FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Turrioni, D Barzi, E Bossert, M Kashikhin, VV Kikuchi, A Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Turrioni, D. Barzi, E. Bossert, M. Kashikhin, V. V. Kikuchi, A. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Study of effects of deformation in Nb3Sn multifilamentary strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE critical current density; magnetic instability; Nb3Sn; Rutherford cable AB In the process that leads a flawless Nb3Sn round strand to become part of a Rutherford cable first, and of a coil next, the same cabling process affects strands of different kinds in different ways, from filament shearing to subelement merging to composite decoupling. Due to plastic deformation, after cabling the filament size distributions in a strand usually change. The average filament size typically increases, as does the width of the distribution. This is consistent with the low field transport current of strands in cables being typically lower and less reproducible than for round strands [1]. To better understand the role of filament size in instabilities and to simulate cabling deformations, strands to be used in cables can be tested by rolling them down to decreasing sizes to cover an ample range of relative deformations. A procedure is herein proposed that uses both microscopic analysis and macroscopic measurements of material properties to study the effects of deformation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Turrioni, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM turrioni@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2710 EP 2713 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899352 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900044 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Bossert, R Carcagno, R Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Nobrega, F Novitski, I Pishalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Field, M Hong, S Parrell, J Zhang, Y AF Barzi, E. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Bossert, R. Carcagno, R. Feher, S. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Nobrega, F. Novitski, I. Pishalnikov, Y. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Field, M. Hong, S. Parrell, J. Zhang, Y. TI Performance of Nb3Sn RRP strands and cables based on a 108/127 stack design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Nb3Sn; restack rod process; Rutherford cable; small racetrack coil ID PIT STRANDS; FIELD; MAGNETS; FERMILAB AB The high performance Nb3Sn strand produced by Oxford Superconducting Technology (OST) with the Restack Rod Process (RRP) is presently considered as a baseline conductor for the Fermilab's accelerator magnet R&D program. To improve the strand stability in the current and field range expected in magnet models, the number of subelements in the strand was increased by a factor of two (from 54 to 108), which resulted in a smaller effective filament size. The performance of the 1.0 and 0.7 mm strands of this design was studied using virgin and deformed strand samples. 27-strand Rutherford cables made of 1 mm strand were also tested using a superconducting transformer, small racetrack and 1-m shell-type dipole coils. This paper presents the RRP strand and cable parameters, and reports the results of strand, cable and coil testing. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Oxford Instruments Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2718 EP 2721 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899703 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900046 ER PT J AU Pogrebnyakov, AV Maertz, E Wilke, RHT Li, Q Soukiassian, A Schlom, DG Redwing, JM Findikoglu, A Xi, XX AF Pogrebnyakov, A. V. Maertz, E. Wilke, R. H. T. Li, Qi Soukiassian, A. Schlom, D. G. Redwing, J. M. Findikoglu, A. Xi, X. X. TI Polycrystalline MgB2 films on flexible YSZ substrates grown by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE flexible YSZ substrates; hybrid physical-chemical-vapor deposition; magnesium diboride; polycrystalline films ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRONICS; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE AB We report properties of polycrystalline MgB2 films deposited on thin flexible yttium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition. The MgB2 films show a transition temperature of 38.9 K with a narrow superconducting transition (0.1 K). The self-field critical current density in the films reaches 10(7) A/cm(2) at low temperatures. These properties do not change after repeated bending over a radius of 10 mm. Low microwave surface resistance comparable to those obtained in epitaxial MgB2 films on single-crystalline sapphire substrate was observed. The result shows promise of polycrystalline MgB2 films for applications in superconducting digital circuits as well as in coated conductor wires. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pogrebnyakov, AV (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM avp11@psu.edu RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2854 EP 2857 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897981 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900080 ER PT J AU Kurter, C Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Hinks, DG Gray, KE AF Kurter, C. Ozyuzer, L. Zasadzinski, J. F. Hinks, D. G. Gray, K. E. TI Self-heating effect in intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy of HgBr2 intercalated Bi2.1Sr1.4Ca1.5O8+delta single crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-T-c; superconductors; intrinsic Josephson junctions; self-heating; tunneling spectroscopy ID QUASI-PARTICLE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTOR; GAP AB We report tunneling results in intrinsic Josephson junction (IJJ) stacks fabricated in the form of square micromesas on HgBr2, intercalated Bi2.1Sr1.4Ca1.5CU2O8+delta (Bi2212) single crystals using photolithography and Ar ion milling techniques. Self-heating is the most common problem encountered in interlayer tunneling and it is likely to reduce the reliability of IJJ data. Although intercalation reduces heating a hundredfold, it still needs to be minimized substantially in order to approach the authentic superconducting energy gap observed by tunneling using more conventional junctions. We report tunneling characteristics of two mesas with the same height but different sizes (5 x 5 mu m(2) and 10 X 10 mu m(2)) to show that heating effects are strongly related to IJJ stack size. For the smaller mesa, we observed an energy gap close to that seen in single SIN (S: superconductor, 1: insulator, N: normal metal) and SIS break junctions as well as the dip and hump structures at high bias. The subgap data of 5 x 5 mu m(2) mesa were successfuily fit with a momentum averaged d-wave model using convenient parameters. Thus our data is consistent with the predominant pairing symmetry suggested by point contact tunneling, break junction, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and angle resolved photoemission measurements in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Kurter, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kurter@anl.gov RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2976 EP 2979 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898298 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900111 ER PT J AU Grilli, F Brambilla, R Martini, L AF Grilli, Francesco Brambilla, Roberto Martini, Luciano TI Modeling high-temperature superconducting tapes by means of edge finite elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC losses; edge elements; finite element method; high temperature superconductors ID STRIP AB In this paper we present a new 2D numerical model for AC loss computation in high-temperature superconductors, based on the use of edge finite elements. These elements are curl conforming by construction and involve the continuity of the tangential component of the magnetic field between adjacent elements. In this way they do not require the imposition of the zero divergence of the magnetic field at each time step, which, with standard nodal elements, increases the null space of the matrix and the risks of divergence of the algorithm. The model, implemented in the software package COMSOL, uses the two magnetic field components as state variables. It has been tested for computing the losses of YBCO coated conductor tapes in two cases of practical interest, which cannot be investigated by analytical models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CESI SpA, I-20134 Milan, Italy. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrilli@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3155 EP 3158 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.902144 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900156 ER PT J AU Duckworth, RC Paranthaman, MP Bhuiyan, MS List, FA Gouge, MJ AF Duckworth, Robert C. Paranthaman, M. Parans Bhuiyan, M. S. List, Fred A., III Gouge, Michael J. TI AC losses in YBCO coated conductor with inkjet filaments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC loss; filamentization; inkjet filaments; YBCO coated conductors ID TRANSPORT CURRENTS; FIELD AB To achieve low ac losses in applied ac fields, YBa2Cu3Ox, (YBCO) filaments were created on a RABiTS buffered, substrate through solution inkjet deposition. A metal organic decomposition (MOD) solution was placed into an inkjet dispenser and filaments of widths of 100 mu m and 0.8 mm were deposited on the substrate at a spacing of 50 to 100 mu m. Each sample, which had a width of 1 cm and a nominal length of 4 cm, was placed in a perpendicular ac field and the ac losses were measured thermally as a function of the field strengths up to 100 mT and at frequencies between 60 Hz and 120 Hz. Samples with inkjet filaments had a high coupling loss. This coupling between filaments may extend along the entire sample length because removal of the conductor ends did not reduce the coupling loss contribution. Reduction in ac loss was observed in samples with laser-scribed filaments that were made from the same MOD solution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duckworthrc@ornl.gov; paranthamanm@ornl.gov; bhuiyanms@ornl.gov; listfaiii@ornl.gov; gougemj@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3159 EP 3162 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897989 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900157 ER PT J AU Grilli, F Ashworth, SP AF Grilli, Francesco Ashworth, Stephen P. TI Quantifying AC losses in YBCO coated conductor coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC losses; finite-element method; high-temperature superconductors; interacting tapes; superconducting coils ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; STRIP AB In superconducting coils tapes are often closely packed in a configuration similar to a "z-stack", which strongly influences the AC losses with respect to when tapes can be considered as separate objects: losses are reduced in the presence of externally applied AC magnetic field, but are increased in the presence of AC transport current. In this paper, we quantify the magnitude of the tape interaction and the AC losses of these two cases, both experimentally and by means of finite-element method simulations. We also discuss the experimental issues arisen with the utilized AC loss measurement technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrilli@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3187 EP 3190 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899566 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900164 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Wang, H Lin, Y Li, Y Wetteland, C Brown, GW Hawley, M Maiorov, B Foltyn, SR Civale, L Arendt, PN MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Jia, Q. X. Wang, H. Lin, Y. Li, Y. Wetteland, C. Brown, G. W. Hawley, M. Maiorov, B. Foltyn, S. R. Civale, L. Arendt, P. N. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. TI Microstructural evolution with the change in thickness of superconducting films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE conductors; high-temperature superconductors; thick films; thin films ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEPENDENCE; DEPOSITION AB Microstructural evolution with the change in thickness of superconducting YBa2CU3O7-x films on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates deposited by pulsed laser deposition was evaluated using different structural characterization tools. A noticeable degradation of crystallinity with the increased film thickness was detected. Nevertheless, a comprehensive relationship between the microstructure and the zero-field current-density can not be established solely based on the degradation of crystallinity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3243 EP 3246 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898941 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900178 ER PT J AU Feenstra, R List, FA Zhang, Y Christen, DK Maroni, VA Miller, DJ Feldmann, DM AF Feenstra, R. List, F. A. Zhang, Y. Christen, D. K. Maroni, V. A. Miller, D. J. Feldmann, D. M. TI Characterization of phase evolution in YBCO coated conductors produced by the ex situ BaF2 process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductors; Raman spectroscopy; superconducting epitaxial layers; thick films ID PRECURSOR FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; YBA2CU3O7-X; CONVERSION AB Raman microprobe spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the initial nucleation and growth of YBCO in thick precursors by the BaF2 ex situ process. For quenched films of 2 mu m thickness, the data indicate a low density of c-axis nuclei near the substrate, apparently due to a reduced oxygen concentration deep inside the precursor layer. Significant non c-axis growth was also observed; the majority of this material nucleates away from the substrate. Measurement of the conversion rate by in situ XRD for films in the range 0.2-2 mu m suggest a weak thickness dependence. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Appl Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feenstra, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM feenstrar@ornl.gov; maroni@cmt.anl.gov; feldmann@cae.wise.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3254 EP 3258 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899994 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900181 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Coulter, JY Civale, L Li, XP Zhang, W Huang, YB Kodenkandath, T Rupich, MW AF Holesinger, Terry G. Maiorov, Boris Coulter, James Y. Civale, Leonardo Li, Xiaoping Zhang, Wei Huang, Yibing Kodenkandath, Thomas Rupich, Martin W. TI Key microstructural features of MOD YBa2Cu3O7-partial derivative films on textured nickel substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductor; microscopy; microstructure; wires ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7 THIN-FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; CRITICAL CURRENTS; GROWTH; TRIFLUOROACETATES; BA2YCU3O7-X; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; PRECURSORS AB Key features of the microstructure in high critical current density (J(c)) MOD Y1Ba2CU3Oy (YBCO) films on biaxially-textured nickel substrates with intervening buffer layers are presented. 0.8 mu m. thick MOD YBCO films on the 4 cm wide RABiTS templates have 77 K, self-field J(c) and I-c values exceeding 3 MA/cm(2) and 250 A/cm-width, respectively. MOD YBCO films have a laminar grain structure with a high density of YBa2Cu4Oy (Y124) intergrowths, which give rise to an enhanced peak in angular anisotropy measurements of J(c) when the applied field is parallel to the ab planes of the YBCO films. Other key aspects of MOD YBCO films related to the laminar growth mode and layered microstructure are grain boundary overgrowth, grain boundary meandering, colony microstructures, incoherent precipitates of Y2O3 and Y2Cu2O5, and phase separations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Super Conduct technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Super Conduct technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM holesinger@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3259 EP 3262 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897456 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900182 ER PT J AU Matias, V Gibbons, BJ Hanisch, J Steenwelle, RJA Dowden, P Rowley, J Coulter, JY Peterson, D AF Matias, Vladimir Gibbons, Brady J. Haenisch, Jens Steenwelle, Ruud J. A. Dowden, Paul Rowley, John Coulter, J. Yates Peterson, Dean TI Experiments using continuous fabrication of IBAD-MgO based coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-temperature superconductors; superconducting filaments and wires; superconducting films AB The reel-to-reel coated conductor facilities at Los Alamos National Laboratory enable electropolishing, ion-beam assist deposited (IBAD) MgO texturing, buffer layer deposition, REBaCuO pulsed laser deposition and position dependent critical current measurements, all in a continuous fashion. These systems allow development of long-length coated conductors as well as high-throughput experimentation by linear combinatorial design. We discuss how we utilize the deposition systems to obtain thickness profiles and study the properties of the films as a function of thickness. In particular we demonstrate that texture improves with thickness of epitaxial layers, whether homoepitaxial MgO or heteroepitaxial YBCO. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlado@lanl.gov RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3263 EP 3265 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899357 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900183 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Phok, S Xu, YL Bhattacharya, R AF Bhattacharya, Raghu N. Phok, Sovannary Xu, Yongli Bhattacharya, Rabi TI Electrodeposited biaxially textured buffer layers for YBCO superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE buffers; electrochemical process; superconducting tapes; yttrium compounds ID OXIDE-FILMS; DEPOSITION; GROWTH AB Nonvacuum electrodeposition (ED) was used to prepare a biaxially textured Gd2Zr2O7 (GZO) buffer layer on a Ni-W substrates. The GZO buffer layer was capped with a pulsed laser deposited (PLD) CeO2 layer. The YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) superconductor was deposited by metallorganic deposition (MOD) on a simplified ED - GZO/PLD - CeO2 buffer layer. The buffer layers and YBCO superconductor were characterized by X-ray diffraction (including theta/2 theta, pole figure, omega scans, and phi scans), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Full-width at half maximum values of the omega (omega) and phi (Phi) scans of the electrodeposited GZO layer were better than those of the Ni-W base substrate. At 77 K and a self-magnetic field, the critical current density of MOD YBCO on the electrodeposited-based buffer layer was 1.31 x 10(6) A/cm(2), using the field criterion of 1 mu V/cm. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Raghu_Bhattacharya@nrel.gov; Sovannary_Phok@nrel.gov; yxu@ues.com; rbhattacharya@ues.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3321 EP 3324 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898936 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900198 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Bhuiyan, MS Martin, PM Aytug, T Kim, K Fayek, A Leonard, KJ Li, J Goyal, A Kodenkandath, T Li, X Zhang, W Rupich, MW AF Paranthaman, M. P. Sathyamurthy, S. Bhuiyan, M. S. Martin, P. M. Aytug, T. Kim, K. Fayek, M. Leonard, K. J. Li, J. Goyal, A. Kodenkandath, T. Li, X. Zhang, W. Rupich, M. W. TI MOD Buffer/YBCO approach to fabricate low-cost second generation HTS wires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE chemical solution deposition; electron microscopy; high temperature superconductors; transport property measurements; x-ray measurements ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTOR WIRES; DEPOSITION; TEMPLATES AB The metal organic deposition (MOD) of buffer layers on RABiTS substrates is considered a potential, low-cost approach to manufacturing high performance Second Generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires. The typical architecture used by American Superconductor in their 2G HTS wire consists of a Ni-W (5 at.%) substrate with a reactively sputtered Y2O3 seed layer, YSZ barrier layer and a CeO2 cap layer. This architecture supports critical currents of over 300 A/cm-width (77 K, self-field) with 0.8 mu m YBCO films deposited by the TFA-MOD process. The main challenge in the development of the MOD buffers is to match or exceed the performance of the standard vacuum deposited buffer architecture. We have recently shown that the texture and properties of MOD - La2Zr2O7 (LZO) barrier layers can be improved by inserting a thin sputtered Y2O3 seed layer and prepared MOD deposited LZO layers followed by MOD or RF sputtered CeO2 cap layers that support MOD-YBCO films with I-c's of 200 and 255 A/cm-width, respectively. Detailed X-ray and microstructural characterizations indicated that MOD - CeO2 cap reacted completely with MOD YBCO to form BaCeO3. However, sputtered CeO2 cap/MOD YBCO interface remains clean. By further optimizing the coating conditions and reducing the heat-treatment temperatures, we have demonstrated an I-c of 336 A/cm with improved LZO layers and sputtered CeO2 cap and exceeded the performance of that of standard vacuum deposited buffers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 05181 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paranthamanm@ornl.gov; MRupich@amsuper.com RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3332 EP 3335 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899636 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900201 ER PT J AU Goyal, A Li, J Martin, PM Gapud, A Specht, ED Paranthaman, M Li, X Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Rupich, MW AF Goyal, A. Li, J. Martin, P. M. Gapud, A. Specht, E. D. Paranthaman, M. Li, X. Zhang, W. Kodenkandath, T. Rupich, M. W. TI Enhanced flux-pinning in dy-doped, MOD YBCO films on RABiTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE angular dependence; coated conductor; critical current density; flux-pinning; intergrowths; MOD films; nanodots; RABiTS; stacking faults; wires ID DEPOSITION AB Significant enhancements in flux-pinning were obtained for Dy-doped, YBCO films via a metalorganic deposition (MOD) process on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS). It has been reported previously that incorporation of excess rare-earth ions during the MOD process, results in improvement of J(c) for H//c, however, a decrease in J(c) for H//ab is observed. We report here that by altering the processing conditions the reduction in the magnitude of the current peak for H//ab can be minimized while significantly enhancing the random pinning at all field orientations. The result is a YBCO film with significantly reduced anisotropy compared to the typical YBCO films prepared by the MOD process. This is accomplished by incorporating both a high density of stacking faults and (Dy, Y)(2) O-3 nanoparticles which result in the strong pinning for H//ab and a broad pinning peak for H//c respectively. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goyala@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3340 EP 3342 DI 10.1109/TASC-2007.898957 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900203 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Huang, Y Li, X Kodenkandath, T Rupich, MW Schoop, U Verebelyi, DT Thieme, CLH Siegal, E Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Civale, L Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Li, J Martin, PM Specht, ED Goyal, A Paranthaman, MP AF Zhang, W. Huang, Y. Li, X. Kodenkandath, T. Rupich, M. W. Schoop, U. Verebelyi, D. T. Thieme, C. L. H. Siegal, E. Holesinger, T. G. Maiorov, B. Civale, L. Miller, D. J. Maroni, V. A. Li, J. Martin, P. M. Specht, E. D. Goyal, A. Paranthaman, M. P. TI Control of Flux pinning in MOD YBCO coated conductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE angular dependence; coated conductor; hybrid; intergrowth; nanodots; pinning; RABiTS; RE addition; YBCO ID FILMS; WIRES AB Two different types of defect structures have been identified to be responsible for the enhanced pinning in Metal Organic Deposited YBCO films. Rare earth additions result in the formation of nanodots in the YBCO matrix, which form uncorrelated pinning centers, increasing pinning in all magnetic field orientations. 124-type intergrowths, which form as laminar structures parallel to the ab-plane, are responsible for the large current enhancement when the magnetic field is oriented in the ab-plane. TEM studies showed that the intergrowths emanate from cuprous; containing secondary phase particles, whose density is partially controlled by the rare earth doping level. Critical process parameters have been identified to control this phase formation, and therefore, control the 124 intergrowth formation. This work has shown that through process control and proper conductor design, either by adjusting the composition or by multiple coatings of different functional layers, the desired angular dependence can be achieved. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM wzhang@amsuper.com RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3347 EP 3350 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899438 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900205 ER PT J AU List, FA Kodenkandath, T Rupich, MW AF List, F. A. Kodenkandath, T. Rupich, M. W. TI Fabrication of filamentary YBCO coated conductor by inkjet printing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC losses; coated conductors; ink jet printing; YBCO; 2G ID AC LOSSES; PRECURSOR FILMS AB Inkjet printing is a potentially low cost, high rate method for depositing precursors for filamentary YBCO coated conductors. The method offers considerable flexibility of filament pattern, width, and thickness. Using standard solution precursors and RABiTS substrates, the printing, processing, and properties of some inkjet-derived filamentary YBCO coated conductors for Second Generation (2G) wire are demonstrated on a laboratory scale. Some systematic variations of growth rate and critical transport current with filament width are observed and discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP List, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fal@ornl.gov; tkodenkandath@amsuper.com; mrupich@amsuper.com NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3355 EP 3358 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899991 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900207 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Rupich, MW Li, X Huang, Y Kodenkandath, T Civale, L Maiorov, B Holesinger, TG AF Arenal, R. Miller, D. J. Maroni, V. A. Rupich, M. W. Li, X. Huang, Y. Kodenkandath, T. Civale, L. Maiorov, B. Holesinger, T. G. TI Characterization of Er-added YBCO coated conductor produced by metal organic deposition (MOD) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE flux pinning; metal-organic-deposition (MOD); planar defect; rare earth addition; superconducting filaments and wires; YBCO ID METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The effects of adding Er3+ to the trifluoroacetate precursor solution used to produce YBa2Cu3O7-X thin films by the MOD method have been investigated. Er-added MOD YBCO films, applied to RABiTS-based substrates, were examined by in-field transport, electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Er additions up to Er/Y = 1.0 have been studied. Consequences to the, chemistry, microstructure, and electro-magnetic performance of fully processed coated conductor samples were determined. As expected, the added Er increases the relative concentration of atoms that tend to occupy the "Y" position in the YBCO lattice, however, Er3+ crystal field effects seen in Raman spectra of the Er-added samples indicate that there is little or no Er substitution on the Ba or Cu2 sites. Some Er3+ appears on Y sites in the YBCO; the remainder is found as nano-sized (Er, Y)(2)O-3 precipitates. Current transport measurements as a function of field angle show that Jc increases with H//c but decreases with H//ab as the Er/Y ratio increases towards 0.5. The increased H//c flux pinning is attributed to the Er-rich nano-precipitates; the decreased H//ab flux pinning is attributed to a monotonic reduction in the number of planar defects with increasing Er/Y value. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Amer Superconductor, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arenal@anl.gov; miller@anl.gov; maroni@cmt.anl.gov; mrupich@amsuper.com; xli@amsuper.com; yhuang@amsuper.com; tkodenkandath@amsuper.com; lcivale@lani.gov; maiorov@lanl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113; Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3359 EP 3362 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899950 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900208 ER PT J AU Coulter, JY Hanisch, J Willis, JO Civale, L Pierce, WK AF Coulter, J. Yates Haenisch, Jens Willis, Jeffrey O. Civale, Leonardo Pierce, Warren K. TI Position and magnetic field angle dependent I-c for long-length coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE anisotropy; coated conductor; critical current density; long length characterization ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; FILMS AB To measure the critical current of a long coated conductor tape as a function of angle, I-c(theta),where theta is the angle between the magnetic field B and the c-axis direction, we have solved the problems of measurement system geometry, size, and cost by developing a cryogenic rotator containing permanent magnets to change the angle of the applied field. Central magnetic fields of 0.3 T and 0.53 T have been generated. For position dependent measurements, a device, similar in design to a large audio cassette, translates the superconductor tape through the magnetic field region. To demonstrate the usefulness of this device, we present results on the position-dependent critical current anisotropy at 75 K for a 5 m long YBCO coated conductor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coulter, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jycoulter@lanl.gov RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011; OI Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3394 EP 3397 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898944 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900217 ER PT J AU Groves, JR Arendt, PN Holesinger, TG DePaula, RF Stan, L Usov, IO Hammond, RH AF Groves, James R. Arendt, Paul N. Holesinger, Terry G. DePaula, Raymond F. Stan, Liliana Usov, Igor O. Hammond, Robert H. TI Dual ion assist beam processing of magnesium oxide template layers for 2nd generation coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE buffer layers; ion beam assisted deposition; magnesium oxide; superconductivity ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THICK-FILMS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; IBAD-MGO; DEPOSITION; YBCO; TEXTURE AB Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) has been shown to be a viable route for producing biaxially textured template films on flexible polycrystalline metal substrates for high-performance coated conductor development. We have refined the technique of IBAD by using a dual ion assist approach. Dual ion assist beam deposition (DIBAD) of MgO reduces the requirements for substrate surface finishing while maintaining comparable film quality (phi scan full-width at half-maximum values between 7 and 8 degrees). Furthermore, this adaptation of the IBAD process eliminates the degradation of MgO texture observed in IBAD MgO films deposited on silicon nitride. We have deposited films up to 50 nanometers thick without degradation of the in-plane texture. Increasing the MgO thickness increases the chemical stability of template layer and can eliminate the necessity for subsequent buffer layers or the application of the homoepitaxial MgO layer needed to stabilize the thin, conventional IBAD MgO layer. The initial performance of coated conductors made with DIBAD templates is quite promising. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Groves, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jgroves@lanl.gov; rhammond@stanford.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3402 EP 3405 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898825 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900219 ER PT J AU Stan, L Arendt, PN Wang, HY Foltyn, SR Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Civale, L Usov, IO Groves, JR DePaula, RF Li, YL AF Stan, Liliana Arendt, Paul N. Wang, Haiyan Foltyn, Stephen R. Holesinger, Terry G. Maiorov, Boris Civale, Leonardo Usov, Igor O. Groves, James R. DePaula, Raymond F. Li, Yuan L. TI Study of SmxZr1-xOy buffer layer and its effects on YBCO properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE buffers; high temperature superconductors; sputtering; thin films ID YBA2CU3O7 COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; DEPOSITION; FILMS; TEMPLATES; GROWTH AB Biaxially textured SmxZr1-xOy (SZO) thin films have been grown directly on an ion beam assisted deposited (IBAD) MgO template, without using an intermediate homoepitaxial MgO layer. SZO buffer layers were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering of a Sm (50 at.%)-Zr (50 at.%) alloy target. The SZO texture is similar to that of the MgO template. Epitaxial YBCO films, similar to 1 mu m-thick, grown by pulsed laser deposition on SZO buffered coated conductors have high critical current densities. The in-field measurements indicate that superconducting samples with SZO as buffer are as good as STO/homoepitaxial MgO buffered samples. These results demonstrate that SZO is an appropriate buffer for the fabrication of low cost YBCO/IBAD MgO coated conductors with excellent transport properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stan, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lilianas@lanl.gov; wangh@ece.tamu.edu RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3409 EP 3412 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898336 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900221 ER PT J AU Heatherly, L Hsu, H Wee, SH Li, J Sathyarnurthy, S Paranthaman, M Goyal, A AF Heatherly, L. Hsu, H. Wee, S. H. Li, J. Sathyarnurthy, S. Paranthaman, M. Goyal, A. TI Slot die coating and conversion of LZO on rolling assisted biaxially textured Ni-W substrates with and without a very thin seed layer in low vacuum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE buffers; LZO; RABiTS; slot-die; texture; XRD AB Slot die coating and conversion of La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffer layers were performed on rolling assisted biaxially textured Ni-W with and without thin Y2O3 seed layers. The slot die coating, drying and processing were all performed using reel to-reel systems. The slot die coated LZO precursor films were then reacted under a variety of conditions and the texture and morphology development were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The conversion conditions were optimized to produce the highest degree of texture in the LZO films. This paper will describe the equipment used for depositing the LZO films and describe the texture and morphology of LZO films optimized for supporting the growth of high Ic (>300 amps per centimeter width) YBCO superconducting films. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heatherly, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM heatherlyljr@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3417 EP 3419 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897431 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900223 ER PT J AU Li, X Rupich, MW Kodenkandath, T Huang, Y Zhang, W Siegal, E Verebelyi, DT Schoop, U Nguyen, N Thieme, C Chen, Z Feldman, DM Larbalestier, DC Holesinger, TG Civale, L Jia, QX Maroni, V Rane, MV AF Li, X. Rupich, M. W. Kodenkandath, T. Huang, Y. Zhang, W. Siegal, E. Verebelyi, D. T. Schoop, U. Nguyen, N. Thieme, C. Chen, Z. Feldman, D. M. Larbalestier, D. C. Holesinger, T. G. Civale, L. Jia, Q. X. Maroni, V. Rane, M. V. TI High critical current YBCO films prepared by an MOD process on RABiTS templates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high temperature superconductor; MOD; thick film; YBCO ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THICK-FILMS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; DEPOSITION; LAYERS AB The metal organic deposition (MOD) of YBCO High Temperature Superconducting films on RABiTS (Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates) templates has been developed at American Superconductor as a low-cost, scalable manufacturing process for the commercialization of the Second Generation (2G) HTS wire. The MOD process is based on the deposition of a trifluoroacetate (TFA) based metal organic precursor film which is converted, in an ex-situ process, to the superconducting YBCO film. A major goal of the development has been achieving high critical currents. This paper reports the preparation and characterization of MOD-YBCO films with critical currents exceeding 500 A/cm-w (77 K, self-field) using a scaleable thick film approach on RABiTS templates. The high critical current films were obtained through optimization of the precursor composition, nucleation and growth conditions. The through-thickness dependence of the critical current density of MOD films as a function of film thickness and a correlation of the through-thickness transport properties and microstructure of the thick MOD/RABiTS samples is reported. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM xli@amsuper.com RI Chen, Zhijun/D-2871-2009; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 9 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3553 EP 3556 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899440 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900257 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Hunt, RD List, FA Duckworth, RC AF Bhuiyan, M. S. Paranthaman, M. Sathyamurthy, S. Hunt, R. D. List, F. A. Duckworth, R. C. TI Development of modified MOD-TFA approach for YBCO film growth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE epitaxial growth; high-temperature superconductors; superconducting filaments and wires ID COATED CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; YBA2CU3O7 AB Low-cost coated-conductor fabrication methods are essential for various electric-power applications. Metal-organic-deposition (MOD) approach to grow both YBa2Cu3O7-6 (YBCO) and buffer layers on textured metal substrates is very promising towards fabrication of lower-cost second generation wires. YBCO coated conductors (CC) are being developed with high critical currents that should be sufficient for their extensive use in power applications. However, the present CC has high energy losses in ac magnetic field that are unacceptable. We have developed a modified MOD precursor route to deposit similar to 0.8 mu m thick YBCO films in a single coat that requires less than one-fifth of the pyrolysis time compared to the traditional MOD approach. We have also developed a filamentization technique of CC using ink-jet printing to reduce ac losses due to applied ac fields. The preliminary results of YBCO films deposited on standard RABiTS (CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/Ni - W) template yielded an 1, of 140 A/cm at 77 K and self- field. A modest reduction of ac loss was observed for the solution ink-jet printed filamentary conductor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM s9r@ornl.gov; p11@ornl.gov; ssk@ornl.gov; h46@ornl.gov; fal@ornl.gov; rdt@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3557 EP 3560 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898909 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900258 ER PT J AU Hanisch, J Matias, V Rowley, J Steenwelle, R Gibbons, BJ Grilli, F Ashworth, S AF Haenisch, Jens Matias, Vladimir Rowley, John Steenwelle, Ruud Gibbons, Brady J. Grilli, Francesco Ashworth, Stephen TI Stacks of YBCO films using multiple IBAD templates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE IBAD; multilayers; PLD; sol-gel; superconducting thin films ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; MGO AB In this paper we present initial results on growing YBCO/IBAD-MgO/YBCO stacks. Amorphous Y2O3 layers, deposited by sol-gel, are used to level the YBCO surface. Since the YBCO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition are relatively rough, preparing a smooth surface on top of YBCO for IBAD texturing is a major challenge for this structure. For all substrates studied-polished and unpolished metal tape and YBCO-we were able to reduce the roughness of the substrate using the sol-gel layer, with multiple coatings being more effective. First it is demonstrated that high quality YBCO films can be deposited on sol-gel-Y2O3/IBAD-MgO templates. Second it is shown that the sol-gel and the IBAD process do not affect the superconducting properties of the underlying YBCO film. Finally, a superconducting YBCO bilayer stack is demonstrated. Improvements in the properties of the top YBCO layer is expected when the surface roughness is reduced further for deposition of subsequent IBAD-textured layers. This new technology should enable novel designs of coated conductors for reduced AC losses and increased J(e). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanisch, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM haenisch@lanl.gov RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3577 EP 3580 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898948 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900263 ER PT J AU Born, D Stornaiuolo, D Tafuri, F Medaglia, PG Orgiani, P Balestrino, G Lombardi, F Kirtley, JR Kogan, VG AF Born, Detlef Stornaiuolo, Daniela Tafuri, Francesco Medaglia, Pier G. Orgiani, Pasquale Balestrino, Giuseppe Lombardi, Floriana Kirtley, John R. Kogan, Vladimir. G. TI CaBaCuO ultrathin films and junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE high-T-c films; Josephson junctions; multilayers; Perl vortex dynamics; superlattices; thin films; vortex quantum tunneling ID DISSIPATION AB We investigated transport properties of ultrathin CaBaCuO (CBCO) bridges, focusing on vortex dynamics, and Josephson bicrystal junctions. The CBCO films used are composed of a stacking sequence of two structural subunits having different functions, namely a Ba-based charge reservoir (CR) block and a Ca-based infinite layer (IL) superconducting block. SQUID microscopy investigations of these films provide Pearl lengths A more than the bridge widths. Measuring current-voltage characteristics we found evidence that at high temperatures the vortices are thermally activated at the edge of the bridge and pushed in, causing dissipation and a power-law dependence of the voltage from the current. At lower temperatures, the experimental curves change their shape. We compared these data with the predicted behavior for vortex quantum tunneling and we found very good agreement. Moreover, we have realized Josephson junctions composed of only a few superconducting CuO2 planes. The CBCO films used in these experiments are only 8 nm thick and have six superconducting CUO2 planes. The simple structure of the GB allows a reliable estimation of the coupling along the ab planes of the CuO2. We calculate for 24 degrees symmetric and asymmetric cases a critical current density per plane of about (1-3) kA/cm(2). C1 Univ Naples Federico 2, CNR, INFM, I-08126 Naples, Italy. Seconda Univ Napoli, I-81031 Aversa, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, CNR, INFM, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Chalmers, Dept Microelect & Nanosci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Born, D (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, CNR, INFM, I-08126 Naples, Italy. EM mail@d-born.de; stornaiuolo@na.infn.it; tafuri@na.infn.it RI Orgiani, Pasquale/E-7146-2013; OI Orgiani, Pasquale/0000-0002-1082-9651; Tafuri, Francesco/0000-0003-0784-1454 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3581 EP 3584 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899390 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900264 ER PT J AU Kim, K Zhang, Y Feenstra, R Christen, DK Christen, HM Cook, S List, FA Tao, J Pennycook, SJ Zuev, Y AF Kim, K. Zhang, Y. Feenstra, R. Christen, D. K. Christen, H. M. Cook, S. List, F. A. Tao, J. Pennycook, S. J. Zuev, Y. TI YBa2Cu3O7-delta formation by processing of laser-ablated, fluorine-free precursor films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE fluorine free process; high temperature superconductors (HTS); precursor films; pulsed laser deposition (PLD); YBCO processing ID THIN-FILMS; YBCO; FABRICATION; PHASE AB Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) was formed by processing of laser-ablated, fluorine-free precursor films. The depositions were conducted at room temperature in low oxygen pressure on LaAlO3 (LAO) single crystal substrates. Processing was done in the same deposition chamber by heating the precursor film to reaction temperatures of 750-850 degrees C in a reducing gas ambient, and then raising the oxygen pressure to the conversion point. Typical processing times are a few minutes, corresponding to minimum YBCO growth rates of 1 nm/s. XRD analysis shows epitaxial growth and high crystallinity, although measured T-c values are somewhat suppressed at 88 K, with resulting critical current density, J(c) of about 1 MA/cm(2) at 77 K, as determined by magnetic hysteresis. Properties indicate that the materials lack appro- priate level of defects needed both for rapid oxygenation and flux pinning. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct & Energy Efficient Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Funct Heterostruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Electron Microscopy Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct & Energy Efficient Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimk@ornl.gov; christenhm@ornl.gov; taoj@ornl.gov RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3624 EP 3627 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898931 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900275 ER PT J AU Sathyamurthy, S Leonard, KJ Bhuiyan, MS Aytug, T Kang, S Hunt, RD Martin, PM Paranthaman, M AF Sathyamurthy, S. Leonard, K. J. Bhuiyan, M. S. Aytug, T. Kang, S. Hunt, R. D. Martin, P. M. Paranthaman, M. TI Low-cost approaches for flux-pinning enhancements in YBCO films using solution processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE flux-pinning; high temperature superconductors; oxide nanoparticles; reverse micelle process ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; COATED CONDUCTORS; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION; WIRES AB Nanoparticles of several oxides have been synthesized using reverse micelle process. Microemulsions containing n-octane as the oil phase, cetyl trimethylammoniurn bromide and 1-butanol as surfactants, and an aqueous solution of metal nitrates and sodium hydroxide were used as the reaction medium. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized using differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The application of these particles for flux-pinning enhancements has been studied. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sathyamurths@ornl.gov; leonardk@ornl.gov; bhuiyanms@ornl.gov; aytugt@ornl.gov; skang@ornl.gov; huntrd@ornl.gov; martinpm@ornl.gov; paranthamanm@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3668 EP 3671 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898885 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900285 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Goyal, A Martin, PM Li, J Paranthaman, M Heatherly, L AF Wee, S. H. Goyal, A. Martin, P. M. Li, J. Paranthaman, M. Heatherly, L. TI Fabrication of High-J(c) NdBa2Cu3O7-delta and BaZrO3-doped NdBa2Cu3O7-delta films on RABiTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE BaZrO3 nanodots; critical current density; flux-pinning; NdBa2Cu3O7-delta films; RABiTS ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; CRYSTALS AB Critical current densities (J(c)) over 2 MA/cm(2) have been obtained for epitaxial NdBa2Cu3O7-delta (NdBCO) films deposited via pulsed laser deposition on RABiTS having the configuration of Ni - 3at.%W/Y2O3/YSZ/CeO2. Compared to YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on RABiTS, enhanced J(c) in applied magnetic fields is observed for the NdBCO films. Further improvement in in-field J, is achieved by incorporation of self-assembled BaZrO3 (BZO) nanodots within the NdBCO film. At intermediate fields J(c) varies as J(c) similar to H-alpha, with a values for un-doped and BZO-doped films being similar to 0.43 and similar to 0.37 respectively, significantly lower than a similar to 0.52 for pure YBCO films. Combined effects of better pinning in NdBCO films over YBCO films as well as creation of columnar defects via incorporation of self-assembled BZO nanodots, result in significant improvement over pure YBCO films on RABiTS. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wees@ornl.gov; goyala@ornl.gov; martinpm@ornl.gov; lij2@ornl.gov; paranthamannl@ornl.gov; heatherlyljr@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3672 EP 3674 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899372 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900286 ER PT J AU Maiorov, B Jia, QX Zhou, H Wang, H Li, Y Kursunovic, A MacManus-Driscoll, JL Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Foltyn, SR Civale, L AF Maiorov, B. Jia, Q. X. Zhou, H. Wang, H. Li, Y. Kursunovic, A. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. Foltyn, S. R. Civale, L. TI Effects of the variable Lorentz force on the critical current in anisotropic superconducting thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE critical current; Lorentz force; superconducting films; superconducting tapes; vortex pinning ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; AB-PLANE; FIELD; DEPENDENCE; TEXTURE AB When a current is applied perpendicular to the vortex lattice (VL), Lorentz force may cause the VL to drift and flux-flow dissipation is observed. When the current is parallel to the applied magnetic field in a Force-Free (FF) configuration, a dissipation is also observed but at higher values of applied current. It has been suggested that pinning as well as free surfaces play an important role in the stabilization of the VL in the FF configuration. In YBa2Cu3O7 thin films, FF configurations can be obtained when H I I ab with the current flowing parallel to the ab-planes. In this work we study the influence of thickness, growth method and pinning centers on the dissipation mechanism at Variable Lorentz Force and FF configurations. Comparisons of experiments done at Maximum and Variable Lorentz Force show that there are two pinning regimes when the field is rotated in these configurations; one consistent with only a decrease in the applied force, indicated by the overlap of the power law exponent of the current-voltage curves as the field is rotated toward the ab-planes, and another very close to the ab-planes, where the dissipation characteristics change. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Wright Patterson AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maiorov, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maiorov@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3697 EP 3700 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898364 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900292 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Gapud, AA Kang, S Varela, M Martin, PM Raitano, JM Chan, SW Thompson, JR Christen, DK AF Aytug, T. Paranthaman, M. Gapud, A. A. Kang, S. Varela, M. Martin, P. M. Raitano, J. M. Chan, S.-W. Thompson, J. R. Christen, D. K. TI Substrate surface decoration with CeO2 nanoparticles: An effective method for improving flix pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE coated conductors; flux pinning; high temperature superconductivity; nanoparticles; surface decoration ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE; NANODOTS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ENHANCEMENT; CENTERS AB We have demonstrated improved critical current density, J(c), in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films through a controlled study of substrate surface modifications with nano-sized second-phase pre-formed CeO2 particles. Nanoparticles were applied to single crystal SrTiO3 surfaces using suspension-based techniques prior to YBCO film growth. With the introduction of CeO2 nanoparticles, YBCO films showed more robust field dependence at intermediate fields (J(c) alpha B-alpha), where a smaller power law exponent of alpha similar to 0.3 is obtained. The self-field J(c) (77 K, B parallel to c) values of the YBCO films on reference and CeO2 modified substrates are 1.1 and 1.9 MA/cm(2); and at 1 Tesla 0.1 and 0.52 MA/cm(2), respectively. Consistent with this alpha-value, angular field dependent J(c) and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the presence of c-axis aligned correlated defects in these modified samples. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Phys, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3720 EP 3723 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899492 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900298 ER PT J AU Backen, E Hanisch, J Huhne, R Tscharntke, K Engel, S Thersleff, T Schultz, L Holzapfel, B AF Backen, Elke Haenisch, Jens Huehne, Ruben Tscharntke, Karolin Engel, Sebastian Thersleff, Thomas Schultz, Ludwig Holzapfel, Bernhard TI Improved pinning in YBCO based quasi-multilayers prepared by on- and off-axis pulsed laser deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE coated conductors; off-axis PLD; pinning; quasi-multilayers ID THIN-FILMS AB At higher magnetic fields, the critical current density J(c) in coated conductors based on biaxially textured metal substrates is limited by the intragrain pinning properties. Therefore, artificial pinning centers were introduced in Y123 films using on-axis as well as off-axis pulsed laser deposition. The nanosized particles were prepared using a quasi-multilayer approach where Hf metal layers having a thickness less than one unit cell were incorporated into Y123 films. Due to the oxidizing deposition atmosphere and solid state reaction with the Y123 phase, nanometer sized perovskite precipitates, which are biaxially textured with a well-defined relationship towards the Y123 lattice were formed. The pinning properties and the J(c) anisotropy were characterized using magneto-transport measurements at various fields and temperatures. A significant improvement of J(c) as well as irreversibility field B-irr could be observed in the off-axis deposited quasi-multilayers. C1 Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Backen, E (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM e.backen@ifw-dresden.de; b.holzapfel@ifw-dresden.de RI Holzapfel, Bernhard/D-3669-2009; Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010; Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011; Huhne, Ruben/E-5017-2011 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3733 EP 3736 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897937 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900301 ER PT J AU Wake, M Yamada, R AF Wake, Masayoshi Yamada, Ryuji TI FEM calculation of magnetization process in a multi-filamentary superconductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE finite element methods; losses; magnetic hysteresis; magnetization processes; simulation; superconducting composites; superconducting filaments and wires ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD; MOTION; WIRES AB Superconductor magnetization was calculated using commercial FEM program. It is easy to create models of complex structures if we use commercial programs. Calculating superconductor magnetization using such program requires some techniques because commercially available FEM programs are made only for specific problems such as thermal, deformation and field calculation. We have successfully made a simulation of flux motion and magnetization using ANSYS. Flux motion in multi-filamentary Nb3Sn conductor with superconducting diffusion barrier was vividly seen as a motion picture. Fluxes spreads after penetrating through barrier and penetration into each filament take place. Magnetization curves of Bean model and variable Jc models were reasonably calculated. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 30510 USA. RP Wake, M (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM wake@post.kek.jp; yamada@fnal.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3741 EP 3744 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899363 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900303 ER PT J AU Gurvits, L Shorten, R Mason, O AF Gurvits, L. Shorten, R. Mason, O. TI On the stability of switched positive linear systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE positive linear systems; stability theory; switched linear systems ID MATRICES AB It was recently conjectured that the Hurwitz stability of the convex hull of a set of Metzler matrices is a necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the associated switched linear system under arbitrary switching. In this note, we show that 1) this conjecture is true for systems constructed from a pair of second-order Metzler matrices; 2) the conjecture is true for systems constructed from an arbitrary finite number of second-order Metzler matrices; and 3) the conjecture is in general false for higher order systems. The implications of our results, both for the design of switched positive linear systems, and for research directions that arise as a result of our work, are discussed toward the end of the note. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NUI Maynooth, Hamilton Inst, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gurvits@lani.gov; robert.shorten@nuim.ie; oliver.mason@nuim.ie OI Mason, Oliver/0000-0003-3797-8136 NR 20 TC 157 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1109/TAC.2007.899057 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 180HI UT WOS:000247353300016 ER PT J AU Current, KW Yuk, K McConaghy, C Gascoyne, PRC Schwartz, JA Vykoukal, JV Andrews, C AF Current, K. Wayne Yuk, Kelvin McConaghy, Charles Gascoyne, Peter R. C. Schwartz, Jon A. Vykoukal, Jody V. Andrews, Craig TI A High-Voltage SOI CMOS Exciter Chip for a Programmable Fluidic Processor System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE High-voltage (HV) electrodes; IC exciter chip; droplet movement AB A high-voltage (HV) integrated circuit has been demonstrated to transport fluidic droplet samples on programmable paths across the array of driving electrodes on its hydrophobically coated surface. This exciter chip is the engine for dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based micro-fluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, creating field excitations that inject and move fluidic droplets onto and about the manipulation surface. The architecture of this chip is expandable to arrays of N x N identical HV electrode driver circuits and electrodes. The exciter chip is programmable in several senses. The routes of multiple droplets may be set arbitrarily within the bounds of the electrode array. The electrode excitation waveform voltage amplitude, phase, and frequency may be adjusted based on the system configuration and the signal required to manipulate a particular fluid droplet composition. The voltage amplitude of the electrode excitation waveform can be set from the minimum logic level up to the maximum limit of the breakdown voltage of the fabrication technology. The frequency of the electrode excitation waveform can also be set independently of its voltage, up to a maximum depending upon the type of droplets that must be driven. The exciter chip can be coated and its oxide surface used as the droplet manipulation surface or it can be used with a top-mounted, enclosed fluidic chamber consisting of a variety of materials. The HV capability of the exciter chip allows the generated DEP forces to penetrate into the enclosed chamber region and an adjustable voltage amplitude can accommodate a variety of chamber floor thicknesses. This demonstration exciter chip has a 32 x 32 array of nominally 100 V electrode drivers that are individually programmable at each time point in the procedure to either of two phases: 0 and 180 with respect to the reference clock. For this demonstration chip, while operating the electrodes with a 100-V peak-to-peak periodic waveform, the maximum HV electrode waveform frequency is about 200 Hz; and standard 5-V CMOS logic data communication rate is variable up to 250 kHz. This HV demonstration chip is fabricated in a 130-V 1.0-mu m SOI CMOS fabrication technology, dissipates a maximum of 1.87 W, and is about 10.4 mm x 8.2 mm. C1 [Current, K. Wayne; Yuk, Kelvin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McConaghy, Charles] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Gascoyne, Peter R. C.; Schwartz, Jon A.; Vykoukal, Jody V.] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Andrews, Craig] Lynntech Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Current, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cur-rent@ece.udavis.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [N66001-97-C-8608]; Army Research Office [DAAD19-00-1-0515] FX This paper was supported in part by a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract N66001-97-C-8608 and the Army Research Office DAAD19-00-1-0515. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor A. Andreou. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4545 EI 1940-9990 J9 IEEE T BIOMED CIRC S JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1109/TBCAS.2007.908110 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA V10LR UT WOS:000207466000003 PM 23851665 ER PT J AU Small, W Buckley, PR Wilson, TS Benett, WJ Hartman, J Saloner, D Maitland, DJ AF Small, Ward Buckley, Patrick R. Wilson, Thomas S. Benett, William J. Hartman, Jonathan Saloner, David Maitland, Duncan J. TI Shape memory polymer stent with expandable foam: A new concept for endovascular embolization of fusiform aneurysms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE embolization; fusiform aneurysm; shape memory polymer; stent ID INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; IN-VITRO; POLYURETHANE; STROKE AB We demonstrate a new concept for endovascular embolization of nonnecked fusiform aneurysms. A device prototype consisting of a stent augmented with expandable foam, both made from shape memory polymer, was fabricated and deployed in an in vitro model. Visual observation indicated that the foam achieved embolization of the aneurysm while the stent maintained an open lumen in the parent artery. The shape memory polymer stent-foam device is a potential tool for treatment of nonnecked fusiform aneurysms, as well as an alternative to stent- and balloon-assisted coil embolization of wide-necked aneurysms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Small, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM small3@llnl.gov; buckley8@llnl.gov; wilson97@llnl.gov; benett1@llnl.gov; jonathan.hartman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; saloner@radmail.ucsf.edu; maitland1@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB000462, R01 EB000462] NR 17 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1160 DI 10.1109/TBME.2006.889771 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 172RM UT WOS:000246821700003 PM 17549908 ER PT J AU Myjak, MJ Delgado-Frias, JG AF Myjak, Mitchell J. Delgado-Frias, Jose G. TI Medium-grain cells for reconfigurable DSP hardware SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE digital signal processors (DSPs); digital systems; medium-grain reconfigurability; reconfigurable architectures; very-large-scale integration (VLSI) AB Reconfigurable hardware contains an array of programmable cells and interconnection structures. Field-programmable gate arrays use fine-grain cells that implement simple logic functions. Some proposed reconfigurable architectures for digital signal processing (DSP) use coarse-grain cells that perform 164 or 32-b operations. A third alternative is to use medium-grain cells with a word length of 4 or 8 b. This approach combines high flexibility with inherent support for binary arithmetic such as multiplication. This paper presents two medium-grain cells for reconfigurable DSP hardware. Both cells contain an array of small lookup tables, or "elements", that can assume two structures. In memory mode, the elements act as a random-access memory. In mathematics mode, the elements implement 4-b arithmetic operations. The first design uses a matrix of 4 x 4 elements and operates in bit-parallel fashion. The second design uses an array of five elements and computes arithmetic functions in bit-serial fashion. Layout simulations in 180-nm CMOS indicate that the parallel cell operates at 267 MHz, whereas the serial cell runs at 167 MHz. However, the parallel design requires over twice the area. The proposed medium-grain cells provide the performance and flexibility needed to implement DSP. To evaluate the designs, the paper estimates the execution time and resource utilization for common benchmarks such as the fast Fourier transform. The architecture model used in this analysis combines the cells with a pipelined hierarchical interconnection network. The end results show great promise compared to other devices, including field-programmable gate arrays. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Myjak, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mitchell.myjak@pnl.gov; jdelgado@eecs.wsu.edu OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1549-8328 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1265 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2007.895384 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 178YK UT WOS:000247256100009 ER PT J AU Batrakov, AV Onischenko, SA Proskurovsky, DI Johnson, DJ AF Batrakov, A. V. Onischenko, S. A. Proskurovsky, D. I. Johnson, D. J. TI On the variety of triggering mechanisms of high-voltage breakdown in vacuum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc DE vacuum breakdown; vacuum insulation; vacuum measurement ID STAINLESS-STEEL ELECTRODES; GAPS AB The paper is devoted to study of the mechanisms responsible for vacuum breakdown as a whole and the total voltage effect in particular. Experiments at dc and pulsed voltages were carried out. It has been shown that there is no manifestation of the total voltage effect at dc voltages up to 20 kV. The strong dependence of hold-off on anode temperature was recognized at dc voltages while pulsed hold-off turned out to be almost the same with heating the electrodes. This gives a basis to consider gas desorption as an insufficient factor in the initiation of pulsed breakdown. An attempt to enhance hold-off with electrostatic removing of loosely bound particles with assistance of electron flow from a thermionic cathode was undertaken in the work. The approach turned out to be ineffective. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, SD, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. RP Batrakov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, SD, 2-3 Akad Ave, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RI Batrakov, Alexander/E-1326-2014; Onischenko, Sergey/E-9752-2017 OI Batrakov, Alexander/0000-0003-3002-4276; Onischenko, Sergey/0000-0003-4409-1322 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2007.369511 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 174ZQ UT WOS:000246982000004 ER PT J AU Hanada, M Ikeda, Y Kamada, M Kikuchi, K Kornata, M Mogaki, K Umeda, N Usui, K Grisham, LR Kobayashi, S AF Hanada, Masaya Ikeda, Yoshitaka Kamada, Masaki Kikuchi, Katsumi Kornata, Masao Mogaki, Kazuhiko Umeda, Naotaka Usui, Katsutomi Grisham, Larry R. Kobayashi, Shinichi TI Correlation between voltage holding capability and light emission in a 500 keV electrostatic accelerator utilized for fusion application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc DE insulators; ion sources; lightning; large-scale systems ID ION BASED NBI; JT-60U; ITER AB Voltage holding capability in a 500 keV electrostatic accelerator with large FRP insulators was examined without the beam acceleration. When high voltage was applied, the light with a broad peak at a wavelength of 420 nm was mostly emitted inside the accelerator even though breakdown did not occur. The voltage holding capability has a strong correlation with the light intensity. Stable voltage holding was realized under the conditions in which light emission was well suppressed. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Saitama Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Syst, Sakura Ku, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RP Hanada, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 801-1 Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2007.369515 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 174ZQ UT WOS:000246982000008 ER PT J AU Kirkendall, B Li, YG Oldenburg, D AF Kirkendall, Barry Li, Yaoguo Oldenburg, Douglas TI Imaging cargo containers using gravity gradiometry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE density image; gravity measurement; inverse problems; optimization methods; robustness ID 3-D INVERSION; MAGNETIC DATA; ESTIMATOR; APPRAISAL AB Identifying fissile materials inside cargo shipping containers is a current national security need. We propose using the geophysical technique of gravity gradiometry to image cargo shipping containers for the purpose of detecting highdensity materials. We focus on developing the necessary numerical algorithms and carrying out feasibility studies without being concerned with engineering, instrumentation, and application issues. To obtain realistic images with sharp boundaries, robust estimators are applied to the model objective function of the inversion operator and coupled with a Huber norm to provide stable numerical computation. We explicitly form the linear and nonlinear resolution matrices to quantify the resolution errors and perform a funnel analysis to quantify the variance of the recovered densities. Assuming a realistic data acquisition pattern requiring a reasonable amount of time, we show that it is possible to identify high-density materials with a minimum volume of 15 cm(3). Finally, we provide a recovered density threshold to suggest the presence of high-density materials from an arbitrary recovered density model and apply this to two examples of recovering concealed fissile material from a cargo container. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kirkendall, B (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Kirkendall1@llnl.gov; ygli@mines.edu; doug@eos.ubc.ca NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1786 EP 1797 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.895427 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174FC UT WOS:000246926200004 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A AF Hoffmann, Axel TI Tenth Joint MMM-Intermag Conference 2007 - IEEE publication chair's preface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2083 EP 2083 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.896524 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200002 ER PT J AU Mihajlovic, G Xiong, P von Molnar, S Field, M Sullivan, GJ Ohtani, K Ohno, H AF Mihajlovic, Goran Xiong, Peng von Molnar, Stephan Field, Mark Sullivan, Gerard J. Ohtani, Keita Ohno, Hideo TI Submicrometer hall sensors for superparamagnetic nanoparticle detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE biodetection; InAs quantum well; magnetic nanoparticles; submicrometer Hall sensor ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSORS; FOCUSED ION-BEAM; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; SENSITIVE DIAGNOSTICS; PROBES; REGIME AB Submicrometer Hall sensors, with Hall cross width of similar to 250 nm, were fabricated from InAs/AlSb quantum well semiconductor hetcrostructures. The room-temperature device characteristics were examined by experimental Hall effect and electronic noise measurements combined with analytical calculations. The noise-equivalent magnetic moment resolution of the order of 10(4) mu(B)/root Hz was obtained at frequencies above similar to 1 kHz. We show that the devices can achieve single superparamagnetic nanoparticle detection and thus be employed in experiments involving single magnetically labeled biomolecule detection. C1 MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Teledyne Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Tohoku Univ, Lab Nanoelect & Spintron, Res Inst Elect Commun, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Mihajlovic, G (reprint author), MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mihajlovic@anl.gov RI Ohno, Hideo/E-6453-2010 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2400 EP 2402 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893123 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200105 ER PT J AU Liu, XQ Novosad, V Rozhkova, EA Chen, HT Yefremenko, V Pearson, J Torno, M Bader, SD Rosengart, AJ AF Liu, Xianqiao Novosad, Valentyn Rozhkova, Elena A. Chen, Haitao Yefremenko, Volodymyr Pearson, John Torno, Michael Bader, Sam D. Rosengart, Axel J. TI Surface functionalized biocompatible magnetic nanospheres for cancer hyperthermia SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE hyperthermia; magnetite; nanornedicine; nanospheres; surface functionalization ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AB We report a simplified single emulsion (oil-in-water) solvent evaporation protocol to synthesize surface functionalized biocompatible magnetic nanospheres by using highly concentrated hydrophobic magnetite (gel) and a mixture of poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid-block-polyethylene glycol-maleimide) (PLA-PEG-maleimide) (10:1 by mass) polymers. The as-synthesized particles are approximately spherical with an average diameter of 360-370 nm with polydispersity index of 0.12-0.18, are surface-functionalized with maleimide groups, and have saturation magnetization values of 25-40 emu/g. The efficiency of the heating induced by 400-kHz oscillating magnetic fields is compared for two samples with different magnetite loadings. Results show that these nanospheres have the potential to provide an efficient cancer-targeted hyperthermia. C1 Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60635 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, XQ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60635 USA. EM xqliu@uchicago.edu RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2462 EP 2464 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.894004 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200126 ER PT J AU Wang, C Wang, SG Kohn, A Ward, RCC Petford-Long, AK AF Wang, Chao Wang, Shouguo Kohn, Amit Ward, Roger C. C. Petford-Long, Amanda. K. TI Transmission electron microscopy study of the Fe(001)vertical bar MgO(001) interface for magnetic tunnel junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE electron microscopy; epitaxial growth; interface phenomena; oxidation; tunnel junction ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; RELAXATION; FE(001); MGO AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is employed to characterize ex situ the interface between the bottom Fe (001) electrode and MgO (001) barrier in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) deposited by molecular beam epitaxy. High resolution TEM images are compared with multislice-based simulations of oxidized and sharp interfaces to conclude that at least the part of the interface is not oxidized. In addition, the, spacing between the Fe and O layers at the interface is measured and found to be comparable with theoretical calculations in the literature of sharp interfaces. This result offers a methodology to characterize the interface structure of MTJs, which is important to determine the magneto-transport properties of the device. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM chao.wang@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Kohn, Amit/F-1559-2012; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014; Wang, Shouguo/D-5710-2016; wang, chao/E-2983-2016 OI Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090; Wang, Shouguo/0000-0002-4488-2645; NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2779 EP 2781 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893694 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200229 ER PT J AU Schmalhorst, J Ebke, D Sacher, MD Liu, NN Thomas, A Reiss, G Hutten, A Arenholz, E AF Schmalhorst, Jan Ebke, Daniel Sacher, Marc D. Liu, Ning-Ning Thomas, Andy Reiss, Guenter Huetten, Andreas Arenholz, Elke TI Chemical and magnetic interface properties of tunnel junctions with Co2MnSi/Co2FeSi multilayer electrode showing large tunneling magnetoresistance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Heusler alloys; Heulser compounds; magnetic interface properties; magnetic tunneling junctions; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FILMS; TEMPERATURE AB Transport, as well as chemical and magnetic interface properties of two kinds of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with Co2FeSi electrode, Al-O barrier, and Co-Fe counter electrode, are investigated. For junctions with Co2FeSi single-layer electrodes, a tunnel magnetoresistance of up to 52% is found after optimal annealing for an optimal Al thickness of 1.5 nm, whereas the room temperature bulk magnetization of the Co2FeSi film reaches only 75% of the expected value. By using a [Co2MnSi/Co2FeSi](x10) multilayer electrode, the magnetoresistance can be increased to 114%, corresponding to a large spin polarization of 0.74, and the full bulk magnetization is reached. For Al thickness smaller than 1 nm, the TMR of both kinds of MTJs decreases rapidly to zero. On the other hand, for 2- to 3-nm-thick Al, the TMR decreases only slowly. The Al thickness dependence of the TMR is directly correlated to the element-specific magnetic moments of Fe and Co at the Co2FeSi/Al-O interface for all Al thickness. Especially, for optimal Al thickness and annealing, the interfacial Fe moment of the single-layer electrode is about 20% smaller than for the multilayer electrode, indicating smaller atomic disorder at the barrier interface for the latter MTJ. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Dept Phys, Thin Films & Nano Struct, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Inst Nano Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmalhorst, J (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Phys, Thin Films & Nano Struct, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM jschmalh@physik.uni-bielefeld.de RI Ebke, Daniel/A-4357-2010; Schmalhorst, Jan/E-9951-2011; Hutten, Andreas/B-3524-2011; Thomas, Andy/C-7210-2008; Reiss, Gunter/A-3423-2010 OI Thomas, Andy/0000-0001-8594-9060; Reiss, Gunter/0000-0002-0918-5940 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2806 EP 2808 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893475 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200238 ER PT J AU Zhou, CG Schulthess, TC Mryasov, ON AF Zhou, Chenggang Schulthess, Thomas C. Mryasov, Oleg N. TI Magnetic anisotropy of FePt nanoparticles: Temperature-dependent free energy barrier for switching SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE magnetic anisotropy; magnetization reversal; Monte Carlo methods ID MODEL AB We report the calculation of free energy with constrained magnetization for L1(o) FePt nanoparticles. We employ an effective spin Hamiltonian model constructed on the basis of constrained density functional theory calculations for L1(o) FePt. In this model, the Fe spins (treated as classical spins in this paper) are coupled directly and via induced Pt moments with both isotropic and anisotropic interactions. Interactions mediated by the Stoner-enhanced Pt moment stabilize the ferromagnetic order and lead to a pronounced coordination dependence and long-range interactions. The free energy of these nanoparticles, as a function of the temperature and the constrained magnetization F(T, M-z), is calculated from the joint density of states g(E, M-z), using the extended Wang-Landau algorithm. The free energy barrier for magnetization reorientation is found to depend fairly linearly on the temperature in the ferromagnetic phase and vanishes in the paramagnetic phase. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Zhou, CG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouc@ornl.gov; tcschulthess@ornl.gov; oleg.mryasov@seagate.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2950 EP 2952 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893795 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200286 ER PT J AU Chun, YS Ohldag, H Krishnan, KM AF Chun, Y. S. Ohldag, Hendrik Krishnan, Kannan M. TI Spin reorientation transitions in perpendicularly exchange-coupled thin films studied using element specific imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE element specific imaging; exchange coupling; perpendicular domain; spin reorientation ID MAGNETIZATION; MICROSCOPY; ANISOTROPY AB Spatial variations in the spin-reorientation transition of an exchange-coupled Co-wedge/YIG (Y3Fe5OIL2) bilayer, from perpendicular to in-plane domain structure, was studied using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM). Even though MFM measurements of the YIG film showed perpendicular stripe domains, it was not possible to unambiguously resolve the domain structure of only the top ferromagnetic metal layer because of complications arising from the stray fields of the much thicker YIG underlayer. Hence, using element-specific, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, (XMCD) of the transition metal L-3,L-2 edges (Co and Fe, respectively) for magnetic contrast, PEEM measurements were carried out to resolve the domain structure of the individual Co and YIG layers. The two were identical up to a Co thickness of 4.5 nm, confirming that the Co layer was exchange coupled with the YIG underlayer; however, a transition of the Co domains, from perpendicular to in-plane, was observed at thickness of 4.5-6 nm. For thicker regions of the Co film (> 6 nm), a sizeable portion of the Co layer showed in-plane domains; their spins were perpendicular to the domain walls of the stripe domains with Co XMCD values in the range of -5% to +5%-a value much smaller than that of the perpendicular domains. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chun, YS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM chunys@u.washington.edu RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3004 EP 3006 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893419 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200304 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Fitzsimmons, MR Borchers, JA Ge, Z Liu, X Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, B. J. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Borchers, J. A. Ge, Z. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. TI Pinned spin depth profile of an oxidized-Mn/Ga1-xMnxAs exchange bias bilayer - The effects of overannealing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE exchange bias; magnetic semiconductors; neutron scattering ID ANISOTROPY; GA1-XMNXAS; (GA,MN)AS AB Mn/Ga1-infinity Mn infinity As bilayers can exhibit large exchange bias if annealed for an optimal period of time to transform the Mn cap into antiferromagnetic MnO. Annealing for too long tends to drastically increase the number of spins that become pinned along the direction of a cooling field, but it also results in samples that exhibit little or no exchange bias. To investigate why the increase in pinned spins does not enhance the exchange coupling, we used polarized neutron reflectometry to examine the magnetic depth profile of a typical overannealed Mn/Ga1-xMnxAs bilayer. We observe a large magnetization with a pinnable component distributed throughout the cap. This shows that overannealing results in a cap that is not entirely antiferromagnetic, and that the additional pinned spins do not originate from uncompensated moments directly at the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface-explaining why they do not contribute to the exchange bias coupling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brian.kirby@nist.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3016 EP 3018 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892333 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200308 ER PT J AU Owens, FJ Gupta, A Rao, KV Iqbal, Z Guillen, JMO Ahuja, R Guo, JH AF Owens, Frank J. Gupta, Amita Rao, K. V. Iqbal, Zafar Guillen, J. M. Osorio Ahuja, R. Guo, J.-H. TI Unusual room temperature ferromagnetism in bulk sintered GaP doped with copper SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE GaP : Cu; magnetic resonance; magnetic semiconductors; materials science and technology; spintronics ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MICROWAVE-ABSORPTION AB Robust room temperature ferromagnetism is obtained in single phase Gallium Phosphide doped with Cu2+ prepared by simple solid state reaction route. The saturation magnetization at 300 K is 1.5 x 10(-2) emu/g and the coercivity was found to be 125 Oe. A strong ferromagnetic resonance signal confirms the long range magnetic order which persists to temperatures as high as 739 K. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that Cu is in a +2 state. Ab initio calculations also show that the ferromagnetic ordering is energetically favorable in Cu doped GaP. When the spin-orbit coupling is included we get an enhanced total magnetic moment of 0.31 mu(B) with a local moment on Cu 0.082 and on P 0.204 mu(B). per atom. