an electron acceptor. In these pathways the aromatic compounds are converted to benzoyl- CoA and then to 3- hydroxypimelyl- CoA. However, in G. metallireducens there were no genes for the energetically- expensive dearomatizing enzyme. Whole- genome changes in transcript levels were identified in cells oxidizing benzoate. These supported the predicted pathway, identified induced fatty- acid oxidation genes, and identified an apparent shift in the TCA cycle to a putative ATP- yielding succinyl- CoA synthase. Paralogs to several genes in the pathway were also induced, as were several putative molybdo- proteins. Comparison of the aromatics degradation pathway genes to the genome of an isolate from a contaminated field site showed very similar content, and suggested this strain degrades many of the same compounds. This strain also lacked a classical dearomatizing enzyme, but contained two copies of an eight- gene cluster encoding redox proteins that was 30- fold induced during benzoate oxidation. Conclusion: G. metallireducens appears to convert aromatic compounds to benzoyl- CoA, then to acetyl- CoA via fatty acid oxidation, and then to carbon dioxide via the TCA cycle. The enzyme responsible for dearomatizing the aromatic ring may be novel, and energetic investments at this step may be offset by a change in succinate metabolism. Analysis of a field isolate suggests that the pathways inferred for G. metallireducens may be applicable to modeling in situ bioremediation. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jbutler@microbio.umass.edu; qianghe@utk.edu; knevin@microbio.umass.edu; zhl@ornl.gov; jzhou@ou.edu; dlovley@microbio.umass.edu RI He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012 OI He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; NR 76 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 180 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-180 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 191HW UT WOS:000248123300001 PM 17578578 ER PT J AU Walker, JA Mickelson, JE Thomas, RB Patino, LC Cameron, B Carr, MJ Feigenson, MD Edwards, RL AF Walker, James A. Mickelson, J. Erik Thomas, Rebecca B. Patino, Lina C. Cameron, Barry Carr, Michael J. Feigenson, Mark D. Edwards, R. Lawrence TI U-series disequilibria in Guatemalan lavas, crustal contamination, and implications for magma genesis along the Central American subduction zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID TONGA-KERMADEC ISLAND; TRACE-ELEMENT VARIATIONS; BENEATH MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SANTA-MARIA VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; ARC LAVAS; TIME-SCALES; COCOS PLATE; U-238-TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIA; SOUTHEASTERN GUATEMALA AB New U-series results indicate that Guatemalan volcanic rocks display both U-238 and Th-230 excesses. Th-230 excess is restricted to volcanoes in central Guatemala, both along and behind the front. Th-230 excess correlates with a number of incompatible element ratios, such as Th/Nb and Ba/Th. It also shows a negative correlation with MgO. Guatemalan volcanic rocks have (Th-230/Th-232) ratios that overlap those of Costa Rican volcanics and are therefore considerably lower than the unusually high ratios characterizing volcanic rocks from Nicaragua. Along-arc variations in (Th-230/Th-232) therefore mirror those of a number of diagnostic geochemical parameters, such as Ba/La, which are symmetrical about a peak in west central Nicaragua. The one siliceous lava analyzed, from the Cerro Quemado dome complex, has a recognizable crustal imprint, distinguished, for instance, by high Th/Nb and low Ba/Th. In mafic samples, U-238 excess is attributed to addition of a U-enriched fluid component from the subducting Cocos plate. Our preferred explanation for Th-230 excess in Guatemalan mafic samples, on the other hand, is crustal contamination, consistent with the relatively high Th/Nb and low Ba/Th ratios in these samples. We suspect, however, that crustal contamination only exerts a sizable control over the U-series disequilibrium of mafic magmas in Guatemala, and not elsewhere along the Central American volcanic front. This agrees with previously published trace element and isotopic evidence that throughout Central America, with the exception of Guatemala, mafic magmas are largely uncontaminated by crustal material. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. LFR Inc, Elgin, IL 60123 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Earth Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, New Brunswick Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walker, JA (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jim@geol.niu.edu NR 139 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06205 DI 10.1029/2006JB004589 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 182XO UT WOS:000247537500002 ER PT J AU Luhrs, C Phillips, J Fanson, PT AF Luhrs, Claudia Phillips, Jonathan Fanson, Paul T. TI Production of complex cerium-aluminum oxides using an atmospheric pressure plasma torch SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED METAL-CATALYSTS; NANOPARTICLES; GENERATION; PARTICLES; POWDERS; SILICA AB Ceria-alumina particles of a wide variety of structures, from micrometer-sized hollow spheres to nanoparticles, were produced from aerosols of different natures, but all derived from nitrate salts passed through a low power (< 1000 W) atmospheric pressure plasma torch. The amount of water present with the nitrate salts was found to significantly affect the morphology of the resulting material. A model was proposed that explains the mechanism in which water acts as a blowing agent to create hollow metal oxide spheres that then shatter to form metal oxide nanoparticles. Further examination of the nanoparticles revealed that they display a core/shell morphology in which the core material is crystalline CeO2 and the shell material is amorphous Al2O3. These unique core/shell materials are interesting candidates for catalyst support materials with high thermal durability. In addition, experiments have shown that the nanoparticles can be readily converted into CeAlO3 perovskite. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Nat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Toyota Tech Ctr USA Inc, Dept Mat Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 13 BP 7055 EP 7064 DI 10.1021/la063108m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 177HX UT WOS:000247145300027 PM 17500574 ER PT J AU Udwary, DW Zeigler, L Asolkar, RN Singan, V Lapidus, A Fenical, W Jensen, PR Moore, BS AF Udwary, Daniel W. Zeigler, Lisa Asolkar, Ratnakar N. Singan, Vasanth Lapidus, Alla Fenical, William Jensen, Paul R. Moore, Bradley S. TI Genome sequencing reveals complex secondary metabolome in the marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY-LINE ENZYMOLOGY; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; ADENYLATION DOMAINS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYKETIDE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBIOTICS; MACHINERY AB Recent fermentation studies have identified actinomycetes of the marine-dwelling genus Salinispora as prolific natural product producers. To further evaluate their biosynthetic potential, we sequenced the 5,183,331-bp S. tropica CNB-440 circular genome and analyzed all identifiable secondary natural product gene clusters. Our analysis shows that S. tropica dedicates a large percentage of its genome (approximate to 9.9%) to natural product assembly, which is greater than previous Streptomyces genome sequences as well as other natural product-producing actinomycetes. The S. tropica genome features polyketide synthase systems of every known formally classified family, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and several hybrid clusters. Although a few clusters appear to encode molecules previously identified in Streptomyces species, the majority of the 17 biosynthetic loci are novel. Specific chemical information about putative and observed natural product molecules is presented and discussed. In addition, our bioinformatic analysis not only was critical for the structure elucidation of the polyene macrolactam salinilactam A, but its structural analysis aided the genome assembly of the highly repetitive slm loci. This study firmly establishes the genus Salinispora as a rich source of drug-like molecules and importantly reveals the powerful interplay between genomic analysis and traditional natural product isolation studies. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Moore, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bsmoore@ucsd.edu RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA127622, R37 CA044848, R37 CA44848] NR 47 TC 307 Z9 324 U1 9 U2 63 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 19 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 25 BP 10376 EP 10381 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700962104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 182JD UT WOS:000247500000016 PM 17563368 ER PT J AU Ahn, WY Sheeley, SA Rajh, T Cropek, DM AF Ahn, Won-Young Sheeley, Sarah A. Rajh, Tijana Cropek, Donald M. TI Photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with arginine-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE photocatalysis; nitrophenol; surface-modified titanium dioxide ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; IRRADIATED TIO2; VISIBLE-LIGHT; DEGRADATION; WATER; KINETICS; OXIDATION; REMOVAL AB The surface charge of titanium dioxide (TiO2) affects the adsorption rates of target molecules, thereby influencing the associated photocatalytic dearadation rates of these molecules. This study describes the specific photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with arginine-modified TiO2 (Arg-TiO2) nanoparticles. 4-AP was the only identifiable by-product detected by chromatographic analysis. The terminal amine groups of the arginine monolayer create a positive TiO2 surface charge over a wide range of pH values. At high pH, the degradation rate of 4-NP increased due to improved target adsorption. Furthermore, the presence of the arginine monolayer perturbs the degradation mechanism distribution of 4-NP away front indiscriminant oxidation toward selective reduction. Photocatalysis of a target molecule such as benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) showed that while electrostatic attraction of the target to the photocatalyst is important, the reduction potential of the target molecule dictates efficient degradation on Arg-TiO2. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cropek, DM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM Donald.M.Cropek@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 34 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.01.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 185OK UT WOS:000247720100012 ER PT J AU Gee, RH Maiti, A Fried, LE AF Gee, Richard H. Maiti, Amitesh Fried, Laurence E. TI Mesoscale modeling of irreversible volume growth in powders of anisotropic crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FIELD; TATB; 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE AB Based on careful thermometric analysis, powders of micron-sized triaminotrinitrobenzene crystallites are shown to display irreversible growth in volume when subjected to repeated cycles of heating and cooling. Such behavior is counterintuitive to typical materials' response to thermal annealing. However, through coarse-grained simulations using a mesoscale Hamiltonian, the authors quantitatively reproduce irreversible growth behavior in such powdered material. The authors demonstrate that irreversible growth happens only in the presence of intrinsic crystalline anisotropy, and is mediated by particles much smaller than the average crystallite size. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maiti2@llnl.gov RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 254105 DI 10.1063/1.2750403 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900107 ER PT J AU Skuza, JR Lukaszew, RA Dufresne, EM Walko, DA Clavero, C Cebollada, A Cionca, CN Clarke, R AF Skuza, J. R. Lukaszew, R. A. Dufresne, E. M. Walko, D. A. Clavero, C. Cebollada, A. Cionca, C. N. Clarke, R. TI Real time structural modification of epitaxial FePt thin films under x-ray rapid thermal annealing using undulator radiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB Modification of chemical order in epitaxial FePt binary alloy thin films deposited on MgO (100) substrates was induced and investigated in real time using x-ray rapid thermal annealing (XRTA). This is possible because synchrotron undulator radiation has sufficient power density to induce significant structural modifications in thin films and its energy can be tuned to optimize absorption in the sample. A monochromatic portion of the pink beam diffracted from the epitaxial FePt sample was used to probe microstructure evolution in real time and significant changes in chemical order were observed. In particular, the relative amount of L1(0) phase remained practically unchanged whereas the amount of L1(2) phase was significantly decreased in the FePt thin film sample during XRTA. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CSIC, CNM, IMM, Madrid 28760, Spain. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lukaszew, RA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jskuza@physics.utoledo.edu; alukasz@physics.utoledo.edu RI Skuza, Jonathan/E-9048-2010; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/D-5173-2013; Clavero, Cesar/C-4391-2008; Cebollada, Alfonso/B-6754-2012 OI Skuza, Jonathan/0000-0002-9252-2708; Microelectronica de Madrid, Instituto de/0000-0003-4211-9045; Clavero, Cesar/0000-0001-6665-3141; Cebollada, Alfonso/0000-0003-1990-4520 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 251901 DI 10.1063/1.2749426 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900019 ER PT J AU Wang, S Barman, A Schmidt, H Maas, JD Hawkins, AR Kwon, S Harteneck, B Cabrini, S Bokor, J AF Wang, S. Barman, A. Schmidt, H. Maas, J. D. Hawkins, A. R. Kwon, S. Harteneck, B. Cabrini, S. Bokor, J. TI Optimization of nano-magneto-optic sensitivity using dual dielectric layer enhancement SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; NANOMAGNETS AB We discuss maximization of the sensitivity of magneto-optical detection of single nanomagnets. We show that a combination of optimized dielectric coating on the magnets with an antireflection coated substrate can increase the areal magneto- optic sensitivity by about three orders of magnitude in the deep nanometer range. A dual layer nanofabrication process is developed to implement this approach, and magnetization switching of single nickel nanomagnets with 50 nm diameter is demonstrated. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Brigham Young Univ, ECEn Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sch Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM suqinw@soe.ucsc.edu RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011; Hawkins, Aaron/F-5708-2016 OI Hawkins, Aaron/0000-0002-3882-0771 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 252504 DI 10.1063/1.2750389 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900052 ER PT J AU Bland, C Ramsey, TL Sabree, F Lowe, M Brown, K Kyrpides, NC Hugenholtz, P AF Bland, Charles Ramsey, Teresa L. Sabree, Fareedah Lowe, Micheal Brown, Kyndall Kyrpides, Nikos C. Hugenholtz, Philip TI CRISPR Recognition Tool (CRT): a tool for automatic detection of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID DNA REPEATS; BACTERIAL GENOMES; ALIGNMENT SCORE; REPETITIVE DNA; PROKARYOTES; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; ELEMENTS; EVOLUTIONARY AB Background: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats ( CRISPRs) are a novel type of direct repeat found in a wide range of bacteria and archaea. CRISPRs are beginning to attract attention because of their proposed mechanism; that is, defending their hosts against invading extrachromosomal elements such as viruses. Existing repeat detection tools do a poor job of identifying CRISPRs due to the presence of unique spacer sequences separating the repeats. In this study, a new tool, CRT, is introduced that rapidly and accurately identifies CRISPRs in large DNA strings, such as genomes and metagenomes. Results: CRT was compared to CRISPR detection tools, Patscan and Pilercr. In terms of correctness, CRT was shown to be very reliable, demonstrating significant improvements over Patscan for measures precision, recall and quality. When compared to Pilercr, CRT showed improved performance for recall and quality. In terms of speed, CRT proved to be a huge improvement over Patscan. Both CRT and Pilercr were comparable in speed, however CRT was faster for genomes containing large numbers of repeats. Conclusion: In this paper a new tool was introduced for the automatic detection of CRISPR elements. This tool, CRT, showed some important improvements over current techniques for CRISPR identification. CRT's approach to detecting repetitive sequences is straightforward. It uses a simple sequential scan of a DNA sequence and detects repeats directly without any major conversion or preprocessing of the input. This leads to a program that is easy to describe and understand; yet it is very accurate, fast and memory efficient, being O( n) in space and O( nm/ l) in time. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. RP Bland, C (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM charles.bland@jsums.edu; tramsey@cse.unl.edu; fareedah.sabree@jsums.edu; michael.l.lowe@jsums.edu; kyndall.d.brown@jsums.edu; NCKyrpides@lbl.gov; phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 31 TC 177 Z9 183 U1 7 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 209 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-209 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 191KR UT WOS:000248130600001 PM 17577412 ER PT J AU Saha, B Espenson, JH AF Saha, Basudeb Espenson, James H. TI Low-bromide containing MC catalyst for the autoxidation of para-xylene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE autoxidation; para-xylene; MC catalyst; zinc(II) acetate ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; TEREPHTHALIC ACID; P-XYLENE; METAL COCATALYSTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; DIVALENT COBALT; ALKYLBENZENES AB The autoxidation of para-xylene (pX) was carried out with the usual MC catalyst, Co(OAc)(2)/Mn(OAc)(2)/Br-, in the presence of acid additives, but with significantly lower concentrations of bromide. However, the reaction came to a halt after only 15% of the theoretical uptake of oxygen had occurred, presumably due to the loss of inorganic bromide (Br-) in the form of benzylic bromides. But, a tiny amount of Zn(OAc)(2) restored the effectiveness of the catalyst, even with lower bromide, down to 0.28 mmol L-1. Autoxidation of pX occurs by a chain mechanism that involves formation of the dibromide radical which abstracts a hydrogen atom from para-xylene to form the carbon-centered radical ArCH2 center dot. However, excess dibromide radicals are formed during fast chain reactions, which react with ArCH2 center dot to produce undesired benzylic bromides, in parallel with its involvement in the oxidation of substrates. It is believed that Zn(OAc)(2) acts as a bromophilic agent and stores excess Br- in the form of monobromozinc(II), and minimized the loss of Br. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM espenson@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.02.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 173YN UT WOS:000246908500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Yeh, GT Parker, JC Brooks, SC Pace, MN Kim, YJ Jardine, PM Watson, DB AF Zhang, Fan Yeh, Gour-Tsyh Parker, Jack C. Brooks, Scott C. Pace, Molly N. Kim, Young-Jin Jardine, Philip M. Watson, David B. TI A reaction-based paradigm to model reactive chemical transport in groundwater with general kinetic and equilibrium reactions SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater quality; reactive transport modeling; equilibrium reactions; kinetic reactions; fully-implicit; predictor corrector; operator-spliffing; finite element method; Lagrangian-Eulerian approach; uranium sorption ID BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; POROUS-MEDIA; MULTICOMPONENT TRANSPORT; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MASS-TRANSPORT; FORMULATION; COMPONENTS; SORPTION; FLOW AB This paper presents a reaction-based water quality transport model in subsurface flow systems. Transport of chemical species with a variety of chemical and physical processes is mathernatically described by M partial differential equations (PDEs). Decomposition via Gauss-Jordan column reduction of the reaction network transforms Mspecies reactive transport equations into two sets of equations: a set of thermodynamic equilibrium equations representing N(E) equilibrium reactions and a set of reactive transport equations of M-N(E) kineticvariables involving no equilibrium reactions (a kinetic-variable is a linear combination of species). The elimination of equilibrium reactions from reactive transport equations allows robust and efficient numerical integration. The model solves the PDEs of kinetic-variables rather than individual chemical species, which reduces the number of reactive transport equations and simplifies the reaction terms in the equations. Avariety of numerical methods are investigated for solving the coupled transport and reaction equations. Simulation comparisons with exact solutions were performed to verify numerical accuracy and assess the effectiveness of various numerical strategies to deal with different application circumstances. Two validation examples involving simulations of uranium transport in soil columns are presented to evaluate the ability of the model to simulate reactive transport with complex reaction networks involving both kinetic and equilibrium reactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangf@ornl.gov RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.11.007 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 181CX UT WOS:000247415600002 PM 17229488 ER PT J AU Luo, J Weber, FA Cirpka, OA Wu, WM Nyman, JL Carley, J Jardine, PM Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK AF Luo, Jian Weber, Frank-Andreas Cirpka, Olaf A. Wu, Wei-Min Nyman, Jennifer L. Carley, Jack Jardine, Philip M. Criddle, Craig S. Kitanidis, Peter K. TI Modeling in-situ uranium(VI) bioreduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium reduction; sulfate reduction; surface complexation model; reactive transport; inhibition ID HIGHLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; U(VI) REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; HEXAVALENT URANIUM; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; GROUND-WATER; ADSORPTION; BIOREMEDIATION; SORPTION AB We present a travel-time based reactive transport model to simulate an in-situ bioremediation experiment for demonstrating enhanced bioreduction of uranium(VI). The model considers aquatic equilibrium chemistry of uranium and other groundwater constituents, uranium sorption and precipitation, and the microbial reduction of nitrate, sulfate and U(VI). Kinetic sorption/desorption of U(VI) is characterized by mass transfer between stagnant micro-pores and mobile flow zones. The model describes the succession of terminal electron accepting processes and the growth and decay of sulfate-reducing bacteria, concurrent with the enzymatic reduction of aqueous U(VI) species. The effective U(VI) reduction rate and sorption site distributions are determined by fitting the model simulation to an in-situ experiment at Oak Ridge, TN. Results show that (1) the presence of nitrate inhibits U(VI) reduction at the site; (2) the fitted effective rate of in-situ U(VI) reduction is much smaller than the values reported for laboratory experiments; (3) U(VI) sorption/desorption, which affects U(VI) bioavailability at the site, is strongly controlled by kinetics; (4) both pH and bicarbonate concentration significantly influence the sorption/desorption of U(VI), which therefore cannot be characterized by empirical isotherms; and (5) calcium-uranyl-carbonate complexes significantly influence the model performance of U(VI) reduction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, ETH Zentrum CHN, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol EAWAG, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jianluo@ce.gatech.edu RI Cirpka, Olaf/C-7178-2008 OI Cirpka, Olaf/0000-0003-3509-4118 NR 75 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.01.004 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 181CX UT WOS:000247415600008 PM 17291626 ER PT J AU Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G AF Kaczmarski, Krzysztof Guiochon, Georges TI Modeling of the mass-transfer kinetics in chromatographic columns packed with shell and pellicular particles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS SILICA MICROSPHERES; STATIONARY PHASES; RATE CONSTANTS; ADSORPTION; BEDS; MACROMOLECULES; SIMULATION; PROFILES; SPEED AB The equations of the general rate model of chromatography and those of simple models (the POR, equilibrium-dispersive, and transport-dispersive models) are derived for beds packed with shell particles. Shell particles are made of a solid, nonporous core surrounded by a shell of a porous material that has properties similar to those of the fully porous materials conventionally used in HPLC. These equations have no algebraic solutions, but the moments of the peaks eluted under linear conditions can be calculated, affording the HETP equation for these columns. The discussion of the contribution to the HETP of the mass-transfer resistances shows that shell particles exhibit much lower plate heights for large molecular size compounds (e.g., peptides and proteins) than do fully porous particles, this advantage increasing with decreasing thickness of the shell. In contrast, the efficiencies of columns packed with shell particles and with fully porous particles having the same diameters are nearly the same for low molecular weight compounds. In practice, the gain in efficiency due to the use of shell particles to separate high molecular weight compounds does not depend on the thickness of the shell provided that this thickness does not exceed 30-40% of the particle diameter. For larger thicknesses, it decreases with increasing thickness. Shell particles can also be used in preparative chromatography. For compounds that have a high internal mass-transfer resistance, the gain in efficiency compensates the reduction in sample capacity due to the lower volume of porous adsorbent. For proteins like BSA, the production rate could be doubled. The gain decreases with decreasing mass-transfer resistance, e.g., with decreasing molecular weight. C1 Rzeszow Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Rzeszow Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, W Pola 2 St, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 34 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 12 BP 4648 EP 4656 DI 10.1021/ac070209w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 178JK UT WOS:000247216800040 PM 17492836 ER PT J AU Komvokis, VG Iliopoulou, EF Vasalos, IA Triantafyllidis, KS Marshall, CL AF Komvokis, Vasilis G. Iliopoulou, Eleni F. Vasalos, Iacovos A. Triantafyllidis, Kostas S. Marshall, Christopher L. TI Development of optimized Cu-ZSM-5 deNOx catalytic materials both for HC-SCR applications and as FCC catalytic additives SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coordination of Nanostructured Catalytic Oxides Research and Development in Europe CY JAN, 2006 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE DE Cu-ZSM-5; NO reduction; FCC regenerator; CO oxidation; Rh-Ce promotion ID COATED BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; NITROGEN-OXIDES; WATER-VAPOR; NO; ZEOLITE; CO; DEACTIVATION; REGENERATION; EMISSIONS AB Cu-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites finely coated with CeO(2) nanoparticles were tested in this work as catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with C(3)H(6). The CeO(2) coated Cu/ZSM-5 shows lower maximum NO conversion activity compared to the non-coated Cu/ZSM-5 catalyst at relatively high temperatures (ca. 450 degrees C) but the former catalyst is significantly more active at lower temperatures (ca. 350 degrees C), especially at lower space velocities, both under dry and wet feed conditions. Under simultaneous addition of both SO(2) and water in the feed, the beneficial effect of the CeO(2) coating at lower reaction temperatures was retained only at low space velocities. The same Cu/ZSM-5 based samples were evaluated as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalytic additives for the in situ reduction of NOx formed during regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The amounts of NO and CO emitted during regeneration of the spent FCC catalyst at 700 degrees C in the presence of Cu/ZSM-5 based additives were compared with those obtained when a commercial CO promoter was used in the FCC catalyst inventory. All Cu/ZSM-5 additives exhibited significant NO reduction ability, which was further enhanced by increasing the Cu loading or the amount of additive in the FCC catalyst. The CeO(2)-coated sample reached the highest deNOx performance (up to 78% NO reduction); however, all additives presented insufficient activity for CO oxidation. Simultaneous NO reduction and CO oxidation was achieved only when the CeO(2)-Cu/ZSM-5 additive was promoted with Rh or when the non-promoted additives were combined with a commercial CO promoter. Preliminary studies suggested that the Rh-promoted CeO(2)-Cu/ZSM-5 additives can be very effective for both NO reduction by CO and CO oxidation at certain 02 concentrations, such as in the O(2)-deficient zones of the FCC regenerator. Further studies are in progress in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism and optimize the additive's formulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Triantafyllidis, KS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ktrianta@chem.auth.gr RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 325 IS 2 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.02.035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184AJ UT WOS:000247613200024 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Center points and grid equations from sub-grid equations SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE central tendency; mean; median; operational equations; grid analysis ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GRIDS; DIAMOND CONFIGURATION; 5-POINT; CUBES AB An operational method for central tendency yields estimates that compete with the mean and the median on sorted data. Combining operational equations for four-point grids yields new equations for six-point grids. The method is easy to apply and it can be used to generate equations for nine-point grids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 189 IS 2 BP 1467 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.12.023 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 185GJ UT WOS:000247699100045 ER PT J AU Raubeson, LA Peery, R Chumley, TW Dziubek, C Fourcade, HM Boore, JL Jansen, RK AF Raubeson, Linda A. Peery, Rhiannon Chumley, Timothy W. Dziubek, Chris Fourcade, H. Matthew Boore, Jeffrey L. Jansen, Robert K. TI Comparative chloroplast genomics: analyses including new sequences from the angiosperms Nuphar advena and Ranunculus macranthus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BASAL ANGIOSPERM; CODON USAGE; PLASTID CHROMOSOME; INVERTED REPEAT; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; GENE ORGANIZATION; LOCAL ALIGNMENT; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Background: The number of completely sequenced plastid genomes available is growing rapidly. This array of sequences presents new opportunities to perform comparative analyses. In comparative studies, it is often useful to compare across wide phylogenetic spans and, within angiosperms, to include representatives from basally diverging lineages such as the genomes reported here: Nuphar advena (from a basal-most lineage) and Ranunculus macranthus (a basal eudicot). We report these two new plastid genome sequences and make comparisons (within angiosperms, seed plants, or all photosynthetic lineages) to evaluate features such as the status of ycf15 and ycf68 as protein coding genes, the distribution of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and longer dispersed repeats (SDR), and patterns of nucleotide composition. Results: The Nuphar [GenBank: NC 008788] and Ranunculus [GenBank: NC 008796] plastid genomes share characteristics of gene content and organization with many other chloroplast genomes. Like other plastid genomes, these genomes are A+T-rich, except for rRNA and tRNA genes. Detailed comparisons of Nuphar with Nymphaea, another Nymphaeaceae, show that more than two-thirds of these genomes exhibit at least 95% sequence identity and that most SSRs are shared. In broader comparisons, SSRs vary among genomes in terms of abundance and length and most contain repeat motifs based on A and T nucleotides. Conclusion: SSR and SDR abundance varies by genome and, for SSRs, is proportional to genome size. Long SDRs are rare in the genomes assessed. SSRs occur less frequently than predicted and, although the majority of the repeat motifs do include A and T nucleotides, the A+T bias in SSRs is less than that predicted from the underlying genomic nucleotide composition. In codon usage third positions show an A+T bias, however variation in codon usage does not correlate with differences in A+T-richness. Thus, although plastome nucleotide composition shows "A+ T richness", an A+T bias is not apparent upon more in-depth analysis, at least in these aspects. The pattern of evolution in the sequences identified as ycf15 and ycf68 is not consistent with them being protein-coding genes. In fact, these regions show no evidence of sequence conservation beyond what is normal for non- coding regions of the IR. C1 Cent Washington Univ, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Program Evolut Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94547 USA. RP Raubeson, LA (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM raubeson@cwu.edu; peeryr@cwu.edu; tchumley@mail.utexas.edu; cdz5@hotmail.com; fourcade@bu.edu; JLBoore@Berkeley.edu; jansen@mail.utexas.edu RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011 NR 75 TC 99 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 174 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-174 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 193KH UT WOS:000248272400001 PM 17573971 ER PT J AU Zhang, WG Mellone, BG Karpen, GH AF Zhang, Weiguo Mellone, Barbara G. Karpen, Gary H. TI A specialized nucleosome has a "point" to make SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID CENTROMERIC CHROMATIN AB Three recent papers, including Mizuguchi et al. (2007) in this issue, show that the nonhistone protein Scm3 is required for the recruitment of the histone H3 variant Cse4 to centromeres in budding yeast. Scm3 forms a chromatin component with Cse4:histone H4 tetramers that appear to lack H2A/H2B histones. These studies provide key insights into the pathway that recruits Cse4 to centromeres and have important implications for other functions of chromatin. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karpen, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM karpen@fruitfly.org OI Mellone, Barbara/0000-0002-2785-5119 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066272, R01 GM066272-06] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.054 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 180UA UT WOS:000247390400010 PM 17574019 ER PT J AU Handsfield, HH AF Handsfield, H. Hunter TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in sex partners: What is a sexually transmitted disease? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID HEPATITIS-C; TRANSMISSION; COHORT; VIRUS C1 Batelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Handsfield, HH (reprint author), Batelle Seattle Res Ctr, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM handsfieldh@battelle.org NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1664 EP 1664 DI 10.1086/519700 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 170JA UT WOS:000246658200021 PM 17516415 ER PT J AU Faraudo, J Travesset, A AF Faraudo, Jordi Travesset, Alex TI Electrostatics of phosphatidic acid monolayers: Insights from computer simulations SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Surface Forces CY JUN 28-JUL 04, 2006 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Int Assoc Colloid & Interface Sci DE amphiphilic monolayers; molecular dynamics simulations; charge inversion; ion correlations; dielectric overscreening; interfacial water ID CHARGED INTERFACES; FORCE-FIELD; MEMBRANES AB In this paper, we argue that many of the fascinating electrostatic effects that take place in amphiphilic systems are strongly related to the particular organization of the oxygen atoms within each individual molecule. In particular, we focus on two effects: charge inversion and dielectric overscreening. For that Purpose, we present molecular dynamics simulations of phosphatidic acid (DMPA(2-)) in the presence of divalent counterions. Our results show that the many oxygens present in DMPA(2-) cooperatively create strong binding sites for counterions, which in some cases lead to charge inversion. We also present an analysis of the role of interfacial water and relate our analysis to the phenomenon of dielectric overscreening. Several experimental implications are discussed in the conclusions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Faraudo, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain. EM jordi.faraudo@uab.cat RI FARAUDO, JORDI/F-4921-2012 OI FARAUDO, JORDI/0000-0002-6315-4993 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 EI 1873-4359 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 300 IS 3 SI SI BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 171PS UT WOS:000246748500005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Woicik, PA Lukasik, T Maloney, T Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, R. Z. Woicik, P. A. Lukasik, T. Maloney, T. Volkow, N. D. TI Drug fluency: A potential marker for cocaine use disorders SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE semantic memory; cocaine; drug addiction; salience; cue-reactivity; craving; prefrontal cortex ID ATTENTIONAL BIAS; CUES; ADDICTION; INVENTORY; CINGULATE; CORTEX AB The goal of the current study was to tailor semantic fluency to increase its sensitivity and ecological validity in the study of drug use disorders. On a newly modified "drug" fluency task, individuals with cocaine use disorders who tested positive for cocaine at study day named more drug-related words than control subjects. The number of words provided on the classical semantic fluency task (animals and fruits/vegetables) did not differ between the groups. While the individuals with cocaine use disorders who tested negative for cocaine at study day did not differ from the control subjects in total words named on this task, a qualitative analysis indicated that both cocaine subgroups provided significantly more words pertaining to the experience of using drugs (paraphernalia, administration) than the matched control subjects. These results demonstrate that compared to classical neurocognitive assessment tools, newly tailored measures may be more sensitive to cocaine use disorders, psychopathologies that are often characterized by mild neuropsychological deficits but a well-circumscribed attentional bias to drug-related cues. Future studies are needed to probe the exact cognitive processes and neural circuitry underlying performance on this cue-sensitive 1-min measure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Med Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Med Dept, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rgoldstein@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR-10710, M01 RR010710]; NIDA NIH HHS [1K23 DA1 5517-01, K23 DA015517] NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.001 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 167IL UT WOS:000246445200012 PM 17234364 ER PT J AU Lee, PKH Conrad, ME Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Lee, Patrick K. H. Conrad, Mark E. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Stable carbon isotope fractionation of chloroethenes by dehalorespiring isolates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRACHLOROETHENE REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENASE; DEHALOCOCCOIDES SP STRAIN; CHLORINATED ETHENE DEGRADATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE REDUCTASE; DEHALOSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; SULFUROSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; DEHALOBACTER-RESTRICTUS; RESPIRING BACTERIUM AB Stable carbon isotope fractionation during the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes by two bacterial strains that dechlorinate to ethene, Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 and Dehalococcoides sp. strain BAV1 as well as Sulfurospirillum multivorans and Dehalobacter restrictus strain PER-K23, isolates that do not dechlorinate past DCE, are reported. Fractionation by a Dehalococcoides-containing enrichment culture is also measured for comparison to the isolates. All data adequately fit the Rayleigh model and results are presented as enrichment factors. For strain 195, the measured enrichment factors were -9.6 +/- 0.4, -21.1 +/- 1.8, and -5.8 +/- 0.5 when degrading TCE, cDCE, and 1,1-DCE, respectively. Strain BAV1 exhibited enrichment factors of -16.9 +/- 1.4, -8.4 +/- 0.3, -21.4 +/- 0.9, and -24.0 +/- 2.0 for cDCE, 1,1-DCE, tDCE, and VC, respectively. The surprisingly large differences in enrichment factors caused by individual reductases (RDases) reducing different chloroethenes is likely the result of chemical structure differences among the chloroethenes. For TCE reduction, S. multivorans and D. restrictus strain PER-K23 exhibited enrichment factors of -16.4 +/- 1.5 and -3.3 +/- 0.3, respectively. While all of the organisms studied here utilize RDases that require corrinoid cofactors, the biotic TCE enrichment factors varied widely from those reported for the abiotic cobalamin-catalyzed reaction, indicating that additional factors affect the extent of fractionation in these biological systems. The enrichment factors measured for the Dehalococcoides-containing enrichment culture did not match well with those from any of the isolates, demonstrating the inherent difficulties in predicting fractionation factors of undefined communities. Although compound-specific isotope fractionation is a powerful tool for evaluating the progress of in situ bioremediation in the field, given the wide range of enrichment factors associated with functionally similar and phylogenetically diverse organisms, caution must be exercised when applying enrichment factors for the interpretation of dechlorination data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Lee, Patrick K H/L-1844-2016 OI Lee, Patrick K H/0000-0003-0911-5317 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04705] NR 53 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4277 EP 4285 DI 10.1021/es062736d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177YE UT WOS:000247187600013 PM 17626425 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Wan, J Lanzirotti, A Sutton, SR Newville, M Rao, W AF Tokunaga, Tetsu K. Wan, Jiamin Lanzirotti, Antonio Sutton, Steve R. Newville, Matthew Rao, William TI Long-term stability of organic carbon-stimulated chromate reduction in contaminated soils and its relation to manganese redox status SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CR(VI) REDUCTION; GAMMA-MNOOH; OXIDATION; KINETICS; REMEDIATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXTRACTION AB In situ reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to less hazardous Cr(III) is becoming a popular strategy for remediating contaminated soils. However, the long-term stability of reduced Cr remains to be understood, especially given the common presence of Mn(III,IV) oxides that re-oxidize Cr(III). This 4.6 year laboratory study tracked Cr and Mn redox transformations in soils contaminated with Cr(VI), which were then treated with different amounts of organic carbon (OC). Changes in Cr and Mn oxidation states within soils were directly and nondestructively measured using micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Chromate reduction was roughly first-order, and the extent of reduction was enhanced with higher OC additions. However, significant Cr(III) re-oxidation occurred in soils exposed to the highest Cr(VI) concentrations (2560 mg kg(-1)). Transient Cr(III) re-oxidation up to 420 mg kg(-1) was measured at 1.1 years after OC treatment, followed by further reduction. Chromate concentrations increased by 220 mg kg(-1) at the end of the study (4.6 years) in one soil. The causal role that the Mn oxidation state had in re-oxidizing Cr was supported by trends in Mn K-edge energies. These results provide strong evidence for long-term dependence of soil Cr oxidation states on balances between OC availability and Mn redox status. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tktokunaga@lbl.gov RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4326 EP 4331 DI 10.1021/es062874c PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177YE UT WOS:000247187600020 PM 17626432 ER PT J AU Horita, J Clayton, RN AF Horita, Juske Clayton, Robert N. TI Comment on the studies of oxygen isotope fractionation between calcium carbonates and water at low temperatures by Zhou and Zheng (2003;2005) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material ID INORGANICALLY PRECIPITATED ARAGONITE; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; HIGH-PRESSURE; MINERALS; LIQUID; BEHAVIOR; CO2 AB Experimental and theoretical aspects of oxygen isotope fractionation in the system calcite-water at low temperatures were critically examined. Contrary to the claim made by Zhou and Zheng [Zhou G.-T., and Zheng Y.-F. (2003) An experimental study of oxygen isotope fractionation between inorganically precipitated aragonite and water at low temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 387-399], there is excellent agreement between fractionation factors that were experimentally determined by means of slow, inorganic precipitation of calcite from solutions and those obtained largely from theoretical, statistical-mechanical calculations of the reduced partition function ratios. This agreement strongly suggests that calcite was precipitated from a solution very close to isotopic equilibrium. However, recently Zhou and Zheng [Zhou G.-T., and Zheng Y.-F. (2005) Effect of polymorphic transition on oxygen isotope fractionation between aragonite, calcite and water: a low-temperature experimental study. Am. Miner. 90, 1121-1130] presented, without any explanation, conclusions on these major aspects that contradict the previous statements of Zhou and Zheng (2003). The apparent discrepancy in calcite-water oxygen isotope fractionation between experimental and theoretical studies discussed by Zhou and Zheng (2003) originates from the "mineral-water interaction" term in the modified increment method, which was developed by one of the authors (Y.-F. Zheng). We call for evidence for the theoretical nature of the modified increment method, which has never been presented in any of Zheng's papers. Without such evidence, great caution must be exercised in using fractionation factors derived from the modified increment method. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Horita, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM horitaj@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 12 BP 3131 EP 3135 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.033 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 178JG UT WOS:000247216400016 ER PT J AU Heuer, M Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Pickett, MD Marcus, MA Minor, AM Weber, ER AF Heuer, M. Buonassisi, T. Istratov, A. A. Pickett, M. D. Marcus, M. A. Minor, A. M. Weber, E. R. TI Transition metal interaction and Ni-Fe-Cu-Si phases in silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROPROBE; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION LENGTH; IMPURITIES AB In the present article we characterize several intermetallic phases of the Cu-Ni-Fe-Si system found as precipitates in the misfit dislocation layer of intentionally contaminated and slowly cooled Si1-xGex/Si-heterostructures. The clusters showed a characteristic phase speciation into a Cu-rich part similar to Cu3Si and an Fe-Ni-Cu-Si phase similar to NiSi2. It is suggested that the precipitate formation of the investigated intermetallic silicides involves a homogeneous precursor phase at higher temperatures that later decomposes into the observed phases. Our results indicate that chemical reactions between metals and silicon during precipitation may reduce the lattice mismatch compared to single-metal precipitates, rendering mixed-metal-silicide precipitates more stable and energetically favorable. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heuer, M (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Scharnhorststr 20, D-04275 Leipzig, Germany. EM m.heuer@uni-leipzig.de RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123510 DI 10.1063/1.2748346 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700036 ER PT J AU Hoang, J Van, TT Sawkar-Mathur, M Hoex, B Van de Sanden, MCM Kessels, WMM Ostroumov, R Wang, KL Bargar, JR Chang, JP AF Hoang, J. Van, T. T. Sawkar-Mathur, M. Hoex, B. Van de Sanden, M. C. M. Kessels, W. M. M. Ostroumov, R. Wang, K. L. Bargar, J. R. Chang, J. P. TI Optical properties of Y2O3 thin films doped with spatially controlled Er3+ by atomic layer deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOCRYSTALS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; O-RADICALS; MU M; ERBIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE AB We report in this work the optical properties of Er3+-doped Y2O3, deposited by radical enhanced atomic layer deposition. Specifically, the 1.53 mu m absorption cross section of Er3+ in Y2O3 was measured by cavity ring-down spectroscopy to be (1.9 +/- 0.5)x10(-20) cm(2), about two times that for Er3+ in SiO2. This is consistent with the larger Er3+ effective absorption cross section at 488 nm, determined based on the 1.53 mu m photoluminescence yield as a function of the pump power. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy were used to determine the film composition, which in turn was used to analyze the extended x-ray absorption fine structure data, showing that Er was locally coordinated to only O in the first shell and its second shell was a mixture of Y and Er. These results demonstrated that the optical properties of Er3+-doped Y2O3 are enhanced, likely due to the fully oxygen coordinated, spatially controlled, and uniformly distributed Er3+ dopants in the host. These findings are likely universal in rare-earth doped oxide materials, making it possible to design materials with improved optical properties for their use in optoelectronic devices. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hoang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jpchang@ucla.edu NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123116 DI 10.1063/1.2748629 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700017 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Park, S Roy, S Sinha, SK Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, OL Woodford, JB AF Johnson, Jacqueline A. Park, Sungkyun Roy, Sujoy Sinha, Sunil K. Erdemir, Ali Eryilmaz, Osman L. Woodford, John B. TI Complementary neutron and x-ray reflectivity studies of "near-frictionless" carbon films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AB "Near-frictionless carbon," a form of amorphous hydrogenated diamondlike carbon developed at Argonne National Laboratory, has been investigated by neutron and x-ray reflectivity under ambient conditions, in vacuum, and at elevated temperature. A series of films was made with different ratios of hydrogen to carbon in the plasma; the deuterated counterparts were also synthesized. The details of scattering length density profiles, thickness, and surface and interfacial roughness of the films were obtained from neutron and x-ray reflectivity profiles. This allowed us to calculate the mass density and hydrogen composition of the bulk carbon film, leading to insight into the frictional properties. From the analysis we found that the magnitude of the scattering length density of the top surface layer was greatly affected by the experimental atmosphere in which the films were contained although the trend with hydrogen in the plasma remained the same. All samples were fitted with a three-layer model in addition to the substrate. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Busan Ctr, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123516 DI 10.1063/1.2745244 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700042 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Sadigh, B Baumann, TF Wang, YM Felter, TE van Buuren, T Gash, AE Satcher, JH Hamza, AV AF Kucheyev, S. O. Sadigh, B. Baumann, T. F. Wang, Y. M. Felter, T. E. van Buuren, T. Gash, A. E. Satcher, J. H., Jr. Hamza, A. V. TI Electronic structure of chromia aerogels from soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; LDA+U METHOD; SPECTRA; CR2O3; OXIDES; EDGES; PHOTOEMISSION; PRECURSORS AB The electronic structure of ultralow density nanoporous chromia monoliths (aerogels) is studied by soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. These aerogels are prepared by the epoxide sol-gel method. High-resolution O K edge and Cr L-2,L-3 edge XANES spectra of aerogels (before and after thermal annealing at 550 degrees C) are compared with spectra of microcrystalline alpha-Cr2O3 and orthorhombic CrO3 powders, alpha-Cr2O3 (0001) and (1102) single crystals, and an unrelaxed amorphous phase of full-density Cr2O3. Spectra are interpreted based on the results of crystal-field multiplet calculations (for Cr L-2,L-3 edge) and ab initio spin-polarized density functional theory calculations with and without a Hubbard-type on-site Coulomb repulsion (for O K edge). Results show that the electronic structure of as-prepared aerogels, with a large fraction of undercoordinated surface atoms, is significantly different from that of bulk alpha-Cr2O3, CrO3, or amorphous Cr2O3. Thermal treatment transforms the as-prepared amorphous aerogel into alpha-Cr2O3 nanopowder. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 124315 DI 10.1063/1.2749489 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700124 ER PT J AU Liu, C Xiao, XC Wang, HH Auciello, O Carlisle, JA AF Liu, Chao Xiao, Xingcheng Wang, Hsien-Hau Auciello, Orlando Carlisle, John A. TI Electron paramagnetic resonance study of hydrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON-FILMS; CVD DIAMOND; DEFECTS; NITROGEN; EPR; ESR; TEM AB Hydrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films have been deposited in microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system with various hydrogen concentrations in the Ar/CH4 gas mixture, and characterized by several techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dc conductivity measurements. The EPR spectrum of diamond film was composed of two Lorentzian lines with different g factors. When hydrogen concentration in the plasma increased during diamond growth, the spin density of the narrow line decreased, whereas the spin density of the broad signal remained roughly constant. We propose that the two EPR components can be attributed to two different phases in the diamond film, i.e., the narrow line is originated from the highly defective grain boundary region and the broad line is related to the defects in the diamond grains. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chaoliu@anl.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123924 DI 10.1063/1.2747593 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700102 ER PT J AU Singh, AK Liermann, HP Akahama, Y Kawamura, H AF Singh, Anil K. Liermann, Hanns-Peter Akahama, Yuichi Kawamura, Haruki TI Aluminum as a pressure-transmitting medium cum pressure standard for x-ray diffraction experiments to 200 GPa with diamond anvil cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIAL STRESS COMPONENT; STRONG COMPRESSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; PHASE-STABILITY; VOIGT FUNCTION; ATOMIC VOLUME; STRENGTH; STATE; AL AB The compressive strength of 99.999% pure aluminum as a function of pressure to 215 GPa has been determined from the linewidth analysis of high-pressure x-ray diffraction patterns recorded with beveled-diamond anvil cell. The strength is found to increase linearly from 0.3(1) GPa at zero pressure to 5.0(2) GPa at 200 GPa. The data to 55 GPa with flat anvil diamond cell suggest that the strength of 99.999% pure aluminum increases from 0.21(8) GPa at zero pressure to 1.1(1) GPa at 55 GPa and the extrapolated strength at 200 GPa is 3.3(4). Significantly larger strength obtained with beveled-diamond anvil cell most likely arises due to larger radial stress gradients than in the case of flat anvils. The strength of aluminum is compared with those of argon to 50 GPa and of helium to 70 GPa. The use of face-centered cubic phase of aluminum in the dual role of a pressure standard and solid pressure-transmitting medium to 200 GPa is discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Mat, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. EM aksingh@css.nal.res.in NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123526 DI 10.1063/1.2734868 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700052 ER PT J AU Stebounova, LV Romanyuk, YE Chen, DX Leone, SR AF Stebounova, Larissa V. Romanyuk, Yaroslav E. Chen, Dongxue Leone, Stephen R. TI Imaging of InGaN inhomogeneities using visible apertureless near-field scanning optical microscope SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELL; PHASE-SEPARATION; THICK INGAN; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; EPILAYERS; GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING AB The optical properties of epitaxially grown islands of InGaN are investigated with nanometer-scale spatial resolution using visible apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy. Scattered light from the tip-sample system is modulated by cantilever oscillations and detected at the third harmonic of the oscillation frequency to distinguish the near-field signal from unwanted scattered background light. Scattered near-field measurements indicate that the as-grown InGaN islanded film may exhibit both inhomogeneous In composition and strain-induced changes that affect the optical signal at 633 and 532 nm. Changes are observed in the optical contrast for large three-dimensional InGaN islands (hundreds of nanometers) of the same height. Near-field optical mapping of small grains on a finer scale reveals InGaN composition or strain-induced irregularities in features with heights of only 2 nm, which exhibit different near-field signals at 633 and 532 nm incident wavelengths. Optical signal contrast from topographic features as small as 30 nm is detected. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 124306 DI 10.1063/1.2748871 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700115 ER PT J AU Wen, SB Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Wen, Sy-Bor Mao, Xianglei Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard E. TI Experimental and theoretical studies of particle generation after laser ablation of copper with a background gas at atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NANOCLUSTER FORMATION; ICP-MS; DYNAMICS; PLUMES; VAPOR; NANOPARTICLES; SIMULATION; NUCLEATION AB Laser ablation has proven to be an effective method for generating nanoparticles; particles are produced in the laser induced vapor plume during the cooling stage. To understand the in situ condensation process, a series of time resolved light scattering images was recorded and analyzed. Significant changes in the condensation rate and the shape of the condensed aerosol plume were observed in two background gases, helium and argon. The primary particle shape and size distributions were measured using a transmission electron microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a differential mobility analyzer. The gas dynamics simulation included nucleation and coagulation within the vapor plume, heat and mass transfer from the vapor plume to the background gas, and heat transfer to the sample. The experimental data and the calculated evolution of the shape of the vapor plume showed the same trend for the spatial distribution of the condensed particles in both background gases. The simulated particle size distribution also qualitatively agreed with the experimental data. It was determined that the laser energy, the physical properties of the background gas (conductivity, diffusivity, and viscosity), and the shape of the ablation system (ablation chamber and the layout of the sample) have strong effects on the condensation process and the subsequent sizes, shapes, and degree of aggregation of the particles.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123105 DI 10.1063/1.2748635 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700006 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Yao, CH Wang, LQ AF Windisch, Charles F., Jr. Exarhos, Gregory J. Yao, Chunhua Wang, Li-Qiong TI Raman study of the influence of hydrogen on defects in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; GROWTH; MODES AB Raman spectra of ZnO powders and thin films obtained during exposure to hydrogen at different concentrations, temperatures, and electrochemical conditions indicated two distinct effects of hydrogen on the defect structure of the oxide. At lower concentrations of hydrogen in a gaseous environment at approximately 400 degrees C, the hydrogen diffused into the ZnO and occupied oxygen vacancies contributing to a reduction in intensity of Raman bands associated with the defect. At higher concentrations of hydrogen, generated during electrochemical polarization in aqueous solution at 25 degrees C, the hydrogen diffused into the ZnO, both filling oxygen vacancies and populating interstitial sites in line with recent observations reported in the literature. In this latter role, hydrogen imparted sufficient electron density to the Zn and/or structural disorder to enhance vibration modes that are forbidden or typically weak in native ZnO. The results argue for the pervasive and varied chemistry of hydrogen in this oxide and may help explain the dependence of physical properties, especially electrical conductivity, on fabrication methods and environmental conditions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM cf.windisch@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 123711 DI 10.1063/1.2748719 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700071 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Schulze, RK Wang, H Misra, A AF Zhang, X. Schulze, R. K. Wang, H. Misra, A. TI Thermal stability of sputtered Cu/304 stainless steel multilayer films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 304-STAINLESS-STEEL FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BCC STRUCTURE; MOSSBAUER; DIFFRACTION; DEPOSITION AB We report on the thermal stability of sputter-deposited Cu/304 stainless steel nanoscale multilayer films. For individual layer thickness of approximately 70 nm, the layered morphology was stable up to 600 degrees C with no significant change in the hardness. The stainless steel layer had a duplex bcc+fcc structure that was also preserved in annealed films. After annealing at temperatures of 650 degrees C or higher, the hardness of these multilayer films decreased from 4.75 to 3.4 GPa due to morphological evolution from layers to equiaxed grains and coarsening of the nanolayers. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhangx@tamu.edu RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Schulze, Roland/0000-0002-6601-817X NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 12 AR 124311 DI 10.1063/1.2748628 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FE UT WOS:000247625700120 ER PT J AU Hirai, Y Nelson, CM Yamazaki, K Takebe, K Przybylo, J Madden, B Radisky, DC AF Hirai, Yohei Nelson, Celeste M. Yamazaki, Kyoko Takebe, Kyoko Przybylo, Jennifer Madden, Benjamin Radisky, Derek C. TI Non-classical export of epimorphin and its adhesion to alpha v-integrin in regulation of epithelial morphogenesis SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epimorphin; integrin; morphogenesis; membrane translocation; t-SNARE ID PRESYNAPTIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; VESICULAR TRANSPORT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CELLS; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; TRANSLOCATION; PATHWAY AB Epimorphin ( also known as syntaxin 2) acts as an epithelial morphogen when secreted by stromal cells of the mammary gland, lung, liver, colon, pancreas and other tissues, but the same molecule functions within the cell to mediate membrane fusion. How this molecule, which lacks a signal sequence and contains a transmembrane domain at the C-terminus, translocates across the plasma membrane and is secreted to become a morphogen, and how it initiates morphogenic events is not clear. Here, we show that epimorphin is secreted through a non-classical mechanism, similar to that previously described for secretion of the leaderless protein FGF1, and we identify the key molecular elements responsible for translocation and secretion from the cell. We also show that secreted epimorphin binds to alpha v-integrin-containing receptors on target epithelial cells, leading to activation of specific downstream signaling pathways and induction of epithelial morphogenesis. These findings provide key insight into how epimorphin functions as an epithelial morphogen. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Morphoregulat, Inst Frontier Med Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mayo Clin Canc Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mayo Clin Proteom Res Ctr, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Hirai, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Morphoregulat, Inst Frontier Med Sci, Sakyo Ku, 53 Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. EM yohei@frontier.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 EI 1477-9137 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2032 EP 2043 DI 10.1242/jcs.006247 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 175PA UT WOS:000247024300009 PM 17535848 ER PT J AU Sawyer, WB Mirin, AA AF Sawyer, William B. Mirin, Arthur A. TI The implementation of the finite-volume dynamical core in the community atmosphere model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Indo/Germany Conference on PDE, Scientific Computing and Optimization in Applications CY SEP 08-10, 2004 CL Univ Trier, Dept Math, Trier, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Indian Natl Sci Acad HO Univ Trier, Dept Math DE atmospheric dynamics; primitive equations; finite-volume methods; parallel computing ID PERFORMANCE AB A distributed memory message-passing parallel implementation of a finite-volume discretization of the primitive equations in the community atmosphere model (CAM) 3.0 is presented. These 3-D equations can be decoupled into a set of 2-D equations by the introduction of a floating vertical coordinate, resulting in considerable potential parallelism. Subsequent analysis of the data dependencies-in particular those arising from the polar singularity of the latitude-longitude coordinate system-suggests that two separate domain decompositions should be employed, each tailored for a different pan of the model. The implementation requires that data be periodically redistributed between these two decompositions. Furthermore, data from nearest neighbors are kept in halo regions, which are updated between iterations. These data movements are optimized through one-sided communication primitives and multithreading. The resulting algorithm is shown to scale to very large machine configurations, even for relatively coarse resolutions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Seminar Appl Math, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sawyer, WB (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Seminar Appl Math, Ramistr 101, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM sawyer@sam.math.ethz.ch NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 203 IS 2 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2006.04.015 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 166XJ UT WOS:000246413800006 ER PT J AU Romanyuk, YE Dengel, RG Stebounova, LV Leone, SR AF Romanyuk, Yaroslav E. Dengel, Radii-Gabriel Stebounova, Larissa V. Leone, Stephen R. TI Molecular beam epitaxy of InN dots on nitrided sapphire SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; QUANTUM DOTS; INDIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; GAN; ALLOYS; LAYERS; MOVPE; MODE; AFM AB A series of self-assembled InN dots are grown by radio frequency (RF) plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) directly on nitrided sapphire. Initial nitridation of the sapphire substrates at 900 degrees C results in the formation of a rough AlN surface layer, which acts as a very thin buffer layer and facilitates the nucleation of the InN dots according to the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode, with a wetting layer of similar to 0.9 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that well-confined InN nanoislands with the greatest height/width at half-height ratio of 0.64 can be grown at 460 degrees C. Lower substrate temperatures result in a reduced aspect ratio due to a lower diffusion rate of the In adatoms whereas the thermal decomposition of InN truncates the growth at T > 500 degrees C. The densities of separated dots vary between 1.0 x 10(10) and 2.5 x 10(10) cm(-2) depending on the growth time. Optical response of the InN dots under laser excitation is studied with apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, although no photoluminescence is observed from these samples. In view of the desirable implementation of InN nanostructures into photonic devices, the results indicate that nitrided sapphire is a suitable substrate for growing self-assembled InN nanodots. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 2 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.01.048 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 181EL UT WOS:000247419600010 ER PT J AU Liu, T Chandril, S Ptak, AJ Korakakis, D Myers, TH AF Liu, Ting Chandril, Sandeep Ptak, A. J. Korakakis, D. Myers, T. H. TI Bismuth surfactant effects for GaAsN and beryllium doping of GaAsN and GaInAsN grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE doping; surface processes; molecular beam epitaxy; semiconducting III-V materials ID SOLAR-CELL APPLICATIONS; GAINNAS; SPECTRA; RAMAN AB Bi was investigated as a possible surfactant for growth of GaAs1-xNx, layers on (100) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using a radio frequency (RF) plasma nitrogen source. Importantly, Bi extends the useable growth conditions producing smoother surfaces to a significantly higher group V fractional N content than without Bi, enhancing possibilities for growth of structures requiring a larger nitrogen content. The conductivity of Be-doped GaAsN and GaInAsN decreased significantly with increasing N concentration. Temperature-dependent Hall measurement suggests possible compensation and increased activation energy. SIMS and Raman measurements indicate that the N composition increased with introducing Be, and for low [N], with the presence of Bi. The addition of Bi during growth of Be-doped GaAsN only produced semi-insulating layers at all concentrations investigated suggesting it enhances the formation of compensating defects. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Liu, T (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM tliu@mix.wvu.edu RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 2 BP 402 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.04.013 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 181EL UT WOS:000247419600019 ER PT J AU Tarasevich, BJ Howard, CJ Larson, JL Snead, ML Simmer, JP Paine, M Shaw, WJ AF Tarasevich, Barbara J. Howard, Christopher J. Larson, Jenna L. Snead, Malcolm L. Simmer, James P. Paine, Michael Shaw, Wendy J. TI The nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate by amelogenin SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nucleation; amelogenin; hydroxyapatite; enamel ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE FORMATION; IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT AMELOGENIN; BINDING-PROPERTIES; BONE SIALOPROTEIN; APATITE FORMATION; ENAMEL FORMATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB The nucleation processes involved in calcium phosphate formation in tooth enamel are not well understood but are believed to involve proteins in the extracellular matrix. The ability of one enamel protein, amelogenin, to promote the nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate was studied in an in vitro system involving metastable supersaturated solutions. It was found that recombinant amelogenin (rM 179 and rp(H)M 180) promoted the nucleation of calcium phosphate compared to solutions without protein. The amount of calcium phosphate increased with increasing supersaturation of the solutions and increasing protein concentrations up to 6.5 mu g/mL. At higher protein concentrations, the amount of calcium phosphate decreased. The kinetics of nucleation was studied in situ and in real time using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and showed that the protein reduced the induction time for nucleation compared to solutions without protein. This work shows a nucleation role for amelogenin in vitro which may be promoted by the association of amelogenin into nanosphere templates, exposing charged functionality at the surface. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Tarasevich, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 908 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM barbara.tarasevich@pnl.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE015347, R01 DE015347-02] NR 48 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 2 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.02.035 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 181EL UT WOS:000247419600020 PM 19079557 ER PT J AU Doucleff, M Pelton, JG Lee, PS Nixon, BT Wemmer, DE AF Doucleff, Michaeleen Pelton, Jeffrey G. Lee, Peter S. Nixon, B. Tracy Wemmer, David E. TI Structural basis of DNA recognition by the alternative sigma-factor, sigma 54 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sigma-54; transcription initiation; protein-DNA complex; RNA polymerase; RpoN box ID RNA-POLYMERASE HOLOENZYME; ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROMOTER; COMPLEX; DOMAINS; COLONIZATION; SPECIFICITY AB The sigma subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) regulates gene expression by directing RNAP to specific promoters. Unlike CF (70)-type proteins, the alternative a factor, a, requires interaction with an ATPase to open DNA. We present the solution structure of the C-terminal domain of sigma(54) bound to the -24 promoter element, in which the conserved RpoN box motif inserts into the major groove of the DNA. This structure elucidates the basis for sequence specific recognition of the -24 element, orients sigma(54) on the promoter, and suggests how the C-terminal domain of sigma(54) interacts with RNAP (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR15756, S10 RR015756-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62163, R01 GM062163, R01 GM062163-05A1, R01 GM062163-07] NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1078 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 176OY UT WOS:000247096000016 PM 17481658 ER PT J AU Mei, Q Hart, RT Benmore, CJ Amin, S Leinenweber, K Yarger, JL AF Mei, Q. Hart, R. T. Benmore, C. J. Amin, S. Leinenweber, K. Yarger, J. L. TI The structure of densified As2O3 glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Structure of Non-Crystalline Materials (NCM 10) CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE neutron diffraction/scattering; Raman scattering; synchrotron radiation; natural glasses; pressure effects; medium-range order ID VITREOUS AS2O3; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; SPECTRA AB In situ high energy X-ray diffraction and Raman experiments have been carried out to probe the structure changes of vitreous As2O3 under pressure. The first sharp diffraction peak reduces in intensity up to 10 GPa, indicating a breakdown of intermediate range order with pressure. All features in the Raman spectra broaden with increasing pressure up to 11.6 GPa. The mode at 378 cm(-1) associated with As4O6 molecule-like vibrations increases in intensity up to 6.2 GPa and decreases at higher pressures. In addition, X-ray and neutron structure factors have been measured for normal density and permanently densified As2O3 glasses recovered from 10 and 23 GPa. The results show the local AsO3 pyramids and 3-membered rings essentially remain intact after compression. The increase in density is mainly associated with an inward shift of the third nearest neighbor peak in the X-ray radial distribution function, which indicates an increased packing of 3-membered AsO3 rings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Div Xray, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Div Xray, Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 360,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benmore@anl.gov RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014; OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 18-21 BP 1755 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.01.044 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 179ZX UT WOS:000247330600011 ER PT J AU Fabian, M Svab, E Meszaros, G Revay, Z Proffen, T Veress, E AF Fabian, M. Svab, E. Meszaros, Gy. Revay, Zs. Proffen, Th. Veress, E. TI Network structure of multi-component sodium borosilicate glasses by neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Structure of Non-Crystalline Materials (NCM 10) CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE diffraction and scattering measurements; neutron diffraction/scattering; modeling and simulation; Monte Carlo simulations; oxide glasses; borosilicates; structure; short-range order ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; BORON; RAMAN; NMR AB Neutron diffraction structure study has been performed on multi-component sodium borosilicate based waste glasses with the composition of (65 - x)SiO2 center dot xB(2)O(3) center dot 25Na(2)O center dot 5BaO center dot 5ZrO(2), x = 5-15 mol%. The maximum momentum transfer of the experimental structure factor was 30 angstrom(-1), which made available to determine the distribution function with high r-space resolution. Reverse Monte Carlo modelling was applied to calculate several partial atomic pair correlation functions, nearest neighbor distances and coordination numbers have been revealed, The characteristic features of Si-O and Si-Si distributions are similar for all glassy samples, suggesting that the Si-O network consisting of tetrahedral SiO4 units is highly stable even in the multi-component glasses. The B-O correlations proved to be fairly complex, two distinct first neighbor distances are present at 1.40 angstrom and 1.60 angstrom, the latter equals the Si-O distance. Coordination number distribution analyzes has revealed 3 and four-coordinated boron atoms. The O-O distribution suggests a network configuration consisting of boron rich and silicon rich regions. Our findings are consistent with a structure model where the boron rich network contains mostly trigonal BO3 units, and the silicon rich network is formed by a mixed continuous network of Si-[4]-O-Si-[4] with several different B-[4]-O-Si-[4] and B-[3]-O-Si-[4] linkages. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Dept Neutron Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Inst Isotopes, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Chem, R-3400 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Svab, E (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Dept Neutron Phys, Konkoly Thege St 29-33, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM svab@szfki.hu RI Fabian, Margit/C-7210-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 18-21 BP 2084 EP 2089 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.02.030 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 179ZX UT WOS:000247330600075 ER PT J AU Wampler, WR McLean, AG Allen, SL Brooks, NH Elder, JD Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Stangeby, PC West, WP Whyte, DG AF Wampler, W. R. McLean, A. G. Allen, S. L. Brooks, N. H. Elder, J. D. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groth, M. Stangeby, P. C. West, W. P. Whyte, D. G. TI Transport and deposition of C-13 from methane injection into partially detached H-mode plasmas in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; (CH4)-C-13 injection; nuclear reaction analysis; erosion/deposition; impurity transport ID DIVERTOR; CARBON AB Experiments are described which examine the transport and deposition of carbon entering the main plasma scrape-off layer in DIII-D. (CH4)-C-13 was injected from a toroidally symmetric source into the crown of lower single-null partially detached ELMy H-mode plasmas. C-13 deposition, mapped by nuclear reaction analysis of tiles, was high at the inner divertor but absent at the outer divertor, as found previously for low-density L-mode plasmas. This asymmetry indicates that ionized carbon is swept towards the inner divertor by a fast flow in the scrape-off layer. In the private flux region between inner and outer strike points, carbon deposition was low for L-mode but high for the H-mode plasmas. OEDGE modeling reproduces observed deposition patterns and indicates that neutral carbon dominates deposition in the divertor from detached H-mode plasmas. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wampler, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrwampl@sandia.gov RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.038 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200010 ER PT J AU McLean, AG Davis, JW Stangeby, PC Brooks, NH Whyte, DG Allen, SL Bray, BD Brezinsek, S Elder, JD Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Haasz, AA Hollmann, EM Isler, RC Lasnier, CJ Rudakov, DL Watkins, JG West, WP Wong, CPC AF McLean, A. G. Davis, J. W. Stangeby, P. C. Brooks, N. H. Whyte, D. G. Allen, S. L. Bray, B. D. Brezinsek, S. Elder, J. D. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groth, M. Haasz, A. A. Hollmann, E. M. Isler, R. C. Lasnier, C. J. Rudakov, D. L. Watkins, J. G. West, W. P. Wong, C. P. C. TI Spectroscopic characterization and simulation of chemical sputtering using the DiMES porous plug injector in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE carbon impurities; DIII-D; hydrocarbons ID BEHAVIOR; FLUXES AB A self-contained gas injection system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D has been employed for in situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment. The porous plug injector (PPl) releases methane into the plasma at a controlled rate through a porous graphite surface flush to a tile. In this way, the perturbation to the local plasma can be minimized, while also simulating the immediate environment of methane molecules released from a solid graphite surface. Photon efficiencies of CH4 for measured local plasma conditions are reported. The contribution of chemical vs physical sputtering to the source of C+ at the target can, in principle, be assessed through measurement of CII and CD/CH band emissions during release of CH4 from the PPI, and due to intrinsic emission. These first results from this new experimental tool demonstrate the potential for the PPI to provide definitive results in future applications in DIII-D and indicate the improvements required to obtain firm quantitative conclusions. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MIT, MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Juelich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys Forschungszentrum, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McLean, AG (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM adam.mclean@utoronto.ca RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/B-2796-2017; OI Brezinsek, Sebastijan/0000-0002-7213-3326; Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.062 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200012 ER PT J AU Brooks, NH Isler, RC McLean, AG AF Brooks, N. H. Isler, R. C. McLean, A. G. TI Measurement of CI kinetic temperature in methane puffing experiments on DIII-D and implications for spectroscopically distinguishing carbon sputtering mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE chemical sputtering; carbon erosion; carbon line profiles; a-C : D; dissociation AB Methane puffing experiments in DIII-D [A.G. McLean et al., J. Nucl. Mater., these Proceedings, doi:10.1016/j.jnuc-mat.2006.12.062] provide strong corroborating evidence for the assertion that plasma breakup of chemically sputtered, hydrocarbon molecules is responsible for the cold, near-symmetric C I line profiles observed in DIII-D's graphite-tiled divertor under low power, L-mode confinement conditions. This conclusion had been suggested by previous studies of divertor carbon sources in DIII-D based on atomic and molecular flux analysis, and on decomposition of the often asymmetric C I line shapes into thermal (Gaussian) and Thompson velocity distributions [R.C. Isler et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 (2003) 873; N.H. Brooks et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 (2005) 227]. As divertor temperatures are raised by greater amounts of beam and RF heating, the increasingly asymmetric, shifted profiles of the C I line reveal the growing influence of physical sputtering. In low density, high-power H-mode discharges, the high energy, deuteron flux incident on divertor targets causes a dominance of physical sputtering over chemical. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. RP Brooks, NH (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM brooks@fusion.gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.051 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200021 ER PT J AU Elder, JD McLean, AG Stangeby, PC Allen, SL Boedo, JA Bray, BD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Leonard, AW Reiter, D Rudakov, DL Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG AF Elder, J. D. McLean, A. G. Stangeby, P. C. Allen, S. L. Boedo, J. A. Bray, B. D. Brooks, N. H. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groth, M. Leonard, A. W. Reiter, D. Rudakov, D. L. Wampler, W. R. Watkins, J. G. West, W. P. Whyte, D. G. TI OEDGE modeling of the DIII-D H-mode (CH4)-C-13 puffing experiment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE carbon impurities; DIII-D; edge modeling; impurity transport; OEDGE ID DIVERTOR; JET; SOL; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; CARBON; CODE AB Use of carbon in tokamaks leads to a serious tritium retention issue due to co-deposition. To further investigate the processes involved, a detached ELMy H-mode (6.5 MW NBI) experiment was performed on DIII-D in which (CH4)-C-13 was puffed into the main vessel through the toroidaly symmetric pumping plenum at the top of lower single-null discharges. Subsequently, the C-13 content of tiles taken from the vessel wall was measured. The interpretive OEDGE code was used to model the results. The C-13 deposition pattern could be reproduced, in general shape and magnitude, by assuming in the code the existence of a parallel flow and a radial pinch in the scrape-off layer. Parallel flows of Mach similar to 0.3 toward the inner divertor and a radial pinch similar to 10-20 m/s (+R-direction) were found to yield C-13 deposition comparable to the experiment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Elder, JD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM david@starfire.utias.utoronto.ca RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200023 ER PT J AU Groth, M Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Lasnier, CJ McLean, AG Watkins, JG AF Groth, M. Brooks, N. H. Fenstermacher, M. E. Lasnier, C. J. McLean, A. G. Watkins, J. G. TI Toroidally asymmetric distributions of hydrocarbon (CD) emission and chemical sputtering sources in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE carbon chemical sputtering; CD imaging; CD spectroscopy; DIII-d ID FIELD REVERSAL; DIVERTOR AB Measurements in DIII-D show that the carbon chemical sputtering sources along the inner divertor and center post are toroidally periodic and highest at the upstream tile edge. Imaging with a tangentially viewing camera and visible spectroscopy were used to monitor the emission from molecular hydrocarbons (CH/CD) at 430.8 nm and deuterium neutrals in attached and partially detached divertors of low-confinement mode plasmas. In contrast to the toroidally periodic CD distribution, emission from deuterium neutrals was observed to be toroidally symmetric along the inner strike zone. The toroidal distribution of the measured tile surface temperature in the inner divertor correlates with that of the CD emission, suggesting larger parallel particle and heat fluxes to the upstream tile edge, either due to toroidal tile gaps or height steps between adjacent tiles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Groth, M (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM groth@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.073 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200026 ER PT J AU Hogan, J Dufour, E Lowry, C Gunn, J Corre, Y Monier-Garbet, P Mitteau, R Tsitrone, E AF Hogan, J. Dufour, E. Lowry, C. Gunn, J. Corre, Y. Monier-Garbet, P. Mitteau, R. Tsitrone, E. TI Model for impurity generation, transport and deposition in the complex CIEL environment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB We have re-examined the basic dependences of carbon generation due to physical (D+ and Cn+) sputtering and from thermally dependent sources (chemical erosion) by comparison with a spectroscopic database for carbon emission from localized regions of CIEL. To be able to compare with observations in this complex environment, a model for carbon generation and transport has been created to include contributions from the important, but non-ideal, processes of carbon generation from material in intra-tile gaps and from poorly adherent re-deposited layers. Consistency simulations have been carried out to assess the degree to which the spot observations represent local emission, due to possibly long mean free paths of high-energy emitted particles, or from impurities transported into the spectroscopic field of view from other areas. Model results are compared with the experimental trends in the ratio of CII and D-alpha emission with power and edge parameters. In the course of the analysis a potentially important vector has been found for transport of re-deposited material to more remote locations and its significance discussed. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Cadarache, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Hogan, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hoganjt@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.198 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200028 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Bush, CE Kaita, R Kugel, HW Roquemore, AL Paul, SF Soukhanovskii, VA AF Maingi, R. Bush, C. E. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. Roquemore, A. L. Paul, S. F. Soukhanovskii, V. A. CA NSTX Team TI Divertor heat flux scaling with heating power and plasma current in H-mode discharges in the national spherical torus experiment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE NSTX; divertor plasma; detachment; target profiles; sol plasma ID GAS FUELING LOCATION; DIII-D; NSTX; TOKAMAK; MAST; PEDESTAL; EXHAUST; ACCESS; ELMS AB We present the first results of lower divertor heat flux scaling with input power (P-NBI) and plasma current (I-p) in H-mode discharges in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. These experiments were conducted with 0.6 <= I-p <= 0.9 MA, 1 < P-NBI < 6 MW, on-axis toroidal field B-t = 0.45 T, in a lower-single null discharge shape with elongation K similar to 2.0, triangularity delta similar to 0.45, and the ion grad-B drift toward the X-point. As P-NBI was raised from 1 MW to 6 MW, the outer divertor peak heat flux was observed to increase up to 6 MW/m(2). A break in the slope of peak heat flux vs. power was observed at heating power similar to 3 MW, which we interpret as the transition of the divertor toward the high recycling regime and well away from the detachment threshold. The peak heat flux was also observed to increase strongly with Ip. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rmaingi@pppl.gov; vlad@ppp.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.063 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200033 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Smirnov, RD Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD Rosenberg, M Soboleva, TK AF Pigarov, A. Yu. Smirnov, R. D. Krasheninnikov, S. I. Rognlien, T. D. Rosenberg, M. Soboleva, T. K. TI Transport of dust particles in tokamak devices SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE dust; edge plasma; impurity transport; UEDGE; DUSTT AB Recent advances in the dust transport modeling in tokamak devices are discussed. Topics include: (1) physical model for dust transport; (2) modeling results on dynamics of dust particles in plasma; (3) conditions necessary for particle growth in plasma; (4) dust spreading over the tokamak; (5) density profiles for dust particles and impurity atoms associated with dust ablation in tokamak plasma; and (6) roles of dust in material/tritium migration. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@uscd.edu RI Smirnov, Roman/B-9916-2011 OI Smirnov, Roman/0000-0002-9114-5330 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.053 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200037 ER PT J AU Roquemore, AL Nishino, N Skinner, CH Bush, C Kaita, R Maqueda, R Davis, W Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI AF Roquemore, A. L. Nishino, N. Skinner, C. H. Bush, C. Kaita, R. Maqueda, R. Davis, W. Pigarov, A. Yu Krasheninnikov, S. I. TI 3D measurements of mobile dust particle trajectories in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE dust; tracking and imaging; ITER; NSTX ID PLASMAS AB The transport of dust particles in plasmas may play a significant role in the performance of next step fusion devices. Highly mobile incandescent dust particles are observed on NSTX for the majority of the discharges using fast visible cameras. Particles are most often born in the divertor region during events such as ELMs or disruptions. Particles born on the midplane are most often deflected by the plasma boundary and remain outside the scrape off layer. The dynamics of the dust trajectories can be quite complex exhibiting a large variation in both speed (10-200 m/s) and direction. Particles may have constant velocities or exhibit various degrees of acceleration or deceleration. Abrupt reversals in direction are sometimes observed while some of the larger particles are seen to break apart during mid-flight. 3D trajectories of the dust particles have been derived from measurements of dust trajectories taken simultaneously from two observations points with two fast cameras. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Roquemore, AL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM lroquemore@pppl.gov; cskinner@pppl.gov RI Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 12 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.065 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200038 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL West, WP Wong, CPC Brooks, NH Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Krasheninnikov, SI Lasnier, CJ McLean, AG Pigarov, AY Solomon, WM Antar, GY Boedo, JA Doerner, RP Hollmann, EM Hyatt, AW Moyer, RA Watkins, JG AF Rudakov, D. L. West, W. P. Wong, C. P. C. Brooks, N. H. Evans, T. E. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groth, M. Krasheninnikov, S. I. Lasnier, C. J. McLean, A. G. Pigarov, A. Yu. Solomon, W. M. Antar, G. Y. Boedo, J. A. Doerner, R. P. Hollmann, E. M. Hyatt, A. W. Moyer, R. A. Watkins, J. G. TI Migration of artificially introduced micron-size carbon dust in the DIII-D divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE dust; DIII-D; DiMES; carbon impurities; visible imaging ID TOKAMAK EDGE PLASMAS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS AB Migration of pre-characterized carbon dust in a tokamak environment was studied by introduction of similar to 30 mg of micron-size (similar to 6 mu m median diameter) dust in the lower divertor of DIII-D using a DiMES sample holder. Direct exposure of the dust to high particle and heat fluxes in ELMing H-mode lower single-null discharges resulted in part of the dust being injected into the plasma. Following a brief exposure (similar to 0.1 s) at the outer strike point, 1.5-2% of the total dust carbon content (2-3 x 10(19) carbon atoms, equivalent to a few million dust particles) penetrated the core plasma, raising the core carbon density by a factor of 2-3. Individual dust particles were observed moving at velocities of 10-100 m/s, predominantly in the toroidal direction for deuteron flow to the outer divertor target, consistent with the ion drag force. The observed behavior of the dust is in qualitative agreement with modeling by the 3D DustT code. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rudakov@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.013 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200039 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Kugel, HW Roquemore, AL Maingi, R Wampler, WR AF Skinner, C. H. Kugel, H. W. Roquemore, A. L. Maingi, R. Wampler, W. R. TI Pulse-by-pulse measurements of dynamic retention and deposition in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE amorphous films; desorption; erosion and deposition; NSTX; retention ID HYDROGEN RETENTION; FUSION DEVICES; CARBON; WALL; TOKAMAKS; DIVERTOR; LAYERS AB Three quartz crystal microbalances have been deployed in NSTX to measure deposition/erosion in plasma shadowed areas at the upper and lower divertor and outboard midplane. These show a complex pattern of material gain and loss. At the time of a plasma discharge a transient increase in mass of order similar to 0.1 mu g cm(-2) is observed that decays in the interpulse period to a level either higher, lower or similar to that prior to the discharge. The first discharge of the day always shows a long term step-up in mass. Some correlations of mass gain with plasma duration, stored energy, and change in the plasma shape are observed. Following a days plasma operations, a slow decay in mass is observed. The results are interpreted in terms of dynamic retention and erosion/deposition. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.076 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200043 ER PT J AU Wong, CPC Rudakov, DL Allain, JP Bastasz, RJ Brooks, NH Brooks, JN Doerner, RP Evans, TE Hassanein, A Jacob, W Krieger, K Litnovsky, A McLean, AG Philipps, V Pigarov, AY Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whaley, J Wienhold, P AF Wong, C. P. C. Rudakov, D. L. Allain, J. P. Bastasz, R. J. Brooks, N. H. Brooks, J. N. Doerner, R. P. Evans, T. E. Hassanein, A. Jacob, W. Krieger, K. Litnovsky, A. McLean, A. G. Philipps, V. Pigarov, A. Yu. Wampler, W. R. Watkins, J. G. West, W. P. Whaley, J. Wienhold, P. TI Divertor and midplane materials evaluation system in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE carbon; erosion; redeposition; divertor materials; surface effects ID CARBON; DEPOSITION; EROSION; PLASMA AB The Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DiMES) at General Atomics has successfully advanced the understanding of plasma surface interaction phenomena involving ITER-relevant materials and has been utilized for advanced diagnostic designs in the lower divertor of DIII-D, This paper describes a series of recent successful experiments. These include the study of carbon deposition in gaps and metallic mirrors as a function of temperature, study of dust migration from the divertor, study of methane injection in order to benchmark chemical sputtering diagnostics, and the measurement of charge exchange neutrals with a hydrogen sensor. In concert with the modification of the lower divertor of DIII-D, the DiMES sample vertical location was modified to match the raised divertor floor. The new Mid-plane Material Exposure Sample (MiMES) design will also be presented. MiMES will allow the study and measurement of erosion and redeposition of material at the outboard mid-plane of DIII-D, including effects from convective transport. We will continue to expose relevant materials and advanced diagnostics to different plasma configurations under various operational regimes, including material erosion and redeposition experiments, and gaps and mirror exposures at elevated temperature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. EURATOM, TEC, FZ, Inst Plasmaphys, Julich, Germany. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wong, CPC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, MS 13-254,PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wongc@fusion.gat.com RI Krieger, Karl/F-9762-2014; OI Krieger, Karl/0000-0003-0427-8184; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X; Jacob, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3504-142X NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.121 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200048 ER PT J AU Coad, JP Andrew, P Erents, SK Hole, DE Likonen, J Mayer, M Pitts, R Rubel, M Strachan, JD Vainonen-Ahlgren, E Widdowson, A AF Coad, J. P. Andrew, P. Erents, S. K. Hole, D. E. Likonen, J. Mayer, M. Pitts, R. Rubel, M. Strachan, J. D. Vainonen-Ahlgren, E. Widdowson, A. CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Erosion and deposition in the JET MkII-SRP divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE erosion and deposition; divertor; surface analysis; impurities; deuterium inventory ID INNER DIVERTOR; EROSION/DEPOSITION; TILES; CONFIGURATION; MIGRATION; LAYERS AB Carbon-13 labelled methane was injected into the outer divertor during a series of H-mode discharges on the last day of operations with the JET MkII-SRP divertor. Tiles from around the vessel were removed during the subsequent shutdown and surface deposits were analysed by IBA techniques and SIMS. First attempts to model the pattern of 13 C deposition using EDGE2D are reported. Erosion of W markers at the outer divertor was observed, with implications for the ITER-like wall experiment planned for JET, whilst thin film growth in the same region has been followed by the effect on infrared measurements. The composition of thick films deposited at the inner divertor during the MkII-SRP campaign, and the migration to the inner corner of the divertor observed by a quartz micro-balance, provide further information on divertor transport. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Sussex, Dept Engn & Design, Brighton, E Sussex, England. VTT Proc, EURATOM Assoc, Espoo 02044, Finland. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, TEKES, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Royal Inst Technol, EURATOM Assoc, VR, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Coad, JP (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM Paul.Coad@jet.uk OI Mayer, Matej/0000-0002-5337-6963 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.074 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200050 ER PT J AU Petrie, TW Wade, MR Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Hyatt, AW Isler, RC Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Porter, GD Schaffer, MJ Watkins, JG West, WP Team, DD AF Petrie, T. W. Wade, M. R. Brooks, N. H. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groth, M. Hyatt, A. W. Isler, R. C. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Mahdavi, M. A. Porter, G. D. Schaffer, M. J. Watkins, J. G. West, W. P. Team, DIII-D TI Compatibility of the radiating divertor with high performance plasmas in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE argon; divertor; divertor plasma; impurity screening; DIII-D ID CONFINEMENT; ENRICHMENT; NEON AB A radiating divertor approach was successfully applied to high performance 'hybrid' plasmas [M.R. Wade et al., in: Proceedings of the 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal, 2004]. Our techniques included: (1) injecting argon near the outer divertor target, (2) enhancing the plasma flow into the inner and outer divertors by a combination of particle pumping and deuterium gas puffing upstream of the divertor targets, and (3) isolating the inner divertor from the outer by a structure in the private flux region. Good hybrid conditions were maintained, as the peak heat flux at the outer divertor target was reduced by a factor of 2.5; the peak heat flux at the inner target decreased by 20%. This difference was caused by a higher concentration of argon at the outer target than at the inner target. Argon accumulation in the main plasma was modest (n(Ar)/n(e) <= 0.004 on axis), although the argon profile was more peaked than the electron profile. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petrie@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.131 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200072 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Maingi, R Bush, CE Raman, R Bell, RE Kaita, R Kugel, HW Lasnier, CJ LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Paul, SF Roquemore, AL AF Soukhanovskii, V. A. Maingi, R. Bush, C. E. Raman, R. Bell, R. E. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. Lasnier, C. J. LeBlanc, B. P. Menard, J. E. Paul, S. F. Roquemore, A. L. CA NSTX Res Team TI Divertor heat flux reduction and detachment experiments in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE divertor detachment; target profiles; recombination; NSTX ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; IMPURITY RADIATION; DIII-D; POWER; OPERATION; PLASMAS AB We report the first successful experiments at achieving significant outer divertor peak heat flux reduction, from 47 MW/m(2) to 1-2 MW/m(2), in 4 MW NBI-heated H-mode plasmas in NSTX. Steady-state divertor deuterium puffing at Gamma <= 1.1 x 10(22) s(-1) resulted in a high-recycling radiative divertor regime with a 50-80% reduction of the outer strike point (OSP) peak heat flux, without a loss of H-mode confinement or degradation of core plasma parameters. At higher D-2 injection rate, F = 1.12-2.80 x 10(22) s(-1) up to 80% reduction in the peak heat flux and spectroscopic signatures of volume recombination have been observed, suggesting the OSP partial detachment. Radiative mantle plasmas were obtained by neon injection. The OSP peak heat flux decreased by 50-75% as the scrape-off layer power was reduced through the main plasma radiation which was about 30% of the input power. The results suggest that while an H-mode compatible radiative divertor can be obtained in NSTX, the realization of a partially detached divertor regime may be hindered by divertor properties specific to a spherical torus and NSTX. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vlad@llnl.gov OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.075 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200075 ER PT J AU Zakharov, LE Blanchard, W Kaita, R Kugel, H Majeski, R Timberlake, J AF Zakharov, L. E. Blanchard, W. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. Majeski, R. Timberlake, J. TI Low recycling regime in ITER and the LiWall concept for its divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE recycling; lithium; divertor material; wall pumping AB The low recycling regime, although never considered as an option for ITER, may suggest a solution to its important issues, such as edge localized modes, plasma and particle control, tritium inventory, damage of plasma facing components and dust accumulation, in a way consistent with both the ITER mission (including the ignition) and its baseline design and safety. Such a regime can be approached using liquid lithium surfaces efficiently pumping hydrogen isotopes. An active area of about 40 m(2), covered by similar or equal to 0.1 mm thick lithium, which is replenished with the rate of 10 kg/h would be capable of absorption of plasma D and T particles and at the same time consistent with the ITER limitations regarding lithium. For low recycling conditions, a new consideration is outlined for the helium ash pumping problem. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Zakharov, LE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS-27,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM zakharov@pppl.gov NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.230 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200079 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Evans, TE Moyer, RA Porter, GD Boedo, JA Burrell, KH Groth, M Joseph, I Osborne, TH Watkins, JG AF Fenstermacher, M. E. Evans, T. E. Moyer, R. A. Porter, G. D. Boedo, J. A. Burrell, K. H. Groth, M. Joseph, I. Osborne, T. H. Watkins, J. G. TI Pedestal, SOL and divertor plasma properties in DIII-D RMP ELM-suppressed discharges at ITER relevant edge collisionality SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; ELM; stochastic boundary; carbon impurities; edge plasma ID DYNAMIC ERGODIC DIVERTOR; H-MODE PEDESTAL; LOCALIZED MODES; ASDEX UPGRADE; MAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS; BALLOONING STABILITY; TEXTOR TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; REGIME AB Large Type-l edge localized modes (ELMs) were completely suppressed by applying edge resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with the same low pedestal collisionality (v(e)* similar to 0.1) as in ITER. The RMP suppressed ELMs by reducing the edge pressure gradient through a reduction in the pedestal density gradient. Divertor emission profiles showed increases in toroidally localized D. and carbon ion emission and carbon emission throughout both divertor legs. The lowest density ELM-suppressed discharges showed elevated levels of carbon in the core plasma. The data and boundary simulations indicate that the divertor strikepoints make a transition from a high recycling regime during the ELMing phase to a sheath-limited regime during ELM suppression in the lowest density plasmas. ELM suppression during scans of RMP amplitude, injected power and density suggests a possible optimum combination of these actuators for ELM control, without elevated impurity levels, that is extrapolatable to ITER. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fenstermacher, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Fenstermacher@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 476 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.270 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200083 ER PT J AU Hillis, DL Hogan, J Zastrow, KD Parail, V Coster, D Reiter, D Brezinsek, S Pospieszczyk, A Stamp, M Fundamenski, W McDonald, DC AF Hillis, D. L. Hogan, J. Zastrow, K.-D. Parail, V. Coster, D. Reiter, D. Brezinsek, S. Pospieszczyk, A. Stamp, M. Fundamenski, W. McDonald, D. C. CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Role of recycling in JET trace tritium transport experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID TOKAMAK AB JET experiments with transient puffed injection of low tritium levels were carried out with the goal of using measured time- and space-dependent neutron emission to determine the scaling of particle transport in the core for ITB, ELMy H-mode and hybrid scenarios. Several attempts to find core TP scaling based on the same dataset have reached contradictory conclusions: core particle diffusivity inversely proportional to density, scaling proportional to density, and scaling independent of collisionality (density independence). The analyses have also varied the assumed boundary conditions. In all three cases, ELM-averaged transport was analyzed. To see what can be learned about resolution of such differences through possible systematic SOL effects on particle transport scaling, using the available edge/SOL data for these core particle transport experiments, we analyze representative cases from the JET trace T experimental database. The pulses considered cover a range in average core electron density, with approximately constant tritium puffing rates. The study is motivated by the realization that, although these experiments were not designed for such a purpose, similar future 'trace T' experiments could better characterize the SOL, and thus its influence of on particle transport in the edge/pedestal region (0.8 < p < 1) since important elements of the tritium pathway are measured: the external T-2 gas puff rate (Gamma(max)(puff)), and, from the neutron analysis, the influx to the plasma core region at rho = 0.8 (Gamma(in,max)(T+)) and the efflux from the core (Gamma T-+out,T-max). Systematic effects on edge/pedestal particle transport scaling in puffing experiments are found to depend on the status of saturation in the nearinlet region, on the details of ELM-induced particle expulsion from both core and SOL, and on the degree of near-wall T enrichment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Max Planck Inst, EURATOM IPP Garching Fus Assoc, Garching, Germany. EURATOM FZ Julich, Julich, Germany. RP Hillis, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hillisdl@ornl.gov RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/B-2796-2017 OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/0000-0002-7213-3326 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.069 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200086 ER PT J AU Wang, G Peebles, WA Doyle, EJ Rhodes, TL Zeng, L Nguyen, X Osborne, TH Snyder, PB Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Groebner, RJ Burrell, KH Leonard, AW Fenstermacher, ME Strait, E AF Wang, G. Peebles, W. A. Doyle, E. J. Rhodes, T. L. Zeng, L. Nguyen, X. Osborne, T. H. Snyder, P. B. Kramer, G. J. Nazikian, R. Groebner, R. J. Burrell, K. H. Leonard, A. W. Fenstermacher, M. E. Strait, Et TI Initial results of H-mode edge pedestal turbulence evolution with quadrature reflectometer measurements on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE fluctuations and turbulence; edge pedestal; ELM; edge plasma; DIII-D ID LOCALIZED MODES; FUSION PLASMAS; ELMS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB High-resolution quadrature reflectometer measurements of density fluctuation levels have been obtained on DIII-D for H-mode edge pedestal studies. Initial results are presented from the L-H transition to the first ELM for two cases: (i) a low pedestal beta discharge, in which density turbulence in the pedestal has little change during the ELM-free phase, and (ii) a high pedestal beta discharge in which both density and magnetic turbulence are observed to increase before the first ELM. These high beta data are consistent with the existence of electromagnetic turbulence suggested by some transport models. During Type-I ELM cycles, when little magnetic turbulence can be observed, pedestal turbulence increases just after an ELM crash and then decreases before next ELM strikes, in contrast to a drop after ELM crash and then it re-grows when strong magnetic turbulence shows similar behavior. Clear ELM precursors are observed on <= 20% of Type-I ELMs observed to date. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608,MS 13-353, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wangg@fusion.gat.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.046 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200092 ER PT J AU Evans, TE Joseph, I Moyer, RA Fenstermacher, ME Lasnier, CJ Yan, LW AF Evans, T. E. Joseph, I. Moyer, R. A. Fenstermacher, M. E. Lasnier, C. J. Yan, L. W. TI Experimental and numerical studies of separatrix splitting and magnetic footprints in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; edge modeling; ELM; magnetic topology; stochastic boundary ID D DIVERTOR; TOKAMAKS; EDGE; FLUX AB A numerical field line integration code is used to study the structure of divertor footprints produced by small non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations in the DIII-D tokamak. The modeling results are compared to experimental data which show a splitting of the divertor target plate heat flux into several distinct peaks when an n = 3 magnetic perturbation from the DIII-D I-coil is applied. The splitting consistently appears when the n = 3 perturbation is applied and disappears when the perturbation is removed. The magnitude of the splitting implied by the modeling is a factor of 2-3 smaller than the splitting seen in the experimental data. These results suggest that the plasma response to the applied n = 3 edge resonant magnetic perturbation amplifies the vacuum magnetic footprint structure on the divertor target plates. These results may have significant implications for the ITER divertor design. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Evans, TE (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM evans@fusion.gat.com; ph@ucsd.edu NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.03910.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.064 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200099 ER PT J AU Joseph, I Moyer, RA Evans, TE Schaffer, MJ Runov, AM Schneider, R Kasilov, SV Groth, M Fenstermacher, ME AF Joseph, I. Moyer, R. A. Evans, T. E. Schaffer, M. J. Runov, A. M. Schneider, R. Kasilov, S. V. Groth, M. Fenstermacher, M. E. TI Stochastic transport modeling of resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; 3D fluid code; edge modeling; stochastic boundary; ELM control ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; ERROR-FIELD; EDGE; SUPPRESSION; DIVERTOR AB Three-dimensional two-fluid simulations of heat transport due to resonant magnetic perturbations of tokamaks have been computed by coupling the TRIP3D field line tracing code to the E3D edge transport code. The predicted electron temperature contours follow the new separatrix represented by the perturbed invariant manifold structure of the X-point in qualitative agreement with X-point TV observations. However, preliminary modeling predicts that the resulting stochastic heat transport is greater than that measured in low-collisionality ELM suppression experiments in DIII-D H-mode plasmas. While improved determination of transport coefficients is needed, possible explanations include plasma screening of resonant perturbations, limitations of the treatment of the edge as a fluid, or insufficient understanding of stochastic heat transport. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Greifswald, Germany. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Inst Plasma Res, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Joseph, I (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ijoseph@ucsd.edu RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 591 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.067 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200103 ER PT J AU Lasnier, CJ Burrell, KH deGrassie, JS Rhodes, TL VanZeeland, MA Watkins, JG AF Lasnier, C. J. Burrell, K. H. deGrassie, J. S. Rhodes, T. L. VanZeeland, M. A. Watkins, J. G. TI Correlation of neutral beam injection parameters and core beta with anomalous first-wall heating during QH-mode SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; divertor; edge pedestal; SOL plasma boundary ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Anomalous first-wall heating has been observed far from the divertor strike point during QH-mode in DIII-D, with measured heat flux comparable to that at the outer strike point. The data are consistent with deuterium ions of approximately the pedestal energy carrying the anomalous heat flux. Although an instability has not been identified that is correlated with the anomalous heat flux, two classes of behavior have been observed: one in which the anomalous heat flux depends linearly on core beta, and another class with no beta-dependence. The anomalous heat flux depends strongly on the injected beam energy of the non-tangentially-injected neutral beams but not that of the tangential beams. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lasnier, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-637,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Lasnier@LLNL.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 596 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.049 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200104 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI LaBombard, B Rognlien, TD AF Pigarov, A. Yu. Krasheninnikov, S. I. LaBombard, B. Rognlien, T. D. TI Simulation of large parallel plasma flows in the tokamak SOL driven by cross-field transport asymmetries SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE cross-field transport; plasma flow; edge plasma; impurity transport; UEDGE AB Large-Mach-number parallel plasma flows in the single-null SOL of different tokamaks are simulated with multifluid transport code UEDGE. The key role of poloidal asymmetry of cross-field plasma transport as the driving mechanism for such flows is discussed. The impact of ballooning-like diffusive and convective transport and plasma flows on divertor detachment, material migration, impurity flows, and erosion/deposition profiles is studied. The results on well-balanced double null plasma modeling that are indicative of strong asymmetry of cross-field transport are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, EBU-2,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@ucsd.edu NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200113 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Bulmer, RH Rensink, ME Brooks, JN AF Rognlien, T. D. Bulmer, R. H. Rensink, M. E. Brooks, J. N. TI Scrape-off layer plasmas for ITER with 2nd X-point and convective transport effects SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE edge transport; divertor modelling; impurity transport; non-diffusive transport, UEDGE ID ALCATOR C-MOD; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; FIELD PLASMA; DIII-D; TOKAMAKS AB Plasma fluxes to the divertor region in ITER near the magnetic separatrix have been modeled extensively in the past. The smaller, but potentially very important fluxes to the main chamber and outer divertor regions are the focus of the present paper. Two main additions to the usual transport modeling are investigated: namely, convective radial transport from intermittent, rapidly propagating 'blob' events, and inclusion of the magnetic flux-surface region beyond the second X-point that actually contacts the main-chamber wall. The two-dimensional fluid transport code UEDGE is use to model the plasma, while the energy spectrum of charge-exchange neutrals to the main chamber wall is calculated by the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo code. Additionally, the spatial distribution of beryllium sputtered from the main chamber wall is determined in the fluid limit. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rognlien, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM trognlien@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 658 EP 663 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200115 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP Boedo, J LeBlanc, B Maqueda, RJ Zweben, SJ AF Stotler, D. P. Boedo, J. LeBlanc, B. Maqueda, R. J. Zweben, S. J. TI Progress towards the validation of models of the behavior of neutral helium in gas puff imaging experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE neutral modeling; DEGAS; NSTX; edge plasma; collisional-radiative model ID COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODELS; TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS; EDGE TURBULENCE; PLASMA AB Gas puff imaging (GPI) experiments are designed to provide high time and space resolution data on the structure of plasma turbulence in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We first examine the temporal behavior of the helium atoms used as the emitting species for GPI and show that for the time scales of interest (>= 1 mu s), the atomic physics model underlying the conventional interpretation of GPI is valid. Second, we continue the Monte Carlo neutral transport simulations of the GPI diagnostic begun in [D.P. Stotler et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 44 (2004) 294]. The radial characteristics of the simulated emission clouds match observations to within the estimated errors. The upshot of these two results is that the technique for unfolding the 2-D, time-dependent plasma density and temperature data from helium GPI emission, relying on this atomic physics model and utilizing the simulated neutral density data from DEGAS 2, is valid. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Nova Photon, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 686 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.276 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200120 ER PT J AU Watkins, JG Evans, TE Lasnier, CJ Moyer, RA Rudakov, DL AF Watkins, J. G. Evans, T. E. Lasnier, C. J. Moyer, R. A. Rudakov, D. L. TI Target plate conditions during stochastic boundary operation on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE DIII-D; divertor plasma; ELM control; particle flux; heat flux ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; D DIVERTOR; SUPPRESSION AB A major concern for large tokamaks like ITER is the presence of edge localized modes (ELMs) that repeatedly send large bursts of particles and heat into the divertor plates. Operation with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) at the boundary of DIII-D has suppressed ELMs for values of q(95) similar to 3.7. At the target plate, the conditions during ELM-suppressed operation for both high and low collisionality are observed by a set of radially distributed Langmuir probes. At high collisionality (nu(*)(e) similar to 1), the target plate particle flux and temperature drop by > 30% during ELM suppression. At low collisionality (nu(*)(e) similar to 0.1), the core density, target plate density, and target plate particle flux drop but the plate electron temperature increases after the ELMs are suppressed. The ELM-suppressed target plate heat flux is nearly the same as the heat flux between ELMs but the (5x higher) transient heat flux peaks due to ELMs are eliminated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Watkins, JG (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, MS 13-350,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM watkins@fusion.gat.com NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 708 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.064 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200124 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Bell, MG Bell, R Bush, C Gates, D Gray, T Kaita, R Leblanc, B Maingi, R Majeski, R Mansfield, D Mueller, D Paul, S Raman, R Roquemore, AL Sabbagh, S Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Stevenson, T Zakharov, L AF Kugel, H. W. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. Bush, C. Gates, D. Gray, T. Kaita, R. Leblanc, B. Maingi, R. Majeski, R. Mansfield, D. Mueller, D. Paul, S. Raman, R. Roquemore, A. L. Sabbagh, S. Skinner, C. H. Soukhanovskii, V. Stevenson, T. Zakharov, L. TI Effect of lithium PFC coatings on NSTX density control SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE lithium; particle control; wall conditioning; wall pumping; impurity control ID GRAPHITE AB Lithium coatings on the graphite plasma facing components (PFCs) in NSTX are being investigated as a tool for density profile control and reducing the recycling of hydrogen isotopes. Repeated lithium pellet injection into Center Stack Limited and Lower Single Null ohmic helium discharges were used to coat graphite surfaces that had been pre-conditioned with ohmic helium discharges of the same shape to reduce their contribution to hydrogen isotope recycling. The following deuterium NBI reference discharges exhibited a reduction in density by a factor of about 3 for limited and 2 for diverted plasmas, respectively, and peaked density profiles. Recently, a lithium evaporator has been used to apply thin coatings on conditioned and unconditioned PFCs. Effects on the plasma density and the impurities were obtained by pre-conditioning the PFCs with ohmic helium discharges, and performing the first deuterium NBI discharge as soon as possible after applying the lithium coating. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov; cskinner@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 7 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.220 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200139 ER PT J AU Rensink, ME Groth, M Porter, GD Rognlien, TD Rudakov, DL Watkins, JG AF Rensink, M. E. Groth, M. Porter, G. D. Rognlien, T. D. Rudakov, D. L. Watkins, J. G. TI Simulation of main-chamber recycling in DIII-D with the UEDGE code SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE edge modeling; limiter; particle control; DIII-D; edge plasma ID TOKAMAK AB This paper demonstrates a computer simulation model for single-Dull diverted plasma configurations that include simultaneous interaction of the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma with toroidally symmetric main-chamber limiter surfaces and divertor plate surfaces. The simulations use the UEDGE code which treats the SOL plasma and recycled neutrals as two-dimensional toroidally symmetric fluids. The spatial domain can include field lines that intersect main-chamber surfaces in the far scrape-off layer, which allows the model to include simultaneous plasma contact with both divertor and main-chamber targets. Steady-state simulation results for low density L-mode plasma discharges in DIII-D show that total core fueling increases by about 70% when the limiter gap is reduced from 6 cm to 3 cm mapped to the midplane. The additional core fueling is due to neutrals which originate from the ion particle flux incident on the upper outer divertor baffle. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rensink, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-637,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rensink1@llnl.gov RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 816 EP 821 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.252 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200144 ER PT J AU Krieger, K Jacob, W Rudakov, DL Bastasz, R Federici, G Litnovsky, A Maier, H Rohde, V Strohmayer, G West, WP Whaley, J Wong, CPC AF Krieger, K. Jacob, W. Rudakov, D. L. Bastasz, R. Federici, G. Litnovsky, A. Maier, H. Rohde, V. Strohmayer, G. West, W. P. Whaley, J. Wong, C. P. C. CA ASDEX Upgrade DIII D Teams TI Formation of deuterium-carbon inventories in gaps of plasma facing components SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE co-deposition; deuterium inventory; hydrocarbons; retention; tungsten brush ID HEAT-FLUX COMPONENTS; FUSION DEVICES; ITER-FEAT; DIVERTOR; EROSION; LAYERS AB Plasma facing components for ITER will be manufactured as macro brush structures or with castellated surfaces. Material samples with gaps of similar geometry as intended for ITER were exposed to different plasma conditions in TEXTOR, DIII-D and ASDEX Upgrade. In all devices a decrease of both carbon and deuterium inventories at the side faces from the gap entrance into the gap with scale-lengths in the mm range is found. The fraction of D retained at the gap surfaces is in the range of 0.4-4% of the incident flux. Main parameters determining the retained D-fraction are the temperature of the respective surfaces and the carbon fraction in the incident flux. Extrapolation of tritium inventory growth rates to ITER dimensions assuming the measured retention fractions at T > 200 degrees C and using a D/T-flux distribution with a carbon fraction of approximate to 1% from B2/EIRENE simulations of an ITER H-mode discharge yields a contribution to the increase of the total in-vessel tritium inventory in the range of 0.5-5 g T/discharge. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Assoc EURATOM, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. ITER Garching Joint Work Site, D-85748 Garching, Germany. FZ Julich, TEC, EURATOM, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52428 Julich, Germany. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Krieger, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Assoc EURATOM, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM krieger@ipp.mpg.de RI Krieger, Karl/F-9762-2014; OI Krieger, Karl/0000-0003-0427-8184; Jacob, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3504-142X NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 870 EP 876 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.155 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200153 ER PT J AU Maqueda, RJ Maingi, R Tritz, K Lee, KC Bush, CE Fredrickson, ED Menard, JE Roquernore, AL Sabbagh, SA Zweben, SJ AF Maqueda, R. J. Maingi, R. Tritz, K. Lee, K. C. Bush, C. E. Fredrickson, E. D. Menard, J. E. Roquernore, A. L. Sabbagh, S. A. Zweben, S. J. TI Structure of MARFEs and ELMs in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE ELM; MARFE; NSTX; visible imaging ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; PLASMAS; REGIME AB The fast-evolving structure of MARFEs and ELMs is observed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) using a fast-framing camera. It is shown that Type V ELMs, the small ELM regime in NSTX, is characterized by a poloidally propagating ionization front close to the separatrix position. The ELMs also interact with the main chamber MARFE observed in NSTX coupling its movement and partial burn-through with that of the ELM cycle. During this cycle a toroidally localized MARFE precursor is seen propagating upward along field lines at speed of the order of 15 km/s. This interaction between ELM activity and MARFEs may be responsible for slow heat pulse propagation speeds seen in the divertor region. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Maqueda, RJ (reprint author), Nova Photon Inc, 30 Timber Ridge, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rmaqueda@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1000 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.166 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200177 ER PT J AU Leonard, AW Boedo, JA Groth, M Lipschultz, BL Porter, GD Rudakov, DL Whyte, DG AF Leonard, A. W. Boedo, J. A. Groth, M. Lipschultz, B. L. Porter, G. D. Rudakov, D. L. Whyte, D. G. TI Particle flux and radial profiles of DIII-D during ELMing in the H-mode SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE particle flux; cross-field transport; recycling; DIII-D; ELMs ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; D TOKAMAK; MAIN-WALL; TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY; DIVERTOR AB The radial particle flux in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) during ELMing H-mode is examined in DIII-D as a function of density. The global radial particle flux in the outboard far SOL is determined by a window frame technique. Between ELMs, the outboard far SOL particle flux increases strongly with density and remains similar to the particle flux across the separatrix as estimated by the pedestal density and temperature gradients. At low density the steep density gradient of the pedestal extends up to 2 cm outside the separatrix, while at high density the density gradient flattens just outside the separatrix. During ELMs the far SOL particle flux becomes localized to the outboard midplane and the assumptions for the window frame analysis break down. Implications for scaling of outboard main chamber wall particle flux and pedestal fueling are explored. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Leonard, AW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leonard@fusion.gat.com RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1066 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.248 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200189 ER PT J AU Brezinsek, S Pospieszczyk, A Borodin, D Stamp, MF Pugno, R McLean, AG Fantz, U Manhard, A Kallenbach, A Brooks, NH Groth, M Mertens, P Philipps, V Samm, U AF Brezinsek, S. Pospieszczyk, A. Borodin, D. Stamp, M. F. Pugno, R. McLean, A. G. Fantz, U. Manhard, A. Kallenbach, A. Brooks, N. H. Groth, M. Mertens, Ph. Philipps, V. Samm, U. CA TEXTOR ASDEX Upgrade DIII-D Teams JET-EFDA Contributors TI Hydrocarbon injection for quantification of chemical erosion yields in tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE spectroscopy; ITER; carbon impurities; erosion and deposition; divertor ID FLUX DEPENDENCE; DIVERTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; TEXTOR AB Chemical erosion of carbon can be described as function of the incident ion flux, the ion energy and the surface temperature. Spectroscopy on the hydrocarbon break-up products CH and C(2) is applied to determine in-situ hydrocarbon fluxes and quantify the chemical erosion by means of hydrocarbon injection. Present-day knowledge on critical issues concerning the erosion yield and its determination is presented: Effective inverse photon efficiencies are measured in TEXTOR for different hydrocarbon species and compared with calculations from HYDKIN. The underlying database for the methane break-up, used in different erosion/deposition models, has been put to test. The chemical erosion yield related to higher hydrocarbons is determined to be lower in the JET outer divertor than measured in previous experiments. In ASDEX Upgrade and DIII-D first in-situ calibrations of hydrocarbon fluxes in the detached outer divertor are performed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, Assoc EURATOM FZJ,Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, IPP, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brezinsek, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, Assoc EURATOM FZJ,Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM s.brezinsek@fz-juelich.de RI Borodin, Dmitriy/B-4339-2010; Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/B-2796-2017 OI Brezinsek, Sebastijan/0000-0002-7213-3326 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1119 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.190 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200198 ER PT J AU Whyte, DG Granetz, R Bakhtiari, M Izzo, V Jernigan, T Terry, J Reinke, M Lipschultz, B AF Whyte, D. G. Granetz, R. Bakhtiari, M. Izzo, V. Jernigan, T. Terry, J. Reinke, M. Lipschultz, B. TI Disruption mitigation on Alcator C-Mod using high-pressure gas injection: Experiments and modeling toward ITER SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID DIII-D; HALO CURRENTS; JET; IMPURITY; PHYSICS AB High-pressure gas-jet injection disruption mitigation is investigated on Alcator C-Mod. The experimental results are encouraging for ITER. Gas-jets delivers reliable and substantial disruption mitigation of thermal loads and halo currents at the ITER field and pressure. The gas injection is compatible with a metallic wall. The gas-jets provide sufficient radiative energy dissipation on a timescale even faster than required for ITER. Runaway electrons are suppressed, however a better understanding of this suppression is still required for ITER. Present 0-D calculations of the gas delivery and global plasma response match important experimental data such as overall quench time and the current quench L/R time. Frictional dissipation may be important for gas delivery down the long tubes that will probably be required for ITER. However deep gas and/or impurity penetration is not required for mitigation, relieving technical requirements for the gas pressure in ITER. Initial studies with the non-ideal MHD simulation NIMROD show that radiation-induced MHD plays a critical role in thermal quench particle and energy dynamics. The application of a newly available version of NIMROD, with more complete atomic physics, shows promise in matching the experimental trends and could be an invaluable tool for increasing our confidence in designing efficient disruption mitigation for ITER. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Whyte, DG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM whyte@psfc.mit.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1160 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.149 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200203 ER PT J AU Baldwin, MJ Doerner, RP Nishijima, D Buchenauer, D Clift, WM Causey, RA Schmid, K AF Baldwin, M. J. Doerner, R. P. Nishijima, D. Buchenauer, D. Clift, W. M. Causey, R. A. Schmid, K. TI Be-W alloy formation in static and divertor-plasma simulator experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE beryllium; ITER; mixed materials; PISCES-B; tungsten ID BERYLLIUM; ITER; TUNGSTEN; ISSUES AB Collaborative Be-W interaction experiments conducted at UC-San Diego PISCES Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (SNL/CA), are reported. In the divertor-plasma simulator PISCES-B, W targets are exposed to Be seeded D-2 plasma in the temperature range 1070-1320 K. All reveal the formation of surface Be-W alloying. The alloy reaction rate is found to increase with surface temperature in the range 1023-1123 K in SNL vacuum-deposition phase formation experiments. In both sets of experiments the efficiency of surface alloying is found to depend on the availability of surface deposited Be. This availability is reduced by evaporation at high temperature, and also by plasma re-erosion in the case of PISCES-B targets. Surface analysis of targets using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals Be12W as the dominant alloy composition where Be surface availability is optimal. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Baldwin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mbaldwin@ferp.ucsd.edu NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.151 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200206 ER PT J AU Kaita, R Majeski, R Doerner, R Gray, T Kugel, H Lynch, T Maingi, R Mansfield, D Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Timberlake, J Zakharov, L AF Kaita, R. Majeski, R. Doerner, R. Gray, T. Kugel, H. Lynch, T. Maingi, R. Mansfield, D. Soukhanovskii, V. Spaleta, J. Timberlake, J. Zakharov, L. TI Extremely low recycling and high power density handling in CDX-U lithium experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE liquid metal; lithium; particle control; recycling; wall pumping ID LIQUID LITHIUM; PLASMAS; LIMITERS AB The mission of the Current Drive eXperiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) spherical tokamak is to investigate lithium as a plasma-facing component (PFC). The latest CDX-U experiments used a combination of a toroidal liquid lithium limiter and lithium wall coatings applied between plasma shots. Recycling coefficients for these plasmas were deduced to be 30% or below, and are the lowest ever observed in magnetically-confined plasmas. The corresponding energy confinement times showed nearly a factor of six improvement over discharges without lithium PFC's. An electron beam (e-beam) for evaporating lithium from the toroidal limiter was one of the techniques used to create lithium wall coatings in CDX-U. The evaporation was not localized to the e-beam spot, but occurred only after the entire volume of lithium in toroidal limiter was liquefied. This demonstration of the ability of lithium to handle high heat loads can have significant consequences for PFC's in future burning plasma devices. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM kaita@pppl.gov; lzakharov@pppl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1231 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.229 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200216 ER PT J AU Litnovsky, A Wienhold, P Philipps, V Sergienko, G Schmitz, O Kirschner, A Kreter, A Droste, S Samm, U Mertens, P Donne, AH Rudakov, D Allen, S Bolvin, R McLean, A Stangeby, P West, W Wong, C Lipa, M Schunke, B De Temmerman, G Pitts, R Costley, A Voitsenya, V Vukolov, K Oelhafen, P Rubel, M Romanyuk, A AF Litnovsky, A. Wienhold, P. Philipps, V. Sergienko, G. Schmitz, O. Kirschner, A. Kreter, A. Droste, S. Samm, U. Mertens, Ph. Donne, A. H. Rudakov, D. Allen, S. Bolvin, R. McLean, A. Stangeby, P. West, W. Wong, C. Lipa, M. Schunke, B. De Temmerman, G. Pitts, R. Costley, A. Voitsenya, V. Vukolov, K. Oelhafen, P. Rubel, M. Romanyuk, A. CA TEXTOR Team DIII-D Team Tore-Supra Team TCV Team TI Diagnostic mirrors for ITER: A material choice and the impact of erosion and deposition on their performance SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE materials properties; reflectivity; erosion and deposition; diagnostic mirrors (suggestion); ITER ID HYDROCARBON FORMATION; METAL MIRRORS; PLASMA; EXPOSURE; SIMULATION; TEXTOR; ION AB Metal mirrors will be implemented in about half of the ITER diagnostics. Mirrors in ITER will have to withstand radiation loads, erosion by charge-exchange neutrals, deposition of impurities, particle implantation and neutron irradiation. It is believed that the optical properties of diagnostic mirrors will be primarily influenced by erosion and deposition. A solution is needed for optimal performance of mirrors in ITER throughout the entire lifetime of the machine. A multi-machine research on diagnostic mirrors is currently underway in fusion facilities at several institutions and laboratories worldwide. Among others, dedicated investigations of ITER-candidate mirror materials are ongoing in Tore-Supra, TEXTOR, DIII-D, TCV, T-10 and JET. Laboratory studies are underway at IPP Kharkov (Ukraine), Kurchatov Institute (Russia) and the University of Basel (Switzerland). An overview of current research on diagnostic mirrors along with an outlook on future investigations is the subject of this paper. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM, Inst Plasma Phys, FZJ, TEC, Julich, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. EURATOM, CEA, DRFC, DSM, Cadarache, France. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, Basel, Switzerland. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, EURATOM Assoc, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Assoc EURATOM VR, KTH, Alfven Lab, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Litnovsky, A (reprint author), EURATOM, Inst Plasma Phys, FZJ, TEC, Julich, Germany. EM a.litnovsky@fz-juelich.de RI Romanyuk, Andriy/E-4627-2010; Schneider, Mireille/B-7821-2010; Artaud, Jean-Francois/G-8480-2011; ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011; Dumont, Remi/D-3840-2009; Decker, Joan/B-7779-2010; Artaud, Jean-Francois/J-2068-2012; OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551; Decker, Joan/0000-0003-0220-2653; Kirschner, Andreas/0000-0002-3213-3225 NR 23 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1395 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.281 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200245 ER PT J AU Parker, CV Skinner, CH Roquemore, AL AF Parker, C. V. Skinner, C. H. Roquemore, A. L. TI Controlling surface dust in a tokamak SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Hefei, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Plasma Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Bur Int Cooperat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE dust; erosion; deposition; ITER; NSTX ID FUSION DEVICES; PLASMA AB Methods to measure the inventory of dust particles and to remove dust if it approaches safety limits will be required in next-step tokamaks. A novel electrostatic dust detector, based on a fine grid of interlocking circuit traces, biased to 30 or 50 V, has been developed for the detection of dust on remote surfaces in air and vacuum environments. Impinging dust particles are detected when they create a short circuit between the traces, however this short circuit is temporary suggesting the device may be useful for the removal of dust from specific areas. The fate of the dust particles has been tracked by measurements of mass gain/loss. Heating by the current pulse caused up to 90% of the particles to be ejected from the grid or vaporized, the removal efficiency depending on the experimental geometry. We also report the first attempt at real-time dust detection in NSTX. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 363 BP 1461 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.209 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184QQ UT WOS:000247657200257 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, SV Kevrekidis, PG Khare, A Saxena, A AF Dmitriev, Sergey V. Kevrekidis, Panayotis G. Khare, Avinash Saxena, Avadh TI Exact static solutions to a translationally invariant discrete phi(4) model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATIONS; JACOBI ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS; KLEIN-GORDON MODELS; CYCLIC IDENTITIES; KINKS; DISCRETIZATIONS; DYNAMICS; LATTICES; SYSTEM AB For a discrete, translationally invariant phi(4) model introduced by Barashenkov et al ( 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 35602R), we provide the momentum conservation law and demonstrate how the first integral of the static version of the discrete model can be constructed from a Jacobi elliptic function (JEF) solution. The first integral can be written in the form of a nonlinear map from which the static solution supported by the model can be constructed. A set of JEF solutions, including the staggered ones, is derived. We also report on the stability analysis for the static bounded solutions and exemplify the dynamical behaviour of the unstable solutions. This work provides a road map, through this illustrative example, on how to fully analyse translationally invariant models in terms of their static problem, its first integral, their full set of static solutions and associated conservation laws. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dmitriev, SV (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 24 BP 6267 EP 6286 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/24/002 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 173CS UT WOS:000246851700010 ER PT J AU Gunter, IM Schneibel, JH Kruzic, JJ AF Gunter, I. M. Schneibel, J. H. Kruzic, J. J. TI Ductility and fracture toughness of molybdenum with MgAl2O4 additions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE molybdenum; fracture; ductility; spinel; grain size; toughness ID SI-B ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MOLYBDENUM; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; METALS AB New interest in controlling the ductility of molybdenum follows from the hope that multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys may represent the next generation of gas-turbine blade materials. While the addition of MgAl2O4 spinel particles up to 5 vol.% has been previously found to improve the tensile ductility of molybdenum, the present study indicates that there is no corresponding improvement in the fracture toughness. Based on these results, the ductilizing effect is attributed to the associated reduction in grain size, rather than the actual presence of the spinel particles. For spinel additions > 2.5 vol.%. the additional crack initiation sites associated with the brittle particles embrittle the molybdenum and hinder the ductilizing grain size effect, resulting in a decrease in ductility beyond 2.5 vol.% spinel. Thus, it would appear that controlling the molybdenum grain size, rather than adding spinel particles, is a more effective means of controlling ductility of molybdenum when fracture occurs intergranularly. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kruzic, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jamie.kruzic@oregonstate.edu RI Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 458 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.128 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 166VB UT WOS:000246407600038 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MS Holl, A Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD AF Bhagwat, M. S. Hoell, A. Krassnigg, A. Roberts, C. D. TI Theory and phenomenology of hadrons SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DECAY CONSTANT; QCD; PION; CONFINEMENT; NUCLEON; MESONS; COVARIANT AB This Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) apercu highlights recent applications to mesons. It reports features of, and results for, pseudoscalar and scalar bound-state residues in vacuum polarisations, and exhibits how a restoration of chiral symmetry in meson trajectories could be manifest in a relationship between them. It also touches on nucleon studies, emphasising the importance of both scalar and axial-vector diquark correlations, and reporting the calculation of mu(n) G(E)(n)(Q(2))/G(M)(n)(Q(2)). The value of respecting symmetries, including Poincare covariance, is stressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Graz Univ, Fachbereich Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Bhagwat, MS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 10C EP 16C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.168 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600003 ER PT J AU Gross, F AF Gross, Franz TI Relativistic aspects of few-body physics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID BETHE-SALPETER-EQUATION; TRITON BINDING-ENERGY; SCATTERING; NUCLEON; MODEL AB After a brief review of alternative approaches to the relativistic treatment of few-body problems, I discuss (i) recent progress in the study of NN and NNN systems, (ii) a new method for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Minkowski space, (iii) new relativistic treatment of spin 3/2 fields, and (iv) construction of conserved electromagnetic currents in a relativistic optical model. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gross, F (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 30C EP 38C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.167 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600006 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Thomas, A. W. Young, R. D. TI Progress in the calculation and experimental determination of the strangeness contributions to nucleon form factors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID MAGNETIC-MOMENT; LATTICE QCD; SYMMETRY AB The progress in lattice QCD, especially the capacity to calculate at ever lower quark masses, combined with modern techniques of chiral extrapolation, means that one can now determine the strange quark contribution to the vector form factors of the nucleon with remarkable precision. We review these recent landmark calculations and compare them with the most recent global analysis of the experimental situation using parity violating electron scattering. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23696 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23696 USA. RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 173C EP 181C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.154 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600027 ER PT J AU Carlson, J AF Carlson, J. TI Vijay Pandharipande and few-body physics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Biographical-Item AB We briefly review the contributions of Vijay Pandharipande to Few-Body Physics. Vijay made many crucial contributions to few-nucleon physics; we can only touch upon some, from the spectra of light nuclei, to low- and high-energy reactions revealing their structure, and studies of the nuclear interaction. We briefly trace the beginnings of Vijay's work in few-nucleon physics, present a few of the highlights during his work, and briefly comment on the future of the line of theoretical work Vijay instigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Carlson, Joseph/0000-0002-3163-5565 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 191C EP 196C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.152 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600029 ER PT J AU Quaglioni, S Stetcu, I Bacca, S Barrett, BR Johnson, CW Navratil, P Barnea, N Leidemann, W Orlandini, G AF Quaglioni, S. Stetcu, I. Bacca, S. Barrett, Bruce R. Johnson, Calvin W. Navratil, Petr Barnea, Nir Leidemann, Winfried Orlandini, Giuseppina TI Benchmark calculation of inclusive responses in the four-body nuclear system SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID LORENTZ INTEGRAL TRANSFORM; SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS AB This paper reports on a recent benchmark calculation in the four-nucleon system, aimed at investigating the reliability of the no-core shell model (NCSM) approach to the description of inclusive response functions via the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Trento, I-00186 Rome, Italy. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Leidemann, W (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Barnea, Nir/F-8960-2011 OI Barnea, Nir/0000-0001-8036-3052 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 372C EP 375C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.068 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600064 ER PT J AU Higa, R Robilotta, MR da Rocha, CA AF Higa, R. Robilotta, M. R. da Rocha, C. A. TI Two-pion exchange NN potential from Lorentz-invariant chi EFT SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID PION-NUCLEON SCATTERING; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We outline the progress made in the past five years by the S (a) over tilde o Paulo group in the development of a two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon potential within a Lorentz-invariant framework of (baryon) chiral perturbation theory. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Judas Tadeu, BR-03166000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Higa, R (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM higa@itkp.uni-bonn.de RI Higa, Renato/M-2300-2016 OI Higa, Renato/0000-0002-6298-8128 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 384C EP 388C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.144 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600066 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA AF Bertulani, C. A. TI Nuclear astrophysics with unstable nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; FUSION REACTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; EXCITATION; SCATTERING; B-8; BE-7(P AB I discuss the challenges in obtaining the nuclear physics input for the Big Bang and stellar evolution. Then I will show how a new generation of theoretical developments and experiments can shed light on the complex nuclear processes that control the evolution of stars and stellar explosions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 467C EP 471C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.079 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600085 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Scoccol, NN AF Goity, J. L. Scoccol, N. N. TI Excited baryon decays in 1/N-c expansion of QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID N-C-QCD; MASSES AB The decays of excited baryons are analyzed using the 1/N-c expansion of QCD. These studies are performed up to order 1/N-c and include positive and negative parity states. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 489C EP 492C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.083 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600090 ER PT J AU Gibson, BF AF Gibson, B. F. TI Lambda Nuclear physics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID LIGHT HYPERNUCLEI AB We examine briefly whether our realistic models of nuclear forces, which govern the interactions of neutrons and protons with one another and form the basis for precision calculations describing conventional few-nucleon systems, can extrapolate beyond the realm of S = 0 nuclear physics where they were developed, or whether they are merely exquisite interpolation tools within the bounds of well established neutron-proton physics. To address that issue, we examine certain novel aspects of Lambda hypernuclei, exploring how few-body hypernuclei provide a laboratory in which one can investigate properties of the Lambda N interaction. Finally we look forward to possible future experiments that can enhance our minimal data base for hyperon-nucleon scattering and reactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, US Dept Energy, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, US Dept Energy, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 641C EP 645C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.109 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600125 ER PT J AU Tang, L Yuan, L Acha, A Ahmidouch, A Androic, D Asaturyan, A Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Baturin, P Benmokhtar, F Bosted, P Carlini, R Chen, X Christy, M Cole, L Danagoulian, S Daniel, A Dharmawardane, V Egiyan, K Elaasar, M Ent, R Fenker, H Fujii, Y Furic, M Gan, L Gaskell, D Gasparian, A Gibson, EF Gueye, P Halkyard, R Hashimoto, O Honda, D Horn, T Hu, B Hu, S Hungerford, EV Ispiryan, M Johnston, K Jones, M Kalantarians, N Kaneta, M Kato, F Kato, S Kawama, D Kepple, C Li, Y Luo, W Mack, D Margaryan, A Marikyan, G Maruyama, N Matsumura, A Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, A Mkrtchyan, H Nakamura, SN Navasardyan, T Niculescu, G Niculescu, MI Nomura, H Nonaka, K Ohtani, A Okayasu, Y Pamela, P Perez, N Petkovic, T Randeniya, S Reinhold, J Rivera, R Roche, J Rodriguez, VM Sato, Y Seva, T Simicevic, N Smith, G Sumihama, M Song, Y Tadevosyan, V Takahashi, T Tamura, H Tvaskis, V Vulcan, W Wang, B Wells, S Wood, S Yan, C Zamkochian, S AF Tang, L. Yuan, L. Acha, A. Ahmidouch, A. Androic, D. Asaturyan, A. Asaturyan, R. Baker, O. K. Baturin, P. Benmokhtar, F. Bosted, P. Carlini, R. Chen, X. Christy, M. Cole, L. Danagoulian, S. Daniel, A. Dharmawardane, V. Egiyan, K. Elaasar, M. Ent, R. Fenker, H. Fujii, Y. Furic, M. Gan, L. Gaskell, D. Gasparian, A. Gibson, Ed F. Gueye, P. Halkyard, R. Hashimoto, O. Honda, D. Horn, T. Hu, B. Hu, S. Hungerford, Ed V. Ispiryan, M. Johnston, K. Jones, M. Kalantarians, N. Kaneta, M. Kato, F. Kato, S. Kawama, D. Kepple, C. Li, Y. Luo, W. Mack, D. Margaryan, A. Marikyan, G. Maruyama, N. Matsumura, A. Miyoshi, T. Mkrtchyan, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Nakamura, S. N. Navasardyan, T. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, M.-I. Nomura, H. Nonaka, K. Ohtani, A. Okayasu, Y. Pamela, P. Perez, N. Petkovic, T. Randeniya, S. Reinhold, J. Rivera, R. Roche, J. Rodriguez, V. M. Sato, Y. Seva, T. Simicevic, N. Smith, G. Sumihama, M. Song, Y. Tadevosyan, V. Takahashi, T. Tamura, H. Tvaskis, V. Vulcan, W. Wang, B. Wells, S. Wood, S. Yan, C. Zamkochian, S. CA E01-011 Collaboration TI The HKS experiment on Lambda-hypernuclear spectroscopy via electroproduction at JLab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP AB The HKS (Jlab E01-011) experiment on spectroscopy of Lambda-hypernuclei using (e,e'K+) reaction was successfully carried out in 2005. This paper gives a brief description of the experiment and its technique and shows some of the preliminary spectra that are still under analysis. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Tang, L (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RI Androic, Darko/A-7482-2008; Fujii, Yu/D-3413-2015 OI Fujii, Yu/0000-0001-6625-2241 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 679C EP 682C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.014 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600134 ER PT J AU Macek, JH AF Macek, J. H. TI Efimov states of fermionic species SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physica CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Santos, BRAZIL SP IUPAP ID 3-BODY RECOMBINATION AB When three particles interact via zero-range potentials it is possible to find some exact solutions of the three-body Schrodinger equation for infinite scattering lengths. For s-wave interactions the exact solutions correspond to the famous Efimov states. Similar exact solutions for two-body zero-range potentials with l = 1 are considered in this manuscript. Efimov states emerge in the limit as a(1) -> infinity. We also report exact solutions for l = 0 with a(0) not equal 0. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Macek, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 790 BP 747C EP 751C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.021 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193TM UT WOS:000248297600148 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Padilla, WJ Zide, JMO Bank, SR Gossard, AC Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Chen, Hou-Tong Padilla, Willie J. Zide, Joshua M. O. Bank, Seth R. Gossard, Arthur C. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. TI Ultrafast optical switching of terahertz metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattices SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER DYNAMICS; GAAS AB We demonstrate optical switching of electrically resonant terahertz planar metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattice substrates. Photoexcited charge carriers in the superlattice shunt the capacitive regions of the constituent elements, thereby modulating the resonant response of the metamaterials. A switching recovery time of 20 ps results from fast carrier recombination in the ErAs/GaAs superlattice substrates. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009; Zide, Joshua/B-5105-2010; Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571; Zide, Joshua/0000-0002-6378-7221; Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 12 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1620 EP 1622 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001620 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 191PX UT WOS:000248144600008 PM 17572725 ER PT J AU Kang, S Goyal, A Li, J Martin, P Ijaduola, A Thompson, JR Paranthaman, M AF Kang, S. Goyal, A. Li, J. Martin, P. Ijaduola, A. Thompson, J. R. Paranthaman, M. TI Flux-pinning characteristics as a function of density of columnar defects comprised of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta films for coated conductor applications SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flux-pinning; nanoparticles; critical current density ID REGULAR ARRAY; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB Pure YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) and YBCO films with extended columnar defects comprised of self-assembled columns of nanodots and nanorods of BaZrO3 (BZO), CaZrO3 (CZO) and 8 mol.% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on RABiTS templates of configuration CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/Ni-W. Effects on increasing the size and density of columnar defects by varying the total volume fraction BZO, CZO or YSZ incorporations within the YBCO film are reported. BZO volume fraction was varied between 0% and 8%, CZO between 0% and 2% and YSZ 0-2%. The critical transition temperature (T-c) was found to linearly decrease with increase in vol.% of BZO, CZO and YSZ, with the steepest decline for CZO additions. Nevertheless, YBCO films with these columnar defects exhibit significantly reduced J(c) dependence on applied field. At 77 K, best properties are obtained for 1-2 vol.% BZO incorporation in the form of columns of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods in fields of 0.1-1.5 T. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goyala@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.02.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 198CL UT WOS:000248604500002 ER PT J AU Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Chetluru, V Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harnarine, I Hauer, M Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Loizides, C Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Seals, H Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C Van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyngaardt, S Wyslouch, B AF Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Harnarine, I. Hauer, M. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Loizides, C. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslouch, B. TI System size, energy, pseudorapidity, and centrality dependence of elliptic flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; FLUCTUATIONS; SIGNATURE AB This Letter presents measurements of the elliptic flow of charged particles as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality from Cu-Cu collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow in Cu-Cu collisions is found to be significant even for the most central events. For comparison with the Au-Au results, it is found that the detailed way in which the collision geometry (eccentricity) is estimated is of critical importance when scaling out system-size effects. A new form of eccentricity, called the participant eccentricity, is introduced which yields a scaled elliptic flow in the Cu-Cu system that has the same relative magnitude and qualitative features as that in the Au-Au system. C1 MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. RP Alver, B (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008; OI Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763; Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 NR 29 TC 202 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 242302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.242302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300014 PM 17677957 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Block, MM Tan, CI AF Berger, Edmond L. Block, M. M. Tan, Chung-I TI Analytic expression for the joint x and Q2 dependences of the deep-inelastic structure functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EP SCATTERING; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We obtain a good analytic fit to the joint Bjorken-x and Q(2) dependences of ZEUS data on the deep-inelastic structure function F-2(p)(x,Q(2)). At fixed virtuality Q(2), as we showed previously, our expression is an expansion in powers of ln(1/x) that satisfies the Froissart bound. Here we show that for each x, the Q(2) dependence of the data is well described by an expansion in powers of lnQ(2). The resulting analytic expression allows us to predict the logarithmic derivatives (partial derivative F-n(2)p/(partial derivative lnQ(2))(n))(x) for n=1,2 and to compare the results successfully with other data. We extrapolate the proton structure function F-2(p)(x,Q(2)) to the very large Q(2) and the very small x regions that are inaccessible to present-day experiments and contrast our expectations with those of conventional global fits of parton distribution functions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 242001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.242001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300012 PM 17677955 ER PT J AU Cox, S Rosten, E McDonald, RD Singleton, J AF Cox, S. Rosten, E. McDonald, R. D. Singleton, J. TI Comment on "Pinning frequencies of the collective modes in alpha-uranium" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEAT C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cox, S (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 249701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.249701 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300057 PM 17678000 ER PT J AU Giefers, H Tanis, EA Rudin, SP Greeff, C Ke, XH Chen, CF Nicol, MF Pravica, M Pravica, W Zhao, JY Alatas, A Lerche, M Sturhahn, W Alp, E AF Giefers, Hubertus Tanis, Elizabeth A. Rudin, Sven P. Greeff, Carl Ke, Xuezhi Chen, Changfeng Nicol, Malcolm F. Pravica, Michael Pravica, Walter Zhao, Jiyong Alatas, Ahmet Lerche, Michael Sturhahn, Wolfgang Alp, Ercan TI Phonon density of states of metallic Sn at high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; FORCE-CONSTANTS; TIN; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSIONS; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB Determination of the lattice dynamics of Sn at high pressure has represented a major experimental challenge and eluded previous attempts. Here we report the first successful measurement of the phonon density of states of Sn at high pressure to 64 GPa using nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. We also present density functional theory calculations that are in excellent agreement with the measured data. The results of this combined experimental and theoretical study establish reliable phonon density of states of Sn at high pressure. It makes possible an accurate description of its thermodynamic properties that are of great importance and interest in high pressure research. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. Wilbur Wright Coll, Chicago, IL 60634 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Giefers, H (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Greeff, Carl/N-3267-2013; OI Greeff, Carl/0000-0003-0529-0441 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 245502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.245502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300030 PM 17677973 ER PT J AU Haskel, D Lee, YB Harmon, BN Islam, Z Lang, JC Srajer, G Mudryk, Y Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Haskel, D. Lee, Y. B. Harmon, B. N. Islam, Z. Lang, J. C. Srajer, G. Mudryk, Ya. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Pecharsky, V. K. TI Role of Ge in bridging ferromagnetism in the giant magnetocaloric Gd-5(Ge1-xSix)(4) alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; POLARIZED X-RAYS; GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); SPECTRA; SYSTEMS AB X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) are used to study the electronic conduction states in Gd-5(Ge1-xSix)(4) materials through the first-order bond-breaking magnetostructural transition responsible for their giant magnetocaloric effect. Spin-dependent hybridization between Ge 4p and Gd 5d conduction states, which XMCD senses through the induced magnetic polarization in Ge ions, enables long-range Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida ferromagnetic interactions between Gd 4f moments in adjacent Gd slabs connected by Ge(Si) bonds. These interactions are strong below but weaken above the Ge(Si) bond-breaking transition that destroys 3D ferromagnetic order. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 247205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.247205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300047 PM 17677990 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Mihaila, B Opeil, CP Drymiotis, FR Smith, JL AF Lashley, J. C. Mihaila, B. Opeil, C. P. Drymiotis, F. R. Smith, J. L. TI Pinning frequencies of the collective modes in alpha-uranium - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; HEAT; TRANSITION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 249702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.249702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300058 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Baddorf, AP Kim, SH Kalinin, SV AF Rodriguez, B. J. Jesse, S. Baddorf, A. P. Kim, S.-H. Kalinin, S. V. TI Controlling polarization dynamics in a liquid environment: From localized to macroscopic switching in ferroelectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; DOMAINS AB The effect of disorder on polarization switching in ferroelectric materials is studied using piezoresponse force microscopy in a liquid environment. The spatial extent of the electric field created by a biased tip is controlled by the choice of medium, resulting in a transition from localized switching dictated by tip radius, to uniform switching across the film. In the localized regime, the formation of fractal domains has been observed with dimensionality controlled by the length scale of the frozen disorder. In the nonlocal regime, preferential nucleation at defect sites and the presence of long-range correlations has been observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inostek Inc, Gyeonggi 426901, South Korea. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 247603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.247603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300051 PM 17677994 ER PT J AU Wakimoto, S Yamada, K Tranquada, JM Frost, CD Birgeneau, RJ Zhang, H AF Wakimoto, S. Yamada, K. Tranquada, J. M. Frost, C. D. Birgeneau, R. J. Zhang, H. TI Disappearance of antiferromagnetic spin excitations in overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-SEPARATION; STRIPES AB Magnetic excitations for energies up to similar to 100 meV are studied for overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 with x=0.25 and 0.30, using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy. Comparison of spectra integrated over the width of an antiferromagnetic Brillouin zone demonstrates that the magnetic scattering at intermediate energies, 20 less than or similar to omega less than or similar to 100 meV, progressively decreases with overdoping. This strongly suggests that the magnetism is not related to Fermi surface nesting, but rather is associated with a decreasing volume fraction of (probably fluctuating) antiferromagnetic bubbles. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Wakimoto, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; NR 35 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 247003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.247003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300042 PM 17677985 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Conner, MM Schlueter, JA Hyzer, KA AF Manson, Jamie L. Conner, Marianne M. Schlueter, John A. Hyzer, Kylee A. TI Structural and magnetic properties of quasi-1 and 2D pyrazine-containing spin-1/2 antiferromagnets SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets (ICMM 2006) CY AUG 13-17, 2006 CL Victoria, CANADA SP Elsevier, Univ Victoria, Ame Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Quantum Design, IQuantum Corp, Bruker Canada, Rigaku, Canadian Soc Chem, Inorgan & Organ Div DE low-dimensional; quantum-spin; copper coordination polymer; antiferromagnet; molecular magnet ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COPPER(II) COMPLEXES AB Aqueous reaction of Cu(BF4)(2), NH4HF2, and pyrazine leads to formation of a novel 3D framework, [Cu(HF2)(pyz)(2)]BF4 (1), where 2D [Cu(pyz)(2)](2+) square layers are connected via HF2-. A second compound, Cu(ReO4)(2)(H2O)(2)(pyz) (2), was the result of our attempt to create the perthenate analog of 1; a linear chain compound consisting of CuO4N2 octahedra linked through pyrazine ligands formed instead. Both compounds exhibit extensive hydrogen bonding interactions where bifluoride, F center dot center dot center dot H center dot center dot center dot F-, and O-H center dot center dot center dot O link layers and chains together in I and 2, respectively. Broad maxima indicative of short-range magnetic ordering (SRO) were observed in the magnetic susceptibility at 5.5 (1) and 7.7 K (2) while no evidence for the transition to long-range magnetic ordering (LRO) was detected above 2 K. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 226 Sci,526 5th St, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 1912 EP 1916 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2006.09.045 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 185GW UT WOS:000247700400028 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Manson, JL Hyzer, KA Geiser, U AF Schlueter, John A. Manson, Jamie L. Hyzer, Kylee A. Geiser, Urs TI Novel anionic dicyanamidocuprate(II) structural motifs through cation templation SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets (ICMM 2006) CY AUG 13-17, 2006 CL Victoria, CANADA SP Elsevier, Univ Victoria, Ame Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Quantum Design, IQuantum Corp, Bruker Canada, Rigaku, Canadian Soc Chem, Inorgan & Organ Div DE dicyanamide; cation templation; copper compounds; crystal structure; coordination polymer; molecular magnets ID METAL DICYANAMIDE NETWORKS; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; COORDINATION POLYMERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETISM; MN; NI; CO; DCA; N(CN)(2)(-) AB The crystal structures and magnetic properties of two new salts containing polymeric dicyanamidocuprate(II) anions are reported. Subtle changes in cation templation effects, crystallization conditions, and the coordination geometry of the metal center result in dramatic changes in the structure of the anionic framework. We report that the (PPh4)Cu(dca)(3)H2O [dca = dicyanamide, N(CN)(2)(-)] salt contains singly bridged mu(1,5)-dca chains that are linked into a two-dimensional network through coordinated water molecules. Replacement of one of the cation phenyl groups with a butyl group results in the formation of the (PPh3Bu)(2)Cu(dca)(4) salt, which contains doubly bridged mu(1,5)-dca chains. Only negligibly weak magnetic interactions were observed in both compounds. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM JASchlueter@anl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 2264 EP 2272 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2006.11.021 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 185GW UT WOS:000247700400086 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Phuoc, Tran X. TI Conduction and dissipation in the shearing flow of granular materials modeled as non-Newtonian fluids SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE granular materials; conduction heat transfer; dissipation; shear flow; continuum mechanics; non-Newtonian fluids ID MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; HEAT-FLUX VECTOR; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; CONTINUUM THEORY; ANTIGRANULOCYTES-MATERIALS; STRESS CALCULATIONS; GRAVITY FLOW; COUETTE-FLOW; RAPID FLOW AB After providing a brief review of the constitutive modeling of the stress tensor for granular materials using non-Newtonian fluid models, we study the flow between two horizontal flat plates. It is assumed that the granular media behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid (of the Reiner-Rivlin type); we use the constitutive relation derived by Rajagopal and Massoudi [Rajagopal, K. R. and M. Massoudi, "A Method for measuring material moduli of granular materials: flow in an orthogonal rheometer," Topical Report, DOE/PETC/TR-90/3, 1990] which can predict the normal stress differences, The lower plate is fixed and heated, and the upper plate (which is at a lower temperature than the lower plate) is set into motion with a constant velocity. The steady fully developed flow and the heat transfer equations are made dimensionless and are solved numerically; the effects of different dimensionless numbers and viscous dissipation are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 126 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-5910 EI 1873-328X J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 175 IS 3 BP 146 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.01.031 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 181CS UT WOS:000247415100005 ER PT J AU Jones, LW Sessler, AM Symon, KR AF Jones, Lawrence W. Sessler, Andrew M. Symon, Keith R. TI A brief history of the FFAG accelerator SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jones, LW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1567 EP 1567 DI 10.1126/science.316.5831.1567 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900018 PM 17569845 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Shu, SQ Mungall, CJ Karpen, GH AF Smith, Christopher D. Shu, ShengQiang Mungall, Christopher J. Karpen, Gary H. TI The Release 5.1 annotation of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA; HUMAN GENOME; HONEY-BEE; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOGENES; CHROMOSOME; INTRONS; ODORANT; FAMILY AB The repetitive DNA that constitutes most of the heterochromatic regions of metazoan genomes has hindered the comprehensive analysis of gene content and other functions. We have generated a detailed computational and manual annotation of 24 megabases of heterochromatic sequence in the Release 5 Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence. The heterochromatin contains a minimum of 230 to 254 protein-coding genes, which are conserved in other Drosophilids and more diverged species, as well as 32 pseudogenes and 13 noncoding RNAs. Improved methods revealed that more than 77% of this heterochromatin sequence, including introns and intergenic regions, is composed of fragmented and nested transposable elements and other repeated DNAs. Drosophila heterochromatin contains "islands" of highly conserved genes embedded in these "oceans" of complex repeats, which may require special expression and splicing mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Biomed Ontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karpen, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM karpen@fruitfly.org FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG000747-16, P41 HG000739-15, R01 HG000747, R01-HG000747, U54 HG004028, U54 HG004028-01] NR 26 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1586 EP 1591 DI 10.1126/science.1139815 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900032 PM 17569856 ER PT J AU Ozer, MM Jia, Y Zhang, ZY Thompson, JR Weitering, HH AF Oezer, Mustafa M. Jia, Yu Zhang, Zhenyu Thompson, James R. Weitering, Hanno H. TI Tuning the quantum stability and superconductivity of ultrathin metal alloys SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY AB Quantum confinement of itinerant electrons in atomically smooth ultrathin lead films produces strong oscillations in the thickness-dependent film energy. By adding extra electrons via bismuth alloying, we showed that both the structural stability and the superconducting properties of such films can be tuned. The phase boundary ( upper critical field) between the superconducting vortex state and the normal state indicates an anomalous suppression of superconducting order just below the critical temperature, T(c). This suppression varies systematically with the film thickness and the bismuth content and can be parametrized in terms of a characteristic temperature, T(c)* ( less than T(c)), that is inversely proportional to the scattering mean free path. The results indicate that the isotropic nature of the superconductive pairing in bulk lead-bismuth alloys is altered in the quantum regime. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Zhengzhou 450052, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weitering, HH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hanno@utk.edu NR 27 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1594 EP 1597 DI 10.1126/science.1142159 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900034 PM 17569857 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Holladay, JE Brown, H Zhang, ZC AF Zhao, Haibo Holladay, Johnathan E. Brown, Heather Zhang, Z. Conrad TI Metal chlorides in ionic liquid solvents convert sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER; D-FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; DEHYDRATION; DECOMPOSITION; CATALYSIS; MECHANISM; KINETICS; SUCROSE; BIOMASS AB Replacing petroleum feedstocks by biomass requires efficient methods to convert carbohydrates to a variety of chemical compounds. We report the catalytic conversion of sugars giving high yield to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile intermediate. Metal halides in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride are catalysts, among which chromium (II) chloride is found to be uniquely effective, leading to the conversion of glucose to HMF with a yield near 70%. A wide range of metal halides is found to catalyze the conversion of fructose to HMF. Only a negligible amount of levulinic acid is formed in these reactions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM conrad.zhang@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 1089 Z9 1155 U1 59 U2 588 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1597 EP 1600 DI 10.1126/science.1141199 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900035 PM 17569858 ER PT J AU Moreau, JW Weber, PK Martin, MC Gilbert, B Hutcheon, ID Banfield, JF AF Moreau, John W. Weber, Peter K. Martin, Michael C. Gilbert, Benjamin Hutcheon, Ian D. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Extracellular proteins limit the dispersal of biogenic nanoparticles SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; METAL; RESISTANCE; ZINC; ION; CONTAMINATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; AGGREGATION; SPHALERITE; PRODUCTS AB High-spatial-resolution secondary ion microprobe spectrometry, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated the intimate association of proteins with spheroidal aggregates of biogenic zinc sulfide nanocrystals, an example of extracellular biomineralization. Experiments involving synthetic zinc sulfide nanoparticles and representative amino acids indicated a driving role for cysteine in rapid nanoparticle aggregation. These findings suggest that microbially derived extracellular proteins can limit the dispersal of nanoparticulate metal-bearing phases, such as the mineral products of bioremediation, that may otherwise be transported away from their source by subsurface fluid flow. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moreau, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM jwmoreau@usgs.gov RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Moreau, John/A-8061-2013; OI Moreau, John W/0000-0002-5997-522X NR 32 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 10 U2 99 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1600 EP 1603 DI 10.1126/science.1141064 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900036 PM 17569859 ER PT J AU Hoskins, RA Carlson, JW Kennedy, C Acevedo, D Evans-Holm, M Frise, E Wan, KH Park, S Mendez-Lago, M Rossi, F Villasante, A Dimitri, P Karpen, GH Celniker, SE AF Hoskins, Roger A. Carlson, Joseph W. Kennedy, Cameron Acevedo, David Evans-Holm, Martha Frise, Erwin Wan, Kenneth H. Park, Soo Mendez-Lago, Maria Rossi, Fabrizio Villasante, Alfredo Dimitri, Patrizio Karpen, Gary H. Celniker, Susan E. TI Sequence finishing and mapping of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTRIC HETEROCHROMATIN; INSERTIONS; DISTANCE; ELEMENTS; GENOME; GENES AB Genome sequences for most metazoans and plants are incomplete because of the presence of repeated DNA in the heterochromatin. The heterochromatic regions of Drosophila melanogaster contain 20 million bases (Mb) of sequence amenable to mapping, sequence assembly, and finishing. We describe the generation of 15 Mb of finished or improved heterochromatic sequence with the use of available clone resources and assembly methods. We also constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map that spans 13 Mb of the pericentromeric heterochromatin and a cytogenetic map that positions 11 Mb in specific chromosomal locations. We have approached a complete assembly and mapping of the nonsatellite component of Drosophila heterochromatin. The strategy we describe is also applicable to generating substantially more information about heterochromatin in other species, including humans. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UAM, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Genet & Biol Mol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celniker, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM celniker@fruitfly.org FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG00747, P50-HG00750, R01 HG000747, R01 HG000747-16]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066272] NR 21 TC 155 Z9 175 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1625 EP 1628 DI 10.1126/science.1139816 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900044 PM 17569867 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, SP Wanlass, MW Carapella, JJ Ahrenkiel, RK Johnston, SW Gedvilas, LM AF Ahrenkiel, S. P. Wanlass, M. W. Carapella, J. J. Ahrenkiel, R. K. Johnston, S. W. Gedvilas, L. M. TI Optimization of buffer layers for lattice-mismatched epitaxy of GaxIn1-xAs/InAsyP1-y double-heterostructures on InP SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE epitaxy of thin films; semiconductors; indium phosphide; transmission electron microscopy; diffraction; chemical vapor deposition ID DISLOCATIONS; MULTILAYERS; DENSITY; GAAS AB We optimize InAsyP1-y buffer layers and compositional grades for lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy of GaxIn1-xAs/InAsyP1-y double-heterostructures on InP. The strains of the active and buffer layers depend on the bulk misfit difference between these layers. The misfit difference is adjusted to eliminate strain in the active layer, thus avoiding misfit dislocations and surface topography that would otherwise form to relieve strain. The optimized structure uses an "overshoot" with respect to the conventional design in the misfit and As composition of the InAsyP1-y buffer. Nearly optimized heterostructures typically show excellent structural quality and extended minority-carrier lifetimes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, SP (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Nanosci & Nanoeng PhD Program, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM phil.ahrenkiel@sdsmt.edu NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 10 BP 908 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.02.008 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 171PB UT WOS:000246746800010 ER PT J AU Zhao, XE Ma, SG Hrbek, J Rodriguez, JA AF Zhao, Xueing Ma, Shuguo Hrbek, Jan Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Reaction of water with Ce-Au(111) and CeOx/Au(111) surfaces: Photoemission and STM studies SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cerium; ceria; gold; water; STM; photoemission; surface reaction; water-gas shift reaction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; GAS-SHIFT REACTION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; CERIA; GROWTH; CE; CATALYSTS; AU(111); AU; RECONSTRUCTION AB This article reports photoemission and STM studies for the adsorption and dissociation of water on Ce-Au(111) alloys and CeOx/Au(111) surfaces. In general, the adsorption of water at 300 K on disordered Ce-Au(111) alloys led to O-H bond breaking and the formation of Ce(OH), species. Heating to 500-600 K induced the decomposition or disproportio nation of the adsorbed OH groups, with the evolution of H-2 and H,O into gas phase and the formation of Ce2O3 islands on the gold substrate. The intrinsic Cc <-> H2O interactions were explored by depositing Cc atoms on water multilayers supported on Au(111). After adsorbing Ce on ice layers at 100 K, the admetal was oxidized immediately to yield Ce3+. Heating to room temperature produced finger-like islands of Ce(OH), on the gold substrate. The hydroxyl groups dissociated upon additional heating to 500-600 K, leaving Ce2O3 particles over the surface. On these systems, water was not able to fully oxidize Ce into CeO2 Under UHV conditions. A complete Ce2O3 - CeO2 transformation was seen upon reaction with O-2. The particles of CeO2 dispersed on Au(111) did not interact with water at 300 K or higher temperatures. In this respect, they exhibited the same reactivity as does a periodic CeO2(111) surface. On the other hand, the Ce2O3/Au(111) and CeO2-x/Au(111) surfaces readily dissociated H2O at 300-500 K. These systems showed an interesting reactivity for H2O decomposition. Water decomposed into OH groups on Ce2O3/Au(111) or Ce02-,/Au(111) without completely oxidizing Ce3+ into Ce4+. Annealing over 500 K removed the hydroxyl groups leaving behind CeO2-x/Au(111) surfaces. In other words, the activity of CeOx/Au(111) for water dissociation can be easily recovered. The behavior of gold-ceria catalysts during the water gas shift reaction is discussed in light of these results. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 12 BP 2445 EP 2452 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.04.106 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 190AJ UT WOS:000248029800009 ER PT J AU Tanwar, KS Catalano, JG Petitto, SC Ghose, SK Eng, PJ Trainor, TP AF Tanwar, Kunaljeet S. Catalano, Jeffrey G. Petitto, Sarah C. Ghose, Sanjit K. Eng, Peter J. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Hydrated alpha-Fe2O3(1(1)over-bar-02) surface structure: Role of surface preparation SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE iron oxide; hematite (1(1)over-tilde02); alpha-Fe2O3; surface X-ray diffraction; surface preparation; surface annealing; surface structure; crystal truncation rods ID ALPHA-AL2O3 0001 SURFACE; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; IRON-OXIDE CATALYSTS; THIN-FILMS; DIFFRACTION; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; TERMINATION; REACTIVITY; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001) AB The surface structure of alpha-Fe2O3(1 (1) over bar 02) was studied under two different surface preparation conditions using crystal truncation rod (CTR) diffraction. Wet chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) at 298 K results in a crystalline surface termination in which the top layer of iron atoms is absent compared to the stoichiometric bulk termination. Annealing in air at 773 K resulted in a transformation of the surface to a structure consistent with hydroxylation of the stoichiometric termination. These results agree with theoretical predictions of Lo et al. [C.S. Lo, K.S. Tanwar, A.M. Chaka, T.P. Trainor, Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 075425] and clearly show an ambient pressure surface preparation path leading to a stoichiometric hydroxylated surface, which is apparently a meta-stable configuration at room temperature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fftpt@uaf.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 12 BP L59 EP L64 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.04.115 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 190AJ UT WOS:000248029800001 ER PT J AU Gans, JD Wolinsky, M AF Gans, Jason D. Wolinsky, Murray TI Genomorama: genome visualization and analysis SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR THERMODYNAMICS; DOT-T MISMATCHES; DNA-SEQUENCES; TOOL; PCR; ANNOTATIONS; PARAMETERS; ALIGNMENT; ENDS; NMR AB Background: The ability to visualize genomic features and design experimental assays that can target specific regions of a genome is essential for modern biology. To assist in these tasks, we present Genomorama, a software program for interactively displaying multiple genomes and identifying potential DNA hybridization sites for assay design. Results: Useful features of Genomorama include genome search by DNA hybridization (probe binding and PCR amplification), efficient multi-scale display and manipulation of multiple genomes, support for many genome file types and the ability to search for and retrieve data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Entrez server. Conclusion: Genomorama provides an efficient computational platform for visualizing and analyzing multiple genomes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gans, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jgans@lanl.gov; murray@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 204 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-204 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 186QC UT WOS:000247792200001 PM 17570856 ER PT J AU Huq, A Richardson, JW Maxey, ER Chandra, D Chien, WM AF Huq, Ashfia Richardson, James W. Maxey, Evan R. Chandra, Dhanesh Chien, Wen-Ming TI Structural studies of Li3N using neutron powder diffraction SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen absorbing material; metal nitride; neutron diffraction ID LITHIUM NITRIDE LI3N; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; HYDROGENATION; STORAGE AB The search for alternative fuel has spurred interest in complexes with high hydrogen absorption-desorption capacities. Among these compounds complex metal hydrides have received much attention. More recently, it was proposed that simple metal nitrides such as lithium nitride (Li3N), with its 9 wt% recyclable hydrogen uptake, could be good candidates for reversible hydrogen storage. In this paper, we present the results of detailed structural study of Li3N through the temperature range 20-673 K using neutron powder diffraction. Commercially purchased compound showed a co-existence of alpha and beta phases of Li3N. We observed a steady decline of the beta phase above 473 K and a very small fraction (similar to 2.5 wt%) remained untransformed at 673 K. This transformation (beta to alpha) was not reversible on cooling. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Instense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Huq, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Instense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ahuq@anl.gov RI Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013 OI Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 436 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.07.021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 166AQ UT WOS:000246349700048 ER PT J AU Suo, BB Balasubramanian, K AF Suo, Bingbing Balasubramanian, Krishnan TI Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of yttrium carbide (YC) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LYING STATES; RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; 2-PHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL CARBIDES; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; ELECTRONIC STATES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; RUC; SURFACES AB The potential energy curves of the low-lying electronic states of yttrium carbide (YC) and its cation are calculated at the complete active space self-consistent field and the multireference single and double excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) levels of theory. Fifteen low-lying electronic states of YC with different spin and spatial symmetries were identified. The X (4)Sigma(-) state prevails as the ground state of YC, and a low-lying excited A (4)Pi state is found to be 1661 cm(-1) higher at the MRSDCI level. The computations of the authors support the assignment of the observed spectra to a B (4)Delta(Omega=7/2)<- A (4)Pi(Omega=5/2) transition with a reinterpretation that the A (4)Pi state is appreciably populated under the experimental conditions as it is less than 2000 cm(-1) of the X (4)Sigma(-) ground state, and the previously suggested (4)Pi ground state is reassigned to the first low-lying excited state of YC. The potential energy curves of YC+ confirm a previous prediction by Seivers [J. Chem. Phys. 105, 6322 (1996)] that the ground state of YC+ is formed through a second pathway at higher energies. The calculated ionization energy of YC is 6.00 eV, while the adiabatic electron affinity is 0.95 eV at the MRSDCI level. The computed ionization energy of YC and dissociation energy of YC+ confirm the revised experimental estimates provided by Seivers although direct experimental measurements yielded results with greater errors due to uncertainty in collisional cross sections for YC+ formation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 22 AR 224305 DI 10.1063/1.2743015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178VE UT WOS:000247247400017 PM 17581052 ER PT J AU Yang, H AF Yang, Haw TI Single-particle light scattering: Imaging and dynamical fluctuations in the polarization and spectral response SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANORODS; MOLECULE MEASUREMENTS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ORIENTATION; ABSORPTION; MICROSCOPY; SHAPE; NANOSPHERES AB A theoretical framework for light scattering from individual nanoscale particles or structures is developed. The main considerations distinguishing the present treatment from the theories developed for conventional light-scattering experiments are the experimental requirements for the detection of the limited light from a single scatterer. These requirements include use of a high numerical aperture microscope objective, annular illumination, and the reduced linear dichroism instead of depolarization ratio. It is shown how these issues are considered in relating the microscopic polarizability tensor to the far-field experimental observables. The approach is further extended to include the dynamical response in the scattering polarization and spectrum and discussed in the context of the particle's rotational diffusion. For dynamic light scattering, analytical expressions are derived to elucidate the interrelationship between the experimental configuration, the observable, the polarizability tensor, and the diffusion tensor. Specific examples including static imaging and dynamic correlation for rodlike and spheroidal scatterers are discussed to illustrate the application of the theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hawyang@berkeley.edu OI Yang, Haw/0000-0003-0268-6352 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 4987 EP 4997 DI 10.1021/jp071129z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 175SJ UT WOS:000247034000014 PM 17508729 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Jordan, KD Taylor, CE AF Jiang, H. Jordan, K. D. Taylor, C. E. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of methane hydrate using polarizable force fields SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; LIQUID WATER; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; MODEL; ICE; VIBRATIONS; SPECTRA; PACKAGE AB Molecular dynamics simulations of methane hydrate have been carried out using the polarizable AMOEBA and COS/G2 force fields. Properties calculated include the temperature dependence of the lattice constant, the OC and OO radial distribution functions, and the vibrational spectra. Both the AMOEBA and COS/G2 force fields are found to successfully account for the available experimental data, with overall somewhat better agreement with experiment being found for the AMOEBA model. Comparison is made with previous results obtained using TIP4P and SPC/E effective two-body force fields and the polarizable TIP4P-FQ force field, which allows for in-plane polarization only. Significant differences are found between the properties calculated using the TIP4P-FQ model and those obtained using the other models, indicating an inadequacy of restricting explicit polarization to in-plane only. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Mol & Mat Simulat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Jordan, KD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI JIANG, HAO/C-3672-2008 OI JIANG, HAO/0000-0002-4363-0112 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 6486 EP 6492 DI 10.1021/jp068505k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175SK UT WOS:000247034100025 PM 17511493 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Guo, HB Gorin, A Guo, H AF Xu, Qin Guo, Haobo Gorin, Andrey Guo, Hong TI Stabilization of a transition-state analogue at the active site of yeast cytosine deaminase: Importance of proton transfers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SERINE-CARBOXYL PEPTIDASE; CANCER GENE-THERAPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; TETRAHEDRAL ADDUCT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENZYME CATALYSIS; TIGHT-BINDING; 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE AB It is believed that the binding of pyrimidin-2-one to cytosine deaminase (CD) leads to the formation of 4-[R]-hydroxyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine (DHP). Here the formation of transition-state analogue (TSA) at the active site of yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) is investigated by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy simulations. It is shown that DHP may in fact be unstable in the active site and a proton transfer from the Zn hydroxide group to Glu-64 may occur during the nucleophilic attack, leading to an alkoxide-like TSA complex instead. The free energy simulations for the nucleophilic attack process show that the proton transfer from the Zn hydroxide to Glu-64 may play an important role in stabilizing the TSA complex. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hguo1@utk.edu RI Guo, Hao-Bo/B-7486-2009; Guo, Hong/E-6357-2010; Xu, Qin/O-7310-2015 OI Guo, Hao-Bo/0000-0003-1321-1758; Xu, Qin/0000-0002-8346-9431 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 6501 EP 6506 DI 10.1021/jp0670743 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175SK UT WOS:000247034100027 PM 17506543 ER PT J AU Gu, X Bulusu, S Li, X Zeng, XC Li, J Gong, XG Wang, LS AF Gu, Xiao Bulusu, Satya Li, Xi Zeng, X. C. Li, Jun Gong, X. G. Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Au-34(-): A fluxional core-shell cluster SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; GOLD CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AU-N; CAGE; NANOCLUSTERS; POTENTIALS; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY AB Among the large Au-n(-) clusters for n > 20, the photoelectron spectra of Au-34(-) exhibit the largest energy gap (0.94 eV) with well-resolved spectral features, making it a good candidate for structural consideration in conjunction with theoretical studies. Extensive structural searches at several levels of density functional and ab initio theory revealed that the low-lying isomers of Au-34(-) can be characterized as fluxional core-shell type structures with 4 or 3 inner atoms and 30 or 31 outer atoms, i.e., Au-4@Au-30(-) and Au-3@Au-31(-), respectively. Detailed comparisons between theoretical and photoelectron results suggest that the most probable ground state structures of Au-34(-) are of the Au-4@Au-30(-) type. The 30 outer atoms seem to be disordered or fluxional, giving rise to a number of low-lying isomers with very close energies and simulated photoelectron spectra. The fluxional nature of the outer layer in large gold clusters or nanoparticles may have important implications for their remarkable catalytic activities. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 99354 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Zeng, XC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM xczeng@phase2.unl.edu; jun.li@pnl.gov; xggong@fugan.edu.cn; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; NR 49 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 8228 EP 8232 DI 10.1021/jp071960b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 175SL UT WOS:000247034200017 ER PT J AU Ketteler, G Yamamoto, S Bluhm, H Andersson, K Starr, DE Ogletree, DF Ogasawara, H Nilsson, A Salmeron, M AF Ketteler, Guido Yamamoto, Susumu Bluhm, Hendrik Andersson, Klas Starr, David E. Ogletree, D. Frank Ogasawara, Hirohito Nilsson, Anders Salmeron, Miquel TI The nature of water nucleation sites on TiO2(110) surfaces revealed by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RUTILE SURFACES; ADSORPTION; H2O; DEFECTS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at ambient conditions of pressure (up to 1.5 Torr) and temperature (265 K < T < 800 K) was used to study the adsorption of water on rutile TiO2(110) under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. It was found that OH groups in bridging positions, normally present in small amounts due to residual O-vacancies, act as nucleation sites for subsequent water adsorption. The adsorption enthalpy of water binding to these sites is similar to 70 kJ/mol, much stronger than that in the bulk liquid (45 kJ/mol). A model is proposed that relates the structure of the oxide surface to its hydrophilic character. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stockholm Univ, FYSIKUM, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Yamamoto, Susumu/C-1584-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009; OI Yamamoto, Susumu/0000-0002-6116-7993; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079; Andersson, Klas J./0000-0002-6064-5658 NR 27 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 14 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 8278 EP 8282 DI 10.1021/jp068606i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 175SL UT WOS:000247034200024 ER PT J AU Batley, JR Culling, AJ Kalmus, G Lazzeroni, C Munday, DJ Slater, MW Wotton, SA Arcidiacono, R Bocquet, G Cabibbo, N Ceccucci, A Cundy, D Falaleev, V Fidecaro, M Gatignon, L Gonidec, A Kubischta, W Norton, A Maier, A Patel, M Peters, A Balev, S Frabetti, PL Goudzovski, E Hristov, P Kekelidze, V Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Madigozhin, D Marinova, E Molokanova, N Polenkevich, I Potrebenikov, Y Stoynev, S Zinchenko, A Monnier, E Swallow, E Winston, R Rubin, P Walker, A Baldini, W Ramusino, AC Dalpiaz, P Damiani, C Fiorini, M Gianoli, A Martini, M Petrucci, F Savrie, M Scarpa, M Wahl, H Bizzeti, A Calvetti, M Celeghini, E Iacopini, E Lenti, M Martelli, F Ruggiero, G Veltri, M Behler, M Eppard, K Kleinknecht, K Marouelli, P Masetti, L Moosbrugger, U Morales, CM Renk, B Wache, M Wanke, R Winhart, A Coward, D Dabrowski, A Martin, TF Shieh, M Szleper, M Velasco, M Wood, MD Anzivino, G Cenci, P Imbergamo, E Nappi, A Pepe, M Petrucci, MC Piccini, M Raggi, M Valdata-Nappi, M Cerri, C Collazuol, G Costantini, F DiLella, L Doble, N Fantechi, R Fiorini, L Giudici, S Lamanna, G Mannelli, I Michetti, A Pierazzini, G Sozzi, M Bloch-Devaux, B Cheshkov, C Cheze, JB De Beer, M Derre, J Marel, G Mazzucato, E Peyaud, B Vallage, B Holder, M Ziolkowski, M Bifani, S Biino, C Cartiglia, N Clemencic, M Lopez, SG Marchetto, F Dibon, H Jeitler, M Markytan, M Mikulec, I Neuhofer, G Widhalm, L AF Batley, J. R. Culling, A. J. Kalmus, G. Lazzeroni, C. Munday, D. J. Slater, M. W. Wotton, S. A. Arcidiacono, R. Bocquet, G. Cabibbo, N. Ceccucci, A. Cundy, D. Falaleev, V. Fidecaro, M. Gatignon, L. Gonidec, A. Kubischta, W. Norton, A. Maier, A. Patel, M. Peters, A. Balev, S. Frabetti, P. L. Goudzovski, E. Hristov, P. Kekelidze, V. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Madigozhin, D. Marinova, E. Molokanova, N. Polenkevich, I. Potrebenikov, Yu. Stoynev, S. Zinchenko, A. Monnier, E. Swallow, E. Winston, R. Rubin, P. Walker, A. Baldini, W. Ramusino, A. Cotta Dalpiaz, P. Damiani, C. Fiorini, M. Gianoli, A. Martini, M. Petrucci, F. Savrie, M. Scarpa, M. Wahl, H. Bizzeti, A. Calvetti, M. Celeghini, E. Iacopini, E. Lenti, M. Martelli, F. Ruggiero, G. Veltri, M. Behler, M. Eppard, K. Kleinknecht, K. Marouelli, P. Masetti, L. Moosbrugger, U. Morales, C. Morales Renk, B. Wache, M. Wanke, R. Winhart, A. Coward, D. Dabrowski, A. Martin, T. Fonseca Shieh, M. Szleper, M. Velasco, M. Wood, M. D. Anzivino, G. Cenci, P. Imbergamo, E. Nappi, A. Pepe, M. Petrucci, M. C. Piccini, M. Raggi, M. Valdata-Nappi, M. Cerri, C. Collazuol, G. Costantini, F. DiLella, L. Doble, N. Fantechi, R. Fiorini, L. Giudici, S. Lamanna, G. Mannelli, I. Michetti, A. Pierazzini, G. Sozzi, M. Bloch-Devaux, B. Cheshkov, C. Cheze, J. B. De Beer, M. Derre, J. Marel, G. Mazzucato, E. Peyaud, B. Vallage, B. Holder, M. Ziolkowski, M. Bifani, S. Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Clemencic, M. Lopez, S. Goy Marchetto, F. Dibon, H. Jeitler, M. Markytan, M. Mikulec, I. Neuhofer, G. Widhalm, L. CA NA48 2 Collaboration TI Measurement of the Dalitz plot slope parameters of the K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(+)pi(-) decay SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DIRECT CP-VIOLATION; DETECTOR; SEARCH; BEAM; NA48 AB The distribution of the K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(+)pi(-) decays in the Dalitz plot has been measured by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS with a sample of 4.71 x 10(8) fully reconstructed events. With the standard Particle Data Group parameterization the following values of the slope parameters were obtained: g = (-21.134 +/- 0.017)%, h= (1.848 +/- 0.040)%, k = (-0.463 +/- 0.014)%. The quality and statistical accuracy of the data have allowed an improvement in precision by more than an order of magnitude, and are such as to warrant a more elaborate theoretical treatment, including pion-pion rescattering, which is in preparation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60126 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Sez INFN Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Sez INFN Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Sez INFN Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Sez INFN Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Sez INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-10560 Vienna, Austria. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. Univ Modena, Ist Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Goudzovski, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM goudzovs@mail.cern.ch RI Cenci, Patrizia/A-4071-2012; Collazuol, Gianmaria/C-5670-2012; Fiorini, Massimiliano/A-5354-2015; Martelli, Filippo/P-4041-2015; Gianoli, Alberto/H-5544-2015; Piccini, Mauro/G-7163-2012; Sozzi, Marco/H-1674-2011; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012 OI Collazuol, Gianmaria/0000-0002-7876-6124; Fiorini, Massimiliano/0000-0001-6559-2084; Martelli, Filippo/0000-0003-3761-8616; Gianoli, Alberto/0000-0002-2456-8667; Anzivino, Giuseppina/0000-0002-5967-0952; Bloch-Devaux, Brigitte/0000-0002-2463-1232; Sozzi, Marco/0000-0002-2923-1465; NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 5-6 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.044 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 180UE UT WOS:000247390800002 ER PT J AU Adare, A Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Bataineh, H Alexander, J Al-Jamel, A Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Asai, J Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Baksay, G Baksay, L Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bennett, R Berdnikov, Y Bickley, AA Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Boyle, K Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Campbell, S Chai, JS Chang, BS Charvet, JL Chernichenko, S Chiba, J Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Chujo, T Chung, P Churyn, A Cianciolo, V Cleven, CR Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Dahms, T Das, K David, G Deaton, MB Dehmelt, K Delagrange, H Denisov, A d'Enterria, D Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dion, A Donadelli, M Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Dubey, AK Durum, A Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J Ellinghaus, F Emam, WS Enokizono, A En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Eyser, KO Fields, DE Finger, M Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Forestier, B Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fujiwara, K Fukao, Y Fung, SY Fusayasu, T Gadrat, S Garishvili, I Gastineau, F Germain, M Glenn, A Gong, H Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Henni, AH Haegemann, C Haggerty, JS Hagiwara, MN Hamagaki, H Han, R Harada, H Hartouni, EP Haruna, K Harvey, M Haslum, E Hasuko, K Hayano, R Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Hester, T Heuser, JM He, X Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Hohlmann, M Holmes, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Horaguchi, T Hornback, D Hur, MG Ichihara, T Imai, K Inaba, M Inoue, Y Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kamin, J Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kanou, H Kawagishi, T Kawall, D Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, YS Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klay, J Klein-Boesing, C Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kral, A Kravitz, A Kroon, PJ Kubart, J Kunde, GJ Kurihara, N Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lai, YS Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Le Bornec, Y Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, MK Lee, T Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Lenzi, B Lim, H Liska, T Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Li, X Li, XH Love, B Lynch, D Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mao, Y Masek, L Masui, H Matathias, F McCain, MC McCumber, M McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Mikes, P Miki, K Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mishra, M Mitchell, JT Mitrovski, M Morreale, A Morrison, DP Moss, JM Moukhanova, TV Mukhopadhyay, D Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagata, Y Nagle, JL Naglis, M Nakagawa, I Nakamiya, Y Nakamura, T Nakano, K Newby, J Nguyen, M Norman, BE Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Oda, SX Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oka, M Omiwade, OO Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Ouchida, M Ozawa, K Pak, R Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SFP Pei, H Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qu, H Rak, J Rakotozafindrabe, A Ravinovich, I Read, KF Rembeczki, S Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukoyatkin, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Sakata, H Samsonov, V Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Seele, J Seidl, R Semenov, V Seto, R Sharma, D Shea, TK Shein, I Shevel, A Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Shohjoh, T Shoji, K Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Silvestre, C Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Skutnik, S Slunecka, M Smith, WC Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Suire, C Sullivan, JP Sziklai, J Tabaru, T Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Toia, A Tojo, J Tomasek, L Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Vale, C Valle, H van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Vertesi, R Vinogradov, AA Virius, M Vrba, V Vznuzdaev, E Wagner, M Walker, D Wang, XR Watanabe, Y Wessels, J White, SN Willis, N Winter, D Woody, CL Wysocki, M Xie, W Yamaguchi, Y Yanovich, A Yasin, Z Ying, J Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L AF Adare, A. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Bataineh, H. Alexander, J. Al-Jamel, A. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Asai, J. Atomssa, E. T. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Baksay, G. Baksay, L. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bennett, R. Berdnikov, Y. Bickley, A. A. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Campbell, S. Chai, J.-S. Chang, B. S. Charvet, J.-L. Chernichenko, S. Chiba, J. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Chujo, T. Chung, P. Churyn, A. Cianciolo, V. Cleven, C. R. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csoergo, T. Dahms, T. Das, K. David, G. Deaton, M. B. Dehmelt, K. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. d'Enterria, D. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Donadelli, M. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Dubey, A. K. Durum, A. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. Egdemir, J. Ellinghaus, F. Emam, W. S. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Eyser, K. O. Fields, D. E. Finger, M. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Forestier, B. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fujiwara, K. Fukao, Y. Fung, S.-Y Fusayasu, T. Gadrat, S. Garishvili, I. Gastineau, F. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gong, H. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gunji, T. Gustafsson, H. A. Hachiya, T. Henni, A. Hadj Haegemann, C. Haggerty, J. S. Hagiwara, M. N. Hamagaki, H. Han, R. Harada, H. Hartouni, E. P. Haruna, K. Harvey, M. Haslum, E. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Hester, T. Heuser, J. M. He, X. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Hohlmann, M. Holmes, M. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Horaguchi, T. Hornback, D. Hur, M. G. Ichihara, T. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inoue, Y. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jin, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kamin, J. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Kanou, H. Kawagishi, T. Kawall, D. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, Y-S. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klay, J. Klein-Boesing, C. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kral, A. Kravitz, A. Kroon, P. J. Kubart, J. Kunde, G. J. Kurihara, N. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lai, Y-S. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Le Bornec, Y. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Lee, M. K. Lee, T. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Lenzi, B. Lim, H. Liska, T. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Li, X. Li, X. H. Love, B. Lynch, D. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Malik, M. D. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Masek, L. Masui, H. Matathias, F. McCain, M. C. McCumber, M. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Mikes, P. Miki, K. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mishra, M. Mitchell, J. T. Mitrovski, M. Morreale, A. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Moukhanova, T. V. Mukhopadhyay, D. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagata, Y. Nagle, J. L. Naglis, M. Nakagawa, I. Nakamiya, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Newby, J. Nguyen, M. Norman, B. E. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Oda, S. X. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Oka, M. Omiwade, O. O. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Ouchida, M. Ozawa, K. Pak, R. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Peng, J.-C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Peressounko, D. Yu. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qu, H. Rak, J. Rakotozafindrabe, A. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Rembeczki, S. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rukoyatkin, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Sahlmueller, B. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Sakata, H. Samsonov, V. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Sharma, D. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shevel, A. Shibata, T.-A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Shohjoh, T. Shoji, K. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Silvestre, C. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Skutnik, S. Slunecka, M. Smith, W. C. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Suire, C. Sullivan, J. P. Sziklai, J. Tabaru, T. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tojo, J. Tomasek, L. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V.-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Vale, C. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Vertesi, R. Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Walker, D. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Willis, N. Winter, D. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. Yanovich, A. Yasin, Z. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. CA Phenix Collaboration TI Correlated production of p and (p)over-bar in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HIGH TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM; INCLUSIVE PROCESSES; HADRON SPECTRA AB Correlations between p and (p) over bar at transverse momenta typical of enhanced baryon production in Au + Au collisions are reported. The PHENIX experiment has measured same and opposite sign baryon pairs in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. Correlated production of p and p with the trigger particle from the range 2.5 < p(T) < 4.0 GeV/c and the associated particle with 1.8 < p(T) < 2.5 GeV/c is observed to be nearly independent of the centrality of the collisions. Same sign pairs show no correlation at any centrality. The conditional yield of mesons triggered by baryons (and anti-baryons) and mesons in the same p(T) range rises with increasing centrality, except for the most central collisions, where baryons show a significantly smaller number of associated mesons. These data are consistent with a picture in which hard scattered partons produce correlated p and (p) over bar in the p(T) region of the baryon excess. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Czech Tech Univ, Prague 16636 6, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, IHEP Protvino, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Johnson, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM brant@bnl.gov; zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; YANG, BOGEUM/I-8251-2012; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 5-6 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.029 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 180UE UT WOS:000247390800003 ER PT J AU Singhal, M Resat, H AF Singhal, Mudita Resat, Haluk TI A domain-based approach to predict protein-protein interactions SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; INTERACTION NETWORK; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST; COMPLEXES; DATABASE; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; INTERFACES; PATTERNS AB Background: Knowing which proteins exist in a certain organism or cell type and how these proteins interact with each other are necessary for the understanding of biological processes at the whole cell level. The determination of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks has been the subject of extensive research. Despite the development of reasonably successful methods, serious technical difficulties still exist. In this paper we present DomainGA, a quantitative computational approach that uses the information about the domain-domain interactions to predict the interactions between proteins. Results: DomainGA is a multi-parameter optimization method in which the available PPI information is used to derive a quantitative scoring scheme for the domain-domain pairs. Obtained domain interaction scores are then used to predict whether a pair of proteins interacts. Using the yeast PPI data and a series of tests, we show the robustness and insensitivity of the DomainGA method to the selection of the parameter sets, score ranges, and detection rules. Our DomainGA method achieves very high explanation ratios for the positive and negative PPIs in yeast. Based on our cross-verification tests on human PPIs, comparison of the optimized scores with the structurally observed domain interactions obtained from the iPFAM database, and sensitivity and specificity analysis; we conclude that our DomainGA method shows great promise to be applicable across multiple organisms. Conclusion: We envision the DomainGA as a first step of a multiple tier approach to constructing organism specific PPIs. As it is based on fundamental structural information, the DomainGA approach can be used to create potential PPIs and the accuracy of the constructed interaction template can be further improved using complementary methods. Explanation ratios obtained in the reported test case studies clearly show that the false prediction rates of the template networks constructed using the DomainGA scores are reasonably low, and the erroneous predictions can be filtered further using supplementary approaches such as those based on literature search or other prediction methods. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, PO Box 999,MS K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mudita.singhal@pnl.gov; haluk.resat@pnl.gov NR 56 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 199 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-199 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 191KI UT WOS:000248129700002 PM 17567909 ER PT J AU Yu, HG AF Yu, Hua-Gen TI Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of photodetachment reaction of cyclopentoxide SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKOXY RADICALS; CHEMISTRY; CONSTANTS; ENERGY AB The photodetachment process of cyclopentoxide (cyc-C5H9O-) has been studied using a direct ab initio molecular dynamics method with the HCTH/6-31G(d) DFT theory. The ring-opening reaction of photodetached product cyclopentoxy (cyc-C5H9O) to the 5-oxo-pentan-1-yl radical is mainly addressed. The lifetime of cyclopentoxy is predicted to be 3.05 +/- 0.07 ps. The photoelectron kinetic energy spectrum of cyc-C5H9O- is approximately simulated by using a simple reflection approach and a post passive scheme for including the nuclear dynamics effects, which is made to compare with experimental results. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 441 IS 1-3 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.079 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 179LG UT WOS:000247290500004 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, Krishnan TI Rovibronic symmetry and nuclear spin analysis of octanitrocubane SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; AB-INITIO; CUBANE; NITROCUBANES; DENSITY; POLYNITROCUBANES; STATISTICS; TETRANITROCUBANE; PREDICTION AB Octanitrocubane is shown to possess interesting nuclear spin statistics and rovibronic level patterns in its equilibrium chiral (D-4) symmetry both due to O-17 and N-14 nuclear spin species. The populations and distributions of rovibronic levels will be influenced by the chiral symmetry and the nuclear spin species and spin statistical weights due to O-17, N-14 and C-13 species. We have computed the nuclear spin species and spin statistics and correlations of the rovibronic levels and spin species in different symmetries. Our predicted results could aid in the interpretation of O-17 dynamic NMR, vibronic and rovibronic spectra of gas-phase octanitrocubane. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 441 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.083 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 179LG UT WOS:000247290500006 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Penner, JE Das, BY Bergmann, D Rodriguez, JM Strahan, S Wang, MH Feng, Y AF Liu, Xiaohong Penner, Joyce E. Das, Bigyani Bergmann, Dan Rodriguez, Jose M. Strahan, Susan Wang, Minghuai Feng, Yan TI Uncertainties in global aerosol simulations: Assessment using three meteorological data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; CLOUD LIQUID WATER; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; BLACK CARBON; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB [1] Current global aerosol models use different physical and chemical schemes and parameters, different meteorological fields, and often different emission sources. Since the physical and chemical parameterization schemes are often tuned to obtain results that are consistent with observations, it is difficult to assess the true uncertainty due to meteorology alone. Under the framework of the NASA global modeling initiative (GMI), the differences and uncertainties in aerosol simulations ( for sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, dust, and sea salt) solely due to different meteorological fields are analyzed and quantified. Three meteorological data sets available from the NASA Goddard Data Assimilation Office (DAO) general circulation model (GCM), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM, version II' and the NASA Goddard Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), finite-volume GCM (FVGCM) are used to drive the same aerosol model. The global sulfate and mineral dust burdens with FVGCM fields are 40% and 20% less than those with DAO and GISS fields, respectively, due to its larger precipitation. Meanwhile, the sea salt burden predicted with FVGCM fields is 56% and 43% higher than those with DAO and GISS, respectively, due to its stronger convection especially over the Southern Hemispheric Ocean. Sulfate concentrations at the surface in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics and in the middle to upper troposphere differ by a factor of 3 between the three meteorological data sets. The agreement between model calculated and observed aerosol concentrations in the surface source regions is similar for all three meteorological data sets. Away from the source regions, however, the comparisons with observations differ greatly for DAO, FVGCM, and GISS, and the performance of the model using different meteorological data sets varies depending on the site and the compared species. Sensitivity simulations with the NASA GEOS-4 assimilated fields show that the interannual variability of aerosol concentrations can be higher than a factor of 2 depending on the location and season, which is generally, however, smaller than the differences due to using different meteorological data sets. Global annual average aerosol optical depth at 550 nm is 0.120 - 0.131 for the three meteorological data sets. However, the contributions from different aerosol components to this total optical depth differ significantly, which reflects differences in the aerosol spatial distributions. The global annual average anthropogenic and all-sky aerosol direct forcing at the top-of-the atmosphere is estimated to be - 0.75, - 0.35, and - 0.40 W m(-2) for DAO, FVGCM, and GISS fields, respectively. Regional differences can be much larger ( by a factor of 4 - 5) in the tropics over the ocean and in the polar regions. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 3200 Q Ave,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaohong.liu@pnl.gov RI Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Das, Bigyani/P-4064-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011 OI Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X NR 131 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D11 AR D11212 DI 10.1029/2006JD008216 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180MQ UT WOS:000247369200010 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Stewart, IT Bonfils, C Duffy, PB Cayan, D AF Maurer, E. P. Stewart, I. T. Bonfils, C. Duffy, P. B. Cayan, D. TI Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER-RESOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; HYDROLOGIC CONSEQUENCES; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; SNOWMELT; PRECIPITATION AB [1] Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural ( internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada ( CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by "center timing'' (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify the natural variability in CT trends. Estimated 50-year trends in CT due to natural climate variability often exceed estimated actual CT trends from 1950 to 1999. Thus, although observed trends in CT to date may be statistically significant, they cannot yet be statistically attributed to external influences on climate. We estimate that projected CT changes at the four major reservoir inflows will, with 90% confidence, exceed those from natural variability within 1 - 4 decades or 4 - 8 decades, depending on rates of future greenhouse gas emissions. To identify areas most likely to exhibit CT changes in response to rising temperatures, we calculate changes in CT under temperature increases from 1 to 5 degrees. We find that areas with average winter temperatures between -2 degrees C and -4 degrees C are most likely to respond with significant CT shifts. Correspondingly, elevations from 2000 to 2800 m are most sensitive to temperature increases, with CT changes exceeding 45 days ( earlier) relative to 1961 - 1990. C1 Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Environm Studies Program, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu; istewartfrey@scu.edu; bonfils2@mail.llnl.gov; pduffy@llnl.gov; dcayan@ucsd.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D11 AR D11118 DI 10.1029/2006JD008088 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180MQ UT WOS:000247369200009 ER PT J AU Frankel, KL Brantley, KS Dolan, JF Finkel, RC Klinger, RE Knott, JR Machette, MN Owen, LA Phillips, FM Slate, JL Wernicke, BP AF Frankel, Kurt L. Brantley, Katherine S. Dolan, James F. Finkel, Robert C. Klinger, Ralph E. Knott, Jeffrey R. Machette, Michael N. Owen, Lewis A. Phillips, Fred M. Slate, Janet L. Wernicke, Brian P. TI Cosmogenic Be-10 and Cl-36 geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: Implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; OWENS-VALLEY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; SLIP RATES; DISPLACEMENT VARIATION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; FLUVIAL TERRACES; YUCCA MOUNTAIN AB [1] The northern Death Valley fault zone (NDVFZ) has long been recognized as a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). However, its geologic slip rate has been difficult to determine. Using high-resolution digital topographic imagery and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating, we present the first geochronologically determined slip rate for the NDVFZ. Our study focuses on the Red Wall Canyon alluvial fan, which exposes clean dextral offsets of seven channels. Analysis of airborne laser swath mapping data indicates similar to 297 +/- 9 m of right-lateral displacement on the fault system since the late Pleistocene. In situ terrestrial cosmogenic Be-10 and Cl-36 geochronology was used to date the Red Wall Canyon fan and a second, correlative fan also cut by the fault. Beryllium 10 dates from large cobbles and boulders provide a maximum age of 70 + 22/-20 ka for the offset landforms. The minimum age of the alluvial fan deposits based on Cl-36 depth profiles is 63 +/- 8 ka. Combining the offset measurement with the cosmogenic Be-10 date yields a geologic fault slip rate of 4.2 + 1.9/-1.1 mm yr(-1), whereas the Cl-36 data indicate 4.7 + 0.9/-0.6 mm yr(-1) of slip. Summing these slip rates with known rates on the Owens Valley, Hunter Mountain, and Stateline faults at similar latitudes suggests a total geologic slip rate across the northern ECSZ of similar to 8.5 to 10 mm yr(-1). This rate is commensurate with the overall geodetic rate and implies that the apparent discrepancy between geologic and geodetic data observed in the Mojave section of the ECSZ does not extend north of the Garlock fault. Although the overall geodetic rates are similar, the best estimates based on geology predict higher strain rates in the eastern part of the ECSZ than to the west, whereas the observed geodetic strain is relatively constant. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Frankel, KL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kfrankel@usc.edu; kathy@alumni.caltech.edu; dolan@usc.edu; finkel1@llnl.gov; rklinger@do.usbr.gov; jknott@fullerton.edu; machette@usgs.gov; lewis.owen@uc.edu; phillips@nmt.edu; jslate@usgs.gov; brian@gps.caltech.edu NR 103 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B6 AR B06407 DI 10.1029/2006JB004350 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 180NE UT WOS:000247370900001 ER PT J AU Borg, AL Ostgaard, N Pedersen, A Oieroset, M Phan, TD Germany, G Aasnes, A Lewis, W Stadsnes, J Lucek, EA Reme, H Mouikis, C AF Borg, A. L. Ostgaard, N. Pedersen, A. Oieroset, M. Phan, T. D. Germany, G. Aasnes, A. Lewis, W. Stadsnes, J. Lucek, E. A. Reme, H. Mouikis, C. TI Simultaneous observations of magnetotail reconnection and bright X-ray aurora on 2 October 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT SHEET STRUCTURE; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA SHEET; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; POYNTING FLUX; NORTHWARD IMF; CLUSTER; CUSP; PRECIPITATION AB [1] We present simultaneous Cluster and Polar X-ray and UVI observations on 2 October 2002, when Cluster observed a magnetic reconnection diffusion region at Xgse = - 16.6 Re. At the same time a bright auroral feature appeared at the footpoint of the magnetic field line connecting the ionosphere and the diffusion region. However, we found that the electrons measured in the diffusion region by Cluster were not sufficiently accelerated by the reconnection process to produce the aurora X-ray fluxes measured by Polar. The DMSP F14 passed over the intense X-ray spot and showed that the X rays ( and the fainter UV) were produced by electrons accelerated through a similar to 30 kV potential drop. The coincidence in time and the fact that this inverted-V is very close to the open-closed field line boundary suggest that the inverted-V structure are produced by flow shears that could be related to the reconnection process. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Astron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, Space Res & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BZ, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Borg, AL (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM a.l.borg@fys.uio.no NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06215 DI 10.1029/2006JA011913 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 180NI UT WOS:000247371300001 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Martin, RL AF Batista, Enrique R. Martin, Richard L. TI Electron localization in the ground state of the ruthenium blue dimer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB The electronic structure of the ruthenium blue dimer was studied with hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and complete action space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. Hybrid DFT was found to overestimate the stability of the lowest triplet which leads to predicting this state as the ground state. However, CASSCF gives a singlet ground state in agreement with experiment. The density of the CASSCF ground state is in good agreement with the broken symmetry state obtained from DFT. These two results lead to the interpretation that the ground state of the ruthenium blue dimer is a partially localized antiferromagnetically coupled singlet state that lies three-quarters of the way toward the weak coupling limit. The electrons were found to localize in the d(pi) manifold. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM erb@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 23 BP 7224 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0712773 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176GH UT WOS:000247072300009 PM 17516645 ER PT J AU Kim, W Ng, JK Kunitake, ME Conklin, BR Yang, PD AF Kim, Woong Ng, Jennifer K. Kunitake, Miki E. Conklin, Bruce R. Yang, Peidong TI Interfacing silicon nanowires with mammalian cells SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; NEAR-INFRARED AGENTS; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; DELIVERY; ARRAYS; DNA; NANOCRYSTALS AB We present the first demonstration of a direct interface of silicon nanowires with mammalian cells such as mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells without any external force. The cells were cultured on a silicon (Si) substrate with a vertically aligned SiNW array on it. The penetration of the SiNW array into individual cells naturally occurred during the incubation. The cells survived up to several days on the nanowire substrates. The longevity of the cells was highly dependent on the diameter of SiNWs. Furthermore, successful maintenance of cardiac myocytes derived from mES cells on the wire array substrates was observed, and gene delivery using the SiNW array was demonstrated. Our results suggest that the nanowires can be potentially utilized as a powerful tool for studying intra- and intercellular biological processes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Mol Foundry & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Conklin, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Mol Foundry & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bconklin@gladstone.ucsf.edu; p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Kim, Woong/C-7067-2009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL60664, HL66621] NR 14 TC 289 Z9 291 U1 7 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 23 BP 7228 EP + DI 10.1021/ja071456k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176GH UT WOS:000247072300011 PM 17516647 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Zhou, J Wu, XZ Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Yanfa Zhou, J. Wu, X. Z. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. TI Structural instability of Sn-doped In2O3 thin films during thermal annealing at low temperature SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE In2O3; thermal annealing; instability; TEM ID GAS SENSORS; TIN; STABILITY; TRANSPARENT AB We report on observations of structural stability of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films during thermal annealing at low temperature. The ITO thin films were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the as-deposited ITO thin films are nanocrystalline. After thermal annealing in a He atmosphere at 250 degrees C for 30 min, recrystallization, coalescence, and agglomeration of grains were observed. We further found that nanovoids formed in the annealed ITO thin films. The majority of the nanovoids are distributed along the locations of the original grain boundaries. These nanovoids divide the agglomerated larger grains into small coherent domains. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yanfa_yan@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 17 BP 6686 EP 6690 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.01.040 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 174NA UT WOS:000246947800007 ER PT J AU Leu, LC Norton, DP Jellison, GE Selvamanickam, V Xiong, X AF Leu, L. C. Norton, D. P. Jellison, G. E., Jr. Selvamanickam, V. Xiong, X. TI Optical and dielectric properties of CuAl2O4 films synthesized by solid-phase epitaxy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE CuAl2O4; solid-phase epitaxy; spinel; dielectrics; oxide ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPINEL OXIDES; ALUMINATE; BATTERIES; LITI2O4 AB The synthesis and properties of CuAl2O4 thin films have been examined. The CuAl2O4 films were deposited via reactive direct current magnetron sputter using a CuAl2 target. As-deposited films were amorphous. Post-deposition annealing at high temperature in oxygen yielded solid-phase epitaxy on MgO. The film orientation was cube-on-cube epitaxy on (001) MgO single-crystal substrates. The films were transparent to visible light. The band gap of crystalline CuAl2O4 was determined to be similar to 4 eV using a Tauc plot from the optical transmission spectrum. The dielectric constant of the amorphous films was determined to be similar to 20-23 at 1-100 kHz. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IGC Super Power LLC, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 17 BP 6938 EP 6942 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.012 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 174NA UT WOS:000246947800045 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, T Phok, S Bhattacharya, R AF Chaudhuri, Tapas Phok, Sovannary Bhattacharya, Raghu TI Pulsed-laser deposition of textured cerium oxide thin films on glass substrates at room temperature SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE cerium oxides; pulsed-laser deposition; atomic force microscopy; X-ray diffraction ID CEO2 FILMS; EPITAXIAL CEO2; BUFFER LAYERS; GROWTH; SI(111); TAPES; SI AB Cerium oxide thin films are deposited on glass by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The effects of ambient gas, rate of deposition and fluence on growth of films have been studied. The films grown in forming gas and with a high rate of deposition are polycrystalline and show preferential orientation along 011 direction with a roughness of similar to 2 nm. Films prepared in oxygen have low crystallinity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 17 BP 6971 EP 6974 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.01.053 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 174NA UT WOS:000246947800051 ER PT J AU Nagatani, RA Gonzalez, A Shoichet, BK Brinen, LS Babbitt, PC AF Nagatani, Ray A. Gonzalez, Ana Shoichet, Brian K. Brinen, Linda S. Babbitt, Patricia C. TI Stability for function trade-offs in the enolase superfamily "Catalytic module" SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID O-SUCCINYLBENZOATE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN STABILITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DIVERGENT EVOLUTION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ALPHA-PROTONS; RACEMASE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Enzyme catalysis reflects a dynamic interplay between charged and polar active site residues that facilitate function, stabilize transition states, and maintain overall protein stability. Previous studies show that substituting neutral for charged residues in the active site often significantly stabilizes a protein, suggesting a stability trade-off for functionality. In the enolase superfamily, a set of conserved active site residues (the "catalytic module") has repeatedly been used in nature in the evolution of many different enzymes for the performance of unique overall reactions involving a chemically diverse set of substrates. This catalytic module provides a robust solution for catalysis that delivers the common underlying partial reaction that supports all of the different overall chemical reactions of the superfamily. As this module has been so broadly conserved in the evolution of new functions, we sought to investigate the extent to which it follows the stability-function trade-off. Alanine substitutions were made for individual residues, groups of residues, and the entire catalytic module of o-succinylbenzoate synthase (OSBS), a member of the enolase superfamily from Escherichia coli. Of six individual residue substitutions, four (K131A, D161A, E190A, and D213A) substantially increased protein stability (by 0.46-4.23 kcal/mol), broadly consistent with prediction of a stability-activity trade-off. The residue most conserved across the superfamily, E190, is by far the most destabilizing. When the individual substitutions were combined into groups (as they are structurally and functionally organized), nonadditive stability effects emerged, supporting previous observations that residues within the module interact as two functional groups within a larger catalytic system. Thus, whereas the multiple-mutant enzymes D161A/EI90A/D213A and K131A/KI33A/DI61A/ E190A/D213A/K235A (termed 3KDED) are stabilized relative to the wild-type enzyme (by 1.77 and 3.68 kcal/mol, respectively), the net stabilization achieved in both cases is much weaker than what would be predicted if their stability contributions were additive. Organization of the catalytic module into systems that mitigate the expected stability cost due to the presence of highly charged active site residues may help to explain its repeated use for the evolution of many different functions. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Babbitt, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, 1700 4th St,Byers Hall,Box 2550,Room 508E, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM babbitt@cgl.ucsf.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60595, GM63815] NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 6688 EP 6695 DI 10.1021/bi700507d PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 177GN UT WOS:000247141700002 PM 17503785 ER PT J AU Friedland, N Mack, TR Yu, MM Hung, LW Terwilliger, TC Waldo, GS Stock, AM AF Friedland, Natalia Mack, Timothy R. Yu, Minmin Hung, Li-Wei Terwilliger, Thomas C. Waldo, Geoffrey S. Stock, Ann M. TI Domain orientation in the inactive response regulator Mycobacterium tuberculosis MtrA provides a barrier to activation SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2-COMPONENT SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FIXJ RECEIVER DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS; PHOSPHATE REGULON; DNA-BINDING AB The structure of MtrA, an essential gene product for the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been solved to a resolution of 2.1 angstrom. MtrA is a member of the OmpR/PhoB family of response regulators and represents the fourth family member for which a structure of the protein in its inactive state has been determined. As is true for all OmpR/PhoB family members, MtrA possesses an N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain, with phosphorylation of the regulatory domain modulating the activity of the protein. In the inactive form of MtrA, these two domains form an extensive interface that is composed of the alpha 4-beta 5-alpha 5 face of the regulatory domain and the C-terminal end of the positioning helix, the trans-activation loop, and the recognition helix of the DNA-binding domain. This domain orientation suggests a mechanism of mutual inhibition by the two domains. Activation of MtrA would require a disruption of this interface to allow the alpha A-beta 5-alpha 5 face of the regulatory domain to form the intermolecule interactions that are associated with the active state and to allow the recognition helix to interact with DNA. Furthermore, the interface appears to stabilize the inactive conformation of MtrA, potentially reducing the rate of phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain. This combination of effects may form a switch, regulating the activity of MtrA. The domain orientation exhibited by MtrA also provides a rationale for the variation in linker length that is observed within the OmpR/PhoB family of response regulators. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stock, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stock@cabm.rutgers.edu RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Stock, Ann/0000-0002-0446-8079; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074946-04, R37 GM047958, R37 GM047958-12, R37 GM047958-13, R37 GM047958-14, R37GM047958, U54 GM074946, U54 GM074946-03] NR 60 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 6733 EP 6743 DI 10.1021/bi602546q PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 177GN UT WOS:000247141700006 PM 17511470 ER PT J AU Guo, XF Shechtman, D AF Guo, X. F. Shechtman, D. TI Reciprocating extrusion of rapidly solidified Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.6Ce-0.6Zr alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Advanced Forming and Die Manufacturing Technology CY SEP 04-06, 2006 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA DE wrought magnesium alloy; reciprocating extrusion; rapid solidification ID MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; SUPERPLASTICITY; STRENGTH; ECAP AB Mg-6.0%Zn-1.0%Y-0.6%Ce-0.6%Zr alloy was prepared by reciprocating extrusion (RE) from rapidly solidified (RS) comminuted ribbons. Tensile tests were performed at a strain rate of 4.0 x 10(-4) s(-1) and the engineering stress-strain curve contained two distinct yield regions. The first yield region had an upper and a lower yield point. Tensile yield strength of 336 MPa and elongation of 27% were achieved. The microstructures were analyzed with optical microscope, SEM and TEM. The average grain size of the matrix was similar to 1.2 mu m, and the dimension of the strengthening particles, homogeneously dispersed within the matrix, was similar to 50 am. The dimpled tensile fractures observed are characteristic of ductile fracture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Xian Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710048, Peoples R China. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, IL-30020 Haifa, Israel. RP Guo, XF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM guoxuef@gmail.com NR 13 TC 26 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 187 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.056 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 159WL UT WOS:000245898200142 ER PT J AU Lee, B Lo, CT Seifert, S Rago, NLD Winans, RE Thiyagarajan, P AF Lee, Byeongdu Lo, Chieh-Tsung Seifert, Soenke Rago, Nancy L. Dietz Winans, Randall E. Thiyagarajan, Pappannan TI Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering characterization of bulk block Copolymer/Nanoparticle composites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; FILMS; NANOCLUSTERS; GOLD; DIFFRACTION; PALLADIUM; MIXTURES; DOMAINS AB We demonstrate the versatility of anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) to investigate the morphology of bulk multicomponent composites comprising poly (stryrene-b- 2- vinylpyri dine) (PS-PVP) and An nanoparticles. Contrast variation near the L(3) absorption edge of Au enables the separation of the partial scattering functions of the polymer and nanoparticle phases. Theoretical and experimental methodologies developed for our ASAXS analysis of the composites will be useful for the investigation of other such multicomponent systems with heavy elements. This study shows that at 8.8% Au loading the An nanoparticles remain well dispersed in the lamellar polymer matrix, while at 27.0% Au loading the polymer morphology transforms to a hexagonal packed cylinder phase due to the change in the curvature caused by the higher concentration of the dispersed nanoparticles in the PS domain. In the case of 27.0% An nanocomposite we also observe strong concentration fluctuations of nanoparticles in the polymer phase, with a hierarchical structure containing mass fractal aggregates and particle -particle correlation as evidenced by the Q(-2.4) power law scattering in the low Q and a liquid-like peak at the high Q regions of the scattering signal from the nanoparticles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM blee@aps.anl.gov; thiyaga@ani.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4235 EP 4243 DI 10.1021/ma062916h PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 177FH UT WOS:000247138500023 ER PT J AU Torikachvili, MS Jia, S Mun, ED Hannahs, ST Black, RC Neils, WK Martien, D Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Torikachvili, M. S. Jia, S. Mun, E. D. Hannahs, S. T. Black, R. C. Neils, W. K. Martien, Dinesh Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Six closely related YbT2Zn20 (T = Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir) heavy fermion compounds with large local moment degeneracy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE correlated electron; intermetallic compound ID KADOWAKI-WOODS RELATION; LIQUID BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; RESISTIVITY; ELECTRON; YBBIPT AB Heavy fermion compounds represent one of the most strongly correlated forms of electronic matter and give rise to low temperature states that range from small moment ordering to exotic superconductivity, both of which are often in close proximity to quantum critical points. These strong electronic correlations are associated with the transfer of entropy from the local moment degrees of freedom to the conduction electrons, and, as such, are intimately related to the low temperature degeneracy of the (originally) moment bearing ion. Here we report the discovery of six closely related Yb-based heavy fermion compounds, YbT2Zn20, that are members of the larger family of dilute rare earth bearing compounds: RT2Zn20 (T = Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir). This discovery doubles the total number of Yb-based heavy fermion materials. Given these compounds' dilute nature, systematic changes in T only weakly perturb the Yb site and allow for insight into the effects of degeneracy on the thermodynamic and transport properties of these model correlated electron systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Quantum Design Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Canfield, PC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM canfield@ameslab.gov RI Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714; NR 23 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 24 BP 9960 EP 9963 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702757104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 180KW UT WOS:000247363000010 PM 17551012 ER PT J AU Raupach, MR Marland, G Ciais, P Le Quere, C Canadell, JG Klepper, G Field, CB AF Raupach, Michael R. Marland, Gregg Ciais, Philippe Le Quere, Corinne Canadell, Josep G. Klepper, Gernot Field, Christopher B. TI Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon intensity of economy; carbon intensity of energy; emissions scenarios; fossil fuels; Kaya identity ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENERGY AB CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning and industrial processes have been accelerating at a global scale, with their growth rate increasing from 1.1% y(-1) for 1990-1999 to >3% y(-1) for 2000-2004. The emissions growth rate since 2000 was greater than for the most fossil-fuel intensive of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions scenarios developed in the late 1990s. Global emissions growth since 2000 was driven by a cessation or reversal of earlier declining trends in the energy intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) (energy/GDP) and the carbon intensity of energy (emissions/energy), coupled with continuing increases in population and per-capita GDP. Nearly constant or slightly increasing trends in the carbon intensity of energy have been recently observed in both developed and developing regions. No region is decarbonizing its energy supply. The growth rate in emissions is strongest in rapidly developing economies, particularly China. Together, the developing and least-developed economies (forming 80% of the world's population) accounted for 73% of global emissions growth in 2004 but only 41 % of global emissions and only 23% of global cumulative emissions since the mid-18th century. The results have implications for global equity. C1 Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Kiel Inst World Econ, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Raupach, MR (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM michael.raupach@csiro.au RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 17 TC 726 Z9 748 U1 30 U2 278 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 24 BP 10288 EP 10293 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700609104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 180KW UT WOS:000247363000066 PM 17519334 ER PT J AU Barnes, TM Wu, X Zhou, J Duda, A van de Lagemaat, J Coutts, TJ Weeks, CL Britz, DA Glatkowski, P AF Barnes, T. M. Wu, X. Zhou, J. Duda, A. van de Lagemaat, J. Coutts, T. J. Weeks, C. L. Britz, D. A. Glatkowski, P. TI Single-wall carbon nanotube networks as a transparent back contact in CdTe solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE; PURIFICATION AB Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks form a highly transparent and electrically conductive thin film that can be used to replace traditional transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in a variety of applications. Here, the authors demonstrate their use as a transparent back contact in a near-infrared (NIR) transparent CdTe solar cell. SWCNT networks are hole-selective conductors and have a significantly greater NIR transparency than TCOs-qualities which could both make them very useful in tandem thin-film solar cells. SWCNT networks can be incorporated into single-junction CdTe devices and in CdTe top cells for mechanically stacked thin-film tandem devices, as described here. The best device efficiency using SWCNTs in the back contact was 12.4%, with 40%-50% transmission between 800 and 1500 nm. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Eikos Inc, Franklin, MA 02038 USA. RP Barnes, TM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM teresa_barnes@nrel.gov RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010; van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 243503 DI 10.1063/1.2748078 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400100 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Crone, BK AF Campbell, I. H. Crone, B. K. TI Energy barriers from ferromagnetic contacts to semiconducting polymers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; DEVICES; FILMS AB The authors present built-in potential, current-voltage (I-V), and electroluminescence-voltage (EL-V) measurements of as deposited and plasma oxidized ferromagnetic metal/polymer/Ca light-emitting diode structures. They specifically considered Co, Fe, Ni, and a Ni:Fe alloy in contact with poly[2-methoxy,5-(2(')-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] and poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene). Built-in potential measurements showed that the oxidized films had hole Schottky barriers corresponding closely to the pristine metal work function, whereas the as deposited films had barriers 0.65-0.95 eV larger. Plasma oxidation improved hole injection, consistent with the reduced energy barriers, as demonstrated by I-V and EL-V measurements. These results enable design of spin based organic electronic devices. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM campbell@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 242107 DI 10.1063/1.2748842 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400047 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Chakhalian, J Habermeier, HU Cristiani, G Keimer, B AF Freeland, J. W. Chakhalian, J. Habermeier, H.-U. Cristiani, G. Keimer, B. TI On magnetic interlayer coupling and proximity effect in a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (10 nm)/YBa2Cu3O7 (10 nm) superlattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRON AB The authors present a study of interlayer coupling and proximity effects in a La0.66Ca0.33MnO3 (10 nm)/YBa2Cu3O7 (10 nm) superlattice. Using element-sensitive x-ray probes, the magnetic state of Mn can be probed without seeing the strong diamagnetism of the superconductor, which makes this approach ideal to study changes in the magnetic properties across the superconducting transition. By a combined experiment using in situ transport measurements during polarized soft x-ray measurements, they were able to see no noticeable influence of the superconducting state on the magnetic properties and no evidence for magnetic coupling across a 10 nm YBa2Cu3O7 layer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70561 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM freeland@aps.anl.gov; jchakhal@uark.edu RI Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 242502 DI 10.1063/1.2747678 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400057 ER PT J AU Khan, A Kurtz, SR Prasad, S Johnston, SW Gou, JH AF Khan, Aurangzeb Kurtz, Sarah R. Prasad, S. Johnston, S. W. Gou, Jihua TI Correlation of nitrogen related traps in InGaAsN with solar cell properties SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The thermal annealing of nitrogen related traps in p-type InGaAsN and GaAsN is investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Upon annealing, an apparent recovery of the photovoltaic properties correlates with changes in the DLTS data observed for InGaAsN and GaAsN diodes and solar cells, revealing that a nitrogen related E1 (E-C-0.20 eV) center has an important role in governing the solar cell performance. The large electron capture cross section (similar to 8.9x10(-15) cm(2)) of this center indicates that this defect may act as an efficient recombination center. Therefore, its complete removal by annealing or by some other process is essential for the high performance of GaInAsN solar cells. The internal quantum efficiency data were modeled to quantify the change in material properties associated with this improvement upon annealing. Annealed cells with indium impurity (InGaAsN) show a slightly higher photoresponse, which could be due to low scattering caused by In-N pair formation after annealing. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM akhan@usouthal.edu NR 9 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 243509 DI 10.1063/1.2747664 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400106 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, L Henson, BF Sandstrom, MM Romero, JJ Asay, BW AF Smilowitz, L. Henson, B. F. Sandstrom, M. M. Romero, J. J. Asay, B. W. TI Laser synchronization of a thermal explosion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DELTA PHASE-TRANSITION; HMX; KINETICS AB The authors describe a method by which prompt ignition of thermal explosions is achieved. A convergent heating geometry is applied to a solid cylindrical explosive generating spatial temperature gradients which define a thermal ignition volume. A laser pulse is introduced via an optical fiber to apply a nonshock temperature perturbation in this volume seconds prior the normal ignition time. Explosion occurs hundreds of microseconds subsequent to this perturbation. They show that the subsequent explosive response is identical to that of a normal thermal explosion. This synchronization method enables fast radiographic imaging of nonlinear thermal explosion. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smilowitz, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smilo@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 244102 DI 10.1063/1.2747661 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400111 ER PT J AU Wongmaneerung, R Tan, X McCallum, RW Ananta, S Yimnirun, R AF Wongmaneerung, R. Tan, X. McCallum, R. W. Ananta, S. Yimnirun, R. TI Cation, dipole, and spin order in Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O-3-based magnetoelectric multiferroic compounds SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS AB Long range 1:1 cation order was developed in Pb(Fe2(1-x)/3Sc2x/3W1/3)O-3 solid solution compounds by high temperature solid state reaction. It is found that the degree of cation order directly influences the saturation magnetization in these single phase compounds. A high saturation magnetization (similar to 0.61 mu(B)/f.u.) was observed for x=0.15 at 10 K under 5 T. A ferrimagnetic structure was suggested to take into account for the observed magnetic behavior. These compounds also display a saturated electrical polarization of similar to 15 mu C/cm(2) at 40 kV/cm at 120 K. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Tan, X (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xtan@iastate.edu RI Tan, Xiaoli/C-3376-2013 OI Tan, Xiaoli/0000-0002-4182-663X NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 242905 DI 10.1063/1.2748098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400070 ER PT J AU Haller, LJL Kaltsoyannis, N Sarsfield, MJ May, I Cornet, SM Redmond, MP Helliwell, M AF Haller, L. Jonas L. Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas Sarsfield, Mark J. May, Iain Cornet, Stephanie M. Redmond, Michael P. Helliwell, Madeleine TI A structural and theoretical investigation of equatorial cis and trans uranyl phosphinimine and uranyl phosphine oxide complexes UO(2)Cl(2)(Cy(3)PNH)(2) and UO(2)Cl(2)(Cy(3)PO)(2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STATE METHOD; BOND; APPROXIMATION; ENERGIES; CHARGE; ORDER; METAL AB Phosphinimine ligands (Cy(3)PNH) readily react with UO(2)Cl(2)(THF)(3) (THF = tetrahydrofuran) to give UO(2)Cl(2)(Cy(3)PNH)(2), which contains strong U-N interactions and exists as cis and trans isomers in the solid and solution state. Solution NMR experiments and computational analysis both support the trans form as the major isomer in solution, although the cis isomer becomes more stabilized with an increase in the dielectric constant of the solvent. Mayer bond orders, energy decomposition analysis, and examination of the molecular orbitals and total electron densities support a more covalent bonding interaction in the U-NHPCy(3) bond compared with the analogous bond of the related U-OPCy(3) compounds. C1 UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H, England. British Technol Ctr, Nexia Solut, Seascale CA20 1PG, Cumbria, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan Isotope & Actinide Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Ctr Radiochem Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Kaltsoyannis, N (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H, England. EM n.kaltsoyannis@ucl.ac.uk; mark.sarsfield@nexiasolutions.com; iainmay@lanl.gov OI Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas/0000-0003-0293-5742 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4868 EP 4875 DI 10.1021/ic062031m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 173YG UT WOS:000246907800022 PM 17506548 ER PT J AU Dey, A Jeffrey, SP Darensbourg, M Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, Abhishek Jeffrey, Stephen P. Darensbourg, Marcetta Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI Sulfur K-edge XAS and DFT studies on Ni-II complexes with oxidized thiolate ligands: Implications for the roles of oxidized thiolates in the active sites of Fe and Co nitrile hydratase SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; METAL; SPECTROSCOPY; COVALENCY; PROBE; APPROXIMATION; COORDINATION AB S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy data on a series of Ni-II complexes with thiolate (RS-) and oxidized thiolate (RSO2-) ligands are used to quantify Ni-S bond covalency and its change upon ligand oxidation. Analyses of these results using geometry-optimized density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the Ni-S sigma bonds do not weaken on ligand oxidation. Molecular orbital analysis indicates that these oxidized thiolate ligands use filled high-lying S-O pi* orbitals for strong sigma donation. However, the RSO2- ligands are poor pi donors, as the orbital required for pi interaction is used in the S-O sigma-bond formation. The oxidation of the thiolate reduces the repulsion between electrons in the filled Ni t(2) orbital and the thiolate out-of-plane pi-donor orbital leading to shorter Ni-S bond length relative to that of the thiolate donor. The insights obtained from these results are relevant to the active sites of Fe- and Co-type nitrile hydratases (Nhase) that also have oxidized thiolate ligands. DFT calculations on models of the active site indicate that whereas the oxidation of these thiolates has a major effect in the axial ligand-binding affinity of the Fe-type Nhase (where there is both sigma and pi donation from the S ligands), it has only a limited effect on the sixth-ligand-binding affinity of the Co-type Nhases (where there is only sigma donation). These oxidized residues may also play a role in substrate binding and proton shuttling at the active site. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Edward.Solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Darensbourg, Marcetta/O-5093-2014 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Darensbourg, Marcetta/0000-0002-0070-2075 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209, P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-29]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM040392, R01 GM040392-21]; PHS HHS [040392] NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4989 EP 4996 DI 10.1021/ic070244l PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 173YG UT WOS:000246907800034 PM 17500514 ER PT J AU Carlson, CN Scott, BL Martin, RL Thompson, JD Morris, DE John, KD AF Carlson, Christin N. Scott, Brian L. Martin, Richard L. Thompson, Joe D. Morris, David E. John, Kevin D. TI Control of electronic and magnetic coupling via bridging ligand geometry in a bimetallic ytterbocene complex SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; GROUND-STATE; IMPROVED ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DELTA-E-1/2 VALUES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; MIXED-VALENCY; MONO-NUCLEAR; COORDINATION; EXCHANGE; SUBSTITUTION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morris, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys Appl Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM demorris@lanl.gov; kjohn@lanl.gov RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 5013 EP 5022 DI 10.1021/ic0702973 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 173YG UT WOS:000246907800036 PM 17497772 ER PT J AU Carson, JE Kildea, J Ong, RA Ball, J Bramel, DA Covault, CE Driscoll, D Fortin, P Gingrich, DM Hanna, DS Lindner, T Mueller, C Jarvis, A Mukherjee, R Ragan, K Scalzo, RA Williams, DA Zweerink, J AF Carson, J. E. Kildea, J. Ong, R. A. Ball, J. Bramel, D. A. Covault, C. E. Driscoll, D. Fortin, P. Gingrich, D. M. Hanna, D. S. Lindner, T. Mueller, C. Jarvis, A. Mukherjee, R. Ragan, K. Scalzo, R. A. Williams, D. A. Zweerink, J. TI The energy spectrum of the blazar Markarian 421 above 130 GeV SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL lacertae objects : individual (Markarian 421); galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations ID ACTIVE GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; SIMULTANEOUS X-RAY; STRONG FLARES; CRAB-NEBULA; TEV PHOTONS; STACEE; MKN-421; VARIABILITY; TELESCOPES; EVOLUTION AB Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) was the first blazar detected at gamma-ray energies above 300 GeV, and it remains one of only twelve TeV blazars detected to date. TeV gamma-ray measurements of its flaring activity and spectral variability have placed constraints on models of the high-energy emission from blazars. However, observations between 50 and 300 GeVare rare, and the high-energy peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED), predicted to be in this range, has never been directly detected. We present a detection of Mrk 421 above 100 GeV as made by the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE) during a multiwavelength campaign in early 2004. STACEE is a ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescope using the wave-front sampling technique to detect gamma rays at lower energies than achieved by most imaging Cherenkov telescopes. We also outline a method for reconstructing gamma-ray energies using a solar heliostat telescope. This technique was applied to the 2004 data, and we present the differential energy spectrum of Mrk 421 above 130 GeV. Assuming a differential photon flux dN/dE proportional to E-alpha , we measure a spectral index alpha = 2: 1 +/- 0: 2(stat) (+0.2)(-0.1sys). Finally, we discuss the STACEE spectrum in the context of the multiwavelength results from the same epoch. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Interact Brokers, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1086/516818 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400014 ER PT J AU Bringa, EM Kucheyev, SO Loeffler, MJ Baragiola, RA Tielens, AGGM Dai, ZR Graham, G Bajt, S Bradley, JP Dukes, CA Felter, TE Torres, DF van Breugel, W AF Bringa, E. M. Kucheyev, S. O. Loeffler, M. J. Baragiola, R. A. Tielens, A. G. G. M. Dai, Z. R. Graham, G. Bajt, S. Bradley, J. P. Dukes, C. A. Felter, T. E. Torres, D. F. van Breugel, W. TI Energetic processing of interstellar silicate grains by cosmic rays SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; dust; extinction ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CRYSTALLINE SILICATE; EVOLVED STARS; INFRARED GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ION IRRADIATION; TRACK FORMATION; SPECTRA; DISKS; RECOMBINATION AB While a significant fraction of silicate dust in stellar winds has a crystalline structure, in the interstellar medium nearly all of it is amorphous. One possible explanation for this observation is the amorphization of crystalline silicates by relatively " low'' energy, heavy- ion cosmic rays. Here we present the results of multiple laboratory experiments showing that single- crystal synthetic forsterite (Mg2SiO4) amorphizes when irradiated by 10 MeV Xe ions at large enough fluences. Using modeling, we extrapolate these results to show that 0.1-5.0 GeV heavy-ion cosmic rays can rapidly (similar to 70 Myr) amorphize crystalline silicate grains ejected by stars into the interstellar medium. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Virginia, Lab Atom & Surface Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ICREA, Inst Ciencies Espai, ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM ebringa@llnl.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Loeffler, Mark/C-9477-2012; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 63 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1086/517865 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400029 ER PT J AU Hansen, JF Robey, HF Klein, RI Miles, AR AF Hansen, J. F. Robey, H. F. Klein, R. I. Miles, A. R. TI Experiment on the mass stripping of an interstellar cloud following shock passage SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics methods : laboratory; shock waves; turbulence ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; GAS CLOUDS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; NOVA LASER; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; VISCOSITY; COLLAPSE; PLASMA AB The interaction of supernova shocks and interstellar clouds is an important astrophysical phenomenon which can lead to mass stripping (transfer of material from cloud to surrounding flow, " mass loading'' the flow) and possibly increase the compression in the cloud to high enough densities to trigger star formation. Our experiments attempt to simulate and quantify the mass stripping as it occurs when a shock passes through interstellar clouds. We drive a strong shock (and blast wave) using 5 kJ of the 30 kJ Omega laser into a cylinder filled with low-density foam with an embedded 120 mu m Al sphere simulating an interstellar cloud. The density ratio between Al and foam is similar to 9. Time-resolved X-ray radiographs show the cloud getting compressed by the shock (t approximate to 5 ns), undergoing a classical Kelvin-Helmholtz roll-up (12 ns) followed by a Widnall instability (30 ns), an inherently three-dimensional effect that breaks the two-dimensional symmetry of the experiment. Material is continuously being stripped from the cloud at a rate which is shown to be considerably larger than what is predicted by laminar models for mass stripping; the cloud is fully stripped by 80-100 ns, 10 times faster than the laminar model. We present a new model for turbulent mass stripping that agrees with the observed rate and that should scale to astrophysical conditions, which occur at even higher Reynolds numbers than the current experiment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hansen46@llnl.gov NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1086/514804 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400030 ER PT J AU Ferraro, NM AF Ferraro, Nathaniel M. TI Finite larmor radius effects on the magnetorotational instability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; instabilities; MHD; plasmas ID SHEAR INSTABILITY; LINEAR-ANALYSIS; DISKS; COLLISIONLESS; PLASMA; DISCS; FIELD AB The linear dispersion relation for the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is derived including finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects. In particular, the Braginskii form of the ion gyroviscosity, which represents the first-order FLR corrections to the two-fluid equations, is retained. It is shown that FLR effects are the most important effects in the limit of weak magnetic fields and are much more important than the Hall effect when beta(i) >> 1, where beta(i) is the ratio of the ion thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure. FLR effects may completely stabilize even MRI modes having wavelengths much greater than the ion Larmor radius. Some implications for astrophysical accretion disks are discussed. RP Ferraro, NM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Ferraro, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6348-7827 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 512 EP 516 DI 10.1086/517877 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400040 ER PT J AU Funk, S Hinton, JA Puhlhofer, G Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Reimer, O Wagner, S AF Funk, S. Hinton, J. A. Puehlhofer, G. Aharonian, F. A. Hofmann, W. Reimer, O. Wagner, S. TI XMM-Newton observations reveal the x-ray counterpart of the very high energy gamma-ray source hess J1640-465 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; ISM : individual (3EG J1639-4702; AX J1640.7-4632; G338.3-0.0; HESS J1640-465); supernova remnants; X-rays : general ID PULSAR WIND NEBULA; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; IGR J16393-4643; INNER GALAXY; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; BEAMS; RADIATION AB We present X-ray observations of the as of yet unidentified very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray source HESS J1640-465 with the aim of establishing a counterpart of this source in the keV energy range, and identifying the mechanism responsible for the VHE emission. The 21.8 ks XMM-Newton observation of HESS J1640-465 in 2005 September represents a significant improvement in sensitivity and angular resolution over previous ASCA studies in this region. These new data show a hard-spectrum X-ray-emitting object at the centroid of the H. E. S. S. source, within the shell of the radio supernova remnant (SNR) G338.3-0.0. This object is consistent with the position and flux previously measured by both ASCA and Swift XRT, but is now shown to be significantly extended. We argue that this object is very likely the counterpart to HESS J1640-465, and that both objects may represent the pulsar wind nebula of an as of yet undiscovered pulsar associated with G338.3-0.0. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Astroparticle Phys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. Stanford Univ, KIPAC, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1086/516567 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400041 ER PT J AU de Vries, WH Olivier, SS Asztalos, SJ Rosenberg, LJ Baker, KL AF de Vries, W. H. Olivier, S. S. Asztalos, S. J. Rosenberg, L. J. Baker, K. L. TI Image ellipticity from atmospheric aberrations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; gravitational lensing ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; WEAK LENSING MEASUREMENTS; SIMULATIONS; SHEAR AB We investigate the ellipticity of the point-spread function (PSF) produced by imaging an unresolved source with a telescope, subject to the effects of atmospheric turbulence. It is important to quantify these effects in order to understand the errors in shape measurements of astronomical objects, such as those used to study weak gravitational lensing of field galaxies. The PSF modeling involves either a Fourier transform of the phase information in the pupil plane or a ray-tracing approach, which has the advantage of requiring fewer computations than the Fourier transform. Using a standard method, involving the Gaussian-weighted second moments of intensity, we then calculate the ellipticity of the PSF patterns. We find significant ellipticity for the instantaneous patterns ( up to more than 10%). Longer exposures, which we approximate by combining multiple ( N) images from uncorrelated atmospheric realizations, yield progressively lower ellipticities ( as 1/root N). We also verify that the measured ellipticity does not depend on the sampling interval in the pupil plane using the Fourier method. However, we find that the results using the ray-tracing technique do depend on the pupil sampling interval, representing a gradual breakdown of the geometric approximation at high spatial frequencies. Therefore, ray tracing is generally not an accurate method of modeling PSF ellipticity induced by atmospheric turbulence unless some additional procedure is implemented to correctly account for the effects of high spatial frequency aberrations. The Fourier method, however, can be used directly to accurately model PSF ellipticity, which can give insights into errors in the statistics of field galaxy shapes used in studies of weak gravitational lensing. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM devries1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1086/517873 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400062 ER PT J AU Yin, QZ Jacobsen, B Moynier, F Hutcheon, ID AF Yin, Qing-Zhu Jacobsen, Benjamin Moynier, Frederic Hutcheon, Ian D. TI Toward consistent chronology in the early solar system: High-resolution Mn-53-Cr-53 chronometry for chondrules SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; minor planets, asteroids; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; solar system : formation ID ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; INCLUSIONS; METEORITES; MN-53; AGE AB New high-precision Mn-53-Cr-53 data obtained for chondrules extracted from a primitive ordinary chondrite, Chainpur (LL3.4), define an initial Mn-53/Mn-55 ratio of. As a result of this downward revision from an earlier higher value of (9.4 +/- 1.7) x 10(-6) for the same meteorite (Nyquist et al. 2001), together with Al-26-(26) Mg and Pb-207-Pb-206 systems emerges in the early solar system. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yin@geology.ucdavis.edu; jacobsen@geology.ucdavis.edu; moynier@geology.ucdavis.edu; hutcheon1@llnl.gov RI Yin, Qing-Zhu/B-8198-2009; Moynier, Frederic/I-2785-2012 OI Yin, Qing-Zhu/0000-0002-4445-5096; NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/519282 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HC UT WOS:000247074500011 ER PT J AU D'Souza, L Jiao, L Regalbuto, JR Miller, JT Kropf, AJ AF D'Souza, L. Jiao, L. Regalbuto, J. R. Miller, J. T. Kropf, A. J. TI Preparation of silica- and carbon-supported cobalt by electrostatic adsorption of Co(III) hexaammines SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE [Co(NH3)(6)]Cl-3; Co3O4; CO/SiO2; Co/C; Co EXAFS; STEM; Fisher-Tropsch synthesis ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; CO/SIO2 CATALYSTS; ACTIVATED-CARBON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MANGANESE OXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; PERFORMANCE; PLATINUM; SULFUR AB Application of the simple, rational catalyst synthesis method of strong electrostatic adsorption was applied to hexaammine cobalt(III) chloride (CoHA) complexes over silica and carbon, which potentially affects the preparation of Fisher-Tropsch and other catalysts. Uptake versus PH was studied, and resulting materials were characterized by powder XRD, EXAFS, XANES, and STEM at each stage of the preparation procedure. Large differences occurred when CoHA was contacted at high PH over silica and carbon surfaces with similar points of zero charge. The Co ammine-silica interaction could be described by a purely electrostatic interaction, was very strong, and prevented reduction up to the high temperatures at which significant Co sintering occurred. However, sufficient interaction existed so that the normally lower-temperature stable hexagonal close-packing phase was retained by the metal crystallites on silica. Over carbon, CoHA underwent a reductive deammination on contact with the carbon to form large crystals of Co3O4. While this precursor phase reduces at much lower temperature than the silica-supported Co ammines, the large initial size of the Co3O4 Phase also prevented the formation of small Co particles. Our findings demonstrate that high Co metal dispersion on carbon might be achieved with synthesis parameters (i.e., other Co complexes, carbons, or impregnation conditions) that yield a highly dispersed Co precursor. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Regalbuto, JR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, MC 110 810 S Clinton St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jrr@uic.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; D'Souza, Lawrence/O-7306-2014 OI D'Souza, Lawrence/0000-0001-6708-1341 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 248 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2007.03.010 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 179YT UT WOS:000247327300003 ER PT J AU Miniati, F Colella, P AF Miniati, Francesco Colella, Phillip TI A modified higher order Godunov's scheme for stiff source conservative hydrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; numerical methods; Godunov methods; Stiff equations ID RELAXATION TERMS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; LAWS; FLOW AB We present an efficient second-order accurate scheme to treat stiff source terms within the framework of higher order Godunov's methods. We employ Duhamel's formula to devise a modified predictor step which accounts for the effects of stiff source terms on the conservative fluxes and recovers the correct isothermal behavior in the limit of an infinite cooling/ reaction rate. Source term effects on the conservative quantities are fully accounted for by means of a one-step, second-order accurate semi-implicit corrector scheme based on the deferred correction method of Dutt et al. We demonstrate the accurate, stable and convergent results of the proposed method through a set of benchmark problems for a variety of stiffness conditions and source types. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miniati, F (reprint author), ETH, Dept Phys, Wolfgang Pauli Str 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM fm@phys.ethz.ch NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 519 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.008 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400004 ER PT J AU Marzouk, YM Najm, HN Rahn, LA AF Marzouk, Youssef M. Najm, Habib N. Rahn, Larry A. TI Stochastic spectral methods for efficient Bayesian solution of inverse problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inverse problems; Bayesian inference; polynomial chaos; Monte Carlo; Markov chain Monte Carlo; spectral methods; Galerkin projection; diffusive transport ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; HEAT-CONDUCTION PROBLEM; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; UNCERTAINTY; FLOW; STATISTICS; TRANSPORT; COMPUTATION; PROJECTION AB We present a reformulation of the Bayesian approach to inverse problems, that seeks to accelerate Bayesian inference by using polynomial chaos (PC) expansions to represent random variables. Evaluation of integrals over the unknown parameter space is recast, more efficiently, as Monte Carlo sampling of the random variables underlying the PC expansion. We evaluate the utility of this technique on a transient diffusion problem arising in contaminant source inversion. The accuracy of posterior estimates is examined with respect to the order of the PC representation, the choice of PC basis, and the decomposition of the support of the prior. The computational cost of the new scheme shows significant gains over direct sampling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marzouk, YM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ymarz@alum.mit.edu; hnnajm@sandia.gov; rahn@sandia.gov OI Rahn, Larry/0000-0002-4793-1158 NR 64 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 560 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.010 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400006 ER PT J AU Hall, DM Lookman, T Fredrickson, GH Banerjee, S AF Hall, David M. Lookman, Turab Fredrickson, Glenn H. Banerjee, Sanjoy TI Numerical method for hydrodynamic transport of inhomogeneous polymer melts SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamic self-consistent field theory; block copolymer dynamics; multiple fluid hydrodynamics; wall penalization ID CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MELTS; PHASE-SEPARATION; MEAN-FIELD; DYNAMICS; BLENDS; SIMULATION; FLUIDS; FLOW AB We introduce a mesoscale method for simulating hydrodynamic transport and self-assembly of inhomogeneous polymer melts in pressure driven and drag induced flows. This method extends dynamic self-consistent field theory (DSCFT) into the hydrodynamic regime where bulk material transport and viscoelastic effects play a significant role. The method combines four distinct components as a single coupled system, including (1) non-equilibrium self-consistent field theory describing block copolymer self-assembly, (2) multi-fluid Navier-Stokes type hydrodynamics for tracking material transport, (3) constitutive equations modeling viscoelastic phase separation, and (4) rigid wall fields which represent moving channel boundaries, machine components, and nano-particulate fillers. We also present an efficient, pseudo-spectral implementation for this set of coupled equations which enables practical application of the model in periodic domains. We validate the model by reproducing well known phenomena including equilibrium diblock meso-phases, analytic Stokes flows, and viscoelastic phase separation of glassy/elastic polymer melts. We also demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the numerical implementation by examining its convergence under grid-size refinement. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hall, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM halldm@physics.ucsb.edu RI Hall, David/F-2342-2011; OI Hall, David/0000-0002-0961-1196; Hall, David/0000-0003-4663-2508; Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 681 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.027 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400012 ER PT J AU Graf, PA Kim, K Jones, WB Wang, LW AF Graf, Peter A. Kim, Kwiseon Jones, Wesley B. Wang, Lin-Wang TI Surface passivation optimization using DIRECT SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE global optimization; electronic structure; nanostructure; surface passivation; pseudopotentials ID QUANTUM DOTS; ALGORITHM; DENSITY; INP AB We describe a systematic and efficient method of determining pseudo-atom positions and potentials for use in nanostructure calculations based on bulk empirical pseudopotentials (EPMs). Given a bulk EPM for binary semiconductor X, we produce parameters for pseudo-atoms necessary to passivate a nanostructure of X in preparation for quantum mechanical electronic structure calculations. These passivants are based on the quality of the wave functions of a set of small test structures that include the passivants. Our method is based on the global optimization method DIRECT. It enables and/or streamlines surface passivation for empirical pseudopotential calculations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Graf, PA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM peter_graf@nrel.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 824 EP 835 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.033 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400018 ER PT J AU Nourgaliev, RR Theofanous, TG AF Nourgaliev, R. R. Theofanous, T. G. TI High-fidelity interface tracking in compressible flows: Unlimited anchored adaptive level set SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE level set; multi-fluid flow; capturing interfaces; interfacial instability; contact discontinuities; compressible flow; adaptive mesh refinement; high order discretization ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INCOMPRESSIBLE 2-PHASE FLOWS; WEIGHTED ENO SCHEMES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; FLUID METHOD; HIGH-ORDER; ALGORITHMS; DYNAMICS AB The interface-capturing-fidelity issue of the level set method is addressed wholly within the Eulerian framework. Our aim is for a practical and efficient way to realize the expected benefits of grid resolution and high order schemes. Based on a combination of structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR), rather than quad/octrees, and on high-order spatial discretization, rather than the use of Lagrangian particles, our method is tailored to compressible flows, while it provides a potentially useful alternative to the particle level set (PLS) for incompressible flows. Interesting salient features of our method include (a) avoidance of limiting (in treating the Hamiltonian of the level set equation), (b) anchoring the level set in a manner that ensures no drift and no spurious oscillations of the zero level during PIDE-remitialization, and (c) a non-linear tagging procedure for defining the neighborhood of the interface subject to mesh refinement. Numerous computational results on a set of benchmark problems (strongly deforming, stretching and tearing interfaces) demonstrate that with this approach, implemented up to 11th order accuracy, the level set method becomes essentially free of mass conservation errors and also free of parasitic interfacial oscillations, while it is still highly efficient, and convenient for 3D parallel implementation. In addition, demonstration of performance in fully-coupled simulations is presented for multimode Rayleigh-Taylor instability (low-Mach number regime) and shock-induced, bubble-collapse (highly compressible regime). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Risk Studies & Safety, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Nourgaliev, RR (reprint author), Battelle Energy Alliance LLC, Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert@engr.ucsb.edu; theo@engr.ucsb.edu NR 46 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 836 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.031 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400019 ER PT J AU Bui-Thanh, T Willcox, K Ghattas, O Waanders, BV AF Bui-Thanh, T. Willcox, K. Ghattas, O. Waanders, B. van Bloemen TI Goal-oriented, model-constrained optimization for reduction of large-scale systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE model reduction; optimization; partial differential equations ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; BALANCED TRUNCATION; EQUATIONS; FLOWS AB Optimization-oriented reduced-order models should target a particular output functional, span an applicable range of dynamic and parametric inputs, and respect the underlying governing equations of the system. To achieve this goal, we present an approach for determining a projection basis that uses a goal-oriented, model-constrained optimization framework. The mathematical framework permits consideration of general dynamical systems with general parametric variations and is applicable to both linear and nonlinear systems. Results for a simple linear model problem of the two-dimensional heat equation demonstrate the ability of the goal-oriented approach to target a particular output functional of interest. Application of the methodology to a more challenging example of a subsonic blade row governed by the unsteady Euler flow equations shows a significant advantage of the new method over the proper orthogonal decomposition. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Willcox, K (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tanbui@mit.edu; kwillcox@mit.edu; omar@ices.utexas.edu; bartv@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 224 IS 2 BP 880 EP 896 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.026 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 179YB UT WOS:000247325400021 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Person, M Gable, CW AF Zhang, Ye Person, Mark Gable, Carl W. TI Representative hydraulic conductivity of hydrogeologic units: Insights from an experimental stratigraphy SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; heterogeneity; effective conductivity; equivalent conductivity; experimental stratigraphy; scale effect; Stochastic theory ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; SCALE; TRANSPORT; FLOW; SIMULATION; PERMEABILITY; AQUIFERS; VARIABILITY; MODELS; FACIES AB A critical issue facing groundwater flow models is the estimation of representative hydraulic conductivity assigned to the model units. In this study, an experiment-based, high-resolution hydraulic conductivity map offers a test case to evaluate this parameter. Various hydrogeological units are distinguished, each is of irregular shape with distinct heterogeneity pattern created by physical sedimentation. Extending a previous study which used numerical upscaling to compute equivalent conductivities for these units (at two upscaling scales) [Zhang, Y., Gable, C.W., Person, M., 2006. Equivalent hydraulic conductivity of an experimental stratigraphy - implications for basin-scale flow simulations. Water Resources Research 42, W05404. doi:10.1029/2005WR004720], this study compares them with local statistics and effective conductivities predicted by a stochastic theory. Results suggest that for a system with moderate lnK variance (4.07) and tow topographic slope (similar to 1 degrees), the arithmetic mean (K-A) provides a good estimate for the maximum principal component (K-max) of the equivalent conductivity. The minimum principal component (Kin) ties between the harmonic and geometric means: its closeness to the geometric mean is affected by heterogeneity pattern and upscating scale. Using K-max (alternatively, the arithmetic mean), geometric mean, and ln(K) variance, the stochastic theory predicts a K in that is consistent with the up-scated value. Similarly, knowing K-min, Kmax predicted by theory is also consistent with the up-scated value. For most deposits (some with variance greater than 1), a low-variance version of the theory is more accurate than a high-variance version. However, the increase of topographic slope (to similar to 4 degrees) and total lnK variance (to 16) result in increased deviation of K-max from K-A. High variance also results in significantly larger anisotropy ratio, possibly due to the dominance of preferential flow. Finally, for select units, equivalent conductivity exhibits scale effect. Field scale representative elementary volume thus does not exist and upscaling the full unit is necessary to obtain the representative conductivity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg,1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ylzhang@umich.edu RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.007 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 177KL UT WOS:000247151900006 ER PT J AU Lee, D Thundat, T Jeon, S AF Lee, Dongkyu Thundat, Thomas Jeon, Sangmin TI Electromechanical identification of molecules adsorbed on microcantilevers SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE cantilever; self-assembly; square-wave; deflection ID SURFACE STRESS; AU(111); SENSORS; GOLD AB An alternating current was applied to a gold-coated silicon microcantilever in a sodium chloride solution. The electric field applied through the old layer attracts oppositely charged ions onto the cantilever, and the resulting variation of surface charges induces changes in the surface stress that result in oscillation of the cantilever. The bending profiles of cantilevers coated with 1-mercaptoethanol, 1-mercaptopropanol, and 1-mercaptohexanol excited by a square-wave electric field depended on the chain lengths of the layers: a layer comprising longer hydrocarbon chains more strongly hinders ions from being adsorbed on the gold layer, resulting in the cantilever bending more slowly. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang, South Korea. EM jeons@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Dongkyu/A-1635-2013 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.12.016 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 179AO UT WOS:000247261900020 ER PT J AU Spirig, JV Ramamoorthy, R Akbar, SA Routbort, JL Singh, D Dutta, PK AF Spirig, John V. Ramamoorthy, Ramasamy Akbar, Sheikh A. Routbort, Jules L. Singh, Dileep Dutta, Prabir K. TI High temperature zirconia oxygen sensor with sealed metal/metal oxide internal reference SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE combustion sensor; harsh environment; ceramic bonding; grain boundary sliding; cross-sensitivity ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; FREE-ENERGIES; GAS SENSORS; CONDUCTIVITY; PDO AB Potentiometric internal reference oxygen sensors are created by embedding a metal/metal oxide mixture within a yttria-stabilized zirconia oxygen-conducting ceramic superstructure. Three metal/metal oxide systems based on Pd, Ni, and Ru are examined. A static internal reference oxygen pressure is produced inside the reference chamber of the sensor at the target application temperature. The metaVmetal oxide-containing reference chamber is sealed within the stabilized zirconia ceramic superstructure by a high pressure (3-6 MPa) and high temperature (1200-1300 degrees C) bonding method that initiates grain boundary sliding between the ceramic components. The bonding method creates ceramic joints that are pore-free and indistinguishable from the bulk ceramic. The Pd/PdO-based oxygen sensor presented in this study is capable of long-term operation and resistant to the strains of thermal cycling. The current temperature limit of the device is limited at 800 degrees C. As the sensor does not require reference gas plumbing there is flexibility in placement of sensors in a combustion stream. Furthermore, the sensor assembly process readily lends itself to miniaturization. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Ind Sensors & Measurement, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, 100 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dutta.1@osu.edu RI Akbar, Sheikh/J-6170-2013 OI Akbar, Sheikh/0000-0003-3567-274X NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.12.022 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 179AO UT WOS:000247261900028 ER PT J AU Hansell, RA Ou, SC Liou, KN Roskovensky, JK Tsay, SC Hsu, C Ji, Q AF Hansell, R. A. Ou, S. C. Liou, K. N. Roskovensky, J. K. Tsay, S. C. Hsu, C. Ji, Q. TI Simultaneous detection/separation of mineral dust and cirrus clouds using MODIS thermal infrared window data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN DUST; ART.; REGIONS; STORMS AB An integrated method for the simultaneous detection/separation of mineral dust and clouds for both daytime and nighttime conditions using MODIS thermal infrared window brightness temperature data has been developed. Based on the spectral variability of dust emissivity at 3.75, 8.6, 11 and 12 mu m wavelengths, we combine three heritage approaches to identify dust and cirrus. MODIS data for three dust-laden scenes have been analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this detection/separation method. The detected daytime dust and cloud coverage for the Persian Gulf case compares reasonably well to those from the "Deep Blue'' algorithm developed at NASA-GSFC. Validation of the nighttime dust and cloud detection method has been carried out by using the cases surrounding Cape Verde and Niger, West Africa, on the basis of the coincident and collocated ground-based micro-pulse lidar measurements. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rhansell@atmos.ucla.edu RI Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11808 DI 10.1029/2007GL029388 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FZ UT WOS:000247140300003 ER PT J AU Pinker, RT Sun, D Miller, M Robinson, GJ AF Pinker, R. T. Sun, D. Miller, M. Robinson, G. J. TI Diurnal cycle of land surface temperature in a desert encroachment zone as observed from satellites SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; EMISSIVITY; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; AFRICA; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; DIFFERENCE; DYNAMICS AB Climate variability in the African Soudano-Sahel savanna zone has attracted much attention because of the persistence of anomalously low rainfall. Past efforts to monitor the climate of this region have focused on rainfall and vegetation conditions, while land surface temperature (LST) has received less attention. Remote sensing of LST is feasible and possible at global scale. Most remotely sensed estimates of LST are based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) that are limited in their ability to capture the full diurnal cycle. Although more frequent observations are available from past geostationary satellites, their spatial resolution is coarser than that of polar orbiting satellites. In this study, the improved capabilities of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) instrument are used to remotely sense the LST in the African Soudano-Sahel savanna zone at a resolution of 3 km and 15 minutes. In support of the Radiative Atmospheric Divergence using the ARM Mobile Facility (AMF), GERB and AMMA Stations (RADAGAST) project, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project and the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, the ARM Mobile Facility was deployed during 2006 in this climatically sensitive region, thereby providing a unique opportunity to evaluate remotely sensed algorithms for deriving LST. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pinker, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pinker@atmos.umd.edu RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11809 DI 10.1029/2007GL030186 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FZ UT WOS:000247140300006 ER PT J AU Mena-Carrasco, M Tang, Y Carmichael, GR Chai, T Thongbongchoo, N Campbell, JE Kulkarni, S Horowitz, L Vukovich, J Avery, M Brune, W Dibb, JE Emmons, L Flocke, F Sachse, GW Tan, D Shetter, R Talbot, RW Streets, DG Frost, G Blake, D AF Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo Tang, Youhua Carmichael, Gregory R. Chai, Tianfeng Thongbongchoo, Narisara Campbell, J. Elliott Kulkarni, Sarika Horowitz, Larry Vukovich, Jeffrey Avery, Melody Brune, William Dibb, Jack E. Emmons, Louisa Flocke, Frank Sachse, Glen W. Tan, David Shetter, Rick Talbot, Robert W. Streets, David G. Frost, Gregory Blake, Donald TI Improving regional ozone modeling through systematic evaluation of errors using the aircraft observations during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM; TRACE-P; PARIS AREA; ART.; AIR; POLLUTION AB During the operational phase of the ICARTT field experiment in 2004, the regional air quality model STEM showed a strong positive surface bias and a negative upper troposphere bias (compared to observed DC-8 and WP-3 observations) with respect to ozone. After updating emissions from NEI 1999 to NEI 2001 (with a 2004 large point sources inventory update), and modifying boundary conditions, low-level model bias decreases from 11.21 to 1.45 ppbv for the NASA DC-8 observations and from 8.26 to -0.34 for the NOAA WP-3. Improvements in boundary conditions provided by global models decrease the upper troposphere negative ozone bias, while accounting for biomass burning emissions improved model performance for CO. The covariances of ozone bias were highly correlated to NOz, NOy, and HNO3 biases. Interpolation of bias information through kriging showed that decreasing emissions in SE United States would reduce regional ozone model bias and improve model correlation coefficients. The spatial distribution of forecast errors was analyzed using kriging, which identified distinct features, which when compared to errors in postanalysis simulations, helped document improvements. Changes in dry deposition to crops were shown to reduce substantially high bias in the forecasts in the Midwest, while updated emissions were shown to account for decreases in bias in the eastern United States. Observed and modeled ozone production efficiencies for the DC-8 were calculated and shown to be very similar (7.8) suggesting that recurring ozone bias is due to overestimation of NOx emissions. Sensitivity studies showed that ozone formation in the United States is most sensitive to NOx emissions, followed by VOCs and CO. PAN as a reservoir of NOx can contribute to a significant amount of surface ozone through thermal decomposition. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. King Mongkuts Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Fac Engn, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Mena-Carrasco, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Campbell, Elliott/B-8025-2008; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12S19 DI 10.1029/2006JD007762 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177GM UT WOS:000247141600001 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Gee, RH Maxwell, R Saab, AP AF Maiti, Arnitesh Gee, Richard H. Maxwell, Robert Saab, Andrew P. TI Hydrogen catalysis and scavenging action of Pd-POSS nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; OCTASILSESQUIOXANES; TEMPERATURE; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; DFT AB Prompted by the need for a self-supported, chemically stable, and functionally flexible catalytic nanoparticle system, we explore a system involving Pd clusters coated with a monolayer of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages. With an initial theoretical focus on hydrogen catalysis and sequestration in the Pd-POSS system, we report density functional theory (DFT) results on POSS binding energies to the Pd(110) surface, hydrogen storing ability of POSS, and possible pathways of hydrogen radicals from the catalyst surface to unsaturated bonds away from the surface. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maiti2@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 440 IS 4-6 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.045 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 187JG UT WOS:000247843100015 ER PT J AU Madden, MEE Ulrich, SM Onstott, TC Phelps, TJ AF Madden, M. E. Elwood Ulrich, S. M. Onstott, T. C. Phelps, T. J. TI Salinity-induced hydrate dissociation: A mechanism for recent CH4 release on Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDRATE; GAS HYDRATE; METHANE HYDRATE; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; WATER; CLATHRATE AB Recent observations of CH4 in the Martian atmosphere suggest that CH4 has been added relatively recently. Several mechanisms for recent CH4 release have been proposed including subsurface biological methanogenesis, abiogenic hydrothermal and/or volcanic activity, dissociation of CH4 hydrates, atmospheric photolysis, or addition of organics via bolide impact. This study examines the effects of increasing salinity on gas hydrate stability and compares estimates of the Martian geothermal gradient to CH4 and CO2 hydrate stability fields in the presence of high salinity brines. The results demonstrate that salinity increases alone result in a significant decrease in the predicted hydrate stability zone within the Martian subsurface and may be a driving force in CH4 hydrate destabilization. Active thermal and/or pressure fluctuations are not required in order for CH4 hydrates to be the source of atmospheric CH4. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Madden, MEE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008,MS6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maddenme@ornl.gov RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Elwood Madden, Megan/C-3381-2009; Ulrich, Shannon/J-9492-2012 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11202 DI 10.1029/2006GL029156 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FX UT WOS:000247140100001 ER PT J AU Mayeda, K Malagnini, L Walter, WR AF Mayeda, Kevin Malagnini, Luca Walter, William R. TI A new spectral ratio method using narrow band coda envelopes: Evidence for non-self-similarity in the Hector Mine sequence SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREENS-FUNCTION ANALYSIS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SEISMIC ENERGY; STRESS DROP; EARTHQUAKES; MOMENT; CALIFORNIA AB [1] The use of local and regional S-wave coda is shown to provide stable amplitude ratios that better constrains source differences between event pairs. We first compared amplitude ratio performance between local and near-regional S and coda waves in the San Francisco Bay region for moderate-sized events, then applied the coda spectral ratio method to the 1999 Hector Mine mainshock and its larger aftershocks. We find (1) average amplitude ratio standard deviations using coda are similar to 0.05 to 0.12, roughly a factor of 3 smaller than direct S-waves for 0.2 < f < 15.0 Hz; (2) coda spectral ratios for the M-w 7.0 Hector Mine earthquake and its aftershocks show a clear departure from self-similarity, consistent with other studies using the same datasets; and (3) event-pairs (Green's function and target events) can be separated by similar to 25 km for coda amplitudes without any appreciable degradation, in sharp contrast to direct waves. C1 Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mayeda, K (reprint author), Weston Geophys Corp, 181 Bedford St,Suite 1, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM kmayeda@yahoo.com RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11303 DI 10.1029/2007GL030041 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FX UT WOS:000247140100007 ER PT J AU Pettit, FK Bare, E Tsai, A Bowie, JU AF Pettit, Frank K. Bare, Emiko Tsai, Albert Bowie, James U. TI HotPatch: A statistical a pproach to finding biologically relevant features on protein surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE functional site prediction; structural genomics; active sites; annexin; caspase-7 ID SEARCHING STRUCTURAL DATABASES; 3D COORDINATE TEMPLATES; INTERACTION SITES; BINDING-SITES; FUNCTION PREDICTION; ACTIVE-SITES; GENOMICS; INTERFACES; RESIDUES; EVOLUTION AB We describe a fully automated algorithm for finding functional sites on protein structures. Our method finds surface patches of unusual physicochemical properties on protein structures, and estimates the patches' probability of overlapping functional sites. Other methods for predicting the locations of specific types of functional sites exist, but in previous analyses, it has been difficult to compare methods when they are applied to different types of sites. Thus, we introduce a new statistical framework that enables rigorous comparisons of the usefulness of different physicochemical properties for predicting virtually any kind of functional site. The programs statistical models were trained for 11 individual properties (electrostatics, concavity hydrophobicity etc.) and for 15 neural network combination properties, all optimized and tested on 15 diverse protein functions. To simulate what to expect if the program were run on proteins of unknown function, as might arise from structural genomics, we tested it on 618 proteins of diverse mixed functions. In the higher-scoring top half of all predictions, a functional residue could typically be found within the first 1.7 residues chosen at random. The program may or may not use partial information about the proteins function type as an input, depending on which statistical model the user chooses to employ. If function type is used as an additional constraint, prediction accuracy usually increases, and is particularly good for enzymes, DNA-interacting sites, and oligomeric interfaces. The program can be accessed online (at http://hotpatch.mbi.ucla.edu). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Proteom Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NLM NIH HHS [R01 LM007878-03, R01 LM007878, R01 LM007878-01A1, R01 LM007878-02] NR 66 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 369 IS 3 BP 863 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.036 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 172NH UT WOS:000246810500022 PM 17451744 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Delli Paoli, F Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of sigma(chi c2)B(chi(c2)-> J/psi gamma)/sigma(chi c1)B(chi(c1)-> J/psi gamma) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOT S=1.8 TEV; J/PSI AB We measure the ratio of cross section times branching fraction, R(p)=sigma(chi c2)B(chi(c2)-> J/psi gamma)/sigma(chi c1)B(chi(c1)-> J/psi gamma), in 1.1 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV. This measurement covers the kinematic range p(T)(J/psi)> 4.0 GeV/c, |eta(J/psi)< 1.0, and p(T)(gamma)> 1.0 GeV/c. For events due to prompt processes, we find R(p)=0.395 +/- 0.016(stat)+/- 0.015(syst). This result represents a significant improvement in precision over previous measurements of prompt chi(c1,2) hadro production. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013 OI Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Sharma, D. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shevel, A. Shibata, T.-A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Shohjoh, T. Shoji, K. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Silvestre, C. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Skutnik, S. Slunecka, M. Smith, W. C. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Suire, C. Sullivan, J. P. Sziklai, J. Tabaru, T. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tojo, J. Tomasek, L. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Vale, C. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Vertesi, R. Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Walker, D. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Willis, N. Winter, D. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. Yanovich, A. Yasin, Z. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI J/psi production versus centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity in Au+Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSION; NUCLEON; SPS AB The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured J/psi production for rapidities -2.2 < y < 2.2 in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The J/psi invariant yield and nuclear modification factor R-AA as a function of centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity are reported. A suppression of J/psi relative to binary collision scaling of proton-proton reaction yields is observed. Models which describe the lower energy J/psi data at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron invoking only J/psi destruction based on the local medium density predict a significantly larger suppression at RHIC and more suppression at midrapidity than at forward rapidity. Both trends are contradicted by our data. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Prague 11636, Czech Republic. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10533 USA. Czech Tech Univ, 16636 Prague 6, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, IHEP Protvino, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Reg, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, MTA KFKI RMKI, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand 2, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Technol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adare, A (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. RI Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476 NR 22 TC 369 Z9 372 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 232301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.232301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200014 PM 17677901 ER PT J AU Adare, A Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Bataineh, H Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Asai, J Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Baksay, G Baksay, L Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bennett, R Berdnikov, Y Bickley, A Boissevain, JG Borel, H Boyle, K Brooks, ML Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Butsyk, S Campbell, S Chang, BS Charvet, JL Chernichenko, S Chiba, J Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Chujo, T Chung, P Churyn, A Cianciolo, V Cleven, CR Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Dahms, T Das, K David, G Deaton, MB Dehmelt, K Delagrange, H Denisov, A d'Enterria, D Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dion, A Donadelli, M Drapier, O Drees, A Dubey, AK Durum, A Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J Ellinghaus, F Emam, WS Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Eyser, KO Fields, DE Finger, M Finger, M Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fujiwara, K Fukao, Y Fusayasu, T Gadrat, S Garishvili, I Glenn, A Gong, H Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Henni, AH Haegemann, C Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Han, R Harada, H Hartouni, EP Haruna, K Haslum, E Hayano, R Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Hester, T He, X Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Hohlmann, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Horaguchi, T Hornback, D Ichihara, T Imai, K Inaba, M Inoue, Y Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kamin, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klay, J Klein-Boesing, C Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kral, A Kravitz, A Kubart, J Kunde, GJ Kurihara, N Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lai, YS Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Lee, DM Lee, MK Lee, T Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Lenzi, B Liska, T Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Li, X Love, B Lynch, D Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mao, Y Masek, L Masui, H Matathias, F McCumber, M McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Mikes, P Miki, K Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, M Mitchell, JT Mitrovski, M Morreale, A Morrison, DP Moukhanova, TV Mukhopadhyay, D Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagata, Y Nagle, JL Naglis, M Nakagawa, I Nakamiya, Y Nakamura, T Nakano, K Newby, J Nguyen, M Norman, BE Nyanin, AS O'Brien, E Oda, SX Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Okada, H Okada, K Oka, M Omiwade, OO Oskarsson, A Ouchida, M Ozawa, K Pak, R Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pinkenburg, C Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qu, H Rak, J Rakotozafindrabe, A Ravinovich, I Read, KF Rembeczki, S Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukoyatkin, P Rykov, VL Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Sakata, H Samsonov, V Sato, S Sawada, S Seele, J Seidl, R Semenov, V Seto, R Sharma, D Shein, I Shevel, A Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Shoji, K Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Silvestre, C Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Skutnik, S Slunecka, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Suire, C Sziklai, J Tabaru, T Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Toia, A Tojo, J Tomasek, L Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Vale, C Valle, H van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Vertesi, R Vinogradov, AA Virius, M Vrba, V Vznuzdaev, E Wagner, M Walker, D Wang, XR Watanabe, Y Wessels, J White, SN Winter, D Woody, CL Wysocki, M Xie, W Yamaguchi, Y Yanovich, A Yasin, Z Ying, J Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L AF Adare, A. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Bataineh, H. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Asai, J. Atomssa, E. T. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Baksay, G. Baksay, L. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bennett, R. Berdnikov, Y. Bickley, A. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Butsyk, S. Campbell, S. Chang, B. S. Charvet, J. -L. Chernichenko, S. Chiba, J. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Chujo, T. Chung, P. Churyn, A. Cianciolo, V. Cleven, C. R. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csoergo, T. Dahms, T. Das, K. David, G. Deaton, M. B. Dehmelt, K. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. d'Enterria, D. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Donadelli, M. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Dubey, A. K. Durum, A. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. Egdemir, J. Ellinghaus, F. Emam, W. S. 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Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tojo, J. Tomasek, L. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Vale, C. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Vertesi, R. Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Walker, D. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Winter, D. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. Yanovich, A. Yasin, Z. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI J/psi production versus transverse momentum and rapidity in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRONIC PRODUCTION; 1.8 TEV; ROOT-S; J-PSI; UPSILON AB J/psi production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over a rapidity range of -2.2 < y < 2.2 and a transverse momentum range of 0 < p(T)< 9 GeV/c. The size of the present data set allows a detailed measurement of both the p(T) and the rapidity distributions and is sufficient to constrain production models. The total cross section times the branching ratio is B-ll sigma(J/psi)(pp)=178 +/- 3(stat)+/- 53(sys)+/- 18(norm) nb. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10533 USA. Czech Tech Univ, Prague 16636 6, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, IHEP Protvino, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Blaise Pascal, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adare, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; YANG, BOGEUM/I-8251-2012; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016 OI Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643 NR 28 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 232002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.232002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200013 PM 17677900 ER PT J AU Adare, A Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Bataineh, H Alexander, J Al-Jamel, A Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Asai, J Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Baksay, G Baksay, L Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bennett, R Berdnikov, Y Bickley, AA Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Boyle, K Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Campbell, S Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, BS Chang, WC Charvet, JL Chernichenko, S Chiba, J Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Chung, P Churyn, A Cianciolo, V Cleven, CR Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP Dahms, T Das, K David, G Deak, F Deaton, MB Dehmelt, K Delagrange, H Denisov, A d'Enterria, D Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Dion, A Donadelli, M Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Dubey, AK Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J Ellinghaus, F Emam, WS Enokizono, A En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Eyser, KO Fields, DE Finck, C Finger, M Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Forestier, B Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fujiwara, K Fukao, Y Fung, SY Fusayasu, T Gadrat, S Garishvili, I Gastineau, F Germain, M Glenn, A Gong, H Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y De Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Henni, AH Haegemann, C Haggerty, JS Hagiwara, MN Hamagaki, H Han, R Hansen, AG Harada, H Hartouni, EP Haruna, K Harvey, M Haslum, E Hasuko, K Hayano, R Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Hester, T Heuser, JM He, X Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Hohlmann, M Holmes, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Hornback, D Hur, MG Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inoue, Y Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kamin, J Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kanou, H Katou, K Kawabata, T Kawagishi, T Kawall, D Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kim, YS Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klay, J Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kral, A Kravitz, A Kroon, PJ Kubart, J Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurihara, N Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lai, YS Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Le Bornec, Y Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, MK Lee, T Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Lenzi, B Lim, H Liska, T Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Li, X Li, XH Love, B Lynch, D Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masek, L Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McCumber, M McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Mikes, P Miki, K Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mishra, M Mitchell, JT Mitrovski, M Mohanty, AK Morreale, A Morrison, DP Moss, JM Moukhanova, TV Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagata, Y Nagle, JL Naglis, M Nakagawa, I Nakamiya, Y Nakamura, T Nakano, K Newby, J Nguyen, M Norman, BE Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Oda, SX Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oka, M Omiwade, OO Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Ouchida, M Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pak, R Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Qu, H Rak, J Rakotozafindrabe, A Ravinovich, I Read, KF Rembeczki, S Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukoyatkin, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Sakata, H Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Seele, J Seidl, R Semenov, V Seto, R Sharma, D Shea, TK Shein, I Shevel, A Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Shohjoh, T Shoji, K Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Silvestre, C Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Skutnik, S Slunecka, M Smith, WC Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Suire, C Sullivan, JP Sziklai, J Tabaru, T Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Toia, A Tojo, J Tomasek, L Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tuli, SK Tydesjoo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ Vale, C Valle, H Vanhecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vertesi, R Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Virius, M Volkov, MA Vrba, V Vznuzdaev, E Wagner, M Walker, D Wang, XR Watanabe, Y Wessels, J White, SN Willis, N Winter, D Wohn, FK Woody, CL Wysocki, M Xie, W Yamaguchi, YL Yanovich, A Yasin, Z Ying, J Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adare, A. Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Bataineh, H. Alexander, J. Al-Jamel, A. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Asai, J. Atomssa, E. T. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Baksay, G. Baksay, L. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bennett, R. Berdnikov, Y. Bickley, A. A. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Campbell, S. Chai, J.-S. Chand, P. Chang, B. S. Chang, W. C. Charvet, J.-L. Chernichenko, S. Chiba, J. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Chung, P. Churyn, A. Cianciolo, V. Cleven, C. R. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csoergo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. Dahms, T. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Deaton, M. B. Dehmelt, K. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. d'Enterria, D. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Donadelli, M. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Dubey, A. K. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. Egdemir, J. Ellinghaus, F. Emam, W. S. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Eyser, K. O. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Finger, M., Jr. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Forestier, B. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fujiwara, K. Fukao, Y. Fung, S.-Y. Fusayasu, T. Gadrat, S. Garishvili, I. Gastineau, F. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gong, H. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. De Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gunji, T. Gustafsson, H.-A. Hachiya, T. Henni, A. Hadj Haegemann, C. Haggerty, J. S. Hagiwara, M. N. Hamagaki, H. Han, R. Hansen, A. G. Harada, H. Hartouni, E. P. Haruna, K. Harvey, M. Haslum, E. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Hester, T. Heuser, J. M. He, X. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Hohlmann, M. Holmes, M. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Hornback, D. Hur, M. G. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inoue, Y. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jin, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kamin, J. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Kanou, H. Katou, K. Kawabata, T. Kawagishi, T. Kawall, D. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, G.-B. Kim, H. J. Kim, Y.-S. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klay, J. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kral, A. Kravitz, A. Kroon, P. J. Kubart, J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurihara, N. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lai, Y.-S. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Le Bornec, Y. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Lee, M. K. Lee, T. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Lenzi, B. Lim, H. Liska, T. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Li, X. Li, X. H. Love, B. Lynch, D. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Malik, M. D. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Masek, L. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McCumber, M. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Mikes, P. Miki, K. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mishra, M. Mitchell, J. T. Mitrovski, M. Mohanty, A. K. Morreale, A. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Moukhanova, T. V. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagata, Y. Nagle, J. L. Naglis, M. Nakagawa, I. Nakamiya, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Newby, J. Nguyen, M. Norman, B. E. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Oda, S. X. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Oka, M. Omiwade, O. O. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Ouchida, M. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pak, R. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Penev, V. Peng, J.-C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Peressounko, D. Yu. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qualls, J. M. Qu, H. Rak, J. Rakotozafindrabe, A. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Rembeczki, S. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rukoyatkin, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Sahlmueller, B. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Sakata, H. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Sharma, D. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shevel, A. Shibata, T.-A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Shohjoh, T. Shoji, K. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Silvestre, C. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Skutnik, S. Slunecka, M. Smith, W. C. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Suire, C. Sullivan, J. P. Sziklai, J. Tabaru, T. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tojo, J. Tomasek, L. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjoe, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. Vale, C. Valle, H. vanHecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Vertesi, R. Veszpremi, V. Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Volkov, M. A. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Walker, D. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Willis, N. Winter, D. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. L. Yanovich, A. Yasin, Z. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at root S-NN 200 and 62.4 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC FLOW; PHENIX AB We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/c) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from Delta phi=pi in central and semicentral collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Charles Univ Prague, 11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Czech Tech Univ, 16636 Prague 6, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, MTA KFKI RMKI, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adare, A (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; YANG, BOGEUM/I-8251-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; OI Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Campbell, Sarah/0000-0001-6717-9744; Csorgo, Tamas/0000-0002-9110-9663; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; Skutnik, Steve/0000-0001-6441-135X; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 232302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.232302 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200015 PM 17677902 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Arevalo, AA Bazarko, AO Brice, SJ Brown, BC Bugel, L Cao, J Coney, L Conrad, JM Cox, DC Curioni, A Djurcic, Z Finley, DA Fleming, BT Ford, R Garcia, FG Garvey, GT Green, C Green, JA Hart, TL Hawker, E Imlay, R Johnson, RA Kasper, P Katori, T Kobilarcik, T Kourbanis, I Koutsoliotas, S Laird, EM Link, JM Liu, Y Liu, Y Louis, WC Mahn, KBM Marsh, W Martin, PS McGregor, G Metcalf, W Meyers, PD Mills, F Mills, GB Monroe, J Moore, CD Nelson, RH Nienaber, P Ouedraogo, S Patterson, RB Perevalov, D Polly, CC Prebys, E Raaf, JL Ray, H Roe, BP Russell, AD Sandberg, V Schirato, R Schmitz, D Shaevitz, MH Shoemaker, FC Smith, D Sorel, M Spentzouris, P Stancu, I Stefanski, RJ Sung, M Tanaka, HA Tayloe, R Tzanov, M Van de Water, R Wascko, MO White, DH Wilking, MJ Yang, HJ Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A. Bazarko, A. O. Brice, S. J. Brown, B. C. Bugel, L. Cao, J. Coney, L. Conrad, J. M. Cox, D. C. Curioni, A. Djurcic, Z. Finley, D. A. Fleming, B. T. Ford, R. Garcia, F. G. Garvey, G. T. Green, C. Green, J. A. Hart, T. L. Hawker, E. Imlay, R. Johnson, R. A. Kasper, P. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, T. Kourbanis, I. Koutsoliotas, S. Laird, E. M. Link, J. M. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Louis, W. C. Mahn, K. B. M. Marsh, W. Martin, P. S. McGregor, G. Metcalf, W. Meyers, P. D. Mills, F. Mills, G. B. Monroe, J. Moore, C. D. Nelson, R. H. Nienaber, P. Ouedraogo, S. Patterson, R. B. Perevalov, D. Polly, C. C. Prebys, E. Raaf, J. L. Ray, H. Roe, B. P. Russell, A. D. Sandberg, V. Schirato, R. Schmitz, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shoemaker, F. C. Smith, D. Sorel, M. Spentzouris, P. Stancu, I. Stefanski, R. J. Sung, M. Tanaka, H. A. Tayloe, R. Tzanov, M. Van de Water, R. Wascko, M. O. White, D. H. Wilking, M. J. Yang, H. J. Zeller, G. P. Zimmerman, E. D. CA MiniBooNE Collaboration TI Search for electron neutrino appearance at the Delta m(2)similar to 1 eV(2) scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOOSTED DECISION TREES; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; LSND EXPERIMENT; OSCILLATIONS; NUCLEI; RATIO; SIMULATION; KAMIOKANDE; DETECTOR AB The MiniBooNE Collaboration reports first results of a search for nu(e) appearance in a nu(mu) beam. With two largely independent analyses, we observe no significant excess of events above the background for reconstructed neutrino energies above 475 MeV. The data are consistent with no oscillations within a two-neutrino appearance-only oscillation model. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. St Marys Univ Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aguilar-Arevalo, AA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Cao, Jun/G-8701-2012; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Cao, Jun/0000-0002-3586-2319; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Aguilar-Arevalo, Alexis A./0000-0001-9279-3375 NR 53 TC 360 Z9 361 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 231801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.231801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200011 PM 17677898 ER PT J AU Baer, BJ Evans, WJ Yoo, CS AF Baer, Bruce J. Evans, William J. Yoo, Choong-Shik TI Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of highly compressed solid deuterium at 300 K: Evidence for a new phase and implications for the band gap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MEGABAR PRESSURES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ULTRAHIGH PRESSURES; DENSE HYDROGEN; 140 GPA; TRANSITION; DIAMOND; METALLIZATION; VIBRON AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy has been used to study deuterium at ambient temperature to 187 GPa, the highest pressure this technique has ever been applied. The pressure dependence of the nu(1) vibron line shape indicates that deuterium has a rho(direct)=0.501 and rho(exciton)=0.434 mol/cm(3) for a band gap of 2 omega(P)=4.66 eV. The extrapolation from the ambient pressure band gap yields a metallization pressure of 460 GPa, confirming earlier measurements. Above 143 GPa, the Raman shift data provide clear evidence for the presence of the ab initio predicted I-' phase of deuterium. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baer, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 235503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.235503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200030 PM 17677917 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JC Leonard, F Johnson, E Dahmen, U AF Hamilton, J. C. Leonard, F. Johnson, E. Dahmen, U. TI Pb nanoprecipitates in Al: Magic-shape effects due to elastic strain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INCLUSIONS AB We present a theory for size-dependent shapes of Pb nanoprecipitates in Al, introducing the concept of "magic shapes," i.e., shapes having near-zero homogeneous elastic strains. Our quantitative atomistic calculations of edge energies show their effect on precipitate shape to be negligible, thus it appears that shapes must be due to the combined effect of strain and interface energies. By employing an algorithm for generating magic shapes, we replicate the experimental observations by selecting magic-shape precipitates with interfacial energies less than a cutoff value. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nano Sci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, Roskilde, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hamilton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 236102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.236102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200034 PM 17677921 ER PT J AU Moore, KT van der Laan, G Haire, RG Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ Soderlind, P AF Moore, K. T. van der Laan, G. Haire, R. G. Wall, M. A. Schwartz, A. J. Soederlind, P. TI Emergence of strong exchange interaction in the actinide series: The driving force for magnetic stabilization of curium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; TRANSITION-METALS; BRANCHING RATIO; ELECTRONS; VALENCE; PICTURE AB Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, many-electron atomic spectral calculations, and density functional theory, we show that angular-momentum coupling in the 5f states plays a decisive role in the formation of the magnetic moment in Cm metal. The 5f states of Cm in intermediate coupling are strongly shifted towards the LS coupling limit due to exchange interaction, unlike most actinide elements where the effective spin-orbit interaction prevails. Hund's rule coupling is the key to producing the large spin polarization that dictates the newly found crystal structure of Cm under pressure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Daresbury Lab, Magnet Spect Grp, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moore78@llnl.gov RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 236402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.236402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200036 PM 17677923 ER PT J AU Tsvelik, AM Chubukov, AV AF Tsvelik, A. M. Chubukov, A. V. TI Phenomenological theory of the underdoped phase of a high-T-c superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PSEUDOGAP; STATE; MODEL AB We model the Fermi surface of the cuprates by one-dimensional nested parts near (0, pi) and (pi, 0) and unnested parts near the zone diagonals. Fermions in the nested regions form 1D spin liquids and develop spectral gaps below some similar to T-*, but superconducting order is prevented by 1D phase fluctuations. We show that the Josephson coupling between these order parameters locks their relative phase at pi at the crossover scale T-**< T-*. Below T-**, the system response becomes two dimensional, and the system displays Nernst effect. The remaining total phase gets locked at T-c < T-**, at which the system develops a (quasi-) long-range superconducting order. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tsvelik, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 23 AR 237001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.237001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TG UT WOS:000247107200042 PM 17677929 ER PT J AU Worden, K Farrar, CR Manson, G Park, G AF Worden, Keith Farrar, Charles R. Manson, Graeme Park, Gyuhae TI The fundamental axioms of structural health monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; damage identification; damage detection ID NOVELTY DETECTION; FAULT-DETECTION; VALIDATION AB Based on the extensive literature that has developed on structural health monitoring over the last 20 years, it can be argued that this field has matured to the point where several fundamental axioms, or gen eral principles, have emerged. The intention of this paper is to explicitly state and justify these axioms. In so doing, it is hoped that two subsequent goals are facilitated. First, the statement of such axioms will give new researchers in the field a starting point that alleviates the need to review the vast amounts of literature in this field. Second, the authors hope to stimulate discussion and thought within the community regarding these axioms. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Dynam Res Grp, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worden, K (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Dynam Res Grp, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM k.worden@sheffield.ac.uk RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Manson, Graeme/0000-0001-7484-5127; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 35 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P R SOC A JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 463 IS 2082 BP 1639 EP 1664 DI 10.1098/rspa.2007.1834 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 170VF UT WOS:000246693600014 ER PT J AU Phillips, P Balatsky, AV AF Phillips, Philip Balatsky, Alexander V. TI Cracking the supersolid SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLID HELIUM C1 Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dimer@uiuc.edu; avb@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5830 BP 1435 EP 1436 DI 10.1126/science.1143866 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176EE UT WOS:000247066400027 PM 17556572 ER PT J AU Gaffney, KJ Chapman, HN AF Gaffney, K. J. Chapman, H. N. TI Imaging atomic structure and dynamics with ultrafast X-ray scattering SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COHERENT PHONONS; PULSES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; BISMUTH; SILICON AB Measuring atomic-resolution images of materials with x-ray photons during chemical reactions or physical transformations resides at the technological forefront of x-ray science. New x-ray-based experimental capabilities have been closely linked with advances in x-ray sources, a trend that will continue with the impending arrival of x-ray-free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators. We discuss recent advances in ultrafast x-ray science and coherent imaging made possible by linear-accelerator-based light sources. These studies highlight the promise of ultrafast x-ray lasers, as well as the technical challenges and potential range of applications that will accompany these transformative x-ray light sources. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gaffney, KJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kgaffney@slac.stanford.edu; henry.chapman@llnl.gov RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 NR 38 TC 199 Z9 203 U1 5 U2 82 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5830 BP 1444 EP 1448 DI 10.1126/science.1135923 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176EE UT WOS:000247066400033 PM 17556577 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Fabbri, JD Willey, TM Lee, JRI Dahl, JE Carlson, RMK Schreiner, PR Fokin, AA Tkachenko, BA Fokina, NA Meevasana, W Mannella, N Tanaka, K Zhou, XJ van Buuren, T Kelly, MA Hussain, Z Melosh, NA Shen, ZX AF Yang, W. L. Fabbri, J. D. Willey, T. M. Lee, J. R. I. Dahl, J. E. Carlson, R. M. K. Schreiner, P. R. Fokin, A. A. Tkachenko, B. A. Fokina, N. A. Meevasana, W. Mannella, N. Tanaka, K. Zhou, X. J. van Buuren, T. Kelly, M. A. Hussain, Z. Melosh, N. A. Shen, Z.-X. TI Monochromatic electron photoemission from diamondoid monolayers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; THIOL; FILMS; GAAS; GOLD AB We found monochromatic electron photoemission from large-area self-assembled monolayers of a functionalized diamondoid, [ 121]tetramantane-6-thiol. Photoelectron spectra of the diamondoid monolayers exhibited a peak at the low-kinetic energy threshold; up to 68% of all emitted electrons were emitted within this single energy peak. The intensity of the emission peak is indicative of diamondoids being negative electron affinity materials. With an energy distribution width of less than 0.5 electron volts, this source of monochromatic electrons may find application in technologies such as electron microscopy, electron beam lithography, and field-emission flat-panel displays. C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chevron Technol Ventures, Mol Diamond Technol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Organ Chem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Kiev Polytech Inst, UA-03056 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Yang, WL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Schreiner, Peter Richard/A-4084-2008; Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; Fokin, Andrey/A-2869-2010 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Fokin, Andrey/0000-0002-6381-8948; Schreiner, Peter Richard/0000-0002-3608-5515; Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; NR 23 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5830 BP 1460 EP 1462 DI 10.1126/science.1141811 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176EE UT WOS:000247066400037 PM 17556579 ER PT J AU Lee, H Cheng, YC Fleming, GR AF Lee, Hohjai Cheng, Yuan-Chung Fleming, Graham R. TI Coherence dynamics in photosynthesis: Protein protection of excitonic coherence SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER DYNAMICS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; REACTION CENTERS; PHOTON-ECHO; ELECTRON-DONOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB The role of quantum coherence in promoting the efficiency of the initial stages of photosynthesis is an open and intriguing question. We performed a two-color photon echo experiment on a bacterial reaction center that enabled direct visualization of the coherence dynamics in the reaction center. The data revealed long-lasting coherence between two electronic states that are formed by mixing of the bacteriopheophytin and accessory bacteriochlorophyll excited states. This coherence can only be explained by strong correlation between the protein-induced fluctuations in the transition energy of neighboring chromophores. Our results suggest that correlated protein environments preserve electronic coherence in photosynthetic complexes and allow the excitation to move coherently in space, enabling highly efficient energy harvesting and trapping in photosynthesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov RI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/A-6566-2008 OI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/0000-0003-0125-4267 NR 28 TC 628 Z9 635 U1 13 U2 153 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5830 BP 1462 EP 1465 DI 10.1126/science.1142188 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176EE UT WOS:000247066400038 PM 17556580 ER PT J AU McPherson, R Pertsemlidis, A Kavaslar, N Stewart, AFR Roberts, R Cox, DR Hinds, DA Pennacchio, LA Tybjaerg-Hansen, A Folsom, AR Boerwinkle, E Hobbs, HH Cohen, JC AF McPherson, Ruth Pertsemlidis, Alexander Kavaslar, Nihan Stewart, Alexandre F. R. Roberts, Robert Cox, David R. Hinds, David A. Pennacchio, Len A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Folsom, Aaron R. Boerwinkle, Eric Hobbs, Helen H. Cohen, Jonathan C. TI A common allele on chromosome 9 associated with coronary heart disease SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL MORTALITY; BURDEN; RISK AB Coronary heart disease ( CHD) is a major cause of death in Western countries. We used genome-wide association scanning to identify a 58-kilobase interval on chromosome 9p21 that was consistently associated with CHD in six independent samples ( more than 23,000 participants) from four Caucasian populations. This interval, which is located near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes, contains no annotated genes and is not associated with established CHD risk factors such as plasma lipoproteins, hypertension, or diabetes. Homozygotes for the risk allele make up 20 to 25% of Caucasians and have a similar to 30 to 40% increased risk of CHD. C1 Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Div Cardiol, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Perlegen Sci, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Cohen, JC (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Div Cardiol, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. EM rmcpherson@ottawaheart.ca; jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu RI Stewart, Alexandre/A-5677-2011; OI Pertsemlidis, Alexander/0000-0003-1624-9372; Stewart, Alexandre/0000-0003-2673-9164 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-066681, HL-082896, R01 HL082896, R01 HL082896-02] NR 12 TC 1020 Z9 1064 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 8 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5830 BP 1488 EP 1491 DI 10.1126/science.1142447 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176EE UT WOS:000247066400046 PM 17478681 ER PT J AU Berchane, NS Carson, KH Rice-Ficht, AC Andrews, MJ AF Berchane, N. S. Carson, K. H. Rice-Ficht, A. C. Andrews, M. J. TI Effect of mean diameter and polydispersity of PLG microspheres on drug release: Experiment and theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE controlled release; poly(lactide-co-glycolide); non-uniform microspheres; mathematical modeling; polymer degradation ID EMULSION SOLVENT EVAPORATION; POLY(LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) MICROPARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROCAPSULES; DEGRADATION; COPOLYMERS; MECHANISMS; PIROXICAM AB The need to tailor release rate profiles from polymeric microspheres is a significant problem. Microsphere size, which has a significant effect on drug release rate, can potentially be varied to design a controlled drug delivery system with desired release profile. In this work the effects of microspheres mean diameter, polydispersity, and polymer degradation on drug release rate from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres are described. Piroxicam containing PLG microspheres were fabricated at 20% loading, and at three different impeller speeds. A portion of the microspheres was then sieved giving five different size distributions. In vitro release kinetics were determined for each preparation. Based on these experimental results, a suitable mathematical theory has been developed that incorporates the effect of microsphere size distribution and polymer degradation on drug release. We show from in vitro release experiments that microsphere size has a significant effect on drug release rate. The initial release rate decreased with an increase in microsphere size. In addition, the release profile changed from first order to concave-upward (sigmoidal) as the microsphere size was increased. The mathematical model gave a good fit to the experimental release data. For highly polydisperse populations (polydispersity parameter b < 3), incorporating the microsphere size distribution into the mathematical model gave a better fit to the experimental results than using the representative mean diameter. The validated mathematical model can be used to predict small-molecule drug release from PLG microsphere populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Genet, College Stn, TX USA. RP Andrews, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PO Box 1663,Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mandrews@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.037 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 180IH UT WOS:000247355800013 PM 17289316 ER PT J AU Murarka, RK Head-Gordon, T AF Murarka, Rajesh K. Head-Gordon, Teresa TI Single particle and collective hydration dynamics for hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN-WATER INTERACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; CANONICAL ENSEMBLE; SIMULATIONS; RELAXATION; MODEL AB We have conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations to study the single particle and collective dynamics of water in solutions of N-acetyl-glycine-methylamide, a model hydrophilic protein backbone, and N-acetyl-leucine-methylamide, a model (amphiphilic) hydrophobic peptide, as a function of peptide concentration. Various analytical models commonly used in the analysis of incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), are tested against the translational and rotational intermediate scattering function, the mean square displacement of the water molecule center of mass, and fits to the second-order rotational correlation function of water evaluated directly from the simulation data. We find that while the agreement between the model-free analysis and analytical QENS models is quantitatively poor, the qualitative feature of dynamical heterogeneity due to caging is captured well by all approaches. The center of mass collective and single particle intermediate scattering functions of water calculated for these peptide solutions show that the crossover from collective to single particle-dominated motions occurs at a higher value of Q for high concentration solutions relative to low concentration because of the greater restriction in movement of water molecules due to confinement. Finally, we have shown that at the same level of confinement of the two peptides, the aqueous amphiphilic amino acid solution shows the strongest deviation between single particle and collective dynamics relative to the hydrophilic amino acid, indicating that chemical heterogeneity induces even greater spatial heterogeneity in the water dynamics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Baker Lab Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murarka, RK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Baker Lab Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 21 AR 215101 DI 10.1063/1.2737050 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 176TA UT WOS:000247106600039 PM 17567218 ER PT J AU Szymanski, P Harris, AL Camillone, N AF Szymanski, Paul Harris, Alex L. Camillone, Nicholas, III TI Adsorption-state-dependent subpicosecond photoinduced desorption dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; PD(111) SURFACE; METAL-SURFACES; EXCITATION MECHANISM; PT(111) SURFACE; OXYGEN; CO; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; O-2; O-2/PD(111) AB Femtosecond laser excitation has been used to initiate desorption of molecular oxygen from the (111) surface of Pd and to study the adsorption-state dependence of the substrate-adsorbate coupling. The relative populations of the two chemical states, peroxo (O-2(2-)) and superoxo (O-2(-)), were varied by changing the total coverage. Two-pulse correlation measurements exhibit a dominant 400 fs response and a slower 10 ps decay that are relatively independent of the initial O-2 coverage. In contrast, the photodesorption yield and the nonlinearity of the fluence dependence show a systematic coverage dependence. The coverage-independent subpicosecond response indicates that the photoinduced desorption from the two states is driven primarily by the same electron-mediated mechanism, while the coverage dependence of the yield indicates that the desorption efficiency from the superoxo state is greater than that from the peroxo state. These results are discussed in the context of the electron-phonon two-temperature model with an empirical adsorbate-electron frictional coupling that depends on both the electronic temperature and the activation energy for desorption. With a coupling strength that decreases as the activation energy decreases, the trends with varying coverage, absorbed fluence, and time delay can all be reproduced. The model is consistent with a transition from a resonantly enhanced (diabatic) regime to an adiabatic regime as the system relaxes, accounting for the biexponential correlation behavior. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camillone, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nicholas@bnl.gov NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 21 AR 214709 DI 10.1063/1.2735594 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 176TA UT WOS:000247106600036 PM 17567215 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Liu, D Zhou, JG Hagelberg, F Park, SS Shvartsburg, AA AF Wu, Jianhua Liu, Dan Zhou, Jian-Ge Hagelberg, Frank Park, Sung Soo Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. TI Chemistry in acetone complexes of metal dications: A remarkable ethylene production pathway SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONALLY ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHARGED ALKALINE-EARTH; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; DMSO COMPLEXES; GOLD(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BINDING-ENERGIES; IONS AB Electrospray ionization can generate microsolvated multiply charged metal ions for various metals and ligands, allowing exploration of chemistry within such clusters. The finite size of these systems permits comparing experimental results with accurate calculations, creating a natural laboratory to research ion solvation. Mass spectrometry has provided much insight into the stability and dissociation of ligated metal cations. While solvated singly charged ions tend to shrink by ligand evaporation, solvated polycations below a certain size exhibit charge reduction and/or ligand fragmentation due to organometallic reactions. Here we investigate the acetone complexes of representative divalent metals (Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu), comparing the results of collision-induced dissociation with the predictions of density functional theory. As for other solvated dications, channels involving proton or electron transfer compete with ligand loss and become dominant for smaller complexes. The heterolytic C-C bond cleavage is common, like in DMSO and acetonitrile complexes. Of primary interest is the unanticipated neutral ethylene loss, found for all metals studied except Cu and particularly intense for Ca and Mn. We focus on understanding that process in the context of competing dissociation pathways, as a function of metal identity and number of ligands. According to first-principles modeling, ethylene elimination proceeds along a complex path involving two intermediates. These results suggest that chemistry in microsolvated multiply charged ions may still hold major surprises. C1 Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Geosci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Samsung Electromech Co Ltd, Comp Aided Engn Grp, Suwon, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hagelberg, F (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Geosci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM frank.d.hagelberg@ccaix.jsums.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [S06-GM008047] NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 4748 EP 4758 DI 10.1021/jp068574z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 172ZB UT WOS:000246842200005 PM 17503788 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Smith, JD Messer, BM Cohen, RC Saykally, RJ AF Cappa, Christopher D. Smith, Jared D. Messer, Benjamin M. Cohen, Ronald C. Saykally, Richard J. TI Nature of the aqueous hydroxide ion probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; LIQUID WATER; SOLVATION SHELL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HYDRATED PROTON; CLUSTERS; ENERGETICS; SPECTRA; OH; MECHANISM AB X-ray absorption spectra of aqueous 4 and 6 M potassium hydroxide solutions have been measured near the oxygen K edge. Upon addition of KOH to water, a new spectral feature (532.5 eV) emerges at energies well below the liquid water pre-edge feature (535 eV) and is attributed to OH(-) ions. In addition to spectral changes explicitly due to absorption by solvated OH(-) ions, calculated XA spectra indicate that first-solvation-shell water molecules exhibit an absorption spectrum that is unique from that of bulk liquid water. It is suggested that this spectral change results primarily from direct electronic perturbation of the unoccupied molecular orbitals of first-shell water molecules and only secondarily from geometric distortion of the local hydrogen bond network within the first hydration shell. Both the experimental and the calculated XA spectra indicate that the nature of the interaction between the OH(-) ion and the solvating water molecules is fundamentally different than the corresponding interactions of aqueous halide anions with respect to this direct orbital distortion. Analysis of the Mulliken charge populations suggests that the origin of this difference is a disparity in the charge asymmetry between the hydrogen atoms of the solvating water molecules. The charge asymmetry is induced both by electric field effects due to the presence of the anion and by charge transfer from the respective ions. The computational results also indicate that the OH(-) ion exists with a predominately "hyper-coordinated" solvation shell and that the OH(-) ion does not readily donate hydrogen bonds to the surrounding water molecules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 49 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 4776 EP 4785 DI 10.1021/jp070551c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 172ZB UT WOS:000246842200008 PM 17439200 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, S Andersson, K Bluhm, H Ketteler, G Starr, DE Schiros, T Ogasawara, H Pettersson, LGM Salmeron, M Nilsson, A AF Yamamoto, Susumu Andersson, Klas Bluhm, Hendrik Ketteler, Guido Starr, David E. Schiros, Theanne Ogasawara, Hirohito Pettersson, Lars G. M. Salmeron, Miquel Nilsson, Anders TI Hydroxyl-induced wetting of metals by water at near-ambient conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CU(110); OXYGEN; RU(0001); SURFACE; INTACT; H2O; RECONSTRUCTION AB We report different wetting properties of Cu(110) and Cu(111) at near-ambient conditions using in situ photoemission spectroscopy. At near-ambient conditions of pressure (1 Torr) and temperature (295 K), the Cu(110) surface is covered with a mixed OH and H2O layer, whereas the Cu(111) surface remains clean and adsorbate-free. We show that wetting is controlled by the presence of OH groups on the surface, acting as anchors for water adsorption. Hydroxylation of the Cu(110) surface is facilitated by a lower activation barrier for water dissociation compared to Cu(111). C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nilsson, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM nilsson@slac.stanford.edu RI Yamamoto, Susumu/C-1584-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009; OI Yamamoto, Susumu/0000-0002-6116-7993; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079; Andersson, Klas J./0000-0002-6064-5658 NR 33 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 7848 EP 7850 DI 10.1021/jp0731654 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 172ZD UT WOS:000246842400003 ER PT J AU Yu, CH Lo, CCH Tam, K Tsang, SC AF Yu, Chih Hao Lo, Chester C. H. Tam, Kin Tsang, Shik Chi TI Monodisperse binary nanocomposite in silica with enhanced magnetization for magnetic separation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FCT FEPT NANOPARTICLES; SIZE-CONTROLLED FCC; NANOCRYSTALS; BACTERIA AB The majority of research on magnetic nanoparticles has focused on optical, electrical, and magnetic storage areas. Recently, the application of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetically separable nanovehicles for chemical or biological species has become an area of intensive research but with rather different challenging criteria that are yet to be addressed. For example, the enhancement of intrinsically weak magnetic properties, avoidance of magnetic interactions among particles, and improvement of the stability of the nanoparticles remain key issues. Here, it is demonstrated using sequential nanochemistry preparation techniques that exchange-coupled nanomagnets, such as FePt-Fe3Pt or FePt-Fe3O4 with dramatically enhanced magnetization, can be placed inside a silica nanosphere. The advantages of enhanced magnetization and the provision of protective coating and anchored sites on the silica shell surface render these new coated particles suitable for use in magnetic separation. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Surface & Catalysis Res Ctr, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, England. RP Tsang, SC (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Surface & Catalysis Res Ctr, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. EM s.c.e.tsang@reading.ac.uk RI Tam, Kin/A-7812-2011 OI Tam, Kin/0000-0001-5507-8524 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 7879 EP 7882 DI 10.1021/jp071289a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 172ZD UT WOS:000246842400008 ER PT J AU Lu, N Ciobanu, CV Chan, TL Chuang, FC Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Lu, Ning Ciobanu, Cristian V. Chan, Tzu-Liang Chuang, Feng-Chuan Wang, Cai-Zhuang Ho, Kai-Ming TI The structure of ultrathin H-passivated [112] silicon nanowires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACES; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; OXIDE AB We report on the atomic structure and energetics of H-passivated silicon nanowires that are oriented along the [112] crystallographic direction and have effective diameters of approximately 1 nm and below. Using a genetic algorithm structural optimization followed by ab initio density functional theory calculations, we find that at certain values of the hydrogen chemical potential the nanowires can take relatively stable (magic) structures with rectangular cross sections bounded by monohydride {110} and {111} facets with dihydride wire edges. Variations in the chemical potential of hydrogen alter the wire structures retrieved by the optimization, the most prominent example of this being that the {111} nanofacets acquire trihydride terminations instead of monohydride ones when the H chemical potential is raised. While the trihydride-passivated wires have already been experimentally observed, the magic-number monohydride-facetted wires found here may serve as useful predictions to be tested in the future. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ciobanu, CV (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; lu, ning/H-1993-2011; Chan, Tzu-Liang/C-3260-2015; Chuang, FengChuan/H-7166-2013 OI Chan, Tzu-Liang/0000-0002-9655-0917; Chuang, FengChuan/0000-0003-0351-4253 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 7933 EP 7937 DI 10.1021/jp072519o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 172ZD UT WOS:000246842400017 ER PT J AU Senanayake, SD Waterhouse, GIN Chan, ASY Madey, TE Mullins, DR Idriss, H AF Senanayake, S. D. Waterhouse, G. I. N. Chan, A. S. Y. Madey, T. E. Mullins, D. R. Idriss, H. TI Probing surface oxidation of reduced uranium dioxide thin film using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID UO2(111) SINGLE-CRYSTAL; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE UO2; TIO2(001) SURFACES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO OXIDATION; WATER-VAPOR; GAS SENSOR; ACETALDEHYDE AB The work presents a study of the formation of defects created by argon ion sputtering of UO2 thin film surfaces using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with photon energy of 625 eV. Stable-defected surfaces of UO2-x were monitored by the uranium core level lines found at the low-binding energy side of the U+4 features. The lower end of these states gave binding energies at 377.1 and 387.7 eV attributed to U4f(7/2) and U4f(5/2) core levels peaks, respectively, for metallic uranium (U-0). In between both states (U-0 and U+4), the clear presence of other electronic states is observed. These lines are attributed to intermediate, metastable states of uranium ions between U-0 and U+4. Temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed to observe the oxidation process of these reduced states with increasing temperature. The increase in the U+4 intensity is not correlated with the decrease of U ions signal with lower oxidation states indicating that the limitation is the photoelectron escape depth. In other words, sputtering has created reduced clusters or ridges on the surface of average dimensions larger than the escape depth of the 4f photoelectron with kinetic energy of 225 eV. The activation energy for surface oxidation to U+4 is approximate to 20 kJ mol(-1). This value is close to other values reported for vacancy-type diffusion mechanism in the fluorite structure. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Idriss, H (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. RI Waterhouse, Geoffrey/G-1688-2011; Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009; OI Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232; Waterhouse, Geoffrey/0000-0002-3296-3093 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 7963 EP 7970 DI 10.1021/jp068828g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 172ZD UT WOS:000246842400021 ER PT J AU Cabrera-Sanfelix, P Portal, DS Verdaguer, A Darling, GR Salmeron, M Arnau, A AF Cabrera-Sanfelix, Pepa Portal, Daniel Sanchez Verdaguer, Albert Darling, George R. Salmeron, Miquel Arnau, Andres TI Spontaneous emergence of Cl- anions from NaCl(100) at low relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; WATER-ADSORPTION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURES; NACL(001) SURFACE; SEA-SALT; NACL; FILMS; CONDENSATION; INTERFACES AB The emergence of Cl- ions from the surface of alkali halide salts at low relative humidity (RH) is predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and supported by contact potential measurements. We find from DFT that, in the presence of water at the regime of one monolayer coverage on the (100) cleavage plane of NaCl, Cl- ions are displaced at very low energetic cost from their crystal lattice positions toward the plane of water molecules. Starting from plausible low-temperature layered structures, we use total energy DFT to calculate the energy cost to bring Cl- ions to the height of the water layer. We show the importance of the screening of the electrostatic interactions by the water layer in order to explain our findings and to determine the value of the surface dipole as a function of the chloride position. The theoretical surface dipole is used to estimate the concentration of raised Cl- ions at the surface. As dissolved chloride ions are the reactive component of the sea salt aerosols at high RH, we propose that the facile destabilization of Cl- is one of the mechanisms behind the catalytic activity of NaCl at low RH on reactions involving atmospheric gases. C1 DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. UPV, CSIC, Unidad Fis Mat, San Sebastian, Spain. Inst Catala Nanotecnol, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian, Spain. RP Cabrera-Sanfelix, P (reprint author), DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. EM swbcasam@sc.ehu.es RI Verdaguer, Albert/A-4303-2008; Sanchez-Portal, Daniel /E-5858-2010; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; arnau, andres/H-7901-2012 OI Verdaguer, Albert/0000-0002-4855-821X; arnau, andres/0000-0001-5281-3212 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 22 BP 8000 EP 8004 DI 10.1021/jp070548t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 172ZD UT WOS:000246842400026 ER PT J AU Spendelow, JS Wieckowski, A AF Spendelow, Jacob S. Wieckowski, Andrzej TI Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and small alcohol oxidation in alkaline media SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; RING-DISK ELECTRODE; PLATINUM-MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; METHANOL FUEL-CELL; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; O-2 REDUCTION; RUTHENIUM ELECTRODE; CARBON ELECTRODES; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE AB We present here a critical review of several technologically important electrocatalytic systems operating in alkaline electrolytes. These include the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring on catalysts containing Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, or Ag, the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) occurring on Pt-containing catalysts, and the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) occurring on Ni-Co-Fe alloy catalysts. Each of these catalytic systems is relevant to alkaline fuel cell (AFC) technology, while the ORR systems are also relevant to chlor-alkali electrolysis and metal-air batteries. The use of alkaline media presents advantages both in electrocatalytic activity and in materials stability and corrosion. Therefore, prospects for the continued development of alkaline electrocatalytic systems, including alkaline fuel cells, seem very promising. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wieckowski, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 1209 W Calif St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM andrzej@scs.uiuc.edu NR 233 TC 456 Z9 467 U1 78 U2 653 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 21 BP 2654 EP 2675 DI 10.1039/b703315j PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 179TW UT WOS:000247314000013 PM 17627310 ER PT J AU Newhauser, W Fontenot, J Koch, N Dong, L Lee, A Zheng, YS Waters, L Mohan, R AF Newhauser, Wayne Fontenot, Jonas Koch, Nicholas Dong, Lei Lee, Andrew Zheng, Yuanshui Waters, Laurie Mohan, Radhe TI Monte Carlo simulations of the dosimetric impact of radiopaque fiducial markers for proton radiotherapy of the prostate SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE u ID NONRADIOACTIVE GOLD SEED; BEAMS; THERAPY; EXPERIENCE; IMPLANTS; PRECISE; CANCER; MOTION AB Many clinical studies have demonstrated that implanted radiopaque fiducial markers improve targeting accuracy in external-beam radiotherapy, but little is known about the dose perturbations these markers may cause in patients receiving proton radiotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine what types of implantable markers are visible in setup radiographs and, at the same time, perturb the therapeutic proton dose to the prostate by less than 10%. The radiographic visibility of the markers was assessed by visual inspection of lateral setup radiographs of a pelvic phantom using a kilovoltage x-ray imaging system. The fiducial-induced perturbations in the proton dose were estimated with Monte Carlo simulations. The influence of marker material, size, placement depth and orientation within the pelvis was examined. The radiographic tests confirmed that gold and stainless steel markers were clearly visible and that titanium markers were not. The Monte Carlo simulations revealed that titanium and stainless steel markers minimally perturbed the proton beam, but gold markers cast unacceptably large dose shadows. A 0.9mm diameter, 3.1 mm long cylindrical stainless steel marker provides good radiographic visibility yet perturbs the proton dose distribution in the prostate by less than 8% when using a parallel opposed lateral beam arrangement. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Newhauser, W (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wnewhaus@mdanderson.org OI Dong, Lei/0000-0003-2623-3198 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2937 EP 2952 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/52/11/001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 168WA UT WOS:000246553500001 PM 17505081 ER PT J AU Ibe, M Nakayama, Y Yanagida, TT AF Ibe, M. Nakayama, Y. Yanagida, T. T. TI Conformal gauge mediation SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; DUALITY; FERMIONS; VACUA AB We propose a one-parameter theory for gauge mediation of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking. The spectrum of SUSY particles such as squarks and sleptons in the SUSY standard-model and the dynamics of SUSY-breaking sector are, in principle, determined only by one parameter in the theory, that is, the mass of messengers. Above the messenger threshold all gauge coupling and Yukawa coupling constants in the SUSY-breaking sector are on the infrared fixed point. We find that the present theory may predict a split spectrum of the standard-model SUSY particles, m(gaugino) < m(sfermion), where m(gaugino) and m(sfermion) are SUSY-breaking masses for gauginos and squarks/sleptons, respectively. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Nakayama, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM nakayama@hep-th.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Yanagida, Tsutomu/A-4394-2011 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 4 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.002 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 187KQ UT WOS:000247846900010 ER PT J AU Yiotis, AG Tsimpanogiannis, IN Stubos, AK Yortsos, YC AF Yiotis, Andreas G. Tsimpanogiannis, Ioannis N. Stubos, Athanassios K. Yortsos, Yannis C. TI Coupling between external and internal mass transfer during drying of a porous medium SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PORE-NETWORK; SOLUTE DIFFUSION; WETTING LIQUID; BUBBLE-GROWTH; MODEL; FLOW; EVAPORATION; SIMULATION; CORNERS AB [1] We present a pore-network model for drying processes in porous media that couples convective-diffusive mass transfer over the external surface of a porous medium with mass transport mechanisms within the porous material, namely, the flow through liquid films that form at the pore walls and diffusion of the liquid vapors through the dry pores. We study the effects of the external boundary layer thickness, a film-based capillary number, and the Peclet number of the purge gas that flows over the porous medium surface on the shape of the drying curves and the overall recovery times. We show that the drying rate remains practically constant, as long as the liquid films span across the entire pore network and provide hydraulic connectivity between the bulk liquid front and the product surface. This condition is satisfied when the drying process is controlled by the external mass transfer over the porous medium surface, rather than mass transport ( through films and diffusion) within the porous material, e. g., for large values of the boundary layer thickness and small values of the film-based capillary number. Our results explain previously reported experimental findings and provide a rigorous explanation of the experimentally reported constant-rate period. C1 Demokritos Natl Ctr Sci Res, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Yiotis, AG (reprint author), Demokritos Natl Ctr Sci Res, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece. EM yiotis@ipta.demokritos.gr RI Yiotis, Andreas/M-7927-2015 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 AR W06403 DI 10.1029/2006WR005558 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 177HB UT WOS:000247143100005 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Perelson, Alan S. TI Hepatitis C virus RNA kinetics: Drug efficacy and the rate of HCV-infected cells loss SO WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTIVIRAL THERAPY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754, R01 RR006555] NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W J G PRESS PI BEIJING PA APT 1066, YISHOU GARDEN, NO 58, NORTH LANGXINZHUANG RD, PO BOX 2345, BEIJING 100023, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1007-9327 J9 WORLD J GASTROENTERO JI World J. Gastroenterol. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 13 IS 21 BP 3020 EP 3021 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 180SI UT WOS:000247385700021 PM 17589958 ER PT J AU Calder, RB Beems, RB van Steeg, H Mian, IS Lohman, PHM Vijg, J AF Calder, R. Brent Beems, Rudolf B. van Steeg, Harry Mian, I. Saira Lohman, Paul H. M. Vijg, Jan TI MPHASYS: a mouse phenotype analysis system SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGY; DATABASE; MUTAGENESIS; PATHOLOGY; ONTOLOGY; TOOL AB Background: Systematic, high-throughput studies of mouse phenotypes have been hampered by the inability to analyze individual animal data from a multitude of sources in an integrated manner. Studies generally make comparisons at the level of genotype or treatment thereby excluding associations that may be subtle or involve compound phenotypes. Additionally, the lack of integrated, standardized ontologies and methodologies for data exchange has inhibited scientific collaboration and discovery. Results: Here we introduce a Mouse Phenotype Analysis System (MPHASYS), a platform for integrating data generated by studies of mouse models of human biology and disease such as aging and cancer. This computational platform is designed to provide a standardized methodology for working with animal data; a framework for data entry, analysis and sharing; and ontologies and methodologies for ensuring accurate data capture. We describe the tools that currently comprise MPHASYS, primarily ones related to mouse pathology, and outline its use in a study of individual animal-specific patterns of multiple pathology in mice harboring a specific germline mutation in the DNA repair and transcription-specific gene Xpd. Conclusion: MPHASYS is a system for analyzing multiple data types from individual animals. It provides a framework for developing data analysis applications, and tools for collecting and distributing high-quality data. The software is platform independent and freely available under an open-source license [1]. C1 Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Vijg, J (reprint author), Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. EM bcalder@buckinstitute.org; r.beems@rivm.nl; h.van.steeg@rivm.nl; smian@lbl.gov; lohmanp@xs4all.nl; jvijg@buckinstitute.org FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG017242, AG 17242]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11044, U01 ES011044]; NLM NIH HHS [P41 LM007885, LM007885] NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 183 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-183 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 183CR UT WOS:000247550800001 PM 17553167 ER PT J AU Kvashnina, KO Butorin, SM Modin, A Soroka, I Marcellini, M Guo, JH Werme, L Nordgren, J AF Kvashnina, K. O. Butorin, S. M. Modin, A. Soroka, I. Marcellini, M. Guo, J.-H. Werme, L. Nordgren, J. TI Changes in electronic structure of copper films in aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RAY-EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BICARBONATE IONS; CU; EXCITATIONS; CORROSION; SPECTRA; STABILITY AB The possibilities for using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the Cu oxidation state and changes in the electronic structure during interaction between copper and ground-water solutions were examined. Surface modifications induced by chemical reactions of oxidized 100 A Cu films with Cl-, SO42- 4 and HCO3- ions in aqueous solutions with various concentrations were studied in situ using liquid cells. Copper corrosion processes in ground water were monitored for up to nine days. By comparing Cu 2p-3d, 4s transitions for a number of reference substances previously measured, changes in electronic structure of the Cu films were analysed. The XAS and RIXS spectral shape at the Cu edge, the chemical shift of the main line for Cu2+, and the energy positions of the observed satellites served as a tool for monitoring the changes during the reaction. It was found that the pH value and the Cl- concentration in solutions strongly affect the speed of the corrosion reaction. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kvashnina, KO (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Kristina.Kvashnina@fysik.uu.se RI Marcellini, Moreno/H-1011-2011; Kvashnina, Kristina/O-2374-2016; OI Kvashnina, Kristina/0000-0003-4447-4542; Marcellini, Moreno/0000-0002-1434-5611 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 22 AR 226002 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/22/226002 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 169BU UT WOS:000246568500013 ER PT J AU Bauer, CA Timofeeva, TV Settersten, TB Patterson, BD Liu, VH Simmons, BA Allendorf, MD AF Bauer, Christina A. Timofeeva, Tatiana V. Settersten, Thomas B. Patterson, Brian D. Liu, Vincent H. Simmons, Blake A. Allendorf, Mark D. TI Influence of connectivity and porosity on ligand-based luminescence in zinc metal-organic frameworks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MICROPOROUS METAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POROUS MATERIAL; STILBENE; DESIGN; MOF-5; PHOTOISOMERIZATION AB Applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) require close correlation between their structure and function. We describe the preparation and characterization of two zinc MOFs based on a flexible and emissive linker molecule, stilbene, which retains its luminescence within these solid materials. Reaction of trans-4,4 '-stilbene dicarboxylic acid and zinc nitrate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded a dense 2-D network, 1>, featuring zinc in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination environments connected by trans-stilbene links. Similar reaction in N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) at higher temperatures resulted in a porous, 3-D framework structure, 2. This framework consists of two interpenetrating cubic lattices, each featuring basic zinc carboxylate vertices joined by trans-stilbene, analogous to the isoreticular MOF (IRMOF) series. We demonstrate that the optical properties of both 1 and 2 correlate with the local ligand environments observed in the crystal structures. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements reveal that the stilbene linkers in the dense structure 1 exhibit a small degree of interchromophore coupling. In contrast, the stilbenoid units in 2 display very little interaction in this low-density 3-D framework, with excitation and emission spectra characteristic of monomeric stilbenes, similar to the dicarboxylic acid in dilute solution. In both cases, the rigidity of the stilbene linker increases upon coordination to the inorganic units through inhibition of torsion about the central ethylene bond, resulting in luminescent crystals with increased emission lifetimes compared to solutions of trans-stilbene. The emission spectrum of 2 is found to depend on the nature of the incorporated solvent molecules, suggesting use of this or related materials in sensor applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009; OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 59 TC 430 Z9 434 U1 40 U2 300 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 22 BP 7136 EP 7144 DI 10.1021/ja0700395 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 172ZP UT WOS:000246843600040 PM 17503820 ER PT J AU Zou, FL Furno, F Fox, T Schmalle, HW Berke, H Eckert, J Chowdhury, Z Burger, P AF Zou, Fenglou Furno, Franck Fox, Thomas Schmalle, Helmut W. Berke, Heinz Eckert, Juergen Chowdhury, Zema Burger, Peter TI trans-W(Cmesityl)(dmpe)(2)H: Revealing a highly polar w-h bond and h-mobility in liquid and solid state SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DEUTERON MAGNETIC RESONANCE; HYDRIDE TRANSFER-REACTIONS; TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; H-2 NMR; ASYMMETRY PARAMETERS; IONIC HYDROGENATIONS; NUCLEOPHILIC-ATTACK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The isotopomeric complexes trans-W(Cmesityl)[(C(H,D)(3))(2)PCH2CH2P(C(H,D)(3))(2)](2)(H,D) 1-4 were prepared. 2 (W(C-mesityl)(dmpe)(2)D) was used to study the Deuterium Quadrupole Coupling Constant (DQCC) and the ionicity of the W-D bond (DQCC = 34.1 kHz; ionicity 85%). 1 (W(C-mesityl)(dmpe)(2)H) shows several dynamic exchange processes in solution, such as H-W/H-W, H-W/ortho-Me-mesityl, and H-W/H-2 exchanges observed by NMR in combination with deuterium labeling studies and double label crossover experiments. Except for the H-W/H-2, these reactions comprise elementary steps, which also appear along the isomerization pathway of 1 into (2,3,5-trimethylphenylcarbyne)(dmpe)(2)WH (5) at 60 degrees C. 5 was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. In the solid state only an H-W/Me-p exchange process prevails appearing at higher temperatures, which was identified by NMR and by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering. The latter also provided an activation barrier of 5 kcal/mol and a "jump width" for the moving H nucleus in agreement with the H-W center dot center dot center dot Me-p distance of the X-ray diffraction study of 1. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Anorgan Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berke, H (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Anorgan Chem, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 22 BP 7195 EP 7205 DI 10.1021/ja069140k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 172ZP UT WOS:000246843600046 PM 17497859 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS Arkin, AP AF Andrews, Steven S. Arkin, Adam P. TI Systems biology: A switch for sex SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; CELL; BACTERIA; PATHWAYS; CYCLE AB The yeast pheromone response pathway works in a graded fashion, such that more pheromone leads to more response, but a recent study has shown that small modifications convert it into a bistable switch, with implications for the evolution and engineering of reaction networks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssandrews@lbl.gov; aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 11 BP R410 EP R412 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.060 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 178BL UT WOS:000247196100014 PM 17550765 ER PT J AU Niu, ZW Bruckman, MA Li, SQ Lee, LA Lee, B Pingali, SV Thiyagarajan, P Wang, Q AF Niu, Zhongwei Bruckman, Michael A. Li, Siqi Lee, L. Andrew Lee, Byeongdu Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Thiyagarajan, P. Wang, Qian TI Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus into fibrous and macroscopic bundled arrays mediated by surface aniline polymerization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; MINERALIZATION; BIOTEMPLATE; NANOTUBES; CHEMISTRY; PROTEINS; FERRITIN AB One-dimensional (1D) polyaniline/tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) composite nanofibers and macroscopic bundles of such fibers were generated via a self-assembly process of TMV assisted by in-situ polymerization of polyaniline on the surface of TMV. At near-neutral reaction pH, branched polyaniline formed on the surface of TMV preventing lateral association. Therefore, long 1D nanofibers were observed with high aspect ratios and excellent processibility. At a lower pH, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that initially long nanofibers were formed which resulted in bundled structures upon long-time reaction, presumably mediated by the hydrophobic interaction because of the polyaniline on the surface of TMV. In-situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering study of TMV at different reaction conditions supported this mechanism. This novel strategy to assemble TMV into 1D and 3D supramolecular composites could be utilized in the fabrication of advanced materials for potential applications including electronics, optics, sensing, and biomedical engineering. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulse Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM blee@aps.anl.gov; thiyaga@anl.gov; wang@mail.chem.sc.edu RI niu, zhongwei/C-7671-2011; Wang, Qian/J-2144-2012; OI Pingali, Sai Venkatesh/0000-0001-7961-4176; Wang, Qian/0000-0002-2149-384X; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 52 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 12 BP 6719 EP 6724 DI 10.1021/la070096b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 172AN UT WOS:000246776600037 PM 17474763 ER PT J AU Plomp, M Leighton, TJ Wheeler, KE Hill, HD Malkin, AJ AF Plomp, Marco Leighton, Terrance J. Wheeler, Katherine E. Hill, Haley D. Malkin, Alexander J. TI In vitro high-resolution structural dynamics of single germinating bacterial spores SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; cell wall; germination; amyloid; peptidoglycan ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; COAT; SURFACES; RESISTANCE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MORPHOGENESIS; ARCHITECTURE AB Although significant progress has been achieved in understanding the genetic and biochemical bases of the spore germination process, the structural basis for breaking the dormant spore state remains poorly understood. We have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the high-resolution structural dynamics of single Bacillus atrophaeus spores germinating under native conditions. Here, we show that AFM can reveal previously unrecognized germination-induced alterations in spore coat architecture and topology as well as the disassembly of outer spore coat rodlet structures. These results and previous studies in other microorganisms suggest that the spore coat rodlets are structurally similar to amyloid fibrils. AFM analysis of the nascent surface of the emerging germ cell revealed a porous network of peptidoglycan fibers. The results are consistent with a honeycomb model structure for synthetic peptidoglycan oligomers determined by NMR. AFM is a promising experimental tool for investigating the morphogenesis of spore germination and cell wall peptidoglycan structure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem Mat & Life Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Malkin, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem Mat & Life Sci, L-234, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM malkin1@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 23 BP 9644 EP 9649 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610626104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176VX UT WOS:000247114100020 PM 17535925 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Etnier, MA Gifford-Gonzalez, D Phillips, DL van Tuinen, M Hadly, EA Costa, DP Kennett, DJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL AF Newsome, Seth D. Etnier, Michael A. Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane Phillips, Donald L. van Tuinen, Marcel Hadly, Elizabeth A. Costa, Daniel P. Kennett, Douglas J. Guilderson, Tom P. Koch, Paul L. TI The shifting baseline of northern fur seal ecology in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; historic ecology; stable isotopes; zooarchaeology; ancient DNA ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN; ISLANDS; CARBON; EVOLUTION; PINNIPEDS AB Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period approximate to 200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at approximate to 800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM snewsome@ciw.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011; Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015 OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010 NR 46 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 23 BP 9709 EP 9714 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610986104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176VX UT WOS:000247114100031 PM 17526720 ER PT J AU Chabinyc, ML Lujan, R Endicott, F Toney, MF McCulloch, I Heeney, M AF Chabinyc, Michael L. Lujan, Rene Endicott, Fred Toney, Michael F. McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin TI Effects of the surface roughness of plastic-compatible inorganic dielectrics on polymeric thin film transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY AB The effects of the roughness of the gate dielectric on the performance of thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated with poly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b] thiophene) (PBTTT-C16) were examined. The field effect mobility of coplanar TFTs made with PBTTT-C16 and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2/SiNx dielectrics decreased nearly exponentially with surface roughness. Films of PBTTT-C16 have similar crystalline structure on smooth and rough surfaces, but the domain size decreases with increasing roughness. Surface roughness was found to have less of an impact on field effect mobility than the chemical treatment of the dielectric. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 PARC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Res Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Merck Chem, Southampton S0167QD, Hants, England. RP Chabinyc, ML (reprint author), PARC, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM mchabinyc@parc.com RI Chabinyc, Michael/E-2387-2011; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 233508 DI 10.1063/1.2746955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500085 ER PT J AU Gao, YH Shindo, D Bao, YP Krishnan, K AF Gao, Youhui Shindo, Daisuke Bao, Yuping Krishnan, Kannan TI Electron holography of core-shell Co/CoO spherical nanocrystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COBALT NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES AB Phase profiles of core-shell Co/CoO nanocrystals are imaged using off-axis electron holography. Contributions of mean inner potential and magnetic induction to the phase shift are extracted, respectively, to quantitatively characterize the nanocrystal geometry and magnetic spin arrangement in a self-assembled nanocrystal chain. It is also found that the spin of 11 nm diameter Co core encapsulated with 5-nm-thick CoO shell remains stable even at an elevated temperature of 200 degrees C, indicating that the magnetically thermal stability of cobalt nanocrystals is remarkably improved due to the exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic core and antiferromagnetic shell. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol Biomat, MPA Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gao, YH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ygao@bnu.edu.cn RI Shindo, Daisuke/I-3865-2012 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 233105 DI 10.1063/1.2747052 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500063 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Sun, Y Pianetta, P Maldonado, JR Pease, RFW Schuetter, S AF Liu, Zhi Sun, Yun Pianetta, Piero Maldonado, Juan R. Pease, R. F. W. Schuetter, Scott TI High current density GaN/CsBr heterojunction photocathode with improved photoyield SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY RECOVERY LINACS; ALKALI-HALIDES; LITHOGRAPHY; LCLS AB A four fold improvement in photoyield has been observed in GaN films coated with CsBr films (CsBr/GaN) relative to CsBr/Cr photocathodes reported in previous studies. A model is presented involving photoemission from intraband states in the CsBr film and direct electron injection through the CsBr film from the GaN substrate. The lifetime of the films at high current density > 90 A/cm(2) is limited by the temperature rise in the GaN films caused by the high photon absorption at 257 nm. The lifetime can be improved by utilizing a cooled substrate or a high thermal conductivity substrate under the GaN films. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Mech, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zhiliu@stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 231115 DI 10.1063/1.2746959 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500015 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Martin, I Movshovich, R Pelekhov, DV Hammel, PC Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Houston, B Mewes, T AF Nazaretski, E. Martin, I. Movshovich, R. Pelekhov, D. V. Hammel, P. C. Zalalutdinov, M. Baldwin, J. W. Houston, B. Mewes, T. TI Ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy on a thin permalloy film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy (FMRFM) offers a means of performing local ferromagnetic resonance. The authors have studied the evolution of the FMRFM force spectra in a continuous 50 nm thick permalloy film as a function of probe-film distance and performed numerical simulations of the intensity of the FMRFM probe-film interaction force, accounting for the presence of the localized strongly nonuniform magnetic field of the FMRFM probe magnet. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results provides insight into the mechanism of FMR mode excitation in a FMRFM experiment. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evgnaz@lanl.gov RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 234105 DI 10.1063/1.2747171 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500099 ER PT J AU Sun, CJ Wu, Y Xu, ZH Hu, B Bai, JM Wang, JP Shen, J AF Sun, Cheng-Jun Wu, Yue Xu, Zhihua Hu, Bin Bai, Jianmin Wang, Jian-Ping Shen, Jian TI Enhancement of quantum efficiency of organic light emitting devices by doping magnetic nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DEPENDENT ELECTRON; DIODES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; TRANSPORT AB Magnetic nanoparticles of CoFe are used as dopants to enhance the quantum efficiency of electroluminance in a single layer organic light emitting device (OLED). The enhancement of quantum efficiency increases with both increasing density of CoFe nanoparticles and external magnetic field. For a given OLED with 0.1 wt % doping, the enhancement of the quantum efficiency reaches similar to 27% and similar to 32% without and with a magnetic field, respectively. The origin of these improvements could be attributed to the simultaneous increases of the portion of excitons among total charge carriers and the fraction of singlets among the total excitons (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Micromagnet & Informat Technol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shenj@ornl.gov RI Xu, Zhihua/G-3956-2011; Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015 OI Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 232110 DI 10.1063/1.2746415 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500038 ER PT J AU Yang, H Suvorova, NA Jain, M Kang, BS Li, Y Hawley, ME Dowden, PC DePaula, RF Jia, QX Lu, CJ AF Yang, H. Suvorova, N. A. Jain, M. Kang, B. S. Li, Y. Hawley, M. E. Dowden, P. C. DePaula, R. F. Jia, Q. X. Lu, C. J. TI Effective thickness and dielectric constant of interfacial layers of Pt/Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12/SrRuO3 capacitors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; DEAD-LAYER; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; INJECTION AB Epitaxial c-axis-oriented Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT) thin films with thickness ranging from 150 to 350 nm were deposited on conductive SrRuO3 (SRO) on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The top Pt electrode was deposited by sputtering to construct a capacitor Pt/BNT/SRO. The authors have evaluated the effective thickness (t(i)) and dielectric constant (epsilon(i)) of interfacial layers at the Pt/BNT and BNT/SRO interfaces based on the optical refractive index of the BNT layer and the capacitance frequency as well as the current-voltage characteristics of the capacitors. Using a series capacitor model, they have found that the dielectric constant of bulk BNT and the t(i)/epsilon(i) ratio are 586 and 1.46 nm, respectively. Knowing the optical dielectric constant (epsilon(opt)) and the product of epsilon(opt)t(i) of BNT thin films, the authors have estimated that the effective thickness and dielectric constant of the interfacial layers are 20.1 nm and 13.7, respectively. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hubei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. Qingdao Univ, Dept Phys, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hyang@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 232909 DI 10.1063/1.2746953 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500056 ER PT J AU Kaiser, RI Belau, L Leone, SR Ahmed, M Wang, YM Braams, BJ Bowman, JM AF Kaiser, Ralf I. Belau, Leonid Leone, Stephen R. Ahmed, Musahid Wang, Yimin Braams, Bastiaan J. Bowman, Joel M. TI A combined experimental and computational study on the ionization energies of the cyclic and linear C3H isomers SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; chemical dynamics; interstellar chemistry; ionization potentials; reactive intermediates ID SYNCHROTRON PHOTOIONIZATION MEASUREMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; EFFICIENCY; FLAMES AB For the first time, two hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon radicals are generated in situ via laser ablation of graphite and seeding the ablated species in acetylene gas, which acts as a carrier and reactant simultaneously. By recording photoionization efficiency curves (PIE) and simulating the experimental spectrum with computed Franck-Condon (FC) factors, we can reproduce the general pattern of the PIE curve of m/z = 37. We recover ionization energies of 9.15 eV and 9.76 eV for the linear and cyclic isomers, respectively. Our combined experimental and theoretical studies provide an unprecedented, versatile pathway to investigate the ionization energies of even more complex hydrocarbon radicals in situ, which are difficult to prepare by classical synthesis, in future experiments. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kaiser, RI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kaiser@gold.chem.hawaii.edu RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011 OI Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1236 EP 1239 DI 10.1002/cphc.200700109 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178WA UT WOS:000247249600014 PM 17429825 ER PT J AU Jain, M Lin, Y Shukla, P Li, Y Wang, H Hundley, MF Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM Foltyn, SR Jia, QX AF Jain, M. Lin, Y. Shukla, P. Li, Y. Wang, H. Hundley, M. F. Burrell, A. K. McCleskey, T. M. Foltyn, S. R. Jia, Q. X. TI Ferroic metal-oxide films grown by polymer assisted deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Nanoscale Functional Oxide Films held at the EMRS 2006 Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE polymer assisted deposition; BST; colossal magnetoresistance; ferroelectric; tunability ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; LA0.67SR0.33MNO3; LA0.67CA0.33MNO3; PEROVSKITES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; CERAMICS AB yPolymer assisted deposition is a versatile technique to grow simple and complex metal-oxide thin films. In this paper we report the structural and electrical properties of ferroic materials, namely La0.67M0.33MnO3 (M = Sr and Ca) and Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x= 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) prepared using this process. The films were prepared on single crystalline LaAlO3 substrates. The films were highly c-axis oriented and epitaxial in nature. The ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films show intrinsic transport properties with maximum magnetoresistance values (at applied field of 5 T) of -50% and -88%, respectively. The highest dielectric constant (similar to 1010) and tunability (similar to 69%) of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 film occurs at x=0.3 for films, which is at the phase boundary of tetragonal and cubic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mjain@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 16 BP 6411 EP 6415 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.11.144 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 175WP UT WOS:000247045000026 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, SK Gapud, AA Varela, M Abiade, JT Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ Kumar, D AF Viswanathan, S. K. Gapud, A. A. Varela, M. Abiade, J. T. Christen, D. K. Pennycook, S. J. Kumar, D. TI Enhancement of critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films by self-assembly of Y2O3 nanoparticulates SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Nanoscale Functional Oxide Films held at the EMRS 2006 Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE superconductivity; nanodots; critical current density; flux pinning ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; DEFECTS AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films, possessing high critical current density (J(c)), have been synthesized by embedding a homogeneous array of Y2O3 non-superconducting nanoclusters/nanoparticles using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The size, interparticle spacing, and density of Y2O3 nanoparticles in YBCO thin films were tailored by varying the number of laser pulses in order to determine the optimum size for effective immobilization of vortices. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic number contrast and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the size and structure of the nanoparticles. Both techniques indicate that the Y2O3 Particles are epitaxial with respect to the surrounding YBCO matrix. The information about pinning of vortices by the nanoparticles was obtained by investigating the behavior of critical current density as a function of temperature and applied field, which in turn determines the vortex density in the sample. The superconducting transition temperature (T-c) of YBCO films with the inclusion of nanoparticles was observed to remain almost the same or decrease marginally (1-2 K) with respect to T-c of pure YBCO films deposited under identical conditions. However, J(c)s of YBCO films embedded with self-assembled nanoparticles were found to be significantly higher than that of pure YBCO films. The J(c) enhancement was up to five times in high magnetic field, which is a key requirement for practical application of high-T-c materials. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM dkumar@ncat.edu RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 16 BP 6452 EP 6455 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.11.120 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 175WP UT WOS:000247045000033 ER PT J AU Lubin, D Vogelmann, AM AF Lubin, Dan Vogelmann, Andrew M. TI Expected magnitude of the aerosol shortwave indirect effect in springtime Arctic liquid water clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE SENSORS; PART II; SURFACE; MICROPHYSICS; RETRIEVALS; RADIATION; MODELS; SHEBA; EMISSIVITY; ABSORPTION AB Radiative transfer simulations are used to assess the expected magnitude of the diurnally-averaged shortwave aerosol first indirect effect in Arctic liquid water clouds, in the context of recently discovered longwave surface heating of order 3 to 8 W m(-2) by this same aerosol effect detected at the Barrow, Alaska, ARM Site. We find that during March and April, shortwave surface cooling by the first indirect effect is comparable in magnitude to the longwave surface heating. During May and June, the shortwave surface cooling exceeds the longwave heating. Due to multiple reflection of photons between the snow or sea ice surface and cloud base, the shortwave first indirect effect may be easier to detect in surface radiation measurements than from space. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lubin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dlubin@ucsd.edu RI Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11801 DI 10.1029/2006GL028750 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 174KF UT WOS:000246940100001 ER PT J AU Gamez, P Mooibroek, TJ Teat, SJ Reedijk, J AF Gamez, Patrick Mooibroek, Tiddo J. Teat, Simon J. Reedijk, Jan TI Anion binding involving pi-acidic heteroaromatic rings SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID DEFICIENT 1,3,5-TRIAZINE RING; CATION-PI; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; AB-INITIO; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; COMPLEXES; COORDINATION; RECEPTORS; CATALYSIS; LIGANDS AB Anions are essential species in biological systems and, particularly, in enzymesubstrate recognition. Therefore, the design and preparation of anion receptors is a topical field of supramolecular chemistry. Most hostguest systems successfully developed are based on noncovalent (ionic and hydrogen-bonded) interactions between anions and ammonium-type functionalities or Lewis acid groups. However, since the past 5 years, an alternative route toward the synthesis of efficient anion hosts has emerged, namely, the use of anionremmove interactions involving nitrogen-containing electron-deficient aromatic rings, as the result of several favorable theoretical investigations. In this Account, the state of the (new) art in this growing area of anion-binding research is presented and several selected examples from our work and that of other groups will be discussed. C1 Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ALS, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gamez, P (reprint author), Leiden Inst Chem, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Mooibroek, Tiddo/I-5148-2014 OI Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Mooibroek, Tiddo/0000-0002-9086-1343 NR 55 TC 363 Z9 364 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1021/ar7000099 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 180DH UT WOS:000247340200006 PM 17439191 ER PT J AU Lenard, RX Andrews, DG AF Lenard, Roger X. Andrews, Dana G. TI Use of Mini-Mag Orion and superconducting coils for near-term interstellar transportation SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation (IAF) CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Int Astronaut Federat, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Inst Space Law AB Interstellar transportation to nearby star systems over periods shorter than the human lifetime requires speeds in the range of 0.1-0.15 c and relatively high accelerations. These speeds are not attainable using rockets, even with advanced fusion engines because at these velocities, the energy density of the spacecraft approaches the energy density of the fuel. Anti-matter engines are theoretically possible but current physical limitations would have to be suspended to get the mass densities required. Interstellar rarnjets have not proven practicable, so this leaves beamed momentum propulsion or a continuously fueled Mag-Orion system as the remaining candidates. However, deceleration is also a major issue, but part of the Mini-Mag Orion approach assists in solving this problem. This paper reviews the state of the art from a Phases I and II SBIT between Sandia National Laboratories and Andrews Space, applying our results to near-term interstellar travel. A 1000T crewed spacecraft and propulsion system dry mass at. 1c contains similar to 9 x 10(21) J. The author has generated technology requirements elsewhere for use of fission power reactors and conventional Brayton cycle machinery to propel a spacecraft using electric propulsion. Here we replace the electric power conversion, radiators, power generators and electric thrusters with a Mini-Mag Orion fission-fusion hybrid. Only a small fraction of fission fuel is actually carried with the spacecraft, the remainder of the propellant (macro-particles of fissionable material with a D-T core) is beamed to the spacecraft, and the total beam energy requirement for an interstellar probe mission is roughly 10(20) J, which would require the complete fissioning of 1000 ton of Uranium assuming 35% power plant efficiency. This is roughly equivalent to a recurring cost per flight of 3.0 billion dollars in reactor grade enriched uranium using today's prices. Therefore, interstellar flight is an expensive proposition, but not unaffordable, if the nonrecurring costs of building the power plant can be minimized. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Andrews Space, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Lenard, RX (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rxlenar@sandia.gov; dandrews@andrews-space.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUN-AUG PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1-6 SI SI BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.052 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 177MQ UT WOS:000247157600052 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U AF Schlueter, John A. Geiser, Urs TI Poly[tetraphenylphosphonium copper(I)-di-mu(2)-dicyanamido] SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; CRYSTAL SUPRAMOLECULAR MOTIFS; PHENYL EMBRACES; COORDINATION POLYMERS; DICYANAMIDE ANION; CATIONS; MAGNETISM; MN; MAGNETIZATION; N(CN)(2)(-) AB In the title compound, {(C24H20P)[Cu(C2N3)(2)]}(n), the copper(I) dicyanamide anion forms a distorted three-dimensional single diamondoid network. Templating tetraphenylphosphonium cations reside within the cavities of the polymeric anion. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 BP M235 EP M237 DI 10.1107/S0108270107015387 PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 189HY UT WOS:000247981200002 PM 17551176 ER PT J AU Biadene, M Hazemann, I Cousido, A Ginell, S Jochimiak, A Sheldrick, GM Podjarny, A Schneider, D AF Biadene, Marianna Hazemann, Isabelle Cousido, Alexandra Ginell, Steve Jochimiak, Andrzej Sheldrick, George M. Podjarny, Alberto Schneider, Thomas R. TI The atomic resolution structure of human aldose reductase reveals that rearrangement of a bound ligand allows the opening of the safety-belt loop SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS; KINETIC MECHANISM; DRUG DESIGN; BINDING; INHIBITORS; COMPLEX; ENZYME; HOLOENZYME; SITE AB The crystal structure of human aldose reductase in complex with citrate has been determined to a resolution of 0.82 angstrom. The difference electron density for H atoms unequivocally shows that the cofactor is in the oxidized state corresponding to the situation after the catalytic event has occurred. A citrate, molecule bound to the active site has been modelled in two. different conformations. These two conformations correlate with a fully closed and a partially open conformation of the so-called safety-belt loop (Gly21.3-Ser226). The open conformation is observed for the first time with the cofactor bound to the protein and may be related to the initial phase of the opening of the safety belt. The structure suggests that after the catalytic event, a rearrangement of a bound ligand can trigger the opening of the safety-belt loop, thus initiating the release of the oxidized cofactor. C1 Univ Gottingen, Lehrstuhl Strukturchem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. ULP, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC,UPR Biol Struct, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Mol Oncol Fdn, IFOM, FIRC, I-20139 Milan, Italy. European Inst Oncol, I-20141 Milan, Italy. RP Schneider, D (reprint author), DESY, EMBL, Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. EM thomas.schneider@embl-hamburg.de OI Podjarny, Alberto/0000-0002-7685-1077 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1107/S0907444907011997 PN 6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 189SQ UT WOS:000248009200001 PM 17505104 ER PT J AU Bumbaca, D Kosman, J Setlow, P Henderson, RK Jedrzejas, MJ AF Bumbaca, Daniela Kosman, Jeffrey Setlow, Peter Henderson, R. Keith Jedrzejas, Mark J. TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the complex between a Bacillus subtilis alpha/ss-type small acid-soluble spore protein and DNA SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-SPORES; BINDING; PH; PROTECTION AB An engineered variant of an alpha/beta-type small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) from Bacillus subtilis was crystallized in a complex with a ten-base-pair double-stranded DNA by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method using ammonium sulfate as a precipitating agent. Crystals grew at 281 K using sodium cacodylate buffer pH 5.5 and these crystals diffracted X-rays to beyond 2.4 A resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystallized complex contains two or three SASP molecules bound to one DNA molecule. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6(1)22 or P6(5)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 87.0, c = 145.4 angstrom, alpha = beta = 90.0, gamma = 120.0 degrees. Diffraction data were 96.6% complete to 2.4 A resolution, with an R-sym of 8.5%. Structure solution by the multi-wavelength/single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method using isomorphous crystals of selenomethionine-labeled protein is in progress. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Mol Microbial & Struct Biol, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jedrzejas, MJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM mjedrzejas@chori.org FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 19698, R37 GM019698, R01 GM019698] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 BP 503 EP 506 DI 10.1107/S1744309107022750 PN 6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 190FX UT WOS:000248045100012 PM 17554173 ER PT J AU Gurjar, AA Yennawar, NH Yennawar, HP Rajashankar, KR Hegde, NV Jayarao, BM AF Gurjar, Abhijit A. Yennawar, Neela H. Yennawar, Hemant P. Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R. Hegde, Narasimha V. Jayarao, Bhushan M. TI Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of recombinant Clostridium perfringens ss 2-toxin SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXEMIA; GENE; DISORDERS; DISEASES; ANIMALS; HORSES AB Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. The virulence of C. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta(2)-toxin is a 28 kDa exotoxin produced by C. perfringens. It is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. The recombinant expression, purification and crystallization of beta 2-toxin using the batch-under-oil technique are reported here. Native X-ray diffraction data were obtained to 2.9 angstrom resolution on a synchrotron beamline at the F2 station at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) using an ADSC Quantum-210 CCD detector. The crystals belong to space group R3, with a dimer in the asymmetric unit; the unit-cell parameters are a = b = 103.71, c = 193.48 angstrom, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees using the hexagonal axis setting. A self- rotation function shows that the two molecules are related by a noncrystallographic twofold axis with polar angles omega = 90.0, alpha = 210.3 degrees. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Macromol Xray Crystallog Facil, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jayarao, BM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bmj3@psu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2053-230X J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1107/S1744309107020313 PN 6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 190FX UT WOS:000248045100007 PM 17554168 ER PT J AU Jakobsen, B Poulsen, HF Lienert, U Pantleon, W AF Jakobsen, Bo Poulsen, Henning F. Lienert, Ulrich Pantleon, Wolfgang TI Direct determination of elastic strains and dislocation densities in individual subgrains in deformation structures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction (XRD); copper; dislocation structure; line broadening; plastic deformation ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; CELL STRUCTURES; FLOW-STRESS; ARRANGEMENT; EVOLUTION; ORIENTATION; BOUNDARIES; TENSION AB A novel synchrotron-based technique "high angular resolution 3DXRD" is presented in detail, and applied to the characterization of oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper at a tensile deformation of 2%. The position and shape in reciprocal space of 14 peaks originating from deeply embedded individual subgrains is reported. From this dataset the density of redundant dislocations in the individual subgrains is inferred to be below 12 x 10(12) m(-2) on average. It is found that the subgrains on average experience a reduction in strain of 0.9 x 10(-4) with respect to the mean elastic strain of the full grain, a rather wide distribution of the strain difference between the subgrains (twice the standard deviation is 2.9 x 10(-4)), and a narrow internal strain distribution (upper limit is 2.4 x 10(-4) full width at half maximum). (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pantleon, W (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM wolfgang.pantleon@risoe.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Pantleon, Wolfgang/L-9657-2014 OI Pantleon, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6418-6260 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3421 EP 3430 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.049 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 174QE UT WOS:000246956600012 ER PT J AU Young, ML DeFouw, J Almer, JD Dunand, DC AF Young, M. L. DeFouw, J. Almer, J. D. Dunand, D. C. TI Load partitioning during compressive loading of a Mg/MgB2 composite SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; internal stresses; synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; superconductors ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT CRITICAL CURRENTS; MGB2 SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; NITI-TIC COMPOSITES; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; DUCTILE PARTICLES; GLASS COMPOSITES AB A composite, consisting of 68 vol.% superconducting continuous MgB2 fibers aligned within a ductile Mg matrix, was loaded in uniaxial compression and the volume-averaged lattice strains in the matrix and fiber were measured in situ by synchrotron X-ray diffraction as a function of applied stress. In the elastic range of the composite, both phases exhibit the same strain, indicating that the matrix is transferring load to the fibers according to a simple iso-strain model. In the plastic range of the composite, the matrix is carrying proportionally less load. Plastic load transfer from matrix to fibers is complex due to presence in the fibers of a stiff WB4 core and of cracks produced during the in situ synthesis of the MgB2 fibers from B fibers. Also, load transfer behavior was observed to be different in bulk and near-surface regions, indicating that surface measurements are prone to error. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dunand, DC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM dunand@northwestern.edu RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3467 EP 3478 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.046 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 174QE UT WOS:000246956600017 ER PT J AU Spiecker, E Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U AF Spiecker, E. Radmilovic, V. Dahmen, U. TI Quantitative TEM analysis of 3-D grain structure in CVD-grown SiC films using double-wedge geometry SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition (CVD); microstructure; grain growth; texture; transmission electron microscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIAMOND FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE GROWTH; SILICON-CARBIDE; THIN-FILMS; EVOLUTION; SIMULATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ORIENTATION; DIMENSIONS AB We have characterized the structure of chemical vapor deposition-grown polycrystalline cubic SiC films by quantitative transmission electron microscopy. A new double-wedge sample geometry allowed accurate statistical measurements of the grain size as a function of distance from the substrate. The data are well described by the van der Drift model of faceted film growth with a < 111 > texture that narrows with distance h from the substrate. It was found that the distribution of grain sizes d(h) is self-similar and the mean grain size follows a power law of the type < d > proportional to h(v). However, the measured exponent v = 0.68 +/- 0.1 is significantly larger than that previously predicted from mean field models and computer simulations of three-dimensional film growth (v = 0.4). This difference may be due to the polarity of SiC, its low stacking fault energy and abundant defects, or impurities. The accuracy of the experimental observations due to the new sample geometry reported here is sufficient to enable statistical tomography or provide guidelines for improved computer modeling. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spiecker, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM es@tf.uni-kiel.de RI Spiecker, Erdmann/B-3902-2017 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 3521 EP 3530 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.051 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 174QE UT WOS:000246956600022 ER PT J AU Hu, SY Baskes, M Stan, M Mitchell, J AF Hu, S. Y. Baskes, M. Stan, M. Mitchell, J. TI Phase-field modeling of coring structure evolution in Pu-Ga alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase-field method; casting; coring structure; Pu-Ga alloys ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; PLUTONIUM; DIFFUSION; GALLIUM AB During casting of Pu-Ga alloys, the huge difference in Ga diffusivity in epsilon (body centered cubic) and delta (face centered cubic) phases results in the formation of coring structures which consist of Ga-rich cores with Ga-poor edges. The elastic interaction among different oriented delta grains, matrix epsilon and diffusive Ga atoms may lead to a directional diffusion and delta grain growth. A phase-field model for modeling the coring structure evolution and Ga homogenization kinetics in three dimensions is developed. The effects of diffusivity inbomogeneity, internal stresses and cooling rate on the coring structure evolution are studied. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, SY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM syhu@lanl.gov RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 3641 EP 3648 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.018 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 181DS UT WOS:000247417700002 ER PT J AU Cao, GH Shechtman, D Wu, DM Becker, AT Chumbley, LS Lograsso, TA Russell, AM Gschneidner, KA AF Cao, G. H. Shechtman, D. Wu, D. M. Becker, A. T. Chumbley, L. S. Lograsso, T. A. Russell, A. M. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Determination of slip systems and their relation to the high ductility and fracture toughness of the B2DyCu intermetallic compound SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; mechanical properties; slip systems; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); DyCu ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; CRACK; YCU; YAG AB DyCu single crystals with CsCl-type B2 structure were tensile tested at room temperature. Slip trace analysis shows that the primary slip system in DyCu with a tensile axis orientation of < 110 > is {110} < 001 > and the critical resolved shear stress for {110} < 001 > slip is 18 MPa. Slip traces were also observed from a secondary slip system, {110} < 111 >, and this slip system appears to be a key contributor to the previously reported high ductility and high fracture toughness of polycrystalline DyCu. Transmission electron microscopy determinations of the Burgers vectors of dislocations in tensile tested specimens revealed < 100 > and < 111 > dislocations, with < 100 >-type dislocations being more abundant. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the mechanical properties of DyCu and the large family of ductile rare earth B2 intermetallics are discussed. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM russell@iastate.edu OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 3765 EP 3770 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.025 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 181DS UT WOS:000247417700014 ER PT J AU Daymond, MR Young, ML Almer, JD Dunand, DC AF Daymond, M. R. Young, M. L. Almer, J. D. Dunand, D. C. TI Strain and texture evolution during mechanical loading of a crack tip in martensitic shape-memory NiTi SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nitinol; Ni-Ti; shape memory; superelasticity; smart materials ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SUPERELASTIC NITI; IN-SITU; PHASE-FRACTION; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; ALLOY NITI; FATIGUE; STRESS; TRANSFORMATION AB in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements are used to create two-dimensional maps of elastic strain and texture, averaged over a compact-tension specimen thickness, near a crack tip in a martensitic NiTi alloy. After fatigue crack propagation, the material ahead of the crack and in its wake exhibits a strong texture, which is eliminated by subsequent shape-memory heat treatment, indicating that this texture is due to detwinning, the main deformation mechanism of NiTi. Upon subsequent application of a static tensile stresses, the highly textured zone reappears and grows around the crack tip as the applied stress is increased. At the highest applied stress intensity of 35 MPa m(1/2), large tensile strains are measured ahead of the crack tip and considerable elastic anisotropy is observed. This detwinning zone is similar to the plastic zone produced by dislocation slip present around cracks in other metals. The texture in this zone is not significantly altered after mechanical unloading, despite the development of substantial triaxial compressive residual strains in this zone. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Daymond, MR (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM daymond@me.queensu.ca RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 3929 EP 3942 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.03.013 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 181DS UT WOS:000247417700031 ER PT J AU Barham, M Steigmann, DJ McElfresh, M Rudd, RE AF Barham, M. Steigmann, D. J. McElfresh, M. Rudd, R. E. TI Finite deformation of a pressurized magnetoelastic membrane in a stationary dipole field SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-MATERIALS; ELASTOMERS AB A nonlinear boundary-value problem for the equilibrium of a pressurized magnetoelastic membrane acted upon by an applied magnetic field is derived from three-dimensional magnetoelasticity. The model is specified entirely by differential equations in the limit of weak material magnetization, these replacing the integro-differential equations of the general theory. The model is further specialized to axisymmetry, and several problems of technical interest are solved numerically. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barham, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM steigman@me.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 191 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s00707-007-0445-9 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 171OY UT WOS:000246746500001 ER PT J AU Scheibe, TD Dong, HL Xie, YL AF Scheibe, Timothy D. Dong, Hailiang Xie, YuLong TI Correlation between bacterial attachment rate coefficients and hydraulic conductivity and its effect on field-scale bacterial transport SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE microbial transport; modeling; heterogeneity; filtration theory; collision efficiency ID ADHESION-DEFICIENT BACTERIA; ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; SATURATED SAND COLUMNS; CHANNEL FOCUS AREA; POROUS-MEDIA; COLLISION EFFICIENCY; VIRUS TRANSPORT; SOUTH OYSTER; SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS; MICROBIAL TRANSPORT AB It has been widely observed in field experiments that the apparent rate of bacterial attachment, particularly as parameterized by the collision efficiency in filtration-based models, decreases with transport distance (i.e., exhibits scale-dependency). This effect has previously been attributed to microbial heterogeneity; that is, variability in cell-surface properties within a single monoclonal population. We demonstrate that this effect could also be interpreted as a field-scale manifestation of local-scale correlation between physical heterogeneity (hydraulic conductivity variability) and reaction heterogeneity (attachment rate coefficient variability). A field-scale model of bacterial transport developed for the South Oyster field research site located near Oyster, Virginia, and observations from field experiments performed at that site, are used as the basis for this study. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of bacterial transport were performed under four alternative scenarios: (1) homogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K) and attachment rate coefficient (K-f); (2) heterogeneous K, homogeneous K-f; (3) heterogeneous K and K-f with local correlation based on empirical and theoretical relationships; and (4) heterogeneous K and K-f without local correlation. The results of the 3D simulations were analyzed using ID model approximations following conventional methods of field data analysis. An apparent decrease with transport distance of effective collision efficiency was observed only in the case where the local properties were both heterogeneous and correlated. This effect was observed despite the fact that the local collision efficiency was specified as a constant in the 3D model, and can therefore be interpreted as a scale effect associated with the local correlated heterogeneity as manifested at the field scale. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Scheibe, TD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tim.scheibe@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Xie, Yulong/O-9322-2016 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Xie, Yulong/0000-0001-5579-482X NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6-7 BP 1571 EP 1582 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.021 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 173WD UT WOS:000246902300013 ER PT J AU Rockhold, ML Yarwood, RR Niemet, MR Bottomley, PJ Brockman, FJ Selker, JS AF Rockhold, M. L. Yarwood, R. R. Niemet, M. R. Bottomley, P. J. Brockman, F. J. Selker, J. S. TI Visualization and modeling of the colonization dynamics of a bioluminescent bacterium in variably saturated, translucent quartz sand SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE unsaturated porous media; reactive transport; bacteria; bioluminescence ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-FLOW; STEADY INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; DISSOLVED TOLUENE; SOILS; COLUMNS; DEGRADATION; SYSTEMS AB An experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to study the colonization dynamics of a bioluminescent bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44, during growth in a porous medium under steady, variably saturated flow conditions. Experiments were conducted in a thin-slab light transmission chamber filled with uniform, translucent quartz sand. Steady, variably saturated flow conditions were established using drip emitters mounted on the top of the chamber, with glucose applied through a central dripper located directly above an inoculated region of the chamber. Periodic pulses of salicylate and a dye tracer were applied to induce bioluminescence of the bacterium to monitor colony expansion and to track changes in the hydraulic and transport properties of the sand. Changes in the apparent water saturation of the sand were quantified by monitoring light transmission through the chamber with a CCD camera. The colonized region expanded laterally by about 15 cm, and upward against the flow by 7-8 cm during the 6-day experiment while apparent saturations in the colonized region decreased by 7-9% and the capillary fringe dropped by similar to 5 cm. The observed data were reproduced approximately using a numerical model that accounted for the processes of water flow, solute and bacterial transport, cell growth and accumulation, glucose and oxygen consumption, and gas diffusion and exchange. The results of this study illustrate some of the complexities associated with coupled flow, reactive transport, and biological processes in variably saturated porous media, such as localized desaturation, capillary fringe lowering effects, and upstream movement of bacterial colonization, that may not readily observable using other experimental techniques. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rockhold, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.rockhold@pnl.gov OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6-7 BP 1593 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.026 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 173WD UT WOS:000246902300015 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, Judith TI Aging and cancer cell biology, 2007 SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; metalloproteinase; p16/INK4a; p53; senescence; stem cell ID P53; MICE AB This Hot Topics review, the second in a new Aging Cell series, discusses articles published in the last year that have stimulated new ideas about the tangled relationship of aging to cancer cell biology. The year's highlights include reports on the ability of Mdm2 mutations to diminish risks of cancer in aging mice, on proliferative competition between oncogenic cells and bone marrow stem cells, and on the role of metalloproteinases in overcoming age-associated barriers to tumor invasion. Of particular interest were three articles showing that diminished activity of the tumor-suppressor gene p16/INK4a, while increasing the risk of cancer mortality, can lead to improved function in several varieties of age-sensitive stem cells. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcampisi@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00292.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 179UH UT WOS:000247315100001 PM 17517036 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ Raju, A Hopkins, MM AF Roy, Christopher J. Raju, Anil Hopkins, Matthew M. TI Estimation of discretization errors using the method of nearby problems SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONVERGENT PATCH RECOVERY; VERIFICATION AB The method of nearby problems is developed as an approach for estimating numerical errors due to insufficient mesh resolution. A key aspect of this approach is the generation of accurate, analytic curve fits to an underlying numerical solution. Accurate fits are demonstrated using fifth-order Hermite splines that provide for solution continuity up to the third derivative, which is recommended for second-order differential equations. This approach relies on the generation of a new problem (and corresponding exact solution) that is "nearby" the original problem of interest, and the nearness requirements are discussed. The method of nearby problems is demonstrated as an accurate discretization error estimator for steady-state Burgers's equation for a viscous shock wave at Reynolds numbers of 8 and 64. A key advantage of using the method of nearby problems as an error estimator is that it requires only one additional solution on the same mesh, as opposed to multiple mesh solutions required for extrapolation-based error estimators. Furthermore, the present results suggest that the method of nearby problems can produce better error estimates than other methods in the preasymptotic regime. The method of nearby problems is also shown to provide a useful framework for evaluating other discretization error estimators. This framework is demonstrated by the generation of exact solutions to problems nearby Burgers's equation as well as a form of Burgers's equation with a nonlinear viscosity variation. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphase Transport Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roy, CJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Aerosp Engn Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Roy, Christopher/C-5427-2013 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1232 EP 1243 DI 10.2514/1.24282 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 175CK UT WOS:000246990000009 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Michaelides, M Gopez, V Grandy, D Suchland, K Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Thanos, P. K. Michaelides, M. Gopez, V. Grandy, D. Suchland, K. Wang, G. J. Volkow, N. D. TI Effects of chronic ethanol drinking and locomotor activity in mice lacking the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Michaelides, Michael/K-4736-2013 OI Michaelides, Michael/0000-0003-0398-4917 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 SU S BP 75A EP 75A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 174RD UT WOS:000246959600266 ER PT J AU Li, Z Kirova, R Zhang, Y Philip, V Langston, A Baker, EA Chester, EJ AF Li, Z. Kirova, R. Zhang, Y. Philip, V. Langston, A. Baker, E. A. Chester, E. J. TI Ontological discovery environment: A web-based tool for integrating gene-centered alcohol research across multiple species SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 SU S BP 133A EP 133A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 174RD UT WOS:000246959600500 ER PT J AU Woicik, PA Westmaas, JL Conrod, PJ Goldstein, RZ AF Woicik, P. A. Westmaas, J. L. Conrod, P. J. Goldstein, R. Z. TI An examination of disinhibitory personality risk for alcohol use/abuse SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUL 07-11, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 SU S BP 162A EP 162A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 174RD UT WOS:000246959600614 ER PT J AU Maroni, VA AF Maroni, Victor A. TI Future of high-critical-temperature superconducting ceramics SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Ceramics CY JUN 25-29, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA ID TEMPLATES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maroni, VA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, STE 100, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP A29 EP A33 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 269AH UT WOS:000253621400041 ER PT J AU Weston, DJ Bauerle, WL Swire-Clark, GA Moore, BD Baird, WMV AF Weston, David J. Bauerle, William L. Swire-Clark, Ginger A. Moore, Brandon D. Baird, W. M. Vance TI Characterization of Rubisco activase from thermally contrasting genotypes of Acer rubrum (Aceraceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE stress; photosynthesis; red maple; Rubisco activase; Rubisco large subunit; warming ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; HEAT-STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ABSCISIC-ACID; PIMA COTTON; IN-VIVO AB The lability of Rubisco activase function is thought to have a major role in the decline of leaf photosynthesis under moderate heat (< 35 degrees C). To investigate this further, we characterized Rubisco activase and explored its role in the previously demonstrated thermal acclimation and inhibition of two genotypes of Acer rubrum originally collected from Florida (FL) and Minnesota (MN). When plants were grown at 33/25 degrees C (day/night) for 21 d, the FL genotype compared to the MN genotype maintained about a twofold increase in leaf photosynthetic rates at 33-42 degrees C and had a 22% increase in the maximal rate of Rubisco carboxylation (V-cmax) at 33 degrees C under nonphotorespiratory conditions. Both genotypes had two leaf Rca transcripts, likely from equivalent alternative splicing events. The RCA1 and RCA2 proteins increased modestly in FL plants under warmer temperature, while only RCA2 protein increased in MN plants. Rubisco large subunit (RbsL) protein abundance was relatively unaffected in either genotype by temperature. These results support the idea that Rubisco activase, particularly the ratio of Rubisco activase to Rubisco, may play a role in the photosynthetic heat acclimation in A. rubrum and may have adaptive significance. This mechanism alone is not likely to entirely explain the thermotolerance in the FL genotype, and future research on adaptive mechanisms to high temperatures should consider activase function in a multipathway framework. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Poole Agr Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Genet & Biochem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC USA. RP Weston, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westondj@ornl.gov RI Weston, David/A-9116-2011; Baird, William/I-6442-2012 OI Weston, David/0000-0002-4794-9913; Baird, William/0000-0003-2395-3077 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 6 BP 926 EP 934 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.6.926 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215SZ UT WOS:000249830600003 PM 21636461 ER PT J AU Buchanan, ISH Apte, MG Mirer, A Mendell, MJ AF Buchanan, I. S. H. Apte, M. G. Mirer, A. Mendell, M. J. TI Outdoor ozone modifies effects of air filter medium on building-related symptoms in the US EPA base study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500459 ER PT J AU Mendell, M Lei-Gomez, Q Mirer, A Seppanen, O AF Mendell, M. Lei-Gomez, Q. Mirer, A. Seppanen, O. TI Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems and occupant symptoms in US office buildings: The US EPA base study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 19-22, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Epidemiolog Res C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175SO UT WOS:000247034500460 ER PT J AU Stenoien, DL Knyushko, TV Londono, MP Opresko, LK Mayer, MU Brady, ST Squier, TC Bigelow, DJ AF Stenoien, David L. Knyushko, Tatyana V. Londono, Monica P. Opresko, Lee K. Mayer, M. Uljana Brady, Scott T. Squier, Thomas C. Bigelow, Diana J. TI Cellular trafficking of phospholamban and formation of functional sarcoplasmic reticulum during myocyte differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphatase; differentiation; C2C12 myocytes; vesicle trafficking ID CA2+ PUMP; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FUSION PROTEINS; LIGHT-CHAINS; IN-VIVO; CELLS; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENCE; MOLECULES; ISOFORMS AB Phospholamban (PLB) associates with the Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes to permit the modulation of contraction in response to beta-adrenergic signaling. To understand how coordinated changes in the abundance and intracellular trafficking of PLB and the Ca2+-ATPase contribute to the maturation of functional muscle, we measured changes in abundance, location, and turnover of endogenous and tagged proteins in myoblasts and during their differentiation. We found that PLB is constitutively expressed in both myoblasts and differentiated myotubes, whereas abundance increases of the Ca2+-ATPase coincide with the formation of differentiated myotubes. We observed that PLB is primarily present in highly mobile vesicular structures outside the endoplasmic reticulum, irrespective of the expression of the Ca2+-ATPase, indicating that PLB targeting is regulated through vesicle trafficking. Moreover, using pulse-chase methods, we observed that in myoblasts, PLB is trafficked through directed transport through the Golgi to the plasma membrane before endosome-mediated internalization. The observed trafficking of PLB to the plasma membrane suggests an important role for PLB during muscle differentiation, which is distinct from its previously recognized role in the regulation of the Ca2+-ATPase. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Bigelow, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, POB 999,MS P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM diana.bigelow@pnl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-064031]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-23868] NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 6 BP C2084 EP C2094 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00523.2006 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 188RI UT WOS:000247936600009 PM 17287364 ER PT J AU Driskell, JD Uhlenkamp, JM Lipert, RJ Porter, MD AF Driskell, Jeremy D. Uhlenkamp, Jill M. Lipert, Robert J. Porter, Marc D. TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering immunoassays using a rotated capture substrate SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PLASMON RESONANCE; IMMUNOGOLD LABELS; DISK ELECTRODE; MASS-TRANSFER; FLOW SYSTEM; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; NANOPARTICLES AB A rapid, sensitive format for immunosorbent assays has been developed to meet the increasing levels of performance (i.e., reduction of incubation times and detection limits) demanded in the medical, veterinary, and bioterrorism prevention arenas. This paper introduces the concept of a rotating capture substrate as a facile means to increase the flux of antigen and label to the solid-phase surface and thereby reduce assay time. To this end, a sandwich-type assay is carried out that couples the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions with the high sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection. To investigate this strategy, polyclonal anti-rabbit IgG was immobilized on a gold capture substrate via a thiolate coupling agent. The capture substrate, capable of controlled rotation, was then immersed in a sample solution containing rabbit IgG, which served as a model analyte. After binding the target IgG, the substrates were immersed and rotated in an extrinsic Raman label (ERL) labeling solution, which is composed of gold nanoparticles (60 nm) coated with an aromatic moiety as the Raman scatterer and an antibody as the biospecific recognition element. The effect of substrate rotation on both the antigen binding and ERL labeling steps was investigated. Implementation of optimized rotation conditions resulted in the reduction of assay times from 24 h to 25 min and a 10-fold improvement in the limit of detection. Finally, the developed protocol was applied to the detection of rabbit IgG suspended in goat serum, which served to assess performance in a biological matrix. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lipert, RJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM blipert@iastate.edu RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 69 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 11 BP 4141 EP 4148 DI 10.1021/ac0701031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 172ZA UT WOS:000246842100020 PM 17487976 ER PT J AU Kelly, RT Page, JS Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Kelly, Ryan T. Page, Jason S. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Array of chemically etched fused-silica emitters for improving the sensitivity and quantitation of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION FUNNEL INTERFACE; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NANOSPLITTER INTERFACE; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TAYLOR CONES; MS; PLASMA; ELECTROPHORESIS AB An array of emitters has been developed for increasing the sensitivity of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The linear array consists of 19 chemically etched fused-silica capillaries arranged with 500 mu m (center-to-center) spacing. The multiemitter device has a low dead volume to facilitate coupling to capillary liquid chromatography (LC) separations. The high aspect ratio of the emitters enables operation at flow rates as low as 20 nL/min/emitter, effectively extending the benefits of nanoelectrospray to higher flow rate analyses. To accommodate the larger ion current produced by the emitter array, a multicapillary inlet to the mass spectrometer was also constructed. The inlet, which matched the dimensions of the emitter array, preserved ion transmission efficiency. Standard reserpine solutions of varying concentration were electrosprayed at 1 mu L/min using the multiemitter/multi-inlet combination, and the results were compared to those from a standard, single-emitter configuration. A 9-fold sensitivity enhancement was observed for the multiemitter relative to the single emitter. A bovine serum albumin tryptic digest was also analyzed, and a sensitivity increase ranging from 2.4- to 12.3-fold for the detected tryptic peptides resulted; the varying response was attributed to reduced ion suppression under the nanoESI conditions afforded by the emitter array. An equimolar mixture of leucine enkephalin and maltopentaose was studied to verify that ion suppression is indeed reduced for the multiplexed ESI (multi-ESI) array relative to a single emitter over a range of flow rates. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA126191]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 48 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 11 BP 4192 EP 4198 DI 10.1021/ac062417e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 172ZA UT WOS:000246842100028 PM 17472340 ER PT J AU Vriezen, JAC de Bruijn, FJ Nusslein, K AF Vriezen, Jan A. C. de Bruijn, Frans J. Nusslein, K. TI Responses of rhizobia to desiccation in relation to osmotic stress, oxygen, and temperature SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA; SALT-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; GLYCINE BETAINE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LEGUME SYMBIOSIS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COWPEA RHIZOBIA; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Michigan State Univ, Plant Res Lab, US DOE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CNRS, INRA, Lab Interact Plantes Microorganismes, Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Vriezen, JAC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 306 Morril 3,611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cvriezen@microbio.umass.edu NR 132 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 11 BP 3451 EP 3459 DI 10.1128/AEM.02991-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 175MB UT WOS:000247016600001 PM 17400779 ER PT J AU Xie, G Bruce, DC Challacombe, JF Chertkov, O Detter, JC Gilna, P Han, CS Lucas, S Misra, M Myers, GL Richardson, P Tapia, R Thayer, N Thompson, LS Brettin, TS Henrissat, B Wilson, DB McBride, MJ AF Xie, Gary Bruce, David C. Challacombe, Jean F. Chertkov, Olga Detter, John C. Gilna, Paul Han, Cliff S. Lucas, Susan Misra, Monica Myers, Gerald L. Richardson, Paul Tapia, Roxanne Thayer, Nina Thompson, Linda S. Brettin, Thomas S. Henrissat, Bernard Wilson, David B. McBride, Mark J. TI Genome sequence of the cellulolytic gliding bacterium Cytophaga hutchinsonii SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; BACTEROIDES-THETAIOTAOMICRON; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; INFERRING PHYLOGENIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CHITIN UTILIZATION; CELLULASE SYSTEM; IV PILI; MOTILITY AB The complete DNA sequence of the aerobic cellulolytic soil bacterium Cytophaga hutchinsonii, which belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes, is presented. The genome consists of a single, circular, 4.43-Mb chromosome containing 3,790 open reading frames, 1,986 of which have been assigned a tentative function. Two of the most striking characteristics of C hutchinsonii are its rapid gliding motility over surfaces and its contact-dependent digestion of crystalline cellulose. The mechanism of C. hutchinsonii motility is not known, but its genome contains homologs for each of the gld genes that are required for gliding of the distantly related bacteroidete Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Cytophaga-Flavobacterium gliding appears to be novel and does not involve well-studied motility organelles such as flagella or type IV pili. Many genes thought to encode proteins involved in cellulose utilization were identified. These include candidate endo-0-1,4-glucanases and beta-glucosidases. Surprisingly, obvious homologs of known cellobiohydrolases were not detected. Since such enzymes are needed for efficient cellulose digestion by well-studied cellulolytic bacteria, C. hutchinsonii either has novel cellobiohydrolases or has an unusual method of cellulose utilization. Genes encoding proteins with cohesin domains, which are characteristic of cellulosomes, were absent, but many proteins predicted to be involved in polysaccharide utilization had putative D5 domains, which are thought to be involved in anchoring proteins to the cell surface. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS UMR 6098, Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS UMR 6098, Marseille, France. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP McBride, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, 3209 N Maryland Ave,181 Lapham Hall, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM mcbride@uwm.edu RI Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; Myers, Garry/E-7708-2011; OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; McBride, Mark/0000-0002-3798-6761; Myers, Garry/0000-0002-4756-4810; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X NR 74 TC 105 Z9 362 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 11 BP 3536 EP 3546 DI 10.1128/AEM.00225-07 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 175MB UT WOS:000247016600011 PM 17400776 ER PT J AU Tang, YJJ Chakraborty, R Martin, HG Chu, J Hazen, TC Keasling, JD AF Tang, Yinjie J. Chakraborty, Romy Martin, Hector Garcia Chu, Jeannie Hazen, Terry C. Keasling, Jay D. TI Flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during reduction of soluble Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METAL REDUCTION; AMINO-ACIDS; GC-MS; SULFURREDUCENS; SUBSURFACE; OXIDATION; FRAMEWORK; SEDIMENTS AB We analyzed the carbon fluxes in the central metabolism of Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15 using 13c isotopomer modeling. Acetate labeled in the first or second position was the sole carbon source, and Fe-nitrilotriacetic acid was the sole terminal electron acceptor. The measured labeled acetate uptake rate was 21 mmol/g (dry weight)/h in the exponential growth phase. The resulting isotope labeling pattern of amino acids allowed an accurate determination of the in vivo global metabolic reaction rates (fluxes) through the central metabolic pathways using a computational isotopomer model. The tracer experiments showed that G. metallireducens contained complete biosynthesis pathways for essential metabolism, and this strain might also have an unusual isoleucine biosynthesis route (using acetyl coenzyme A and pyruvate as the precursors). The model indicated that over 90% of the acetate was completely oxidized to CO, via a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle while reducing iron. Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase were present under these conditions, but enzymes in the glyoxylate shunt and malic enzyme were absent. Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway were mainly employed for biosynthesis and accounted for less than 3% of total carbon consumption. The model also indicated surprisingly high reversibility in the reaction between oxoglutarate and succinate. This step operates close to the thermodynamic equilibrium, possibly because succinate is synthesized via a transferase reaction, and the conversion of oxoglutarate to succinate is a rate-limiting step for carbon metabolism. These findings enable a better understanding of the relationship between genome annotation and extant metabolic pathways in G. metallireducens. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Qunatitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Chakraborty, Romy/D-9230-2015; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685; Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Chakraborty, Romy/0000-0001-9326-554X; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3859 EP 3864 DI 10.1128/AEM.02986-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 180VK UT WOS:000247394200012 PM 17468285 ER PT J AU Kreuzer-Martin, HW Jarman, KH AF Kreuzer-Martin, Helen W. Jarman, Kristin H. TI Stable isotope ratios and forensic analysis of microorganisms SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROBIAL FORENSICS; GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN; GROWTH MEDIA; HYDROGEN; TOOL; CARBON; ANIMALS; SPORES; OXYGEN AB In the aftermath of the anthrax letters of 2001, researchers have been exploring various analytical signatures for the purpose of characterizing the production environment of microorganisms. One such signature is stable isotope ratios, which in heterotrophs, are a function of nutrient and water sources. Here we discuss the use of stable isotope ratios in microbial forensics, using as a database the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of 247 separate cultures of Bacillus subtilis 6051 spores produced on a total of 32 different culture media. In the context of using stable isotope ratios as a signature for sample matching, we present an analysis of variations between individual samples, between cultures produced in tandem, and between cultures produced in the same medium but at different times. Additionally, we correlate the stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen for growth medium nutrients or water with those of spores and show examples of how these relationships can be used to exclude nutrient or water samples as possible growth substrates for specific cultures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kreuzer-Martin, HW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 999 Battelle Blvd,P8-13, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Helen.kreuzer@pnl.gov NR 66 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3896 EP 3908 DI 10.1128/AEM.02906-06 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 180VK UT WOS:000247394200016 PM 17468274 ER PT J AU Soufli, R Baker, SL Windt, DL Gullikson, EM Robinson, JC Podgorski, WA Golub, L AF Soufli, Regina Baker, Sherry L. Windt, David L. Gullikson, Eric M. Robinson, Jeff C. Podgorski, William A. Golub, Leon TI Atomic force microscopy characterization of Zerodur mirror substrates for the extreme ultraviolet telescopes aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-SURFACES AB The high-spatial frequency roughness of a mirror operating at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths is crucial for the reflective performance and is subject to very stringent specifications. To understand and predict mirror performance, precision metrology is required for measuring the surface roughness. Zero-dur mirror substrates made by two different polishing vendors for a suite of EUV telescopes for solar physics were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM measurements revealed features in the topography of each substrate that are associated with specific polishing techniques. Theoretical predictions of the mirror performance based on the AFM-measured high-spatial-frequency roughness are in good agreement with EUV reflectance measurements of the mirrors after multilayer coating. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Reflect Xray Opt LLC, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 3156 EP 3163 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003156 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 172IR UT WOS:000246798000013 PM 17514269 ER PT J AU Honig, J Halpin, J Browning, D Crane, J Hackel, R Henesian, M Peterson, J Ravizza, D Wennberg, T Rieger, H Marciante, J AF Honig, John Halpin, John Browning, Don Crane, John Hackel, Richard Henesian, Mark Peterson, John Ravizza, Doug Wennberg, Tim Rieger, Harry Marciante, John TI Diode-pumped Nd : YAG laser with 38 W average power and user-selectable, flat-in-time subnanosecond pulses SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; AMPLIFIER; COMPENSATION; SYSTEM; DRIVEN AB A diode-pumped injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser system with an average output power of 38 W is described. The laser operates at 300 Hz with pulse energies up to 130 mJ. The temporal pulse shape is nominally flat in time and the pulse width is user selectable from 350 to 600 ps. In addition, the spatial profile of the beam is near top hat with contrast < 10%. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. JMAR Res, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Honig, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-462, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM honig1@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 3269 EP 3275 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003269 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 172IR UT WOS:000246798000029 PM 17514285 ER PT J AU Haynam, CA Wegner, PJ Auerbach, JM Bowers, MW Dixit, SN Erbert, GV Heestand, GM Henesian, MA Hermann, MR Jancaitis, KS Manes, KR Marshall, CD Mehta, NC Menapace, J Moses, E Murray, JR Nostrand, MC Orth, CD Patterson, R Sacks, RA Shaw, MJ Spaeth, M Sutton, SB Williams, WH Widmayer, CC White, RK Yang, ST Van Wonterghem, BM AF Haynam, C. A. Wegner, P. J. Auerbach, J. M. Bowers, M. W. Dixit, S. N. Erbert, G. V. Heestand, G. M. Henesian, M. A. Hermann, M. R. Jancaitis, K. S. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. D. Mehta, N. C. Menapace, J. Moses, E. Murray, J. R. Nostrand, M. C. Orth, C. D. Patterson, R. Sacks, R. A. Shaw, M. J. Spaeth, M. Sutton, S. B. Williams, W. H. Widmayer, C. C. White, R. K. Yang, S. T. Van Wonterghem, B. M. TI National ignition facility laser performance status SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PHYSICS BASIS; NIF; TARGETS; GENERATION; OPERATIONS; PROTOTYPE; SYSTEM; GLASS; GAIN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the world's largest laser system. It contains a 192 beam neodymium glass laser that is designed to deliver 1.8 MJ at 500 TW at 351 nm in order to achieve energy gain (ignition) in a deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion target. To meet this goal, laser design criteria include the ability to generate pulses of up to 1.8 MJ total energy, with peak power of 500 TW and temporal pulse shapes spanning 2 orders of magnitude at the third harmonic (351 mn or 3 omega) of the laser wavelength. The focal-spot fluence distribution of these pulses is carefully controlled, through a combination of special optics in the 1 omega (1053 nm) portion of the laser (continuous phase plates), smoothing by spectral dispersion, and the overlapping of multiple beams with orthogonal polarization (polarization smoothing). We report performance qualification tests of the first eight beams of the NIF laser. Measurements are reported at both 1 omega and 3 omega, both with and without focal-spot conditioning. When scaled to full 192 beam operation, these results demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that the NIF will meet its laser performance design criteria, and that the NIF can simultaneously meet the temporal pulse shaping, focal-spot conditioning, and peak power requirements for two candidate indirect drive ignition designs. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Haynam, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM haynam1@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 327 Z9 368 U1 15 U2 98 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 3276 EP 3303 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003276 PG 28 WC Optics SC Optics GA 172IR UT WOS:000246798000030 PM 17514286 ER PT J AU Vescan, L Stoica, T Sutter, E AF Vescan, L. Stoica, T. Sutter, E. TI Growth and properties of SiGe structures obtained by selective epitaxy on finite areas SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA; GE ISLANDS; LAYERS; MESAS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SI(100); SI(001); FACETS AB Selective epitaxy growth (SEG) was used to build SiGe optoelectronic devices and nanoscale structures for the future nanotechnology. The growth of strained SiGe on small areas offers some advantages for improvement of device performances. In particular, with relative large area light emitting diodes (LED), the emission efficiency of SiGe diodes can be increased up to 0.1% internal value at room temperature. Further improvements are expected for nanoscale devices. By SEG on mesas, Ge islands can be obtained ordered in lines along the mesas edges. Precise localization of Ge dots can be obtained by SEG in very small oxide windows and even only one island/window is formed. It was shown that nanostructures of size down to 5 nm can be grown by this method. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vescan, L (reprint author), Richtericher Str 86, D-52072 Aachen, Germany. EM l.vescan@fz-juelich.de NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s00339-007-3917-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 146RA UT WOS:000244950900022 ER PT J AU Flaherty, TJ Timmons, JC Wrobleski, DA Orler, EB Langlois, DA Wurden, KJ Williams, DL AF Flaherty, Thomas J. Timmons, James C. Wrobleski, Debra A. Orler, E. Bruce Langlois, David A. Wurden, Katherine J. Williams, Darren L. TI Infrared and Raman spectral signatures of aromatic nitration in thermoplastic urethanes SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE methylenediphenyl-diisocyanate poly(ester urethane); estane; normal mode analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; carbamate ID SEGMENTED POLY(ESTER URETHANE); DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; ELASTOMER; KINETICS; DENSITY; ESTANE AB The spectral signatures of nitro attack of the aromatic portion of thermoplastic urethanes (TPU) were determined. Eight fragment molecules were synthesized that represent the nitrated and pristine methylenediphenyl section common to many TPUs. Infrared (IR) and Raman (785 urn illumination) spectra were collected and modeled using the B3LYP/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) model chemistry. Normal mode animations were used to fully assign the vibrational spectra of each fragment. The vibrational assignment was used to develop a diagnostic method for aromatic nitro attack in thermoplastic urethanes. The symmetric NO2 stretch coupled out of phase with the C-NO2 stretch (1330 cm(-1)) was found to be free from spectral interferences. Spectral reference regions that enable correction for physical differences between samples were determined. The carbonyl stretch at 1700 cm-1 was the best IR reference region, yielding a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.66 +/- 0.02 g N/100 g Estane. Secondary IR reference regions were the N-H stretch at 3330 cm(-1) or the urethane nitrogen deformation at 1065 cm(-1). The reference region in the Raman was a ring stretching mode at 1590 cm(-1), giving an LOQ of 0.69 +/- 0.02 g N/100 g Estane. Raman spectroscopy displayed a larger calibration sensitivity (slope = 0.110 +/- 0.004) than IR spectroscopy (slope = 0.043 +/- 0.001) for nitration determination due to the large nitro Raman cross-section. The full spectral assignment of all eight molecules in the infrared and Raman is presented as supplemental material. C1 Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, DL (reprint author), Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. EM Williams@shsu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1366/000370207781269792 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 177QN UT WOS:000247167700006 PM 17650371 ER PT J AU Roth, K Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Roth, Kurt Dieckmann, John Brodrick, James TI Infrared radiant heaters SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX LLC, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX LLC, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 178YN UT WOS:000247256400019 ER PT J AU Ehrenfreund, P Rasmussen, S Cleaves, J Chen, LH AF Ehrenfreund, Pascale Rasmussen, Steen Cleaves, Jim Chen, Liaohai TI The aromatic world: From interstellar molecules to the origin of life SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Leiden Inst Chem, Leiden, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM p.ehrenfreund@chem.leidenuniv.nl NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O19 BP 482 EP 482 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900024 ER PT J AU Sandford, SA AF Sandford, Scott A. TI Organics in the samples returned by the Stardust spacecraft from Comet 81P/Wild 2 SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Astrophys Branch, Ames, IA USA. EM ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O-53 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900058 ER PT J AU Bailey, JA Boncella, JM DeClue, MS Monnard, PA Shreve, A Rasmussen, S Ziock, HJ AF Bailey, J. A. Boncella, J. M. DeClue, M. S. Monnard, P.-A. Shreve, A. Rasmussen, S. Ziock, H.-J. TI Self-replicating chemical systems as protocells SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, MPA, EES, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ziock@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O-68 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900073 ER PT J AU Glavin, DP Dworkin, JP Sandford, SA AF Glavin, Daniel P. Dworkin, Jason P. Sandford, Scott A. TI A search for cometary amines in samples returned by Stardust SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrbiol, Greenbelt, MD USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Ames, IA USA. EM daniel.p.glavin@nasa.gov RI Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O-73 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900078 ER PT J AU Bonaccorsi, R Stoker, C AF Bonaccorsi, Rosalba Stoker, Carol TI Searching for organics under a simulated Mars robotic drilling mission (Rio Tinto, Spain): What lies underground? SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames, IA USA. EM rbonaccorsi@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-9 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900091 ER PT J AU Carrigan, RA AF Carrigan, Richard A., Jr. TI IRAS-based upper limit on Dyson Spheres in the galaxy SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM carrigan@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-13 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900095 ER PT J AU Kisiel, Z Pszczokowski, L Biakowska-Jaworska, E Charnley, S AF Kisiel, Zbigniew Pszczokowski, Lech Biakowska-Jaworska, Ewa Charnley, Steven TI The millimeter wave spectrum of pyruvic acid SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrbiol Div, Ames, IA USA. EM sbcharnley@comcast.net RI Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016; Bialkowska-Jaworska, Ewa/R-9282-2016 OI Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-14 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900096 ER PT J AU Wang, KS Kuan, YJ Huang, HC Charnley, S AF Wang, Kuo-Song Kuan, Yi-Jehng Huang, Hui-Chun Charnley, Steven TI Organic molecules in the orion KL hot molecular core SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames, IA USA. EM kswang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-95 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900177 ER PT J AU Matrajt, G Ito, M Messenger, S Wirick, S Brownlee, D Joswiak, D Flynn, G Sandford, S AF Matrajt, Graciela Ito, Motoo Messenger, Scott Wirick, Sue Brownlee, Don Joswiak, Dave Flynn, George Sandford, Scott TI Carbon investigation of stardust particles: A TEM, NanoSIMS, and XANES study SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. Ames Res Ctr, NASA, Astrophys Branch, Ames, IA USA. EM matrajt@astro.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-108 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900190 ER PT J AU Rojo, PM Harrington, J Deming, D Fortney, J AF Rojo, Patricio M. Harrington, Joseph Deming, Drake Fortney, Jonathan TI Transit spectroscopy of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b: The search for water SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, 32816, Chile. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM pato@das.uchile.cl RI Harrington, Joseph/E-6250-2011; Rojo, Patricio/K-6732-2012; Rojo, Patricio/I-5765-2016 OI Rojo, Patricio/0000-0002-1607-6443; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA P-112 BP 538 EP 539 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900194 ER PT J AU Reuland, M Van Breugel, W De Vries, W Dopita, MA Dey, A Miley, G Rottgering, H Venemans, B Stanford, SA Lacy, M Spinrad, H Dawson, S Stern, D Bunker, A AF Reuland, Michiel Van Breugel, Wil De Vries, Wim Dopita, Michael A. Dey, Arjun Miley, George Rottgering, Huub Venemans, Bram Stanford, S. A. Lacy, Mark Spinrad, Hy Dawson, Steve Stern, Daniel Bunker, Andrew TI Metal-enriched gaseous halos around distant radio galaxies: Clues to feedback in galaxy formation SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (B2 0902+34, 4C 60.07, 4C 41.17); quasars : emission lines ID EMISSION-LINE GAS; PRESSURE-DOMINATED PHOTOIONIZATION; LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STAR-FORMATION; 4C 41.17; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DEEP SPECTROSCOPY; LY-ALPHA; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH AB We present the results of an optical and near-IR spectroscopic study of giant nebular emission-line halos associated with three z > 3 radio galaxies, 4C 41.17, 4C 60.07, and B2 0902+34. Previous deep narrowband Ly alpha imaging revealed complex morphologies with sizes up to 100 kpc, possibly connected to outflows and AGN feedback from the central regions. The outer regions of these halos show quiet kinematics with typical velocity dispersions of a few hundred km s(-1) and velocity shears that can mostly be interpreted as being due to rotation. The inner regions show shocked cocoons of gas closely associated with the radio lobes. These display disturbed kinematics and have expansion velocities and/or velocity dispersions > 1000 km s(-1). The core region is chemically evolved, and we also find spectroscopic evidence for the ejection of enriched material in 4C 41.17 up to a distance of approximate to 60 kpc along the radio axis. The dynamical structures traced in the Ly alpha line are, in most cases, closely echoed in the carbon and oxygen lines. This shows that the Ly alpha line is produced in a highly clumped medium of small filling factor and can therefore be used as a tracer of the dynamics of high-redshift radio galaxies ( HzRGs). We conclude that these HzRGs are undergoing a final jet-induced phase of star formation with ejection of most of their interstellar medium before becoming "red and dead'' elliptical galaxies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Reuland, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wil@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 84 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2607 EP 2623 DI 10.1086/516571 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400014 ER PT J AU Melbourne, J Dawson, KS Koo, DC Max, C Larkin, JE Wright, SA Steinbring, E Barczys, M Aldering, G Barbary, K Doi, M Fadeyev, V Goldhaber, G Hattori, T Ihara, Y Kashikawa, N Konishi, K Kowalski, M Kuznetsova, N Lidman, C Morokuma, T Perlmutter, S Rubin, D Schlegel, DJ Spadafora, AL Takanashi, N Yasuda, N AF Melbourne, J. Dawson, K. S. Koo, D. C. Max, C. Larkin, J. E. Wright, S. A. Steinbring, E. Barczys, M. Aldering, G. Barbary, K. Doi, M. Fadeyev, V. Goldhaber, G. Hattori, T. Ihara, Y. Kashikawa, N. Konishi, K. Kowalski, M. Kuznetsova, N. Lidman, C. Morokuma, T. Perlmutter, S. Rubin, D. Schlegel, D. J. Spadafora, A. L. Takanashi, N. Yasuda, N. TI Rest-frame R-band light curve of A z similar to 1.3 supernova obtained with keck laser adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; instrumentation : adaptive optics; supernovae : general; techniques : high angular resolution ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; GALAXY CLUSTER; SUBARU TELESCOPE; IA SUPERNOVAE; X-RAY; DISCOVERY; UNIVERSE; OMEGA(LAMBDA) AB We present Keck diffraction-limited H-band photometry of a z similar to 1.3 Type Ia supernova ( SN) candidate, first identified in a Hubble Space Telescope search for SNe in massive high-redshift galaxy clusters. The adaptive optics ( AO) data were obtained with the Laser Guide Star facility during four observing runs from 2005 September to November. In the analysis of data from the observing run nearest to maximum SN brightness, the SN was found to have a magnitude H = 23.9 +/- 0.14 ( Vega). We present the H-band ( approximately rest-frame R) light curve and provide a detailed analysis of the AO photometric uncertainties. By constraining the aperture correction with a nearby ( 4" separation) star we achieve 0.14 mag photometric precision, despite the spatially varying AO point-spread function. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Opt & Infrared Astron Div, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Melbourne, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jmel@ucolick.org; koo@ucolick.org; max1@llnl.gov; saw@astro.ucla.edu RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Steinbring, Eric/0000-0003-1259-0813; Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436; Wright, Shelley/0000-0003-1034-8054 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2709 EP 2715 DI 10.1086/517492 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400024 ER PT J AU Kronberg, PP AF Kronberg, P. P. TI Extragalactic radio sources, IGM magnetic fields, and AGN-based energy flows (vol 327, pg 517, 2006) SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Correction DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : active; galaxies : magnetic fields; quasars : individual (3C191); radio continuum : general; polarization C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Kronberg, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM kronberg@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 328 IS 6 BP 588 EP 588 DI 10.1002/asna.200710775 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194SO UT WOS:000248364300016 ER PT J AU Baron, E Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E. Hauschildt, P. H. TI A 3D radiative transfer framework - II. Line transfer problems SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; scattering; line : formation; methods : numerical ID OPERATOR PERTURBATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATION AB Context. Higher resolution telescopes as well as 3D numerical simulations will require the development of detailed 3D radiative transfer calculations. Building upon our previous work we extend our method to include both continuum and line transfer. Aims. We present a general method to calculate radiative transfer including scattering in the continuum as well as in lines in 3D static atmospheres. Methods. The scattering problem for line transfer is solved via means of an operator splitting (OS) technique. The formal solution is based on a long-characteristics method. The approximate. operator is constructed considering nearest neighbors exactly. The code is parallelized over both wavelength and solid angle using the MPI library. Results. We present the results of several test cases with different values of the thermalization parameter and two choices for the temperature structure. The results are directly compared to 1D spherical tests. With our current grid setup the interior resolution is much lower in 3D than in 1D, nevertheless the 3D results agree very well with the well-tested 1D calculations. We show that, with relatively simple parallelization, the code scales to very large number of processors which is mandatory for practical applications. Conclusions. Advances in modern computers will make realistic 3D radiative transfer calculations possible in the near future. Our current code scales to very large numbers of processors, but requires larger memory per processor at high spatial resolution. C1 Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM baron@nhn.ou.edu; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 1 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066755 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174RA UT WOS:000246959000029 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amman, JF Archbold, G Belov, K Belz, JW Ben Zvi, SY Bergman, DR Blake, SA Brusova, O Burt, GW Cao, Z Connolly, BC Deng, W Fedorova, Y Finley, CB Gray, RC Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Hughes, GA Holzscheiter, MH Huntemeyer, P Jones, BF Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN Moore, SA O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, M Rodriguez, D Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Scott, LM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Sokolsky, P Song, C Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A Zhang, X AF Abbasi, R. U. Abu-Zayyad, T. Amman, J. F. Archbold, G. Belov, K. Belz, J. W. Ben Zvi, S. Y. Bergman, D. R. Blake, S. A. Brusova, O. Burt, G. W. Cao, Z. Connolly, B. C. Deng, W. Fedorova, Y. Finley, C. B. Gray, R. C. Hanlon, W. F. Hoffman, C. M. Hughes, G. A. Holzscheiter, M. H. Huntemeyer, P. Jones, B. F. Jui, C. C. H. Kim, K. Kirn, M. A. Loh, E. C. Maestas, M. M. Manago, N. Marek, L. J. Martens, K. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, J. N. Moore, S. A. O'Neill, A. Painter, C. A. Perera, L. Reil, K. Riehle, R. Roberts, M. Rodriguez, D. Sasaki, M. Schnetzer, S. R. Scott, L. M. Sinnis, G. Smith, J. D. Sokolsky, P. Song, C. Springer, R. W. Stokes, B. T. Thomas, J. R. Thomas, S. B. Thomson, G. B. Tupa, D. Westerhoff, S. Wiencke, L. R. Zech, A. Zhang, X. CA High Resolution Flys Eye Collabora TI Studies of systematic uncertainties in the estimation of the monocular aperture of the HiRes experiment SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; UHECR flux; energy spectrum; Monte Carlo simulation ID RESOLUTION FLYS EYE; COSMIC-RAY SPECTRUM; ENERGY-SPECTRUM AB We have studied several sources of systematic uncertainty in calculating the aperture of the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment (HiRes) in monocular mode, primarily as they affect the HiRes-II site. The energy dependent aperture is determined with detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the air showers and the detector response. We have studied the effects of changes to the input energy spectrum and composition used in the simulation. A realistic shape of the input spectrum is used in our analysis in order to avoid biases in the aperture estimate due to the limited detector resolution. We have examined the effect of exchanging our input spectrum with a simple E-3 power law in the "ankle" region. Uncertainties in the input composition are shown to be significant for energies below similar to 10(18) eV for data from the HiRes-II detector. Another source of uncertainties is the choice of the hadronic interaction model in the air shower generator. We compare the aperture estimate for two different models: QGSJet01 and SIBYLL 2.1. We also describe the implications of employing an atmospheric database with hourly measurements of the aerosol component, instead of using an average as has been used in our previously published measurements of the monocular spectra. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LUTH, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, Nevis Lab, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Zech, A (reprint author), LUTH, Observ Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM andreas.zech@obspm.fr RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Tupa, Dale/0000-0002-6265-5016 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.12.004 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 181CB UT WOS:000247413300005 ER PT J AU Haugbolle, T Hannestad, S Thomsen, B Fynbo, J Sollerman, J Jha, S AF Haugbolle, Troels Hannestad, Steen Thomsen, Bjarne Fynbo, Johan Sollerman, Jesper Jha, Saurabh TI The velocity field of the local universe from measurements of type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe; supernovae : general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; GRAVITY-FIELD; FLOWS; DISTANCES; MOTION; CODE; SKY AB We present a measurement of the velocity flow of the local universe relative to the CMB rest frame, based on the recent Jha et al. sample of 133 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae. At a depth of 4500 km s(-1) we find a dipole amplitude of 279 +/- 68 km s(-1) in the direction l = 285 degrees +/- 18 degrees, b = -10 degrees +/- 15 degrees, consistent with earlier measurements and with the assumption that the local velocity field is dominated by the Great Attractor region. At a greater depth of 5900 km s(-1), we find a shift in the dipole direction toward the Shapley Concentration. We also present the first measurement of the quadrupole term in the local velocity flow at these depths. Finally, we have performed detailed studies based on N-body simulations of the expected precision with which the lowest multipoles in the velocity field can be measured out to redshifts of order 0.1. Our mock catalogs are in good agreement with current observations and demonstrate that our results are robust with respect to assumptions about the influence of local environment on the Type Ia supernova rate. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Haugbolle, T (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM haugboel@phys.au.dk RI Haugbolle, Troels/L-7984-2014; Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014 OI Haugbolle, Troels/0000-0002-9422-8684; Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 650 EP 659 DI 10.1086/513600 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100002 ER PT J AU Lin, DNC Murray, SD AF Lin, Douglas N. C. Murray, Stephen D. TI Gas accretion by globular clusters and nucleated dwarf galaxies and the formation of the arches and quintuplet clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; globular clusters : general; hydrodynamics methods : numerical; open clusters and associations : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COMPACT YOUNG CLUSTERS; GALACTIC-CENTER; CCD-PHOTOMETRY; DYNAMICAL FRICTION; STAR-CLUSTERS; INFRARED QUINTUPLET; SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; COOLING SEQUENCE AB We consider here the collective accretion of gas by globular clusters and dwarf galaxies moving through the interstellar medium. In the limit of high velocity and/or sound speed of the ISM, the collective potential of the cluster is insufficient to accrete significant amounts of gas, and stars within the systems accrete gas individually. We show, however, that when the sound speed or the relative velocity of the ambient medium is less than the central velocity dispersion of the cluster, it is accreted into the collective potential of the cluster prior to being accreted onto the individual stars within the cluster. The collective rate is strongly enhanced relative to the individual rates. This effect may potentially modify the white dwarf cooling sequence in globular clusters with low-inclination and low-eccentricity Galactic orbits and lead to the rejuvenation of some marginally surviving cores of globular clusters and nucleated dwarf galaxies near the Galactic center. Such effects will only occur rarely, but may explain the existence of clusters of young, massive stars near the Galactic center. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lin, DNC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 77 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.1086/515387 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100013 ER PT J AU Bittner, JM Liu, S Fryer, CL Petrosian, V AF Bittner, Jonathan M. Liu, Siming Fryer, Christopher L. Petrosian, Vahe TI Correlation between flux and spectral index during flares in Sagittarius A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; black hole physics; Galaxy : center; plasmas; radiation mechanisms : thermal; turbulence ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; NEAR-INFRARED FLARES; X-RAY FLARE; SGR-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; ASTERISK; EMISSION; INSTABILITY; POLARIMETRY AB Flares in Sagittarius A* are produced by hot plasmas within a few Schwarzschild radii of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center. The recent detection of a correlation between the spectral index and flux during a nearinfrared (NIR) flare provides a means to conduct detailed investigations of the plasma heating and radiation processes. We study the evolution of the electron distribution function under the influence of a turbulent magnetic field in a hot collisionless plasma. The magnetic field, presumably generated through instabilities in the accretion flow, can both heat the plasma through resonant wave-particle coupling and cool the electrons by radiation. The electron distribution can generally be approximated as relativistic Maxwellian. To account for the observed correlation, we find that the magnetic field needs to be anticorrelated with the electron '' temperature.'' NIR and X-ray light curves are produced for a cooling and a heating phase. The model predicts simultaneous flare activity in the NIR and X- ray bands, which can be compared with observations. These results can be applied to MHD simulations to study the radiative characteristics of collisionless plasmas, especially accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bittner, JM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jonathan.bittner@yale.edu; liusm@lanl.gov; fryer@lanl.gov; vahe@astronomy.stanford.edu RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011; Liu, Sheng/K-2815-2013 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 863 EP 874 DI 10.1086/516743 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100019 ER PT J AU Soderberg, AM Nakar, E Cenko, SB Cameron, PB Frail, DA Kulkarni, SR Fox, DB Berger, E Gal-Yam, A Moon, DS Price, PA Anderson, G Schmidt, BP Salvo, M Rich, J Rau, A Ofek, EO Chevalier, RA Hamuy, M Harrison, FA Kumar, P MacFadyen, A McCarthy, PJ Park, HS Peterson, BA Phillips, MM Rauch, M Roth, M Shectman, S AF Soderberg, A. M. Nakar, E. Cenko, S. B. Cameron, P. B. Frail, D. A. Kulkarni, S. R. Fox, D. B. Berger, E. Gal-Yam, A. Moon, D-S. Price, P. A. Anderson, G. Schmidt, B. P. Salvo, M. Rich, J. Rau, A. Ofek, E. O. Chevalier, R. A. Hamuy, M. Harrison, F. A. Kumar, P. MacFadyen, A. McCarthy, P. J. Park, H. S. Peterson, B. A. Phillips, M. M. Rauch, M. Roth, M. Shectman, S. TI A spectacular radio flare from XRF 050416a at 40 days and implications for the nature of X-ray flashes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE gamma rays : bursts ID 25 APRIL 1998; BURST AFTERGLOWS; HOST GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; LIGHT-CURVE; RELATIVISTIC JETS; FIREBALL MODEL; MASSIVE STARS; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; REFRESHED SHOCKS AB We present detailed optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the X-ray flash XRF 050416a obtained with Palomar and Siding Springs Observatories, as well as the HST and VLA, placing this event among the best-studied X-ray flashes to date. In addition, we present an optical spectrum from Keck LRIS from which we measure the redshift of the burst, z = 0.6528. At this redshift the isotropic-equivalent prompt energy release was about 10(51) ergs, and using a standard afterglow synchrotron model, we find that the blast wave kinetic energy is a factor of 10 larger, EK,(iso) approximate to 10(52) ergs. The lack of an observed jet break to t similar to 20 days indicates that the opening angle is theta(j) greater than or similar to 7 degrees and the total beaming-corrected relativistic energy is greater than or similar to 10(50) ergs. We further show that the burst produced a strong radio flare at t similar to 40 days accompanied by an observed flattening in the X-ray band, which we attribute to an abrupt circumburst density jump or an episode of energy injection (from either a refreshed shock or off-axis ejecta). Late-time observations with HST show evidence for an associated supernova with peak optical luminosity roughly comparable to that of SN 1998bw. Next, we show that the host galaxy of XRF 050416a is actively forming stars at a rate of at least 2 M(circle dot) yr(-1) with a luminosity of L(B) approximate to 0.5L* and metallicity of Z similar to 0.2-0.8 Z(circle dot). Finally, we discuss the nature of XRF 050416a in the context of short-hard GRBs and under the framework of off-axis and dirty fireball models for X-ray flashes. C1 CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78731 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderberg, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; OI Anderson, Gemma/0000-0001-6544-8007; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; MacFadyen, Andrew/0000-0002-0106-9013; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0002-8538-9195 NR 125 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 982 EP 994 DI 10.1086/515562 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100030 ER PT J AU Lafreniere, D Doyon, R Nadeau, D Artigau, E Marois, C Beaulieu, M AF Lafreniere, David Doyon, Rene Nadeau, Daniel Artigau, Etienne Marois, Christian Beaulieu, Mathilde TI Improving the speckle noise attenuation of simultaneous spectral differential imaging with a focal plane holographic diffuser SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; planetary systems; stars : imaging; techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : image processing ID NEARBY YOUNG STARS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; COMPANIONS; IMAGER; MASSES AB Direct exoplanet detection is limited by speckle noise in the point- spread function (PSF) of the central star. This noise can be reduced by subtracting PSF images obtained simultaneously in adjacent narrow spectral bands using a multichannel camera (MCC), but only to a limit imposed by differential optical aberrations in the MCC. To alleviate this problem, we suggest the introduction of a holographic diffuser at the focal plane of the MCC to convert the PSF image into an incoherent illumination scene that is then re- imaged with the MCC. The re-imaging is equivalent to a convolution of the scene with the PSF of each spectral channel of the camera. Optical aberrations in the MCC affect only the convolution kernel of each channel and not the PSF globally, resulting in better- correlated images. We report laboratory measurements with a dual- channel prototype (1.575 and 1.625 mu m) to validate this approach. A speckle noise suppression factor of 12-14 was achieved, an improvement by a factor similar to 5 over that obtained without the holographic diffuser. Simulations of exoplanet populations for three representative target samples show that the increase in speckle noise attenuation achieved in the laboratory would roughly double the number of planets that could be detected with current adaptive optics systems on 8 m telescopes. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Observ Mont Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Assoc Univ Res Astron Inc, So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lafreniere, D (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM david@astro.umontreal.ca; doyon@astro.umontreal.ca; nadeau@astro.umontreal.ca; eartigau@gemini.edu; cmarois@igpp.ucllnl.org; mathilde@astro.umontreal.ca OI Lafreniere, David/0000-0002-6780-4252 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 1208 EP 1217 DI 10.1086/517604 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100051 ER PT J AU Perez, IM Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC AF Perez, Idalia M. Wooldridge, Paul J. Cohen, Ronald C. TI Laboratory evaluation of a novel thermal dissociation chemiluminescence method for in situ detection of nitrous acid SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrous acid; instrument; nitrogen oxides; HONO ID ALKYL NITRATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HONO; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; DENUDER; HNO3; OH; INSTRUMENT; PHOTOLYSIS AB We describe a new laboratory-based method for in situ detection of nitrous acid (HONO) using a combination of thermal dissociation (TD) and chemiluminescent (CL) detection of nitric oxide. A prototype was built using a commercial NO sensor. Laboratory tests for possible chemical interferences show that measurements are affected in predictable ways by NO2, peroxy nitrates, alkyl nitrates, HNO3, O-3 and H2O. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 19 BP 3993 EP 4001 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.060 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177PM UT WOS:000247165000004 ER PT J AU Luke, WT Arnold, JR Gunter, RL Watson, TB Wellman, DL Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Riemer, D Tate, P AF Luke, Winston T. Arnold, Jeffrey R. Gunter, R. Laureen Watson, Thomas B. Wellman, Dennis L. Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Li, Jianzhong Riemer, Daniel Tate, Paul TI The NOAA Twin Otter and its role in BRACE: Platform description SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE trace gas measurement; aircraft; oxides of nitrogen; ozone; aerosols; air quality ID HYDROCARBON INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NO2 MEASUREMENTS; DETECTOR; HYDROPEROXIDE AB This paper describes in detail the platform and equipment used to make airborne measurements as part of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE). A De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Aircraft Operations Center, was used to measure chemical and meteorological parameters during the BRACE field intensive in May, 2002. The Twin Otter flew more than 90 h on 24 missions during BRACE, measuring a suite of positional (latitude, longitude, altitude, azimuth, roll, pitch, velocity), meteorological (temperatures, pressure, 2D wind fields, dew point, UV radiation) and chemical/physical (O-3, CO, SO2, CO2, NO, NO2, NO gamma, HNO3, CN, HCHO, H2O2, PAN, NMHCs, aerosol ionic composition.. aerosol size) parameters. This manuscript describes the chemical and meteorological measurement systems, calibration procedures, and instrument performance specifications. Companion papers in this special issue present an overview and summary of results from the aircraft flights. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, USEPA,ORD, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Surface Radiat Res Branch, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC3,Room 3316,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Winston.Luke@noaa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 4177 EP 4189 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.055 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180JB UT WOS:000247358000003 ER PT J AU Luke, WT Arnold, JR Watson, TB Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Kronmiller, K Hartsell, BE Tamanini, T Lopez, C King, C AF Luke, Winston T. Arnold, Jeffrey R. Watson, Thomas B. Dasgupta, Purnendu K. Li, Jianzhong Kronmiller, Keith Hartsell, Benjamin E. Tamanini, Thomas Lopez, Clemente King, Clark TI The NOAA Twin Otter and its role in BRACE: A comparison of aircraft and surface trace gas measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE oxides of nitrogen; ozone; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; aircraft; meteorology ID MODEL AB A DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, was deployed in Tampa, FL to measure aerosols and primary and secondary trace gases in support of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE). The Twin Otter repeatedly overflew the surface chemistry monitoring super site near Sydney, FL to assess the comparability of surface and airborne datasets and the spatial representativeness of the surface measurements. Prior to comparing the chemical data - sets, we evaluated the comparability of the standards used to calibrate surface and airborne detectors, as well as the uniformity of wind fields aloft and at the surface. Under easterly flow, when the dearth of significant upwind emission sources promoted chemical homogeneity at Sydney, trace gas concentrations at the surface and aloft were generally well correlated; R 2 ranged from 0.4396 for H2O2 to 0.9738 for O-3, and was typically better than 0.70 for NO, NO2, NOY, HNO3, HCHO, and SO2. Mean ratios of aircraft-to-surface concentrations during 10 overflights of Sydney were as follows: 1.002 +/- 0.265 (NO), 0.948 +/- 0.183 (NO2), 1.010 +/- 0.214 (NOY), 0.941 +/- 0.263 (HCHO), and 0.952 +/- 0.046 (O-3). Poorer agreement and larger variability in measured ratios were noted for SO2 (1.764 +/- 0.559), HNO3 (1.291 +/- 0.391), and H2O2 (1.200 +/- 0.657). Under easterly flow, surface measurements at Sydney were representative of conditions over horizontal scales as large as 50 km and agreed well with airborne values throughout the depth of the turbulently mixed boundary layer at mid-day. Westerly flow advected the Tampa urban plume over the site; under these conditions, as well its during transitional periods associated with the development of the land-sea breeze, surface conditions were representative of smaller spatial scales. Finally, we estimate possible errors in future measurement-model comparisons likely to arise from fine scale (or subgrid; < 2 km) variability of trace gas concentrations. Large subgrid variations in concentration fields were observed downwind of large emission point sources, and persisted across multiple model grid cells (distances > 4 km) in coherent plumes. Variability at the edges of the well-mixed urban plume, and at the interface of the land-sea breeze circulation, was significantly smaller. This suggests that even a failure of modeled wind fields to resolve the sea breeze return can induce moderate, but not overwhelming, errors in simulated concentration fields and dependent chemical processes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, USEPA ORD, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. Environm Protect Commiss Hillsborough Cty, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, SSMC3,R, 3316,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM winston.luke@noaa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 4190 EP 4209 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.060 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180JB UT WOS:000247358000004 ER PT J AU Yeates, TO Tsai, Y Tanaka, S Sawaya, MR Kerfeld, CA AF Yeates, T. O. Tsai, Y. Tanaka, S. Sawaya, M. R. Kerfeld, C. A. TI Self-assembly in the carboxysome: a viral capsid-like protein shell in bacterial cells SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cojnference on Bionanotechnology - From Self-Assembly to Cell Biology CY JAN 03-05, 2007 CL Homerton Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Homerton Coll DE carbon dioxide; carbon fixation; carboxysome; microcompartment; organelle; protein assembly ID CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; THIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS; ORGANELLES; PROKARYOTES; CYANOBACTERIA; ORGANIZATION; GENES AB Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet been discovered. The carboxysome is a subcellular structure that has been known for more than 40 years, but whose structural and functional details are just now emerging. This giant polyhedral body is constructed as a closed shell assembled from several thousand protein subunits. Within this protein shell, the carboxysome encapsulates the CO2-fixing enzymes, Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase) and carbonic anhydrase; this arrangement enhances the efficiency of cellular CO2 fixation. The carboxysome is present in many photosynthetic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, and so plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. it also serves as the prototypical member of what appears to be a large class of primitive protein-based organelles in bacteria. A series of crystal structures is beginning to reveal the secrets of how the carboxysome is assembled and how it enhances the efficiency of CO2 fixation. Some of the assembly principles revealed in the carboxysome are reminiscent of those seen in icosahedral viral capsids. in addition, the shell appears to be perforated by pores for metabolite transport into and out of the carboxysome, suggesting comparisons to the pores through oligomeric transmembrane proteins, which serve to transport small molecules across the membrane bilayers of cells and eukaryotic organelles. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 607 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yeates@mbi.ucla.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 BP 508 EP 511 PN 3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 181OB UT WOS:000247444900020 PM 17511640 ER PT J AU Linnemann, AK Platts, AE Doggett, N Gluch, A Bode, J Krawetz, SA AF Linnemann, A. K. Platts, A. E. Doggett, N. Gluch, A. Bode, J. Krawetz, S. A. TI Genomewide identification of nuclear matrix attachment regions: an analysis of methods SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Testis as a Conduit for Genomic Plasticity CY NOV 15-18, 2006 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND HO Univ Leeds DE chromosome 16; genomic analysis; lithium di-iodosalicylic acid (LIS); matrix attachment region; nuclear matrix ID SCAFFOLD/MATRIX ATTACHMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-SILICO; DNA ELEMENTS; DOMAIN; ORGANIZATION; ASSOCIATION; PROTEINS; MOUSE; LOCI AB High-throughput technologies now afford the opportunity to directly determine the distribution of MARs (matrix attachment regions) throughout a genome. The utility of cosmid and oligonucleotide platforms to identify human chromosome 16 MARs from preparations that employed LIS (lithium di-iodosalicylic acid) and NaCl extraction protocols was examined. The effectiveness of the platforms was then evaluated by Q-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). Analysis revealed that caution must be exercised, since the representation of non-coding regions varies among platforms. Nevertheless, several interesting trends were revealed. We expect that these technologies will prove useful in systems approaches directed towards defining the role of MARs in various cell types and cellular processes. C1 Wayne State Univ, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. HZI Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Krawetz, SA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI USA. EM steve@compbio.med.wayne.edu RI Platts, Adrian/H-5633-2013 OI Platts, Adrian/0000-0001-9238-9647 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36512] NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 BP 612 EP 617 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 181OB UT WOS:000247444900043 PM 17511663 ER PT J AU Quinlan, KGR Verger, A Yaswen, P Crossley, M AF Quinlan, Kate G. R. Verger, Alexis Yaswen, Paul Crossley, Merlin TI Amplification of zinc finger gene 217 (ZNF217) and cancer: When good fingers go bad SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER LA English DT Review DE zinc finger; oncogene; transcriptional repression; co-repressor cornplexes ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DNA COPY NUMBER; CANDIDATE ONCOGENE ZNF217; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; BREAST-CANCER; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; 20Q13.2 AMPLIFICATION; COLORECTAL CANCERS; OVARIAN CARCINOMAS AB Chromosome 20q 13 is highly amplified in human cancers, including 20-30% of early stage human breast cancers. The amplification correlates with poor prognosis. Over-expression of the zinc-finger protein 217 (ZNF217), a candidate oncogene on 20q13.2, in cultured human mammary and ovarian epithelial cells can lead to their immortalization, indicating that selection for ZNF217 expression inay drive 20q13 amplification during critical early stages of cancer progression. ZNF217 can also attenuate apoptotic signals resulting from exposure to doxorubicin, suggesting that ZNF217 expression may also be involved in resistance to chemotherapy. Recent findings indicate that ZNF217 binds specific DNA sequences, recruits the co-repressor C-terminal binding protein (CtBP), and represses the transcription of a variety of genes. Inappropriate expression of ZNF217 may lead to aberrant down-regulation of genes involved in limiting the proliferation, survival, and/or invasiveness of cancer cells. Better understanding of ZNF217 and its associated pathways may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention in human cancers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crossley, M (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, G08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM m.crossley@mmb.usyd.edu.au RI Crossley, Merlin/D-7888-2011; OI Crossley, Merlin/0000-0003-2057-3642; verger, alexis/0000-0002-0299-2344 NR 64 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-419X J9 BBA-REV CANCER JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Rev. Cancer PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1775 IS 2 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.05.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Oncology GA 187OR UT WOS:000247858100007 PM 17572303 ER PT J AU Horgan, FG AF Horgan, Finbarr G. TI Dung beetles in pasture landscapes of Central America: proliferation of synanthropogenic species and decline of forest specialists SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE abundance; diversity; El Salvador; fragmentation; Nicaragua; Scarabaeidae; tropical pastures ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES; LOS-TUXTLAS; WOODY-PLANTS; EL-SALVADOR; COSTA-RICA; DIVERSITY; FRAGMENTS; COLEOPTERA; MEXICO AB This study examines the spread of synanthropogenic dung beetles (species favoured by human activities) in pasture landscapes in Central America, and evaluates the role of forest fragments and regenerating patches of native vegetation in maintaining beetle diversity. Pitfall trapping was carried out at nine locations in El Salvador and seven in Atlantic Nicaragua that included both pasture and remnant or regenerating native vegetation. More dung beetle species occurred in forest fragments than in pastures. Community composition differed considerably between forest fragments from El Salvador and Nicaragua with many species restricted to either the Caribbean or Pacific regions. In contrast, dung beetle community composition and structure were largely the same in the pastures of El Salvador and Nicaragua, regardless of region or original habitat-type, and were similar to published results from pastures in Mexico and elsewhere on the Isthmus. Very small patches of native shrubs and tree stands (< 2.5 ha) maintained no forest specialists in Nicaragua, whereas, in El Salvador, some forest specialists occurred even in the smallest stands of trees (ca. 0.25 ha). The study indicates that the expansion of cattle pastures has caused a regional decline in dung beetle diversity. Forest fragments and small isolated patches of native trees and shrubs maintain some of the diversity of the original landscape but their conservation value for dung beetles will depend on the biogeographical history of the sites. C1 Univ El Salvador, Escuela Biol, San Salvador, El Salvador. RP Horgan, FG (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Co Carlow, Ireland. EM Finbarr.Horgan@teagasc.ie NR 48 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 2149 EP 2165 DI 10.1007/s10531-006-9145-3 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177KX UT WOS:000247153100011 ER PT J AU Szczesny, RJ Obriot, H Paczkowska, A Jedrzejczak, R Dmochowska, A Bartnik, E Formstecher, P Polakowska, R Stepien, PP AF Szczesny, Roman J. Obriot, Helene Paczkowska, Aleksandra Jedrzejczak, Robert Dmochowska, Aleksandra Bartnik, Ewa Formstecher, Pierre Polakowska, Renata Stepien, Piotr P. TI Down-regulation of human RNA/DNA helicase SUV3 induces apoptosis by a caspase- and AIF-dependent pathway SO BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF); caspase; helicase; human SUV3 ID INDEPENDENT CELL-DEATH; MITOCHONDRIAL RELEASE; RNA HELICASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; P53; DNA; ACTIVATION; SURVIVIN; DEGRADATION; DOWNSTREAM AB Background information. The nuclear gene hSUV3 (human SUV3) encodes an ATIP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the orthologous Suv3 protein is localized in mitochondria, and is a subunit of the degradosome complex which regulates RNA surveillance and turnover. In contrast, the functions of human SUV3 are not known to date. Results. In the present study, we show that a fraction of human SUV3 helicase is localized in the nucleus. Using small interfering RNA gene silencing in HeLa cells, we demonstrate that down-regulation of hSUV3 results in cell cycle perturbations and in apoptosis, which is both AIF- and caspase-dependent, and proceeds with the induction of p53. Conclusions. In addition to its mitochondrial localization, human SUV3 plays an important role in the nucleus and is probably involved in chromatin maintenance. C1 Univ Lille 2, INSERM, Fac Med, U814, F-59045 Lille, France. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Univ, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Polakowska, R (reprint author), Univ Lille 2, INSERM, Fac Med, U814, 1 Pl Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France. EM renata.polakowska@lille.inserm.fr FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 40 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0248-4900 J9 BIOL CELL JI Biol. Cell PD JUN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1042/BC20060108 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 180RB UT WOS:000247382100003 PM 17352692 ER PT J AU Metz, TO Zhang, QB Page, JS Shen, YF Callister, SJ Jacobs, JM Smith, RD AF Metz, Thomas O. Zhang, Qibin Page, Jason S. Shen, Yufeng Callister, Stephen J. Jacobs, Jon M. Smith, Richard D. TI Future of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in metabolic profiling and metabolomic studies for biomarker discovery SO BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; STABLE-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; URINE VAPOR; NANOELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION AB The future utility of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in metabolic profiling and metabolomic studies for biomarker discovery is discussed, beginning with a brief description of the evolution of metabolomics and the utilization of the three most popular analytical platforms in such studies: nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-MS and LC-MS. Emphasis is placed on recent developments in high-efficiency LC separations, sensitive electrospray ionization approaches and the benefits of incorporating both in LC-MS-based approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of various quantitative approaches are reviewed, followed by the current LC-MS-based tools available for candidate biomarker characterization and identification. Finally, a brief prediction on the future path of LC-MS-based methods in metabolic profiling and metabolomic studies is given. C1 [Metz, Thomas O.; Zhang, Qibin; Page, Jason S.; Shen, Yufeng; Callister, Stephen J.; Jacobs, Jon M.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Metz, TO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.metz@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-04]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK071283, R21 DK071283-02, R33 DK070146, R33 DK070146-03, R33 DK071283] NR 164 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 36 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0363 J9 BIOMARK MED JI Biomark. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 159 EP 185 DI 10.2217/17520363.1.1.159 PG 27 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 248AN UT WOS:000252123800021 PM 19177179 ER PT J AU Leu, BM Silvernail, NJ Zgierski, MZ Wyllie, GRA Ellison, MK Scheidt, WR Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Sage, JT AF Leu, Bogdan M. Silvernail, Nathan J. Zgierski, Marek Z. Wyllie, Graeme R. A. Ellison, Mary K. Scheidt, W. Robert Zhao, Jiyong Sturhahn, Wolfgang Alp, E. Ercan Sage, J. Timothy TI Quantitative vibrational dynamics of iron in carbonyl porphyrins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FE-C-O; SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; HEME-BASED SENSORS; LYING SPIN STATES; AXIAL LIGAND; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB We use nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy and computational predictions based on density functional theory ( DFT) to explore the vibrational dynamics of Fe-57 in porphyrins that mimic the active sites of histidine-ligated heme proteins complexed with carbon monoxide. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy yields the complete vibrational spectrum of a Mossbauer isotope, and provides a valuable probe that is not only selective for protein active sites but quantifies the mean-squared amplitude and direction of the motion of the probe nucleus, in addition to vibrational frequencies. Quantitative comparison of the experimental results with DFT calculations provides a detailed, rigorous test of the vibrational predictions, which in turn provide a reliable description of the observed vibrational features. In addition to the well-studied stretching vibration of the Fe-CO bond, vibrations involving the Fe-imidazole bond, and the Fe-Npyr bonds to the pyrrole nitrogens of the porphyrin contribute prominently to the observed experimental signal. All of these frequencies show structural sensitivity to the corresponding bond lengths, but previous studies have failed to identify the latter vibrations, presumably because the coupling to the electronic excitation is too small in resonance Raman measurements. We also observe the FeCO bending vibrations, which are not Raman active for these unhindered model compounds. The observed Fe amplitude is strongly inconsistent with three-body oscillator descriptions of the FeCO fragment, but agrees quantitatively with DFT predictions. Over the past decade, quantum chemical calculations have suggested revised estimates of the importance of steric distortion of the bound CO in preventing poisoning of heme proteins by carbon monoxide. Quantitative agreement with the predicted frequency, amplitude, and direction of Fe motion for the FeCO bending vibrations provides direct experimental support for the quantum chemical description of the energetics of the FeCO unit. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Complex Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sage, JT (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jtsage@neu.edu RI Leu, Bogdan/J-9952-2015 OI Leu, Bogdan/0000-0003-2020-0686 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-38401, R01 GM038401] NR 152 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 11 BP 3764 EP 3783 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.093773 PG 20 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 166TB UT WOS:000246401800003 PM 17350996 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZG Simon, MN Wall, JS McKnight, CJ AF Jiang, Zhenghui Gordon Simon, Martha N. Wall, Joseph S. McKnight, C. James TI Structural analysis of reconstituted lipoproteins containing the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein B SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; A-I; LIPID-FREE; TRIOLEIN/WATER INTERFACE; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; LIPOVITELLIN; BINDING AB Apolipoproteins play a central role in lipoprotein metabolism, and are directly implicated in cardiovascular diseases, but their structural characterization has been complicated by their structural flexibility and heterogeneity. Here we describe the structural characterization of the N-terminal region of apolipoprotein B (apoB), the major protein component of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, in the presence of phospholipids. Specifically, we focus on the N-terminal 6.4-17% of apoB (B6.4-17) complexed with the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in vitro. In addition to circular dichroism spectroscopy and limited proteolysis, our strategy incorporates nanogold-labeling of the protein in the reconstituted lipoprotein complex followed by visualization and molecular weight determination with scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging. Based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging analysis of; 1300 individual particles where the B6.4-17 is labeled with nanogold through a six- His tag, most complexes contain either two or three B6.4-17 molecules. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and limited proteolysis of these reconstituted particles indicate that there are no large conformational changes in B6.4-17 upon lipoprotein complex formation. This is in contrast to the large structural changes that occur during apolipoprotein A-I-lipid interactions. The method described here allows a direct measurement of the stoichiometry and molecular weight of individual particles, rather than the average of the entire sample. Thus, it represents a useful strategy to characterize the structure of lipoproteins, which are not structurally uniform, but can still be defined by an ensemble of related patterns. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McKnight, CJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM cjmck@bu.edu OI McKnight, C./0000-0002-3237-0896; Jiang, Zhenghui/0000-0003-0495-9940 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL026335, HL-26335]; NIBIB NIH HHS [5 P41 EB2181, P41 EB002181] NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 11 BP 4097 EP 4108 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.101105 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 166TB UT WOS:000246401800032 PM 17369413 ER PT J AU Salerno, RM Hickok, LT AF Salerno, Reynolds M. Hickok, Lauren T. TI Strengthening bioterrorism prevention: Global biological materials management SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; BIOSECURITY; THREATS; WEAPON AB The anthrax attacks of 2001 demonstrated that bioterrorism poses a significant threat to U. S. national security. This threat is increasing as a result of the rapid expansion in scale and technical capabilities of the global biotechnology industry, which is broadening the availability of materials, technologies, and expertise needed to produce a biological weapon and is lowering the barriers to biological weapons terrorism and proliferation. At the same time, there has been a rise of sophisticated yet loosely networked transnational terrorist groups that have shown an interest in bioterrorism. The United States must confront this convergence. Although the U. S. government pursues many different biodefense programs to bolster its ability to detect and respond to a bioterrorist attack, these efforts must be augmented with preventive measures to meet today's international challenges. U. S. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 10 of April 2004 defines "Prevention and Protection" as one of the four essential pillars of the U. S. response to the bioterrorist threat. However, while bioscience and policy experts have proposed a variety of preventive initiatives, the creation of such programs has been slow and limited. Global biological materials management, which would focus on identifying and protecting those biological materials at the greatest risk of being used maliciously, is one potential solution. Such an approach would augment current U. S. biodefense efforts, provide the international community an effective means of mitigating the global threat of bioterrorism, and strengthen the international community's battle against emerging infectious disease. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Global Secur Program, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. John Hopkins Sch Adv Int Studies, Washington, DC USA. RP Salerno, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Global Secur Program, POB 5800,MS 1371, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmsaler@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1089/bsp.2006.0027 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 186SS UT WOS:000247799100012 PM 17608597 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP Ding, SY Mielenz, JR Cui, JB Elander, RT Laser, M Himmel, ME McMillan, JR Lynd, LR AF Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival Ding, Shi-You Mielenz, Jonathan R. Cui, Jing-Biao Elander, Richard T. Laser, Mark Himmel, Michael E. McMillan, James R. Lynd, Lee R. TI Fractionating recalcitrant lignocellulose at modest reaction conditions SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biorefinery; cellulose hydrolysis; cellulosic ethanol; lignocellulose fractionation ID DIETARY MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; COMPRESSED-HOT-WATER; CORN STOVER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; SUGAR RECOVERY; CELLULOSE; BIOMASS AB Effectively releasing the locked polysaccharides from recalcitrant lignocellulose to fermentable sugars is among the greatest technical and economic barriers to the realization of lignocellulose biorefineries because leading lignocellulose pre-treatment technologies suffer from low sugar yields, and/or severe reaction conditions, and/or high cellulase use, narrow substrate applicability, and high capital investment, etc. A new lignocellulose pre-treatment featuring modest reaction conditions (50 degrees C and atmospheric pressure) was demonstrated to fractionate lignocellulose to amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and acetic acid by using a non-volatile cellulose solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid), a highly volatile organic solvent (acetone), and water. The highest sugar yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were attributed to no sugar degradation during the fractionation and the highest enzymatic cellulose digestibility (similar to 97% in 24 h) during the hydrolysis step at the enzyme loading of 15 filter paper units of cellulase and 60 IU of beta-glucosidase per gram of glucan. Isolation of high-value lignocellulose components (lignin, acetic acid, and hemicellulose) would greatly increase potential revenues of a lignocellulose biorefinery. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Ctr Nanomat Res, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013; Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X; NR 54 TC 300 Z9 319 U1 18 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1002/bit.21386 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 167ET UT WOS:000246434700002 PM 17318910 ER PT J AU Johnson, HR Hooker, JM Francis, MB Clark, DS AF Johnson, Harvey R. Hooker, Jacob M. Francis, Matthew B. Clark, Douglas S. TI Solubilization and stabilization of bacteriophage MS2 in organic solvents SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE capsid; viral infectivity; vaccine; reverse micelles; bioconjugation ID REVERSE MICELLES; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; CATALYSIS; MEDIA; ACID; MS2 AB Several techniques were examined for the solubilization of bacteriophage MS2 in organic solvents. Direct extraction of the MS2 from an aqueous phase into isooctane containing 2 mM AOT, a proven approach for the organic solubilization of many proteins, was not successful. However, predried samples of MS2 were solubilized through the direct addition of organic solvents containing 500 mM AOT. As an alternative procedure, reverse micelles containing aqueous solutions of MS2 were prepared in isooctane using AOT, dehydrated through solvent evaporation and azeotropic drying, and resolubilized in a solvent of choice. The structure and microenvironment of organic-solubilized MS2 were investigated by UV absorbance, the fluorescence emission of an attached solvatochromatic dye, tryptophan fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy, all of which contributed evidence for a fully assembled capsid in the organic solvent. The solubilized MS2 was derivatized with stearic acid in chloroform, illustrating that bioconjugation reactions can be performed on organic-solubilized capsids using reagents that are completely insoluble in water. Furthermore, the organic-solubilized phage remained infectious after heating at 90 degrees C for 20 min, whereas phage in aqueous buffer or dried with nitrogen were nonviable following the heat treatment protocol. The extended range of available chemical modifications and the enhanced thermal stability of the organic-solubilized capsids bodes well for the formulation of storage-stable vaccines predicated on reactions in or exposure to organic media. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clark@berkeley.edu OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM072700-01, R01 GM66712-01] NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1002/bit.21245 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 167ET UT WOS:000246434700003 PM 17099911 ER PT J AU Balooch, G Nalla, RK Alliston, T Ritchie, RO AF Balooch, G. Nalla, R. K. Alliston, T. Ritchie, R. O. TI The effect of TGF-beta and Runx2 on mechanical properties and composition of bone matrix SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Scientific Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Bone & Mineral Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 SU 2 BP S110 EP S110 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 181GV UT WOS:000247426100019 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, MH Ebert-McNeill, A Cerny, EA AF Bhattacharyya, M. H. Ebert-McNeill, A. Cerny, E. A. TI Effects of cigarette smoke cadmium on the release of calcium from bone in humans SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Scientific Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Bone & Mineral Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 SU 2 BP S294 EP S295 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 181GV UT WOS:000247426100400 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, GE Nyman, JS Garrett, IR Edwards, JR McCluskey, B Rossini, G Alliston, T Ionova, S Ritchie, RO Flores, A Mundy, GR AF Gutierrez, G. E. Nyman, J. S. Garrett, I. R. Edwards, J. R. McCluskey, B. Rossini, G. Alliston, T. Ionova, S. Ritchie, R. O. Flores, A. Mundy, G. R. TI Pharmacologic enhancement of bone strength by statins SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Scientific Meeting of the International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Bone & Mineral Soc C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. OsteoScreen Ltd, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 SU 2 BP S208 EP S208 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 181GV UT WOS:000247426100221 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Lan, CH Jeng, MS AF Xu, Tengfang Lan, Chao-Ho Jeng, Ming-Shan TI Performance of large fan-filter units for cleanroom applications SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cleanroom; fan-filter unit (FFU); airflow; energy efficiency; total pressure efficiency (TPE); energy performance index (EPI) AB Fan-filter units (FFUs) are widely used in clean space to re-circulate and remove particles Out of the airflows directed to cleanrooms or minienvironments. Energy and aerodynamic performance of FFUs may largely influence both energy efficiency and effectiveness ill contamination control in the cleanroom design, qualifications, and operation. This article presents laboratory-measured performance of seven relatively new and large FFUs, with a section size of 122-cm x 122-cm, or 4-ft x 4-ft. In addition, this article includes a comparison of the performance of these large FFUs with that of smaller, 122-cm x 61-cm (or 4-ft x 2-ft) FFUs that were previously tested. The comparison was based upon a set of performance metrics such as total pressure efficiency (TPE) and energy performance index (EPI). This article found that there were wide variations in the energy performance of FFUs, and that using a consistent evaluation method call generate comparable FFU performance information. When operating at the maximal setting of speed control dials used to control their respective fan-wheel speeds, the larger units in this study tended to be more energy efficient than their smaller counterparts. The energy efficiency level of the same unit may vary considerably, depending on actual operating conditions such as airflow speeds and pressure rise across the units. Furthermore, this article provides recommendations for further investigations to improve energy efficiency of FFU applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ind Technol Res Inst, Thermofluids Technol Div, Energy & Resources Lab, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg90R311, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ttxu@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2299 EP 2304 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.05.007 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 148FR UT WOS:000245060500011 ER PT J AU Lee, ES Tavil, A AF Lee, E. S. Tavil, A. TI Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windows with overhangs SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE building simulation; energy efficiency; electrochromic windows; daylighting; control algorithms AB DOE-2 building energy simulations were conducted to determine if there were practical architectural and control strategy solutions that would enable electrochromic (EC) windows to significantly improve Visual comfort without eroding energy-efficiency benefits. EC windows were combined with overhangs since opaque overhangs provide protection from direct sun which EC windows are unable to do alone. The window wall was divided into an upper and lower aperture so that various combinations of overhang position and control strategies could be considered. The overhang was positioned either at the top of the upper window aperture or between the upper and lower apertures. Overhang depth was varied. EC control strategies were fully bleached at all times, modulated based on incident vertical solar radiation limits, or modulated to meet the design work plane illuminance with daylight. The EC performance was compared to a state-of-the-art spectrally selective low-e window with the same divided window wall, window size, and overhang as the EC configuration. The reference window was also combined with an interior shade which was manually deployed to control glare and direct sun. Both systems had the same daylighting control system to dim the electric lighting. Results were given for south-facing private offices in a typical commercial building. In hot and cold climates such as Houston and Chicago, EC windows with overhangs can significantly reduce the average annual daylight glare index (DGI) and deliver significant annual energy use savings if the window area is large. Total primary annual energy use was increased by 2-5% for moderate-area windows in either climate but decreased by 10% in Chicago and 5% in Houston for large-area windows. Peak electric demand can be reduced by 7-8%) for rnoderate-area windows and by 14-16% for large-area windows in either climate. Energy and peak demand reductions can be significantly greater if the reference case does not have exterior shading or state-ofthe-art static glass. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Architecture, TR-34437 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Mailstop 90-3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eslee@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2439 EP 2449 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.016 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 148FR UT WOS:000245060500027 ER PT J AU Flanagan, MP Myers, SC Koper, KD AF Flanagan, Megan P. Myers, Stephen C. Koper, Keith D. TI Regional travel-time uncertainty and seismic location improvement using a three-dimensional a priori velocity model SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED CALIBRATION EVENTS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; UPPER-MANTLE; SHEAR-VELOCITY; IDENTIFICATION; COMPUTATION; INVERSION; PAKISTAN; STATIONS; EURASIA AB We demonstrate our ability to improve regional travel-time prediction and seismic event location accuracy using an a priori 3D velocity model of Western Eurasia and North Africa (WENA1.0). Travel-time residuals are assessed relative to the iasp91 model for approximately 6000 Pg, Pn, and P arrivals, from seismic events having 2 sigma epicenter accuracy between 1 km and 25 km (ground truth 1 [GTI] and GT25, respectively), recorded at 39 stations throughout the model region. Ray paths range in length between 0 degrees and 40 degrees (local, regional, and near teleseismic) providing depth sounding that spans the crust and upper mantle. The dataset also provides representative geographic sampling across Eurasia and North Africa including aseismic areas. The WENALO model markedly improves travel-time predictions for most stations with an average variance reduction of 29% for all ray paths from the GT25 events; when we consider GT5 and better events alone, the variance reduction is 49%. For location tests we use 196 geographically distributed GT5 and better events. In 134 cases (68% of the events), locations are improved, and average mislocation is reduced from 24.9 km to 17.7 km. We develop a travel-time uncertainty model that is used to calculate location coverage ellipses. The coverage ellipses for WENA1.0 are validated to be representative of epicenter error and are smaller than those for iasp91 by 37%. We conclude that a priori models are directly applicable where data coverage limits tomographic and empirical approaches, and the development of the uncertainty model enables merging of a priori and data-driven approaches using Bayesian techniques. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Flanagan, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808,L-205, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014 OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599 NR 56 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 804 EP 825 DI 10.1785/0120060079 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 175ZM UT WOS:000247052500009 ER PT J AU Corish, SA Bradley, CR Olsen, KB AF Corish, Siobhan A. Bradley, Chris R. Olsen, Kim B. TI Assessment of a nonlinear dynamic rupture inversion technique applied to a synthetic earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; STRONG GROUND MOTION; STRESS; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB Dynamic rupture inversion is a powerful tool for learning why and how faults fail, but much more work has been done in developing inversion methods than evaluating how well these methods work. This study examines how well a nonlinear rupture inversion method recovers a set of known dynamic rupture parameters on a synthetic fault based on the 2000 western Tottori, Japan earthquake (M-w 6.6). Rupture evolution on the fault is governed by a slip-weakening friction law. A direct-search method known as the neighborhood algorithm (Sambridge, 1999) is used to find optimal values of both the initial stress distribution and the slip-weakening distance on the fault, based on misfit values between known and predicted strong-motion displacement records. The yield stress and frictional sliding stress on the fault are held constant. A statistical assessment of the results shows that, for this test case, the inversion succeeds in locating all parameters to within +/- 14% of their true values. With the model configuration used in this study, the parameters located in the central rupture area are better resolved than the parameters located at the sides and bottom of the fault. In addition, a positive linear correlation between the mean initial stress and the slip-weakening distance is identified. The investigation confirms that dynamic rupture inversion is useful for determining rupture parameters on the fault, but that intrinsic trade-offs and poor resolution of some parameters limit the amount of information that can be unambiguously inferred from the results. In addition, this study demonstrates that using a statistical approach to assess nonlinear inversion results shows how sensitive the misfit measure is to the various parameters, and allows a level of confidence to be attached to the output parameter values. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Corish, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM corish@lanl.gov; cbradley@lanl.gov; kbolsen@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 901 EP 914 DI 10.1785/0120060066 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 175ZM UT WOS:000247052500014 ER PT J AU Turchi, PEA Kaufman, L Liu, ZK AF Turchi, P. E. A. Kaufman, L. Liu, Zi-Kui TI Modeling of Ni-Cr-Mo based alloys: Part II - Kinetics SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CALPHAD; DICTRA; diffusion; kinetic modeling; Ni-Cr-Mo; phase transformations; TTT diagrams ID THERMO-CALC; FE; SIMULATION; MOBILITIES; DIFFUSION; DICTRA; PHASE AB The CALPHAD approach is applied to kinetic studies of phase transformations and to aging of prototypes of Ni-Cr-Mo-based alloys selected for waste disposal canisters in the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). Based on a previous study on alloy stability for several candidate alloys, the thermodynamic driving forces, together with a newly developed mobility database, have been used to analyze diffusion-controlled transformations in these Ni-based alloys. Results on precipitation of the Ni2Cr-ordered phase in Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and of the complex P and sigma phases in a surrogate of Alloy 22 are presented, and the output from the modeling are compared with experimental data on aging. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-372,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM turchi1@llnl.gov RI Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2006.12.006 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 172WP UT WOS:000246835500011 ER PT J AU Hu, SY Murray, J Weiland, H Liu, ZK Chen, LQ AF Hu, S. Y. Murray, J. Weiland, H. Liu, Z. K. Chen, L. Q. TI Thermodynamic description and growth kinetics of stoichiometric precipitates in the phase-field approach SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phase-field modelling; theta ' precipitate; growth kinetics; Al-Cu alloys ID AL-CU ALLOYS; BINARY-ALLOYS; MODEL; INTERFACES AB In theoretical analyses and computational simulations chemical free energies of stoichiometric compounds and solid solution phases are often approximated by parabolic functions. In the present work, we focus on examining the effect of different approximations of chemical free energies on predicted precipitate growth kinetics with phase-field modelling. As an example, we studied the precipitation of plate-like theta'(Al2Cu) in Al-4 wt%Cu Alloys. Using six sets of chemical free energies for theta' and Al-Cu solid solution, growth kinetics of theta' precipitates were simulated by assuming either constant diffusivity or constant atomic mobility. It is demonstrated that the parabolic function provides a good description for the chemical free energy of a stoichiometric compound while the growth kinetics is sensitive to the approximation of chemical free energy for the solution phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hu, SY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM syhu@lanl.gov RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 EI 1873-2984 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2006.08.005 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 172WP UT WOS:000246835500019 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Park, JY AF Somorjai, Gabor A. Park, Jeong Y. TI The impact of surface science on the commercialization of chemical processes SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE surface science in catalysis; surface catalysis in chemical processes ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; CATALYTIC-REACTIONS; AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS; MODEL CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURES AB Surface science developed instruments for atomic- and molecular-scale studies of catalyst surfaces, their composition and structure, both in a vacuum and at high pressures, under reaction conditions (bridging the pressure gap). Surfaces ranging from single crystals, nanoparticles and thin films to porous high surface area catalytic materials have been studied. Classes of surface structure sensitive and insensitive reactions have been identified by surface science studies, including ammonia synthesis, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, combustion and hydrogenation. Rates of reactions often vary by orders of magnitude between using the right and the wrong surface structures. The roles of many promoters that modify the catalyst surface structures and bonding of adsorbates have been verified. Surface reaction intermediates could be identified and the mobility of adsorbates and the adsorbate induced reconstruction of the catalysts attest to the dynamic nature of the catalytic systems during the reaction turnover. The important active sites for catalysis include the low coordination surface step, kink, oxygen and chloride ion vacancies sites and sites at oxide-metal interfaces. Uncovering the molecular ingredients of heterogeneous catalysts will have a major impact on the understanding of reaction selectivity to help the evolution of green chemistry and selective reaction of many types. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008 NR 61 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X EI 1572-879X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10562-007-9137-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 179UT UT WOS:000247316300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, SG Zhang, ZC AF Zhang, Shuguang Zhang, Z. Conrad TI Skeletal isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids: the role of mesopores in HBeta zeolites SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE isomerization; fatty acid; branched; zeolite; acidity; mesopore ID BETA-ZEOLITES; CATALYST; TOLUENE AB Fatty acids are an important class of feedstock for the production of many chemicals, such as surfactants, lubricants, biodiesel, etc. Fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats typically have linear aliphatic chain, and are therefore called linear fatty acids. Products based on branched fatty acids offer many attractive properties over those based on linear ones, e.g. low melting points and low viscosity. Catalytic skeletal isomerization of linear fatty acids to branched ones is particularly important for industrial production of branched fatty acids. This paper for the first time reveals the key properties of the most active zeolite catalysts for this reaction. Among many solid acid catalysts studied, acidic Beta zeolites were found to stand out in their performance for the reaction. In this work, several acidic Beta zeolites (HBeta) from commercial sources were evaluated for their performance in fatty acid skeletal isomerization. The activities of these zeolites under identical test conditions were found to vary in a wide range, even with similar silica to alumina molar ratios (SAR). A combination of characterization techniques was used to systematically investigate the most critical property of the zeolites responsible for the observed superior activity. All the HBeta zeolites in this study have high crystallinity. Pore size distribution of the zeolites was identified to be the most important factor that unambiguously correlates the catalyst activity to the amount of mesopores in the HBeta zeolites. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Environm Engn, Dalian 116622, Peoples R China. Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Dalian 116622, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,902 Batelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Conrad.zhang@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10562-007-9083-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 179UT UT WOS:000247316300004 ER PT J AU Liu, B Yang, YH Chernishof, V Loo, RRO Jang, H Tahk, S Yang, R Mink, S Shultz, D Bellone, CJ Loo, JA Shuai, K AF Liu, Bin Yang, Yonghui Chernishof, Vasili Loo, Rachel R. Ogorzalek Jang, Hyunduk Tahk, Samuel Yang, Randy Mink, Sheldon Shultz, David Bellone, Clifford J. Loo, Joseph A. Shuai, Ke TI Proinflammatory stimuli induce IKK alpha-mediated phosphorylation of PIAS1 to restrict inflammation and immunity SO CELL LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; NEGATIVE REGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; KINASE-ALPHA; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; SYSTEM; INHIBITION; CYTOKINE AB How inflammatory stimuli signal to the nucleus to restrict inflammation is poorly understood. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), a transcriptional regulator that possesses small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase activity, inhibits immune responses by selectively blocking the binding of NF-kappa B and STAT1 to gene promoters. We report here that PIAS1 becomes rapidly phosphorylated on Ser90 residue in response to various inflammatory stimuli. Mutational studies indicate that Ser90 phosphorylation is required for PIAS1 to repress transcription. Upon TNF treatment, wild-type PIAS1, but not the Ser90A mutant, becomes rapidly associated with the promoters of NF-kappa B target genes. Furthermore, IKK alpha, but not IKK beta, interacts with PIAS1 in vivo and mediates PIAS1 Ser90 phosphorylation, a process that requires the SUMO ligase activity of PIAS1. Our results identify a signaling pathway in which proinflammatory stimuli activate the IKK alpha-mediated sumoylation-dependent phosphorylation of PIAS1 for the immediate repression of inflammatory gene activation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. RP Shuai, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kshuai@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K01 AR52717-01] NR 26 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 15 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.056 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 176KT UT WOS:000247084600011 PM 17540171 ER PT J AU Beliveau, A Yaswen, P AF Beliveau, Alain Yaswen, Paul TI Soothing the watchman - Telomerase reduces the p53-dependent cellular stress response SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE EGF; growth arrest; H2AX; hTERT; insulin; p53; senescence; telomerase; TGF beta ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; IMMORTAL CELLS; TGF-BETA; GROWTH; P53; SENESCENCE; EXPRESSION AB In addition to conferring an indefinite replicative life span, telomerase renders p16(-) human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) resistant to growth arrest by TGF beta or by loss of EGF or insulin signaling. In contrast to earlier reports, we recently found that growth factor signaling was not directly affected by telomerase expression. Rather, short dysfunctional or near-dysfunctional telomeres in proliferating telomerase(-) HMEC sensitized the cells to p53-dependent signals for growth arrest. We showed that during serial passage and before any signs of replicative senescence, HMEC lacking telomerase experience enhanced p53 stability and DNA damage signaling, as determined by increased phosphorylation on p53-Ser15 and Chk2-Thr68, and formation of 53BP1/phosphorylated histone H2AX foci at chromosome ends. This heightened activity of the p53 pathway enhanced the efficiency with which cells arrested growth in response to TGF beta or to EGF or insulin withdrawal, and was abolished by ectopic expression of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Telomerase elongated short telomeres, thereby reducing the basal level of activated p53 and raising cellular tolerance for other p53-dependent signals, including those emanating from non-genotoxic sources. These findings explain a number of observed effects of telomerase expression on cell growth and survival without postulating additional functions for telomerase. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM P_Yaswen@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1284 EP 1287 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 190SZ UT WOS:000248081700002 PM 17534147 ER PT J AU Shin, Y Exarhos, GJ AF Shin, Yongsoon Exarhos, Gregory J. TI Conversion of cellulose materials into nanostructured ceramics by biomineralization SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE biomimetic; cellulose; nanocrystal; silica; silicon carbide; silicon oxide ID SILICA; MINERALIZATION; COMPOSITES; FILMS; PULP AB Synthesis of hierarchically ordered silica materials having ordered wood cellular structures has been demonstrated through in-situ mineralization of wood by means of surfactant-directed mineralization in solutions of different pH. At low pH, silicic acid penetrates the buried interfaces of the wood cellular structure without clogging the pores to subsequently `` molecularly paint'' the interfaces thereby forming a positive replica following calcinations. At high pH, the hydrolyzed silica rapidly condenses to fill the open cells and pits within the structure resulting in a negative replica of the structure. Surfactant-templated mineralization in acid solutions leads to the formation of micelles that hexagonally pack at the wood interfaces preserving structural integrity while integrating hexagonally ordered nanoporosity into the structure of the cell walls following thermal treatment in air. The carbothermal reduction of mineralized wood with silica at high temperature produces biomorphic silicon carbide ( SiC) materials, which are typical aggregations of beta-SiC nanoparticles. To understand the roles of each component ( lignin, crystalline cellulose, amorphous cellulose) comprising the natural biotemplates in the transformation to SiC rods, three different cellulose precursors including unbleached and bleached pulp, and cellulose nanocrystals have been utilized. Lignin in unbleached pulp blocked homogeneous penetration of silica into the pores between cellulose fibers resulting in non-uniform SiC fibers containing thick silica layers. Bleached pulp produced uniform SiC rods with camelback structures ( 80 nm in diameter; - 50 lm in length), indicating that more silica infiltrates into the amorphous constituent of cellulose to form chunky rather than straight rod structures. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNXL) material produced clean and uniform SiC nanowires ( 70 nm in diameter; > 100 lm in length) without the camelback structure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shin, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yongsoon.shin@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s10570-006-9101-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 164YG UT WOS:000246270300010 ER PT J AU Almaas, E AF Almaas, Eivind TI Optimal flux patterns in cellular metabolic networks SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COMPLEX NETWORKS; REGULATORY NETWORK; MODELS; GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSCRIPTOME; CAPABILITIES AB The availability of whole-cell-level metabolic networks of high quality has made it possible to develop a predictive understanding of bacterial metabolism. Using the optimization framework of flux balance analysis, I investigate the metabolic response and activity patterns to variations in the availability of nutrient and chemical factors such as oxygen and ammonia by simulating 30 000 random cellular environments. The distribution of reaction fluxes is heavy tailed for the bacteria H. pylori and E. coli, and the eukaryote S. cerevisiae. While the majority of flux balance investigations has relied on implementations of the simplex method, it is necessary to use interior-point optimization algorithms to adequately characterize the full range of activity patterns on metabolic networks. The interior-point activity pattern is bimodal for E. coli and S. cerevisiae, suggesting that most metabolic reactions are either in frequent use or are rarely active. The trimodal activity pattern of H. pylori indicates that a group of its metabolic reactions (20%) are active in approximately half of the simulated environments. Constructing the high-flux backbone of the network for every environment, there is a clear trend that the more frequently a reaction is active, the more likely it is a part of the backbone. Finally, I briefly discuss the predicted activity patterns of the central carbon metabolic pathways for the sample of random environments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Almaas, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM almaas@llnl.gov OI Almaas, Eivind/0000-0002-9125-326X NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 026107 DI 10.1063/1.2737828 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600040 PM 17614694 ER PT J AU Dobson, I Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Newman, DE AF Dobson, Ian Carreras, Benjamin A. Lynch, Vickie E. Newman, David E. TI Complex systems analysis of series of blackouts: Cascading failure, critical points, and self-organization SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; MODEL; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS; SECURITY AB We give an overview of a complex systems approach to large blackouts of electric power transmission systems caused by cascading failure. Instead of looking at the details of particular blackouts, we study the statistics and dynamics of series of blackouts with approximate global models. Blackout data from several countries suggest that the frequency of large blackouts is governed by a power law. The power law makes the risk of large blackouts consequential and is consistent with the power system being a complex system designed and operated near a critical point. Power system overall loading or stress relative to operating limits is a key factor affecting the risk of cascading failure. Power system blackout models and abstract models of cascading failure show critical points with power law behavior as load is increased. To explain why the power system is operated near these critical points and inspired by concepts from self-organized criticality, we suggest that power system operating margins evolve slowly to near a critical point and confirm this idea using a power system model. The slow evolution of the power system is driven by a steady increase in electric loading, economic pressures to maximize the use of the grid, and the engineering responses to blackouts that upgrade the system. Mitigation of blackout risk should account for dynamical effects in complex self-organized critical systems. For example, some methods of suppressing small blackouts could ultimately increase the risk of large blackouts.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. BACV Solut Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Dobson, I (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dobson@engr.wisc.edu RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008; Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475; Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 59 TC 211 Z9 221 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 026103 DI 10.1063/1.2737822 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600036 PM 17614690 ER PT J AU Guclu, H Korniss, G Toroczkai, Z AF Guclu, H. Korniss, G. Toroczkai, Z. TI Extreme fluctuations in noisy task-completion landscapes on scale-free networks SO CHAOS LA English DT Review ID DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATIONS; UNIVERSAL FLUCTUATIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; CORRELATED SYSTEMS; DYNAMICAL NETWORKS; WIDTH DISTRIBUTION; DEGREE SEQUENCE; MAXIMUM TERM; SYNCHRONIZATION; INTERFACES AB We study the statistics and scaling of extreme fluctuations in noisy task-completion landscapes, such as those emerging in synchronized distributed-computing networks, or generic causally constrained queuing networks, with scale-free topology. In these networks the average size of the fluctuations becomes finite (synchronized state) and the extreme fluctuations typically diverge only logarithmically in the large system-size limit ensuring synchronization in a practical sense. Provided that local fluctuations in the network are short tailed, the statistics of the extremes are governed by the Gumbel distribution. We present large-scale simulation results using the exact algorithmic rules, supported by mean-field arguments based on a coarse-grained description.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Guclu, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Korniss, Gyorgy/A-7360-2011 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; NR 112 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 026104 DI 10.1063/1.2735446 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600037 PM 17614691 ER PT J AU Gulbahce, N AF Gulbahce, Natali TI Optimization in gradient networks SO CHAOS LA English DT Article AB Gradient networks can be used to model the dominant structure of complex networks. Previous work has focused on random gradient networks. Here we study gradient networks that minimize jamming on substrate networks with scale-free and Erdos-Renyi structure. We introduce structural correlations and strongly reduce congestion occurring on the network by using a Monte Carlo optimization scheme. This optimization alters the degree distribution and other structural properties of the resulting gradient networks. These results are expected to be relevant for transport and other dynamical processes in real network systems.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gulbahce, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gulbahce@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 026105 DI 10.1063/1.2737825 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600038 PM 17614692 ER PT J AU Teuscher, C AF Teuscher, Christof TI Nature-inspired interconnects for self-assembled large-scale network-on-chip designs SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; GIGASCALE INTEGRATION; COMPLEX NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRONICS; ARCHITECTURE; NANOWIRES; CIRCUITS; SYNCHRONIZATION; OPPORTUNITIES AB Future nanoscale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components need efficient, highly scalable, and robust means of communication in order to be competitive with traditional silicon approaches. In recent years, the networks-on-chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect challenges in silicon-based electronics. Current NoC architectures are either highly regular or fully customized, both of which represent implausible assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection. Here, we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design tradeoffs and properties of an irregular, abstract, yet physically plausible three-dimensional (3D) small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip paradigms. We vary the framework's key parameters, such as the connectivity, number of switch nodes, and distribution of long- versus short-range connections, and measure the network's relevant communication characteristics. We further explore the robustness against link failures and the ability and efficiency to solve a simple toy problem, the synchronization task. The results confirm that (1) computation in irregular assemblies is a promising and disruptive computing paradigm for self-assembled nanoscale electronics and (2) that 3D small-world interconnect fabrics with a power-law decaying distribution of shortcut lengths are physically plausible and have major advantages over local two-dimensional and 3D regular topologies.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3,MS-B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM christof@teuscher.ch NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 AR 026106 DI 10.1063/1.2740566 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 184FD UT WOS:000247625600039 PM 17614693 ER PT J AU Zhou, HB Nettles, KW Bruning, JB Kim, Y Joachimiak, A Sharma, S Carlson, KE Stossi, F Katzenellenbogen, BS Greene, GL Katzenellenbogen, JA AF Zhou, Hai-Bing Nettles, Kendall W. Bruning, John B. Kim, Younchang Joachimiak, Andrzej Sharma, Sanjay Carlson, Kathryn E. Stossi, Fabio Katzenellenbogen, Benita S. Greene, Geoffrey L. Katzenellenbogen, John A. TI Elemental isomerism: A boron-nitrogen surrogate for a carbon-carbon double bond increases the chemical diversity of estrogen receptor ligands SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-SELECTIVE LIGANDS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEDICINES; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; CHEMISTRY; ANTIESTROGENS; ALPHA; BETA; DERIVATIVES; ANTAGONISM; MODULATORS AB To increase the chemical diversity of bioactive molecules by incorporating unusual elements, we have examined the replacement of a C=C double bond with the isoelectronic, isostructural B-N bond in the context of nonsteroidal estrogen receptor (ER) ligands. While the B-N bond was hydrolytically labile in the unhindered cyclofenil system, the more hindered anilino dimesitylboranes, analogs of triarylethylene estrogens, were easily prepared, hydrolytically stable, and demonstrated substantial affinity for ERs. X-ray analysis of one ER alpha-ligand complex revealed steric clashes with the para methyl groups distorting the receptor; removal of these groups resulted in an increase in affinity, potency, and transcriptional efficacy. These studies define the structural determinants of stability and cellular bioactivity of a B-N for C=C substitution in nonsteroidal estrogens and provide a framework for further exploration of "elemental isomerism" for diversification of drug-like molecules. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Katzenellenbogen, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jkatzene@uiuc.edu RI Zhou, Haibing/B-2915-2017; OI Zhou, Haibing/0000-0001-8498-063X; Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar/0000-0002-3273-0708 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA18119, CA89489]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK15556] NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.04.009 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 184WE UT WOS:000247672500008 PM 17584613 ER PT J AU Ding, HB Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Lee, IY Che, XL Wang, JG Xu, Q AF Ding Huai-Bo Zhu Sheng-Jiang Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Hwang, J. K. Luo, Y. X. Rasmussen, J. O. Lee, I. Y. Che Xing-Lai Wang Jian-Guo Xu Qiang TI Collective band structures in neutron-rich Mo-108 nucleus SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPES; FISSION AB High spin states in the neutron-rich Mo-108 nucleus are studied by measuring prompt gamma-rays following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with a Gammasphere detector array. The ground-state band is confirmed, and the one-phonon gamma-vibrational band is updated with spin up to 12 h. A new collective band with the band head level at 1422.4 keV is suggested as a two-phonon gamma-vibrational band. Another new band is proposed as a two-quasi-proton excitation band. Systematic characteristics of the collective bands are discussed. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhu, SJ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1520 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175WT UT WOS:000247045400024 ER PT J AU Mikofski, MA Williams, TC Shaddix, CR Fernandez-Pello, AC Blevins, LG AF Mikofski, Mark A. Williams, Timothy C. Shaddix, Christopher R. Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos Blevins, Linda G. TI Structure of laminar sooting inverse diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE inverse diffusion flame; laminar; OH; PAH; laser-induced fluorescence; soot; laser-induced incandescence ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ETHYLENE; FLUORESCENCE; INCEPTION; OXIDATION; METHANE; INCANDESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; GENERATION AB The flame structure of laminar inverse diffusion flames (IDFs) was studied to gain insight into soot formation and growth in underventilated combustion. Both ethylene-air and methane-air IDFs were examined, fuel flow rates were kept constant for all flames of each fuel type, and airflow rates were varied to observe the effect on flame structure and soot formation. Planar laser-inthiced fluorescence of hydroxyl radicals (OH PLIF) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH PLIF), planar laser-induced incandescence of soot (soot PLII), and thermocoupledetermined gas temperatures were used to draw conclusions about flame structure and soot formation. Flickering, caused by buoyancy-induced vortices, was evident above and outside the flames. The distances between the OH, PAH, and soot zones were similar in IDFs and normal diffusion flames (NDFs), but the locations of those zones were inverted in IDFs relative to NDFs. Peak OH PLIF coincided with peak temperature and marked the flame front. Soot appeared outside the flame front, corresponding to temperatures around the minimum soot formation temperature of 1300 K. PAHs appeared outside the soot layer, with characteristic temperature depending on the wavelength detection band. PAHs and soot began to appear at a constant axial position for each fuel, independent of the rate of air flow. FAH formation either preceded or coincided with soot formation, indicating that PAHs are important components in soot formation. Soot growth continued for some time downstream of the flame, at temperatures below the inception temperature, probably through reaction with PAHs. (C) 2007 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Micrograv Combust Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blevins, LG (reprint author), US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM linda.blevins@science.doe.gov NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2007 VL 149 IS 4 BP 463 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.01.006 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 173MP UT WOS:000246877500011 ER PT J AU Khamayseh, A Hansen, G AF Khamayseh, A. Hansen, G. TI Use of the spatial kD-tree in computational physics applications SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geometric query; bounding volume hierarchy; skD-tree; containment query; mesh generation; h-refinement; remapping ID MESHES AB The need to perform spatial queries and searches is commonly encountered within the field of computational physics. The development of applications ranging from scientific visualization to finite element analysis requires efficient methods of locating domain objects relative to general locations in space. Much of the time, it is possible to form and maintain spatial relationships between objects either explicitly or by using relative motion constraints as the application evolves in time. Occasionally, either due to unpredictable relative motion or the lack of state information, an application must perform a general search (or ordering) of geometric objects without any explicit spatial relationship information as a basis. If previous state information involving domain geometric objects is not available, it is typically an involved and time consuming process to create object adjacency information or to order the objects in space. Further, as the number of objects and the spatial dimension of the problem domain is increased, the time required to search increases greatly. This paper proposes an implementation of a spatial k-d tree (skD-tree) for use by various applications when a general domain search is required. The skD-tree proposed in this paper is a spatial access method where successive tree levels are split along different dimensions. Objects are indexed by their centroid, and the minimum bounding box of objects in a node are stored in the tree node. The paper focuses on a discussion of efficient and practical algorithms for multidimensional spatial data structures for fast spatial query processing. These functions include the construction of a skD-tree of geometric objects, intersection query, containment query, and nearest neighbor query operations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Khamayseh, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM khamaysehak@ornl.gov; Glen.Hansen@inl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 BP 545 EP 576 PG 32 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 166KY UT WOS:000246378800008 ER PT J AU Namilae, S Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, GB AF Namilae, S. Radhakrishnan, B. Sarma, G. B. TI Atomistic simulations of interfacial sliding in amorphous carbon nanocomposites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amorphous carbon; nanocomposites; molecular dynamics; interafces; sliding ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; THIN-FILMS; FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT; INTRINSIC STRESS; COATINGS; SCALE; COMPOSITES; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; DEPOSITION AB Nanocomposites with amorphous carbon matrix reinforced by hard crystalline nanoparticles are fast developing as next generation super-tough and wear resistant coatings. The frictional wear and toughness properties of these composites are determined by the properties of the interface between crystalline- and amorphous-phases. In this paper we use molecular dynamics and statics simulations to study the interfacial energetics, internal stresses, sliding and friction behavior of diamond- and amorphous-carbon interfaces. It is found that the orientation of crystalline phase has minor effect on sliding behavior. Sliding behavior is affected by two mechanisms (1) bond breaking and reattaching at the interface and (2) deformation of amorphous carbon in the region surrounding the interface. It is found that the deformation away from the interface reduces the resistance to sliding. In structures with higher SP3 content, bond breaking at the interface dominates and there is much lesser deformation in the amorphous phase. The frictional resistance is significantly less if the interfacial bonding is primarily due to the Van Der Waal's interactions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Namilae, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM namilaes@ornl.gov; radhakrishnb@ornl.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7-8 BP 1302 EP 1310 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.10.002 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 164SA UT WOS:000246253200004 ER PT J AU Singhal, M Domico, K AF Singhal, Mudita Domico, Kelly TI CABIN: Collective Analysis of Biological Interaction Networks SO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE protein-protein interactions; evidence networks; visual analytics; exploratory analysis ID DATABASE AB The importance of understanding biological interaction networks has fueled the development of numerous interaction data generation techniques, databases and prediction tools. However, not all prediction tools and databases predict interactions with one hundred percent accuracy. Generation of high-confidence interaction networks formulates the first step towards deciphering unknown protein functions, determining protein complexes and inventing drugs. The CABIN: Collective Analysis of Biological Interaction Networks software is an exploratory data analysis tool that enables analysis and integration of interactions evidence obtained from multiple sources, thereby increasing the confidence of computational predictions as well as validating experimental observations. CABIN has been written in Java (TM) and is available as a plugin for Cytoscape-an open source network visualization tool. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Singhal, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mudita.singhal@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-9271 J9 COMPUT BIOL CHEM JI Comput. Biol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2007.03.006 PG 4 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA 179LB UT WOS:000247289900009 PM 17500038 ER PT J AU Zhou, XW Wadley, HNG Wang, DX AF Zhou, X. W. Wadley, H. N. G. Wang, D. X. TI Transient hole formation during the growth of thin metal oxide layers SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; charge transfer potential; embedded atom method; magnetic tunnel junction; aluminum oxide; multilayer ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MAGNETIC TUNNELING JUNCTIONS; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; SURFACES; BARRIERS; DEVICES AB Using a quinternary variable charge molecular dynamics simulation technique, we have discovered a transient hole formation phenomenon during oxidation of thin aluminum layers on Ni65Co20Fe15 substrates. Holes were found to first develop and expand at the earliest stage of the oxidation. These holes then shrank and finally disappeared as oxidation further proceeded. Thermodynamic analysis of the hole healing indicated that it is accompanied by a significant decrease in system potential energy. This suggests that the effect is largely driven by thermodynamics and is less related to the flux shadowing or kinetically introduced island coalescence. The simulations provide insights for the growth of dielectric tunnel barrier layers with reduced layer thicknesses. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Nonvolatile Elect Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Zhou, XW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Mech, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM xiaowang.zhou@gmail.com NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 794 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.10.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 182PO UT WOS:000247516700009 ER PT J AU Cirak, F Deiterding, R Mauch, SP AF Cirak, Fehmi Deiterding, Ralf Mauch, Sean P. TI Large-scale fluid-structure interaction simulation of viscoplastic and fracturing thin-shells subjected to shocks and detonations SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 13-15, 2007 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT DE fluid-structure interaction; thin-shells; detonations; water hammer; large deformations; fracture; dynamic mesh adaptation; parallelization ID ELEMENTS; COMPUTERS; ALGORITHM; FLOWS; MODEL AB The fluid-structure interaction simulation of shock- and detonation-loaded thin-walled structures requires numerical methods that can cope with large deformations as well as local topology changes. We present a robust level-set-based approach that integrates a Lagrangian thin-shell finite element solver with fracture and fragmentation capabilities and an Eulerian Cartesian fluid solver with optional dynamic mesh adaptation. As computational applications, we consider the plastic deformation of a copper plate impacted by a strong piston-induced pressure wave inside a water pipe; and the induction of large plastic deformations and rupture of thin aluminum tubes due to the passage of ethylene-oxygen detonations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. CALTECH, ASC Ctr Dynam Response Mat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Deiterding, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS 6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fc286@eng.cam.ac.uk; deiterdingr@ornl.gov; sean@cacr.caltech.edu RI Deiterding, Ralf/A-3394-2009 OI Deiterding, Ralf/0000-0003-4776-8183 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 11-14 SI SI BP 1049 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.11.014 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 181GE UT WOS:000247424400036 ER PT J AU Peng, Q Gartner, E Busby, JT Motta, AT Was, GS AF Peng, Q. Gartner, E. Busby, J. T. Motta, A. T. Was, G. S. TI Corrosion Behavior of model zirconium alloys in deaerated supercritical water at 500 degrees C SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE corrosion resistance; oxides; supercritical water; texture; zirconium alloys ID MICROSCOPY AB Several zirconium alloys with differing weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Cu, and Mo were exposed to flowing, pure supercritical water at 500 degrees C for up to 150 days in an effort to determine their corrosion behavior for consideration in the supercritical water reactor. The weight gains of the alloys were measured, and oxides were characterized after various times. The test results showed a wide range of corrosion behavior depending on the alloy composition and process temperature. The alloys most resistant to corrosion were those containing Cr and Fe, three of which showed protective stable oxides, low corrosion rates, and no breakaway behavior. The ZrCr, ZrCu, ZrMo, and ZrCuMo alloys all exhibited high corrosion rates and non-protective oxides. Analysis of the oxide layer showed that the oxide consisted mostly of monoclinic zirconia (ZrO(2)). The structure of the oxide-metal interface in the five protective alloys exhibited characteristics that were also seen in protective oxides formed at low temperature, especially the presence of a suboxide layer and an intense (002)T peak at the interface, indicating the presence of a highly oriented tetragonal phase associated with the protective oxide. The change in corrosion kinetics from cubic to linear was directly linked to the size and density of cracks in the oxides. C1 [Peng, Q.; Gartner, E.; Was, G. S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busby, J. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Motta, A. T.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Was, GS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd,1921 Cooley Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gsw@umich.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 IS 6 BP 577 EP 590 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 265EY UT WOS:000253343100008 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Baer, DR Jones, RH Engelhard, MH AF Windisch, C. F., Jr. Baer, D. R. Jones, R. H. Engelhard, M. H. TI Electrochemical effects of S accumulation on ion-implanted alloy 22 in I m NaCl solutions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alloy; XPS; ion implantation; polarization; passivity ID SULFUR; NICKEL; PASSIVATION; DISSOLUTION; CORROSION; IRON AB Electrochemical and surface analysis studies on the passivation of Alloy 22, implanted with S at concentrations up to 2 at.%, in deaerated I M NaCl solutions indicated that, although there was very little influence from the S in the near-surface region on the corrosion current in the short term, the presence of S caused a small reproducible effect on the corrosion potential that was related to the amount of S present. However, there was strong evidence that S enriched on the surface of Alloy 22 during corrosion under normally passive conditions in deaerated NaCl solutions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. GT Engn, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM cf.windisch@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2497 EP 2511 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.12.003 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 182SX UT WOS:000247525400007 ER PT J AU Reichert, WM Holbrey, JD Swatloski, RP Gutowski, KE Visser, AE Nieuwenhuyzen, M Seddon, KR Rogers, RD AF Reichert, W. Matthew Holbrey, John D. Swatloski, Richard P. Gutowski, Keith E. Visser, Ann E. Nieuwenhuyzen, Mark Seddon, Kenneth R. Rogers, Robin D. TI Solid-state analysis of low-melting 1,3-dialkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate salts (ionic liquids) by combined x-ray crystallographic and computational analyses SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; IMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INITIO CALCULATIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BOND; CHLORIDE AB The interactions of ions in the solid state for a series of representative 1,3-dialkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate salts (either ionic liquids or closely related) have been examined by crystallographic analysis, combined with the theoretical estimation of crystal-packing densities and lattice-interaction energies. Efficient close-packing of the ions in the crystalline states is observed, but there was no compelling evidence for specific directional hydrogen-bonding to the hexafluorophosphate anions or the formation of interstitial voids. The close-packing efficiency is supported by the theoretical calculation of ion volumes, crystal lattice energies, and packing densities, which correlated well with experimental data. The crystal density of the salts can be predicted accurately from the summation of free ion volumes and lattice energies calculated. Of even more importance for future work, on these and related salts, the solid-state density of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate salts can be predicted with reasonable accuracy purely on the basis of on ab initio free ion volumes, and this allows prediction of lattice energies without necessarily requiring the crystal structures. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, QUILL, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Seddon, KR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM quill@qub.ac.uk; rdrogers@bama.ua.edu RI Swatloski, Richard/B-4269-2009; Swatloski, Richard/B-6389-2012; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; OI Swatloski, Richard/0000-0002-1716-4138; Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Holbrey, John/0000-0002-3084-8438 NR 52 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1106 EP 1114 DI 10.1021/cg060746u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 175SG UT WOS:000247033700017 ER PT J AU Hugenholtz, P Ron, EZ AF Hugenholtz, Philip Ron, Eliora Z. TI Increasing focus on environmental biotechnology in the face of pressing environmental challenges SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Biotechnol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov; eliora@post.tau.ac.il RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.05.004 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200008 ER PT J AU Bayer, EA Lamed, R Himmel, ME AF Bayer, Edward A. Lamed, Raphael Himmel, Michael E. TI The potential of cellulases and cellulosomes for cellulosic waste management SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM ATCC-824; ENGINEERED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; YEAST-STRAIN; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; HETEROLOGOUS PRODUCTION; DESIGNER CELLULOSOMES; SCAFFOLDING PROTEIN; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER AB Lignocellulose is the most abundant plant cell wall component of the biosphere and the most voluminous waste produced by our society. Fortunately, it is not toxic or directly harmful, but our major waste disposal facilities - the landfills - are rapidly filling up with few realistic alternatives. Because cellulose is pure glucose, its conversion to fine products or fuels has remained a romantic and popular notion; however, the heterogeneous and recalcitrant nature of cellulosic waste presents a major obstacle for conventional conversion processes. One paradigm for the conversion of biomass to products in nature relies on a multienzyme complex, the cellulosome. Microbes that produce cellulosomes convert lignocelluose to microbial cell mass and products (e.g. ethanol) simultaneously. The combination of designer cellulosomes with novel production concepts could in the future provide the breakthroughs necessary for economical conversion of cellulosic biomass to biofuels. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Biotechnol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bayer, EA (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ed.bayer@weizmann.ac.il NR 58 TC 143 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 61 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.004 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200009 PM 17462879 ER PT J AU Markowitz, VM AF Markowitz, Victor M. TI Microbial genome data resources SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEQUENCE DATABASE; PROTEIN FAMILIES; BIOLOGICAL DATA; SYSTEM; ANNOTATION; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES; INFORMATION; INTEGRATION; PROVENANCE AB Studies of the genomes of individual microbial organisms as well as aggregate genomes (metagenomes) of microbial communities are expected to lead to advances in various areas, such as healthcare, environmental cleanup, and alternative energy production. A variety of specialized data resources manage the results of different microbial genome data processing and interpretation stages, and represent different degrees of microbial genome characterization. Scientists studying microbial genomes and metagenomes often need one or several of these resources. Given their diversity, these resources cannot be used effectively without determining the scope and type of individual resources as well as the relationship between their data. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markowitz, VM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vmmarkowitz@lbl.gov NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.005 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200013 PM 17467973 ER PT J AU Fialho, AM Stevens, FJ Das Gupta, TK Chakrabarty, AM AF Fialho, Arsenio M. Stevens, Fred J. Das Gupta, Tapas K. Chakrabarty, Ananda M. TI Beyond host-pathogen interactions: microbial defense strategy in the host environment SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REDOX PROTEIN AZURIN; CANCER-CELLS; ARGININE DEIMINASE; APOPTOSIS; RESISTANCE; ANTIBACTERIAL; ANTIBIOTICS; GROWTH; CHLORAMPHENICOL; OXAZOLIDINONES AB Many extracellular pathogenic bacteria colonize human or animal bodies through evasion of the host immune system, a process called host-pathogen interaction. What happens when other intruders try to invade the same host and try to establish themselves in the same niche is largely unknown. In one well-studied case, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to secrete the protein azurin as a weapon against such invaders as cancers, parasites and viruses. The production of such weapons by pathogenic bacteria could provide important insights into how a pathogen responds in the post-colonization state to impede other intruders for its own survival. Moreover, these molecules might find use in the pharmaceutical industry as next-generation therapeutics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Inst Biotechnol & Bioengn, Ctr Biol & Chem Engn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Surg Oncol, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Chakrabarty, AM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM pseudomo@uic.edu RI Fialho, Arsenio/A-6246-2008 OI Fialho, Arsenio/0000-0002-8066-5787 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.001 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200015 PM 17451932 ER PT J AU McMahon, KD Martin, HG Hugenholtz, P AF McMahon, Katherine D. Martin, Hector Garcia Hugenholtz, Philip TI Integrating ecology into biotechnology SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT; START-UP; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; NEUTRALITY AB New high-throughput culture-independent molecular tools are allowing the scientific community to characterize and understand the microbial communities underpinning environmental biotechnology processes in unprecedented ways. By creatively leveraging these new data sources, microbial ecology has the potential to transition from a descriptive to a predictive framework, in which ecological principles are integrated and exploited to engineer systems that are biologically optimized for the desired goal. But to achieve this goal, ecology, engineering and microbiology curricula need to be changed from the very root to better promote interdisciplinarity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP McMahon, KD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tmcmahon@engr.wisc.edu RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; McMahon, Katherine/I-3651-2012; OI Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925; McMahon, Katherine D./0000-0002-7038-026X NR 77 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 34 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185OL UT WOS:000247720200016 PM 17509863 ER PT J AU Fischer, N Tarasow, TM Tok, JBH AF Fischer, Nicholas Tarasow, Theodore M. Tok, Jeffrey B-H TI Aptasensors for biosecurity applications SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; LIVE AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI; APTAMER-BASED SENSORS; RNA APTAMERS; LABEL-FREE; SIGNALING APTAMERS; DNA APTAMERS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION AB Nucleic acid (aptasensors) have found steadily increased utility and application over the past decade. In particular, aptamers have been touted as a valuable complement to and, in some cases, replacement for antibodies owing to their structural and functional robustness as well as their ease in generation and synthesis. They are thus attractive for biosecurity applications (e.g. pathogen detection) and are especially well suited because their in vitro generation process does not require infection of any host systems. Herein we provide a brief overview of the aptamers generated against pathogens and toxins over the past few years. In addition, a few recently described detection platforms using aptamers and potentially suitable applications for biosecurity will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & NanoSci Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tok, JBH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & NanoSci Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tok2@llnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI065359] NR 65 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.017 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 191PN UT WOS:000248143600011 PM 17548236 ER PT J AU Berk, V Cate, JHD AF Berk, Veysel Cate, Jamie H. D. TI Insights into protein biosynthesis from structures of bacterial ribosomes SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION COMPLEX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOMES; PEPTIDE-BOND FORMATION; ELONGATION-FACTOR-G; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; TRANSFER-RNA; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MESSENGER-RNA; E-SITE; GTPASE ACTIVATION AB Understanding the structural basis of protein biosynthesis on the ribosome remains a challenging problem for cryo-electron microscopy,and X-ray crystallography. Recent high-resolution structures of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome without ligands, and of the Thermus thermophilus and E coli 70S ribosomes with bound mRNA and tRNAs, reveal many new features of ribosome dynamics and ribosome-ligand interactions. In addition, the first high-resolution structures of the L7/L1 2 stalk of the ribosome, responsible for translation factor binding and GTPase activation, reveal the structural basis of the high degree of flexibility in this region of the ribosome. These structures provide groundbreaking insights into the mechanism of protein synthesis at the level of ribosome architecture, ligand binding and ribosome dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcatel@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65050] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.05.009 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 197WY UT WOS:000248588600006 PM 17574829 ER PT J AU Grabowski, M Joachimiak, A Otwinowski, Z Minor, W AF Grabowski, Marek Joachimiak, Andrzej Otwinowski, Zbyszek Minor, Wladek TI Structural genomics: keeping up with expanding knowledge of the protein universe SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGY; SPACE; EVOLUTION; INSIGHTS; DATABASE; TOOLS; MODEL AB Structural characterization of the protein universe is the main mission of Structural Genomics (SG) programs. However, progress in gene sequencing technology, set in motion in the 1990s, has resulted in rapid expansion of protein sequence space - a twelvefold increase in the past seven years. For the SG field, this creates new challenges and necessitates a reassessment of its strategies. Nevertheless, despite the growth of sequence space, at present nearly half of the content of the Swiss-Prot database and over 40% of Pfam protein families can be structurally modeled based on structures determined so far, with SG projects making an increasingly significant contribution. The SG contribution of new Pfam structures nearly doubled from 27.2% in 2003 to 51.6% in 2006. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Minor, W (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM wladek@iwonka.med.virginia.edu RI Otwinowski, Zbyszek/F-3665-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074942, U54 GM074942, U54 GM074942-04S2] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.06.003 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 197WY UT WOS:000248588600013 PM 17587562 ER PT J AU Fata, JE Mori, H Ewald, AJ Zhang, H Yao, E Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Fata, Jimmie E. Mori, Hidetoshi Ewald, Andrew J. Zhang, Hui Yao, Evelyn Werb, Zena Bissell, Mina J. TI The MAPK(ERK-1,2) pathway integrates distinct and antagonistic signals from TGF alpha and FGF7 in morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelium SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAPK(ERK1,2); kinetics; mammary; branching; morphogenesis; TGF alpha; FGF7 ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; MAP KINASE; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; TRANSGENIC MICE; PROGENITOR CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STEM-CELL AB Transforming growth factor-a (TGF alpha) and fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7) exhibit distinct expression patterns in the mammary gland. Both factors signal through mitogen-activated kinase/extracellular regulated kinase-1,2 (MAPK(ERK1,2)); however, their unique and/or combined contributions to mammary morphogenesis have not been examined. In ex vivo mammary explants, we show that a sustained activation of MAPK(ERK1,2) for 1 h, induced by TGF alpha, was necessary and sufficient to initiate branching morphogenesis, whereas a transient activation (15 min) of MAPK(ERK1,2), induced by FGF7, led to growth without branching. Unlike TGF alpha, FGF7 promoted sustained proliferation as well as ectopic localization of, and increase in, keratin-6 expressing cells. The response of the explants to FGF10 was similar to that to FGF7. Simultaneous stimulation by FGF7 and TGF alpha indicated that the FGF7-induced MAPK(ERK1,2) signaling and associated phenotypes were dominant: FGF7 may prevent branching by suppression of two necessary TGF alpha-induced morphogenetic effectors, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3/stromelysin-1), and fibronectin. Our findings indicate that expression of morphogenetic effectors, proliferation, and cell-type decisions during mammary organoid morphogenesis are intimately dependent on the duration of activation of MAPK(ERK1,2) activation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fata, JE (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM jefata@lbl.gov; mjbissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-11, R01 CA057621-12, R01 CA057621-13, R01 CA057621-14, R01 CA057621-15]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-007731, T32 HL007731]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012801, U01 ES012801, U01 ES012801-04S3] NR 55 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.013 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 176YJ UT WOS:000247120500016 PM 17448457 ER PT J AU Garnett, AT Han, TM Eisen, MB Amacber, SL AF Garnett, Aaron T. Han, Tina M. Eisen, Michael B. Amacber, Sharon L. TI T-box transcription factors in zebrafish mesoderm development SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th SDB Annual Meeting/8th SMBD Annual Meeting/3rd LASDB International Meeting CY JUN 16-20, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP SDB, SMBD, LASDB C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1 MA 149 BP 348 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.209 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 176YJ UT WOS:000247120500168 ER PT J AU Di Gregorio, A Kugler, JE Oda-Ishii, I Keys, DN Imai, J Dewan, A Richardson, PM AF Di Gregorio, Alma Kugler, Jamie E. Oda-Ishii, Izumi Keys, David N. Imai, Janice DeWan, Andrew Richardson, Paul M. TI Gene regulation in the ancestral notochord: Insights from a collection of cis-regulatory elements from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th SDB Annual Meeting/8th SMBD Annual Meeting/3rd LASDB International Meeting CY JUN 16-20, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP SDB, SMBD, LASDB C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, New York, NY USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Stat Genet, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Di Gregorio, Anna/C-4766-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1 MA 155 BP 350 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.215 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 176YJ UT WOS:000247120500174 ER PT J AU Freeby, M Simpson, N Saxena, C Dashnaw, S Hirsch, J Prince, M Parsey, R Mann, JJ Ichise, M Leibel, R Van Heertum, R Goland, R Harris, PE AF Freeby, Matthew Simpson, Norman Saxena, Chitra Dashnaw, Stephen Hirsch, Joy Prince, Martin Parsey, Ramin Mann, John J. Ichise, Masanori Leibel, Rudolph Van Heertum, Ronald Goland, Robin Harris, Paul E. TI Non-invasive pancreatic beta cell imaging using 11C dihydrotetrabenazine & positron emission tomography SO DIABETES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 22-26, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Diaabet Assoc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Parsey, Ramin/J-8254-2014 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 SU 1 BP A84 EP A84 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 174GM UT WOS:000246930200318 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Yoo, TS Lafortune, S AF Wang, Yin Yoo, Tae-Sic Lafortune, Stephane TI Diagnosis of discrete event systems using decentralized architectures SO DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Reactive Systems CY OCT, 2005 CL Autrans, FRANCE DE discrete event systems; diagnosis; decentralized systems ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; FAILURE DIAGNOSIS; TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS; DIAGNOSABILITY AB Decentralized diagnosis of discrete event systems has received a lot of attention to deal with distributed systems or with systems that may be too large to be diagnosed by one centralized site. This paper casts the problem of decentralized diagnosis in a new hierarchical framework. A key feature is the exploitation of different local decisions together with appropriate rules for their fusion. This includes local diagnosis decisions that can be interpreted as "conditional decisions." Under this new framework, a series of new decentralized architectures are defined and studied. The properties of their corresponding notions of decentralized diagnosability are characterized and their relationship with existing work described. Corresponding verification algorithms are also presented and on-line diagnosis strategies discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yinw@eecs.umich.edu; Tae-Sic.Yoo@inl.gov; stephane@eecs.umich.edu NR 27 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6703 EI 1573-7594 J9 DISCRETE EVENT DYN S JI Discret. Event Dyn. Syst.-Theory Appl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 233 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10626-006-0006-8 PG 31 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 162CS UT WOS:000246065000006 ER PT J AU Kato, TA Wilson, PF Nagasawa, H Fitzek, MM Weil, MM Little, JB Bedford, JS AF Kato, Takamitsu A. Wilson, Paul F. Nagasawa, Hatsumi Fitzek, Markus M. Weil, Michael M. Little, John B. Bedford, Joel S. TI A defect in DNA double strand break processing in cells from unaffected parents of retinoblastoma patients and other apparently normal humans SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE retinoblastoma; DNA DSB; gamma radiation; gamma-H2AX ID POTENTIALLY LETHAL DAMAGE; RADIATION-SENSITIVE MUTANT; NORMAL HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; RATE IRRADIATION REVEAL; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHROMOSOMAL RADIOSENSITIVITY; CHO CELLS; CELLULAR RADIOSENSITIVITY; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AB Cells from unaffected parents of retinoblastoma (RB) patients were previously shown to be hypersensitive to radiation induced G1 arrest and cell killing [1]. The hypersensitivity was similar to that reported for cells from ATM heterozygotes. The latter was consistent with a mild DNA DSB rejoining defect which we demonstrated using a gamma-H2AX focus assay after low dose-rate (LDR) irradiation of non-cycling G(0) cells [2,3]. Since neither parent carried the mutant RB allele of the RB heterozygous probands, these results suggested the possibility of an enhanced germline mutation rate, perhaps resulting from some mild defect in genome maintenance. We therefore examined levels of gamma-H2AX foci for cells from these RB parents in this G(0) LDR assay, which reflects the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) capacity of cells and in a G(2)/M assay, which reflects additional contributions from other G(2)-related damage processing systems. For several of the cell strains parallel radiosensitivity comparisons were made for cell killing and for G(2) chromosomal radiosensitivities. Go cells from the RB parents were clearly hypersensitive both in the LDR gamma-H2AX assay, and for cell killing. In addition, cultured fibroblasts from 6 of 15 apparently normal individuals in this study (and one of six in a previous study) were also hypersensitive in the same assays. In the G(2)/M gamma-H2AX assay, the relative sensitivities were similar to those seen in the low dose-rate G(0) assay and tracked with chromosomal radiosensitivity, but some differences were observed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, DNA Repair Grp, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bedford, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jbedford@colostate.edu RI Kato, Takamitsu/D-7969-2015 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 6 IS 6 BP 818 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.01.008 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 180JI UT WOS:000247358700015 PM 17339135 ER PT J AU Horner-Devine, MC Silver, JM Leibold, MA Bohannan, BJM Colwell, RK Fuhrman, JA Green, JL Kuske, CR Martiny, JBH Muyzer, G Ovreas, L Reysenbach, AL Smith, VH AF Horner-Devine, M. Claire Silver, Jessica M. Leibold, Mathew A. Bohannan, Brendan J. M. Colwell, Robert K. Fuhrman, Jed A. Green, Jessica L. Kuske, Cheryl R. Martiny, Jennifer B. H. Muyzer, Gerard Ovreas, Lise Reysenbach, Anna-Louise Smith, Val H. TI A comparison of taxon co-occurrence patterns for macro- and microorganisms SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assembly rules; community composition; co-occurrence; microbial diversity; microbial ecology ID PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SPECIES COOCCURRENCE; NULL MODEL; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; OXIDATION; METHANE; ISLANDS AB We examine co-occurrence patterns of microorganisms to evaluate community assembly "rules.'' We use methods previously applied to macroorganisms, both to evaluate their applicability to microorganisms and to allow comparison of co-occurrence patterns observed in microorganisms to those found in macroorganisms. We use a null model analysis of 124 incidence matrices from microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and algae, and we compare these results to previously published findings from a meta-analysis of almost 100 macroorganism data sets. We show that assemblages of microorganisms demonstrate nonrandom patterns of co-occurrence that are broadly similar to those found in assemblages of macroorganisms. These results suggest that some taxon co-occurrence patterns may be general characteristics of communities of organisms from all domains of life. We also find that co-occurrence in microbial communities does not vary among taxonomic groups or habitat types. However, we find that the degree of co-occurrence does vary among studies that use different methods to survey microbial communities. Finally, we discuss the potential effects of the undersampling of microbial communities on our results, as well as processes that may contribute to nonrandom patterns of co-occurrence in both macrobial and microbial communities such as competition, habitat filtering, historical effects, and neutral processes. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Biotechnol, NL-2628 BC Delft, Netherlands. Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Horner-Devine, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mchd@u.washington.edu RI Green, Jessica/C-4828-2009; Muyzer, Gerard/A-3161-2013; Fuhrman, Jed/C-6461-2013; Colwell, Robert/C-7276-2015; Ovreas, Lise/H-8651-2016; OI Martiny, Jennifer/0000-0002-2415-1247; Muyzer, Gerard/0000-0002-2422-0732 NR 32 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 11 U2 96 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1353 DI 10.1890/06-0286 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178ED UT WOS:000247203100002 PM 17601127 ER PT J AU Roberts, BJ Mulholland, PJ Hill, WR AF Roberts, Brian J. Mulholland, Patrick J. Hill, Walter R. TI Multiple scales of temporal variability in ecosystem metabolism rates: Results from 2 years of continuous monitoring in a forested headwater stream SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE primary production; ecosystem respiration; seasonal patterns; inter-annual variability; storms; disturbance; light; periphyton; bryophytes; macroalgae; Oedogonium; leaf litter; reaeration ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; WOODLAND STREAM; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LEAF DECOMPOSITION; PRIMARY PRODUCERS; LIGHT LIMITATION; RIVER CONTINUUM; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Headwater streams are key sites of nutrient and organic matter processing and retention, but little is known about temporal variability in gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) rates as a result of the short duration of most metabolism measurements in lotic ecosystems. We examined temporal variability and controls on ecosystem metabolism by measuring daily rates continuously for 2 years in Walker Branch, a first-order deciduous forest stream. Four important scales of temporal variability in ecosystem metabolism rates were identified: (1) seasonal, (2) day-to-day, (3) episodic (storm-related), and (4) inter-annual. Seasonal patterns were largely controlled by the leaf phenology and productivity of the deciduous riparian forest. Walker Branch was strongly net heterotrophic throughout the year with the exception of the open-canopy spring when GPP and ER rates were co-equal. Day-to-day variability in weather conditions influenced light reaching the streambed, resulting in high day-to-day variability in GPP particularly during spring (daily light levels explained 84% of the variance in daily GPP in April). Episodic storms depressed GPP for several days in spring, but increased GPP in autumn by removing leaves shading the streambed. Storms depressed ER initially, but then stimulated ER to 2-3 times pre-storm levels for several days. Walker Branch was strongly net heterotrophic in both years of the study, with annual GPP being similar (488 and 519 g O-2 m(-2) y(-1) or 183 and 195 g C m(-2) y(-1)) but annual ER being higher in 2004 than 2005 (-1,645 vs. -1,292 g O-2 m(-2) y(-1) or -617 and -485 g C m(-2) y(-1) supercript stop). Inter-annual variability in ecosystem metabolism (assessed by comparing 2004 and 2005 rates with previous measurements) was the result of the storm frequency and timing and the size of the spring macroalgal bloom. Changes in local climate can have substantial impacts on stream ecosystem metabolism rates and ultimately influence the carbon source and sink properties of these important ecosystems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Roberts, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM robertsbj@ornl.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 70 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 100 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 588 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9059-2 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212UN UT WOS:000249622400007 ER PT J AU Yeom, DH Adams, SM AF Yeom, Dong-Hyuk Adams, S. Marshall TI Assessing effects of stress across levels of biological organization using an aquatic ecosystem health index SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE bioindicators; aquatic ecosystem health; environmental stressors; health index; bioassessment tool ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS; WHITE SUCKER; FISH; BIOMARKERS; COMMUNITIES; DOWNSTREAM; INTEGRITY; RESPONSES; MILL AB Multimetric approaches typically consider only one level of biological organization to assess the effects of environmental stressors on the health of aquatic ecosystems. The present study applied integrative star-plot analysis to evaluate effects of stressors over several levels of biological organization ranging from the sub-organism to the community level at study sites subjected to different levels of contaminant stress. An aquatic ecosystem health index (AEHI), based on the sum of all the star-plot areas over these levels of biological organization, was developed to reflect an integrative and holistic assessment of stressors on ecosystem health. Star-plot areas ranged from 1.96 at a reference site to 0.79-1.08 at sites located at increasing distances downstream from a pulp mill discharge. The values of the AEHI were positively correlated with the index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores (Pearson's r = 0.824). The AEHI can be used to evaluate the overall health status of aquatic systems, to identify those levels of biological organization that have the greatest response to environmental stressors, and to help identify possible causes of observed effects. Results from this study suggest that the AEHI approach can avoid false-negative responses that can occur from assessing effects at only one level of biological organization. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Toxicol, Environm Res Team, Taejon 305343, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), Korea Inst Toxicol, Environm Res Team, Taejon 305343, South Korea. EM adamsm@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.07.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 179ZI UT WOS:000247328900014 PM 17046059 ER PT J AU Harper, JC Polsky, R Dirk, SM Wheeler, DR Brozik, SM AF Harper, Jason C. Polsky, Ronen Dirk, Shawn M. Wheeler, David R. Brozik, Susan M. TI Electroaddressable selective functionalization of electrode arrays: Catalytic NADH detection using aryl diazonium modified gold electrodes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE selective functionalization; diazonium modified electrodes; NADH detection; electrochemical sensor; pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE; COVALENT MODIFICATION; CARBON SURFACES; ENZYME ELECTRODES; ORGANIC LAYERS; GLASSY-CARBON; BIOFUEL CELL; SALTS AB We report the application of 4-nitrophenyl diazonium modified electrodes towards the electrochemical detection of NADH. Selective activation of individual electrodes on a 5 element array by electro-addressable conversion of nitro groups to amines and subsequent EDC/NHS crosslinking to the NADH oxidant, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), is demonstrated. Inactivated electrodes retained nitro functionality and were protected against non-specific adsorption and mild chemical reactions. Electrodeposition conditions were used to control nitrophenyl film thickness and showed that while increased film thickness leads to greater functionalization density of PQQ, it also results in decreased electron transfer kinetics. The electrodeposition protocol can therefore serve as a method to control electrode functionalization density and film electron transfer kinetics. We believe this simple technique for selective electrode functionalization may facilitate the development of next generation multianalyte electrochemical sensors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosensors & Nanomat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brozik, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosensors & Nanomat, POB 5800,MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smbrozi@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1268 EP 1274 DI 10.1002/elan.200703867 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 182FC UT WOS:000247489500003 ER PT J AU Friedmann, SJ AF Friedmann, S. Julio TI Geological carbon dioxide sequestration SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon management; carbon storage; carbon dioxide; greenhouse gas abatement ID ROCK INTERACTIONS; CO2; MEDIA; GAS AB A key means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels is to separate and concentrate CO2 from large point sources and inject it underground. The injection process, so-called "geological carbon sequestration", uses off-the-shelf technology from the hydrocarbon industry and can be deployed at a useful scale. Widespread deployment will require a greater understanding of processes that trap CO2 underground, improved means of monitoring the injection stream, and a small number of large-scale experiments in settings with the most important representative geology. If successful, geological sequestration could greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while we continue to benefit from fossil fuels until true alternatives emerge. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Carbon Management Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedmann, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Carbon Management Program, L-640,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedmann2@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 17 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.2113/gselements.3.3.179 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 184NR UT WOS:000247649200009 ER PT J AU Nettles, KW Bruning, JB Gil, G O'Neill, EE Nowak, J Guo, Y Kim, Y DeSombre, ER Dilis, R Hanson, RN Joachimiak, A Greene, GL AF Nettles, Kendall W. Bruning, John B. Gil, German O'Neill, Erin E. Nowak, Jason Guo, Yuee Kim, Younchang DeSombre, Eugene R. Dilis, Robert Hanson, Robert N. Joachimiak, Andrzej Greene, Geoffrey L. TI Structural plasticity in the oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Article DE oestrogen receptor; structure-activity relationships; nuclear receptors; X-ray crystallography ID SIDE-CHAIN; RECOGNITION; ALPHA; DETERMINANTS; ANTIESTROGEN; RECRUITMENT; ANTAGONISM; ACTIVATION; MODE AB The steroid hormone receptors are characterized by binding to relatively rigid, inflexible endogenous steroid ligands. Other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily bind to conformationally flexible lipids and show a corresponding degree of elasticity in the ligand- binding pocket. Here, we report the X- ray crystal structure of the oestrogen receptor alpha( ER alpha) bound to an oestradiol derivative with a prosthetic group, ortho- trifluoromethlyphenylvinyl, which binds in a novel extended pocket in the ligand- binding domain. Unlike ER antagonists with bulky side groups, this derivative is enclosed in the ligand- binding pocket, and acts as a potent agonist. This work shows that steroid hormone receptors can interact with a wider array of pharmacophores than previously thought through structural plasticity in the ligand- binding pocket. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. Univ Chicago, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA USA. RP Greene, GL (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, 5353 Parkside Dr, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM knettles@scripps.edu; ggreene@uchicago.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA014599-32, 1R01 CA81049, P30 CA014599, R01 CA089489, 5R01 CA89489, R01 CA081049]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR07707, P41 RR007707] NR 23 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400963 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 175QA UT WOS:000247026900013 PM 17468738 ER PT J AU Akbari, H Dickerhoff, D Pollak, J AF Akbari, Hashem Dickerhoff, Darryl Pollak, Josh TI The effect of a cool-coating on the thermal effectiveness of exposed exterior ducts SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE cool-coating; exterior rooftop ducts; measured performance AB Rooftop air conditioning units are predominantly used for air conditioning of small- and medium-sized commercial buildings. The majority of these rooftop units are all-air systems, using ducts to deliver conditioned air. One source of inefficiency in the delivery of the conditioned air through the rooftop ducts is thermal losses by conduction heat gains through exposed ducts. Most existing ducts are made from bare metal sheets. The daytime peak surface temperature of a rooftop bare metal sheet duct can be as much as 35-40 K warmer than that ambient air. Using sheet metals that are painted white (in a new installation) or coating the existing exposed ducts (in a retrofit application) lowers the duct surface temperature, reducing the heat conducted into the ducts and hence improving the delivery effectiveness of the duct system. To investigate the effect of increasing the solar reflectance of a duct to reduce conduction heat gains through the duct shell, we measured in three duct systems supply air temperatures at the inlet of the duct and close to the point of delivery into the conditioned space. In one system, coating the ducts with a white paint decreased the average conduction heat gain by about 0.64 MJ/day/m(2) of coated duct surface area, improving the delivery effectiveness by 2%. In the other two systems, the reduction in the conduction heat gain was about 0.34-0.46 MJ/day/m(2) and the delivery effectiveness improved by about 5-10%. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM H_Akbari@LBL.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 681 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.06.013 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 165OU UT WOS:000246315600007 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Kneafsey, TJ Rutqvist, J AF Oldenburg, C. M. Kneafsey, Timothy J. Rutqvist, Jonny TI Foreword to the Special Issue containing research results generated using the TOUGH codes SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1759 EP 1759 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.007 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400001 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. TI Foreword to the Special Issue containing research results generated using the TOUGH codes - Dedication SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1760 EP 1760 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.024 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400002 ER PT J AU Pruess, K Spycher, N AF Pruess, Karsten Spycher, Nicolas TI ECO2N - A fluid property module for the TOUGH2 code for studies of CO2 storage in saline aquifers SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE phase partitioning; thermophysical properties; brine density; CO2 injection well; salt precipitation; self-sharpening front ID DISPOSAL; BRINES; WATER; FLOW; BAR AB ECO2N is a fluid property module for the TOUGH2 simulator (Version 2.0) that was designed for applications involving geologic storage of CO2 in saline aquifers. It includes a comprehensive description of the thermodynamics and thermophysical properties of H2O-NaCl-CO2 mixtures, that reproduces fluid properties largely within experimental error for the temperature, pressure and salinity conditions of interest (10 degrees C <= T <= 110 degrees C; P <= 600 bar; salinity up to full halite saturation). Flow processes can be modeled isothermally or non-isothermally, and phase conditions represented may include a single (aqueous or CO2-rich) phase, as well as two-phase mixtures. Fluid phases may appear or disappear in the course of a simulation, and solid salt may precipitate or dissolve. ECO2N can model super-as well as sub-critical conditions, but it does not make a distinction between liquid and gaseous CO2 and hence is not applicable for processes that involve two CO2-rich phases. This paper highlights significant features of ECO2N, and presents illustrative applications. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_Pruess@lbl.gov RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 NR 20 TC 121 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1767 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.016 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400003 ER PT J AU Doughty, C AF Doughty, Christine TI Modeling geologic storage of carbon dioxide: Comparison of non-hysteretic and hysteretic characteristic curves SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE geologic carbon storage; two-phase flow; characteristic curves; hysteresis ID GOVERNING MULTIPHASE FLOW AB Numerical models of geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in brine-bearing formations use characteristic curves to represent the interactions of non-wetting-phase CO2 and wetting-phase brine. When a problem includes both injection of CO2 (a drainage process) and its subsequent post-injection evolution (a combination of drainage and wetting), hysteretic characteristic curves are required to correctly capture the behavior of the CO2 plume. In the hysteretic formulation, capillary pressure and relative permeability depend not only on the current grid-block saturation, but also on the history of the saturation in the grid block. For a problem that involves only drainage or only wetting, a non-hysteretic formulation, in which capillary pressure and relative permeability depend only on the current value of the grid-block saturation, is adequate. For the hysteretic formulation to be robust computationally, care must be taken to ensure the differentiability of the characteristic curves both within and beyond the turning-point saturations where transitions between branches of the curves occur. Two example problems involving geologic CO2 storage are simulated with TOUGH2, a multiphase, multicomponent code for flow and transport through geological media. Both non-hysteretic and hysteretic formulations are used, to illustrate the applicability and limitations of non-hysteretic methods. The first application considers leakage of CO2 from the storage formation to the ground surface, while the second examines the role of heterogeneity within the storage formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doughty, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cadoughty@lbl.gov RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 22 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1768 EP 1781 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.022 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400004 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Birkholzer, J Cappa, F Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J. Birkholzer, J. Cappa, F. Tsang, C-F. TI Estimating maximum sustainable injection pressure during geological sequestration of CO2 using coupled fluid flow and geomechanical fault-slip analysis SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE geological CO2; sequestration; geomechanics; fault slip; stress; caprock integrity; CO2 injection ID POROUS ROCK; REACTIVATION AB This paper demonstrates the use of coupled fluid flow and geomechanical fault slip (fault reactivation) analysis to estimate the maximum sustainable injection pressure during geological sequestration of CO2. Two numerical modeling approaches for analyzing fault-slip are applied, one using continuum stress-strain analysis and the other using discrete fault analysis. The results of these two approaches to numerical fault-slip analyses are compared to the results of a more conventional analytical fault-slip analysis that assumes simplified reservoir geometry. It is shown that the simplified analytical fault-slip analysis may lead to either overestimation or underestimation of the maximum sustainable injection pressure because it cannot resolve important geometrical factors associated with the injection-induced spatial evolution of fluid pressure and stress. We conclude that a fully coupled numerical analysis can more accurately account for the spatial evolution of both in situ stresses and fluid pressure, and therefore results in a more accurate estimation of the maximum sustainable CO2 injection pressure. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JRutqvist@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024 NR 21 TC 183 Z9 195 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1798 EP 1807 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.021 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400006 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. TI Joule-Thomson cooling due to CO2 injection into natural gas reservoirs SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE Joule-Thomson cooling; geologic carbon sequestration; depleted gas reservoirs; enhanced gas recovery ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEQUESTRATION; RECOVERY; STORAGE AB Depleted natural gas reservoirs are a promising target for Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). The focus of this study is on evaluating the importance of Joule-Thomson cooling during CO2 injection into depleted natural gas reservoirs. Joule-Thomson cooling is the adiabatic cooling or heating that accompanies the expansion of a real gas. During CO2 injection into a natural gas reservoir, the pressure near the injection well declines rapidly as gas expands into the reservoir. If Joule-Thomson cooling during this expansion were large, injectivity and formation permeability could be altered by formation of hydrates, freezing of residual water, and fracturing due to thermal stresses. The TOUGH2/EOS7C module for CO2-CH4-H2O mixtures is used as the simulation analysis tool. For verification of EOS7C, the classic Joule-Thomson expansion experiment is modeled for pure CO2 resulting in Joule-Thomson coefficients in agreement with standard references to within 5-7%. For demonstration purposes, a case with a large pressure drop (similar to 50 bars) is presented in order to show that temperature can drop by more than 20 degrees C by this effect. Lower permeability increases Joule-Thomson cooling while lower porosity decreases it for a system with constant-rate injection. Two additional constant-rate injection cases show that for typical systems in the Sacramento Valley, California, with much smaller pressure drops (<10 bars), the Joule-Thomson cooling effect is minimal. This simulation study shows that for constant-rate injections into high-permeability reservoirs, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect is not expected to create significant problems for CSEGR. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 13 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1808 EP 1815 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.010 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400007 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Oldenburg, CM Finsterle, S Bodvarsson, GS AF Zhang, Yingqi Oldenburg, Curtis M. Finsterle, Stefan Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S. TI System-level modeling for economic evaluation of geological CO2 storage in gas reservoirs SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE system-level modeling; carbon storage; process model; economic evaluation ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; VADOSE ZONE; DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; INJECTION; RECOVERY; SITES; MEDIA AB One way to reduce the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on climate is to inject carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources into deep geological formations such as brine aquifers or depleted oil or gas reservoirs. Research is being conducted to improve understanding of factors affecting particular aspects of geological CO2 storage (such as storage performance, storage capacity, and health, safety and environmental (HSE) issues) as well as to lower the cost of CO2 capture and related processes. However, there has been less emphasis to date on system-level analyses of geological CO2 storage that consider geological, economic, and environmental issues by linking detailed process models to representations of engineering components and associated economic models. The objective of this study is to develop a system-level model for geological CO2 storage, including CO2 capture and separation, compression, pipeline transportation to the storage site, and CO2 injection. Within our system model we are incorporating detailed reservoir simulations of CO2 injection into a gas reservoir and related enhanced production of methane. Potential leakage and associated environmental impacts are also considered. The platform for the system-level model is GoldSim [GoldSim, User's Guide. GoldSim Technology Group; 2006, http://www.goldsim.com]. The application of the system model focuses on evaluating the feasibility of carbon sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR) in the Rio Vista region of California. The reservoir simulations are performed using a special module of the TOUGH2 simulator, EOS7C, for multicomponent gas mixtures of methane and CO2. Using a system-level modeling approach, the economic benefits of enhanced gas recovery can be directly weighed against the costs and benefits of CO2 injection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yqzhang@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Zhang, Yingqi/D-1203-2015 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 EI 1879-2227 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1827 EP 1833 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.018 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400009 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ Sloan, ED AF Moridis, George J. Sloan, E. Dendy TI Gas production potential of disperse low-saturation hydrate accumulations in oceanic sediments SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE methane hydrates; hydrate-bearing sediments; disperse hydrates; low-saturation; oceanic systems; depressurization; gas production ID DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY AB In this paper, we evaluate the gas production potential of disperse, low-saturation (S-H < 0.1) hydrate accumulations in oceanic sediments. Such hydrate-bearing sediments constitute a significant portion of the global hydrate inventory. Using numerical simulation, we estimate (a) the rates of gas production and gas release from hydrate dissociation, (b) the corresponding cumulative volumes of released and produced gas, as well as (c) the water production rate and the mass of produced water from disperse, low-S-H hydrate-bearing sediments subject to depressurization-induced dissociation over a 10-year production period. We investigate the sensitivity of items (a)-(c) to the following hydraulic properties, reservoir conditions, and operational parameters: intrinsic permeability, porosity, pressure, temperature, hydrate saturation, and constant pressure at which the production well is kept. The results of this study indicate that, despite wide variations in the aforementioned parameters (covering the entire spectrum of such deposits), gas production is very limited, never exceeding a few thousand cubic meters of gas during the 10-year production period. Such low production volumes are orders of magnitude below commonly accepted standards of economic viability, and are further burdened with very unfavorable gas-to-water ratios. The unequivocal conclusion from this study is that disperse, low-S-H hydrate accumulations in oceanic sediments are not promising targets for gas production by means of depressurization-induced dissociation, and resources for early hydrate exploitation should be focused elsewhere. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Hydrate Res, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1166, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GJMoridis@lbl.gov; Esloan@mines.edu NR 27 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1834 EP 1849 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.023 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400010 ER PT J AU Kowalsky, MB Moridis, GJ AF Kowalsky, Michael B. Moridis, George J. TI Comparison of kinetic and equilibrium reaction models in simulating gas hydrate behavior in porous media SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE gas hydrates; dissociation; kinetics; depressurization; thermal stimulation ID DECOMPOSITION; SEDIMENTS AB In this study we compare the use of kinetic and equilibrium reaction models in the simulation of gas (methane) hydrate behavior in porous media. Our objective is to evaluate through numerical simulation the importance of employing kinetic versus equilibrium reaction models for predicting the response of hydrate-bearing systems to external stimuli, such as changes in pressure and temperature. Specifically, we (1) analyze and compare the responses simulated using both reaction models for natural gas production from hydrates in various settings and for the case of depressurization in a hydrate-bearing core during extraction; and (2) examine the sensitivity to factors such as initial hydrate saturation, hydrate reaction surface area, and numerical discretization. We find that for large-scale systems undergoing thermal stimulation and depressurization, the calculated responses for both reaction models are remarkably similar, though some differences are observed at early times. However, for modeling short-term processes, such as the rapid recovery of a hydrate-bearing core, kinetic limitations can be important, and neglecting them may lead to significant under-prediction of recoverable hydrate. Assuming validity of the most accurate kinetic reaction model that is currently available, the use of the equilibrium reaction model often appears to be justified and preferred for simulating the behavior of gas hydrates, given that the computational demands for the kinetic reaction model far exceed those for the equilibrium reaction model. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kowalsky, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBKowalsky@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1850 EP 1863 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.017 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400011 ER PT J AU Alp, D Parlaktuna, M Moridis, GJ AF Alp, Doruk Parlaktuna, Mahmut Moridis, George J. TI Gas production by depressurization from hypothetical Class 1G and Class 1W hydrate reservoirs SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TOUGH Symposium 2006 CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE natural gas; hydrate; TOUGH ID MODEL AB We study gas production from two types of Class 1 deposits: a Class 1G hydrate deposit (gas in the hydrate zone) and a Class 1W hydrate deposit (water in the hydrate zone). During production from these reservoirs, a secondary dissociation front appears at the top of the hydrate interval and advances downward, while the original hydrate interface moves upward. Wellbore heating is important to production from Class 1W accumulations, but does not appear to have a significant effect during production from Class 1G deposits. This study indicates that hydrates make significant contributions to gas production from Class 1 deposits. Over a 20-year period, hydrate dissociation contributes up to 50% of the production rate and up to 38% of the cumulative volume of produced gas in the case of the Class IG deposits, while the corresponding numbers for the Class 1W reservoir are up to 60% and 32%, respectively. During production, hydrate lenses (bands of alternating high-low hydrate saturation) develop in both Class 1W and Class 1G deposits. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Petr & Nat Gas Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alp, D (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Petr & Nat Gas Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM doruk@psu.edu NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1864 EP 1879 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.009 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 176SY UT WOS:000247106400012 ER PT J AU Garcia, AGP Szklo, AS Schaeffer, R McNeil, MA AF Pinto Garcia, Agenor Gomes Szklo, Alexandre S. Schaeffer, Roberto McNeil, Michael A. TI Energy-efficiency standards for electric motors in Brazilian industry SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE electrical motors; minimum efficiency standard performance (MEPS); Brazil AB The first regulation of the "Energy Efficient Act" for electric motors, launched in 2002, established two sets of minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS), for 'standard' (mandatory) and 'high efficiency' (voluntary) motors. An updated regulation, from the end of 2005 (Edict 553/2005), established the previous high-efficiency MEPS as mandatory for all motors in the Brazilian market. This paper analyses the consequences of this new regulation, which is foreseen to take effect in 2010. These new Brazilian MEPS are compatible with those implemented in other countries. The cost benefit analysis, considered for different scenarios for industrial consumers, showed that motor substitution (from standard to high efficiency) is generally advantageous. A sample of nine thousand industrial motors has been used, with measured operation in actual conditions, to analyze the investment cost-benefit in three different scenarios. This analysis also demonstrated the benefit of motor substitution, with an average MWh cost from 20 to 35 US$, and with only a few substitutions presenting an unfavorable cost benefit relationship to the user. We assess that Edict 553 avoided construction of 350 MW of hydroelectric capacity. Nevertheless, since the cost of conserved energy for this energy-saving measure is generally below the marginal cost of expansion of the Brazilian electric system, we propose mechanisms to share investment costs among the society as a whole, including demand-side bidding. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Grad Sch Engn, Ctr Tecnol, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garcia, AGP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Grad Sch Engn, Ctr Tecnol, Bloco C,Sala 211,Cidade Univ Ilha Fundao, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM agenorgarcia@ppe.ufrj.br RI SZKLO, ALEXANDRE /C-3315-2013 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 3424 EP 3439 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.11.024 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174YU UT WOS:000246979600028 ER PT J AU Schlamadinger, B Bird, N Johns, T Brown, S Canadell, J Ciccarese, L Dutschke, M Fiedler, J Fischlin, A Fearnside, P Forner, C Freibauer, A Frumhoff, P Hoehne, N Kirschbaum, MUF Labat, A Marland, G Michaelowa, A Montanarella, L Moutinho, P Murdiyarso, D Pena, N Pingoud, K Rakonczay, Z Rametsteiner, E Rock, J Sanz, MJ Schneider, UA Shuidenko, A Skutsch, M Smith, P Somogyi, Z Trines, E Ward, M Yamagata, Y AF Schlamadinger, B. Bird, N. Johns, T. Brown, S. Canadell, J. Ciccarese, L. Dutschke, M. Fiedler, J. Fischlin, A. Fearnside, P. Forner, C. Freibauer, A. Frumhoff, P. Hoehne, N. Kirschbaum, M. U. F. Labat, A. Marland, G. Michaelowa, A. Montanarella, L. Moutinho, P. Murdiyarso, D. Pena, N. Pingoud, K. Rakonczay, Z. Rametsteiner, E. Rock, J. Sanz, M. J. Schneider, U. A. Shuidenko, A. Skutsch, M. Smith, P. Somogyi, Z. Trines, E. Ward, M. Yamagata, Y. TI A synopsis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) under the Kyoto Protocol and Marrakech Accords SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Options for Including Agriculture and Forestry Activities in a Post-2012 International Climate Agreement CY MAY, 2005 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP Joanneum Res, CarboEurope Integrated Project, INSEA, Global Carbon Project, Natl Inst Environment Studies Japan DE LULUCF; Kyoto protocol; marrakech accords; carbon; emissions; removals; sequestration; saturation; non-permanence; carbon stocks; net-net accounting; gross-net accounting; bioenergy; deforestation ID CLIMATE; DEFORESTATION AB The complexities inherent in land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities have led to contentious and prolonged debates about the merits of their inclusion in the 2008-2012 first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Yet the inclusion of these activities played a key role in agreement on the general framework of the Kyoto Protocol, and LULUCF will likely continue to play a substantial part in negotiations on national commitments post-2012. The Marrakech Accords dictate which LULUCF activities are to be included under the Kyoto Protocol and provide rules on how they are to be accounted in the first commitment period. However, these rules have limitations and drawbacks that may be avoided in the structure of future commitments beyond 2012. Through adherence to the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate. Change (UNFCCC), and the incorporation of several critical features, a future framework can more effectively address the mitigation challenges and opportunities of this sector. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Joanneum Res, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Italian Agcy Environm Protect & Tech Serv, I-00185 Rome, Italy. BioCarbon Consult, D-77652 Offenburg, Germany. Natl Resources Def Council, Washington, DC 20005 USA. ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Ctr Int Forestry Res, CIFOR Jalan CIFOR Situ Gede, Bogor 16680, Barat, Indonesia. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Union Concerned Sci, Cambridge, MA 02238 USA. Ecofys, D-50933 Cologne, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Environm Biol Grp, RSBS, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Commiss European Communities, L-1555 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Polit Sci Polit Econ & Dev, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. IPAM, BR-70862530 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Pew Ctr Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. Commiss European Communities, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Dept Global Change & Nat Syst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Fdn CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain. Univ Hamburg, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci ZMAW, Res Unit Sustainab & Global Change, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Secondment Forest Res Inst, H-1023 Budapest, Hungary. Treeness Consult, NL-3711 AW Austerlitz, Netherlands. Global Climate Change Consultancy GtripleC, Wellington, New Zealand. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Schlamadinger, B (reprint author), Joanneum Res, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM bernhard.schlamadinger@joanneum.at RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Fearnside, Philip/D-6559-2011; Hohne, Niklas/L-8971-2013; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016; Schneider, Uwe/M-7342-2016; Rock, Joachim/S-5727-2016; OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Fearnside, Philip/0000-0003-3672-9082; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Shvidenko, Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151; Schneider, Uwe/0000-0002-6833-9292; Rock, Joachim/0000-0001-5773-8995; Michaelowa, Axel/0000-0001-5053-3700 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.11.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187CC UT WOS:000247823900002 ER PT J AU Jun, YS Ghose, SK Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Martin, ST AF Jun, Young-Shin Ghose, Sanjit K. Trainor, Thomas P. Eng, Peter J. Martin, Scot T. TI Structure of the hydrated (10$$(1)over-bar4) surface of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; CALCITE SURFACE; CARBONATE MINERALS; IN-SITU; WATER; ADSORPTION; DIFFRACTION; ENVIRONMENTS; ALPHA-AL2O3; GROWTH AB The three-dimensional structure of the hydrated (10 $$($) over bar4) surface of MnCO3 at 90% relative humidity and 295 K is determined from measurements of X-ray scattering along ten crystal-truncation rods (CTRs). The scattering data provide both vertical and lateral information about the interfacial structure. The model that best fits the scattering data is a surface having a first layer of manganese carbonate and an overlayer of oxygen (as water). Within the measurement uncertainty, the overlayer of oxygen (O-w) and the first-layer of manganese (Mn-1) have equal occupancies of 0.84. The Mn-1-O-w distance between these layers is 2.59 +/- 0.04 A. The overlayer O atoms are displaced laterally by 0.157 A in the x- and 0.626 A in the y-direction relative to the first-layer Mn atoms. The first-layer carbonate groups tilt by -4.2 +/- 2.1 degrees in phi (toward the surface plane) and -2.6 +/- 1.2 degrees in chi (an axis perpendicular to phi). The second-layer carbonate groups do not tilt, at least within measurement uncertainty. The spacing between Mn atom layers remains unchanged within measurement error whereas the spacing between layers of C atoms in carbonate contracts for the top three layers. Knowledge of the detailed atomic structure of the hydrated (10 $$($) over bar4) surface of MnCO3 provides a structural baseline for the interpretation of chemical reactivity. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Martin, ST (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scot_martin@harvard.edu RI Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015 OI Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3918 EP 3925 DI 10.1021/es062171v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 172ZM UT WOS:000246843300017 PM 17612169 ER PT J AU Gallegos, P Lutz, J Markwiese, J Ryti, R Mirenda, R AF Gallegos, Patricia Lutz, Jill Markwiese, James Ryti, Randall Mirenda, Rich TI Wildlife ecological screening levels for inhalation of volatile organic chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE inhalation; ecological risk assessments; toxicity reference values; ecological screening levels; volatile; organic chemicals ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; EXPOSURE; ANIMALS; RISKS; RATS; SOIL AB For most chemicals, evaluation of ecological risk typically does not address inhalation because ingestion dominates exposure. However, burrowing ecological receptors have an increased exposure potential from inhalation at sites contaminated with volatile chemicals in the subsurface. Evaluation of ecological risk from contaminants like volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) is constrained by a lack of relevant ecological screening levels (ESLs). To address this need, inhalation ESLs were developed for 16 VOCs: Acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chloromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, trichlorofluoromethane, and total xylene. These ESLs are based on Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) as a representative fossorial receptor. The ESLs are presented with an emphasis on the process for developing inhalation toxicity reference values to illustrate the selection of suitable toxicity data and effect levels from the literature. The resulting ESLs provide a quantitative method for evaluating ecological risk of VOCs through comparison to relevant exposure data such as direct burrow-air measurements. The toxicity reference value development and ESL calculation processes and assumptions detailed here are provided as bases from which risk assessors can use or refine to suit site-specific needs with respect to toxicity and exposure inputs. C1 Neptune & Co, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Environm Hlth Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Environm & Remediat Support Serv, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gallegos, P (reprint author), Neptune & Co, 1505 15th St,Suite B, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM patricia@neptuneinc.org NR 23 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1303 DI 10.1897/06-233R.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 169GQ UT WOS:000246581100027 PM 17571697 ER PT J AU Renner, MW Bochot, C Heroux, A Mansuy, D Battioni, P AF Renner, Mark W. Bochot, Constance Heroux, Annie Mansuy, Daniel Battioni, Pierrette TI Structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties of a class of dodecasubstituted iron porphyrins bearing four positive charges close to the metal SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; porphyrins; ligand design; X-ray diffraction; voltammetry ID REDOX POTENTIALS; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; IRON(III) PORPHYRINS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION; POLYNITROPORPHYRINS; METALLOPORPHYRINS; HYDROXYLATION; INHIBITION AB The first iron complexes of the tetracationic 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetra-N-pyridiniumylporphyrin, (OEPyP)(4+), in which four pyridine molecules are attached to the meso-carbon atoms through their nitrogen atoms, were synthesized in three steps starting from Zn(OEP) (Zn-beta-octaethylporphyrin) with an overall yield of ca. 30%. The X-ray structure of [Fe-II(OEPy4P)(pyridine)2](CF3SO3)(3)(Br) established that the molecule adopts a severely distorted nonplanar saddle conformation. H-1 NMR spectroscopy showed that the [Fe-II(OEPy4P)(B)(2)](4+) ligated complexes, B = pyridine (Py) or imidazole (Im), are low-spin, Fe-II, S = 0. These complexes exhibit redox potentials for the Fe-III/Fe-II couple that range between 0.62 and 0.38 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and are shifted by as much as +0.7 V relative to those of the corresponding planar iron complexes of OEP and of the nonplanar complexes of OETPP Such highly positive redox potentials explain the stability of these iron(II) porphyrins in air. As previously found for dodecasubstituted iron porphyrins bearing electron-withdrawing groups, the UV/Vis spectra of the [Fe-II(OEPy4P)(B)(2)](4+) complexes exhibit Soret and visible bands which are redshifted by ca. 40 nm relative to those of Fe(OEP)(Py)(2). These metallo-OEPy4 p(4+) complexes offer promising synthetic avenues to novel classes of highly charged porphyrins and multiporphyrin arrays, which are soluble in aqueous and polar organic solvents. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Paris 05, UMR 8601, Lab Chim & Biochim Pharmacol & Toxicol, F-75270 Paris 6, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Battioni, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 17 BP 2426 EP 2433 DI 10.1002/ejic.200601181 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 182XV UT WOS:000247538200008 ER PT J AU Papatriantafyllopou, C Aromi, G Tasiopoulos, AJ Nastopoulos, V Raptopoulou, CP Teat, SJ Escuer, A Perlepes, SP AF Papatriantafyllopou, Constantina Aromi, Guillem Tasiopoulos, Anastasios J. Nastopoulos, Vassilios Raptopoulou, Catherine P. Teat, Simon J. Escuer, Albert Perlepes, Spyros P. TI Use of the sulfato ligand in 3d-metal cluster chemistry: A family of hexanuclear nickel(11) complexes with 2-pyridyl-substituted oxime ligands SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nickel(II) clusters; magnetic properties; sulfato complexes; oxime complexes ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; DI-2-PYRIDYL KETONE OXIME; INVERSE 12-METALLACROWN-4 COMPLEXES; MANGANESE CARBOXYLATE CHEMISTRY; INTERNALLY FUNCTIONALIZED OXIME; GROUND SPIN-STATE; X-RAY STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL ASPECTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AB The initial use of 2 -pyridyl- substituted oximes [(py)C(R)-NOH; R = Me, Ph]/sulfate blend in nickel(II) chemistry has yielded a family of hexanuclear clusters. The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties are reported of [Ni-6(SO4)(4)-(OH){(py)C(Me)NO}(3){(py)C(Me)NOH}(3)(MeOH)(2)(H2O)] (1), [Ni-6(SO4)(4)(OH){(py)C(ph)NO)(3)}(py)C(ph)NOH)(3)(MeOH)(3)] (2) and [Ni-6(SO4)(4)(OH){(py)C(ph)NO)(3)}(py)C(ph)NOH)(3)(H2O)(3)] (3), where (py)C(Me)NOH is methyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime and (py)C(ph)NOH is phenyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime. The hexanuclear molecules present in the three complexes have similar structures which contain the [Ni-6(mu(3)-OH)(mu(3)-SO4)(3)(mu(3)-ONR)(3)](2+) core. The core consists of six Ni-II ions arranged as two parallel equilateral triangular subunits, one small (Ni center dot center dot center dot Ni ca. 3.3 angstrom) and the other larger (Ni center dot center dot center dot Ni ca. 6.0 angstrom). Characteristic IR bands are discussed in terms of the known structures of 1-3. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been studied by variable-temperature dc magnetic susceptibility techniques which indicate antiferromagnetic interactions. A simple 2-J model was found to be adequate to describe the similar thermal variation of the molar magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 2. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007. C1 Univ Patras, Dept Chem, GR-26504 Patras, Greece. Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Cyprus, Dept Chem, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Mat Sci, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlepes, SP (reprint author), Univ Patras, Dept Chem, GR-26504 Patras, Greece. EM SJTeat@lbl.gov; albert.escuer@qi.ub.es; perlepes@patreas.upatras.gr RI Escuer, Albert/L-4706-2014; Aromi, Guillem/I-2483-2015 OI Escuer, Albert/0000-0002-6274-6866; Aromi, Guillem/0000-0002-0997-9484 NR 93 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 18 BP 2761 EP 2774 DI 10.1002/ejic.200700063 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 188RP UT WOS:000247937300028 ER PT J AU Young, RD AF Young, R. D. TI Strangeness contributions to nucleon form factors SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More CY MAY 16-20, 2006 CL Milos, GREECE ID MAGNETIC-MOMENT; LATTICE QCD; SCATTERING; SYMMETRY AB We review a recent theoretical determination of the strange quark content of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. These are compared with a global analysis of current experimental measurements in parity-violating electron scattering. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Young, RD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM young@jlab.org RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10409-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198GF UT WOS:000248614300013 ER PT J AU Vanderhaeghen, M AF Vanderhaeghen, M. TI Beam normal spin asymmetries: Theory SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More CY MAY 16-20, 2006 CL Milos, GREECE ID ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; PHOTON EXCHANGE AB The beam normal spin asymmetry in elastic electron-nucleon scattering is discussed. This beam normal spin asymmetry depends on the imaginary part of two-photon exchange processes between electron and nucleon, and measures the non-forward structure functions of the nucleon. After briefly reviewing the theoretical formalism, we discuss calculations in the threshold region, in the resonance region, as well as in the diffractive region, corresponding with high energy and forward angles. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Vanderhaeghen, M (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM marcvdh@jlab.org NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10422-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198GF UT WOS:000248614300022 ER PT J AU Gaskell, D Meekins, DG Yan, C AF Gaskell, D. Meekins, D. G. Yan, C. TI New methods for precision Moller polarimetry SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More CY MAY 16-20, 2006 CL Milos, GREECE AB Precision electron beam polarimetry is becoming increasingly important as parity violation experiments attempt to probe the frontiers of the standard model. In the few GeV regime, Moller polarimetry is well suited to high-precision measurements, however is generally limited to use at relatively low beam currents (< 10 mu A). We present a novel technique that will enable precision Moller polarimetry at very large currents, up to 100 mu A. C1 TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gaskell, D (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10438-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198GF UT WOS:000248614300035 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Wan Abdullah, WAT Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Lominski, WS Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Koetz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, G Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D De Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L Del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, E Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, K Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Wan Abdullah, W. A. T. Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Lominski, W. S. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. De Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. C., Glasman Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. Del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of K-S(0), Lambda and (Lambda)over-bar production at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRANGE PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; HADRONIC Z-DECAYS; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HIGH-ENERGY; E+E-ANNIHILATION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION AB The production of the neutral strange hadrons K-S(0), Lambda and (Lambda) over bar has been measured in ep collisions at HERA using the ZEUS detector. Cross sections, baryon-to-meson ratios, relative yields of strange and charged light hadrons, Lambda ((Lambda) over bar) asymmetry and polarization have been measured in three kinematic regions: Q(2) > 25 GeV2; 5 < Q(2) < 25 GeV2; and in photoproduction (Q(2) similar or equal to 0). In photoproduction the presence of two hadronic jets, each with at least 5 GeV transverse energy, was required. The measurements agree in general with Monte Carlo models and are consistent with measurements made at e(+)e(-) colliders, except for an enhancement of baryon relative to meson production in photoproduction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fiz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. UCL, London, England. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012 OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664 NR 107 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0299-2 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166WP UT WOS:000246411800001 ER PT J AU Raufaste, C Dollet, B Cox, S Jiang, Y Graner, F AF Raufaste, C. Dollet, B. Cox, S. Jiang, Y. Graner, F. TI Yield drag in a two-dimensional foam flow around a circular obstacle: Effect of liquid fraction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS; RHEOLOGY; DISSIPATION; TRANSITION; STRESS; GROWTH; MODEL AB We study the two-dimensional flow of foams around a circular obstacle within a long channel. In experiments, we confine the foam between liquid and glass surfaces. In simulations, we use a deterministic software, the Surface Evolver, for bubble details and a stochastic one, the extended Potts model, for statistics. We adopt a coherent definition of liquid fraction for all studied systems. We vary it in both experiments and simulations, and determine the yield drag of the foam, that is, the force exerted on the obstacle by the foam flowing at very low velocity. We find that the yield drag is linear over a large range of the ratio of obstacle to bubble size, and is independent of the channel width over a large range. Decreasing the liquid fraction, however, strongly increases the yield drag; we discuss and interpret this dependence. C1 Spectrometrie Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 5588, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 Grenoble, France. Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raufaste, C (reprint author), Spectrometrie Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 5588, BP 87, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. EM craufast@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Cox, Simon/F-5280-2012; Dollet, Benjamin/N-6860-2014 OI Cox, Simon/0000-0001-6129-3394; NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1140/epje/i2006-10178-9 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 189MF UT WOS:000247992300009 PM 17619820 ER PT J AU Brown, EN AF Brown, E. N. TI Mechanics of organic, implant, and bioinspired materials SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Society for Experimental Mechanics; Biological Materials and Systems Technical Division; bioinspired materials C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11340-007-9051-y PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 166BU UT WOS:000246352900001 ER PT J AU Perry, KE Labossiere, PE Steffler, E AF Perry, K. E. Labossiere, P. E. Steffler, E. TI Measurement of deformation and strain in nitinol SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE nitinol; thermoelasticity; phase transformations; photomechanics; moire interferometry; full-field measurements; modeling; carrier fringes AB Phase shifted moire interferometry is used to measure full-field strains during uniaxial tension and four-point bend loading of nitinol test samples. Optical resolution and grating coherence were exceptional and allowed simultaneous resolution of the strain fields within both the parent and transformed phases of the material. Evidence of localized and uniformly distributed phase transformation was observed for the samples tested in uniaxial tension while the bending results indicate a clear tension/compression asymmetry. The results further highlight the effect of the elasticity of the two phases and the complexity associated with competing martensite and R-phase transformations on the thermomechanical behavior of nitinol. Finally, the technique is applied to a nitinol implantable medical component to demonstrate the opportunities for improved end-use material characterization, numerical modeling and design validation. C1 ECHOBIO LLC, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Perry, KE (reprint author), ECHOBIO LLC, 579 Azalea Ave, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. EM kperry@echobio.com NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-9014-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 166BU UT WOS:000246352900009 ER PT J AU Brown, EN Willms, RB Gray, GT Rae, PJ Cady, CM Vecchio, KS Flowers, J Martinez, MY AF Brown, E. N. Willms, R. B. Gray, G. T., III Rae, P. J. Cady, C. M. Vecchio, K. S. Flowers, J. Martinez, M. Y. TI Influence of molecular conformation on the constitutive response of polyethylene: A comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE polyethylene HDPE UHMWPE PEX; materials characterization; temperature; strain-rate; split Hopkinson pressure bar SHPB ID HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; RAPID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PTFE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION AB The current work presents the characterization and comparison of the mechanical response of three different industrial forms of polyethylene. Specifically, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) were tested in compression as a function of temperature (-75 to 100 degrees C) and strain-rate (10(-4) to 2,600 s(-1)). The responses of UHMWPE and PEX are very similar, whereas HDPE exhibits some differences. The HDPE samples display a significantly higher yield stress followed by a flat flow behavior. Conversely UHMWPE and PEX both exhibit significant strain hardening after yield. The temperature and strain-rate dependence are captured by simple linear and logarithmic fits over the full range of conditions investigated. The yield behavior is presented in terms of an empirical mapping function that is extended to analytically solve for the mapping constant. The power-law dependence on strain-rate observed in some polymers is explained using this mapping function. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, WT Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov RI Vecchio, Kenneth/F-6300-2011; OI Vecchio, Kenneth/0000-0003-0217-6803; Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 64 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s11340-007-9045-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 166BU UT WOS:000246352900010 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MS Holl, A Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD Wright, SV AF Bhagwat, M. S. Hoell, A. Krassnigg, A. Roberts, C. D. Wright, S. V. TI Schwinger functions and light-quark bound states SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; LATTICE QCD; EQUATIONS; CONFINEMENT; PROPAGATORS; HADRONS; PHYSICS; SPACE AB We examine the applicability and viability of methods to obtain knowledge about bound states from information provided solely in Euclidean space. Rudimentary methods can be adequate if one only requires information about the ground and first excited state and assumptions made about analytic properties are valid. However, to obtain information from Schwinger functions about higher mass states, something more sophisticated is necessary. A method based on the correlator matrix can be dependable when operators are carefully tuned and errors are small. This method is nevertheless not competitive when an unambiguous analytic continuation of even a single Schwinger function to complex momenta is available. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Bhagwat, MS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361; Wright, Stewart/0000-0001-7391-8830 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s00601-007-0174-6 PG 27 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 180SN UT WOS:000247386200006 ER PT J AU Cook, CB Richmond, MC Serkowski, JA AF Cook, Christopher B. Richmond, Marshall C. Serkowski, John A. TI Observations of velocity conditions near a hydroelectric turbine draft tube exit using ADCP measurements SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE acoustic Doppler current profiler; draft tube; hydroelectric turbine; velocity measurement; discharge measurement ID REYNOLDS STRESS; SHEAR-FLOW; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; CIRCULATION; SURVIVAL AB Measurement of flow characteristics near hydraulic structures is an ongoing challenge because of the need to obtain rapid measurements of time-varying velocity over a relatively large spatial domain. This paper discusses use of an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to measure the rapidly diverging flow exiting from an operating hydroelectric turbine draft tube exit. The resolved three-dimensional velocity vectors show a highly complex and helical flow pattern developed near to and downstream of the exit. Velocity vectors were integrated across the exit and we computed an uneven percentage of flow (67%/33%) passing through the two draft tube barrels at a mid-range turbine discharge, consistent with physical model results. In addition to the three-dimensional velocity vectors, the individual one-dimensional velocities measured by each of the four ADCP beams can be separately used as calibration and validation data sets for numerical and physical models. This technique is demonstrated by comparing along-beam ADCP velocity measurements to data collected in a scaled physical model. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cook, CB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chris.cook@pnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD JUN-AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2007.04.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 215LG UT WOS:000249809300006 ER PT J AU Mukoyama, Y Utani, A Matsui, S Zhou, SX Miyachi, Y Matsuyoshi, N AF Mukoyama, Yohei Utani, Atsushi Matsui, Seiya Zhou, Shuxia Miyachi, Yoshiki Matsuyoshi, Norihisa TI T-cadherin enhances cell-matrix adhesiveness by regulating beta 1 integrin trafficking in cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells SO GENES TO CELLS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CHOLERA-TOXIN; CAVEOLAE MEMBRANE; LIPID RAFTS; HUMAN-SKIN; INTERNALIZATION; ADHESION; EXPRESSION; BINDING AB T-cadherin is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cadherin molecule. We previously reported that T-cadherin is normally expressed on the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and is down-regulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found that expression of T-cadherin in cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells regulated level of surface beta 1 integrin, which functioned as extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor. Involvement of T-cadherin in beta 1 integrin trafficking was studied using three different stable cell lines with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven over-expression, tetracycline (Tet)-inducible expression and RNAi-mediated suppressed expression of T-cadherin. Pulse-chase analysis using a cholesterol-depleting reagent and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor showed that beta 1 integrin mainly internalized via caveolae. Over-expression of T-cadherin suppressed the internalization of both beta 1 integrin and cholera toxin (CTX), a marker of caveolae-mediated endocytosis. By Western blot analysis of tyrosine-kinase target molecules, we demonstrated a reduced level of EGF receptor (EGFR)-phosphorylation in T-cadherin over-expressing cells. In addition, studies using EGF and EGFR specific inhibitors revealed that EGFR activation stimulated beta 1 integrin internalization. Taking these results together, T-cadherin may modulate cell-matrix adhesion in basal keratinocytes as well as invasive potency in SCC by regulating surface level of beta 1 integrin. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068317, Japan. Maruho Co Ltd, Kyoto R&D Ctr, Drug Discovery Res, Shimogyo Ku, Kyoto 6008815, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukoyama, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Sakyo Ku, 54 Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068317, Japan. EM mukoyama_bux@mii.maruho.co.jp NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1356-9597 J9 GENES CELLS JI Genes Cells PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01092.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 179BL UT WOS:000247264200008 PM 17573778 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Schulze, KL Hiesinger, PR Suyama, K Wang, S Fish, M Acar, M Hoskins, RA Bellen, HJ Scott, MP AF Zhang, Jun Schulze, Karen L. Hiesinger, P. Robin Suyama, Kaye Wang, Strearn Fish, Matthew Acar, Melih Hoskins, Roger A. Bellen, Hugo J. Scott, Matthew P. TI Thirty-one flavors of Drosophila Rab proteins SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REGULATOR; ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GRADIENT FORMATION; VESICLE TRANSPORT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SMALL GTPASE; TRAFFICKING; EXPRESSION; ENDOSOMES AB Rab proteins are small GTPases that play important roles in transport of vesicle cargo and recruitment, association of motor and other proteins with vesicles, and docking and fusion of vesicles at defined locations. In vertebrates, >75 Rab genes have been identified, some of which have been intensively studied for their roles in endosome and synaptic vesicle trafficking. Recent studies of the functions of certain Rab proteins have revealed specific roles in mediating developmental signal transduction. We have begun a systematic genetic study of the 33 Rab genes in Drosophila. Most of the fly proteins are clearly related to specific vertebrate proteins. We report here the creation of a set of transgenic fly lines that allow spatially and temporally regulated expression of Drosophila Rab proteins. e generated fluorescent protein-tagged wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active forms of 31 Drosophila Rab proteins. We describe Drosophila Rab expression patterns during embryogenesis, the subcellular localization of some Rab proteins, and comparisons of the localization of wild-type, dominant-negative, and constitutively active forms of selected Rab proteins. The high evolutionary conservation and low redundancy of Drosophila Rab proteins make these transgenic lines a useful tool it for investigating Rab functions in vivo. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Program Dev Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas SW, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas SW, Med Ctr, Green Ctr Div Syst Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Dev Biol, W Wing W252,318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mscott@stanford.edu OI Bellen, Hugo/0000-0001-5992-5989 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NICHD NIH HHS [P30 HD024064] NR 71 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 20 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 1307 EP 1322 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.066761 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 187TF UT WOS:000247870700046 PM 17409086 ER PT J AU Reilly, SD Runde, W Neu, MP AF Reilly, Sean D. Runde, Wolfgang Neu, Mary P. TI Solubility of plutonium(VI) carbonate in saline solutions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LIQUID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS; PU(VI); 25-DEGREES-C; RADIOLYSIS; ACTINIDES; CONSTANTS; BEHAVIOR; U(VI) AB Among the plutonium oxidation states found to form in the environment, mobile plutonium(VI) can exist under oxidizing conditions and in waters with high chloride content due to radiolysis effects. We are investigating the solubility and speciation of plutonium(VI) carbonate under conditions relevant to natural waters and brines such as those found near some geologic radioactive waste repositories. The solid Pu(VI) phase PuO2CO3(s) was prepared and its solubility was measured in NaCl and NaClO4 solutions in a CO2 atmosphere as a function of pH and ionic strength (0.1-5.6 m). The concentration of soluble plutonium in solution was calculated from spectroscopic data and liquid scintillation counting. Spectroscopic measurements also revealed the plutonium oxidation state. The apparent solubility product of PuO2CO3(s) was determined at selected electrolyte concentrations to be, log K-s,(0) = -13.95 +/- 0.07 (0.1 to NaCl), log K-s,K-0 = -14.07 +/- 0.13 (5.6m NaCl), and Iog K-s,K-0 = -15.26 +/- 0.11 (5.6 m NaClO4). Specific ion interaction theory was used to calculate the solubility product at zero ionic strength, logK(s,0)degrees = -14.82 +/- 0.05. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mneu@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2672 EP 2679 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.020 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176LR UT WOS:000247087100002 ER PT J AU Gaffney, AM Blichert-Toft, J Nelson, BK Bizzarro, M Rosing, M Albarede, F AF Gaffney, Amy M. Blichert-Toft, Janne Nelson, Bruce K. Bizzarro, Martin Rosing, Minik Albarede, Francis TI Constraints on source-forming processes of West Greenland kimberlites inferred from Hf-Nd isotope systematics SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOMERSET ISLAND KIMBERLITES; UPPER-MANTLE CONDITIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; LU-HF; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; XENOLITHIC ECLOGITES; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; CARBONATED ECLOGITE; HAFNIUM ISOTOPES AB Kimberlites from West Greenland have Hf-Nd isotope as well as major and trace element compositions that are similar to other Group I kimberlites, but that are distinctive in the spectrum of magmas sampled at Earth's surface. The West Greenland kimberlites have epsilon(Ndi) that ranges from +1.6 to +3.1 and epsilon(Hfi) that ranges from -4.3 to +4.9. The samples exhibit ubiquitous negative Delta epsilon(Hfi) (deviation from the ocean island basalt epsilon(Hf)-epsilon(Nd) reference line), ranging from -1.8 to -11.2. The kimberlites are characterized by steep heavy rare earth element patterns, positive Ta-Nb anomalies and negative Hf-Zr anomalies. These chemical signals are consistent with the presence of ancient, subducted oceanic crust in the kimberlite source region. In the model we present, dewatering and possibly partial melting of rutile-bearing oceanic crust during subduction results in characteristic trace element patterns in the residual crust. During aging, the Hf-Nd isotopic composition of this dewatered/partially melted EMORB-type crust evolves to negative Delta epsilon(Hfi) values. Metasomatic fluids derived from this ancient subducted oceanic crust infiltrate and impart their trace element and isotopic signal on proximal peridotitic mantle. Melting of this metasomatized mantle peridotite results in kimberlite magmas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5570, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon 7, France. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. NordCEE, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Gaffney, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gaffney1@llnl.gov RI Blichert-Toft, Janne/C-8280-2012; Gaffney, Amy/F-8423-2014; Albarede, Francis/A-8871-2011; Bizzarro, Martin/I-8701-2012 OI Blichert-Toft, Janne/0000-0002-4932-4079; Gaffney, Amy/0000-0001-5714-0029; Albarede, Francis/0000-0003-1994-1428; Bizzarro, Martin/0000-0001-9966-2124 NR 82 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2820 EP 2836 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.009 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176LR UT WOS:000247087100012 ER PT J AU Nihei, KT Li, XY AF Nihei, Kurt T. Li, Xiaoye TI Frequency response modelling of seismic waves using finite difference time domain with phase sensitive detection (TD-PSD) SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE finite-difference methods; numerical techniques; seismic modelling ID FORM INVERSION; SOLVER AB This paper describes an efficient approach for computing the frequency response of seismic waves propagating in 2- and 3-D earth models within which the magnitude and phase are required at many locations. The approach consists of running an explicit finite difference time domain (TD) code with a time harmonic source out to steady-state. The magnitudes and phases at locations in the model are computed using phase sensitive detection (PSD). PSD does not require storage of time-series (unlike a fast Fourier transform), reducing its memory requirements. Additionally, the response from multiple sources can be obtained from a single finite difference run by encoding each source with a different frequency. For 2-D models with many sources, this time domain phase sensitive detection (TD-PSD) approach has a higher arithmetic complexity than direct solution of the finite difference frequency domain (FD) equations using nested dissection re-ordering (FD-ND). The storage requirements for 2-D finite difference TD-PSD are lower than FD-ND. For 3-D finite difference models, TD-PSD has significantly lower arithmetic complexity and storage requirements than FD-ND, and therefore, may prove useful for computing the frequency response of large 3-D earth models. C1 Chevron ETC, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nihei, KT (reprint author), Chevron ETC, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. EM knih@chevron.com RI Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 1069 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03262.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 178FA UT WOS:000247205400020 ER PT J AU Gok, R Pasyanos, ME Zor, E AF Gok, Rengin Pasyanos, Michael E. Zor, Ekrem TI Lithospheric structure of the continent-continent collision zone: eastern Turkey SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE anisotrophy; eastern Turkey; lithosphere; Middle East; receiver functions; surface waves ID SURFACE-WAVE DISPERSION; RECEIVER-FUNCTION; SURROUNDING REGIONS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; JOINT INVERSION; UPPER-MANTLE; PLATEAU; CRUSTAL; VOLCANISM; ANATOLIA AB We infer the lithospheric structure in eastern Turkey using teleseismic and regional events recorded by 29 broad-band stations from the Eastern Turkey Seismic Experiment (ETSE). We combine the surface wave group velocities (Rayleigh and Love) with telesesimic receiver functions to jointly invert for the S-wave velocity structure, Moho depth and mantle-lid (lithospheric mantle) thickness. We also estimated the transverse anisotropy due to Love and Rayleigh velocity discrepancies. We found anomalously low shear wave velocities underneath the Anatolian Plateau. Average crustal thickness is 36 km in the Arabian Plate, 44 km in Anatolian Block and 48 km in the Anatolian Plateau. We observe very low shear wave velocities at the crustal portion (30-38 km) of the northeastern part of the Anatolian Plateau. The lithospheric mantle thickness is either not thick enough to resolve it or it is completely removed underneath the Anatolian Plateau. The shear velocities and anisotropy down to 100 km depth suggest that the average lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the Arabian Plate is about 90 and 70 km in Anatolian block. Adding the surface waves to the receiver functions is necessary to constrain the trade-off between velocity and the thickness. We find slower velocities than with the receiver function data alone. The study reveals three different lithospheric structures in eastern Turkey: the Anatolian plateau (east of Karliova Triple Junction), the Anatolian block and the northernmost portion of the Arabian plate. The boundary of lithospheric structure differences coincides with the major tectonic boundaries. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Inst Earth Sci, Kocaeli, Turkey. RP Gok, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gok1@llnl.gov RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 37 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 1079 EP 1088 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03288.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 178FA UT WOS:000247205400021 ER PT J AU Di Luccio, F Pasyanos, ME AF Di Luccio, F. Pasyanos, M. E. TI Crustal and upper-mantle structure in the Eastern Mediterranean from the analysis of surface wave dispersion curves SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Eastern Mediterranean; lithosphere; Moho depth; surface waves ID DEAD-SEA TRANSFORM; RECEIVER FUNCTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PHASE VELOCITIES; NORTH-AFRICA; INVERSION; PLATE; CONSTRAINTS; THICKNESS; EURASIA AB The dispersive properties of surface waves are used to infer earth structure in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Using group velocity maps for Rayleigh and Love waves from 7 to 100 s, we invert for the best 1-D crust and upper-mantle structure at a regular series of points. Assembling the results produces a 3-D lithospheric model, along with corresponding maps of sediment and crustal thickness. A comparison of our results to other studies finds the uncertainties of the Moho estimates to be about 5 km. We find thick sediments beneath most of the Eastern Mediterranean basin, in the Hellenic subduction zone and the Cyprus arc. The Ionian Sea is more characteristic of oceanic crust than the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean region as demonstrated, in particular, by the crustal thickness. We also find significant crustal thinning in the Aegean Sea portion of the backarc, particularly towards the south. Notably slower S-wave velocities are found in the upper mantle, especially in the northern Red Sea and Dead Sea Rift, central Turkey, and along the subduction zone. The low velocities in the upper mantle that span from North Africa to Crete, in the Libyan Sea, might be an indication of serpentinized mantle from the subducting African lithosphere. We also find evidence of a strong reverse correlation between sediment and crustal thickness which, while previously demonstrated for extensional regions, also seems applicable for this convergence zone. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Di Luccio, F (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM diluccio@ingv.it RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 169 IS 3 BP 1139 EP 1152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03332.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 178FA UT WOS:000247205400026 ER PT J AU Majer, EL Baria, R Stark, M Oates, S Bommer, J Smith, B Asanuma, H AF Majer, Ernest L. Baria, Roy Stark, Mitch Oates, Stephen Bommer, Julian Smith, Bill Asanuma, Hiroshi TI Induced seismicity associated with enhanced geothermal systems SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; enhanced geothermal systems (EGS); the geysers; cooper basin; Berlin; Soultz-sous-Forets ID EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; EL-SALVADOR; GEYSERS; CALIFORNIA; AREA; FIELD; RESERVOIR; MECHANICS; PRESSURE; PROJECT AB Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) have the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy inventory. One controversial issue associated with EGS, however, is the impact of induced seismicity or microseismicity, which has been the cause of delays and threatened cancellation of at leasttwo EGS projects worldwide. Although microseismicity has in fact had few (or no) adverse physical effects on operations or on surrounding communities, there remains public concern over the amount and magnitude of the seismicity associated with current and future EGS operations. The primary objectives of this paper are to present an up-to-date review of what is already known about the seismicity induced during the creation and operation of EGS, and of the gaps in our knowledge that, once addressed, should lead to an improved understanding of the mechanisms generating the events. Several case histories also illustrate a number of technical and public acceptance issues. We conclude that EGS-induced seismicity need not pose a threat to the development of geothermal energy resources if site selection is carried outproperly, community issues are handled adequately and operators understand the underlying mechanisms causing the events. Induced seismicity could indeed prove beneficial, in that it can be used to monitor the effectiveness of EGS operations and shed light on geothermal reservoir processes. (c) 2007 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIL TECH UK Ltd, Woking GU24 9PF, Surrey, England. Calpine Corp, Middletown, CA 95461 USA. Shell Int Explorat & Prod, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. No Calif Power Agcy Middletown, Middletown, CA 95461 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Majer, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elmajer@lbl.gov NR 90 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 11 U2 78 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 EI 1879-3576 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 185 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2007.03.003 PG 38 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 180GV UT WOS:000247352000001 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lee, KY Choi, SM Liu, J Wang, LQ Peden, CHF AF Wang, Yong Lee, Kwan-Young Choi, Saemin Liu, Jun Wang, Li-Qiong Peden, Charles H. F. TI Grafting sulfated zirconia on mesoporous silica SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Chemistry for Fuel Synthesis and Processing held at the 232nd ACS National Meeting CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID ISOPROPANOL DEHYDRATION REACTION; SOL-GEL PROCESS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ACID CATALYSTS; SURFACE; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; TUNGSTEN; DENSITIES; ALKOXIDES AB Recently, sulfated zirconia has received considerable attention as a potential solid acid catalyst to replace problematic homogeneous acid catalysts. In this paper, the preparation and properties of acid catalysts obtained by grafting ziconia with atomic precision on MCM-41 mesoporous silica were studied. TEM and potential titration characterizations revealed that ZrO2/MCM-41 with monolayer coverage can be obtained using this grafting technique. Sulfated ZrO2/MCM-41 exhibits improved thermal stability than that of bulk sulfated zirconia, as evidenced by temperature programmed characterizations and XRD analysis. Temperature programmed reaction of isopropanol was used to evaluate the acidity of sulfated ZrO2/MCM-41. It was found that the acid strength of sulfated ZrO2/MCM-41 with monolayer coverage is weaker than bulk sulfated zirconia but stronger than SiO2-Al2O3, a common strong acid catalyst. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catal, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Lee, Kwan-Young/F-7603-2013; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 540 EP 544 DI 10.1039/b614928f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186MK UT WOS:000247782600003 ER PT J AU Steidl, U Steidl, C Ebralidze, A Han, HJ Will, B Rosenbauer, F Kobayashi, S O'Brien, KB Haase, D Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Tenen, DG AF Steidl, U. Steidl, C. Ebralidze, A. Han, H. J. Will, B. Rosenbauer, F. Kobayashi, S. O'Brien, K. B. Haase, D. Kohwi-Shigematsu, T. Tenen, D. G. TI Identification of the chromatin-remodeling protein SATB1 as a development-dependent long-range transcriptional regulator of the PU.1 gene SO HAEMATOLOGICA-THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Congress of the European-Hematology-Association CY JUN 07-10, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Hematol Assoc C1 Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. British Columbia Canc Agcy, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, Germany. Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FERRATA STORTI FOUNDATION PI PAVIA PA STRADA NUOVA 134, 27100 PAVIA, ITALY SN 0390-6078 J9 HAEMATOL-HEMATOL J JI Haematol-Hematol. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 SU 1 MA 0445 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 177UB UT WOS:000247176900447 ER PT J AU Schwahn, SO AF Schwahn, Scott O. TI On absorbed dose coefficients calculated by Veinot and Hertel SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID CALIBRATION PHANTOMS; PHOTON BACKSCATTER C1 US DOE, Idaho Operat Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schwahn, SO (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Operat Off, 1955 Fremont Ave,MS-4149, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Schwahn, Scott/C-2530-2016 OI Schwahn, Scott/0000-0001-7105-3095 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 6 BP 668 EP 668 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000261598.58155.0f PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 167WZ UT WOS:000246484500022 PM 17495670 ER PT J AU Hsiao, HW Whitestone, J Kau, TY AF Hsiao, Hongwei Whitestone, Jennifer Kau, Tsui-Ying TI Evaluation of fall arrest harness sizing schemes SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB Objective: This paper evaluated harness sizing schemes and anthropometric criteria for harness design applications. Background: Updated harness sizing systems are needed to accommodate diverse populations in the current workforce. Method: Three-dimensional torso scan data and human-harness interfaces from 108 women and 108 men were digitally captured. A bounding box approach was employed to quantify the effect of torso shape and size on fall harness fit. Results: A logistic regression model with eight equations was developed and tested to classify more than 96% of participants to the best-fitting size. Conclusion: Study outcomes suggested an alternative system of two sizes for women and three sizes for men over the current four-size unisex system. In addition, thigh strap angle and back D ring location could be utilized along with current harness static fit test criteria to further enhance postfall harness fit predictions. Application: This research could help reduce the risk of worker injury resulting from poor fit, improper size selection, or failure to don the harness properly. C1 US DOE, Protect Technol Branch, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Total Contact Inc, Germantown, OH USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hsiao, HW (reprint author), US DOE, Protect Technol Branch, Div Safety Res, 1098 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hhsiao@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 447 EP 464 DI 10.1518/001872007X200094 PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 170XQ UT WOS:000246699900008 PM 17552309 ER PT J AU Arias, RS Flanagan, ML Miller, KD Nien, YC Hu, PS Gray, D Khawli, LA Epstein, AL AF Arias, Robyn S. Flanagan, Meg L. Miller, Keith D. Nien, Yu-Chih Hu, Peisheng Gray, Dixon Khawli, Leslie A. Epstein, Alan L. TI RA8, a human anti-CD25 antibody against human Treg cells SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL SOLID TUMORS; VERSUS-HOST-DISEASE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; FUSION PROTEIN; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES; CANCER-IMMUNOTHERAPY; CD4(+)CD25(+) CELLS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AB Although anti-CD25 antibodies exist for clinical use in patients, there is a need for the development of a human Treg antibody that will abrogate the immunosuppressive function of this small but critical T cell subtype. Based upon mounting evidence that the level of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment correlates with clinical prognosis and stage in man, it appears that Treg cells play an important role in the tumor's ability to overcome host immune responses. In mice, the rat anti-mouse CD25 antibody PC61 causes depletion of CD25-bearing Treg cells both peripherally in lymphatic tissues and in the tumor microenvironment, without inducing symptoms of autoimmunity. A similar antibody, though with the ability to delete Treg cells specifically, would be an important new tool for reversing tumor escape associated with Treg immunosuppression in man. To begin to generate such a reagent, we now describe the development of a human anti-CD25 antibody using a novel yeast display library. The target antigen CD25-Fc was constructed and used for five rounds of selection using a non-immune yeast display library that contained as many as 109 single chain variable fragments (scFv). Two unique clones with low KD values (RA4 and RA8) were then selected to construct fully human anti-CD25 antibodies (IgG1/kappa) for stable expression. One antibody, RA8, showed excellent binding to human CD25(+) cell lines and to human Treg cells and appears to be an excellent candidate for the generation of a human reagent that may be used in man for the immunotherapy of cancer. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Pathol, Keck Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Keck Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Keck Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Epstein, AL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Pathol, Keck Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM aepstein@usc.edu FU PHS HHS [PAR-03-074] NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1089/hyb.2006.0041 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 184CT UT WOS:000247619400001 PM 17600493 ER PT J AU Halevy, I Beck, A Yaar, I Kahane, S Levy, O Auster, E Ettedgui, H Caspi, EN Rivin, O Berant, Z Hu, J AF Halevy, I. Beck, A. Yaar, I. Kahane, S. Levy, O. Auster, E. Ettedgui, H. Caspi, E. N. Rivin, O. Berant, Z. Hu, J. TI XRD, TDPAC and LAPW study of Hf(10)B(2) under high pressure SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Hafnium diboride; High pressure; TDPAC; LAPW ID SOLIDS AB The crystallographic structure and electronic properties of Hf(10)B(2) were studied as a function of pressure by combining X-ray diffraction measurements with full potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) calculations. No phase transition was observed up to a pressure of 30.8 GPa, with a total volume contraction of V/V(0) = 0.85 and a bulk modulus value of B (0) = 232 +/- 13 GPa. The calculated V(zz) value at the hafnium site is linearly increasing as a function of the pressure induced volume reduction, while the V(zz) value at the boron site stays almost zero. The major contribution to the V(zz) value at the hafnium site comes from a p-p contribution next to the probe nucleus, with a relatively large d-d contribution of about 25%. This unusual large d-d contribution arises from the hafnium p-d electrons coupling. C1 [Halevy, I.; Beck, A.; Yaar, I.; Kahane, S.; Levy, O.; Auster, E.; Ettedgui, H.; Caspi, E. N.; Rivin, O.; Berant, Z.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Hu, J.] NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Halevy, I (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, POB 9001, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM halevyi@caltech.edu; sbeck@bgu.ac.il NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9707-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 362FF UT WOS:000260182900009 ER PT J AU Schubert, G Anderson, JD Travis, BJ Palguta, J AF Schubert, Gerald Anderson, John D. Travis, Bryan J. Palguta, Jennifer TI Enceladus: Present internal structure and differentiation by early and long-term radiogenic heating SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE enceladus; interiors; Saturn; satellites ID CHONDRITE PARENT BODIES; GRAVITY-FIELD; SATURNIAN SYSTEM; TRACKING DATA; SATELLITES; WATER; EVOLUTION; ASTEROIDS; SPACECRAFT; NEBULA AB Pre-Cassini images of Saturn's small icy moon Encelaclus provided the first indication that this satellite has undergone extensive resurfacing and tectonism. Data returned by the Cassini spacecraft have proven Encelaclus to be one of the most geologically dynamic bodies in the Solar System. Given that the diameter of Enceladus is only about 500 km, this is a surprising discovery and has made Enceladus an object of much interest. Determining Enceladus' interior structure is key to understanding its current activity. Here we use the mean density of Enceladus (as determined by the Cassini mission to Saturn), Cassini observations of endogenic activity on Enceladus, and numerical simulations of Enceladus' thermal evolution to infer that this satellite is most likely a differentiated body with a large rock-metal core of radius about 150 to 170 km surrounded by a liquid water-ice shell. With a silicate mass fraction of 50% or more, long-term radiogenic heating alone might melt most of the ice in a homogeneous Enceladus after about 500 Myr assuming an initial accretion temperature of about 200 K, no subsolidus convection of the ice, and either a surface temperature higher than at present or a porous, insulating surface. Short-lived radioactivity, e.g., the decay of Al-26, would melt all of the ice and differentiate Encelaclus within a few million years of accretion assuming formation of Enceladus at a propitious time prior to the decay of Al-26. Long-lived radioactivity facilitates tidal heating as a source of energy for differentiation by warming the ice in Enceladus so that tidal deformation can become effective. This could explain the difference between Enceladus and Mimas. Mimas, with only a small rock fraction, has experienced relatively little long-term radiogenic heating; it has remained cold and stiff and less susceptible to tidal heating despite its proximity to Saturn and larger eccentricity than Enceladus. It is shown that the shape of Enceladus is not that of a body in hydrostatic equilibrium at its present orbital location and rotation rate. The present shape could be an equilibrium shape corresponding to a time when Enceladus was closer to Saturn and spinning more rapidly, or more likely, to a time when Enceladus was spinning more rapidly at its present orbital location. A liquid water layer on Enceladus is a possible Source for the plume in the south polar region assuming the survivability of such a layer to the present. These results could place Enceladus in a category similar to the large satellites of Jupiter, with the core having a rock-metal composition similar to Io, and with a deep overlying ice shell similar to Europa and Ganymede. Indeed, the moment of inertia factor of a differentiated Enceladus, C/M R-2, could be as small as that of Ganymede, about 0.31. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Global Aerosp Corp, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schubert, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 595 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM schubert@ucla.edu NR 46 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 9 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2007 VL 188 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.012 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171AN UT WOS:000246707400006 ER PT J AU Green, DD AF Green, Daryl D. TI Leading others while supporting organizational values SO IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Oak Ridge Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Green, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Oak Ridge Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM GreenDD@oro.doe.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0097 J9 IEEE TECHNOL SOC MAG JI IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1109/MTAS.2007.371277 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 179JK UT WOS:000247285600004 ER PT J AU Friedrich, S Drury, OB Yuan, S Szupryczynski, P Spurrier, MA Melcher, CL AF Friedrich, Stephan Drury, Owen B. Yuan, Shaopang Szupryczynski, Piotr Spurrier, Merry A. Melcher, Charles L. TI A 36-pixel tunnel junction soft x-ray spectrometer for scintillator material science SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cerium activators; oxidation states; superconducting tunnel junctions; superconducting X-ray detectors; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB We have built a 36-pixel superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) spectrometer for high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy at the synchrotron. It has an energy resolution between similar to 10 and similar to 20 eV FWHM for X-ray energies below similar to 1 keV, and can be operated at maximum total count rates of similar to 10(6) counts/s. For increased sensitivity, we have modified the detector cold finger the so that the array now subtends a solid angle of Omega/4 pi approximate to 0.1%. The spectrometer is currently used at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron for speciation measurements of dilute samples by fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We present measurements of the oxidation state of dilute cerium activators in novel scintillator materials, determine the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio, and discuss the sensitivity of the instrument for quantitative speciation measurements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Siemens Med Solut Mol Imaging, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Scintillat Mat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedrich1@Unl.gov; smrc@utk.edu RI Melcher, Charles/E-9818-2012; Yuan, Shaopeng/B-4343-2015; OI Melcher, Charles/0000-0002-4586-4764; Yuan, Shaopeng/0000-0001-9554-1325; Koschan, Merry/0000-0002-8686-8657 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1109/`TASC.2007.898725 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200065 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Kurter, C Ozdemir, M Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Hinks, DG AF Ozyuzer, L. Kurter, C. Ozdemir, M. Zasadzinski, J. F. Gray, K. E. Hinks, D. G. TI Spin polarized current injection through HgBr2 intercalated Bi2212 intrinsic Josephson junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-T-c superconductors; intrinsic Josephson junctions; pseudogap; spin polarized current; tunneling spectroscopy ID BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; QUASI-PARTICLE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTRA; GAP AB To investigate the effect of polarized current on tunneling characteristics of intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs), spin-polarized and spin-degenerate current have been injected through the c-axis of HgBr2 intercalated Bi2.1Sr1.5Ca1.4Cu2O8+delta (Bi2212) single crystals on which 10 x 10 mu m(2) mesas have been fabricated. These two spin conditions are achieved by depositing either Au (15 nm)/Co (80 nm)/Au (156 nm) multilayers or single An film on HgBr2 intercalated Bi2212 with T-c = 74 K followed by photolithography and Ar ion beam etching. The I-V characteristics have been measured with and without a magnetic field parallel to c-axis at 4.2 K. A fine, soft An wire is used to make a gentle mechanical contact on the top of a particular mesa in the array. Tunneling conductance characteristics were obtained and the magnetic field dependence of sumgap voltage peaks was investigated. These peaks do not change in position with increasing magnetic field for both contact configurations. In addition, the temperature dependence of tunneling characteristics of the lJJs are obtained and existence of pseudogap feature is observed above T-c for HgBr2 intercalated Bi2212. C1 Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Gulbahce Campus, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. EM ozyuzer@iyte.edu.tr RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898651 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200117 ER PT J AU Dreyer, JG Arnold, K Lanting, TM Dobbs, MA Friedrich, S Lee, AT Spieler, HG AF Dreyer, Jonathan G. Arnold, Kam Lanting, Trevor M. Dobbs, Matt A. Friedrich, Stephan Lee, Adrian T. Spieler, Helmuth G. TI Frequency-domain multiplexed readout for superconducting gamma-ray detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; SENSORS AB We are developing a frequency-multiplexed readout for arrays of high-resolution Gamma detectors based on superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs). Each sensor is part of an LCR resonant circuit and is biased at an identifying carrier frequency. Several carrier signals are added and amplified with a single SQUID preamplifier at 4 K. Gamma absorption modulates the amplitude of the carrier, and demodulation at room temperature retrieves the initial temperature evolution of the sensor. This multiplexing system has originally been developed to readout large arrays of bolometers for cosmic microwave background studies. To accommodate the faster Gamma-ray signals, its demodulator bandwidth is being extended to similar to 20 kHz to allow reading out up to eight TESs with a detector bandwidth of similar to 10 kHz. Here we characterize the system noise performance and show how this multiplexing scheme can be adapted to read out arrays of superconducting Gamma-ray detectors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreyer, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedrich1@llnl.gov; atl@physics.berkeley.edu; HGSpieler@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898249 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200131 ER PT J AU Cantor, R Hall, JA Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL AF Cantor, Robin Hall, J. Ad Matlachov, Andrei N. Volegov, Petr L. TI First-order planar superconducting quantum interference device gradiometers with long baseline SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LTS; MCG; SQUID gradiometers; SQUIDs ID RELAXATION OSCILLATION SQUID AB We have developed several types of low-T-c first-order planar gradiometers with long baselines ranging from 3.6 cm to 4 cm. Thin-film planar gradiometers are very attractive for measurements of the off-diagonal components of the magnetic field gradient tensor in noisy environments because of the high intrinsic balance that can be achieved with the precision photolithographic techniques used to fabricate these devices. The gradiometer pickup loops are series configured and connected to the input circuit of a dual-washer gradiometric dc SQUID. Series and parallel SQUID washer configurations have been investigated. For a given chip size , model calculations using a magnetic dipole point source and a distributed current dipole source show that gradiometer performance can be improved by increasing the size of the pickup loops at the expense of a small reduction of the baseline length. Based on these results, an improved planar gradiometer has been developed with 1.175 cm x 1.175 cm, square pickup loops integrated with a series-configured dual washer SQUID on a 1.2 cm x 4.8 cm chip. The white flux noise of the improved gradiometer with 3.6 cm baseline is as low as 2.4 mu Phi(0)/Hz(1/2) (rms), and the magnetic field sensitivity referred to one pickup loop is 0.63 nT/Phi(0). This results in a magnetic field gradient noise of 0.42 fT/cm - Hz(1/2). The gradiometers are operable unshielded in typical laboratory environments without losing lock. C1 STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp P 21, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cantor, R (reprint author), STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. EM rcantor@starcryo.com; ahall@starcryo.com; matlachov@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 672 EP 675 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898537 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200140 ER PT J AU Carr, C Matlachov, AN Sandin, H Espy, MA Kraus, RH AF Carr, Chris Matlachov, Andrei N. Sandin, Henrik Espy, Michelle A. Kraus, Robert H., Jr. TI Magnetic sensors for bioassay: HTS SQUIDs or GMRs? SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE bioassay; giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors; magnetic microparticles; superconducting quantum interference; devices (SQUIDs) ID MAGNETOMETERS; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper we compare the detection of magnetic microparticles by HTS SQUIDs and GMR sensors. Our prototype system uses a HTS SQUID array insulated/isolated from a nonmagnetic tube in which the sample flows at room temperature. This necessarily results in a liftoff between sensor and sample in the range of 2 mm. While HTS SQUIDs typically have an intrinsic noise sensitivity that is at least two orders of magnitude better than conventional GMR sensors (similar to 1 pT/root Hz for washer SQUIDs compared to similar to 100 pT/root Hz for the best commercial GMRs), the dipole like response of a magnetic microparticle in flow is such that this difference in noise performance can be compensated for by the reduction in standoff (order of 0.2 mm) when using a magnetoresistive sensor. Here we detail the two different approaches, present comparative results and discuss the relative merits of each setup. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carr, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM carr@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 808 EP 811 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897369 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200173 ER PT J AU Zotev, VS Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL Sandin, HJ Espy, MA Mosher, JC Urbaitis, AV Newman, SG Kraus, RH AF Zotev, Vadim S. Matlachov, Andrei N. Volegov, Petr L. Sandin, Henrik J. Espy, Michelle A. Mosher, John C. Urbaitis, Algis V. Newman, Shaun G. Kraus, Robert H., Jr. TI Multi-channel SQUID system for MEG and ultra-low-field MRI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE biomagnetism; MEG; SQUID; ULF MRI ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; RESONANCE AB A seven-channel system capable of performing both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) is described. The system consists of seven second-order SQUID gradiometers with 37 nun diameter and 60 mm baseline, having magnetic field resolution of 1.2-2.8fT/root Hz. It also includes four sets of coils for 2-D Fourier imaging with pre-polarization. The system's MEG performance was demonstrated by measurements of auditory evoked response. The system was also used to obtain a multi-channel 2-D image of a whole human hand at the measurement field of 46 microtesla with 3 by 3 mm resolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp Appl Modern Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zotev, VS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp Appl Modern Phys, P-21,MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vzotev@lanl.gov OI Urbaitis, Algis/0000-0002-8626-5987 NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 839 EP 842 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898198 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200181 ER PT J AU Kraus, RH Espy, MA Volegov, PL Matlachov, AN Mosher, JC Urbaitis, AV Zotev, VS AF Kraus, Robert H., Jr. Espy, Michelle A. Volegov, Petr L. Matlachov, Andrei N. Mosher, John C. Urbaitis, Algis V. Zotev, Vadim S. TI Toward SQUID-based direct measurement of neural currents by nuclear magnetic resonance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE biomagnetism; neural currents; SQUID; ultra-low field NMR ID FIELDS; NMR; MRI AB Modern high field (HF) MRI uses magnetic fields greater than 1.5 T to yield exquisite anatomical features. We have also seen an explosion in functional MRI in the last decade that measures hemodynamic responses that are ultimately sluggish (similar to one sec) and only indirectly related to electrophysiological processes. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a direct measure of the external fields generated by neuronal currents with exquisite temporal information.(less than one msec). Spatial localization, however, is inferred from modeling priors, making MEG "imaging" only indirect at best. Ultra low field (ULF) MRI has recently been demonstrated with 2-3 mm resolution using fields in the microtesla regime. While the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal at ULF is dramatically weaker than at HF, we acquired high signal-to-noise measurements for a variety of samples at ULF using SQUID technology. Several researchers have proposed that electrophysiological activity may interact with the nuclear spins in a volume of interest, causing measurable variations in the NMR signal. We have developed a new approach to directly measuring neuronal activity with SQUID-based ULF-NMR techniques based on the hypothesis that interactions between the spin population and neural activity in cortex can be dominated by resonant mechanisms unique to ULF. We have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of this approach via ULF-NMR using a single-channel SQUID system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kraus, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM espy@lanl.gov OI Urbaitis, Algis/0000-0002-8626-5987 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 854 EP 857 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897724 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200185 ER PT J AU Ricci, MC Xu, H Prozorov, R Zhuravel, AP Ustinov, AV Anlage, SM AF Ricci, Michael C. Xu, Hua Prozorov, Ruslan Zhuravel, Alexander P. Ustinov, Alexey V. Anlage, Steven M. TI Tunability of superconducting metamaterials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE left-handed; metamaterial; negative refraction; superconductivity ID HANDED TRANSMISSION-LINES; FREQUENCIES; RESONATORS AB Metamaterials are artificial structures with unique electromagnetic properties, such as relative dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability with values less than 1, or even negative. Because these properties are so sensitive to loss, we have developed metamaterials comprised of superconducting waveguides, wires, and split-ring resonators. An important requirement for applications of these metamaterials is the ability to tune the frequency at which the unique electromagnetic response occurs. In this paper we present three methods (unique to superconductors) to accomplish this tuning: temperature, dc magnetic field, and rf magnetic field. Data are shown for dc and rf magnetic field tuning of a single Nb split-ring resonator (SRR). It was found that the dc field tuning was hysteretic in the resonant frequency data, while the quality factor, Q, was less hysteretic. The rf power tuning showed no hysteresis, but. did show suppression of the Q at high power. Magneto-optical images reveal inhomogeneous magnetic vortex entry in the dc field tuning, and laser scanning photoresponse images for a YBa2Cu3O7-6 SRR reveals the current distribution in the rings. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconductiv Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61164 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys 3, D-91508 Erlangen, Germany. RP Ricci, MC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconductiv Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Xu, Hua/D-5217-2009; Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 NR 12 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 918 EP 921 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898535 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200200 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Feher, S Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Lizarazo, J Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Zlobin, AV AF Ferracin, P. Ambrosio, G. Barzi, E. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Feher, S. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Lizarazo, J. Lietzke, A. F. McInturff, A. D. Sabbi, G. L. Zlobin, A. V. TI Assembly and tests of SQ02, a Nb3Sn racetrack quadrupole magnet for LARP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LARP; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; MODEL QUADRUPOLE AB The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is developing Nb-3 Sn accelerator magnets for a possible LHC luminosity upgrade. As part of the LARP supporting R&D, a subscale racetrack quadrupole magnet (SQ) has been developed in order to provide a cost effective tool for technology development studies. The first magnet (SQ01), reported earlier, was tested as a proof-of-principle model that applied for the first time LBNL shell-based loading structure to Nb3 Sn racetrack coils in a quadrupole configuration. The new loading structure, pre-loaded with water-pressurized bladders and keys, provided predictable and controllable pre-stress to four subscale racetrack coils, both in the end region and across the straight section. A second magnet (SQ02) has been recently completed, with the goal of assessing the conductor performance and the influence of the coil axial support on training. SQ02 implements four new coils wound around aluminum bronze islands and instrumented with voltage taps and spot heaters, in order to monitor quench locations and propagation velocities. This paper reports the SQ02 test results, including magnet quench performance with respect to short sample expectations, training history, and quench locations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.1109/tasc.2007.898513 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600003 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Ambrosio, G Anerella, M Barzi, E Caspi, S Cheng, DW Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF Nobrega, AR Sabbi, GL Schmalzle, J Wanderer, PJ Zlobin, AV AF Ferracin, P. Ambrosio, G. Anerella, M. Barzi, E. Caspi, S. Cheng, D. W. Dietderich, D. R. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Lietzke, A. F. Nobrega, A. R. Sabbi, G. L. Schmalzle, J. Wanderer, P. J. Zlobin, A. V. TI Design and fabrication of a supporting structure for 3.6 m long Nb3Sn racetrack coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LARP; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets AB As part of the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP), three US national laboratories (BNL, FNAL, and LBNL) are currently engaged in the development of superconducting magnets for the LHC Interaction Regions (IR) beyond the current design. As a first step towards the development of long Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, a 3.6 m long structure, based on the LBNL Subscale Common-Coil Magnet design, will be fabricated, assembled, and tested with aluminum-plate "dummy coils". The structure features an aluminum shell pre-tensioned over iron yokes using pressurized bladders and locking keys (bladder and key technology). Pre-load homogeneity and mechanical responses are monitored with pressure sensitive films and strain gauges mounted on the aluminum shell and the dummy coils. The details of the design and fabrication are presented and discussed, and the expected mechanical behavior is analysed with finite element models. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1109/tasc.2007.898509 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600004 ER PT J AU Andreev, N Barzi, E Borissov, E Elementi, L Kashikhin, VS Lombardo, V Rusy, A Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Borissov, E. Elementi, L. Kashikhin, V. S. Lombardo, V. Rusy, A. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Development of rutherford-type cables for high field accelerator magnets at fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cabling machine; critical current degradation; Rutherford cable; superconducting strand ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT AB Fermilab's cabling facility has been upgraded to a maximum capability of 42 strands. This facility is being used to study the effect of cabling on the performance of the various strands, and for the development and fabrication of cables in support of the ongoing magnet R&D programs. Rutherford cables of various geometries, packing factors, with and without a stainless steel core, were fabricated out of Cu alloys, NbTi, Nb3Al, and various Nb3Sn strands. The parameters of the upgraded cabling machine and results of cable R&D efforts at Fermilab are reported. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andreev, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM andreev@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1109/tasc.2007.898441 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600005 ER PT J AU Nobrega, F Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Carcagno, R Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Yamada, R AF Nobrega, F. Zlobin, A. V. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Carcagno, R. Feher, S. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Novitski, I. Pischalnikov, Yu. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. TI Nb3Sn accelerator magnet technology scale up based on cos-theta coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high field dipole; Nb3Sn strands and cables; superconducting accelerator magnets; technology scale up ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; PIT STRANDS; FERMILAB; MODEL AB After successful testing of a 1 m long dipole mirror magnet and three dipole models based on two-layer Nb3Sn coils, Fermilab has started a Nb3Sn technology scale-up program using the dipole mirror design and the developed Nb3Sn coil fabrication technology based on the wind-and-react method. The scale-up will be performed in several steps starting from a 2 m long coil made of Powder-in-Tube (PIT) strand. This will be followed by 4 m long Nb3Sn coils made of PIT and RRP strands that will be fabricated into dipole mirror magnets and tested. This paper presents a summary of Fermilab's wind-and-react short model program. It includes details on the 2 m and 4 m long, 2 layer Nb3Sn dipole mirror magnet design, mechanical structure, and fabrication infrastructure. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nobrega, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nobrega@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1034 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898117 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600006 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Anerella, M Barzi, E Bossert, R Dietderich, D Feher, S Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Gourlay, S Kashikhin, VV Lietzke, A McInturff, A Muratore, J Nobrega, F Sabbi, GL Schmalzle, J Wanderer, P Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Anerella, M. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Dietderich, D. Feher, S. Ferracin, P. Ghosh, A. Gourlay, S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lietzke, A. McInturff, A. Muratore, J. Nobrega, F. Sabbi, G. L. Schmalzle, J. Wanderer, P. Zlobin, A. V. TI Design of Nb3Sn coils for LARP long magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LARP; long coils; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnet ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT AB The LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has a primary goal to develop, assemble, and test full size Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet models for a luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A major milestone in this development is to assemble and test, by the end of 2009, two 4 m-long quadrupole cold masses, which will be the first Nb3Sn accelerator magnet models approaching the length of real accelerator magnets. The design is based on the LARP Technological Quadrupoles (TQ), under development at FNAL and LBNL, with gradient higher than 200 T/m and aperture of 90 mm. The mechanical design will be chosen between two designs presently explored for the TQs: traditional collars and Al-shell based design (preloaded by bladders and keys). The fabrication of the first long quadrupole model is expected to start in the last quarter of 2007. Meanwhile the fabrication of 4 m-long racetrack coils started this year at BNL. These coils will be tested in an Al-shell based supporting structure developed at LBNL. Several challenges have to be addressed for the successful fabrication of long Nb3Sn coils. This paper presents these challenges with comments and solutions adopted or under study for these magnets. The coil design of these magnets, including conductor and insulation features, and quench protection studies are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM giorgioa@fnal.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1035 EP 1038 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897289 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600007 ER PT J AU Sabbi, G Andreev, N Caspi, S Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Kashikhin, V Lietzke, A McInturff, A Novitski, I Zlobin, A AF Sabbi, GianLuca Andreev, Nikolai Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel Ferracin, Paolo Ghosh, Arup Kashikhin, Vadim Lietzke, A. McInturff, Alfred Novitski, Igor Zlobin, Alexander TI Design studies of Nb3Sn high-gradient quadrupole models for LARP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE final focus quadrupoles; Nb3Sn; superconducting accelerator magnets ID LHC; MAGNET AB Insertion quadrupoles with large aperture and high gradient are required to achieve the luminosity upgrade goal of 10(35) cm(-2) s(-1) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2004, the US Department of Energy established the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) to develop a technology base for the upgrade. Nb3Sn conductor is required in order to operate at high field and with sufficient temperature margin. We report here on the conceptual design studies of a series of I m long "High-gradient Quadrupoles" (HQ) that will explore the magnet performance limits in terms of peak fields, forces and stresses. The HQ design is expected to provide coil peak fields of more than 15 T, corresponding to gradients above 300 T/m in a 90 rum bore. Conductor requirements, magnetic, mechanical and quench protection issues for candidate HQ designs will be presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sabbi, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM glsabbi@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1051 EP 1054 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897292 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600011 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Yonehara, K Johnson, RP Andreev, N Novitski, I Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Yonehara, K. Johnson, R. P. Andreev, N. Novitski, I. Zlobin, A. V. TI Superconducting magnet system for muon beam cooling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE helical magnet; muon cooling; solenoid; superconducting magnet AB A helical cooling channel has been proposed to quickly reduce the six-dimensional phase space of union beams for muon colliders, neutrino factories, and intense muon sources. A novel superconducting magnet system for a muon beam cooling experiment is being designed at Fermilab. The inner volume of the cooling channel is filled with liquid helium where passing muon beam can be decelerated and cooled in a process of ionization energy loss. The magnet parameters are optimized to match the momentum of the beam as it slows down. The results of 3D magnetic analysis for two designs of magnet system, mechanical and quench protection considerations are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov; roljohn@aol.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1055 EP 1058 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898393 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600012 ER PT J AU Novitski, I Zlobin, AV AF Novitski, Igor Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Thermal analysis of SC quadrupoles in accelerator interaction regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE interaction region; operation margin; quench limit; superconducting quadrupole; temperature margin; thermal analysis ID NB3SN; PROGRAM; MODEL AB This paper presents results of a thermal analysis and operation margin calculation performed for NbTi and Nb3Sn low-beta quadrupoles in collider interaction regions. Results of the thermal analysis for NbTi quadrupoles are compared with the relevant experimental data. An approach to quench limit measurements for Nb3Sn quadrupoles is discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Novitski, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM novitski@fnal.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1059 EP 1062 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898532 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600013 ER PT J AU Velev, GV Bauer, P DiMarco, J Hanft, R Lamm, M Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC AF Velev, G. V. Bauer, P. DiMarco, J. Hanft, R. Lamm, M. Schlabach, P. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. TI Measurements of the persistent current decay and snapback effect in Tevatron dipole magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE magnetic field measurements; super-conducting; accelerator magnets AB A systematic study of the persistent current decay and snapback effect in the fields of Tevatron accelerator dipoles was performed at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility (MTF). The decay and snapback were measured under a range of conditions including variations of the current ramp parameters and magnet operational history. The study has mostly focused on the dynamic behavior of the normal sextupole component. In addition, the paper presents the persistent current effects observed in the other allowed field harmonics as well. The results provide new information about the previously observed "excess" decay during the first several seconds of the sextupole decay during injection and the correlation between the snapback amplitude and its duration. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Velev, GV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1108 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899973 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600022 ER PT J AU Velev, GV Bossert, R Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Kerby, J Lamm, M Orris, D Schlabach, P Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV AF Velev, G. V. Bossert, R. Carcagno, R. DiMarco, J. Feher, S. Kashikhin, V. V. Kerby, J. Lamm, M. Orris, D. Schlabach, P. Strait, J. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. Zlobin, A. V. TI Magnetic field measurements of LHC inner triplet quadrupoles fabricated at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE magnetic field measurements; super-conducting accelerator magnets ID INTERACTION REGIONS; BUILT MODELS; QUALITY AB Fermilab, as part of the US-LHC Accelerator Project, is producing superconducting low-beta quadrupole magnets for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These 5.5 m long magnets are designed to operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a nominal gradient of 205 T/m in the 70 mm bore. Two quadrupoles separated by a dipole orbit corrector in a single cryogenic assembly comprise the Q2 optical elements of the final focus triplets in the LHC interaction regions. The field quality of the quadrupoles is measured at room temperature during construction of the cold masses as well as during cold testing of the cryogenic assembly. We summarize data from the series measurements of the magnets and discuss various topics of interest. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Velev, GV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1109 EP 1112 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899977 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600023 ER PT J AU DiMarco, J Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nicol, T Page, T Pfund, P Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G AF DiMarco, J. Kerby, J. Lamm, M. J. Nicol, T. Page, T. Pfund, P. Schlabach, P. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. Velev, G. TI Alignment and strength measurements of the LHC interaction region quadrupole magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE alignment; magnetic field measurement; superconducting accelerator magnets ID FERMILAB AB Production and testing of the high-gradient superconducting quadrupole magnets developed by the US-LHC Accelerator Project is being completed. The production process included relative alignment of the two MQXB cold masses of the LQXB in a single cryostat, alignment of corrector magnet assemblies supplied by CERN on each of the triplet elements, and final magnet alignment for transfer to cryostat fiducials. Additionally, all LQXB magnets and one each of the LQXA and LQXC have had alignment measurements at Fermilab's Magnet Test Facility (MTF) during cryogenic testing. This paper gives an overview and summary of the available alignment and strength data taken with the Single Stretched Wire (SSW) system for the LQX magnets. Warm-to-cold changes in alignment parameters are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP DiMarco, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dimarco@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1113 EP 1116 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897838 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600024 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Dietderich, D Gourlay, PFSA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, R Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Ghosh, A Andreev, AN Barzi, E Bossert, R Kashikhin, VV Novitski, I Whitson, G Zlobin, AV AF Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. Gourlay, P. Ferracin S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, R. Lietzke, A. F. McInturff, A. D. Sabbi, G. L. Ghosh, A. Andreev, A. N. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Kashikhin, V. V. Novitski, I. Whitson, G. Zlobin, A. V. TI Fabrication and test of TQS01 - A 90 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet for LARP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LARP; Nb3Sn; superconducting quadrupole ID MODEL QUADRUPOLE; LHC IR; DESIGN AB In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, two models (TQS and TQC) with a 90-mm aperture are being constructed at LBNL and FNAL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). These models use two identical Nb3Sn coils but have different coil support structures. This paper describes the fabrication, assembly, cool-down and test of TQS01-a model based on key and bladder technology with supporting iron yoke and an aluminum shell. Comparison of the test measurements with design expectations is also reported. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1122 EP 1125 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899244 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600026 ER PT J AU Feher, S Bossert, RC Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Carcagno, R Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Nobrega, F Novitski, I Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Whitson, G Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Caspi, S Diettlerich, D Ferracin, P Hannaford, R Hafalia, AR Sabbi, G AF Feher, S. Bossert, R. C. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Carcagno, R. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Nobrega, F. Novitski, I. Pischalnikov, Yu. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Whitson, G. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Caspi, S. Diettlerich, D. Ferracin, P. Hannaford, R. Hafalia, A. R. Sabbi, G. TI Development, and test of LARP technological quadrupole (TQC) magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE collars; IR; LARP; LHC; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet; skin; yoke ID NB3SN MODEL QUADRUPOLE; LHC AB In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90 mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the construction and test of model TQC01. ANSYS calculations of the structure are compared with measurements during construction. Fabrication experience is described and in-process measurements are reported. Test results at 4.5 K are presented, including magnet training, current ramp rate studies and magnet quench current. Results of magnetic measurements at helium temperature are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 92740 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1126 EP 1129 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898420 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600027 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Ancrella, A Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Harrison, M Muratore, J Sampson, W Wanderer, P AF Gupta, R. Ancrella, A. Cozzolino, J. Escallier, J. Ganetis, G. Ghosh, A. Harrison, M. Muratore, J. Sampson, W. Wanderer, P. TI React and Wind Nb3Sn common coil dipole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnets; high field magnets; React & Wind technology; superconducting magnets ID FIELD; PROGRAM; STRAIN; BNL AB This paper presents a summary of the design, construction and test results of a common coil dipole DCC017 made using "React & Wind" Nb3Sn technology. It reached the computed short sample field of 10.2 T at 10.8 kA after a number of quenches. In order to build high field magnets with brittle pre-reacted superconductors one must develop magnet designs, tooling and construction techniques that keep conductor degradation due to bending and handling to a tolerable level. The successful construction and test of this magnet demonstrates that it is possible to design and build magnets in the 10 (plus) T range using "React & Wind" technology. The magnet is based on a 2-layer common coil design with a clear horizontal space of 31 mm. A unique feature of the design is a tall 338 mm clear vertical open space that can facilitate possible flat racetrack coil testing in a high background field without dis-assembling the magnet. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1130 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898139 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600028 ER PT J AU Wandere, P Ambrosio, G Anerella, M Barzi, E Bossert, R Cheng, D Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ferracin, P Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Gupta, RC Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Joshi, P Kovach, P Lietzke, AF Louie, W Marone, A McInturff, AD Muratore, J Nobrega, F Schmalzle, J Thomas, R Turrioni, D AF Wanderer, P. Ambrosio, G. Anerella, M. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Cheng, D. Cozzolino, J. Escallier, J. Ferracin, P. Ganetis, G. Ghosh, A. K. Gupta, R. C. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Joshi, P. Kovach, P. Lietzke, A. F. Louie, W. Marone, A. McInturff, A. D. Muratore, J. Nobrega, F. Schmalzle, J. Thomas, R. Turrioni, D. TI LARP long Nb3Sn racetrack coil program SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE LARP; Nb3Sn; racetrack; superconducting AB Development of high-performance Nb3Sn quadrupoles is one of the major goals of the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). As part of this program, long racetrack magnets are being made in order to check that the change in coil length that takes place during reaction is correctly accounted for in the quadrupole design and to check for length effects in implementing the "shell" method of coil support. To check the racetrack magnet manufacturing plan, a short racetrack magnet is being made. This magnet will be the first to use restack-rod process Nb3Sn, making it a "long sample" test vehicle for this new material. The paper reports the reaction and characterization of the Nb3Sn, and construction features and test results from the short racetrack magnet. The paper also reports on the status of the construction of the first long racetrack magnet. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wandere, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanderer@bnl.gov; giorgioa@fnal.gov; mda@bnl.gov; barzi@fnal.gov; bossert@fnal.gov; DWCheng@lbl.gov; cozz@bnl.gov; escallie@bnl.gov; PFerracin@lbl.gov; ganetis1@bnl.gov; ghosh1@bnl.gov; gupta@bnl.gov; rrhafalia@lbl.gov; RHannaford@lbl.gov; joshi@bnl.gov; kovach@bnl.gov; AFLietzke@lbl.gov; louie@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; ADMcInturff@lbl.gov; muratore@bnl.gov; nobrega@fnal.gov; schmalz1@bnl.gov; thomas1@bnl.gov; turrioni@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899984 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600030 ER PT J AU Felice, H Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mailfert, A Sabbi, G Vedrine, P AF Felice, Helene Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel R. Ferracin, Paolo Gourlay, Steve A. Hafalia, Aurelio R. Lietzke, Alan F. Mailfert, Alain Sabbi, GianLuca Vedrine, Pierre TI Design and test of a Nb3Sn subscale dipole magnet for training studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE dipole magnet; Nb3Sn; training ID QUADRUPOLE; HD1 AB As part of a collaboration between CEA/Saclay and the Superconducting Magnet Group at LBNL, a subscale dipole structure has been developed to study training in Nb3Sn coils under variable pre-stress conditions. This design is derived from the LBNL Subscale Magnet and relies on the use of identical Nb3Sn racetrack coils. Whereas the original LBNL subscale magnet was in a dual bore "common-coil" configuration, the new subscale dipole magnet (SD) is assembled as a single bore dipole made of two superposed racetrack coils. The dipole is supported by a new mechanical structure developed to withstand the horizontal and axial Lorentz forces and capable of applying variable vertical, horizontal-and axial preload. The magnet was tested at LBNL as part of a series of training studies aiming at understanding of the relation between pre-stress and magnet performance. Particular attention is given to the coil ends where the magnetic field peaks and stress conditions are the least understood. After a description of SD design, assembly, cool-down and tests results are reported and compared with the computations of the OPERA3D and ANSYS magnetic and mechanical models. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SACM LEAS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. LEM, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Felice, H (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SACM LEAS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM helene.felice@cea.fr NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1144 EP 1148 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898347 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600031 ER PT J AU Godeke, A Cheng, D Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Prestemon, SO Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM AF Godeke, A. Cheng, D. Dietderich, D. R. Ferracin, P. Prestemon, S. O. Sabbi, G. Scanlan, R. M. TI Limits of NbTi and Nb3Sn, and development of W&R Bi-2212 high field accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnet; Bi-2212; HTS ID CONDUCTORS; STRAIN AB NbTi accelerator dipoles are limited to magnetic fields (H) of about 10 T, due to an intrinsic upper critical field (H-c2) limitation of 14 T. To surpass this restriction, prototype Nb3Sn magnets are being developed which have reached 16 T. We show that Nb3Sn dipole technology is practically limited to 17 to 18 T due to insufficient high field pinning, and intrinsically to 20 to 22 T due to H-c2 limitations. Therefore, to obtain magnetic fields approaching 20 T and higher, a material is required with a higher H-c2 and sufficient high field pinning capacity. A realistic candidate for this purpose is Bi-2212, which is available in round wires and sufficient lengths for the fabrication of coils based on Rutherford-type cables. We initiated a program to develop the required technology to construct accelerator magnets from 'wind-and-react' (W&R) Bi-2212 coils. We outline the complications that arise through the use of Bi-2212, describe the development paths to address these issues, and conclude with the design of W&R Bi-2212 sub-scale magnets. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM agodeke@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1149 EP 1152 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898447 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600032 ER PT J AU McInturff, A Bish, P Blackburn, R Diaczenko, N Elliott, T Hafalia, R Henchel, W Jaisle, A Lau, W Lietzke, A McIntyre, P Noyes, P Sattarov, A AF McInturff, A. Bish, P. Blackburn, R. Diaczenko, N. Elliott, T. Hafalia, R., Jr. Henchel, W. Jaisle, A. Lau, W. Lietzke, A. McIntyre, P. Noyes, P. Sattarov, A. TI Test results of a Nb3Sn wind/react "Stress-Managed" block dipole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Nb3Sn; stress control; superconducting accelerator magnets; wind/react AB A second phase of a high field dipole technology development has been tested. A Nb3Sn block-coil model dipole was fabricated, using magnetic mirror geometry and wind/react coil technology. The primary objective of this phase was to make a first experimental test of the stress-management strategy pioneered at Texas A&M. In this strategy a high-strength support matrix is integrated with the windings to intercept Lorentz stress from the inner winding so that it does not accumulate in the outer winding. The magnet attained a field that was consistent with short sample limit on the first quench; there was no training. The decoupling of Lorentz stress between inner and outer windings was validated. In ramp rate studies the magnet exhibited a remarkable robustness in rapid ramping operation. It reached 85% of short sample(ss) current even while ramping 2-3 T/s. This robustness is attributed to the orientation of the Rutherford cables parallel to the field in the windings, instead of the transverse orientation that characterizes common dipole designs. Test results are presented and the next development phase plans are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McInturff, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM admcinturff@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1157 EP 1160 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898437 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600034 ER PT J AU Carcagno, R Dimarco, J Feher, S Ginsburg, CM Hess, C Kashikhin, VV Orris, DF Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, MA Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC Wokas, T AF Carcagno, R. Dimarco, J. Feher, S. Ginsburg, C. M. Hess, C. Kashikhin, V. V. Orris, D. F. Pischalnikov, Y. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. A. Terechkine, I. Tompkins, J. C. Wokas, T. TI Superconducting solenoid magnet test results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnet; magnetic field; mechanical stress; quench protection; superconducting solenoid AB Superconducting solenoid magnets suitable for the room temperature front end of the Fermilab High Intensity Neutrino Source (formerly known as Proton Driver), an 8 GeV superconducting H- linac, have been designed and fabricated at Fermilab, and tested in the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility. We report here results of studies on the first model magnets in this program, including the mechanical properties during fabrication and testing in liquid helium at 4.2 K, quench performance, and magnetic field measurements. We also describe new test facility systems and instrumentation that have been developed to accomplish these tests. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carcagno, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tartaglia@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1213 EP 1216 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899885 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600047 ER PT J AU Davis, G Kashikhin, VV Page, T Terechkine, I Tompkins, J Wokas, T AF Davis, G. Kashikhin, V. V. Page, T. Terechkine, I. Tompkins, J. Wokas, T. TI Designing focusing solenoids for superconducting RF accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnets; design methodology; magnetic analysis; protection; solenoids AB The design of a focusing solenoid for use in a superconducting RF linac requires resolving a range of problems with conflicting requirements. Providing the required focusing strength contradicts the goal of minimizing the stray field on the surfaces of adjacent superconducting RF cavities. The requirement of a compact solenoid, able to fit into a gap between cavities, contradicts the need of mechanical support necessary to restrain electromagnetic forces that can result in coil motion and subsequent quenching. In this report we will attempt to address these and other issues arising during the development of focusing solenoids. Some relevant test data will also be presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Davis, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM terechki@fnal.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1221 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899891 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600049 ER PT J AU Yang, SQ Baynham, DE Fabricatore, P Farinon, S Green, MA Ivanyushenkov, Y Lau, WW Maldavi, SM Virostek, SP Witte, H AF Yang, S. Q. Baynham, D. E. Fabricatore, P. Farinon, S. Green, M. A. Ivanyushenkov, Y. Lau, W. W. Maldavi, S. M. Virostek, S. P. Witte, H. TI The physical connection and magnetic coupling of the MICE cooling channel magnets and. the magnet forces for various MICE operating modes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE magnetic force; superconducting solenoids AB A key issue in the construction of the MICE cooling channel is the magnetic forces between various elements in the cooling channel and the detector magnets. This report describes how the MICE cooling channel magnets are hooked to together so that the longitudinal magnetic forces within the cooling channel can be effectively connected to the base of the experiment. This report presents a magnetic force and stress analysis for the MICE cooling channel magnets, even when longitudinal magnetic forces as large as 700 kN (70 tons) are applied to the vacuum vessel of various magnets within the MICE channel. This report also shows that the detector magnets can be effectively separated from the central MICE cooling channel magnets without damage to either type of magnet component. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM MAGreen@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1225 EP 1228 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899694 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600050 ER PT J AU Dietderich, DR Godeke, A Prestemon, S Pipersky, PT Liggins, NL Higley, HC Marks, S Schlueter, RD AF Dietderich, Daniel R. Godeke, Arno Prestemon, Soren Pipersky, Paul T. Liggins, Nate L. Higley, Hugh C. Marks, Steve Schlueter, Ross D. TI Fabrication of a short-period Nb3Sn superconducting undulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Nb3Sn; superconducting undulator ID STRAND AB Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory develops high-field Nb3Sn magnets for HEP applications. In. the past few years, this experience has been extended to the design and fabrication of undulator magnets. Some undulator applications require devices that can operate in the presence of a heat load from a beam. The use of Nb3Sn permits operation of a device at both a marginally higher temperature (5-8 K) and a higher J(c), compared to NbTi devices, without requiring a larger magnetic gap. A half-undulator device consisting of 6 periods (12 coil packs) of 14.5 mm period was designed, wound, reacted, potted and tested. It reached the short sample current limit of 717 A in 4 quenches. The non-Cu J(c) of the strand was over 7,600 A/mm(2) and the Cu current density at quench was over 8,000 A/mm(2). Magnetic field models show that if a complete device was fabricated with the same parameters one could obtain beam fields of 1.1 T and 1.6 T for pole gaps of 8 mm and 6 mm, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Supercouducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dietderich, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Supercouducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM drdi-etderich@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1243 EP 1246 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897747 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600054 ER PT J AU Green, MA Chen, CY Juang, T Lau, WW Taylor, C Virostek, SP Wahrer, R Wang, ST Witte, H Yang, SQ AF Green, M. A. Chen, C. Y. Juang, T. Lau, W. W. Taylor, C. Virostek, S. P. Wahrer, R. Wang, S. T. Witte, H. Yang, S. Q. TI The design parameters for the MICE tracker solenoid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE muon cooling; superconducting solenoids ID THERMAL DESIGN; MAGNET AB The first superconducting magnets to be installed in the union ionization cooling experiment (MICE) will be the tracker solenoids. The tracker solenoid module is a five coil superconducting solenoid with a 400 mm diameter warm bore that is used to provide a 4 T magnetic field for the experiment tracker module. Three of the coils are used to produce a uniform field (up to 4 T with better than 1 percent uniformity) in a region that is 300 mm in diameter and 1000 mm long. The other two coils are used to match the union beam into the MICE cooling channel. Two 2.94-meter long superconducting tracker solenoid modules have been ordered for MICE. The tracker solenoid will be cooled using two-coolers that produce 1.5 W each at 4.2 K. The magnet system is described. The decisions that drive the magnet design will be discussed in this report. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wang NMR, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MAGreen@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1247 EP 1250 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.900989 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600055 ER PT J AU Yang, SQ Green, MA Lau, WW Senanayake, RS Strauss, B Witte, H AF Yang, S. Q. Green, M. A. Lau, W. W. Senanayake, R. S. Strauss, B. Witte, H. TI The cold mass support system and the helium cooling system for the MICE focusing solenoid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cooling; superconducting solenoids ID MAGNET AB The heart of the absorber focus coil (AFC) module for the muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is the two-coil superconducting solenoid that surrounds the muon absorber. The superconducting magnet focuses the muons that are cooled using ionization cooling, in order to improve the efficiency of cooling. The coils of the magnet may either be run in the solenoid mode (both coils operate at the same polarity) or the gradient (the coils operate at opposite polarity). The AFC magnet cold mass support system is designed to carry a longitudinal force up to 700 kN. The AFC module will be cooled using three pulse tube coolers that produce 1.5 W of cooling at 4.2 K. One of the coolers will be used to cool the liquid (hydrogen or helium) absorber used for ionization cooling. The other two coolers will cool the superconducting solenoid. This report will describe the MICE AFC magnet. The cold mass supports will be discussed. The reasons for using a pulsed tube cooler to cool this superconducting magnet will also be discussed. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Yang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM MAGreen@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1251 EP 1254 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899693 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600056 ER PT J AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, Ramesh TI Modular design and modular program for high gradient quadrupoles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnets; quadrupoles; racetrack coil magnets; react & wind technology; superconducting magnets ID MAGNET AB A Modular Design and Modular Program is introduced here for high gradient quadrupoles. The proposed quadrupole design is based on simple flat racetrack coil modules. Even though many high gradient quadrupole designs using flat racetrack coils have been considered earlier, they have not been able to generate the same maximum quench gradient as produced in conventional cosine (two) theta designs. The proposed Modular Design is able to overcome those limitations. In addition, a systematic, flexible and cost-effective Modular R&D Program is also proposed that can be used in developing both high gradient quadrupoles and a variety of high field dipoles. A rapid turn around magnet R&D program based on flat racetrack coils has been found very useful and efficient in the past. Since the proposed Modular Design is based on simple flat racetrack coils with large bend radii, it offers good likelihood of success in both React & Wind and Wind & React technology for building magnets with brittle superconductors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Bldg 902A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1273 EP 1276 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898141 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600061 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Campisi, IE AF Kim, Sang-ho Campisi, Isidoro E. TI Optimization of pulsed operation of the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities at the spallation neutron source (SNS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE operating frequency; operating temperature; pulsed operation; superconducting radio-frequency cavity AB In order to address the optimization in a pulsed operation, a systematic computational analysis has been made in comparison with operational experiences in superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). From the analysis it appears that the SNS SRF cavities can be operated at temperatures higher than 2.1 K, a fact resulting from both the pulsed nature of the superconducting cavities, the specific configuration of the existing cryogenic plant and the operating frequency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimsh@ornl.gov; campisiiel@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1277 EP 1280 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898973 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600062 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Baars, D Zamiri, A Antonie, C Bauer, P Bieler, TR Pourboghrat, F Compton, C Grimm, TL AF Jiang, H. Baars, D. Zamiri, A. Antonie, C. Bauer, P. Bieler, T. R. Pourboghrat, F. Compton, C. Grimm, T. L. TI Mechanical properties of high RRR niobium with different texture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high purity niobium; mechanical properties; SRF cavity; texture AB High purity bulk niobium (RRR similar to 300) is the standard material used for SRF cavities since this has been the most promising material for over 10 years. Mechanical properties of the high RRR niobium play a critical role in the physical integrity of these structures. It is well known that the mechanical properties of polycrystalline high RRR niobium are affected by a variety of possible contributors: crystallographic texture, grain size, and impurity concentration. Tensile tests were carried out using three groups of niobium samples from MSU SRF cavity and Fermi International Linear Collider projects with different texture and grain size, which came from two different manufacturers. For some of the groups the tensile tests were done with different orientations with respect to the sheet. Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) data were collected in these samples. The relationships between mechanical properties, texture, and grain size in these samples are analyzed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jiangha4@msu.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1291 EP 1294 DI 10.1109/tasc.2007.898463 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600065 ER PT J AU Baars, D Jiang, H Bieler, T Compton, C Bauer, P Grimm, T AF Baars, D. Jiang, H. Bieler, T. Compton, C. Bauer, P. Grimm, T. TI Crystal orientations near welds in high RRR niobium with very large grains SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator cavities; electron beam weld; niobium; recrystallization AB Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made of single crystal niobium are under development for use in charged particle accelerators. Use of single crystals may simplify manufacturing and reduce cost, as well as improve properties over the currently used fine grain niobium material. However, the processes of forming by deep drawing, and subsequent welding of the formed parts to assemble the cavity, might lead to recrystallization in regions of high strain or curvature near the weld. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) was used to assess these possibilities in some preliminary experiments. A sample of single crystal niobium strip was arbitrarily bent and electron beam (EB) heated across one end to simulate welding. The bent sample had no more than 14% strain, and it did not exhibit definitive recrystallization near or away from the EB heated area. Another sample was prepared by halving a large grain niobium bicrystal across the boundary,of two grains, flipping one half and EB welding the halves back together, such that the weld had three different grain misorientations along its length, including two triple points. There was no formation of new orientations along the weld where it joined two crystal orientations. However, some new orientations solidified where the weld encountered three different grain orientations. This preliminary data is encouraging, suggesting that minimal generation of new grain orientations during EB welding may be practical. However, more work with different orientations and strains is needed to determine how tolerant Nb is for maintaining a flat solidification interface and resisting recrystallization. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Baars, D (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM baarsder@msu.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1295 EP 1298 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898014 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600066 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Campisi, IE AF Kim, Sang-ho Campisi, Isidoro E. TI Commissioning of the superconducting Linac at the spallation neutron source (SNS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE neutron source; particle accelerator; proton beam; pulsed operation; superconducting radio-frequency AB The use of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities in particle accelerator is becoming more widespread. Among the projects that make use of that technology is the Spallation Neutron Source, where H-ions are accelerated to about 1 GeV, mostly making use of niobium elliptical cavities. SNS will use the accelerated short (about 700 ns) sub-bunches of protons to generate neutrons by spallation, which will in turn allow probing structural and magnetic properties of new and existing materials. The SNS superconducting linac is the largest application of RF superconductivity to come on-line in the last decade. The SRF cavities, operated at 805 MHz, were designed, built and integrated into cryomodules at Jefferson Lab and installed and tested at SNS. SNS is also the first proton-like accelerator which uses SRF cavities in a pulse mode. Many of the details of the cavity performance are peculiar to this mode of operation, which is also being applied to lepton accelerators (TESLA Test Facility and X-FEL at DESY and the International Linear Collider Project). Thanks to the low frequency of the SNS superconducting cavities, operation at 4.2 K has been possible without beam energy degradation, even though the cavities and cryogenic systems were originally designed for 2.1 K operation. The testing of the superconducting cavities, the operating experience with beam and the performance of the superconducting linac will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimsh@ornl.gov; campisiiel@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1299 EP 1304 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897857 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600067 ER PT J AU Aizaz, A Bauer, P Grimm, TL Wright, NT Antoine, CZ AF Aizaz, Ahmad Bauer, Pierre Grimm, Terry L. Wright, Neil T. Antoine, Claire Z. TI Measurements of thermal conductivity and Kapitza conductance of niobium for SRF cavities for various treatments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Kapitza conductance; niobium; phonon peak; plastic deformations; superconducting accelerator cavities; superconducting materials; surface treatment; thermal conductivity AB Niobium is the material of choice for making the superconducting radio frequency cavities used in present-day accelerators for the acceleration of charged particles. In order to achieve high accelerating gradients for future accelerators such as the Linear Collider, thermal limitations in Nb cavities play an important role. The effects of plastic deformations due to applied strains on thermal conductivity of Nb in phonon transmission regime as well as on its kapitza conductance have been studied. The study reveals absence of the phonon peak due to applied strains beyond the elastic limits of the Nb metal as well as reduced Kapitza conductance. This resulted in almost 80% reduction in thermal conductivity of the niobium at 2 K. Low temperature annealing did not recover the phonon peak as was seen before the application of plastic deformations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Aizaz, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM aizazahm@msu.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1310 EP 1313 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897855 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600069 ER PT J AU Yoon, KE Seidman, DN Bauer, P Boffo, C Antoine, C AF Yoon, Kevin E. Seidman, David N. Bauer, Pierre Boffo, Christian Antoine, Claire TI Atomic-scale chemical-analyses of niobium for superconducting radio-frequency cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE atom-probe tomography (APT); niobium; oxygen; superconducting accelerator cavities ID PROBE; ACCELERATORS AB The key technology for the linear collider is the high gradient superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity, approximately 20,000 of which will make up the accelerator. The preferred technology is to make the cavities from high-purity niobium-sheet. From the RF superconductivity point-of-view, the interface between the native niobium oxide on the surface of the cavity and near sub-surface region is the most important one. Superconducting properties of cavities depend on the chemistry and microstructure of the surface oxide and the concentration and location of impurity elements. Little is known, however, about this information and the effect of low-temperature baking on the surface region. Atom-probe tomography (APT) provides chemical information of the analysed materials on an atomic scale utilizing time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, with the field evaporation of materials permitting atom-by-atom dissection. We employ a 3-D local-electrode atom-probe (LEAP) tomography to analyse the chemistry of niobium tips, from the surface niobium oxide to underlying bulk niobium. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NUCAPT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yoon, KE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM megabass@northwestern.edu; d-seidman@northwestern.edu; pierre.bauer@efda.org; crboffo@fnal.gov; cantoine@fnal.gov RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898059 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600070 ER PT J AU Khabiboulline, T Cooper, C Edwards, H Foley, M Gonin, I Mitchell, D Olis, D Rowe, A Salman, T Solyak, N AF Khabiboulline, Timergali Cooper, Charlie Edwards, Helen Foley, Mike Gonin, Ivan Mitchell, Donald Olis, D. Rowe, Allan Salman, Tariq Solyak, Nikolay TI Production and test results of superconducting 3.9-GHz accelerating cavity at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE coupler; multipactor; superconducting accelerator cavities; testing AB The 3rd harmonic 3.9 GHz accelerating cavity was proposed to improve beam performances for TTF-FEL facility. In the frame of collaboration Fermilab will provide DESY with a cryomodule containing a string of four cavities. In addition, a second cryomodule with one cavity will be fabricated for installation in the Fermilab photo-injector, which will be upgraded for the International Linear Collider (ILC) accelerator test facility. In this paper we will discuss the status of the cavity and coupler production and the first result of cavity tests. It is hoped that this project will be completed during the first half of 2007 and the cryomodule delivered to DESY in this time span. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Khabiboulline, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM khabibul@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1318 EP 1321 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898975 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600071 ER PT J AU Apollinari, G Gonin, I Khabiboulline, T Lanfranco, G McConologue, F Romanov, G Wagner, R AF Apollinari, G. Gonin, I. Khabiboulline, T. Lanfranco, G. McConologue, F. Romanov, G. Wagner, R. TI Design of 325 MHz single and triple spoke resonators at FNAL SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE power coupler; slow tuner; spoke resonator; superconductivity AB The proposed 8-GeV driver at FNAL is based on approximately 400 independently phased superconducting resonators. In this paper the design of 325 MHz Spoke Resonators, two single spoke resonators (beta = 0.21 and beta = 0.4) and a triple spoke resonator (beta = 0.62), for the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) front end is presented. We describe the optimization of the spoke resonator geometry, the goal being to minimize the E-PEAK/E-ACC and B-PEAK/E-ACC ratios. We report on the coupled ANSYS-MWS analysis on the resonator mechanical properties and power coupler RF design. The current status of mechanical design and slow tuning mechanism are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM giobatta@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1322 EP 1325 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897303 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600072 ER PT J AU Boffo, C Bauer, P Foley, M Antoine, C Cooper, C Brinkmann, A AF Boffo, Cristian Bauer, Pierre Foley, Mike Antoine, C. Cooper, C. Brinkmann, Arne TI Eddy current scanning of niobium for SRF cavities at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE eddy current scanning; ILC; niobium; SRF; cavities AB In the framework of SRF cavity development, Fermilab is creating the infrastructure needed for the characterization of the material used in the cavity fabrication. An important step in the characterization of "as received" niobium sheets is eddy current scanning. Eddy current scanning is a non-destructive technique first adopted and further developed by DESY with the purpose of checking the cavity material for sub-surface defects and inclusions. Fermilab has received and further upgraded a commercial eddy current scanner previously used for the SNS project. This scanner is now used daily to scan the niobium sheets for the Fermilab third harmonic, the ILC, and the Proton Driver cavities. After optical inspection, more than 400 squares and disks have been scanned and when necessary checked at the optical and electron microscopes, anodized, or measured with profilometers looking for surface imperfections that might limit the performance of the cavities. This paper gives a status report on the scanning results obtained so far, including a discussion of the classification of signals being detected. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Boffo, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM crboffo@fnal.gov; pbauer@efda.org; foleymh@fnal.gov; cantoine@fnal.gov; ccooper@fnal.gov; arne.brinkmann@desy.de NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1326 EP 1329 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899836 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600073 ER PT J AU Tajima, T Canabal, A Zhao, Y Romanenko, A Moeckly, BH Nantista, CD Tantawi, S Phillips, L Iwashita, Y Campisi, IE AF Tajima, Tsuyoshi Canabal, Alberto Zhao, Yue Romanenko, Alexander Moeckly, Brian H. Nantista, Christopher D. Tantawi, Sami Phillips, Larry Iwashita, Yoshihisa Campisi, Isidoro E. TI MgB2 for application to RF cavities for accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE co-evaporation; MgB2 particle accelerators; PLD; superconducting RF cavities ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; IN-SITU GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; SURFACE-RESISTANCE; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; YBA2CU3O7-X AB Magnesium diboride (MgB2) has a transition temperature (T-c) of similar to 40 K, i.e., about 4 times as high as that of niobium (Nb). We have been evaluating MgB2 as a candidate material for radio-frequency (RF) cavities for future particle accelerators. Studies in the last 3 years have shown that it could have about one order of magnitude less RF surface resistance (R-s) than Nb at 4 K. A power dependence test using a 6 GHz TE011 mode cavity has shown little power dependence up to similar to 12 mT (120 Oe), limited by available power, compared to other high-T-c materials such as YBCO. A recent study showed, however, that the power dependence of R-s is dependent on the coating method. A film made with on-axis pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has showed rapid increase in R-s compared to the film deposited by reactive evaporation method. This paper shows these results as well as future plans. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. J Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kyoto ICR, Uji 611, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tajima@lanl.gov; acanabal@lanl.gov; yz70@uow.edu.au; osr2@cornell.edu; bmoeckly@suptech.com; nantista@slac.stanford.edu; tantawi@slac.stanford.edu; phillips@jlab.org; iwashita@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; campisiie1@oml.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Zhao, Yue/C-1739-2014 OI Zhao, Yue/0000-0001-8925-9462 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1330 EP 1333 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600074 ER PT J AU Zanino, R Astrov, M Bagnasco, M Baker, W Bellina, F Ciazynski, D Egorov, S Kim, K Kvitkovic, JL Lacroix, B Martovetsky, N Mitchell, N Muzzi, L Nunoya, Y Okuno, K Polak, M Ribani, PL Salpietro, E Richard, LS Sborchia, C Takahashi, Y Weng, P Wesche, R Zani, L Zapretilina, E AF Zanino, R. Astrov, M. Bagnasco, M. Baker, W. Bellina, F. Ciazynski, D. Egorov, S. Kim, K. Kvitkovic, J. L. Lacroix, B. Martovetsky, N. Mitchell, N. Muzzi, L. Nunoya, Y. Okuno, K. Polak, M. Ribani, P. L. Salpietro, E. Richard, L. Savoldi Sborchia, C. Takahashi, Y. Weng, P. Wesche, R. Zani, L. Zapretilina, E. TI Predictive analysis of the ITER Poloidal Field Conductor Insert (PFCI) test program SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE fusion reactors; ITER; modeling; superconducting magnets ID IN-CONDUIT CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES; SHORT-SAMPLE; THELMA CODE; AC LOSSES; STABILITY; PERFORMANCE; MODEL AB In this paper we discuss the predictive analysis performed in support of the test program of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Poloidal Field Conductor Insert (PFCI). A subset of the test program items was considered, with particular emphasis on DC performance and AC losses. The results and implications of the comparison of selected predictions from different laboratories will be presented. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. EFDA, Garching, Germany. Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. CEA Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. NFRC, Taejon, South Korea. SAVBA, Bratislava, Slovakia. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. ITER IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. IPP, Greifswald, Germany. CAS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EPFL, CRPP, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Zanino, R (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM roberto.zanino@polito.it OI Muzzi, Luigi/0000-0001-8465-3364 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1353 EP 1357 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899046 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600079 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, N AF Martovetsky, Nicolai N. TI Development of the butt joint for the ITER central solenoid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE power cable connecting; superconducting cables; superconducting magnets AB The ITER Central Solenoid (CS) requires compact and reliable joints for its Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC). The baseline design is a diffusion bonded butt joint. In such a joint the mating cables are compacted to a very low void fraction in a copper sleeve and then heat treated. After the heat treatment the ends are cut, polished and aligned against each other and then diffusion bonded under high compression in a vacuum chamber at 750 C. The jacket is then welded on the conductor to complete the joint, which remarkably does not require more room than a regular conductor. This joint design is based on a proven concept developed for the ITER CS Model Coil that was successfully tested in the previous R&D phase. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martovetsky, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1358 EP 1361 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899698 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600080 ER PT J AU Bole, S Miller, JR Toth, J AF Bole, Scott Miller, John R. Toth, Jack TI Structural design for the NHMFL series connected hybrid magnet system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE CICC; finite elements; hybrid magnets; stress analysis AB The Series Connected Hybrid (SCH) Magnet developed at the NHMFL will provide high field (36 T), high field quality (1 ppm stability and homogeneity) and a moderately large bore (40 mm inside the resistive shim coils) for users interested in medium resolution NMR studies. The SCH comprises a superconducting outsert built with Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductor and a resistive insert using Florida-Bitter technology. The insert and outsert magnets are connected electrically in series, which mitigates many of the engineering challenges for such systems, but mechanical design of the structural components linking these remains critical to the performance of the superconducting outsert. We present detailed design and analysis of these components with an assessment of their ability to meet the functional requirements presented by potentially normal, off normal and fault conditions during operation. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bole, S (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM bole@magnet.fsu.edu; millerjr1@onrl.gov; toth@magnet.fsu.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1418 EP 1421 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898048 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600095 ER PT J AU Wanderer, P Anerella, A Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Jain, A Joshi, P Louie, W Marone, A Muratore, J Parker, B Thomas, R AF Wanderer, P. Anerella, A. Escallier, J. Ganetis, G. Ghosh, A. Jain, A. Joshi, P. Louie, W. Marone, A. Muratore, J. Parker, B. Thomas, R. TI Fast-ramped superconducting dipoles for NMR studies of awake animals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE dipoles; high ramp rates; magnetic field measurement; magnetic resonance imaging; superconducting magnets AB At present, functional NMR studies of metabolic processes, which require repeated images taken over a period of time, are only performed on sedated animals. This is because the axes defined by the main NMR solenoid field and the time varying gradient magnets used for spatial encoding are fixed and cannot follow the motion of an awake animal. Construction and test results will be presented for a pair of superconducting dipole coils built to make possible NMR studies of animals that are awake by providing a dynamically variable orientation of the NMR field. Each dipole coil was wound from a single cylindrical layer of Nb-Ti cable with a cos-theta distribution. One coil was wound over the other and oriented so that the fields are perpendicular. The coil pair can then produce fields in any direction perpendicular to that of the main solenoid. When powered together, the dipole and solenoid fields would allow the NMR axis to vary with time and, thus, track the motion of an awake animal. A 1 m-long pair of coils was successfully ramped to the design field, 0.08 T, at the high rate (similar to 25 T/s) needed to track the motion. Measurements of the field quality were made during the ramping. The ramp rate studies and the magnetic field measurements are reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wandere, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanderer@bnl.gov; mda@bnl.gov; escallie@bnl.gov; ganetis1@bnl.gov; ghosh1@bnl.gov; jain@bnl.gov; joshi@bnl.gov; louie@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; mura-tore@bnl.gov; parker@bnl.gov; thomas1@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1430 EP 1434 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899986 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600098 ER PT J AU Verweij, AP Ghosh, AK AF Verweij, A. P. Ghosh, A. K. TI Critical current measurements of the main LHC superconducting cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE critical current; large hadron collider; quench current; superconducting cables; superconducting magnets ID TEST FACILITY AB For the main dipole and quadrupole magnets of the LHC, CERN has ordered from industry about 7000 km of superconducting Nb-Ti Rutherford type cables, delivered between 1999 and 2005. The strands of these cables are produced by six different companies, and cabled on five different machines. In the framework of the US contribution to the LHC, BNL has been testing and analyzing the electrical properties of samples of these cables. The main purpose of these tests was to qualify the critical current of the entire cable production in the frame of the quality assurance program implemented by CERN to assure the overall strand and cable performances. In total more than 2100 cable samples have been evaluated at 4.3 K in terms of critical current I-C, n-value and the residual resistance ratio, RRR. This paper will present an overview of the results, and show the correlations of the critical current and n-value between virgin strands, extracted strands, and cables. Also described are correlations of I-C measured at BNL and those made at the FRESCA facility in CERN. Furthermore a few trends and anomalies of the cable production that were detected from testing cables are highlighted. C1 CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Verweij, AP (reprint author), CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Arjan.Verweij@cern.ch NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1454 EP 1460 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898000 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600104 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Kikuchi, A Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Cooper, C Feher, S Kashikin, VV Lamm, M Novitski, I Takeuchi, T Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Verweij, AP Wake, M Willering, G Zlobin, AV AF Yamada, R. Kikuchi, A. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Cooper, C. Feher, S. Kashikin, V. V. Lamm, M. Novitski, I. Takeuchi, T. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Verweij, A. P. Wake, M. Willering, G. Zlobin, A. V. TI Feasibility study of Nb3Al Rutherford cable for high field accelerator magnet application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Nb3Al; Rutherford cable; superconductivity ID WIRE AB Feasibility study of Cu stabilized Nb3Al strand and Rutherford cable for the application to high field accelerator magnets are being done at Fermilab in collaboration with NIMS. The Nb3Al strand, which was developed and manufactured at NIMS in Japan, has a non-copper Jc of about 844 A/mm(2) at 15 Tesla at 4.2 K, a copper content of 50%, and filament size of about 50 microns. Rutherford cables with 27 Nb3Al strands of 1.03 mm diameter were fabricated and tested. Quench tests on a short cable were done to study its stability with only its self field, utilizing a high current transformer. A pair of 2 meter long Nb3Al cables was tested extensively at CERN at 4.3 and 1.9 K up to 11 Tesla including its self field with a high transport current of 20.2 kA. In the low field test we observed instability near splices and in the central region. This is related to the flux-jump like behavior, because of excessive amount of Nb in the Nb3Al strand. There is possibility that the Nb in Nb3Al can cause instability below 2 Tesla field regions. We need further investigation on this problem. Above 8 Tesla, we observed quenches near the critical surface at fast ramp rate from 1000 to 3000 A/sec, with quench velocity over 100 m/sec. A small racetrack magnet was made using a 14 m of Rutherford cable and successfully tested up to 21.8 kA, corresponding to 8.7 T. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov RI TAKEUCHI, Takao/H-2753-2011 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1461 EP 1464 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898202 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600105 ER PT J AU Kaugerts, J Moritz, G Wilson, MN Ghosh, A den Ouden, A Bogdanov, I Kozub, S Shcherbakov, P Shirshov, L Tkachenko, L Richter, D Verweij, A Willering, G Fabbricatore, P Volpini, G AF Kaugerts, J. Moritz, G. Wilson, M. N. Ghosh, A. den Ouden, A. Bogdanov, I. Kozub, S. Shcherbakov, P. Shirshov, L. Tkachenko, L. Richter, D. Verweij, A. Willering, G. Fabbricatore, P. Volpini, G. TI Cable design for FAIR SIS 300 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC loss; fast-ramping magnet; fine filament wire; inter-strand resistance; low loss cable ID FAST-RAMPING SYNCHROTRON; RUTHERFORD CABLES; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB GSI, Darmstadt is preparing to build FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) which will include SIS 300, a 300T.m fast-ramping heavy ion synchrotron. Dipoles for this ring will be 2.9 m long, producing 6 T over a 100 mm coil aperture and ramped at 1 T/s. The cable for these dipoles must have low losses and produce acceptable field distortions during the fast ramp. We plan to achieve this objective by using fine (similar to 3 mu m) filaments of NbTi in a wire with an interfilamentary matrix of CuMn to reduce proximity coupling and increase the transverse resistivity. The Rutherford cable will have a thin stainless steel core and the wires will be coated with SnAg solder which has been oxidized, using a recipe similar to that developed at CERN, to increase the adjacent strand resistance Ra. Measurements of crossover strand resistance Rc and Ra in cored cable with oxidized SnAg coating will be presented, together with data on critical current, persistent current magnetization and eddy current coupling in a wire with ultra fine filaments and a CuMn matrix in the interfilamentary region of the wire. These data will be used to predict losses and field distortion in the SIS 300 dipole and optimize the final design of cable for FAIR. C1 GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Kaugerts, J (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM J.Kaugerts@gsi.de; G.Moritz@gsi.de; m-wilson@dsl.pipex.com; aghosh@bnl.gov; a.denouden@utwente.nl; Igor.Bogdanov@ihep.ru; Petr.Shcherbakov@ihep.ru; Leonid.Shirshov@ihep.ru; Leonid.Tkachenko@ihep.ru; David.Richter@cern.ch; Arjan.Verweij@cern.ch; Gerard.Willering@cern.ch; Pasquale.Fabbrica-tore@ge.infn.it; Giovanni.Volpini@mi.infn.it NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1477 EP 1480 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898474 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600109 ER PT J AU Dietderich, DR Barzi, E Ghosh, AK Liggins, NL Higley, HC AF Dietderich, Daniel R. Barzi, Emanuela Ghosh, Arup K. Liggins, Nathan L. Higley, Hugh C. TI Cable R&D for the LHC accelerator research program SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE accelerator magnets; Nb3Sn; rutherford superconducting cables ID DIPOLE MAGNET; NB3SN; STABILITY AB Future luminosity upgrades for the LHC at CERN will require higher field magnets than those presently being utilized. The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is addressing this need with the design and fabrication of prototype quadrupole magnets utilizing Nb3Sn technology. A part of the R&D effort is the development of suitable cables for the magnet designs being considered by LARP. The cable parameter limits for LARP prototype and production cables are presented. At present the standard strand for LARP is the Restack Rod Processed (RRP) strand being produced by Oxford Superconducting Technologies. The present strand has 54 sub-elements and 53% Cu. An optimal cable for the first generation of LARP quadrupole magnets has a width of 10 mm, thickness of 1.26 mm, and a keystone angle of 1 degree. This work shows that if a strand is properly cabled a nearly degradation-free mechanically-stable cable can be produced. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dietderich, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM drdiet-derich@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1481 EP 1484 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897750 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600110 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Zuev, YL Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR AF Tuncer, Enis Zuev, Yuri L. Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. TI Electrical properties of semiconducting tapes used in HTS power cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cryogenic dielectrics; impedance spectroscopy; semiconducting tapes; superconducting power cables ID HIGH-FREQUENCY PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC MIXTURES; STRESS ENHANCEMENT; PART 2 AB In this paper we investigate the electrical properties of semiconducting tapes used for field grading applications in high voltage technology. Direct- and alternating-current resistance of the samples are measured at cryogenic temperatures between 18-300 K. Two different experimental setups are used due to the resistivity levels of the samples. It is observed that the samples have 'U-shaped' temperature dependence of resistivity corresponding to metallic and insulator type character for temperatures over and below 170 K, respectively. The samples resistivities can be used for diagnostics and fault analysis purposes equivalent circuit models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconductiv Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Superconductivit & Energy Efficient Mat Grp, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconductiv Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1497 EP 1500 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899961 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600114 ER PT J AU James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Tuncer, E Tekletsadik, K Hazelton, DW AF James, D. R. Sauers, I. Ellis, A. R. Tuncer, E. Tekletsadik, K. Hazelton, D. W. TI Breakdown and partial discharge measurements of some commonly used dielectric materials in liquid nitrogen for HTS applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cryogenic dielectrics; dielectric breakdown; partial discharge; surface discharges AB For high temperature superconducting (HTS) power applications it is necessary to improve the understanding of the dielectric properties of materials in a cryogenic environment. It is necessary to know the breakdown strength of materials and systems as a function of gap in order to scale to higher voltages. The partial discharge (PD) onset voltage for materials is also very important since the primary aging mechanism at cryogenic temperature is thought to be PD. Another important design characteristic is the surface flashover voltage of a material in liquid nitrogen as a function of gap. With these characteristics in mind, several generic materials were investigated under a variety of electrode and gap configurations. The impulse breakdown voltage and PD onset of three types of commercial polyetherimide, filled and unfilled, were measured at room temperature and 77 K. A modest increase in PD onset voltage was observed at the lower temperature. Breakdown voltages of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) cylinders for two wall thicknesses were measured which showed a decrease in strength at the larger gap. Breakdown voltages for liquid nitrogen using a sphere-plane electrode geometry were measured. Also flashover voltages along a FRP plate immersed in liquid nitrogen were performed for sphere-plane and rod-plane electrodes at 1 bar pressure. It was found that the breakdown voltage increased only slightly with increasing gap lengths. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP James, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jamesdr@ornl.gov; KTekletsadik@IGC.com; DHAZELTON@IGC.com OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1513 EP 1516 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898471 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600118 ER PT J AU Umans, SD Shoykhet, BA Zevchek, JK Rey, CM Duckworth, RC AF Umans, Stephen D. Shoykhet, Boris A. Zevchek, Joseph K. Rey, Christopher M. Duckworth, Robert C. TI Quench in high-temperature superconducting motor field coils: Experimental results at 30 K SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductors (HTS); HTS coils; HTS generators; HTS motors; HTS windings; quench; quench protection AB The results of quench tests on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) motor coils conduction-cooled to 30 K are presented. In previous tests, the same coils were cooled by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. In spite of both a significantly lower temperature and a different cooling mechanism, the 30 K tests confirm the previous results which showed that the quench process is characterized by a current level, referred to as the quench current, above which the cooling system cannot maintain the winding temperature. Currents in excess of this value will produce an unstable growth in winding temperature in a process commonly referred to as a coil quench. C1 Rockwell Automat Power Syst, Adv Technol Lab, Richmond, OH 43944 USA. Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Umans, SD (reprint author), Rockwell Automat Power Syst, Adv Technol Lab, Richmond, OH 43944 USA. EM umans@alum.mit.edu; bashoykhet@powersystems.rockwell.com; jkzevchek@powersystems.rockwell.com; reycm@ornl.gov; duckworthrc@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1561 EP 1567 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899971 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600130 ER PT J AU Gouge, MJ Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Lindsay, DT Rey, CM Roden, ML Tolbert, JC AF Gouge, M. J. Demko, J. A. Duckworth, R. C. Lindsay, D. T. Rey, C. M. Roden, M. L. Tolbert, J. C. TI Testing of an HTS power cable made from YBCO tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductors; power transmission lines; superconducting cables ID AC LOSS AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has designed, built, and tested a 1.25-m-long, prototype high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable made from second-generation YBa2 CU3 O-x (YBCO)-coated conductor tapes. Electrical tests of this cable were performed in liquid nitrogen at 77 K. DC testing of the HTS cable included determination of the V-I curve with a critical current of about 2100 A, which was consistent with the critical currents of the two layers of 4.4-mm wide YBCO tapes. AC testing of the cable was conducted at currents up to about 1500 A(rms). The ac losses were determined electrically by use of a Rogowski coil with a lock-in amplifier. Over-current testing was conducted at peak current values up to 4.9 kA for pulse lengths of 0.3-0.5 s. Test results are compared to earlier data from a 1.25-m-long power cable made from 1-cm-wide YBCO tapes and also comparable BSCCO cables. This commercial-grade HTS cable demonstrated the feasibility of second-generation YBCO tapes in an ac cable application. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gougemj@ornl.gov; demkoja@ornl.gov; duckworthrc@ornl.gov; DAVID_LINDSAY@southwire.com; reycm@ornl.gov; Mark_Roden@southwire.com; Jerry_Tolbert@southwire.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1708 EP 1711 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897211 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600165 ER PT J AU Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Tuncer, E Pace, MO Gouge, MJ Demko, JA Lindsay, D AF Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. Tuncer, Enis Pace, Marshall O. Gouge, M. J. Demko, J. A. Lindsay, D. TI High voltage testing of a 5-meter prototype triaxial HTS cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE dielectrics; high voltage; HTS cable; partial discharge AB High voltage tests were performed on a 5-m long prototype triaxial HTS cable (supplied by Ultera) at ORNL in preparation for installation of a 200-m HTS cable of the same design at the AEP utility substation in Columbus, Ohio. The triaxial design comprises three concentric phases and shield around a common former with the phase to phase dielectric at cryogenic temperature. Advantages of this design include increased current density, a reduced amount of HTS tape needed, and reduced heat load. The phase to phase voltage will be 13.2 kVrms (7.6 kVrms to ground). Preliminary testing was done on half-scale and full-scale terminations which successfully passed AC withstand, partial discharge, and impulse tests. High voltage tests conducted on the 5-m cable with the cable straight and after bending 90 degrees were ac withstand to 39 kVrms, partial discharge inception, and a minimum of 10 positive and 10 negative lightning waveform impulses at 110 M Phase to phase insulation was tested by applying high voltage to each phase one at a time with all the other phases grounded. Partial discharge data will be presented. The 5-m prototype triaxial HTS cable passed all the HV tests performed, with a PD inception voltage significantly above the required voltage. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sauersi@ornl.gov; jamesdr@ornl.gov; ellisar@ornl.gov; tuncere@ornl.gov; pace@ece.utk.edu; gougemj@ornl.gov; demkoja@ornl.gov; DAVID_LINDSAY@southwire.com OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1734 EP 1737 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899223 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600171 ER PT J AU Duron, J Dutoit, B Grilli, F Decroux, M Antognazza, L Fischer, O AF Duron, J. Dutoit, B. Grilli, F. Decroux, M. Antognazza, L. Fischer, O. TI Computer Modeling of YBCO fault current limiter strips lines in over-critical regime with temperature dependent parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE fault current limiters; numerical modelling; superconducting devices; superconducting thin films ID FILMS AB We present the results of an advanced numerical model for fault current limiter (FCL) based on HTS thin films in which both thermal and electromagnetic aspects are taken into account. This model allows simulating the behavior of FCL in the over-critical current regime and we used it for studying strip lines of a YBCO/Au FCL on sapphire substrate. The electromagnetic and thermal equations have been implemented in finite-element method (FEM) software in order to obtain a model for investigating the comportment of the superconductor when the current exceeds I-c. In particular, materials equations have been implemented in order to simulate the electrical behavior of superconducting devices with strong over-critical currents. We report results of simulations in voltage source mode where currents largely exceed I-c. The global behavior of the FCL is compared with measurements, showing a good agreement. The use of FEM simulations offers the advantage to give access to local variables such as current density or temperature. Studies with this model can replace expensive experiments where very high current density might damage or destroy the FCL device. C1 EPFL IC LANOS, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Geneva, DPMC, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Duron, J (reprint author), EPFL IC LANOS, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM joseph.duron@epfl.ch NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1839 EP 1842 DI 10.1109/tasc.2007.898365 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600197 ER PT J AU Demko, JA Sauers, I James, DR Gouge, MJ Lindsay, D Roden, M Tolbert, J Willen, D Traeholt, C Nielsen, CT AF Demko, J. A. Sauers, I. James, D. R. Gouge, M. J. Lindsay, D. Roden, M. Tolbert, J. Willen, D. Traeholt, C. Nielsen, C. T. TI Triaxial HTS cable for the AEP bixby project SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE cryogenics; high-temperature superconductors; power transmission lines; superconducting cables ID OPERATION AB Ultera has installed a single 200-meter long high temperature superconducting (HTS) 3-phase triaxial design cable at the American Electric Power (AEP) Bixby substation in Columbus, Ohio. The cable connects a 138/13.2 kV transformer to the distribution switchgear serving seven outgoing circuits. It was designed to carry 3000 Arms. Testing of 3- to 5-meter length prototype cables, including a 5-meter prototype with full scale terminations tested at ORNL was conducted prior to the manufacture and installation of the AEP triaxial cable. These prototypes were used to demonstrate the crucial operating conditions including steady state operation at the 3000 A(rms) design current, high voltage operation, high voltage withstand and 110 W impulse, and overcurrent fault capability. A summary of the results from the thermal analysis and testing conducted by Ultera and ORNL will be presented. Some analysis of the cable thermal-hydraulic response based on the testing that were used to determine some of the cable cryogenic system requirements are also presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM demkoja@oml.gov; sauersi@ornl.gov; jainesdr@ornl.gov; gougemj@omi.gov; DAVID-LINDSAY@southwire.com; Mark-Roden@southwire.com; Jerry_Tolbert@southwire.com; dag.willen@nktcables.dk; chresten.traeholt@nktcables.dk; carsten.nielsen@nktcables.dk NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2047 EP 2050 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897842 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600248 ER PT J AU Hull, JR Fiske, J Ricci, K Ricci, M AF Hull, John R. Fiske, James Ricci, Ken Ricci, Michael TI Analysis of levitational systems for a superconducting launch ring SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE magnetic levitation AB The launch ring consists of a maglev system in which a levitated vehicle is accelerated in an evacuated circular tunnel until it reaches a desired velocity and then releases a projectile into a path leading to the atmosphere. This paper analyses several levitational concepts for a system that employs superconductors in the stator and on the vehicle. Both an attractive and a shear-force configuration are shown to offer complete static stability over the complete velocity range from 0 to 10 km/s. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. LLC, LaunchPoint Technol, Goleta, CA 93317 USA. RP Hull, JR (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM john.r.hull2@boeing.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2117 EP 2120 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898464 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600265 ER PT J AU Miao, H Marken, KR Meinesz, M Czabaj, B Hong, S Twin, A Noonan, P Trociewitz, UP Schwartz, J AF Miao, Hanping Marken, Kenneth R. Meinesz, Maarten Czabaj, Boleslaw Hong, Seung Twin, Andrew Noonan, Paul Trociewitz, Ulf P. Schwartz, Justin TI High field insert coils from Bi-2212/Ag round wires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Bi-2212 round wire; high temperature superconductors; superconducting magnets; superconducting materials ID MAGNETS AB Bi-2212/Ag round wire is a promising and practical material for extending high field superconducting magnets beyond the limits of Nb-3 Sn. Efforts to develop superconducting magnets in the 25 to 30 T range include fabrication and test of practical size insert coils using this wire. Recent studies have focused on improvements in wire performance, wire insulation, and coil fabrication for wind-and-react coils. Continued improvements in the engineering critical current density (J(E)) and the critical current density (J(c)) performance have been achieved by optimizing the starting precursor composition, and the heat treatments. The highest J(E) of 1580 A/mm(2) at 4.2 K, 0 T and 420 A/mm(2) at 4.2 K, 31 T were obtained in 0.81 mm wire. In particular, significant progress on braided insulation has been made for enabling a robust procedure for wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils. Performance of three of these coils has been measured in background fields up to 19 T, showing good prospects for high field magnet application of this conductor. C1 Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oxford Instruments Nanosci, Oxford OX29 4TL, England. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Miao, H (reprint author), Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. EM hanping.miao@ost.oxinst.com RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2262 EP 2265 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898999 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600301 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Finney, NR Fuery, MJ Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR AF Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Ferracin, P. Finney, N. R. Fuery, M. J. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. TI Design, fabrication, and test,of a superconducting dipole magnet based on tilted solenoids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE insert magnet; pure dipole; superconducting magnet; tilted solenoid AB It can be shown that, by superposing two solenoid-like thin windings that are oppositely skewed (tilted) with respect to the bore axis, the combined current density on the surface is "cos-theta" like and the resulting magnetic field in the bore is a pure dipole. As a proof of principle, such a magnet was designed, built and tested as part of a summer undergraduate intern project. The measured field in the 25 mm bore, 4 single strand layers using NbTi superconductor, exceeded I T. The simplicity of this high field quality design, void of typical wedges end-spacers and coil assembly, is especially suitable for insert-coils using High Temperature Superconducting wire as well as for low cost superconducting accelerator magnets for High Energy Physics. Details of the design, construction and test are reported. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2266 EP 2269 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899243 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600302 ER PT J AU Rey, CM Duckworth, RC AF Rey, Christopher M. Duckworth, Robert C. TI Current-voltage measurements in a 2G YBCO coil SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE coated conductor; coil; critical current; YBCO ID QUENCH DEVELOPMENT AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory in collaboration with American Superconductor Corporation and Cryomagnetics Inc. has designed, fabricated, and tested an HTS coil wound with second-generation (2G) YBCO coated conductor tape. The purpose of the HTS coil project was to study the quench characteristics in 2G YBCO coils at 77 K and lower temperatures (similar to 30-45 K). These quench characteristics were investigated in both a pool boiling LN2 environment and in a conduction cooled configuration at similar to 30 K and 45 K. Transport critical current (I-c) measurements taken on the very first thermal cycle of the YBCO coil in pool boiling LN2 showed an I-c similar to 31 A corresponding to a central magnetic field of 0.32 T. The measured I-c value was consistent with the calculated value using the calculated maximum perpendicular B-field component and the measured short sample 1, at 77 K. Subsequent I-c measurements taken in the conduction cooling configuration at 34 K and 45 K, showed a steady-state I-c similar to 45-49 A and 38-44 A, respectively. These I-c values were significantly lower than the calculated value assuming a literature derived temperature dependent I-c of the 2G YBCO tape. A steady degradation was observed in the I-c of the coil with each successive thermal cycle. In addition, the coil was also pulse tested up to 1-T in non-steady state transient conditions and for ramp rates varying between 0.01 and 5 A/s. The issues and limitations encountered during testing of this new type of 2G coil are briefly discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rey, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reycm@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2278 EP 2281 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899052 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600305 ER PT J AU Twin, A Brown, J Domptail, F Bateman, R Harrison, R Lakrimi, M Melhem, Z Noonan, P Field, M Hong, S Marken, K Miao, H Parrell, J Zhang, YZ AF Twin, Andrew Brown, Joe Domptail, Fred Bateman, Rod Harrison, Robert Lakrimi, M'hamed Melhem, Ziad Noonan, Paul Field, Michael Hong, Seung Marken, Ken Miao, Hanping Parrell, Jeff Zhang, Youzhu TI Present and future applications for advanced superconducting materials in high field magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE rod process wire; superconducting magnet AB Advances in high field magnets are driven primarily by the availability of high current density conductors. The restack rod process (RRP), internal Sn superconductors have achieved engineering current densities nearly five times that of bronze route Nb-3 Sn conductors at high fields. Careful utilization of this low temperature superconductor (LTS) enables the production of magnets beyond the previous benchmark of 21 Tesla without an associated increase in magnet and cryostat volume. Steps to realize extremely compact high field magnets for a variety of applications are described. The next significant challenge is to produce magnetic fields beyond 25 Tesla solely using superconducting solenoids. High temperature superconductors (HTS) will be required and, to this end, Bi-2212/Ag matrix wires are at an advanced stage of development. The tangible objective is a new generation of compact, ultra-high field magnets. C1 Oxford Instruments NanoSci, Abingdon OX13 5QX, Oxon, England. Siemens Magnet Technol, Oxford, England. Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Twin, A (reprint author), Oxford Instruments NanoSci, Abingdon OX13 5QX, Oxon, England. EM Andrew.twin@oxinst.co.uk NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2295 EP 2298 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898430 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600309 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Caspi, S Lietzke, AF AF Ferracin, P. Caspi, S. Lietzke, A. F. TI Towards computing ratcheting and training in superconducting magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE ratcheting; superconducting magnet; training ID PERFORMANCE; CABLES AB The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been developing 3D finite element models to predict the behavior of high field Nb-3 Sn superconducting magnets. The models track the coil response during assembly, cool-down, and excitation, with particular interest on displacements when frictional forces arise. As Lorentz forces were cycled, irreversible displacements were computed and compared with strain gauge measurements. Additional analysis was done on the local frictional energy released during magnet excitation, and the resulting temperature rise. Magnet quenching and training was correlated to the level of energy release during such mechanical displacements under frictional forces. We report in this paper the computational results of the ratcheting process, the impact of friction, and the path-dependent energy release leading to a computed magnet training curve. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2373 EP 2376 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898515 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600328 ER PT J AU Collings, EW Sumption, MD Ambrosio, G Ilyin, Y Nijhuis, A AF Collings, E. W. Sumption, M. D. Ambrosio, G. Ilyin, Y. Nijhuis, A. TI Interstrand contact resistance in Nb3Sn cables under LARP-Type preparation conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC loss; cable preparation conditions; heat treatment; interstrand contact resistance; LARP; Rutherford cables ID RUTHERFORD CABLES; AC LOSS; COUPLING LOSSES; MAGNETS; FIELDS; ACCELERATOR AB The Nb3Sn cables being developed under the LARP program will need to have suitable, reproducible, and uniform interstrand contact resistances (ICR) in the interests of accelerator-field quality (low coupling magnetization) and stability (current-sharing between strands). In the first of a pair of studies ICR was measured in response to variation of strand surface condition. As a sequel to this the present set of measurements explores the influence of cable preparation conditions on ICR, determined as before using calorimetric and magnetic AC-loss measurement techniques in face-on and edge-on applied AC fields. Uncored Rutherford cables were wound at Fermilab from OST MJR-type strand and wrapped with S-glass tape impregnated in most cases with a ceramic binder (applied before reaction HT). The HT/pressurization sequence of the cables was made to mimic as closely as possible the expected LARP magnet-fabrication schedules. Derived from maxima in the loss-vs-frequency curves was an ICR '' inhomogeneity ''-two ICRs for each cable pack each associated with a particular fraction of the strands. Furthermore, both of the ICRs, at 0.4 and 4 mu Omega, would in a magnet be too small to satisfy the generally accepted magnetization requirements. C1 Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Supercond & Magnetism, MSE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. Univ Twente, Low Temp Fac, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Collings, EW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Supercond & Magnetism, MSE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ted+@osu.edu; mdsumption+@osu.edu; giorgioa@fnal.gov; y.ilyin@tnw.utwente.nl; a.ni-jhuis@tnw.utwente.nl RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2494 EP 2497 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898132 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600358 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Kikuchi, A Wake, M AF Yamada, Ryuji Kikuchi, Akihiro Wake, Masayoshi TI Magnetization anomaly of Nb(3)A1 strands and instability of Nb(3)A1 Rutherford cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE anomaly of magnetization; instability; Nb(3)A1 Rutherford cable; Nb(3)A1 strand; proximity effect AB Using a Cu stabilized Nb3Al strand with Nb matrix, a 30 meter long Nb3Al Rutherford cable was made by a collaboration of Fermilab and NIMS. Recently the strand and cable were tested. In both cases instability was observed at around 1.5 Tesla. The magnetization of this Nb3Al strand was measured first using a balanced coil magnetometer at 4.2 K. Strands showed an anomalously large magnetization behavior around at 1.6 T, which is much higher than the usual B-c2 similar to 0.5 Tesla (4.2 K) of Nb matrix. This result is compared with the magnetization data of short strand samples using a SQUID magnetometer, in which a flux-jump signal was observed at 0.5 Tesla, but not at higher field. To explain this magnetization anomaly, the interfilament coupling through the thin Nb films in the strands due to the proximity effect, which is preventing the full penetration of the external field into the inside part of strand, is suggested. The instability problems observed in low field regions of the Nb3Al Rutherford cables and the small racetrack magnet wound with this cable are attributed to this effect. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2502 EP 2505 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898169 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600360 ER PT J AU MacManus-Driscoll, JL Kursumovic, A Maiorov, B Civale, L Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Wang, H AF MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. Kursumovic, A. Maiorov, B. Civale, L. Jia, Q. X. Foltyn, S. R. Wang, H. TI YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductor grown by hybrid liquid phase epitaxy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE coated conductors; HLPE; hybrid liquid phase epitaxy; thick YBCO films; YBCO growth rate ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; SOLID GROWTH; FILM GROWTH; THICK-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TAPES; NIO AB The Hybrid Liquid Phase epitaxy (HLPE) approach has the potential to be a high rate-low cost process. This deposition process is used to grow epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films in the presence of a thin (100 to 500 nm) liquid BaO-CuO flux layer. Despite the presence of the molten flux, YBCO growth is found to be feasible on technical substrates because of the limited dissolution of the buffer layer in the thin flux layer. The high atom mobility at the growing interface under the liquid flux enables high growth rates (demonstrated to be greater than 10 nm center dot s(-1) in a wide temperature regime and predicted to be up to similar to 50 nm center dot s(-1)). We report results on HLPE YBCO films grown on (100) strontium titanate and textured technical substrates such as rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) and ion-beam-assisted-deposited (IBAD) MgO. High values of the critical temperature above 90 K and critical current similar to 400 A per cm width for 3 mu m thick films on single crystal substrates and promising high values on technical substrates are obtained. Furthermore, there is potential for making thicker films of the same quality since film density is maintained with thickness. Angular-dependent transport critical current as a function of applied field for these films, as well as microstructural measurements by transmission electron microscopy are also reported. The angular and field dependence of critical current density are similar to standard PLD (pulsed laser deposition) films. Although the films are of high epitaxial quality they contain yttria precipitates which are possible sources of flux pinning centers. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP MacManus-Driscoll, JL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM ak237@cus.cam.ac.uk RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2537 EP 2541 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898171 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900002 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Bossert, R Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Turrioni, D AF Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel R. Ferracin, Paolo Ghosh, Arup Turrioni, Daniele TI RRP Nb3Sn strand studies for LARP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE critical current density; magnetic instability; Nb3Sn; restack rod process AB The Nb3Sn strand chosen for the next step in the magnet R&D of the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program is the 54/61 sub-element Restacked Rod Process by Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technology. To ensure that the 0.7 mm RRP strands to be used in the upcoming LARP magnets are suitable, extensive studies were performed. Measurements included the critical current, I-c, using the voltage-current (V - I) method, the stability current, I-S as the minimal quench current obtained with the voltage-field (V - H) method, and RRR. Magnetization was measured at low and high fields to determine the effective filament size and to detect flux jumps. Effects of heat treatment temperature and durations on I-c and I-S were also studied. Using strand billet qualification and tests of strands extracted from cables, the short sample limits of magnet performance were obtained. The details and the results of this investigation are herein described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2607 EP 2610 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899579 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900019 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Cooley, LD Parrell, JA Field, MB Zhang, Y Hong, S AF Ghosh, A. K. Cooley, L. D. Parrell, J. A. Field, M. B. Zhang, Y. Hong, S. TI Effects of reaction temperature and alloying on performance of restack-rod-process Nb3Sn SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE electric variables measurements; heat treatments; niobium-tin compounds; superconducting filaments and wires ID SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY; CONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT; FIELD; TIN AB Final reactions of 48 or 50 hours were given in a range of temperature from 635 degrees C to 695 degrees C to high-J(c) Ta- and Ti-alloyed Restack-Rod-Process Nb3Sn strands to investigate the changes in critical current density J(c) and the superconducting properties. J(c) is the current density in the non-copper region of the wire. Measurements of J(c) were made at 4.2 K temperature and from 8 to 11.5 T field at BNL and from 12 to 16 T at OST, and these data were fitted to the Summers expression for J(c) to extrapolate the scaling field B-c2(*). All three (Nb, Ta)(3)Sn strand designs investigated displayed peak J(c) values of similar to 3000 A/mm(2) at 12 T and similar to 1500 A/mm(2) at 15 T for 665 and 680 degrees C reactions. B-c2(*) increased monotonically with increasing reaction temperature. By comparison, at each reaction temperature, a (Nb, Ti)(3)Sn strand under development had a higher B-c2(*) than any of the Ta-alloyed strands. This suggests that Ti-alloyed strands could improve high-field performance if further development can bring their J(c) values closer to those of the Ta-alloyed strands. Other implications are also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oxford Instruments, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aghosh@bnl.gov RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2623 EP 2626 DI 10.1169/TASC.2007.898165 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900023 ER PT J AU Lu, J Choi, ES Walsh, R Goddard, R Han, K Miller, JR AF Lu, Jun Choi, Eun Sang Walsh, Robert Goddard, Robert Han, Ke Miller, John R. TI Characterization of Nb3Sn superconductors for hybrid magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC loss; critical current; low temperature superconductor; microstructure Nb3Sn ID STRESS; SYSTEM AB Nb3Sn superconductors are examined to select proper conductors for hybrid magnets outserts (that is a superconductor solenoid wound on the outside of a Bitter magnet) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The materials are subject to both thermal and mechanical stresses when in service. The stresses are complex due to the thermal contraction of the conduit applying extra stresses to the conductors. The final thermal stress levels can be well beyond the yield stress of some components in the superconductor composite and therefore plastic flow occurs in these components, such as Cu stabilizer and Cu-Sn matrix. If the plastic deformation strain is large, deformation strain in Nb3Sn superconductor filaments can be difficult to estimate. The differences in conductor design also render the estimation of the strain status difficult. It is well documented that the critical current is strongly affected by strain in the Nb3Sn superconductors. Therefore, we have characterized the microstructure and critical current of the superconductors with respect to the strain of various Nb3Sn superconductors. Other relevant properties are also measured and related to the fabrication, design and microstructure of the conductors. This paper reports our efforts in characterization of the Nb3Sn superconductors for hybrid magnets. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM junlu@magnet.fsu.edu; echoi@magnet.fsu.edu; walsh@magnet.fsu.edu; goddard@magnet.fsu.edu; han@magnet.fsu.edu; millerjr1@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2651 EP 2654 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899593 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900030 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, A Yamada, R Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Cooper, C Iijima, Y Kobayashi, M Kitaguchi, H Nimori, S Lamm, M Tagawa, K Takeuchi, T Tsuchiya, K Turrioni, D Wake, M Zlobin, AV AF Kikuchi, A. Yamada, R. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Cooper, C. Iijima, Y. Kobayashi, M. Kitaguchi, H. Nimori, S. Lamm, M. Tagawa, K. Takeuchi, T. Tsuchiya, K. Turrioni, D. Wake, M. Zlobin, A. V. TI Characteristics of round and extracted strands of Nb3Al Rutherford cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE copper stabilizer; extracted strand; magnetization; Nb3Al strand; RHQT process; Rutherford cable ID CU STABILIZER; LONG-LENGTH; WIRE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MANUFACTURE; NIOBIUM AB Long Nb3Al strands with copper stabilizer are promising for future high field accelerator magnets. A 1.2 kilometer Nb3Al strand with Cu stabilizer was fabricated at the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan. Using this strand a 30 meter Cu stabilized Nb3Al Rutherford cable was made for the first time by a collaboration of NIMS and Fermilab. The Nb3Al strands extracted from cable with a relatively low packing factor showed almost no J(c) degradation. But the extracted strands from the highly compacted cable showed some degradation in both J(c) and n value, which may be caused by local separation of the copper stabilizer. Still, its J(c) degradation is lower than that of typical Nb3Sn strands. The current limit due to magnetic instability in low field is about 500 A at 4.2 K. The magnetization of the strands, which was measured with balanced coils at 4.2 K, showed large flux jumps, usually around 1.5 T. This value is much larger than the B-c2 (4.2 K) of the Nb matrix, which is around 0.4 Tesla. The magnetic instability of the Nb3Al strand at low field is not completely understood, but it might be explained by the superconducting coupling current through the Nb matrix. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Hitachi Cable Ltd, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 1240014, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Kikuchi, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM kikuchi.akihiro@nims.go.jp RI TAKEUCHI, Takao/H-2753-2011; Nimori, Shigeki/H-2643-2011 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2697 EP 2701 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898935 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900041 ER PT J AU Cooley, LD Chang, PS Ghosh, AK AF Cooley, L. D. Chang, P. S. Ghosh, A. K. TI Magnetization, RRR and stability of Nb3Sn strands with high sub-element number SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE conductivity; magnetic field measurement; niobium compounds; stability; superconducting magnets ID TIN AB The magnetization and low field stability were measured on a series of high current-density Nb3Sn strands with 54 to 198 sub-elements taken from accelerator magnet development programs. The effective filament size, d(e f f) as determined from the width of the magnetization loop at low field and the extrapolation of the transport critical current from high field, was very close to the sub-element diameter determined by the strand geometry. Self-field corrections were vital for obtaining this agreement; without them, d(e f f) was overestimated by similar to 25%. While all strands, even those with d(e f f) as small as 35 mu m, exhibited flux-jumps at low field in magnetization measurements, smaller sub-elements produced smaller flux-jump magnitude and a smaller range of field over which flux jumps occurred, suggesting stability improved with decreasing d(e f f). However, good combinations of the residual resistivity ratio RRR and the critical current density J(c) became increasingly difficult to obtain by varying the reaction heat treatment as the sub-element number increased. Further analyses of RRR data indicate that tin contamination of the copper stabilizer is underway even before any Nb3Sn is formed in strands with high numbers of sub-elements. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Cooley, LD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ldcooley@bnl.gov RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2706 EP 2709 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898167 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900043 ER EF