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10024 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Solid State Theory Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Owens, FJ (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rao@kth.se RI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/B-7587-2008; Rao, K.V./F-4577-2011 OI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/0000-0002-7384-8999; NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3043 EP 3045 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893998 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200317 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Majetich, SA AF Ding, Yi Majetich, Sara A. TI Saturation of nuclei concentration in the phase transformation of FePt nanoparticles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE FePt nanoparticles; nucleation site density; phase transformation ID FILMS; COERCIVITY; DEPENDENCE; MEDIA; FIELD; COPT AB The role of nucleation site densities in the A1 to L1(0) transformation in FePt nanoparticles was studied and quantified. Overcoated FePt nanoparticles were annealed at temperatures from 690 degrees C to 1100 degrees C for times of 30 min to 2 h. The concentration of the L1(0) phase in the unsintered particles was found to saturate during annealing. The transformation is shown to be kinetically limited by a slow nucleation rate and to rely on pre-existing nucleation sites. Very few new nucleation sites were created during annealing of separate nanoparticles. Even when particles were allowed to sinter, the rate of forming new nucleation sites was extremely low. Sintering aided the phase transformation because the limited nucleation sites can transform a larger volume fraction after particles sinter together. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ding, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yding@bnl.gov RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3100 EP 3102 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893857 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200336 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Stocks, GM Rusanu, A Nicholson, DMC Eisenbach, M Zhang, QM Liu, JP AF Wang, Yang Stocks, G. M. Rusanu, Aurelian Nicholson, D. M. C. Eisenbach, Markus Zhang, Qiming Liu, J. P. TI Electronic and magnetic structure of L1(0)-FePt nanoparticle embedded in FePt random alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE Ab initio; FePt; LSMS method; nanoparticle ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE AB Nanocomposite permanent magnets made of hard and soft magnetic nanoparticles; are important nanostructured materials. They, however, present substantial theoretical challenges due to the need to treat the electronic interactions quantum-mechanically whilst dealing with a large number of atoms. In this presentation, we show a direct quantum mechanical simulation of magnetic nano-structures made of spherical L1(0)-FePt nanoparticles, with diameter within 2.5-5 nm, embedded in an fct-FePt random alloy. The calculation is performed using the locally self-consistent multiple scattering (LSMS) method, a linear scaling ab initio method capable of treating tens of thousands of atoms. We found that there exists a screening region below the surface of each nanoparticle. This screening region essentially screens out the effect of the external random alloy to keep the physical properties of the interior region unchanged from the bulk of L1(0)-FePt. Interestingly, the depth of this screening region is around 4 angstrom and is independent of the size of the nanoparticles we have investigated. We will discuss the formation of this screening region and the effect of the external random alloy on the electronic and magnetic structure of the nanoparticles. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ywg@psc.edu RI Rusanu, Aurelian/A-8858-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3103 EP 3105 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893856 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200337 ER PT J AU Oo, KTZ Mandelli, E Moses, WW AF Oo, K. T. Z. Mandelli, E. Moses, W. W. TI A high-speed low-noise 16-channel CSA with automatic leakage compensation in 0.35-mu m CMOS process for APD-based PET detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE automatic leakage compensation; avalanche photodiode (APD); charge sensitive amplifier; CSA; front-end readout; high-speed low-noise charge amplifier; MOS reset replica bias; PET ID PREAMPLIFIER AB Design, implementation, analysis and measured performance results of a new high-speed low-noise 16-channel charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSA) prototype with automatic detector leakage compensation are presented. The prototype has been fabricated in TSMC 0.35-mu m CMOS process and is designed for use with avalanche photodiode (APD) based PET detectors. The CSA is used to read out charge signals from a 4 x 4 APD array having 3 pF of capacitance and 75 nA of leakage current per pixel. A single channel CSA has 16 gain settings measured to range from 31.7 mV/fC to 4.5 mV/fC. The gain settings for all channels are set by a 64-bit on-chip shift register. The signal rise time at the CSA output was measured to be as fast as 2.9 ns (5%-55% rise time) and 4.8 ns (20%-80% rise time). A feedback MOS transistor biased in the triode region is used to reset the CSA output and a very slow Gm-feedback loop performs automatic leakage compensation up to 10 mu A of leakage current per channel. Minimum input referred rms noise of 350 e- was measured with a pure capacitive input load and 1200 e- with an actual APD load biased at -1.7 kV connected to the CSA input, both at 0.1-mu s peaking time. The prototype chip draws less than 50 mA of total current from a + 3.3 V supply. C1 Marvell Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oo, KTZ (reprint author), Marvell Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM koo@marvell.com; WWMoses@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.893326 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UI UT WOS:000247391200006 ER PT J AU Loudos, G Majewski, S Wojcik, R Weisenberger, A Sakellios, N Nikita, K Uzunoglu, N Bouziotis, P Xanthopoulos, S Varvarigou, A AF Loudos, George Majewski, Stan Wojcik, Randy Weisenberger, Andrew Sakellios, Nicolas Nikita, Konstantina Uzunoglu, Nikolaos Bouziotis, Penelope Xanthopoulos, Stavros Varvarigou, Alexandra TI Performance evaluation of a dedicated camera suitable for dynamic radiopharmaceuticals evaluation in small animals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dedicated gamma camera; position sensitive photomultiplier tubes; radiopharmaceuticals; small animal imaging ID PHOTON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PINHOLE SPECT; SYSTEM; DETECTOR AB As the result of a collaboration between the Detector and Imaging Group of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (US), the Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (iRRP) of N.C.S.R. "Demokritos" and the Biomedical Simulations and Imaging Applications Laboratory (BIOSIM) of National Technical University of Athens (Greece), a mouse sized camera optimized for Tc-99m imaging was developed. The detector was built in Jefferson Lab and transferred to Greece, where it was evaluated with phantoms and small animals. The system will be used initially for planar dynamic studies in small animals, in order to assess the performance of new radiolabeled biomolecules for oncological studies. The active area of the detector is approximately 4.8 mm x 96 mm. It is based on two flat-panel Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT), a pixelated Nal(TI) scintillator and a high resolution lead parallel-hole collimator. The system was developed to optimize both sensitivity and resolution for in vivo imaging of small animals injected with technetium compounds. The results of system evaluation in planar mode with phantoms are reported. Results are presented for in* vivo dynamic studies of mice injected with > 100 mu Ci of two conventional and novel radiopharmaceuticals, namely Tc-99m -MDP and Tc-99m-Bombesin. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Zografos 15780, Greece. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Radioisotopes Radiodiagnost Prod, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. RP Loudos, G (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Iroon Polytech 9, Zografos 15780, Greece. EM gloudos@bio-academy.gr; stan@jlab.org; rfwojcik@rayvisions.com; drew@jlab.org; snicol@biosim.ntua.gr; knikita@cc.ece.ntua.gr; nnap@otener.gr; pennybil@yahoo.gr; avar@rrp.demokritos.gr NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.896212 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UI UT WOS:000247391200007 ER PT J AU Cinti, MN Majewski, S Williams, MB Bachmann, C Cominelli, F Kundu, BK Stolin, A Popov, V Welch, BL De Vincentis, G Bennati, P Betti, M Ridolfi, S Pani, R AF Cinti, M. N. Majewski, S. Williams, M. B. Bachmann, C. Cominelli, F. Kundu, B. K. Stolin, A. Popov, V. Welch, B. L. De Vincentis, G. Bennati, P. Betti, M. Ridolfi, S. Pani, R. TI Iodine 125 imaging in mice using NaI(Tl)/flat panel PMT integral assembly SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomedical nuclear imaging; photomultipliers; scintillation detectors ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GAMMA-CAMERA; CELL-ADHESION; DESIGN AB Radiolabeled agents that bind to specific receptors have shown great promise in diagnosing and characterizing tumor cell biology. In vivo imaging of gene transcription and protein expression represents an other area of interest. The radioisotope 125 1 is commercially available as a label for molecular probes and utilized by researchers in small animal studies. We propose an advanced imaging detector based on planar NaI(TI) integral assembly with a Hamamatsu Flat Panel Photomultiplier (MA-PMT) representing one of the best trade-offs between spatial resolution and detection efficiency. We characterized the imaging performances of this planar detector, in comparison with a gamma camera based on a pixellated scintillator. We also tested the in-vivo image capability by acquiring images of mice as a part of a study of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, four 25g mice with an IBD-like phenotype (SAMP1/YitFc) were injected with 375, 125, 60 and 30 mu Ci of(125) I-labelled antibody against mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1), which is up-regulated in the presence of inflammation. Two mice without bowel inflammation were injected with 150 and 60 mu Ci of the labeled anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody as controls. To better evaluate the performances of the integral assembly detector, we also acquired mice images with a dual modality (X and Gamma Ray) camera dedicated for small animal imaging. The results coming from this new detector are considerable: images of SAMP1/yitFc injected with 30 mu Ci activity show inflammation throughout the intestinal tract, with the disease very well defined at two hours post-injection. C1 INFN Roma1, I-00166 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00166 Rome, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Radiol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Expt Med & Pathol, I-00166 Rome, Italy. RP Cinti, MN (reprint author), INFN Roma1, I-00166 Rome, Italy. EM marianerina.cinti@uniroma1.it OI Maria Nerina, Cinti/0000-0002-4876-4558; ridolfi, stefano/0000-0002-2866-6344; Bennati, Paolo/0000-0002-8028-7392; De Vincentis, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4690-1528 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.893324 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UI UT WOS:000247391200008 ER PT J AU More, MJ Li, H Goodale, PJ Zheng, YB Majewski, S Popov, V Welch, B Williams, MB AF More, Mitali J. Li, Heng Goodale, Patricia J. Zheng, Yibin Majewski, Stan Popov, Vladimir Welch, Benjamin Williams, Mark B. TI Limited angle dual modality breast imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE digital mammography; scintimammography; tomography ID DEDICATED SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY AB We are developing a dual modality breast scanner that can obtain x-ray transmission and gamma ray emission images in succession at multiple viewing angles with the breast held under mild compression. These views are reconstructed and fused to obtain three-dimensional images that combine structural and functional information. Here, we describe the dual modality system and present results of phantom experiments designed to test the system's ability to obtain fused volumetric dual modality data sets from a limited number of projections, acquired over a limited (less than 180 degrees) angular range. We also present initial results from phantom experiments conducted to optimize the acquisition geometry for gamma imaging. The optimization parameters include the total number of views and the angular range over which these views should be spread, while keeping the total number of detected counts fixed. We have found that in general, for a fixed number of views centered around the direction perpendicular to the direction of compression, in-plane contrast and SNR are improved as the angular range of the views is decreased. The improvement in contrast and SNR with decreasing angular range is much greater for deeper lesions and for a smaller number of views. However, the z-resolution of the lesion is significantly reduced with decreasing angular range. Finally, we present results from limited angle tomography scans using a system with dual, opposing heads. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP More, MJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mjm4j@virginia.edu OI Li, Heng/0000-0003-4815-0537 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 504 EP 513 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.897828 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UI UT WOS:000247391200014 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J Smith, GC Yu, B Vernon, E Britton, CL Bryan, WL Clonts, LG Frank, SS AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack Smith, Graham C. Yu, Bo Vernon, Emerson Britton, Charles L. Bryan, William L. Clonts, Lloyd G. Frank, Shane S. TI ASIC for small angle neutron scattering experiments at the SNS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADC; ASIC; gas detector; peak detector ID D/A CONVERTER; CMOS; 10-B; DETECTORS; READOUT; DESIGN; ADC AB We present an ASIC for a He-3 gas detector to be used in small angle neutron scattering experiments at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge. The ASIC is composed of 64 channels with low noise charge amplification, filtering, timing and amplitude measurement circuits, where an innovative current-mode peak-detector and digitizer (PDAD) is adopted. The proposed PDAD provides at the same time peak detection and A/D conversion in real time, at low power, and without requiring a clock signal. The channels share an efficient data sparsification and derandomization scheme, a 30-bit 256 deep FIFO, and low voltage differential signaling. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.893718 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UL UT WOS:000247391500003 ER PT J AU Hartwell, JK Scates, DM Drigert, MW AF Hartwell, John K. Scates, Dawn M. Drigert, Mark W. TI Design of an online, multispectrometer fission product monitoring system (FPMS) to support advanced gas reactor (AGR) fuel testing and qualification in the advanced test reactor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fission reactors; gamma-ray spectroscopy; online monitoring; real time systems ID FACILITY AB The U.S. Department of Energy is embarking on a series of tests of TRIstructural ISOtropic (TRISO) coated-particle reactor fuel for the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR). As one part of this fuel development program, a series of eight. (8) fuel irradiation tests are planned for the Idaho National Laboratory's (INL's) Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The first test in this series (AGR-1) will incorporate six separate capsules irradiated simultaneously, each containing about 51,000 TRISO-coated fuel particles supported in a graphite matrix and continuously swept with inert gas during irradiation. The effluent gas from each of the six capsules must be independently monitored in near real time and the activity of various fission gas nuclides determined and reported. A set of seven heavily-shielded, high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometers and sodium iodide [NaI(TI)] scintillation detector-based total radiation detectors have been designed and are being configured and tested for use during the AGR-1 experiment. The AGR-1 test specification requires that the fi ssion product measurement system (FPMS) have sufficient sensitivity to detect the fission gas release due to failure of a single coated fuel particle and sufficient range to allow it to "count" multiple (up to 250) successive particle failures. This paper describes the design and expected performance of the AGR-1 FPMS. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hartwell, JK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM john.hartwell@inl.gov; dawn.scates@inl.gov; mark.drigert@inl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.897035 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UL UT WOS:000247391500023 ER PT J AU Tremsin, AS Siegmund, OHW Hull, JS Vallerga, JV McPhate, JB Soderstrom, J Chiou, JW Guo, JH Hussain, Z AF Tremsin, Anton S. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Hull, Jeff S. Vallerga, John V. McPhate, Jason B. Soderstrom, Johan Chiou, Jau-Wem Guo, Jinghua Hussain, Zahid TI High resolution photon counting detection system for advanced inelastic X-ray scattering studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE delayed fluorescence; high resolution photon counting; time resolved event detection AB High brilliance and high spectral resolution of synchrotron sources and associated optics enable a large number of soft-x-ray spectroscopic studies-such as inelastic X-ray scattering, which is becoming a technique of choice for the investigation of the electronic properties of complex materials. The resolution of the detection system in such experiments has to match the accuracy of the probe beam in order to take the full advantage of the performance of modern synchrotron sources. In this paper we describe our advanced photon counting detection system capable of simultaneously registering both position and time of individual photons with 2-dimensional spatial accuracy of <50 mu m and timing accuracy of < 130 ps FWHM. The open face, 25 mm active area detector consists of a Z-stack of microchannel plates and a cross delay line readout and has a dark count rate of only a few counts per second. The associated electronics allows event counting rates up to similar to 400 KHz with 10% dead time for randomly distributed events. We present the results of our first measurements of delayed fluorescence from different materials performed at the Advanced Light Source. Time and angular resolved fluorescence measurements allowed us to separate images for the prompt elastically scattered and the delayed photons. The detector can also distinguish registration of electrons, ions or photons by variation of the potential on its input mesh. These results demonstrate the capabilities of our detection system, which is currently being integrated into an advanced time resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tremsin, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ast@ssl.berkeley.edu; ossy@ssl.berkeley.edu; jeffh@ssi.berkeley.edu; jvv@ssl.berkeley.edu; mcphate@ssl.berkeley.edu; jguo@lbl.gov; zhussain@lbl.gov RI Chang, Yong/B-3541-2009; Soderstrom, Johan/B-1248-2011 OI Soderstrom, Johan/0000-0002-9647-0394 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 706 EP 709 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.894816 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UL UT WOS:000247391500026 ER PT J AU van Loef, EV Higgins, WM Glodo, J Brecher, C Lempicki, A Venkataramani, V Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Shah, KS AF van Loef, Edgar V. Higgins, William M. Glodo, Jarek Brecher, Charles Lempicki, Alex Venkataramani, Venkat Moses, William W. Derenzo, Stephen E. Shah, Kanai S. TI Scintillation properties of SrHfO3 : Ce3+ and BaHfO3 : Ce3+ ceramics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramics; cerium compounds; hafnium compounds; scintillation detectors AB In this paper we report on the scintillation properties of cerium doped strontium-and barium hafnate. Radiolurhinescence, pulse height, scintillation decay and timing spectra are presented. Radioluminescence spectra of SrHfO3:Ce3+ and BaHfO3:Ce3+ consist of a broad band due to Ce3+ emission peaking at 410 nm and 400 Inn, respectively. The light yield of BaHfO3 :Ce3+ and SrHfO3:Ce3+ is approximately 40 000 photons/MeV when compared to a crystal of BGO. The principal decay time constant for SrHfO3:Ce3+ and BaHfO3:Ce3+ is 42 and 25 ns, respectively. A timing resolution of 276 ps (FWHM) was obtained with transparent optical ceramic of SrHfO3:Ce3+. C1 Raciat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. ALEM Associates, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Gen Elect Global Res, Moscow 123098, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Loef, EV (reprint author), Raciat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM EVanLoef@RMDInc.com; CBrecher@RMDInc.com; venkata@crd.ge.com; WWMoses@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 741 EP 743 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.896343 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 180UL UT WOS:000247391500032 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, B Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Chong, YK Apruzese, JP Davis, J LePell, PD AF Coverdale, Christine A. Deeney, Christopher Jones, Brent Thornhill, J. Ward Whitney, Kenneth G. Velikovich, Alexander L. Clark, Robert W. Chong, Y. K. Apruzese, J. P. Davis, Jack LePell, P. David TI Scaling of K-shell emission from Z-pinches: Z to ZR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; plasma pinch; X-ray measurements; X-ray production ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; Z-ACCELERATOR; WIRE-NUMBER; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; PHYSICS; ARGON; MASS AB Experiments in the last few years at the 20-MA Z Accelerator have produced significant K-shell X-ray output from a variety of initial load materials, including aluminum (1.7-keV photons, > 400-kj yield), argon (3.1-keV photons, > 300-kj yield) ' titanium (4.8-keV photons, 100-kj yield), stainless steel (6.7-kev photons, > 50-kj yield), and copper (8.4-keV photons, 20-kj yield). K-shell scaling theories developed at the Naval Research Laboratory [K. G. Whitney et aL, Phys. Rev. E 50, 2166 (1994)] in the 1990s were benchmarked against the Al K-shell emission data from < 10-MA facilities. The experiments at Z have not only led to a heuristic validation of this original theory but have also provided the data to fine tune the models for application to higher photon energies and for extension to higher current generators. The upgrade of the Z Accelerator to ZR, which will provide 26 MA to a Z-pinch load, should increase the radiated K-shell output for sources previously fielded at Z and will extend the range of photon energies where measurable radiation can be observed, which is likely up to 13 keV. A summary of the K-shell experiments at Z is presented, as well as an overview of the modified empirical-scaling theory. Proposed load configurations for ZR are discussed, as well as predictions for K-shell output. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Nucl Soc Adm, Dept Energy Headquarters, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cacover@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.896768 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 180HE UT WOS:000247352900010 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Lehr, JM Woodworth, JR Blickem, JR Hodge, KC Wallace, ZR Anaya, V Corley, JP Lott, JA AF Zameroski, Nathan D. Lehr, Jane M. Woodworth, Joseph R. Blickem, Jim R. Hodge, Keith C. Wallace, Zachariah R. Anaya, Victor Corley, John P. Lott, John A. TI Multimegavolt laser-triggered gas switching with a green laser and beam transport through water SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas breakdown; laser-triggered gas switches (LTGSs); refurbished Z-machine (ZR); SF6; Z-machine; z-pinches ID BREAKDOWN AB Ultraviolet (UV) laser-triggered gas switching using laser beams at 266 nm has greatly improved the simultaneity of many large multimodule accelerators. This UV beam however cannot be transmitted significant distances through water or oil. Since the switches in these accelerators are typically submerged in water or oil, the laser beams are often conveyed to the switches through gas-filled "laser crossover tubes." These crossover tubes are difficult to field grade properly and are subject to frequent mechanical and electrical failures in the pulse-power environment. We have demonstrated that a 4.6-MV multistage gas switch insulated with SF6 can be triggered with a jitter of less than 10 ns using 110-mj pulses of a green (532-nm) laser beam that has been transported through 67 em of 1-M Omega-cm water on its way to the switch. These results may allow elimination of the laser crossover tubes in future accelerators. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ndzamer@sandia.gov; jmlehr@sandia.gov; jrwoodw@sandia.gov; jrblick@sandia.gov; kchodge@sandia.gov; zrwalla@sandia.gov; vanaya@sandia.gov; jpcorle@sandia.gov; jalott2@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 696 EP 701 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.896930 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 180HE UT WOS:000247352900025 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM AF Ribeiro, Ruy M. TI Dynamics of CD4(+) T cells in HIV-1 infection SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dynamics; HIV; mathematical modeling; T-cell proliferation ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; RECEPTOR EXCISION CIRCLES; RECENT THYMIC EMIGRANTS; SIV INFECTION; IN-VIVO; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; COMBINATION THERAPY; LYMPHOID-TISSUES AB Mathematical modeling is becoming established in the immunologist's toolbox as a method to gain insight into the dynamics of the immune response and its components. No more so than in the case of the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, where earlier work on the viral dynamics brought significant advances in our understanding of HIV replication and evolution. Here, I review different areas of the study of the dynamics of CD4(+) T cells in the setting of HIV, where modeling played important and diverse roles in helping us understand CD4(+) T-cell homeostasis and the effect of HIV infection. As the experimental techniques become more accurate and quantitative, modeling should play a more important part in both experimental design and data analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ruy@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR 18754] NR 71 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1038/sj.icb.7100056 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 180EE UT WOS:000247344300007 PM 17389869 ER PT J AU Edwards, RD Li, Y He, G Yin, Z Sinton, J Peabody, J Smith, KR AF Edwards, R. D. Li, Y. He, G. Yin, Z. Sinton, J. Peabody, J. Smith, K. R. TI Household CO and PM measured as part of a review of China's National Improved Stove Program SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE indoor air pollution; particulate matter; carbon monoxide; seasonal change in fuel use; mixed fuels ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTANTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ENERGY LADDER; EXPOSURES AB In 2001-2003, a team of researchers from the United States and China performed an independent, multidisciplinary review of China's National Improved Stove Program carried out since the 1980s. As part of a 3500-household survey, a subsample of 396 rural households were monitored for particulate matter less than 4 Pin (PM4) in kitchens and living rooms over 24 h, of which 159 were measured in both summer and winter. Carbon monoxide was measured in a 40% subsample.The results of this indoor air quality (IAQ) component indicate that for nearly all household stove or fuel groupings, PM4 levels were higher than - and sometimes more than twice as high as - the national PM10 standard for indoor air (150 mu g PM, (10)/m(2)). If these results are typical, then a large fraction of China's rural population is now chronically exposed to levels of pollution far higher than those determined by the Chinese government to harm human health. Further, we observed highly diverse fuel usage patterns in these regions in China, supporting the observations in the household survey of multiple stoves being present in many kitchens. Improved stoves resulted in reduced PM4 from biomass fuel combinations, but still not at levels that meet standards, and little improvement was observed in indoor pollution levels when other unimproved stoves were present in the same kitchen. As many households change fuels according to daily and seasonal factors, resulting in different seasonal concentrations in living rooms and kitchens, assessing health implications from fuel use requires longituinal evaluation of fuel use and IAQ levels, combined with accurate time-activity information. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, First Hosp, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. China CDC, Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, China Energy Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Edwards, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, 101 Theory,Suite 250, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM edwardsr@uci.edu NR 14 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00465.x PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 183VM UT WOS:000247600500003 PM 17542832 ER PT J AU Mudarri, D Fisk, WJ AF Mudarri, D. Fisk, W. J. TI Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE public; health; economic; impact; dampness; mold ID BUILDING-RELATED SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENT SCHOOL-CHILDREN; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; OFFICE WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; FLOOR DUST; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; ASTHMA PREVALENCE; SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE AB The public health risk and economic impact of dampness and mold exposures was assessed using current asthma as a health endpoint. Individual risk of current asthma from exposure to dampness and mold in homes from W.J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez & M.J. Mendell [(2007) Indoor Air 17, 226-235], and asthma risks calculated from additional studies that reported the prevalence of dampness and mold in homes were used to estimate the proportion of US current asthma cases that are attributable to dampness and mold exposure at 21% (95% confidence internal 12-29%). An examination of the literature covering dampness and mold in schools, offices, and institutional buildings, which is summarized in the Appendix, suggests that risks from exposure in these buildings are similar to risks from exposures in homes. Of the 21.8 million people reported to have asthma in the USA, approximately 4.6 (2.7-6.3) million cases are estimated to be attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home. Estimates of the national cost of asthma from two prior studies were updated to 2004 and used to estimate the economic impact of dampness and mold exposures. By applying the attributable fraction to the updated national annual cost of asthma, the national annual cost of asthma that is attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home is estimated to be $3.5 billion ($2.1-4.8 billion). Analysis indicates that exposure to dampness and mold in buildings poses significant public health and economic risks in the USA. These findings are compatible with public policies and programs that help control moisture and mold in buildings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wjfisk@lbl.gov NR 46 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00474.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 183VM UT WOS:000247600500006 PM 17542835 ER PT J AU Li, XHS Fryxell, GE Engelhard, MH Wang, CM AF Li, Xiaohong S. Fryxell, Glen E. Engelhard, Mark H. Wang, Chongmin TI The synthesis of cadmium doped mesoporous TiO2 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous; nanoporous; titanium dioxide; anatase; cadmium; doping; templated synthesis; sol-gel; surfactant; photocatalyst ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALLINE; ELECTRONS; KINETICS; FILMS; ACIDS; BASES AB Cd doped mesoporous titanium oxide was prepared using non-ionic surfactants and easily handled titanium precursors. The Cd doping was found to be able to significantly inhibit the growth of anatase crystal size, stabilize the mesoporous structure, and retard the densification of nanoporous TiO2 at elevated temperatures. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.02.018 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 178OC UT WOS:000247229000004 ER PT J AU Shin, YS Arey, BW Wang, CM Li, XHS Engelhard, MH Fryxell, GE AF Shin, Yongsoon Arey, Bruce W. Wang, Chongmin Li, Xiaohong S. Engelhard, Mark H. Fryxell, Glen E. TI Synthesis and characterization of phosphate-coated mesoporous titania and Cd-doping of same via ion-exchange SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE phosphate-based TiO2; Cd-doping; ozone; mesoporous; ion exchange; templated synthesis ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VISIBLE-LIGHT; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; BASES; FILMS; ACIDS; FTIR AB Phosphate-based mesoporous TiO2 materials were prepared by surfactant-directed method using an alkylphosphate surfactant, which produced a mesoporous titania with high surface area (similar to 200 m(2)/g) and a phosphate monolayer interface. Calcination of the as-synthesized greenbody in an ozone atmosphere generated materials with higher surface area, and higher purity, than did calcination in air. These interfacial phosphate groups are convenient functionality for chemically modifying the surface via ion-exchange processes. High doping ratios of P/Ti (0.47 similar to 0.69) and Cd/P (0.37 similar to 0.40) were observed. Materials were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and XPS. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999 MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 642 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.02.016 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 178OC UT WOS:000247229000005 ER PT J AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Parker, KE AF Mattigod, Shas V. Fryxell, Glen E. Parker, Kent E. TI Anion binding in self-assembled monolayers in mesoporous supports (SAMMS) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous; nanoporous; metal complex; anion; anion binding; mechanism ID FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPOROUS SILICA; ACTINIDE SEQUESTRATION; MESOSTRUCTURED SILICA; MERCURY; ADSORPTION; IMMOBILIZATION; SEPARATION; MERCAPTAN; SORBENTS; ARSENATE AB The binding of various anions to cationic transition metal complexes lining the pores of mesoporous silica is characterized and correlated to anion basicity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 646 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.02.014 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 178OC UT WOS:000247229000006 ER PT J AU Scovazzi, G AF Scovazzi, G. TI Galilean invariance and stabilized methods for compressible flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MiniSymposium on Stabilized, Multiscale and Multiphysics Methods CY JUL 16-22, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA DE variational multiscale methods; stabilized methods; SUPG methods; Galilean transformations; invariance ID VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; COMPUTATIONS; INTERFACES; FORMULATIONS; VARIABLES; EQUATIONS AB In a recent work (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2007; 196(4-6):966-978), it was observed that lack of Galilean invariance led to catastrophic instabilities when stabilized methods were used in Lagrangian shock hydrodynamics computations. By means of an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation, Galilean invariant SUPG operators were consistently derived in (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2007; 196(4-6):1108-1132), and their Lagrangian and Eulerian limits were compared to the most commonly used stabilized formulations. In the particular case of Eulerian meshes, it was shown that most of the SUPG operators designed to date for compressible flow computations are not invariant. However, due to the significant overhead of algebraic manipulations, the use in (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2007; 196(4-6):1108-1132) of the referential form of the ALE equations made the presentation of the main ideas quite involved. The present paper addresses this particular issue, since the invariance, analysis is presented with the aid of the intuitive current configuration reference frame, more familiar to computational fluid dynamicists. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Myltiphys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scovazzi, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Myltiphys Dept 1431, POB 5800,MS 1319, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gscovaz@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6-8 BP 757 EP 778 DI 10.1002/fld.1423 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 184KC UT WOS:000247639000011 ER PT J AU Erberich, SG Silverstein, JC Chervenak, A Schuler, R Nelson, MD Kesselman, C AF Erberich, S. G. Silverstein, J. C. Chervenak, A. Schuler, R. Nelson, M. D. Kesselman, C. TI Globus MEDICUS: protected health information in medical imaging grids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE DICOM; PACS; Grid PACS; Globus Toolkit 4; OGSA; Healthgrid AB The scope of DICOM and PACS technology is currently limited to the trusted and static environment of the hospital. In order to meet the demand for ad-hoc tele-radiology and image guided surgery procedures within the global healthcare enterprise, a new technology must provide mobility, security, flexible scale of operations, and rapid responsiveness for DICOM medical devices and subsequently medical image data. Grid technology, an informatics approach to securely federate independently operated computing, storage, and data management resources at the global scale over public networks meets these core requirements. Previously, we presented an approach to federate DICOM and PACS devices for large-scale medical image workflows in global healthcare enterprises grids (HealthGrids). The globus MEDICUS (medical imaging and computing for unified information sharing) project uses standards based Globus Grid infrastructure to vertically integrate a new service for DICOM devices-the DICOM grid interface service (DGIS). DGIS translates between DICOM and grid operations and thus transparently extends DICOM to Globus based grid infrastructures. This grid image workflow paradigm has been designed to provide not only solutions for global image communication, but fault-tolerance and disaster recovery using Grid data replication technology. However critical to Enterprise operations are user authentication and access authorization. Here we present an extension to the MEDICUS architecture employing a flexible authorization control and policy model that accommodates federated access by role-based authorization to protected health information (PHI). C1 [Erberich, S. G.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Erberich, S. G.; Nelson, M. D.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Silverstein, J. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Silverstein, J. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Silverstein, J. C.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Silverstein, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chervenak, A.; Schuler, R.; Kesselman, C.] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Ctr Grid Technol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Erberich, SG (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-6410 EI 1861-6429 J9 INT J COMPUT ASS RAD JI Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 SU 1 BP S297 EP S299 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA V32ZD UT WOS:000208988200156 ER PT J AU Qi, Y Srinivasa, KK Krishnan, SR Yang, H Midkiff, KC AF Qi, Y. Srinivasa, K. K. Krishnan, S. R. Yang, H. Midkiff, K. C. TI Effect of hot exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of an advanced injection low pilot-ignited natural gas engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dual fuel; low-temperature combustion; ALPING; EGR; unburned HC emissions; NO(x) emissions; fuel conversion efficiency; combustion stability; knock ID DUAL FUEL ENGINE; COMBUSTION AB The development of the advanced injection low pilot-ignited natural gas (ALPING) combustion concept that employs very small diesel pilots (1-5 per cent by energy) to compression ignite a premixed natural gas-air mixture to achieve very low NO(x) (0.2 g/kWh) and high efficiencies (about 41 per cent) has been described in a previous work. However, at part loads the ALPING combustion mode suffers from higher HC emissions (Mostly unburned methane) and poor engine stability. To resolve this problem, tests were, carried Out employing various levels of hot EGR (0-26 per cent) at different loads on a single-cylinder research engine at a constant speed of 1700 r/min. Experimental results compared with baseline ALPING mode (0 per cent EGR) for quarter load operation are presented in the Current paper. The results show that, at 60 degrees BTDC injection timing, the application of hot EGR reduced HC emissions by Lip to 70 per cent without any significant NO(x) emissions penalty. The fuel conversion efficiencies were improved by 8 percentage points, while COV(i.m.e.p) and CO emissions decreased 20 percentage points and 40 per cent, respectively. To identify the upper limits of hot EGR substitution, engine knock tests, which were conducted to identify audible knock limits, are also presented for a representative case (half load). The progress made by this project better positions ALPING Combustion as a potentially viable approach to meet the regulatory and economic challenges of the future. C1 [Qi, Y.; Midkiff, K. C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Srinivasa, K. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krishnan, S. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yang, H.] Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. RP Midkiff, KC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM cmidkiff@eng.ua.edu OI Krishnan, Sundar Rajan/0000-0003-1882-8829 FU Caterpillar Inc; Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs; Centre for Advanced Vehicle Technologies at The University of Alabama; US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration [DTFH61-99-X-00007] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of Caterpillar Inc., the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, and the Centre for Advanced Vehicle Technologies at The University of Alabama, which receives partial funding from the US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration under grant DTFH61-99-X-00007. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1243/14680874JER02306 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 375FB UT WOS:000261098400004 ER PT J AU Laskowski, GM Kearney, SP Evans, G Greif, R AF Laskowski, G. M. Kearney, S. P. Evans, G. Greif, R. TI Mixed convection heat transfer to and from a horizontal cylinder in cross-flow with heating from below SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE buoyant turbulence; mixed convection; cylinder; cross-flow ID FORCED-CONVECTION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; NATURAL-CONVECTION; VERTICAL PLATE; TURBULENT-FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLAT-PLATE; TRANSITION; NUMBER; TUBES AB Heat transfer to and from a circular cylinder in a cross-flow of water at low Reynolds number was studied both experimentally and numerically. The experiments were carried out in a high aspect ratio water channel. The test section inflow temperature and velocity, channel lower surface temperature and cylinder surface temperature were controlled to yield either laminar or turbulent flow for a desired Richardson number. When the lower surface was unheated, the temperatures of the lower surface and water upstream of the cylinder were maintained approximately equal and the flow was laminar. When the lower surface was heated, turbulence intensities as high as 20% were measured several cylinder diameters upstream of the cylinder due to turbulent thermal plumes produced by heating the lower surface. Variable property, two-dimensional simulations were undertaken using a variant of the v(2) 2 f turbulence model with buoyancy production of turbulence accounted for by a simple gradient diffusion model. Predicted and measured heat flux distributions around the cylinder are compared for values of the Richardson number, Gr(d)/Re-d(2) from 0.3 to 9.3. For laminar flow, the predicted and measured d heat flux results agreed to within the experimental uncertainty. When the lower surface was heated, and the flow was turbulent, there was qualitative agreement between predicted and measured heat flux distributions around the cylinder. However the predicted spatially averaged Nusselt number was from 37% to 53% larger than the measured spatially averaged Nusselt number. Additionally, spatially averaged Nusselt numbers are compared to correlations in the literature for mixed convection heat transfer to/from cylinders in cross-flow. The results presented here are larger than the correlation values. This is believed to be due to the effects of buoyancy-induced turbulence resulting from heating the lower surface and the proximity of the cylinder to that surface. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Laskowski, GM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM laskowsk@research.ge.com NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 454 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.05.004 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 172RU UT WOS:000246822500009 ER PT J AU Chen, YT Chen, HJ Zhang, JS AF Chen, Yitung Chen, Huajun Zhang, Jinsuo TI Numerical investigation on enhancement of oxygen transfer by forced convection in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE oxygen transfer; forced convection; lattice Boltzmann method; lead-bismuth eutectic ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD; TURBULENCE; FLUIDS; GAS AB Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) technology is being developed as a primary candidate for a nuclear coolant in accelerator-driven systems and advanced reactors. However, the corrosion of containment and structural materials remains a major issue. Properly controlling the low oxygen level in LBE to mitigate corrosion proves effective under certain conditions. To mix the oxygen uniformly and quickly, the forced convection is proposed to enhance the oxygen transport with using cover gas scheme. A lattice Boltzmman simulation of LBE flow and oxygen transport in a simplified container was carried out to explore characteristics of the oxygen transport. The oxygen control technique with cover gas scheme is formulated. To find more efficiency way to mix the oxygen, three different forced convection flow patterns on the oxygen transport are investigated. The simulation results show that the force convections induced by all the boundary conditions greatly enhance the oxygen transport in the liquid metal of our system. Both of transient oxygen distribution, oxygen diffusion time, and average Sherwood number at the interface are investigated and some useful information are also provided to calibrate low concentration level oxygen sensors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Engn Mech, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Nucl Syst Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Engn Mech, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,Box 454027, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM huajunc@nscee.edu RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 11-12 BP 2139 EP 2147 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.11.002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 165ZG UT WOS:000246345800013 ER PT J AU Di Martino, B Kranzlmuller, D Dongarra, J AF Di Martino, Beniamino Kranzlmueller, Dieter Dongarra, Jack TI Special issue on selected papers from the EuroPVM/MPI 2005 Conference, Sorrento, Italy, 18-21 September 2005 - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Second Univ Naples, Naples, Italy. Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Di Martino, B (reprint author), Second Univ Naples, Naples, Italy. RI Di Martino, Beniamino/O-6876-2015 OI Di Martino, Beniamino/0000-0001-7613-1312 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1177/1094342006077863 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 165KP UT WOS:000246304700001 ER PT J AU Latham, R Ross, R Thakur, R AF Latham, Robert Ross, Robert Thakur, Rajeev TI Implementing MPI-IO atomic mode and shared file pointers using MPI one-sided communication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE MPI-IO; RMA; message-passing; MPI-2; implementation AB The ROMIO implementation of the MPI-IO standard provides a portable infrastructure for use on top of a variety of underlying storage targets. These targets vary widely in their capabilities, and in some cases additional effort is needed within ROMIO to support all MPI-IO semantics. Two aspects of the interface that can be problematic to implement are MPI-IO atomic mode and the shared file pointer access routines. Atomic mode requires enforcing strict consistency semantics, and shared file pointer routines require communication and coordination in order to atomically update a shared resource. For some file systems, native locks may be used to implement these features, but not all file systems have lock support. In this work, we describe algorithms for implementing efficient mutex locks using MPI-1 and the one-sided capabilities from MPI-2. We then show how these algorithms may be used to implement both MPI-IO atomic mode and shared file pointer methods for ROMIO without requiring any features from the underlying file system. We show that these algorithms can outperform traditional file system lock approaches. Because of the portable nature of these algorithms, they are likely useful in a variety of situations where distributed locking or coordination is needed in the MPI-2 environment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Latham, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ROBL@MCS.ANL.GOV OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1177/1094342006077859 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 165KP UT WOS:000246304700002 ER PT J AU Liao, WK Coloma, K Choudhary, A Ward, L AF Liao, Wei-keng Coloma, Kenin Choudhary, Alok Ward, Lee TI Cooperative client-side file caching for MPI applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE client-side file caching; parallel I/O; MPI I/O; cache coherence; I/O thread AB Client-side file caching is one of many I/O strategies adopted by today's parallel file systems that were initially designed for distributed systems. Most of these implementations treat each client independently because clients' computations are seldom related to each other in a distributed environment. However, it is misguided to apply the same assumption directly to high-performance computers where many parallel I/O operations come from a group of processes working within the same parallel application. Thus, file caching could perform more effectively if the scope of processes sharing the same file is known. In this paper, we propose a client-side file caching system for MPI applications that perform parallel I/O operations on shared files. In our design, an I/O thread is created and runs concurrently with the main thread in each MPI process. The MPI processes that collectively open a shared file use the I/O threads to cooperate with each other to handle file requests, cache page access, and coherence control. By bringing the caching subsystem closer to the applications as a user space library, it can be incorporated into an MPI I/O implementation to increase its portability. Performance evaluations using three I/O benchmarks demonstrate a significant improvement over traditional methods that use either byte-range file locking or rely on coherent I/O provided by the file system. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liao, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM WKLIAO@ECE.NORTHWESTERN.EDU RI Liao, Wei-keng/B-7247-2009; Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1177/1094342006077857 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 165KP UT WOS:000246304700003 ER PT J AU Falzone, C Chan, A Lusk, E Gropp, W AF Falzone, Christopher Chan, Anthony Lusk, Ewing Gropp, William TI A portable method for finding user errors in the usage of MPI collective operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EuroPVM/MPI Conference 2005 CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE MPI; collective; errors; datatype; hashing ID DATA-TYPE SIGNATURES AB An MPI profiling library is a standard mechanism for intercepting MPI calls by applications. Profiling libraries are so named because they are commonly used to gather runtime information about performance characteristics. Here we present a profiling library whose purpose is to detect user errors in the use of MPI's collective operations. While some errors can be detected locally (by a single process), other errors involving the consistency of arguments passed to MPI collective functions must be tested for in a collective fashion. While the idea of using such a profiling library does not originate here, we take the idea further than it has been taken before (we detect more errors, including those involving datatype inconsistencies) and present an open-source library that can be used with any MPI implementation. We describe the tests carried out, provide some details of the implementation, illustrate the usage of the library, and present performance tests. C1 Univ Penn, Edinboro, PA 16444 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Falzone, C (reprint author), Univ Penn, Edinboro, PA 16444 USA. EM LUSK@MCS.ANL.GOV OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1177/1094342006077860 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 165KP UT WOS:000246304700004 ER PT J AU Desai, N Lusk, E Bradshaw, R AF Desai, Narayan Lusk, Ewing Bradshaw, Rick TI A composition environment for MPI programs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE MPI; process management; parallel shell; command language AB While MPI is the most common mechanism for expressing parallelism, MPI programs are not composable by using current MPI process managers or parallel shells. We introduce MPISH2, an MPI process manager analogous to serial Unix shells. It allows the composition of MPI and serial Unix utilities with one another to perform scalable tasks across large numbers of Unix clients. This paper discusses in detail issues of process management and parallel tool composition. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Desai, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM DESAI@MCS.ANL.GOV NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1177/1094342006077858 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 165KP UT WOS:000246304700005 ER PT J AU Datar, R Huang, J Maness, PC Mohagheghi, A Czemik, S Chornet, E AF Datar, Rohit Huang, Jie Maness, Pin-Ching Mohagheghi, Ali Czemik, Stefan Chornet, Esteban TI Hydrogen production from the fermentation of corn stover biomass pretreated with a steam-explosion process SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass fermentation; biological hydrogen production; steam explosion; hemicellulose; cellulose ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; DETOXIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; BIOHYDROGEN; CHALLENGES AB Lignocellulosic biomass contains 70-80% carbohydrates and could serve as the ideal feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production. We conducted the pretreatment of corn stover using a steam-explosion process and studied its fermentability for hydrogen production. Using natural inoculant obtained from the heated sludge of a local wastewater treatment plant, we demonstrated that the indigenous microbes were capable of efficiently fermenting the aqueous hydrolyzate derived from the hemicellulose fraction of the steam-pretreated corn stover with and without acid during pretreatment. Biogas contained equal amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The carbon mass balance is approximately 84%, with acetic and butyric acids as the major carbon byproducts along with carbon dioxide. Hydrogen molar yields of 2.84 and 3.0 were obtained using the mixed sugars present in the hydrolyzate derived from neutral and acidic steam explosion, respectively. These findings verify that hemicellulose from corn stover could be a suitable feedstock for hydrogen production via dark fermentation. (C) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Maness, PC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM pinching_maness@nrel.gov NR 34 TC 181 Z9 188 U1 7 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 932 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 182JM UT WOS:000247500900002 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, RK AF Ahluwalia, R. K. TI Sodium alanate hydrogen storage system for automotive fuel cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage systems; metal hydrides; sorption kinetics AB Suitability of Ti-catalyzed sodium alanate as a reversible hydrogen storage system for automotive poly mer-electrolyte fuel cells has been assessed under the constraint that it must meet certain performance criteria with respect to the amount of recoverable H-2 needed for vehicle driving range, minimum full-flow of H-2 needed to satisfy vehicular power demands, maximum refueling time and minimum H-2 delivery pressure. It is assumed that the thermal energy for desorbing hydrogen is supplied by the fluid that cools the high-temperature membrane fuel cell stack operating at 120 degrees C. It is found that a ten-fold enhancement in published desorption kinetics is needed to attain 90% reversible H-2 storage capacity while satisfying the minimum full-flow requirement of 0.02g H-2/kWe. The catalyzed medium needs a metal foam support to facilitate heat removal necessary for 0.5-1.5 kg/min H-2 refueling rate. The faster the refueling rate, the higher is the peak heat transfer rate and the lower is the amount of recoverable H-2. For a system with 5.6 kg recoverable H-2, the peak heat transfer rate during refueling can exceed 1 MW. The overall specific energy and energy density of the storage medium are functions of the packing density of the metal hydride powder. The minimum acceptable hydrogen delivery pressure from the storage device determines the hydrogen storage capacity but otherwise has small influence on sorption kinetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walia@td.anl.gov NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.07.027 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 186AJ UT WOS:000247751200014 ER PT J AU Fu, YJ Laskin, J Wang, LS AF Fu, You-Jun Laskin, Julia Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Electronic structure and fragmentation properties of [Fe4S4(SEt)(4-x)(SSEt)(x)](2-) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FTMS; electrospray ionization source; tandem mass spectrometry; photoelectron spectroctroscopy; Fe-S protein ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; PHOTODETACHMENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INTRINSIC REDOX PROPERTIES; CUBANE 4FE-4S CLUSTER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHARGED ANIONS AB A limited exposure of (n-BU4N)(2) [Fe-4 S-4(SET4] solutions in acetonitrile to air was found to produce a new series of [4Fe-4S] cluster complexes, [Fe4S4(SEt)(4-X)(SSEt)(x)](2-) (x= 1-4), with the original -SEt ligands substituted by -SSEt di-sulfide ligands, which were formed due to partial decomposition of the [4Fe-4S] core in parent [Fe4S4(SEt)(4)](2-). The products were first observed in the experiments with an ESI-ion Trap-TOF mass spectrometer and were further identified using high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Photoelectron spectra of the [Fe4S4(SEt)(4-x)(SSEt)(x)](2-) dianions revealed that the -SSEt coordination induced little change in the electronic structure of the f4Fe-4S] cluster, but the electron binding energies of [Fe4S4(SEt)(4-x)(SSEt)(x)](2-) increased from 0.52 to 0.73 eV with increase in x from 0 to 4, suggesting a greater electron withdrawing ability of -SSEt than -SEt. In high resolution MS/MS experiments on [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SSEt)](2-/1-), clusters with both charge states yielded fragment [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)](-), suggesting that -SSEt could be lost either as a negatively charged ion SSEt-from the doubly charged precursor, or as a radical (SSEt)-S-center dot from the singly charged species. The biological implication of the interaction between [Fe4S4(SEt)4]2- and 02 is discussed in comparison to the air exposure of [4Fe-4S] proteins to the air. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 263 IS 2-3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.03.001 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 173KD UT WOS:000246871000016 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Hungerford, AL Rockefeller, G AF Fryer, Chris L. Hungerford, Aimee L. Rockefeller, Gabriel TI Supernova explosions: Understanding mixing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Review DE supernova; mixing; massive stars; computation ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITIES; SPECTRAL-LINE PROFILES; GAMMA-RAY BURST; DIFFUSE X-RAYS; II SUPERNOVAE; MASSIVE STARS; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; BURNING HYDRODYNAMICS; CONVECTIVE ENGINE AB It has been known since 1987 that many features of supernovae cannot be described by the spherically-symmetric picture assumed in one-dimensional explosion models. However, the study of the propagation of a supernova shock through a star in more than one spatial dimension is still in its infancy. Understanding this propagation, and the mixing associated with it, is critical for determining accurate supernova yields and correctly interpreting observations based on those yields - from gamma-rays and overall light curves produced in supernova explosions to the abundances of isotopes studied in stars. Here we review the current state-of-the-art in this field. By necessity, this problem is computational and therefore provides an ideal setting to discuss how veri. cation and validation techniques can play an important role in taking full advantage of the results from numerical simulations. We discuss this problem using the full arsenal of veri. cation and validation techniques currently available. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 4, MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 4, MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fryer@lanl.gov; aimee@lanl.gov; gaber@lanl.gov RI Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010 OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 941 EP 981 DI 10.1142/S0218271807010523 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 237YU UT WOS:000251413700001 ER PT J AU Lee, GL Schulz, M Ahn, DH Bernat, A de Supinski, BR Ko, SY Rountree, B AF Lee, Gregory L. Schulz, Martin Ahn, Dong H. Bernat, Andrew de Supinski, Bronis R. Ko, Steven Y. Rountree, Barry TI Dynamic binary instrumentation and data aggregation on large scale systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE massively parallel architectures; binary instrumentation; scalable data collection; performance analysis tools AB Dynamic binary instrumentation for performance analysis on large scale architectures such as the IBM Blue Gene/L system (BG/L) poses unique challenges. Their unprecedented scale and often limited OS support require new mechanisms to organize binary instrumentation, to interact with the target application, and to collect the resulting data. We describe the design and current status of a new implementation of the Dynamic Probe Class Library (DPCL) API for large scale systems. DPCL provides an easy to use layer for dynamic instrumentation on parallel MPI applications based on the DynInst dynamic instrumentation library for sequential platforms. Our work includes modifying DynInst to control instrumentation from remote I/O nodes and porting DPCL's communication for performance data collection to use MRNet, a tree-based overlay network that (TBON) supports scalable multicast and data reduction. We describe extensions to the DPCL API that support instrumentation of task subsets and aggregation of collected performance data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lee, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lee218@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; ahnl@llnl.gov; bernat@cs.wisc.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; sko@cs.uiuc.edu; rountree@cs.uga.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7458 J9 INT J PARALLEL PROG JI Int. J. Parallel Program. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 207 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10766-007-0036-3 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 178AM UT WOS:000247193600003 ER PT J AU Williams, S Shalf, J Oliker, L Kamil, S Husbands, P Yelick, K AF Williams, Samuel Shalf, John Oliker, Leonid Kamil, Shoaib Husbands, Parry Yelick, Katherine TI Scientific computing kernels on the cell processor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE cell processor; GEMM; SpMV; sparse matrix; FFT; stencil; three level memory AB In this work, we examine the potential of using the recently-released STI Cell processor as a building block for future high-end scientific computing systems. Our work contains several novel contributions. First, we introduce a performance model for Cell and apply it to several key numerical kernels: dense matrix multiply, sparse matrix vector multiply, stencil computations, and 1D/2D FFTs. Next, we validate our model by comparing results against published hardware data, as well as our own Cell blade implementations. Additionally, we compare Cell performance to benchmarks run on leading superscalar (AMD Opteron), VLIW (Intel Itanium2), and vector (Cray X1E) architectures. Our work also explores several different kernel implementations and demonstrates a simple and effective programming model for Cell's unique architecture. Finally, we propose modest microarchitectural modifications that could significantly increase the efficiency of double-precision calculations. Overall results demonstrate the tremendous potential of the Cell architecture for scientific computations in terms of both raw performance and power efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SWWilliams@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7458 EI 1573-7640 J9 INT J PARALLEL PROG JI Int. J. Parallel Program. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 263 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10766-007-0034-5 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 178AM UT WOS:000247193600005 ER PT J AU Woo, YH Mitchell, AR Camarero, JA AF Woo, Youn-Hi Mitchell, Alexander R. Camarero, Julio A. TI The use of aryl hydrazide linkers for the solid phase synthesis of chemically modified peptides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE acyl diazene; cyclic peptide; lipidated peptide; multi-detachable linker; peptide alpha-thioester; safety-catch linker ID LIPIDATED PEPTIDES; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; PROTEIN LIGATION; BACKBONE; CYCLIZATION; OXIDATION; TRACELESS; SUPPORT; LABILE; RAS AB Since Merrifield introduced the concept of solid phase synthesis in 1963 for the rapid preparation of peptides, a large variety of different supports and resin-linkers have been developed that improve the efficiency of peptide assembly and expand the myriad of synthetically feasible peptides. The aryl hydrazide is one of the most useful resin-linkers for the synthesis of chemically modified peptides. This linker is completely stable during Boc- and Fmoc-based solid phase synthesis and yet it can be cleaved under very mild oxidative conditions. The present article reviews the use of this valuable linker for the rapid and efficient synthesis of C-terminal modified peptides, head-to-tail cyclic peptides and lipidated peptides. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, 7000 E Ave,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM camarero1@llnl.gov RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3149 J9 INT J PEPT RES THER JI Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10989-006-9064-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 178QZ UT WOS:000247236500020 ER PT J AU Xia, SM Gao, YF Bower, AF Lev, LC Cheng, YT AF Xia, S. M. Gao, Y. F. Bower, A. F. Lev, L. C. Cheng, Y.-T. TI Delamination mechanism maps for a strong elastic coating on an elastic-plastic substrate subjected to contact loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE coating; fracture mechanics; cohesive model; delamination ID DUCTILE SUBSTRATE; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE DELAMINATION; CRACK-GROWTH; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; SIMULATIONS; ADHESION AB Hard wear resistant coatings that are subjected to contact loading sometimes fail because the coating delaminates from the substrate. In this report, systematic finite element computations are used to model coating delamination under contact loading. The coating and substrate are idealized as elastic and elastic-plastic solids, respectively. The interface between coating and substrate is represented using a cohesive zone law, which can be characterized by its strength and fracture toughness. The system is loaded by an axisymmetric, frictionless spherical indenter. We observe two failure modes: shear cracks may nucleate just outside the contact area if the indentation depth or load exceeds a critical value; in addition, tensile cracks may nucleate at the center of the contact when the indenter is subsequently removed from the surface. Delamination mechanism maps are constructed which show the critical indentation depth and force required to initiate both shear and tensile cracks, as functions of relevant material properties. The fictitious viscosity technique for avoiding convergence problems in finite element simulations of crack nucleation and growth on cohesive interfaces allows us to explore a wider parametric space that a conventional cohesive model cannot handle. Numerical results have also been compared to analytical analyses of asymptotic limits using plate bending and membrane stretching theories, thus providing guidelines for interpreting the simulation results. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Gao, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; Cheng, Yang-Tse/B-5424-2012 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; NR 29 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 3685 EP 3699 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.10.009 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 174LK UT WOS:000246943400006 ER PT J AU Triantafyllidis, N Scherzinger, WM Huang, HJ AF Triantafyllidis, N. Scherzinger, W. M. Huang, H.-J. TI Post-bifurcation equilibria in the plane-strain test of a hyperelastic rectangular block SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE elastic material; finite strain; stability and bifurcation; asymptotic expansions ID BIFURCATION PHENOMENA AB Of interest here is the bifurcated equilibrium solution of a homogeneous, hyperelastic, rectangular block under finite, plane-strain tension or compression. A general asymptotic analysis of the bifurcated equilibrium path about the principal solution's lowest critical load is presented using Lagrangian kinematics. The analysis is valid for any compressible hyperelastic material with axes of orthotropy aligned with the block's axes of symmetry in the reference (stress-free) configuration. The general theory is subsequently applied to blocks of different constitutive laws. Results are presented in the form of bifurcated equilibrium branch's curvature at the critical load as function of the block's aspect ratio, since the sign of this curvature determines the branch's stability. For small aspect ratios there is agreement with existing structural models, while for relatively higher aspect ratios some rather counter-intuitive stability results appear, which strongly depend on the constitutive law. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Triantafyllidis, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM nick@engin.umich.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 3700 EP 3719 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.10.012 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 174LK UT WOS:000246943400007 ER PT J AU Eggimann, BL Siepmann, JI Fried, LE AF Eggimann, Becky L. Siepmann, J. Ilja Fried, Laurence E. TI Application of the TraPPE force field to predicting isothermal pressure-volume curves at high pressures and high temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equation of state; extreme conditions; Monte Carlo simulation; transferable force field ID UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SHOCK COMPRESSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID OXYGEN; 900 KBAR AB Knowledge of the thermophysical properties of materials at extreme pressure and temperature conditions is essential for improving our understanding of many planetary and detonation processes. Significant gaps in what is known about the behavior of materials at high density and high temperature exist, largely, due to the limitations and dangers of performing experiments at the necessary extreme conditions. Modeling these systems through the use of equations of state and particle-based simulation methods significantly extends the range of pressures and temperatures that can be safely studied. The reliability of such calculations depend on the accuracy of the models used. Here we present an assessment of the united-atom version of the TraPPE (transferable potentials for phase equilibria) force field and single-site exp-6 representations for methane, methanol, oxygen, and ammonia at extreme conditions. As shown by Monte Carlo simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, the TraPPE models, despite being parameterized to the vapor-liquid coexistence curve (i.e., relatively mild conditions), perform remarkably well in the high-pressure/high-temperature regime. The single-site exp-6 models can fit experimental data in the high-pressure/temperature regime very well, but the parameters are less transferable to conditions below the critical temperature. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. RP Siepmann, JI (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM siepmann@chem.umn.edu RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 796 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0208-9 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 211DB UT WOS:000249503400004 ER PT J AU Seifter, A Obst, AW AF Seifter, Achim Obst, Andrew W. TI About the proper wavelength for pyrometry on shock physics experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blackbody radiation; infrared; pyrometry; shock physics ID TEMPERATURES; SURFACES AB Usually one wants to measure the thermal radiance emitted by a hot-surface at a wavelength as short as possible, since the uncertainty in the true temperature due to unknown emissivity decreases with decreasing wavelength. Unfortunately the radiance also decreases with decreasing wavelength, and hence the signal-to-noise ratio becomes worse with shorter wavelengths. Depending on what temperature range is to be covered, a reasonable compromise can be found for most applications. When pyrometry is applied to shock physics experiments, there is an additional factor that has to be taken into consideration. Due to the nature of shock physics experiments, one has to deal with background light caused by flashes from air lighting up, high-explosive light, and muzzle flash from a powder gun, etc. In addition, even if the experiment is designed appropriately, there is often a temperature non-uniformity as well as thermal radiation from transparent anvils that are used to increase the interface pressure. In most cases, there is no engineering approach to minimize these temperature non-uniformities. The sensitivity to these non-uniformities increases with decreasing wavelength for the very same reason that the sensitivity to uncertainties in emissivity is increasing. This paper describes the above problems, deals with the problem of temperature non-uniformity in detail, and presents arguments why single-wavelength pyrometry in shock physics experiments can be very deceiving even in well designed experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seifter, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM seif@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 934 EP 946 DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0191-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 211DB UT WOS:000249503400015 ER PT J AU Wunderlich, B AF Wunderlich, Bernhard TI Calorimetry of nanophases of macromolecules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; glass transition; melting; crystallization; microphase; nanophase; phase; phase transition; reversible decoupling; superfast calorimetry ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE); CRYSTALLIZATION; POLY(OXYETHYLENE) AB The thermodynamic description of polymeric systems is summarized based on 50 years of gathering experimental information with adiabatic, differential-scanning, and temperature-modulated calorimetry. This experience has led to a description of macro- to micro- to nano-phases with macromolecules able to traverse the phase boundaries and decouple at the surfaces, resulting in different thermodynamic properties for the separated parts of the molecule. A typical thermodynamic characterization of semicystalline polymers is that of a globally metastable system with locally reversible processes. Unique phenomena in polymers include the ability of semicrystalline polymers to undergo cold crystallization and molecular nucleation, possess thermally generated point defects and rigid-amorphous fractions, and have amorphous to mesophasic to crystalline macroconformations with glass, ordering, and disordering transitions in all three structures. To describe such multifaceted systems, special combinations of equilibrium, and irreversible thermodynamics as well as statistical and quantum mechanics are necessary. Only then is it possible to handle violations of phase rules, changes of properties when approaching nanophase dimensions, local reversibility, and enthalpy relaxation. The enthalpy relaxation in polymers originates in the cooperativeness of conformational motion and the interferences of processes of different time scales. The experiments to identify the effects of the different molecular motions from typical vibrational time scales of picoseconds to cooperative, large-amplitude rearrangements of up to megaseconds span heating rates of thousands of K.s(-1) with superfast chip calorimeters to many hours for slow, quasi-isothermal analysis by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). Selected examples of this far-reaching thermal characterization will be presented. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 958 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0227-6 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 211DB UT WOS:000249503400017 ER PT J AU Rothschild, L AF Rothschild, Lynn TI The living universe: NASA and the development of astrobiology. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Strateg Anal & Support Off, Ames, IA USA. RP Rothschild, L (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Strateg Anal & Support Off, Ames, IA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.1086/521492 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 189IA UT WOS:000247981400066 ER PT J AU Hopkins, RJ Tivanski, AV Marten, BD Gilles, MK AF Hopkins, Rebecca J. Tivanski, Alexei V. Marten, Bryan D. Gilles, Mary K. TI Chemical bonding and structure of black carbon reference materials and individual carbonaceous atmospheric aerosols SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; black carbon; NEXAFS; HULIS; biomass burn; soot ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICLE HYDRATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CLIMATE RESPONSE; DIESEL-ENGINE; FOSSIL-FUEL AB The carbon-to-oxygen ratios and graphitic nature of a range of black carbon standard reference materials (BC SRMs), high molecular mass humic-like substances (HULIS) and atmospheric particles are examined using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Using STXM/NEXAFS, individual particles with diameter > 100 nm are studied, and the diversity of atmospheric particles collected during a variety of field missions is assessed. Applying a semi-quantitative peak fitting method to the NEXAFS spectra enables a comparison of BC SRMs and HULIS to particles originating from anthropogenic combustion and biomass burns, thus allowing determination of these materials suitability for representing atmospheric particles. Anthropogenic combustion and biomass burn particles can be distinguished from one another using both chemical bonding and structural ordering information. While anthropogenic combustion particles are characterized by a high proportion of aromatic-C, the presence of benzoquinone and are highly structurally ordered, biomass burn particles exhibit lower structural ordering, a smaller proportion of aromatic-C and contain a much higher proportion of oxygenated functional groups. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lowell High Sch, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Gilles, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MKGilles@lbl.gov NR 61 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 573 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.03.009 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200PO UT WOS:000248775500001 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Forsythe, WC Clark, ML Dill, JA Baker, GL AF Gupta, Amit Forsythe, William C. Clark, Mark L. Dill, Jeffrey A. Baker, Gregory L. TI Generation of C-60 nanoparticle aerosol in high mass concentrations SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; C-60; buckminsterfullerenes; high concentration; inhalation toxicology ID FULLERENE PARTICLES AB The generation of nanoparticles at concentrations sufficient to perform toxicology studies is highly challenging. The vaporization/condensation technique has successfully been used previously to generate nanoparticle aerosol. However, the maximum mass concentrations generated were low (similar to 0.180 mu g/L), and the generation method produced aerosol having a mixed chemical composition. In this study, a new, dynamically operated, nanoparticle generation system has been developed that generates nanoparticles having a count median diameter of 40-60 nm and continuously delivers a mass concentration as high as 2 mu g/L at the nose exposure port of a nose only exposure system. This system generated nanoparticles by using an inline tube furnace for flash vaporizing micron-sized particles fed continuously from an aerosol generator. This paper describes both the experiments and the operating conditions used for generating nanoparticles to demonstrate the system's capability and the methods used for physicochemical characterization of the resulting nanoparticles. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, 900 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA USA. EM guptaamit@battelle.org NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 592 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.05.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200PO UT WOS:000248775500002 ER PT J AU McNamara, L AF McNamara, Laura TI The nuclear borderlands: The Manhattan project in Post-Cold War New Mexico. SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNamara, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 63 IS 2 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 182RF UT WOS:000247521000030 ER PT J AU Martin, CD Chupas, PJ Chapman, KW Parise, JB AF Martin, C. David Chupas, Peter J. Chapman, Karena W. Parise, John B. TI Local versus average structure: a study of neighborite (NaMgF3) utilizing the pair distribution function method for structure determination SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; LOWER MANTLE; PEROVSKITE STRUCTURES; CASIO3 PEROVSKITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; THERMAL-EXPANSION; HIGH-PRESSURES; PDF ANALYSIS; IN-SITU AB The temperature-dependent local structure (< 2 nm) of neighborite (NaMgF3) is probed through least-squares refinement of structure models fit to the pair distribution function [G(r)] derived from the total high-energy X-ray scattering of sample powders. In contrast to previous temperature-dependent structure models obtained through Rietveld refinement and statistical modelling of powder diffraction data, it is found that the average Mg-F bond length, corresponding to a similar to 2 angstrom peak in the G( r), increases between 323 and 1123 K. At each temperature, asymmetry in this peak is consistent with an orthorhombic (Pbnm) perovskite local structure, allowing three unique Mg-F values and deformation of MgF6 octahedra. Defined by the three orthogonal Mg-Mg distances, the pseudo-cubic unit cell of local structure models becomes metrically tetragonal and cubic at temperatures greater than similar to 623 and 1038 K, respectively. A discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the fluorine atomic displacement parameters at 1038 K suggests thermal activation of new vibrational modes in NaMgF3 at high temperature, consistent with transverse vibration of the bridging fluorine atoms (Mg-F-Mg). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, CD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, 255 Earth & Space Sci Bldg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM chmartin@ic.sunysb.edu RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1107/S0021889807014148 PN 3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 169NE UT WOS:000246598100006 ER PT J AU Chupas, PJ Chapman, KW Lee, PL AF Chupas, Peter J. Chapman, Karena W. Lee, Peter L. TI Applications of an amorphous silicon-based area detector for high-resolution, high-sensitivity and fast time-resolved pair distribution function measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NANOPOROUS PRUSSIAN BLUE; IN-SITU; IMAGING APPLICATIONS; SCATTERING; PERFORMANCE AB The application of a large-area (41 x 41 cm, 2048 x 2048 or 1024 x 1024 pixel) high-sensitivity (detective quantum efficiency > 65%) fast-readout ( up to 7.5 or 30 Hz) flat-panel detector based on an amorphous silicon array system to the collection of high-energy X-ray scattering data for quantitative pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is evaluated and discussed. Data were collected over a range of exposure times (0.13 s-7 min) for benchmark PDF samples: crystalline nickel metal and amorphous silica (SiO2). The high real-space resolution of the resultant PDFs (with Q(max) up to similar to 40 angstrom(-1)) and the high quality of fits to data [R-Ni(0.13s) = 10.5%, R-Ni(1.3s) = 6.3%] obtained in short measurement times indicate that this detector is well suited to studies of materials disorder. Further applications of the detector to locate weakly scattering H-2 molecules within the porous Prussian blue system, Mn-3(II)[Co-III(CN)(6)](2) (.) xH(2), and to follow the in situ reduction of (PtO2)-O-IV to Pt-0 at 30 Hz, confirm the high sensitivity of the detector and demonstrate a new potential for fast time-resolved studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chupas, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chupas@anl.gov; chapmank@aps.anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012 NR 32 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1107/S0021889807007856 PN 3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 169NE UT WOS:000246598100009 ER PT J AU Lee, B Park, I Park, H Lo, CT Chang, T Winans, RE AF Lee, Byeongdu Park, Insun Park, Haewoong Lo, Chieh-Tsung Chang, Taihyun Winans, Randall E. TI Electron density map using multiple scattering in grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONALLY PERFORATED LAYER; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; PHASE PROBLEM; GYROID PHASE; DIFFRACTION; REFLECTIVITY AB The electron density map of a block copolymer thin film having the hexagonally perforated layer (HPL) structure was directly obtained from the measured grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) pattern, exploiting the multiple-scattering phenomena present in GISAXS. It is shown that GISAXS is in principle equivalent to three-beam diffraction, which has been used to extract phases of diffraction peaks. In addition, X-ray reflectivity analysis has been performed which, when combined with the GISAXS results, provides full details of the HPL structure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. POSTECH, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM blee@aps.anl.gov RI Chang, Taihyun/F-5725-2013 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1107/S0021889807011399 PN 3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 169NE UT WOS:000246598100013 ER PT J AU Sanishvili, R Besnard, C Camus, F Fleurant, M Pattison, P Bricogne, G Schiltz, M AF Sanishvili, R. Besnard, C. Camus, F. Fleurant, M. Pattison, P. Bricogne, G. Schiltz, M. TI Polarization-dependence of anomalous scattering in brominated DNA and RNA molecules, and importance of crystal orientation in single- and multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; DATA-COLLECTION; MAD; DISPERSION; ANISOTROPY; REFLECTIONS; TENSORS AB In this paper the anisotropy of anomalous scattering at the Br K-absorption edge in brominated nucleotides is investigated, and it is shown that this effect can give rise to a marked directional dependence of the anomalous signal strength in X-ray diffraction data. This implies that choosing the correct orientation for crystals of such molecules can be a crucial determinant of success or failure when using single- and multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction ( SAD or MAD) methods to solve their structure. In particular, polarized absorption spectra on an oriented crystal of a brominated DNA molecule were measured, and were used to determine the orientation that yields a maximum anomalous signal in the diffraction data. Out of several SAD data sets, only those collected at or near that optimal orientation allowed interpretable electron density maps to be obtained. The findings of this study have implications for instrumental choices in experimental stations at synchrotron beamlines, as well as for the development of data collection strategy programs. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Cristallog, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, CAT, GM CA, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ESRF, Swiss Norwegian Beamlines, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Global Phasing Ltd, Cambridge CB3 0AX, England. RP Schiltz, M (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Cristallog, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM marc.schiltz@epfl.ch RI Besnard, celine/L-6207-2015 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 40 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1107/S0021889807015178 PN 3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 169NE UT WOS:000246598100020 ER PT J AU Dobrynin, AN Temst, K Lievens, P Margueritat, J Gonzalo, J Afonso, CN Piscopiello, E Van Tendeloo, G AF Dobrynin, A. N. Temst, K. Lievens, P. Margueritat, J. Gonzalo, J. Afonso, C. N. Piscopiello, E. Van Tendeloo, G. TI Observation of Co/CoO nanoparticles below the critical size for exchange bias SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-FLOP TRANSITION; COERCIVITY ENHANCEMENT; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; MATRIX AB We compare the magnetic properties of pure and oxidized Co nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous Al2O3 matrix. Nanoparticles with diameters of 2 or 3 nm were prepared by alternate pulsed laser deposition in high vacuum conditions, and some of them were exposed to O-2 after production and before being embedded. The nanoparticles are organized in layers, the effective edge-to-edge in-depth separation being 5 or 10 nm. The lower saturation magnetizations per Co atom for the samples containing oxidized nanoparticles provide evidence for the formation of antiferromagnetic CoO shells in the nanoparticles. None of the samples with Co/CoO nanoparticles show exchange bias, while vertical hysteresis loop shifts and enhanced coercivities (as compared to samples with pure Co nanoparticles) are observed. This constitutes evidence for the nanoparticles size being in all cases smaller than the critical size for exchange bias. The difference in coercivity versus temperature dependences for the samples with pure and oxidized Co nanoparticles shows that the exchange anisotropy in Co/CoO nanoparticles appears at temperatures lower than 50 K. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Vaste Stoffysica Magnetism, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. CSIC, Inst Opt, Laser Proc Grp, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Lievens, P (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM peter.lievens@fys.kuleuven.be RI Gonzalo, Jose/B-7564-2011; Jeremie, Margueritat/I-1167-2012; OI Gonzalo, Jose/0000-0001-5523-2640; Jeremie, Margueritat/0000-0003-2075-1875; Lievens, Peter/0000-0001-6570-0559 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113913 DI 10.1063/1.2736303 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000098 ER PT J AU Iyer, S Wu, L Li, J Potoczny, S Matney, K Kent, PRC AF Iyer, S. Wu, L. Li, J. Potoczny, S. Matney, K. Kent, P. R. C. TI Effects of N incorporation on the structural and photoluminescence characteristics of GaSbN/GaSb single quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND; ALLOYS; NITROGEN; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; GAASN; GANSB AB The structural and optical properties of GaSbN single quantum wells grown on GaSb substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated for N concentrations up to 1.5%. The presence of well-resolved and pronounced Pendellosung fringes, dynamical diffraction rods seen in the corresponding reciprocal space map, and triple-axis x-ray full width at half maximum of 10-11 arcsec of the substrate and epilayer peak indicates epilayers of excellent quality with smooth interfaces. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) exhibited sharp and discrete N-related PL line features below the GaSb band edge. Their dependence on N concentration as well as measurement temperature and excitation intensity of the PL strongly suggests that these lines correspond to highly localized N pair/cluster states. No significant effect of in situ annealing in Sb ambient on the PL features was observed, while ex situ annealing in N ambient led to the annihilation of these features. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Bede Sci Inc, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iyer, S (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM iyer@ncat.edu RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113508 DI 10.1063/1.2734081 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000035 ER PT J AU Jackrel, DB Bank, SR Yuen, HB Wistey, MA Harris, JS AF Jackrel, David B. Bank, Seth R. Yuen, Homan B. Wistey, Mark A. Harris, James S., Jr. TI Dilute nitride GaInNAs and GaInNAsSb solar cells by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASERS; LOCALIZATION; GROWTH AB Dilute nitride films with a roughly 1 eV band gap can be lattice-matched to gallium arsenide and germanium, and therefore could become a critical component in next-generation multijunction solar cells. To date most dilute nitride solar cells have been plagued with poor efficiency, due in large part to short diffusion lengths. This study focuses on two techniques aimed at improving the quality of dilute nitride films grown by molecular beam epitaxy: the utilization of biased deflection plates installed in front of the nitrogen plasma source, and the introduction of antimony during growth. Results from GaInNAs cells grown with and without deflection plates, and GaInNAsSb solar cells are reported. The use of biased deflection plates during GaInNAs growth improved every aspect of solar cell performance. For the GaInNAs devices grown with deflection plates, the dark current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor were the best of the devices studied. The GaInNAsSb cells had the highest quantum efficiency, almost 80% at maximum, mainly due to low background doping densities providing these devices with wide depletion widths. The GaInNAsSb materials also had quite narrow band gaps of 0.92 eV. Because of the high collection efficiency coupled with the narrow band gap, the sub-GaAs short-circuit current density produced by the GaInNAsSb cells is 14.8 mA/cm(2), which was the highest of the devices studied. This current is nearly 50% greater than the best dilute nitride solar cells in the literature, and is the first dilute nitride cell to produce enough current to current match the upper two subcells in a triple-junction device, composed of GaInP/InGaAs/GaInNAsSb. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Solid State Elect Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jackrel, DB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Solid State Elect Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM djackrel@stanfordalumni.org NR 21 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 114916 DI 10.1063/1.2744490 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000174 ER PT J AU Park, JS Lee, JK Hong, KS AF Park, Jong-Sung Lee, Jung-Kun Hong, Kug Sun TI The effect of alkali niobate addition on the phase stability and dielectric properties of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 based ceramic SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; BOUNDARY AB While Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) single crystals have shown superior ferroelectric properties, less scientific and technical interests have been placed on PZN-PT polycrystalline ceramics due to their poor thermodynamic stability and the difficult processing conditions. Here, we stabilized the PZN-PT based ceramics by adding alkali niobates such as NaNbO3 (NN) and KNbO3 (KN) and investigated their structure and dielectric properties. Two stabilization mechanisms are suggested in alkali niobate added PZN-PT ceramics, increased tolerance factor and enhanced electronegativity difference. KN stabilized the perovskite structure of PZN-PT based ceramics more effectively than NN. Both PZN-PT-KN and PZN-PT-NN ceramics showed the typical behavior of relaxor ferroelectrics. The temperature of maximum dielectric constant of PZN-PT-NN was slightly higher than that of the PZN-PT-KN, which was explained by the difference in ionic size and B-site ordering. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 114101 DI 10.1063/1.2733612 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000108 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Podraza, N Collins, RW Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM Deng, J Wronski, CR AF Pearce, J. M. Podraza, N. Collins, R. W. Al-Jassim, M. M. Jones, K. M. Deng, J. Wronski, C. R. TI Optimization of open circuit voltage in amorphous silicon solar cells with mixed-phase (amorphous plus nanocrystalline) p-type contacts of low nanocrystalline content SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; I-N; CARRIER RECOMBINATION; GAP PROFILES; LAYERS; PROTOCRYSTALLINE; CRYSTALLINE; FILMS; DEPOSITION AB Both the origins of the high open circuit voltages (V(OC)) in amorphous silicon solar cells having p layers prepared with very high hydrogen dilution and the physical structure of these optimum p layers remain poorly understood topics, with several studies offering conflicting views. This work attempts to overcome the limitations of previous studies by combining insights available from electronic measurements, real time spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and both high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dark field TEM of cross sections of entire solar cells. It is found that solar cells fabricated with p layers having a low volume fraction of nanocrystals embedded in a protocrystalline Si:H matrix possess lower recombination at the i/p interface than standard cells and deliver a higher V(OC). The growth of the p layers follows a thickness evolution in which pure protocrystalline character is observed at the interface to the i layer. However, a low density of nanocrystallites nucleates with increasing thickness. The advantages offered by the protocrystalline character associated with the amorphous phase of the mixed-phase (amorphous+nanocrystalline) p layers prepared with excess H(2) dilution account for the improved V(OC) of the optimum p layers. In this model, the appearance of a low volume fraction of nanocrystals near the top transparent conductor interface is proposed to be incidental to the high V(OC). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. EM jpearce@clarion.edu RI Pearce, Joshua/D-2052-2010; Pearce, Joshua/C-9240-2013 OI Pearce, Joshua/0000-0002-4894-5332; Pearce, Joshua/0000-0001-9802-3056 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 114301 DI 10.1063/1.2714507 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000119 ER PT J AU Thompson, DC Alford, TL Mayer, JW Hochbauer, T Lee, JK Nastasi, M Lau, SS Theodore, ND Chu, PK AF Thompson, D. C. Alford, T. L. Mayer, J. W. Hochbauer, T. Lee, J. K. Nastasi, M. Lau, S. S. Theodore, N. David Chu, Paul K. TI Microwave enhanced ion-cut silicon layer transfer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-IMPLANTED SILICON; THERMAL DONOR FORMATION; N-TYPE SILICON; SI; EXFOLIATION; TECHNOLOGY; BORON; DEFECTS; FIELD; GLASS AB Microwave heating has been used to decrease the time required for exfoliation of thin single-crystalline silicon layers onto insulator substrates using ion-cut processing. Samples exfoliated in a 2.45 GHz, 1300 W cavity applicator microwave system saw a decrease in incubation times as compared to conventional anneal processes. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, cross sectional scanning electron microscopy, cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, and selective aperture electron diffraction were used to determine the transferred layer thickness and crystalline quality. The surface quality was determined by atomic force microscopy. Hall measurements were used to determine electrical properties as a function of radiation repair anneal times. Results of physical and electrical characterizations demonstrate that the end products of microwave enhanced ion-cut processing do not appreciably differ from those using more traditional means of exfoliation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Wireless & Packaging Syst Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Alford, TL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM alford@asu.edu RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 114915 DI 10.1063/1.2737387 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000173 ER PT J AU Chistoserdova, L Lapidus, A Han, C Goodwin, L Saunders, L Brettin, T Tapia, R Gilna, P Lucas, S Richardson, PM Lidstrom, ME AF Chistoserdova, Ludmila Lapidus, Alla Han, Cliff Goodwin, Lynne Saunders, Liz Brettin, Tom Tapia, Roxanne Gilna, Paul Lucas, Susan Richardson, Paul M. Lidstrom, Mary E. TI Genome of Methylobacillus flagellatus, molecular basis for obligate methylotrophy, and polyphyletic origin of methylotrophy SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOBACTERIUM-EXTORQUENS AM1; SP STRAIN 12S; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; FORMALDEHYDE OXIDATION; GENE-CLUSTER; GROWTH; METHANOL; KT; BACTERIA; ENZYME AB Along with methane, methanol and methylated amines represent important biogenic atmospheric constituents; thus, not only methanotrophs but also nonmethanotrophic methylotrophs play a significant role in global carbon cycling. The complete genome of a model obligate methanol and methylamine utilizer, Methylobaciflus flagellatus (strain KT) was sequenced. The genome is represented by a single circular chromosome of approximately 3 Mbp, potentially encoding a total of 2,766 proteins. Based on genome analysis as well as the results from previous genetic and mutational analyses, methylotrophy is enabled by methanol and methylamine dehydrogenases and their specific electron transport chain components, the tetrahydromethanopterin-linked formaldehyde oxidation pathway and the assimilatory and dissimilatory ribulose monophosphate cycles, and by a formate dehydrogenase. Some of the methylotrophy genes are present in more. than one (identical or nonidentical) copy. The obligate dependence on single-carbon compounds appears to be due to the incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle, as no genes potentially encoding alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, or succinate dehydrogenases are identifiable. The genome of M. flagellatus was compared in terms of methylotrophy functions to the previously sequenced genomes of three methylotrophs, Methylobacterium extorquens (an alphaproteobacterium, 7 Mbp), Methylibium petroleiphilum (a betaproteobacterium, 4 Mbp), and Methylococcus capsulatus (a gamma-proteobacterium, 3.3 Mbp). Strikingly, metabolically and/or phylogenetically, the methylotrophy functions in M. flagellatus were more similar to those in M. capsulatus and M. extorquens than to the ones in the more closely related M. petroleiphilum species, providing the first genomic evidence for the polyphyletic origin of methylotrophy in Betaproteobacteria. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. Product Genom Facil, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chistoserdova, L (reprint author), 616 NE Northlake Pl Room 454, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM milachis@u.washington.edu RI Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01 GM 58933, R01 GM058933] NR 57 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 189 IS 11 BP 4020 EP 4027 DI 10.1128/JB.00045-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JN UT WOS:000247285900010 PM 17416667 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SR Fard, SF Paiwand, FF Tolg, C Veiseh, M Wang, C McCarthy, JB Bissell, MJ Koropatnick, J Turley, EA AF Hamilton, Sara R. Fard, Shireen F. Paiwand, Frouz F. Tolg, Cornelia Veiseh, Mandana Wang, Chao McCarthy, James B. Bissell, Mina J. Koropatnick, James Turley, Eva A. TI The hyaluronan receptors CD44 and Rhamm (CD168) form complexes with ERK1,2 that sustain high basal motility in breast cancer cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; MAP KINASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BINDING-PROTEIN; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; MEDIATED MOTILITY; TUMOR PROGRESSION; FACTOR-BETA; EXPRESSION AB CD44 is an integral hyaluronan receptor that can promote or inhibit motogenic signaling in tumor cells. Rhamm is a nonintegral cell surface hyaluronan receptor (CD168) and intracellular protein that promotes cell motility in culture. Here we describe an autocrine mechanism utilizing cell surface RhammCD44 interactions to sustain rapid basal motility in invasive breast cancer cell lines that requires endogenous hyaluronan synthesis and the formation of Rhamm-CD44-ERK1,2 complexes. Motile/invasive MDA-MB-231 and Ras-MCF10A cells produce more endogenous hyaluronan, cell surface CD44 and Rhamm, an oncogenic Rhamm isoform, and exhibit more elevated basal activation of ERK1,2 than less invasive MCF7 and MCF10A breast cancer cells. Furthermore, CD44, Rhamm, and ERK1,2 uniquely co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in MDA-MB-231 and Ras-MCF10A cells. Combinations of anti-CD44, anti-Rhamm antibodies, and a MEK1 inhibitor (PD098059) had less-than-additive blocking effects, suggesting the action of all three proteins on a common motogenic signaling pathway. Collectively, these results show that cell surface Rhamm and CD44 act together in a hyaluronan-dependent autocrine mechanism to coordinate sustained signaling through ERK1,2, leading to high basal motility of invasive breast cancer cells. Therefore, an effect of CD44 on tumor cell motility may depend in part on its ability to partner with additional proteins, such as cell surface Rhamm. C1 Canc Res Labs, London Reg Canc Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Cardiovasc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Turley, EA (reprint author), Canc Res Labs, London Reg Canc Program, Rm A4-931,790 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. EM eva.turley@lhsc.on.ca FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA126552-01, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, U54 CA126552] NR 95 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 22 BP 16667 EP 16680 DI 10.1074/jbc.M702078200 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 172HH UT WOS:000246794300072 PM 17392272 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JD Song, J Klapperich, CM AF Kaufman, Jessica D. Song, Jie Klapperich, Catherine M. TI Nanomechanical analysis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE tissue engineering; bone; pHEMA; nanoindentation; mechanical properties ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; SENSING INDENTATION; POLYMERIC MATERIALS; NANOINDENTATION; BIOMATERIALS; BEHAVIOR; MODULUS; LOAD; HYDROXYAPATITE AB Copolymers of (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) and methacrylamide monomers conjugated with amino acids were synthesized and crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The resulting library of copolymers was mineralized in vitro using two distinct methods. In the first mineralization method, the copolymers were polymerized in the presence of a sub-micron hydroxyapatite (HA) suspension. In the second method, copolymers were mineralized with HA using a urea-mediated process. The mechanical properties of all of the copolymers, both mineralized and not, were determined using nanoindentation under both load and displacement control. A power law fit to the initial unloading curve was used to determine a reduced elastic modulus for each material. Between 30 and 300 indentations were performed on each material, and ANOVA analysis was run to determine the statistical significance of differences in modulus between samples. Using nanoindentation, the 22 different samples had reduced modulus values ranging from 840 MPa to 4.14 GPa. Aspartic acid-methacrylate (Asp-MA) copolymers were not distinguishable from the pHEMA control material. Polymerization in the presence of HA created a more uniform material than the Urea method of mineralization. Several challenges and solutions encountered in the nanomechanical testing of soft, heterogeneous materials are discussed. These results demonstrate that with proper experimental design, the mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffold materials based on polymer-ceramic composite materials can be determined using small samples and nanoindentation techniques. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 81A: 611-623, 2007. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Klapperich, CM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM catherin@bu.edu RI Klapperich, Catherine/D-5533-2011; OI Klapperich, Catherine /0000-0001-6103-849X NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 81A IS 3 BP 611 EP 623 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30976 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 165AS UT WOS:000246276800011 PM 17187400 ER PT J AU Buchko, GW Ni, SS Lourette, NM Reeves, R Kennedy, MA AF Buchko, Garry W. Ni, Shuisong Lourette, Natacha M. Reeves, Raymond Kennedy, Michael A. TI NMR resonance assignments of the human high mobility group protein HMGA1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Buchko, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM garry.buchko@pnl.gov RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10858-006-9116-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 169SX UT WOS:000246613100017 PM 17206468 ER PT J AU Pascal, JM Tsodikov, OV Hura, GL Thiner, JA Ellenberger, T AF Pascal, John M. Tsodikov, Oleg V. Hura, Greg L. Thiner, John A. Ellenberger, Tom TI Crystallographic and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of DNA ligase interaction with the protein sliding clamp, PCNA SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 MA 11 BP 616 EP 617 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 179KY UT WOS:000247289600022 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y. TI High performance computing simulations of tRNA movement through the ribosome SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM kys@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 MA 34 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 179KY UT WOS:000247289600045 ER PT J AU Vuyisich, M Gnanakaran, G Lovchik, JA Lyons, CR DeBord, KL Gupta, G AF Vuyisich, Momochilo Gnanakaran, Gnana Lovchik, Julie A. Lyons, C. Rick DeBord, Kristin L. Gupta, Goutam TI Novel therapy for anthrax SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID RECEPTOR; TOXIN C1 Biosci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp B 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Div Theory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis & Immun, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Off Bio Defense Res Affairs, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 MA 171 BP 727 EP 728 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 179KY UT WOS:000247289600182 ER PT J AU Wu, YS AF Wu Yushu TI An integrated methodology for characterizing flow and transport processes in fractured rock SO JOURNAL OF CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the International-Professionals-for-the-Advancement-of-Chinese-Earth-Science s CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL China Univ Geol Sci, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Professionals Advancement Chinese Earth Sci HO China Univ Geol Sci ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; POROUS-MEDIA C1 Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM YSWu@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES PI WUHAN PA YUJIASHAN, WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0705 J9 J CHINA UNIV GEOSCI JI J. China Univ. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 SI SI BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214WM UT WOS:000249768900046 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Ye, Q Huang, ZY Zhao, WD Romanek, C Mills, G Li, WJ Chen, JQ Song, ZQ Hedlund, B Bagwell, C Pi, YD Pearson, A Inskeep, B Wiegel, J AF Chuanlun Zhang Qi Ye Zhiyong Huang Weidong Zhao Romanek, Christopher Mills, Gary Li Wenjun Chen Jinquan Song Zhaoqi Hedlund, Brian Bagwell, Christopher Yundan Pi Pearson, Ann Inskeep, Bill Wiegel, Juergen TI Predominance of Crenarchaeota and putative archaeal ammonia-oxidizing metabolism in terrestrial hot springs SO JOURNAL OF CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the International-Professionals-for-the-Advancement-of-Chinese-Earth-Science s CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL China Univ Geol Sci, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Professionals Advancement Chinese Earth Sci HO China Univ Geol Sci DE Archaea; Crenarchaeota; ammonia-oxidizing archaea; lipid biomarkers; hot springs C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Yunnan Univ, Yunnan Inst Microbiol, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu RI Pearson, Ann/A-6723-2009 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES PI WUHAN PA YUJIASHAN, WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0705 J9 J CHINA UNIV GEOSCI JI J. China Univ. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 SI SI BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214WM UT WOS:000249768900134 ER PT J AU Taylor, KE Crucifix, M Braconnot, P Hewitt, CD Doutriaux, C Broccoli, AJ Mitchell, JFB Webb, MJ AF Taylor, K. E. Crucifix, M. Braconnot, P. Hewitt, C. D. Doutriaux, C. Broccoli, A. J. Mitchell, J. F. B. Webb, M. J. TI Estimating shortwave radiative forcing and response in climate models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; CLOUD FEEDBACK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; GCM AB Feedback analysis in climate models commonly involves decomposing any change in the system's energy balance into radiative forcing terms due to prescribed changes, and response terms due to the radiative effects of changes in model variables such as temperature, water vapor, clouds, sea ice, and snow. The established "partial radiative perturbation" (PRP) method allows an accurate separation of these terms, but requires processing large volumes of model output with an offline version of the model's radiation code. Here, we propose an "approximate PRP" (APRP) method for the shortwave that provides an accurate estimate of the radiative perturbation, but derived from a quite modest amount of monthly mean model output. The APRP method is based on a simplified shortwave radiative model of the atmosphere, where surface absorption and atmospheric scattering and absorption are represented by means of three parameters that are diagnosed for overcast and clear-sky portions of each model grid cell. The accuracy of the method is gauged relative to full PRP calculations in two experiments: one in which carbon dioxide concentration is doubled and another in which conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are simulated. The approximate PRP method yields a shortwave cloud feedback accurate in the global mean to within 7%. Forcings and feedbacks due to surface albedo and noncloud atmospheric constituents are also well approximated with errors of order 5%-10%. Comparison of two different model simulations of the LGM shows that the regional and global differences in their ice sheet albedo forcing fields are clearly captured by the APRP method. Hence this method is an efficient and satisfactory tool for studying and intercomparing shortwave forcing and feedbacks in climate models. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. CEA, DSM, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Saclay, France. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Taylor, KE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM taylor13@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2530 EP 2543 DI 10.1175/JCLI4143.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 177NH UT WOS:000247159300012 ER PT J AU Flanagan, JL Brodie, EL Weng, L Lynch, SV Garcia, O Brown, R Hugenholtz, P DeSantis, TZ Andersen, GL Wiener-Kronish, JP Bristow, J AF Flanagan, J. L. Brodie, E. L. Weng, L. Lynch, S. V. Garcia, O. Brown, R. Hugenholtz, P. DeSantis, T. Z. Andersen, G. L. Wiener-Kronish, J. P. Bristow, J. TI Loss of bacterial diversity during antibiotic treatment of intubated patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; FLORA; MICROORGANISMS AB Management of airway infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious clinical challenge, but little is known about the microbial ecology of airway infections in intubated patients. We analyzed bacterial diversity in endotracheal aspirates obtained from intubated patients colonized by P. aeruginosa by using 16S rRNA clone libraries and microarrays (PhyloChip) to determine changes in bacterial community compositions during antibiotic treatment. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were absent from aspirates obtained from patients briefly intubated for elective surgery but were detected by PCR in samples from all patients intubated for longer periods. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clone libraries demonstrated the presence of many orally, nasally, and gastrointestinally associated bacteria, including known pathogens, in the lungs of patients colonized with P. aeruginosa. PhyloChip analysis detected the same organisms and many additional bacterial groups present at low abundance that were not detected in clone libraries. For each patient, both culture-independent methods showed that bacterial diversity decreased following the administration of antibiotics, and communities became dominated by a pulmonary pathogen. P. aeruginosa became the dominant species in six of seven patients studied, despite treatment of five of these six with antibiotics to which it was sensitive in vitro. Our data demonstrate that the loss of bacterial diversity under antibiotic selection is highly associated with the development of pneumonia in ventilated patients colonized with P. aeruginosa. Interestingly, PhyloChip analysis demonstrated reciprocal changes in abundance between P. aeruginosa and the class Bacilli, suggesting that these groups may compete for a similar ecological niche and suggesting possible mechanisms through which the loss of microbial diversity may directly contribute to pathogen selection and persistence. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bristow, J (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr,Bldg 400-404, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM jbristow@lbl.gov RI Lynch, Susan/B-6272-2009; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL024075, HL69809, P01 HL024075, P50 HL074005, PH50HL74005, R01 HL069809] NR 44 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1954 EP 1962 DI 10.1128/JCM.02187-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500043 PM 17409203 ER PT J AU Mozyrsky, D Martin, I Hastings, MB Shnirman, A AF Mozyrsky, D. Martin, I. Hastings, M. B. Shnirman, A. TI Renormalization of resonant tunneling in MOSFETs SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor; surface defects; single electron tunneling ID RANDOM TELEGRAPH SIGNALS; NOISE; INTERFACE; SINGULARITIES; TRANSISTORS AB We study tunneling between a localized defect state and a conduction band in the presence of strong electron-electron and electron-phonons interactions. We derive the tunneling rate as a function of the position of the defect energy level relative to the Fermi energy of conduction electrons. We argue that our results can explain the large tunneling timescales observed in experiments on random telegraph signals in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Mozyrsky, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 772 EP 776 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 187YC UT WOS:000247884200008 ER PT J AU Miller, GH Trebotich, D AF Miller, G. H. Trebotich, D. TI Toward a mesoscale model for the dynamics of polymer solutions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article CT European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics CY SEP 05-08, 2006 CL Egmond, NETHERLANDS DE polymer flow; microfluidics; bead-rod model; SHAKE; RATTLE ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DNA-MOLECULES; ALGORITHM AB To model entire microfluidic systems containing solvated polymers we argue that it is necessary to have a numerical stability constraint governed only by the advective CFL condition. Advancements in the treatment of Kramers; bead-rod polymer models are presented to enable tightly-coupled fluidparticle algorithms in the context of system-level modeling. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numerical Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Trebotich, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 187YC UT WOS:000247884200013 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Serpico, PD AF Hooper, Dan Serpico, Pasquale D. TI Angular signatures of dark matter in the diffuse gamma ray background SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; high energy photons ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; MILKY-WAY HALO; GALACTIC-CENTER; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR SYSTEMS; ANNIHILATION; RADIATION; SUBSTRUCTURE; DISRUPTION; EMISSION AB Dark matter annihilating in our galaxy's halo and elsewhere in the universe is expected to generate a diffuse flux of gamma rays, potentially observable with next generation satellite-based experiments, such as GLAST. In this paper, we study the signatures of dark matter in the angular distribution of this radiation, in particular the deterministic ones. We discuss the effect, pertaining to the extragalactic contribution, of the motion of the solar system with respect to the cosmological rest frame, and anisotropies due to the structure of our local universe. For the gamma ray flux from dark matter in our own galactic halo, we discuss the effects of the offset position of the solar system, the Compton-Getting effect, the asphericity of the Milky Way halo, and the signatures of nearby substructure. We explore the prospects for the detection of these features by the GLAST satellite and find that, if similar to 10% or more of the diffuse gamma ray background observed by EGRET is the result of dark matter annihilations, then GLAST should be sensitive to anisotropies at the sub-per cent level. Such precision would be sufficient to detect many, if not all, of the signatures discussed in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov; serpico@fnal.gov NR 80 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/06/013 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 188MS UT WOS:000247924600017 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Sounart, TL Scrymgeour, DA Voigt, JA Hsu, JWP AF Lee, Yun-Ju Sounart, Thomas L. Scrymgeour, David A. Voigt, James A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Control of ZnO nanorod array alignment synthesized via seeded solution growth SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal morphology; nanostructures; liquid phase epitaxy; zinc compounds; semiconducting II-IV materials; solar cells ID SOLAR-CELLS; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; POLYMER; NANOSTRUCTURES; FILMS AB The critical factors that determine the degree of alignment of dense ZnO nanorod (NRAs) arrays synthesized via a two-step seeding and solution growth process were systematically examined, with a goal of optimizing the array density and surface area for hybrid organic-in organic photovoltaic (PV) devices. Unexpectedly, we found that the degree of alignment of ZnO nanorod arrays depended strongly on the ambient humidity level during the seeding step. Close-packed ZnO nanorod arrays with [0 0 1] axis perpendicular to the substrate were obtained only when seeded at > 20% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature (RT), according to data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In addition, when the seeding RH was raised to > 60%, the polydispersity in the diameter and length of the ZnO nanorods increased, although good alignment was maintained. As a result, we determined an optimal seeding humidity of 30-40% for the synthesis of ordered ZnO nanorod arrays. Atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements revealed that the density of ZnO seeds was significantly lower below the 20% relative humidity threshold, indicating that water vapor plays a critical role in generating insoluble zinc hydrolysis products that act as nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of ZnO nanorods. Finally, we found that the alignment of the ZnO nanorod arrays was strongly disrupted as the roughness of the underlying fluorinated tin oxide substrate increased. The improved control of the morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays may lead to improved carrier collection of conducting polymer-ZnO nanorod array hybrid PV devices. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ylee@sandia.gov RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 NR 16 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.02.011 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 178PF UT WOS:000247231900015 ER PT J AU Hu, RW Hudis, J Stock, C Broholm, CL Petrovic, C AF Hu, Rongwei Hudis, J. Stock, C. Broholm, C. L. Petrovic, C. TI Single crystal growth of YbRh2Si2 using Zn flux SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE growth from high-temperature solutions; single crystal; YbRh2Si2 ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT AB Large single crystals of YbRh2Si2 have been successfully grown from a high-temperature solution technique, using Zn flux and followed by a decanting process. As opposed from the crystals growth from In flux, the crystals are flux-free and larger on average, suitable for neutron scattering experiments. Characterization of basic physical properties and comparison with crystals grown using In flux were performed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hu, RW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rhu@bnl.gov RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Hu, Rongwei/E-7128-2012 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 1 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.02.022 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 178PF UT WOS:000247231900021 ER PT J AU Brodrick, J AF Brodrick, James TI Next-generation lighting initiative at the US Department of Energy: Catalyzing science into the marketplace SO JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy conservation; light-emitting diodes (LEDs); lighting; light sources; research and development (R&D) AB Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a pivotal emerging technology that promises to fundamentally alter and improve lighting systems-and buildings of the future, significantly lowering energy use and costs and enhancing the quality of our building environments. No other lighting technology offers our nation so much potential to conserve electricity, at a time when our nation needs bold solutions to achieve greater energy independence. Major research and market introduction challenges must be addressed before the full promise of SSL is realized. This paper discusses the role of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as a catalyst in accelerating SSL technology advances, as it works in partnership with industry, research and academic organizations, and market transformation partners. Through a series of ongoing, interactive workshops, DOE and its partners have developed an extensive plan designed to ensure that DOE funds the appropriate research and development (R&D) topics and commercialization support strategies to help our nation's best and brightest lighting experts move SSL from the laboratory into the marketplace. C1 US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Brodrick, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM james.brodrick@ee.doe.gov NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1551-319X J9 J DISP TECHNOL JI J. Disp. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1109/JDT.2007.896742 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 346JH UT WOS:000259064300002 ER PT J AU Zhu, YH Frey, HC AF Zhu, Yunhua Frey, H. Christopher TI Simplified performance model of gas turbine combined cycle systems SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE models; turbines; simulation; sensitivity analysis AB Conventional evaluation approaches for complex technologies, such as gas turbine systems, typically use process simulators for modeling, which are usually complicated and time-consuming. In order to facilitate policy analysis, a simplified desktop model for gas turbine systems based upon the air-standard Brayton cycle is developed in Microsoft EXCEL. The simplified model incorporates key process details and includes a comprehensive cost model. The model is calibrated based on a typical "Frame 7F" heavy duty gas turbine fired with natural gas and syngas. The model generally produces accurate and reasonable estimates for performance and cost comparable to reference data. The model responds appropriately to different syngas compositions, such as based on variation in moisture content and CO2 removal. Changes in syngas composition lead to different syngas heating values and thus affect gas turbine performance and cost. The effects of changes in inputs on key outputs are evaluated. Six key inputs are identified that are critical in order to obtain accurate estimates. The simplified model provides detailed technical information in a format that supports strategic planning and analysis. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zhu, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frey@eos.ncsu.edu OI Frey, Henry/0000-0001-9450-0804 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9402 J9 J ENERG ENG-ASCE JI J. Energy Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(2007)133:2(82) PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 172TE UT WOS:000246826500003 ER PT J AU Moline, MA Woodruff, DL Evans, NR AF Moline, Mark A. Woodruff, Dana L. Evans, Nathan R. TI Optical delineation of benthic habitat using an autonomous underwater vehicle SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE DISTRIBUTION; ANTARCTIC KRILL AB To better characterize and improve our understanding of coastal waters, there has been an increasing emphasis on autonomous systems that can sample the ocean on relevant scales. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with active propulsion are especially well suited for studies of the coastal ocean because they are able to provide systematic and near-synoptic spatial observations. With this capability, science users are beginning to integrate sensor suits for a broad range of specific and often novel applications. Here, the relatively mature Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) AUV system is configured with multi-spectral radiometers to delineate benthic habitat in Sequim Bay, WA. The vehicle was deployed in a grid pattern along 5 km of coastline in depths from 30 to less than 2 m. Similar to satellite and/or aerial remote sensing, the bandwidth ratios from the downward looking radiance sensor and upward looking irradiance sensor were used to identify beds of eelgrass on submeter scales. Strong correlations were found between the optical reflectance signals and the geo-referenced in situ data collected with underwater video within the grid. Results demonstrate the ability of AUVs to map littoral habitats at high resolution and highlight the overall utility of the REMUS vehicle for nearshore oceanography. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Marine & Coastal Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Appl Tech Syst, Silverdale, WA 98383 USA. RP Moline, MA (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Marine & Coastal Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM moline@marine.calpoly.edu; dana.woodruff@pnl.gov; nathan.evans@intelligentdiscovcry.com NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1002/rob.20176 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 191YG UT WOS:000248167300004 ER PT J AU Craig, D Goldston, R Jarboe, TR Nelson, BA Sovinec, CR Woodruff, S Wurden, G AF Craig, D. Goldston, R. Jarboe, T. R. Nelson, B. A. Sovinec, C. R. Woodruff, S. Wurden, G. TI Chair summaries from the 2006 Innovative Confinement Concepts (ICC) Workshop SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE innovative confinement concepts AB The goal of the ICC program within the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) is to improve magnetic and inertial fusion concepts and to advance plasma science. ICC2006 is a continuation of the ICC series, which last year met in Madison, Wisconsin. It provides a forum for an exchange of ideas through presentations and discussions on the science and status of Innovative Confinement Concepts research, and for new ideas. The meeting provides feedback from the ICC community to the DOE OFES. In addition to invited talks on these topics, contributed papers are solicited describing experimental, theoretical, or computational work presently done in the ICC program, and also papers describing new ideas for possible proposals. The contributed papers were presented as posters, which were displayed during the workshop. The program committee also selected a subset of the contributed papers for oral presentation. A "skunkworks" session is included for completely new ideas (and novel twists to old ones). C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Woodruff, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM woodruff@aa.washington.edu RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9073-y PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800002 ER PT J AU Awe, TJ Siemon, RE Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Makhin, V Hsu, SC Intrator, TP AF Awe, T. J. Siemon, R. E. Bauer, B. S. Fuelling, S. Makhin, V. Hsu, S. C. Intrator, T. P. TI Magnetic field and inductance calculations in theta-pinch and z-pinch geometries SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE eddy current induction; magnetic diffusion; shielding; Magnetized Target Fusion AB Two codes have been developed to model solid metal or wire-wound conductors. The calculations are based on the decomposition of the conductors into arrays of thin wires. The first code, EDDY, models cylindrically symmetric conductors with currents in the theta direction. This code accurately models eddy current induction and magnetic diffusion. It was created in order to aid the design of magnetic-field shields in the FRX-L experiment for Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). EDDY uses fast, accurate elliptic integral subroutines from MATLAB to solve for the time-dependent current flowing through each wire loop and the resultant magnetic field configuration. The second code, INDIV, models arbitrarily shaped conductors with current flow in the z direction. It was designed to model current division in an inductive divider that would inject current into a liner cavity, for magnetic flux and magnetized-plasma compression experiments. An experiment has been performed to test the INDIV code and the inductive division concept. The numerical results compare well with those of the experiment. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Awe, TJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM awet@unr.nevada.edu OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9036-3 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800003 ER PT J AU Brown, MR Cothran, CD Fung, J Schaffer, MJ Belova, E AF Brown, M. R. Cothran, C. D. Fung, J. Schaffer, M. J. Belova, E. TI Novel dipole trapped spheromak configuration SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic confinement; spheromak; dipole ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TILTING INSTABILITY; LABORATORY PLASMA AB We report the observation and characterization of a spheromak formed in the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) and trapped in a simple dipole magnetic field. The spheromak is studied in the prolate (tilt unstable) 0.4 m diameter, L = 0.6 m length copper flux conserver in SSX. This configuration is stable to the tilt, despite the prolate flux conserver. The spheromak is characterized by a suite of magnetic probe arrays for magnetic structure B(r,t), ion Doppler spectroscopy for T-i and flow, interferometry for n(e) , and soft X-ray analysis for T-e . Three dimensional MHD simulations of this configuration verify its gross stability. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Gen Atom85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Brown, MR (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM doc@swarthmore.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9071-0 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800006 ER PT J AU Cothran, CD Fung, J Brown, MR Schaffer, MJ Belova, E AF Cothran, C. D. Fung, J. Brown, M. R. Schaffer, M. J. Belova, E. TI Spectroscopic flow and ion temperature studies of a large s FRC SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic confinement; field reversed configuration; spheromak merging ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; STABILITY; GENERATION AB The Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) produces a large s FRC by merging counter-helicity spheromaks within a cylindrical flux conserver. Past results have shown that the toroidal fields in each spheromak do not annihilate even after the poloidal flux appears to have completely reconnected. This would suggest a radially directed current density at the midplane, and therefore a radially sheared azimuthal component of J x B. In contrast, fast high resolution spectroscopic measurements indicate that flow at the midplane is small (u < < v (A) ) and there is little shear. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Gen Atom85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cothran, CD (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM ccothra1@swarthmore.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9045-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800007 ER PT J AU Fuelling, S Awe, TJ Bauer, BS Goodrich, T Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Siemon, RE Atchison, WL Reinovsky, RE Salazar, MA Scudder, DW Turchi, PJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL AF Fuelling, Stephan Awe, Thomas J. Bauer, Bruno S. Goodrich, Tasha Lindemuth, Irvin R. Makhin, Volodymyr Siemon, Richard E. Atchison, Walter L. Reinovsky, Robert E. Salazar, Mike A. Scudder, David W. Turchi, Peter J. Degnan, James H. Ruden, Edward L. TI Experimental design of a magnetic flux compression experiment SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic flux compression; Magnetized Target Fusion; radiation magnetohydrodynamics; experiment ID Z PINCHES; PHYSICS AB Generation of ultrahigh magnetic fields is an interesting topic of high-energy-density physics, and an essential aspect of Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). To examine plasma formation from conductors impinged upon by ultrahigh magnetic fields, in a geometry similar to that of the MAGO experiments, an experiment is under design to compress magnetic flux in a toroidal cavity, using the Shiva Star or Atlas generator. An initial toroidal bias magnetic field is provided by a current on a central conductor. The central current is generated by diverting a fraction of the liner current using an innovative inductive current divider, thus avoiding the need for an auxiliary power supply. A 50-mm-radius cylindrical aluminum liner implodes along glide planes with velocity of about 5 km/s. Inward liner motion causes electrical closure of the toroidal chamber, after which flux in the chamber is conserved and compressed, yielding magnetic fields of 2-3 MG. Plasma is generated on the liner and central rod surfaces by Ohmic heating. Diagnostics include B-dot probes, Faraday rotation, radiography, filtered photodiodes, and VUV spectroscopy. Optical access to the chamber is provided through small holes in the walls. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fuelling, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Mailstop 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM fuelling@physics.unr.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9038-1 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800009 ER PT J AU Hooper, EB Cohen, BI Hill, DN LoDestro, LL McLean, HS Romero-Talamas, CA Wood, RD Sovinec, CR AF Hooper, E. B. Cohen, B. I. Hill, D. N. LoDestro, L. L. McLean, H. S. Romero-Talamas, C. A. Wood, R. D. Sovinec, C. R. TI Magnetic reconnection in the spheromak: Physics and consequences SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic confinement; spheromak; magnetic reconnection ID DRIVEN AB Magnetic reconnection in the spheromak changes magnetic topology by conversion of injected toroidal flux into poloidal flux and by magnetic surface closure (or opening) in a slowly decaying spheromak. Results from the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, SSPX, are compared with resistive MHD simulations using the NIMROD code. Voltage spikes on the SSPX gun during spheromak formation are interpreted as reconnection across a negative-current layer close to the mean-field x-point. Field lines are chaotic during these events, resulting in rapid electron energy loss to the walls and the low T (e) < 50 eV seen in experiment and simulation during strong helicity injection. Closure of flux sufaces (and high T (e) ) can occur between voltage spikes if they are sufficiently far apart in time; these topology changes are not reflected in the impedance of the axisymmetric gun. Possible future experimental scenarios in SSPX are examined in the presence of the constraints imposed by reconnection physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hooper, EB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hooper1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9065-y PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800014 ER PT J AU Hsu, SC Tang, XZ AF Hsu, S. C. Tang, X. Z. TI Proposed experiment to study relaxation formation of a spherical tokamak with a plasma center column SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE spherical torus; spheromak; plasma central column ID COAXIAL HELICITY INJECTION; STEADY-STATE; TILTING INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPHEROMAK; SUSTAINMENT; DESIGN; TORUS AB A spherical tokamak (ST) with a plasma center column (PCC) can be formed via driven magnetic relaxation of a screw pinch plasma. An ST-PCC could in principle eliminate many problems associated with a material center column, a key weakness of the ST reactor concept. This work summarizes the design space for an ST-PCC in terms of flux amplification, aspect ratio, and elongation, based on the zero-beta Taylor-relaxed analysis of Tang & Boozer [Phys. Plasmas 13, 042514 (2006)]. The paper will discuss (1) equilibrium and stability properties of the ST-PCC, (2) issues for an engineering design, and (3) key differences between the proposed ST-PCC and the ongoing Proto-Sphera effort in Italy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hsu, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM scotthsu@lanl.gov OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9032-7 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800017 ER PT J AU Ji, H Belova, E Gerhardt, SP Yamada, M AF Ji, H. Belova, E. Gerhardt, S. P. Yamada, M. TI Recent advances in the SPIRIT (Self-organized Plasma with Induction, Reconnection, and Injection Techniques) concept SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic confinement; field reversed configuration; neutral beam injection ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; ROTATING MAGNETIC-FIELD; STABILITY PROPERTIES; GLOBAL STABILITY; PROFILE AB Since its inception at the 1997 Innovative Confinement Concept meeting, the Self-organized Plasma with Induction, Reconnection, and Injection Techniques (SPIRIT) concept has been continuously advanced both theoretically and experimentally. The main features of this concept are: (1) formation of large-flux Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) plasmas by merging two spheromaks with opposite helicities; (2) flexibility to assess FRC stability by varying the plasma shape and kinetic parameter, by using passive stabilizers, and by injecting energetic ions; (3) sustainment of the FRC for a time significantly longer than the energy confinement time using an ohmic transformer and/or neutral beam injection. Experiments carried out in TS-3/4 and SSX and more recently in Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) have further verified the effectiveness of this formation scheme for large-flux FRCs. An improved understanding of FRC stability over plasma shape and kinetic parameter has been obtained in MRX. New numerical simulations showed that FRC plasmas can be globally stabilized by injecting energetic ions. Many of these aspects of the SPIRIT concept can be further studied in the current MRX device. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ji, H (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hji@pppl.gov RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9043-4 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800019 ER PT J AU Post, RF AF Post, R. F. TI Combining the "Kinetic Tandem" and the "Kinetic Stabilizer" concepts SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE tandem mirror; axisymmetric mirror; Kinetic Stabilizer; Kinetic Tandem AB A novel means of MHD stabilizing axially symmetric mirror systems was proposed by Ryutov and demonstrated in the Gas Dynamic Trap at Novosibirsk. It relies on the strongly stabilizing effect exerted by low density plasma on the expanding field lines outside the mirrors. The "Kinetic Stabilizer Tandem Mirror" implements Ryutov's technique by injecting axially directed ion beams into the expander. The ions, stagnated, and reflected by the converging magnetic field, form the stabilizing plasma. MHD stability code calculations show stabilization at beta values of 40%, with stabilizer beam powers that are small compared to the T-M fusion power output. Implicit in the calculations is the assumption that adequate "communication" exists between the plug plasmas and the stabilizer plasmas. This paper examines one means for enhancing communication: Utilize the stabilizer plasma to create a potential peak that, together with the plug potential, forms a potential well that traps and contains a "bridging" plasma. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Post, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM Post3@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9052-3 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800031 ER PT J AU Raman, R Jarboe, TR Nelson, BA Bell, MG Mueller, D AF Raman, R. Jarboe, T. R. Nelson, B. A. Bell, M. G. Mueller, D. TI Solenoid-free plasma start-up in HIT-II and NSTX using transient CHI SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE CHI; ST; non-inductive current drive ID TOKAMAK AB A new method of non-inductive startup, referred to as transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI), has been successfully developed on the HIT-II experiment. In this method, a plasma current is rapidly produced by discharging a capacitor bank between coaxial electrodes in the presence of toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields. The initial poloidal field configuration is chosen such that the plasma rapidly expands into the chamber. When the injected current is rapidly decreased, magnetic reconnection occurs near the injection electrodes, with the toroidal plasma current forming closed flux surfaces. On HIT-II, CHI-started plasmas outperform discharges initiated by induction alone and consume fewer volt-seconds. The method has now been successfully applied on NSTX for an unambiguous proof-of-principle demonstration of closed-flux current generation without the use of the central solenoid. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raman, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM raman@aa.washington.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9063-0 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800033 ER PT J AU Romero-Talamas, CA Hooper, EB Hill, DN Cohen, BI McLean, HS Wood, RD Moller, JM AF Romero-Talamas, C. A. Hooper, E. B. Hill, D. N. Cohen, B. I. McLean, H. S. Wood, R. D. Moller, J. M. TI Comparison between experimental measurements and numerical simulations of spheromak formation in SSPX SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE spheromak formation; magnetic measurements; high-speed imaging; numerical simulations ID PHYSICS EXPERIMENT; DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY AB Data from a recently installed insertable magnetic probe array in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) [E. B. Hooper, L. D. Pearlstein, and R. H. Bulmer, Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)] is combined with high-speed images and compared against NIMROD [C. R. Sovinec, A. H. Glasser, T. A. Gianakon, D. C. Barnes, R. A. Nebel, S. E. Kruger, D. D. Schnack, S. J. Plimpton, A. Tarditi, and M. S. Chu, J. Comp. Phys. 195, 355 (2004)], a 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic code that is used to simulate SSPX plasmas. The experiment probe consists of a linear array of chip inductors arranged in clusters that are spaced every 2 cm, and spans the entire machine radius at the flux conserver midplane. Both the experiment and the numerical simulations show the appearance, shortly after breakdown, of a column with a hollow current profile that precedes magnetic reconnection, a process essential to the formation of closed magnetic flux surfaces. However, there are differences between the experiment and the simulation in how the column evolves after it is formed. These differences are studied to help identify the mechanisms that eventually lead to closed-flux surfaces (azimuthally averaged) and flux amplification, which occur in both the experiment and the simulation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Romero-Talamas, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM romerotalamas1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9040-7 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800035 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Thio, YCF AF Ryutov, D. D. Thio, Y. C. F. TI Solving the stand-off problem for magnetized target fusion: Plasma streams as disposable electrodes, together with a local spherical blanket SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetized target fusion; plasma liner; spherical blanket; plasma electrodes ID LINER; DENSITY; PHYSICS AB In a fusion reactor based on the magnetized target fusion approach, the permanent power supply has to deliver currents up to a few mega-amperes to the target dropped into the reaction chamber. All the structures situated around the target will be destroyed after every pulse and have to be replaced at a frequency of 1-10 Hz. In this paper, an approach based on the use of spherical blanket surrounding the target, and pulsed plasma electrodes connecting the target to the power supply, is discussed. A brief analysis of the processes associated with creation of plasma electrodes is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9050-5 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800036 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Si, JH Li, H AF Wang, Zhehui Si, Jiahe Li, Hui TI Observation of an enhanced magnetic helicity injection mode by a rotating plasma annulus SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic helicity injection; plasma rotation; coaxial plasma gun ID SPHEROMAK AB Coaxial plasma guns are commonly used to inject magnetic helicity in innovative confinement concepts (ICC's) for magnetic fusion. One of the key issues in magnetic helicity injection is to maximize the magnetic helicity injection rate. We have identified experimentally an alternative way to increase the magnetic helicity injection rate through rotating plasmas by extending the length of the inner electrode of a coaxial plasma gun so that an additional E x B region interweaves the standard J//B configuration. In the so-called "enhanced helicity injection" mode, the gun voltage is larger compared with the "normal" mode and decays more slowly. Another signature of the enhanced mode is increased edge magnetic field in conjunction with larger edge rotation. The results indicate that tuning plasma rotation is another way to enhance magnetic helicity injection using coaxial plasma guns. An alternative ICC is proposed based on the experimental observations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zwang@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9057-y PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800046 ER PT J AU Balazs, C Carena, M Freitas, A Wagner, CEM AF Balazs, Csaba Carena, Marcela Freitas, Ayres Wagner, Carlos E. M. TI Phenomenology of the nMSSM from colliders to cosmology SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE extended supersymmetry; supersymmetry phenomenology; cosmology of theories beyond the SM; baryogenesis ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS; INVISIBLE HIGGS-BOSON; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; GAUGE SINGLET; DARK-MATTER; BARYOGENESIS AB Low energy supersymmetric models provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and also have the necessary ingredients to solve two of the most outstanding issues in cosmology: the origin of dark matter and baryonic matter. One of the most attractive features of this framework is that the relevant physical processes are related to interactions at the weak scale and therefore is that the relevant physical processes are related to interactions at the weak scale and therefore may be tested in collider experiments in the near future. This is true for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) as well as for its extension with the addition of one singlet chiral superfield, the so-called nMSSM. It has been recently shown that within the nMSSM an elegant solution to both the problem of baryogenesis and dark matter may be found, that relies mostly on the mixing of the singlet sector with the Higgs sector of the theory. In this work we review the nMSSM model constraints from cosmology and present the associated collider phenomenology at the LHC and the ILC. We show that the ILC will efficiently probe the neutralino, chargino and Higgs sectors, allowing to confront cosmological observations with computations based on collider measurements. We also investigate the prospects for a direct detection of dark matter and the constraints imposed by the current bounds of the electron electric dipole moment in this model. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Balazs, C (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. EM csaba.balazs@sci.monash.edu.au; carena@fnal.gov; afreitas@physik.unizh.ch; cwagner@hep.anl.gov NR 113 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 066 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/066 PG 47 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400021 ER PT J AU Becher, T Melnikov, K AF Becher, Thomas Melnikov, Kirill TI Two-loop QED corrections to Bhabha scattering SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; electromagnetic processes and properties ID QCD CORRECTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; 2ND-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS; SINGULAR BEHAVIOR; MASS DIVERGENCES; QUARK SCATTERING; AMPLITUDES; DIAGRAMS; LUMINOSITY; FERMIONS AB We obtain a simple relation between massless and massive scattering amplitudes in gauge theories in the limit where all kinematic invariants are large compared to particle masses. We use this relation to derive the two-loop QED corrections to large-angle Bhabha scattering. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM becher@fnal.gov; kirill@phys.hawaii.edu NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 084 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/084 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400003 ER PT J AU Bousso, R Freivogel, B AF Bousso, Raphael Freivogel, Ben TI A paradox in the global description of the multiverse SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dS vacua in string theory; superstring vacua AB We use an argument by Page to exhibit a paradox in the global description of the multiverse: ther overwhelming majority of observers arise from quantum fluctuations and not by conventional evolution. Unless we are extremely atypical, this contradicts observation. The paradox does not arise in the local description of the multiverse, but similar arguments yield interesting constraints on the maximum lifetime of metastable vacua. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bousso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bousso@lbl.gov; benfreivogel@gmail.com NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 018 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/018 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400069 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K Hidaka, Y AF Fukushima, Kenji Hidaka, Yoshimasa TI Light projectile scattering off the color glass condensate SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE phenomenological models; parton model; QCD ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; Q(Q)OVER-BAR BOUND-STATE; LARGE NUCLEUS; QUARK AB We systematically compute the Gaussian average of Wilson lines inherent in the Color Glass Condensate, which provides useful formulae for evaluation of the scattering amplitude in the collision of a light projectile and a heavy target. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukushima, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fuku@quark.phy.bnl.gov; hidaka@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 040 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400047 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB AF Halpern, Martin B. TI The orbifolds of permutation-type as physical string systems at multiples of c=26 I. Extended actions and new twisted world-sheet gravities SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE space-time symmetries; conformal and W symmetry; conformal field models in string theory; classical theories of gravity ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORY; GENERAL VIRASORO CONSTRUCTION; ZUMINO-WITTEN MODEL; PION-QUARK MODEL; OPEN WZW STRINGS; CYCLIC PERMUTATIONS; OPERATOR ALGEBRA; LIE-ALGEBRAS; GAUGE-THEORY; 2 DIMENSIONS AB The is the first in a series of papers in which I investigate the orbifolds of permutation-type as candidates for new physical string systems at multipls of critical closed-string central charges. Examples include the bosonic orientation orbifolds, the bosonic permutation orbifolds and others, as well as superstring extensions. In this paper I use the extended (twisted) Virasoro algebras of these orbifolds to construct the corresponding extended action formulations of the twisted open- and closed-string sectors of all the bosonic orbifolds at (c) over cap = 26K. The extended actions exhibit a large set of new twisted world-sheet gravities, whose extended diffeomorphism groups clearly indicate that the associated operator-string theories can be free of negative-norm states at higher central charge. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM halpern@physics.berkeley.edu NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 068 PG 42 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400019 ER PT J AU Horava, P Keeler, CA AF Horava, Petr Keeler, Cynthia A. TI Strings on AdS(2) and the high-energy limit of noncritical M-theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE M-theory; gauge-gravity correspondence; Bosonic Strings ID MASSLESS HIGHER SPINS; SUPERSTRING COLLISIONS; FIELD-THEORY; GRAVITY; DIMENSIONS; EQUATIONS; SPACE; D=2+1; MODEL AB Noncritical M-theory in 2 + 1 dimensions has been defined as a double-scaling limit of a nonrelativistic Fermi liquid on a flat two-dimensional plane. Here we study the noncritical M-theory in the limit of high energies, analogous to the alpha '-> infinity limit of string theory. In the related case of two-dimensional Type 0A strings, it has been argued that the conformal alpha ' -> infinity limit leads to AdS(2) with a propagating fermion whose mass is set by the value of the RR flux. Here we provide evidence that in the high-energy limit, the natural ground state of noncritical M-theory similarly describes the AdS(2) X S-1 spacetime, with a massless propagating fermion. We argue that the spacetime effective theory in this background is captured by a topological higher-spin extension of conformal Chern-Simons gravity in 2 + 1 dimensions, consistently coupled to a massless Dirac field. Intriguingly, the two-dimensional plane populated by the original nonrelativistic fermions is essentially the twistor space associated with the symmetry group of AdS(2) X S-1 spacetime; thus, at least in the high-energy limit, noncritical M-theory can be nonperturbatively described as a "Fermi liquid on twistor space". C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Horava, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM horava@berkeley.edu; ckeeler@berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 031 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400056 ER PT J AU Kallosh, R Soroush, M AF Kallosh, Renata Soroush, Masoud TI Issues in type IIA uplifting SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dS vacua i string theory; flux compactifications ID DESITTER VACUA; COMPACTIFICATIONS; SUPERPOTENTIALS; BREAKING; FLUXES AB Moduli stabilization in the type IIA massive string theory so far was achieved only in the AdS vacua. The uplifting to dS vacua has not been performed as yet: neither the analogs of type IIB anti-D3 brane at the tip of the conifold, nor the appropriate D-terms have been identified. The hope was recently expressed that the F-term uplifting may work. We investigate this possibility in the context of a simplified version of the type IIA model developed in hep-th/0505160 and find that the F-term does not uplift the AdS vacua to dS vacua with positive CC. Thus it remains a challenging task to find phenomenologically acceptable vacua in the type IIA string theory. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kallosh, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kallosh@stanford.edu; soroush@stanford.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 041 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400046 ER PT J AU Kovtun, P Unsal, M Yaffe, LG AF Kovtun, Pavel Unsal, Mithat Yaffe, Laurence G. TI Volume independence in large N-C QCD-like gauge theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 1/N expansion; lattice gauge field theories [100] ID STATE VARIATIONAL ALGORITHM; EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; INFINITE-N; REDUCTION AB Volume independence in large N-c gauge theories may be viewed as a generalized orbifold equivalence. The reduction to zero volume (or Eguchi-Kawai reduction) is a special case of this equivalence. So is temperature independence in confining phases. A natural generalization concerns volume independence in "theory space" of quiver gauge theories. In pure Yang-Mills theory, the failure of volume independence for sufficiently small volumes (at weak coupling) due to spontaneous breaking of center symmetry, together with its validity above a critical size, nicely illustrate the symmetry realization conditions which are both necesasry and sufficient for large N-c orbifold equivalance. The existance of a minimal size below which volume independence fails also applies to Yang-Mills theory with antisymmetric representation fermions [QCD(AS)]. However, in Yang-Mills theory with adjoint representation fermions [QCD(Adj)], endowed with periodic boundary conditions, volume independence remains valid down to arbitrarily small size. In sufficiently large volumes, QCD(Adj) and QCD(AS) have a large N-c "orientifold" equivalence, provided charge conjugation symmetry is unbroken in the latter theory. Therefore, via a combined orbifold -orientifold mapping, a well-defined large N-c equilvance exists between QCD(AS) in large, or infinite, volume and QCD(Adj) in arbitrarily small volume. Since asymptotically free gauge theories, such as QCD(Adj), are much easier to study (analytically or numerically) in small volume, this equivalence should allow greater understanding of large N-c QCD in infinite volume. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kovtun, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kovtun@kitp.ucsb.edu; unsal@slac.stanford.edu; yaffe@phys.washington.edu NR 40 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 019 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400068 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Searching for Lee-Wick gauge bosons at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; hadronic colliders ID KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; S-MATRIX; MODELS; BOUNDS AB In an extension of the Standard Model(SM) based on the ideas of Lee and Wick, Grinstein, O'Connell and Wise have found an interesting way to remove the usual quadratically divergent contributions to the Higgs mass induced by radiative corrections. Phenomenologically, the model predicts the existence of Terascale, negative-norm copies of the usual SM fields with rather unique properties: ghost-like propagators and negative decay widths, but with otherwise SM-like couplings. The model is both unitary and causal on macroscopic scales. In this paper we examine whether or not such states with these unusual properties can be uniquely identified as such at the LHC. We find that in the extended strong and electroweak gauge boson sector of the model, which is the simplest one to analyze, such an identification can be rather difficult. Observation of heavy gluon-like resonances in the dijet channel offers the best hope for this identification. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 IS 6 AR 070 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/070 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 188DX UT WOS:000247900400017 ER PT J AU Gao, HL Wood, EF Drusch, M McCabe, MF AF Gao, Huilin Wood, Eric F. Drusch, Matthias McCabe, Matthew F. TI Copula-derived observation operators for assimilating TMI and AMSR-E retrieved soil moisture into land surface models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE MODEL; JULY 1993; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; SYSTEM; SCALES; IMPACT AB Assimilating soil moisture from satellite remote sensing into land surface models (LSMs) has potential for improving model predictions by providing real-time information at large scales. However, the majority of the research demonstrating this potential has been limited to datasets based on either airborne data or synthetic observations. The limited availability of satellite-retrieved soil moisture and the observed qualitative difference between satellite-retrieved and modeled soil moisture has posed challenges in demonstrating the potential over large regions in actual applications. Comparing modeled and satellite-retrieved soil moisture fields shows systematic differences between their mean values and between their dynamic ranges, and these systematic differences vary with satellite sensors, retrieval algorithms, and LSMs. This investigation focuses on generating observation operators for assimilating soil moisture into LSMs using a number of satellite-model combinations. The remotely sensed soil moisture products come from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and the NASA/Earth Observing System (EOS) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E). The soil moisture model predictions are from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model; the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40); and the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). For this analysis, the satellite and model data are over the southern Great Plains region from 1998 to 2003 (1998-2002 for ERA-40). Previous work on observation operators used the matching of cumulative distributions to transform satellite-retrieved soil moisture into modeled soil moisture, which implied perfect correlations between the ranked values. In this paper, a bivariate statistical approach, based on copula distributions, is employed for representing the joint distribution between retrieved and modeled soil moisture, allowing for a quantitative estimation of the uncertainty in modeled soil moisture when merged with a satellite retrieval. The conditional probability distribution of model-based soil moisture conditioned on a satellite retrieval forms the basis for the soil moisture observation operator. The variance of these conditional distributions for different retrieval algorithms, LSMs, and locations provides an indication of the information content of satellite retrievals in assimilation. Results show that the operators vary by season and by land surface model, with the satellite retrievals providing more information in summer [July-August (JJA)] and fall [September-November (SON)] than winter [December-February (DJF)] or spring [March-May (MAM)] seasons. Also, the results indicate that the value of satellite-retrieved soil moisture is most useful to VIC, followed by ERA-40 and then NARR. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wood, EF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM efwood@princeton.edu RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 413 EP 429 DI 10.1175/JHM570.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 184CU UT WOS:000247619500009 ER PT J AU Xie, ZH Yuan, F Duan, QY Zheng, J Liang, ML Chen, F AF Xie, Zhenghui Yuan, Fei Duan, Qingyun Zheng, Jing Liang, Miaoling Chen, Feng TI Regional parameter estimation of the VIC land surface model: methodology and application to river basins in China SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROSCALE HYDROLOGIC MODEL; BIOSPHERE MODEL; WATER-BALANCE; RUNOFF MODEL; CLIMATE AB This paper presents a methodology for regional parameter estimation of the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model with the goal of improving the streamflow simulation for river basins in China. This methodology is designed to obtain model parameter estimates from a limited number of calibrated basins and then regionalize them to uncalibrated basins based on climate characteristics and large river basin domains, and ultimately to continental China. Fourteen basins from different climatic zones and large river basins were chosen for model calibration. For each of these basins, seven runoff-related model parameters were calibrated using a systematic manual calibration approach. These calibrated parameters were then transferred within the climate and large river basin zones or climatic zones to the uncalibrated basins. To test the efficiency of the parameter regionalization method, a verification study was conducted on 19 independent river basins in China. Overall, the regionalized parameters, when evaluated against the a priori parameter estimates, were able to reduce the model bias by 0.4%-249.8% and relative root-mean-squared error by 0.2%-119.1% and increase the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of the streamflow simulation by 1.9%-31.7% for most of the tested basins. The transferred parameters were then used to perform a hydrological simulation over all of China so as to test the applicability of the regionalized parameters on a continental scale. The continental simulation results agree well with the observations at regional scales, indicating that the tested regionalization method is a promising scheme for parameter estimation for ungauged basins in China. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Xie, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zxie@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; Xie, Zhenghui/0000-0002-3137-561X NR 29 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 447 EP 468 DI 10.1175/JHM568.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 184CU UT WOS:000247619500012 ER PT J AU Peterson, ES Luther, TA Harrup, MK Klaehn, JR Stone, ML Orme, CJ Stewart, FF AF Peterson, Eric S. Luther, Thomas A. Harrup, Mason K. Klaehn, John R. Stone, Mark L. Orme, Christopher J. Stewart, Frederick F. TI On the contributions to the materials science aspects of phosphazene chemistry by Professor Christopher W. Allen: The one-pot synthesis of linear polyphosphazenes SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE phosphazenes; condensation; emsley reaction; membranes; solid polymer; electrolytes ID RADIATION CROSS-LINKING; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; ORGANOPHOSPHAZENES; STYRENE; COPOLYMERIZATION; PERVAPORATION; ELECTROLYTES; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES AB The wide range of applications for the phosphazene compounds has stimulated a major research effort involving several industrial, academic, and national laboratories over the past 40 years. One of Professor Allen's research areas was to establish fundamental synthetic methods for the commercial preparation of phosphazene polymers, investigate their properties, and develop useful products. In this paper we review some of the materials science aspects of Professor Allen's research including recent advances on the preparation and polymerization of Cl3PNP(O)Cl-2. This work, in particular, has led to a route for the "one-pot" synthesis of stable linear poly(organophosphazenes) as demonstrated through the formation of poly[bis-(2-methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) and a phosphazene heteropolymer (HPP) containing a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components that allow for control and molecular affinities. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Peterson, ES (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Frederick.Stewart@inl.gov RI Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017; Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939; Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1443 J9 J INORG ORGANOMET P JI J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s10904-007-9122-7 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 162TC UT WOS:000246111400004 ER PT J AU Hundhausen, RJ Adams, DE Derriso, M AF Hundhausen, R. Jason Adams, Douglas E. Derriso, Mark TI Impact loads identification in standoff metallic thermal protection system panels SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE loads identification; thermal protection system; inverse problem; impact loads ID STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS; TIME-DOMAIN METHOD; MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSE DATA; REGULARIZATION; PLATE AB This article describes two experimental approaches for the identification of transient impact loads applied to a metallic composite thermal protection system (TPS) panel. The critical nature of the TPS to the survival of the vehicle and crew warrants the development of a technique that can detect, quantify, and locate transient impact loads. This information will provide an opportunity to identify specific panels that are more or less prone to damage from transient impacts. Furthermore, a historical database of impact loads encountered can be retained for use in the development of statistical models that relate impact loading to panel life. The two techniques presented herein are a physics-based approach, where the panel is assumed to behave as a rigid body at low frequencies, and an inverse frequency response approach, where the system impedance matrix is measured, from which the loads acting on the panel can be estimated using the measured response. The validity of approaches is verified experimentally, and it is shown that the inverse frequency response method is capable of detecting, locating, and quantifying transient impact loads to a high degree of accuracy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Reponse Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hundhausen, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Reponse Grp, MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hundhausen@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1177/1045389X06067141 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 173XE UT WOS:000246905000002 ER PT J AU Myers, W Slichter, D Hatridge, M Busch, S Mossle, M McDermott, R Trabesinger, A Clarke, J AF Myers, Whittier Slichter, Daniel Hatridge, Michael Busch, Sarah Moessle, Michael McDermott, Robert Trabesinger, Andreas Clarke, John TI Calculated signal-to-noise ratio of MRI detected with SQUIDs and Faraday detectors in fields from 10 mu T to 1.5 T SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; SQUID; signal-to-noise ratio; tuned detection; untuned detection ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MICROTESLA MRI; DC-SQUID; AMPLIFIER; SYSTEM; NMR AB We examine the calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achievable with different MRI detection modalities in precession fields ranging from 10 mu T to 1.5 T. In particular, we compare traditional Faraday detectors with both tuned and untuned detectors based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). We derive general expressions for the magnetic field noise due to the samples and the detectors, and then calculate the SNR achievable for a specific geometry with each modality with and without prepolarization. We show that each of the three modalities is superior in one of the three field ranges. SQUID-based detection is superior to conventional Faraday detection for MRI in precession fields below 250 mT for a 65 mm diameter surface coil placed a distance of 25 mm from the voxel of interest embedded in a cylinder of tissue 50 mm tall and of radius 50 trim. This crossover field, however, is sensitive to the geometry. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jclarke@berkeley.edu RI Slichter, Daniel/A-2870-2013; Trabesinger, Andreas/J-2008-2016 OI Slichter, Daniel/0000-0002-1228-0631; Trabesinger, Andreas/0000-0003-3078-8399 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.02.007 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 182FM UT WOS:000247490500003 PM 17337220 ER PT J AU Raylman, RR Majewski, S Velan, SS Lemieux, S Kross, B Popov, V Smith, MF Weisenberger, AG AF Raylman, Raymond R. Majewski, Stan Sendhil Velan, S. Lemieux, Susan Kross, Brian Popov, Vladimir Smith, Mark F. Weisenberger, Andrew G. TI Simultaneous acquisition of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data and positron emission tomography (PET) images with a prototype MR-compatible, small animal PET imager SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE positron emission tomography; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; multi-modality imaging ID NMR-SPECTRA; HUMAN BRAIN; SCANNER; DETECTOR; DESIGN AB Multi-modality imaging (such as PET-CT) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in the diagnosis of disease and in the development of new drugs. Functional images produced with PET, fused with anatomical images created by MRI, allow the correlation of form with function. Perhaps more exciting than the combination of anatomical MRI with PET, is the melding of PET with MR spectroscopy (MRS). Thus, two aspects of physiology could be combined in novel ways to produce new insights into the physiology of normal and pathological processes. Our team is developing a system to acquire MRI images and MRS spectra, and PET images contemporaneously. The prototype MR-compatible PET system consists of two opposed detector heads (appropriate in size for small animal imaging), operating in coincidence mode with an active field-of-view of similar to 14 cm in diameter. Each detector consists of an array of LSO detector elements coupled through a 2-m long fiber optic light guide to a single position-sensitive photomultiplier tube. The use of light guides allows these magnetic field-sensitive elements of the PET imager to be positioned outside the strong magnetic field of our 3T MRI scanner. The PET scanner imager was integrated with a 12-cm diameter, 12-leg custom, birdcage coil. Simultaneous MRS spectra and PET images were successfully acquired from a multi-modality phantom consisting of a sphere filled with 17 brain relevant substances and a positron-emitting radionuclide. There were no significant changes in MRI or PET scanner performance when both were present in the MRI magnet bore. This successful initial test demonstrates the potential for using such a multi-modality to obtain complementary MRS and PET data. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Radiol, Ctr Adv Imaging, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector & Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA USA. RP Raylman, RR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Radiol, Ctr Adv Imaging, HSCS Box 9236, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM rraylman@wvu.edu RI Velan, S. Sendhil/B-6374-2017 OI Velan, S. Sendhil/0000-0002-4096-0722 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA094196, R01 CA094196-04] NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.03.012 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 182FM UT WOS:000247490500016 PM 17433742 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Kaminski, MD Ebner, AD Ritter, JA Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, Haitao Kaminski, Michael D. Ebner, Armin D. Ritter, James A. Rosengart, Axel J. TI Theoretical analysis of a simple yet efficient portable magnetic separator design for separation of magnetic nano/micro-carriers from human blood flow SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high-gradient magnetic separation; magnetic carrier; nanotechnology; detoxification ID PARTICLE CAPTURE; MODEL AB A technology that could physically remove substances from the blood such as biological, chemical, or radiological toxins could dramatically improve treatment of disease. One method in development proposes to use magnetic-polymer spheres to selectively bind toxins and remove them by magnetic filtration. Although magnetic filtration is a developed technology, the clinical boundary conditions described here require a new filter design. We investigated the removal of toxin-bound magnetic carriers from the blood stream using 2-D FEMLAB simulations. The magnetic separator consisted of a permanent magnet with parallel ferromagnetic prisms on the faces and in contact with a straight tube carrying the magnetic-polymer spheres in suspension. We varied the following parameters: blood flow velocity, the size, and number of ferromagnetic prisms, and the ferromagnetic material in both prisms and magnets. The capture efficiency reached maximum values when the depth of the prisms equaled the diameter of the tubing and the saturation magnetization of the prism material equaled twice that of the magnet. With this design a piece of 2 mm (diameter) tube carrying the fluid resulted in 95 % capture of 2.0 mu m magnetic-polymer spheres at 10 cm/s flow velocity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Nanoscale Engn Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Nanoscale Engn Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Kaminski@cmt.anl.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 313 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.12.015 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 163AE UT WOS:000246130000022 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Yeary, LW Rondinone, AJ Rawn, CJ Kirkham, MJ Roh, Y Love, LJ Phelps, TJ AF Moon, Ji-Won Yeary, Lucas W. Rondinone, Adam J. Rawn, Claudia J. Kirkham, Melanie J. Roh, Yul Love, Lonnie J. Phelps, Tommy J. TI Magnetic response of microbially synthesized transition metal- and lanthanide-substituted nano-sized magnetites SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microbial synthesis; magnetite; transition metal; lanthanide; magnetism ID MICROFLUIDIC APPLICATIONS; DEEP SUBSURFACE; FERRIC-OXIDE; REDUCTION; PARTICLES; BACTERIUM; BIOMINERALIZATION; COPRECIPITATION; NANOPARTICLES; FERROFLUID AB The magnetic susceptibility (kappa(RT)) and saturation magnetization (M-S) of microbially synthesized magnetites were systematically examined. Transition metal (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Zn)- and lanthanide (Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho and Er)-substituted magnetites were microbially synthesized by the incubation of transition metal (TM)- and lanthanide (L)-mixed magnetite precursors with either thermophilic (TOR-39) or psychrotolerant (PV-4) metal-reducing bacteria (MRB). Zinc incorporated congruently into both the precursor and substituted magnetite, while Ni and Er predominantly did not. Microbially synthesized Mn- and Zn-substituted magnetites had higher kappa(RT) than pure biomagnetite depending on bacterial species and they exhibited a maximum kappa(RT) at 0.2 cationic mole fraction (CMF). Other TMs' substitution linearly decreased the kappa(RT) with increasing substitution amount. Based on the M-S values of TM- and L-substituted magnetite at 0.1 and 0.02 CMF, respectively, Zn (90.7 emu/g for TOR-39 and 93.2 emu/g for PV-4)- and Mn (88.3 emu/g by PV-4)-substituted magnetite exhibited higher M-S than standard chemical magnetite (84.7 emu/g) or pure biomagnetite without metal substitution (76.6 emu/g for TOR-39 and 80.3 emu/g for PV-4). Lanthanides tended to decrease M-S, with Gd- and Ho-substituted magnetites having the highest magnetization. The higher magnetization of microbially synthesized TM-substituted magnetites by the psychrotroph, PV-4 may be explained by the magnetite formation taking place at low temperatures slowing mechanics, which may alter the magnetic properties compared to the thermophile, through suppression of the random distribution of substituted cations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Kirkham, Melanie/B-6147-2011; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Love, Lonnie/P-3010-2015 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Kirkham, Melanie/0000-0001-8411-9751; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Love, Lonnie/0000-0002-5934-7135 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 313 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.01.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 165SJ UT WOS:000246325500006 ER PT J AU Alexander, DJ AF Alexander, David J. TI New methods for severe plastic deformation processing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Materials Science and Technology CY 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc, Assoc Iron & Steel Technol, ASM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE annulus; cylinder; equal channel angular extrusion; repetitive deformation cycle; reversed shear spinning; rotating tooling; severe plastic deformation; transverse rolling ID BONDING ARB PROCESS; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; STRAINING PROCESS; COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM; EXTRUSION; TORSION; COPPER; ALLOY; SHEAR AB Several new concepts for possible methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of bulk quantities of materials are presented. The first of these are variations of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) in which the conventional fixed die is replaced by rotating tools, for the inner die corner, the outer die corner, or both corners. Other methods share some characteristics of ECAE in that they use shearing strains to deform the material; these are reversed shear spinning and transverse rolling. Deformation sequences for a cylindrical or annular workpiece that deform the workpiece while eventually restoring the initial workpiece geometry can be performed by numerous processes. These techniques can be used to accumulate high strains by repeated deformation cycles. These methods offer possible alternatives to ECAE and high-pressure torsion, with potential benefits that include different and larger workpiece geometries, simplified tooling design, lower tooling loads, ease of lubrication, automated or reduced part handling, and, in some cases, potentially continuous operation. It is hoped that these suggestions will prompt new examination of alternative methods for SPD. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST-6 G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djalexander@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 360 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9054-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 175ZG UT WOS:000247051900015 ER PT J AU Zurbuchen, MA Tian, W Pan, XQ Fong, D Streiffer, SK Hawley, ME Lettieri, J Jia, Y Asayama, G Fulk, SJ Comstock, DJ Knapp, S Carim, AH Schlom, DG AF Zurbuchen, M. A. Tian, W. Pan, X. Q. Fong, D. Streiffer, S. K. Hawley, M. E. Lettieri, J. Jia, Y. Asayama, G. Fulk, S. J. Comstock, D. J. Knapp, S. Carim, A. H. Schlom, D. G. TI Morphology, structure, and nucleation of out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs) in epitaxial films of layered oxides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SRBI2TA2O9 THIN-FILMS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SRTIO3 SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LONG-RANGE ORDER; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BISMUTH TITANATE; DEFECT STRUCTURE; SR2RUO4 FILMS AB Out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs) are translation boundary defects characterized by a misregistry of a fraction of a unit cell dimension in neighboring regions of a crystal. Although rarely observed in the bulk, they are common in epitaxial films of complex crystals due to the physical constraint of the underlying substrate and a low degree of structural rearrangement during growth. OPBs can strongly affect properties, but no extensive studies of them are available. The morphology, structure, and nucleation mechanisms of OPBs in epitaxial films of layered complex oxides are presented with a review of published studies and new work. Morphological trends in two families of layered oxide phases are described. The atomic structure at OPBs is presented. OPBs may be introduced into a film during growth via the primary mechanisms that occur at film nucleation (steric, nucleation layer, a-b misfit, and inclined-c misfit) or after growth via the secondary nucleation mechanism (crystallographic shear in response to loss of a volatile component). Mechanism descriptions are accompanied by experimental examples. Alternative methods to the direct imaging of OPBs are also presented. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. RP Zurbuchen, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark_z@mac.com RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 140 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1471 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0198 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 175ZX UT WOS:000247053600003 ER PT J AU Shang, HM Bliss, M Heald, S Sham, TK Heigl, F Cao, GZ AF Shang, H. M. Bliss, M. Heald, S. Sham, T. K. Heigl, F. Cao, G. Z. TI Dense and optical transparent CdWO4 films by sol-gel processing for scintillation applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM TUNGSTATE FILMS; WO3 THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; OXIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB In this paper, we report the first successful fabrication of dense and optically transparent cadmium tungstate (CWO) films by sol-gel processing and the study of their optical and x-ray scintillation properties. A new sol-gel processing method was developed using tungstic acid and cadmium nitrate as precursors and hydrogen peroxide as solvent; homogeneous and stable CWO sols were aged at room temperature and used for the preparation of CWO films. A rapid sintering process was investigated and found to be necessary to make dense and optically transparent nanocrystalline CWO films. CWO films were uniform, fully dense, and crack-free, with CWO as the only detectable crystalline phase, as determined by x-ray diffraction. The thickness, density, grain size, and crystallinity of CWO films are all found to be strongly dependent on the sintering conditions and in turn impact the optical and x-ray scintillation properties. Sol-gel-derived dense CWO films demonstrated intense photoluminescence and x-ray excited optical luminescence intensity. The relationships between sol-gel processing, nanostructures, and optical and x-ray scintillation properties are discussed in detail. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Cao, GZ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM gzcao@u.washington.edu RI Cao, Guozhong/E-4799-2011; Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1536 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0215 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 175ZX UT WOS:000247053600011 ER PT J AU Musgraves, JD Potter, BG Sewell, RM Boyle, TJ AF Musgraves, J. D. Potter, B. G., Jr. Sewell, Robin M. Boyle, Timothy J. TI Preferential photostructural modification of heteroleptic titanium alkoxides for molecular assembly SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GEL FILMS; COMPLEXES; CLUSTERS; FAMILY AB The response of a mononuclear, heteroleptic titanium alkoxide [(OPy)(2)Ti(4MP)(2), where OPy = pyridinecarbinol; NC5H4(CH2O) and 4MP = 4-mercaptophenol; OC6H4(SH)] to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in dilute solution and in solid-state samples has been measured. Vibrational spectroscopy [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman scattering] was used to monitor changes in molecular structure upon exposure to 337.1- and 365-nm light. Assignment of spectral features to vibrational modes of the molecule was aided by a normal-mode analysis of the energy-minimized molecular structure within a density-functional theory framework. Photoinduced decreases in peak areas were observed in both FTIR spectra of the precursor solutions and Raman data collected from solution-cast films of the precursor material. These changes were associated with vibrational modes localized at the 4MP ligands. Conversely, no significant modification of vibrational structure associated with the OPy moiety was observed under the excitation conditions examined. In a related study, thin films of the precursor were cast, sampled, and irradiated with UV light in scintillation vials under hydrated air (40% relative humidity) and dry Ar to evaluate the influence of local atmospheric composition on the photoresponse. An increase in the magnitude of photoinduced vibrational changes was observed in the moist-air environment, again associated primarily with the 4MP ligand. The results support an interpretation of these structural changes in terms of a preferential enhancement of hydrolysis at the 4MP site under these conditions. These findings are discussed in the context of an optically driven molecular assembly strategy based on the photoinitiation of intermolecular bonding at selected sites about the metal center. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Musgraves, JD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jdm047@email.arizona.edu RI Musgraves, J David/D-9260-2011 OI Musgraves, J David/0000-0003-4575-5119 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1694 EP 1700 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0219 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 175ZX UT WOS:000247053600031 ER PT J AU Walter, M Somers, J Fernandez, A Specht, ED Hunn, JD Boulet, P Denecke, MA Gobel, C AF Walter, M. Somers, J. Fernandez, A. Specht, E. D. Hunn, J. D. Boulet, P. Denecke, M. A. Goebel, C. TI Structure of yttria stabilized zirconia beads produced by gel supported precipitation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TETRAGONAL PHASE; NANOCRYSTALLINE ZIRCONIA; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CUBIC ZIRCONIA; EXAFS; TRANSMUTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION AB Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is one of the inert matrix candidates selected for investigation as host matrix for minor actinide (MA) transmutation. The structural properties of (Zr-0.84, Y-0.16)O-1.92 beads prepared by a sol-gel method for MA infiltration, are characterized as calcined (850 degrees C) and sintered (1,600 degrees C) beads. The calcined YSZ beads are fine-grained and homogenous over the entire sphere and are surrounded by a uniform outer layer of approximately 30 mu m thickness. After sintering at 1,600 degrees C, the beads are compacted to 51% of their initial volume and exhibit a granular structure. The thermal expansion is nearly linear for the calcined material, but shows a parabolic behavior for the sintered (1,400 degrees C) beads. In addition, the thermal expansion of calcined material is 20-25% less than after sintering. During heating up to 1,400 degrees C, two processes can be distinguished. The first occurs between 900 and 1,000 degrees C and is related to an increase in unit cell order. The second process involves grain-growth of the less crystalline calcined material between 1,100 and 1,300 degrees C. These results have implications for preparation of YSZ and its use as an inert MA transmutation matix. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INE, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Walter, M (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, POB 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM marcus.walter@ec.europa.eu RI BOULET, Pascal/D-6494-2011; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI BOULET, Pascal/0000-0003-0684-4397; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4650 EP 4658 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0515-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 180XW UT WOS:000247402300066 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MS Federle, W Full, RJ Kenny, TW AF Bartsch, Michael S. Federle, Walter Full, Robert J. Kenny, Thomas W. TI A multiaxis force sensor for the study of insect biomechanics SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; insect; legged locomotion; micro-machining; multiaxis sensor; piezoresistive devices ID HEXAPEDAL RUNNERS; TACTILE SENSOR; ACCELEROMETER; TECHNOLOGY; DYNAMICS; LOCOMOTION; COCKROACH; SUBSTRATE; HEXAPOD; WALKING AB Insects run with far greater speed and agility for their size than even the most advanced legged robots produced to date. The single-leg ground reaction forces of running insects such as the cockroach B. discoidalis provide valuable insight into the biomechanical basis for this rapid robust locomotion. To better study the running kinematics and biomechanics of these insects, a multiaxis silicon micromachined force sensor has been fabricated. The sensor consists of a 5.3-mm square plate that is supported at its corners by thin springlike beam elements. Each flexure beam is instrumented with two piezoresistive strain gauges, allowing the determination of both normal and inplane bending force components. Typical unamplified normal and in-plane flexure force sensitivities of 55 and 12 V/N, respectively, have been demonstrated for a sensor with 18-mu m-thick flexures and a mechanical bandwidth of 1.3 kHz. Nominal normal force resolution is 2.2 nN/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz. This paper details the design, fabrication, calibration, performance, and analytical modeling of the first-generation micromachined ground reaction force sensor. Preliminary data obtained from running cockroaches show that this sensor represents a marked improvement in performance over the techniques previously available for studying small-animal biomechanics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Microsyst Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bartsch, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Concepts & Microsyst Engn Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mbarts@sandia.gov RI Federle, Walter/K-8263-2014 OI Federle, Walter/0000-0002-6375-3005 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.893677 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 178KI UT WOS:000247219200025 ER PT J AU Karton, A Ruscic, B Martin, JML AF Karton, Amir Ruscic, Branko Martin, Jan M. L. TI Benchmark atomization energy of ethane: Importance of accurate zero-point vibrational energies and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections for a 'simple' organic molecule SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE thermochemistry; W4 theory; ethane; ab initio; diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction; Active Thermochemical Tables ID CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; CONNECTED QUADRUPLE EXCITATIONS; AB-INITIO THERMOCHEMISTRY; ANHARMONIC-FORCE FIELDS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HARTREE-FOCK LIMIT; CORRELATED CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES AB A benchmark calculation of the atomization energy of the 'simple' organic molecule C2H6 (ethane) has been carried out by means of W4 theory. While the molecule is straightforward in terms of one-particle and n-particle basis set convergence, its large zero-point vibrational energy (and anharmonic correction thereto) and nontrivial diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction (DBOC) represent interesting challenges. For the W4 set of molecules and C2H6, we show that DBOCs to the total atomization energy are systematically overestimated at the SCF level, and that the correlation correction converges very rapidly with the basis set. Thus, even at the CISD/cc-pVDZ level, useful correlation corrections to the DBOC are obtained. When applying such a correction, overall agreement with experiment was only marginally improved, but a more significant improvement is seen when hydrogen-containing systems are considered in isolation. We conclude that for closed-shell organic molecules, the greatest obstacles to highly accurate computational thermochemistry may not lie in the solution of the clamped-nuclei Schrodinger equation, but rather in the zero-point vibrational energy and the diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, JML (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM comartin@weizmann.ac.il RI Karton, Amir/B-7628-2008; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008; Martin, Jan/A-7457-2008 OI Karton, Amir/0000-0002-7981-508X; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990; Martin, Jan/0000-0002-0005-5074 NR 72 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 811 IS 1-3 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.01.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175ZW UT WOS:000247053500038 ER PT J AU Cristea, P Stan, M Ramirez, JC AF Cristea, P. Stan, M. Ramirez, J. C. TI Point defects and oxygen diffusion in fluorite type oxides SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Romanian Conference on Advanced Materials CY SEP 11-14, 2006 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP E-MRS, ROMANIAN ACAD, Romanian Mat Sci Crystal Growth Soc, Natl Ctr Phys, Fac Phys, Bucharest Univ, Natl Inst Mat Phys, Univ Constanta, Inst R & D Optoelect, Bucharest & Minist Educ Res, Adv Res Inst Elect Engn DE point defects; diffusion; nuclear fuels ID TEMPERATURE X-RAY; CRYSTALS; PUO2-X AB We present thermodynamic models of point defects formation in fluorite-type oxides with important technological applications, such as hypostoichiometric ceria CeO2-x and plutonia PuO2-x. The concentrations of defect species were calculated at different temperatures and partial pressures of oxygen. To highlight some of the current capabilities of the approach, a number of example applications, including the calculation of defect configuration entropy, and the calculation of self and chemical diffusivities of oxygen as a function of nonstoichiometry and temperature are addressed. The results provided by the modeling are validated against available experimental data on non-stoichiometry and oxygen diffusivity. C1 Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cristea, P (reprint author), Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. EM pcristea@gmail.com NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 EI 1841-7132 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1750 EP 1756 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 177LF UT WOS:000247153900034 ER PT J AU Fredrich, JT Fossum, AF Hickman, RJ AF Fredrich, J. T. Fossum, A. F. Hickman, R. J. TI Mineralogy of deepwater Gulf of Mexico salt formations and implications for constitutive behavior SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE deepwater Gulf of Mexico; salt diapirs; salt creep; drill cuttings; well integrity ID DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; ROCK-SALT; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; CREEP; MODEL; FLOW AB A majority of the wells for the most significant announced developments in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico will penetrate salt formations thousands of feet thick. Assuring the integrity of these wells over the field lifetime is a major drilling engineering challenge. The effect of salt on long-term well integrity is tied to the constitutive behavior of the salt, and more specifically, to its creep rate. The constitutive behavior of salt has been well studied in two previous geotechnical engineering applications. A sophisticated constitutive model for salt that considers transient and steady state creep was developed under the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, a licensed repository for transuranic waste. Further studies of salt creep were performed for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), a series of leached storage caverns located in salt domes along the U.S. Gulf Coast. However, only a single set of laboratory creep data exists for salt from a deepwater Gulf of Mexico diapir. To constrain the constitutive response of deepwater Gulf of Mexico salt diapirs, the mineralogic composition of salt diapirs from several regions, including Ship Shoal, Ewing Bank, Mississippi Canyon, Garden Banks, Green Canyon, and Walker Ridge, was determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses of drill cuttings. Water depths for the wells ranged from 718 ft to 7590 ft, and salt sections up to nearly 11,000 ft thick were penetrated. The database provides insight into the large-scale geographic variations in salt mineralogy, as well as insight into variations along vertical (or near-vertical) transects through massive salt bodies in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. To enable comparison with on-shore domal salts with known constitutive response, mineralogic analyses were also conducted on salt cores recovered from various on-shore SPR sites. We show that that the range in composition of the salt diapirs in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico is essentially identical to the observed range in composition of the salt domes located along the U.S. Gulf Coast (to which the deepwater salt diapirs are geologically related). In light of the observed constitutive response of the sole deepwater salt diapir tested to date, we conclude that the expected constitutive response of deepwater Gulf of Mexico salt diapirs is likely to be bracketed by the observed range in constitutive response of the well-characterized Gulf Coast domal salts. We demonstrate with an example how this knowledge can be directly applied in well casing design analyses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BP Amer, Houston, TX 77253 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fredrich, JT (reprint author), BP Amer, POB 3092, Houston, TX 77253 USA. EM joanne.fredrich@bp.com; arlo.fossum@bp.com; randall.hickman@bp.com NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 354 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.11.006 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 189YP UT WOS:000248025000011 ER PT J AU Montsant, A Allen, AE Coesel, S De Martino, A Falciatore, A Mangogna, M Siaut, M Heijde, M Jabbari, K Maheswari, U Rayko, E Vardi, A Apt, KE Berges, JA Chiovitti, A Davis, AK Thamatrakoln, K Hadi, MZ Lane, TW Lippmeier, JC Martinez, D Parker, MS Pazour, GJ Saito, MA Rokhsar, DS Armbrust, EV Bowler, C AF Montsant, Anton Allen, Andrew E. Coesel, Sacha De Martino, Alessandra Falciatore, Angela Mangogna, Manuela Siaut, Magali Heijde, Marc Jabbari, Kamel Maheswari, Uma Rayko, Edda Vardi, Assaf Apt, Kirk E. Berges, John A. Chiovitti, Anthony Davis, Aubrey K. Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee Hadi, Masood Z. Lane, Todd W. Lippmeier, J. Casey Martinez, Diego Parker, Micaela S. Pazour, Gregory J. Saito, Mak A. Rokhsar, Dan S. Armbrust, E. Virginia Bowler, Chris TI Identification and comparative genomic analysis of signaling and regulatory components in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE apoptosis; cell cycle; comparative genomics; cryptochrome; cytoskeleton; diatom; flagella; genome; GTP-ase; lateral gene transfer; myosin; oxidative stress; Phaeodactylum tricornutum; phytochrome; secondary endosymbiosis; Thalassiosira pseudonana; whole-genome analysis; xanthophyll cycle ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; PLANKTONIC DIATOM; MARINE DIATOMS; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS; INTRAFLAGELLAR TRANSPORT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; RESPONSE REGULATORS AB Diatoms are unicellular brown algae that likely arose from the endocytobiosis of a red alga into a single-celled heterotroph and that constitute an algal class of major importance in phytoplankton communities around the globe. The first whole-genome sequence from a diatom species, Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal, was recently reported, and features that are central to diatom physiology and ecology, such as silicon and nitrogen metabolism, iron uptake, and carbon concentration mechanisms, were described. Following this initial study, the basic cellular systems controlling cell signaling, gene expression, cytoskeletal structures, and response to stress have been cataloged in an attempt to obtain a global view of the molecular foundations that sustain such an ecologically successful group of organisms. Comparative analysis with several microbial, plant, and metazoan complete genome sequences allowed the identification of putative membrane receptors, signaling proteins, and other components of central interest to diatom ecophysiology and evolution. Thalassiosira pseudonana likely perceives light through a novel phytochrome and several cryptochrome photoreceptors; it may lack the conserved RHO small-GTPase subfamily of cell-polarity regulators, despite undergoing polarized cell-wall synthesis; and it possesses an unusually large number of heat-shock transcription factors, which may indicate the central importance of transcriptional responses to environmental stress. The availability of the complete gene repertoire will permit a detailed biochemical and genetic analysis of how diatoms prosper in aquatic environments and will contribute to the understanding of eukaryotic evolution. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Plant Mol Biol Lab, CNRS, UMR 8186,Dept Biol, F-75230 Paris, France. Stn Zool, Lab Cell Signalling, I-80121 Naples, Italy. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Intergrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine Sci, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Lockheed Martin Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Armbrust, EV (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Plant Mol Biol Lab, CNRS, UMR 8186,Dept Biol, F-75230 Paris, France. EM armbrust@ocean.washington.edu; cbowler@biologie.ens.fr RI Berges, John /D-9520-2012; Heijde, Marc/O-8958-2014; OI Berges, John /0000-0002-3124-4783; Parker, Micaela/0000-0003-1007-4612; Lane, Todd/0000-0002-5816-2649; Pazour, Gregory/0000-0002-6285-8796 NR 114 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 13 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 585 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00342.x PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 170TB UT WOS:000246686100018 ER PT J AU Bayatian, GL Chatrchyan, S Hmayakyan, G Sirunyan, AM Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruehwirth, R Ghete, V Glaser, P Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Krammer, M Magrans, I Mikulec, I Mitaroff, W Noebauer, T Pernicka, M Porth, P Rohringer, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Fedorov, A Korzhik, M Missevitch, O Zuyeuski, R Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Solin, A Stefanovitch, R Gonzalez, JS Tikhonov, A Petrov, V D'Hondt, J De Weirdt, S Goorens, R Heyninck, J Lowette, S Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Lancker, L Bouhali, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dewulf, JP Mahmoud, T Marage, PE Neukermans, L Sundararajan, V Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Assouak, S Bonnet, JL Bruno, G Caudron, J De Callatay, B De Jeneret, JD De Visscher, S Delaere, C Demin, P Favart, D Feltrin, E Forton, E Gregoire, G Kalinin, S Kcira, D Keutgen, T Leibenguth, G Lemaitre, V Liu, Y Michotte, D Militaru, O Ninane, A Ovyn, S Pierzchala, T Piotrzkowski, K Roberfroid, V Rouby, X Teyssier, D Van der Aa, O Vander Donckt, M Daubie, E Herquet, P Mollet, A Romeyer, A Beaumont, W Cardaci, M De Langhe, E De Wolf, EA Rurua, L Souza, MHG Oguri, V Santoro, A Sznajder, A Vaz, M Gregores, EM Novaes, SF Anguelov, T Antchev, G Atanasov, I Damgov, J Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Panev, B Piperov, S Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Vankov, I Dimitrov, A Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Makariev, M Marinov, A Marinova, E Markov, S Mateev, M Pavlov, B Petkov, P Sabev, C Stoynev, S Toteva, Z Verguilov, V Chen, GM Chen, HS He, KL Jiang, CH Li, WG Liu, HM Meng, X Shen, XY Sun, HS Yang, M Zhao, WR Zhuang, HL Ban, Y Cai, J Liu, S Qian, SJ Yang, ZC Ye, YL Ying, J Wu, J Zhang, ZP Godinovic, N Puljak, I Soric, I Antunovic, Z Dzelalija, M Marasovic, K Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D Kadija, K Morovic, S Planinic, M Nicolaou, C Papadakis, A Razis, PA Tsiakkouri, D Hektor, A Kadastik, M Kannike, K Lippmaa, E Muntel, M Raidal, M Aarnio, PA Czellar, S Haeggstroem, E Heikkinen, A Harkonen, J Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, PR Michal, S Maenpaa, T Nysten, J Stettler, M Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Wendland, L Tuuva, T Guillaud, JP Nedelec, P Sillou, D Anfreville, M Beauceron, S Bougamont, E Bredy, P Chipaux, R Dejardin, M Denegri, D Descamps, J Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ganjour, S Gentit, FX Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Kircher, F Lemaire, MC Levesy, B Locci, E Lottin, JP Mandjavidze, I Mur, M Pasquetto, E Payn, A Rander, J Reymond, JM Rondeaux, F Rosowsky, A Sun, ZH Verrecchia, P Baffioni, S Beaudette, F Bercher, M Berthon, U Bimbot, S Bourotte, J Busson, P Cerutti, M Chamont, D Charlot, C Collard, C Decotigny, D Delmeire, E Dobrzynski, L Gaillac, AM Geerebaert, Y Gilly, J Haguenauer, M Karar, A Mathieu, A Milleret, G Mine, P Paganini, P Romanteau, T Semeniouk, I Sirois, Y Berst, JD Brom, JM Didierjean, F Drouhin, F Fontaine, JC Goerlach, U Graehling, P Gross, L Houchu, L Juillot, P Lounis, A Maazouzi, C Mangeol, D Olivetto, C Todorov, T Van Hove, P Vintache, D Ageron, M Agram, JL Baulieu, G Bedjidian, M Blaha, J Bonnevaux, A Boudoul, G Chabanat, E Combaret, C Contardo, D Della Negra, R Depasse, P Dupasquier, T El Mamouni, H Estre, N Fay, J Gascon, S Giraud, N Girerd, C Haroutunian, R Ianigro, JC Ille, B Lethuillier, M Lumb, N Mathez, H Maurelli, G Mirabito, L Perries, S Ravat, O Kvatadze, R Roinishvili, V Adolphi, R Brauer, R Braunschweig, W Esser, H Feld, L Heister, A Karpinski, W Klein, K Kukulies, C Olzem, J Ostapchuk, A Pandoulas, D Pierschel, G Raupach, F Schael, S Schwering, G Thomas, M Weber, M Wittmer, B Wlochal, M Adolf, A Biallass, P Bontenackels, M Erdmann, M Fesefeldt, H Hebbeker, T Hermann, S Hilgers, G Hoepfner, K 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Theofilatos, K Vermisoglou, G Zachariadou, A Aslanoglou, X Evangelou, I Kokkas, P Manthos, N Papadopoulos, I Sidiropoulos, G Triantis, FA Bencze, G Boldizsar, L Hajdu, C Horvath, D Laszlo, A Odor, G Sikler, F Toth, N Vesztergombi, G Zalan, P Molnar, J Beni, N Kapusi, A Marian, G Raics, P Szabo, Z Szillasi, Z Zilizi, G Bawa, HS Beri, SB Bhandari, V Bhatnagar, V Kaur, M Kaur, R Kohli, JM Kumar, A Singh, JB Bhardwaj, A Bhattacharya, S Chatterji, S Chauhan, S Choudhary, BC Gupta, P Jha, M Ranjan, K Shivpuri, RK Srivastava, AK Borkar, S Dixit, M Ghodgaonkar, M Kataria, SK Lalwani, SK Mishra, V Mohanty, AK Topkar, A Aziz, T Banerjee, S Bose, S Cheere, N Chendvankar, S Deshpande, PV Guchait, M Gurtu, A Maity, M Majumder, G Mazumdar, K Nayak, A Patil, MR Sharma, S Sudhakar, K Tonwar, SC Acharya, BS Banerjee, S Bheesette, S Dugad, S Kalmani, SD Lakkireddi, VR Mondal, NK Panyam, N Verma, P Arabgol, M Arfaei, H Hashemi, M Mohammadi, M Najafabadi, MM Moshaii, A Mehdiabadi, SP Grunewald, M 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Neumeister, N. Rott, C. Roy, A. Sedov, A. Shipsey, I. Parashar, N. Eppley, G. Lee, S. J. Liu, J. Matveev, M. Nussbaum, T. Padley, B. P. Roberts, J. Tumanov, A. Yepes, P. Bodek, A. Budd, H. Chung, Y. S. De Barbaro, P. Demina, R. Eusebi, R. Ginther, G. Gotra, Y. Hocker, A. Husemann, U. Korjenevski, S. Sakumoto, W. Slattery, P. Tipton, P. Zielinski, M. Bartz, E. Doroshenko, J. Halkiadakis, E. Jacques, P. F. Kalelkar, M. S. Khits, D. Lath, A. Macpherson, A. Perera, L. Plano, R. Rose, K. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomson, G. Watts, T. L. Akchurin, N. Carrell, K. W. Gumus, K. Jeong, C. Kim, H. Papadimitriou, V. Sill, A. Spezziga, M. Washington, E. Wigmans, R. Zhang, L. Bapty, T. Engh, D. Johns, W. Keskinpala, T. Lopez, E. Luiggi Neema, S. Nordstrom, S. Pathak, S. Sheldon, P. Vaandering, E. W. Webster, M. Arenton, M. W. Conetti, S. Cox, B. Hirosky, R. Imlay, R. Ledovskoy, A. Phillips, D., II Powell, H. Ronquest, M. Smith, D. Baek, Y. W. Bellinger, J. N. Bradley, D. Carlsmith, D. Crotty, I. Dasu, S. Feyzi, F. Gorski, T. Grothe, M. Hogg, W. Jaworski, M. Klabbers, P. Lanaro, A. Loveless, R. de Abril, M. Magrans Reeder, D. Smith, W. H. Wenman, D. Atoyan, G. S. Dhawan, S. Issakov, V. Neal, H. Poblaguev, A. Zeller, M. E. Yuldashev, B. S. CA CMS Collaboration TI CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING-ORDER; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; B-C MESON; SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER; SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY AB CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start- up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb(-1) or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, B-s production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb(-1) to 30 fb(-1). The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z(0) boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E-T, B-mesons and tau's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. 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CALZOLARI, FEDERICO/0000-0002-5510-3061; Almeida, Carlos/0000-0002-7450-1575; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Ghezzi, Alessio/0000-0002-8184-7953; Demaria, Natale/0000-0003-0743-9465; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; COMUNALE, Giuliana/0000-0003-2764-735X; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Baarmand, Marc/0000-0002-9792-8619; Nervo, Marco/0000-0002-9898-7346; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; Ramos, Sergio/0000-0001-8946-2268; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Petkov, Peicho/0000-0002-0420-9480; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Vieira de Castro Ferreira da Silva, Pedro Manuel/0000-0002-5725-041X; Nebrensky, Jindrich/0000-0002-8412-4259; Maroney, Owen/0000-0003-0570-0156; Passeri, Daniele/0000-0001-5322-2414; Axer, Markus/0000-0001-5871-9331; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Barcala, JOSE MIGUEL/0000-0002-1092-7091; Bedoya, Cristina/0000-0001-8057-9152; Marco, Jesus/0000-0001-7914-8494; Michelotto, Michele/0000-0001-6644-987X; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680; Fernandez Garcia, Marcos/0000-0002-4824-1087; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Navarrete Marin, Jose Javier/0000-0002-6220-8638; Marin, Jesus/0000-0002-9049-3667; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Codispoti, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0217-7021; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Oller, Juan Carlos/0000-0002-2754-2788; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Gumus, Kazim/0000-0002-1450-6868; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Amapane, Nicola/0000-0001-9449-2509; Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/0000-0001-9226-5812; Odor, Geza/0000-0001-9259-5352; Britton, David/0000-0001-9998-4342; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Focardi, Ettore/0000-0002-3763-5267; Santos, Marcelino/0000-0002-2091-1165; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506 NR 819 TC 514 Z9 515 U1 36 U2 321 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1579 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/6/S01 PG 585 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 164QR UT WOS:000246249400002 ER PT J AU Yang, HC Shin, TJ Bao, ZN Ryu, CY AF Yang, Hoichang Shin, Tae Joo Bao, Zhenan Ryu, Chang Y. TI Structural transitions of nanocrystalline domains in regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) thin films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field-effect transistor; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD); molecular weight; nanofibril; polythiophene; regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (RR P3HT); thin film transistor ID FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; POLYTHIOPHENE; CHAIN; SCATTERING; CRYSTALS AB The effects of solution processing and thermal annealing on thin film morphology and crystalline structures of regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (RR P3HT) are studied in terms of molecular weight (M-w). Using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, pi-conjugated planes in drop-cast films from chloroform solutions are found to be preferentially oriented parallel to the substrates regardless of M-w However, the mesoscale nanocrystalline morphology of the drop-cast films is significantly affected by M-w exhibiting a distinctive morphological transition from short nanorods to long nanofibrils above a critical number-averaged Mw (similar to 3.6 kDa). This is probably due to the change in a conformation change from an extended-chain to a folded-chain, as Mw of RR P3HT increases. In contrast, spincasting of high Mw RR P3HT produces less ordered films with a lower crystallinity and mixed parallel/perpendicular orientations of pi-conjugated planes. The crystallinity and parallel pi-conjugated orientation of RR P3HT in spin-cast films could be improved by thermal treatments at high-temperatures either (1) above the glass transition temperature or (2) above the melting temperature of RR 3PHT followed by recrystallization upon cooling under vacuum. However, the charge mobility of the spin-cast films for a field-effect transistor application is still lower than that of the drop-cast films. This would be attributed to the chain oxidation and the development of distinct grain boundaries between RR P3HT nanofibrils during the thermal treatments. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Renesselar Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Yang, HC (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Renesselar Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM yangh3@rpi.edu; ryuc@rpi.edu RI Ryu, Chang/H-1144-2012 NR 54 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1312 DI 10.1002/polb.21191 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 167NS UT WOS:000246459000007 ER PT J AU Gong, MY Liu, XB Trembly, J Johnson, C AF Gong, Mingyang Liu, Xingbo Trembly, Jason Johnson, Christopher TI Sulfur-tolerant anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell application SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE SOFC; anode; sulfur degradation; sulfur tolerance ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PEROVSKITE ANODE; DIRECT OXIDATION; H2S-AIR SOFCS; CERMET ANODE; H2S; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROLYTE AB This paper summarizes the degradation mechanisms for SOFC anodes in the presence of sulfur and recent developments in sulfur-tolerant anodes. There are two primary sulfur-degradation mechanisms for the anode materials: physical absorption of sulfur that blocks the hydrogen reaction sites, and chemical reaction that forms nickel sulfide. The sulfur-tolerant anodes are categorized into three kinds of materials: thiospinels and metal sulfides, metal cermets, and mixed ionic and electronic conductors. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the combined application of available materials to serve as different functional components in anodes through proper design may be effective to achieve a balance between stability and performance. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.edu RI Gong, Mingyang/E-5939-2012 NR 66 TC 189 Z9 195 U1 11 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.026 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200001 ER PT J AU Alman, DE Johnson, CD Collins, WK Jablonski, PD AF Alman, D. E. Johnson, C. D. Collins, W. K. Jablonski, P. D. TI The effect of cerium surface treated ferritic stainless steel current collectors on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cells; interconnects ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHROMIUM DEPOSITION; INTERCONNECTS; CATHODE; ALLOYS; CR AB Laboratory scale solid oxide fuel cells ("button" cells) were operated with untreated or cerium surface treated Fe-22Cr-0.5Mn (composition by weight percent, wt%) ferritic stainless steel current collectors attached to the cathode. After a brief stabilization (or "burn-in") period, the power density of a cell with the untreated current collector rapidly decreased. By contrast, there was little degradation in power density during testing of cells with the cerium surface treated current collectors. The difference in degradation was attributed to differences in Cr build-up within the cathode. It should be emphasized that the duration of the tests were quite short and longer duration testing is required, however, this initial assessment indicates the treatment may benefit the performance of SOFC with steel interconnects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM david.alman@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.035 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200008 ER PT J AU Hong, ST Weil, KS AF Hong, Sung-Tae Weil, K. Scott TI Niobium-clad 304L stainless steel PEMFC bipolar plate material Tensile and bend properties SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE clad sheet; bipolar plate; proton exchange membrane fuel cell; bend test ID POLYMER FUEL-CELLS; CORROSION; ALLOY AB Niobium (Nb)-clad 304L stainless steel (SS) is currently under consideration for use as a bipolar plate material in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks. Because metal bipolar plates will likely be formed by stamping, the sheet-metal properties of this material were characterized in both the as-rolled and an optimized annealed condition via a series of bend and quasi-static tensile tests. Results from tensile testing demonstrate that annealing significantly softens and thereby improves the ductility of the material. Bend test results indicate that springback is nearly independent of the bend direction relative to rolling direction for both the as-rolled and annealed conditions. In the as-rolled condition, springback is also nearly independent of specimen orientation (i.e. whether the cladding layer is on the inside or outside of the bend). However, in the annealed condition, springback does depend on the cladding orientation relative to bending and was found in all cases to be substantially lower than that observed in the as-rolled condition. Microstructural analysis of the specimens indicates that two failure conditions can potentially arise, dependent on the thermomechanical condition of the material. In the as-rolled condition, failure initiates via fracture through the Nb cladding. In the annealed specimens, failure can occur by brittle fracture of an interfacial intermetallic layer that forms during the annealing treatment. This generates a series of crack-induced pores along the interface between the Nb cladding and the SS core, which eventually leads to ductile failure of the Nb cladding via localized necking. However, the conditions required for this phenomenon to take place are fairly extreme and can be readily avoided in practice. In general, the results suggest that to achieve acceptable stamping tolerances, the material should be annealed prior to forming and the bipolar plate flow channel pattern should be designed such that extreme levels of strain at the cladding/core interface are avoided to mitigate the potential for partial delamination within the material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Choi, Seungtae/C-6821-2011; Hong, Sung Tae/K-2720-2015 OI Choi, Seungtae/0000-0002-4119-9787; Hong, Sung Tae/0000-0003-2263-7099 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.032 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200014 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Gow, RN AF Chou, Yeong-Shyung Stevenson, Jeffry W. Gow, Robert N. TI Novel alkaline earth silicate sealing glass for SOFC Part I. The effect of nickel oxide on the thermal and mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE glass seal; SOFC; leak rate; NiO; CTE ID FUEL-CELLS; CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SEALANTS; SYSTEM; STACK AB This is a two-part study of a novel Sr-Ca-Ni-Y-B silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this paper (Part I), the effect of NiO on glass forming, thermal, and mechanical properties was studied with two different approaches: glass making and composite glass. In the following paper (Part II), sealing and interfacial microstructure of candidate composite glass with 10 vol.% NiO will be addressed. In Part I, higher NiO content in the glass resulted in precipitation during the glass making process, and the sintered powder compacts of these glasses showed extensive macro- and micro-cracks. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) showed large decrease for glass with higher NiO contents. On the other hand, glass-based composites showed no fracture even with NiO content as high as 15 vol.%. The CTE of the composite glass, which increased with increasing NiO content (consistent with the rule of mixtures prediction), could be adjusted to match the CTE of SOFC components. Phase characterization by XRD identified phases of YBO3 and NiO in the glass, which were likely responsible for the poor mechanical and thermal properties for the glass making approach. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Montana Tech Univ, Off Sci, Community Coll Inst, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.039 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200016 ER PT J AU Shekhawat, D Berry, DA Gardner, TH Haynes, DJ Spivey, JJ AF Shekhawat, Dushyant Berry, David A. Gardner, Todd H. Haynes, Daniel J. Spivey, James J. TI Effects of fuel cell anode recycle on catalytic fuel reforming SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; anode recycle; reformer recycle; carbon formation; auxiliary power unit; diesel reforming AB The presence of steam in the reactant gas of a catalytic fuel reformer decreases the formation of carbon, minimizing catalyst deactivation. However, the operation of the reformer without supplemental water reduces the size, weight, cost, and overall complexity of the system. The work presented here examines experimentally two options for adding steam to the reformer inlet: (I) recycle of a simulated fuel cell anode exit gas (comprised of mainly CO2, H2O, and N-2 and some H-2 and CO) and (II) recycle of the reformate from the reformer exit back to the reformer inlet (mainly comprised of H-2, CO, and N-2, and some H2O and CO2). As expected, anode gas recycle reduced the carbon formation and increased the hydrogen concentration in the reformate. However, reformer recycle was not as effective due principally to the lower water content in the reformate compared to the anode gas. In fact, reformate recycle showed slightly increased carbon formation compared to no recycle. In an attempt to understand the effects of individual gases in these recycle streams (H-2, CO, CO2, N-2, and H2O), individual gas species were independently introduced to the reformer feed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Shekhawat, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov; david.berry@netl.doe.gov; todd.gardner@netl.doe.gov; dhayne5@lsu.edu; jjspivey@lsu.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200022 ER PT J AU Smart, MC Whitacre, JF Ratnakumar, BV Amine, K AF Smart, M. C. Whitacre, J. F. Ratnakumar, B. V. Amine, K. TI Electrochemical performance and kinetics of Li1+x(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)O-2 cathodes and graphite anodes in low-temperature electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium-ion cells; low-temperature electrolytes; performance; kinetics ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; LI(NI1/3CO1/3MN1/3)O-2; CELLS AB Lithium-ion batteries have started replacing the conventional aqueous nickel-based battery systems in space applications, such as planetary landers, rovers, orbiters and satellites. The reasons for such widespread use of these batteries are the savings in mass and volume of the power subsystems, resulting from their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, and their ability to operate at extreme temperatures. In our pursuit to further enhance the specific energy as well as low-temperature performance of Li-ion batteries, we have been investigating various layered lithiated metal oxides, e. g., LiCoO2, LiNi0.8Co0.2 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, as well as different low-temperature electrolytes, including ternary and quaternary carbonate mixtures with various co-solvents. In this paper, we report our recent studies on Li1+x(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)O-2 cathodes, combined with three different low-temperature electrolytes, i.e.: (1) 1.0 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (20:80), (2) 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (20:80) and (3) 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (30:70). Electrical performance characteristics were determined in laboratory glass cells at different discharge rates and different temperatures. Further, individual electrode kinetics of both Li1+x(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)O-2 cathodes and MCMB graphite anodes were determined at different temperatures, using do micropolarization, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of these data has led to interesting trends relative to the effects of solvent composition and salt concentration, on the electrical performance and on the kinetics of cathode and anode. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ratnakumar, BV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 277-207,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ratnakumar.v.bugga@jpl.nasa.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 10 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.106 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 176AN UT WOS:000247055200025 ER PT J AU Gruszkiewicz, MS Palmer, DA Springer, RD Wang, PM Anderko, A AF Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw S. Palmer, Donald A. Springer, Ronald D. Wang, Peiming Anderko, Andrzej TI Phase Behavior of aqueous Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-NO3 mixtures: Isopiestic measurements and thermodynamic modeling SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE osmotic coefficient; activity coefficient; isopiestic measurements; thermodynamic model; deliquescence; fused salt; mixed brines ID 25 DEGREES C; PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; SOLVENT ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS; VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; RECIPROCAL SALT SYSTEMS; CHLORIDE-MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; ALKALINE-EARTH CHLORIDES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; SODIUM-NITRATE AB A comprehensive model has been established for calculating thermodynamic properties of multicomponent aqueous systems containing the Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and NO3- ions. The thermodynamic framework is based on a previously developed model for mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions. The framework has been designed to reproduce the properties of salt solutions at temperatures ranging from the freezing point to 300 degrees C and concentrations ranging from infinite dilution to the fused salt limit. The model has been parameterized using a combination of an extensive literature database and new isopiestic measurements for thirteen salt mixtures at 140 OC. The measurements have been performed using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) previously designed gravimetric isopiestic apparatus, which can also detect solid phase precipitation. In addition to various Na-K-MgCa-Cl-NO3 systems, results are reported for LiCI solutions. Water activities are reported for mixtures with a fixed ratio of salts as a function of the total apparent salt mole fraction. The isopiestic measurements reported here simultaneously reflect two fundamental properties of the system, i.e., the activity of water as a function of solution concentration and the occurrence of solid-liquid transitions. The thermodynamic model accurately reproduces the new isopiestic data as well as literature data for binary, ternary and higher-order subsystems. Because of its high accuracy in calculating vapor-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria, the model is suitable for studying deliquescence behavior of multicomponent salt systems. C1 OLI Syst Inc, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Anderko, A (reprint author), OLI Syst Inc, 108 Amer Rd, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. EM aanderko@olisystems.com RI Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw/L-2389-2016 OI Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw/0000-0002-6551-6724 NR 306 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 723 EP 765 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9145-2 PG 43 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175SA UT WOS:000247033100004 ER PT J AU Sinkov, SI Choppin, GR Taylor, RJ AF Sinkov, Sergei I. Choppin, Gregory R. Taylor, Robin J. TI Spectrophotometry and luminescence spectroscopy of acetohydroxamate complexes of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lanthanides; actinides; acetohydroxamic acid; complexation; optical absorbance spectroscopy; time resolved luminescence spectroscopy; hydration ID NEUTRAL PH RANGE; NUCLEAR-FUEL; HUMIC-ACID; CM(III); NUMBER; THERMODYNAMICS; SEPARATION; CARBONATE AB The complexation chemistries of acetohydroxamic acid (HA) with the trivalent Eu, Th and Cm ions have been probed by combinations of Optical Absorbance Spectroscopy (OAS), Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLIFS) and emission spectroscopy, with some rather unexpected trends being observed. The formation of four complexed species was established for all three metal cations by OAS. The magnitudes of the formation constants of the respective M(A)(3-n)(n) complexes suggested a much stronger binding efficiency of HA for the first two complexation steps than the third and fourth steps. Tb(III) and Eu(III) TRLIFS data both suggested a final octadentate tetrakis-hydroxamato complex in which the metal ion is close to being fully dehydrated. Step-wise dehydration of Tb(lll) by successive ligands did not appear to proceed as expected for a bidentate ligand. Of the EuA(n) complexes, only the tetrakis species was found to luminesce, with HA causing an unusually strong quenching effect for all other Eu species. Cm(III) complexation appeared similar to the lanthanide analogs. C1 Nexia Solut, British Technol Ctr, Seascale CA20 1PG, England. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Taylor, RJ (reprint author), Nexia Solut, British Technol Ctr, Seascale CA20 1PG, England. EM robin.j.taylor@nexiasolutions.com NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 815 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9149-y PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175SA UT WOS:000247033100009 ER PT J AU Walker, D Xie, HF Yan, KK Maslov, S AF Walker, Dylan Xie, Huafeng Yan, Koon-Kiu Maslov, Sergei TI Ranking scientific publications using a model of network traffic SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE network dynamics; new applications of statistical mechanics; communication; supply and information networks AB To account for strong ageing characteristics of citation networks, we modify the PageRank algorithm by initially distributing random surfers exponentially with age, in favour of more recent publications. The output of this algorithm, which we call CiteRank, is interpreted as approximate traffic to individual publications in a simple model of how researchers find new information. We optimize parameters of our algorithm to achieve the best performance. The results are compared for two rather different citation networks: all American Physical Society publications between 1893 and 2003 and the set of high-energy physics theory (hep-th) preprints. Despite major differences between these two networks, we find that their optimal parameters for the CiteRank algorithm are remarkably similar. The advantages and performance of CiteRank over more conventional methods of ranking publications are discussed. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New Media Lab, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Walker, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dwalker@grad.physics.sunysb.edu; hxie@bnl.gov; kyan@bnl.gov; maslov@bnl.gov RI Yan, Koon-Kiu/A-5940-2009; Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PY 2007 AR P06010 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2007/06/P06010 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 189BQ UT WOS:000247963900011 ER PT J AU Das, D Xu, QS Lee, JY Ankoudinova, I Huang, C Lou, Y DeGiovanni, A Kim, R Kim, SH AF Das, Debanu Xu, Qian Steven Lee, Jonas Y. Ankoudinova, Irina Huang, Candice Lou, Yun DeGiovanni, Andy Kim, Rosalind Kim, Sung-Hou TI Crystal structure of the multidrug efflux transporter AcrB at 3.1 angstrom resolution reveals the N-terminal region with conserved amino acids SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multidrug efflux transporter; AcrB; membrane protein; crystal structure; N-terminal loop with conserved amino acids ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; PUMP; FLEXIBILITY; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM; COMPONENT; SOFTWARE; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB Crystal structures of the bacterial multidrug transporter AcrB in R32 and C2 space groups showing both symmetric and asymmetric trimeric assemblies, respectively, supplemented with biochemical investigations, have provided most of the structural basis for a molecular level understanding of the protein structure and mechanisms for substrate uptake and translocation carried out by this 114-kDa inner membrane protein. They suggest that AcrB captures ligands primarily from the periplasm. Substrates can also enter the inner cavity of the transporter from the cytoplasm, but the exact mechanism of this remains undefined. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of AcrB and its homologs revealed the presence of conserved residues at the N-terminus including two phenylalanines which may be exposed to the cytoplasm. Any potential role that these conserved residues may play in function has not been addressed by existing biochemical or structural studies. Since phenylalanine residues elsewhere in the protein have been implicated in ligand binding, we explored the structure of this N-terminal region to investigate structural determinants near the cytoplasmic opening that may mediate drug uptake. Our structure of AcrB in R32 space group reveals an N-terminus loop, reducing the diameter of the central opening to similar to 15 angstrom as opposed to the previously reported value of similar to 30 angstrom for crystal structures in this space group with disordered N-terminus. Recent structures of the AcrB in C2 space group have revealed a helical conformation of this N-terminus but have not discussed its possible implications. We present the crystal structure of AcrB that reveals the structure of the N-terminus containing the conserved residues. We hope that the structural information provides a structural basis for others to design further biochemical investigation of the role of this portion of AcrB in mediating cytoplasmic ligand discrimination and uptake. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Biorad Labs, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Das, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ddas@lbl.gov; shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412, P50 GM062412, P50 GM062412-05S20003] NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 158 IS 3 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.12.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 174FQ UT WOS:000246927800023 PM 17275331 ER PT J AU Rector, DR Greenwood, MS Ahmed, S Doctor, SR Posakony, GJ Stenkamp, VS AF Rector, David R. Greenwood, Margaret S. Ahmed, Salahuddin Doctor, Steven R. Posakony, Gerry J. Stenkamp, V. Susan TI Simulation of ultrasonic-driven gas separations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; MIXTURE SEPARATION; BGK SIMULATION; SOUND-WAVES; FIELD AB The separation of components in a gas mixture is important for a wide range of applications. One method for achieving this separation is by parsing a traveling acoustic wave through the gas mixture, which creates a flux of the lighter components away from the transducer. A series of simulations was performed to assess the effectiveness of this method for separating a binary mixture of argon and helium using the lattice kinetics method. The energy transport equation was modified to account for adiabatic expansion and compression. The species transport equation was modified to include a barodiffusion term. Simulations were performed on two different scales; detailed acoustic wave simulations to determine the net component flux as a function of local concentration, pressure, etc. and device scale simulations to predict the gas composition as a function of time inside a gas separation cylinder. The method is first validated using data from literature and then applied to mixtures of argon and helium. Results are presented and discussed. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Rector, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3446 EP 3452 DI 10.1121/1.2709406 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 181BA UT WOS:000247410500020 PM 17552696 ER PT J AU Fujita, EM Zielinska, B Campbell, DE Arnott, WP Sagebiel, JC Mazzoleni, L Chow, JC Gabele, PA Crews, W Snow, R Clark, NN Wayne, WS Lawson, DR AF Fujita, Eric M. Zielinska, Barbara Campbell, David E. Arnott, W. Patrick Sagebiel, John C. Mazzoleni, Lynn Chow, Judith C. Gabele, Peter A. Crews, William Snow, Richard Clark, Nigel N. Wayne, W. Scott Lawson, Douglas R. TI Variations in speciated emissions from spark-ignition and compression-ignition motor vehicles in California's south coast air basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; LIGHT CRUDE-OIL; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS; POLLUTION SOURCES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; GC-MS; GASOLINE AB The U.S. Department of Energy Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study examined the sources of uncertainties in using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance receptor model to quantify the contributions of spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine exhaust to ambient fine particulate matter (PM,.,). This paper presents the chemical composition profiles of SI and CI engine exhaust from the vehicle-testing portion of the study. Chemical analysis of source samples consisted of gravimetric mass, elements, ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network (SIN) thermal/optical methods, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, steranes, alkanes, and polar organic compounds. More than half of the mass of carbonaceous particles emitted by heavy-duty diesel trucks was EC (IMPROVE) and emissions from SI vehicles contained predominantly OC. Although total carbon (TC) by the IMPROVE and STN protocols agreed well for all of the samples, the STN/IMPROVE ratios for EC from SI exhaust decreased with decreasing sample loading. SI vehicles, whether low or high emitters, emitted greater amounts of high-molecular-weight particulate PAHs (benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and coronene) than did CI vehicles. Diesel emissions contained higher abundances of two- to four-ring semivolatile PAHs. Diacids were emitted by CI vehicles but are also prevalent in secondary organic aerosols, so they cannot be considered unique tracers. Hopanes and steranes were present in lubricating oil with similar composition for both gasoline and diesel vehicles and were negligible in gasoline or diesel fuels. CI vehicles emitted greater total amounts of hopanes and steranes on a mass per mile basis, but abundances were comparable to SI exhaust normalized to TC emissions within measurement uncertainty. The combustion-produced high-molecular-weight PAHs were found in used gasoline motor oil but not in fresh oil and are negligible in used diesel engine oil. The contributions of lubrication oils to abundances of these PAHs in the exhaust were large in some cases and were variable with the age and consumption rate of the oil. These factors contributed to the observed variations in their abundances to total carbon or PM2.5 among the SI composition profiles. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US EPA, Source Apportionment & Characterizat Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Bevilacqua Knight Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Eric.Fujita@dri.edu RI Mazzoleni, Lynn/H-6545-2011 OI Mazzoleni, Lynn/0000-0002-0226-7337 NR 47 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 32 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 705 EP 720 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.705 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175ZP UT WOS:000247052800004 PM 17608006 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM Brown, KG AF Jantzen, Carol M. Brown, Kevin G. TI Predicting the spinel-nepheline liquidus for application to nuclear waste glass processing. Part I: Primary phase analysis, liquidus measurment, and quasicrystalline approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICATE MELTS; VITREOUS SILICA; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; OLIVINE AB The crystal-melt equilibria in complex 15 component simulated high-level waste (HLW) glass melts are modeled on the basis of quasicrystalline concepts. A pseudobinary phase diagram between a transition metal ferrite spinel (an incongruent melt product of transition metal iron-rich acmite) and nepheline is defined in Part II on the basis of these concepts. The pseudobinary lies within the Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-Na(2)O-SiO(2) quaternary system that defines the crystallization of basalt glass melts. Part I defines the complex transition metal species that crystallize in waste glasses, the role of the octahedral site preference energies, the evidence for quasicrystalline clustering in waste glasses, and the potential quasicrystalline exchange reactions at the liquidus. The liquidus model developed on the basis of these concepts has been used to prevent unwanted crystallization in the world's largest HLW melter for the past 4 years while allowing > 10 wt% higher waste loadings to be processed. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov NR 94 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1866 EP 1879 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01027.x PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 177CT UT WOS:000247131900029 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM Brown, KG AF Jantzen, Carol M. Brown, Kevin G. TI Predicting the spinel-nepheline liquidus for application to nuclear waste glass processing. Part II: Quasicrystalline freezing point depression model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SILICATE-GLASSES; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; SYSTEM AB The crystal-melt equilibria in complex 15-component-simulated high-level waste (HLW) glass melts are modeled based on quasicrystalline concepts that are discussed in Part I. A pseudobinary phase diagram between a transition metal ferrite spinel (an incongruent melt product of a transition metal iron-rich acmite) and nepheline is defined based on calculation of the quasicrystalline melt precursors calculated by a freezing point depression approach. The pseudobinary lies within the Al2O3-Fe2O3-Na2O-SiO2 quaternary system that defines the crystallization of basalt glass melts. The modeling provides the partitioning of species between the melt and the primary liquidus phases. The medium-range order of the melt and the melt-crystal exchange equilibria are defined based on a constrained mathematical treatment that considers the crystallochemical coordination of the elemental species in acmite and nepheline. The liquidus phases that form are shown to be governed by the melt polymerization (Part II) and the thermodynamic octahedral site preference energies (Part I). The liquidus model developed based on these concepts has been used to prevent unwanted crystallization in the world's largest HLW melter for the past 4 years while allowing > 10 wt% higher waste loadings to be processed. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov NR 54 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1880 EP 1891 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01028.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 177CT UT WOS:000247131900030 ER PT J AU Choi, JJ Lee, JH Park, DS Hahn, BD Yoon, WH Lin, HT AF Choi, Jong-Jin Lee, Joo-Hee Park, Dong-Soo Hahn, Byung-Dong Yoon, Woon-Ha Lin, Hua-Tay TI Oxidation resistance coating of LSM and LSCF on SOFC metallic interconnects by the aerosol deposition process SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTACT RESISTANCE; THICK-FILMS AB Conductive La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) layers with a thickness of similar to 10 mu m were deposited on ferritic stainless steel (SS) by the aerosol deposition method, for use as an oxidation resistance-coating layer in the metallic interconnector of a solid oxide fuel cell. The coated layers were fairly dense without pores or cracks, and maintained good adhesion even after oxidation at 800 degrees C for 100 h. The surface of the bare SS after annealing at 800 degrees C for 100 h was covered with Cr2O3 and Fe3O4 oxide scales, and the electrical conductivity was sharply decreased. However, the LSM- and LSCF-coated SSs showed a surface microstructure with almost no oxidation and maintained good electrical conductivity after annealing at 800 degrees C for 100 h. The area-specific resistance (ASR) of LSM- and LSCF-coated alloys after 100 h of oxidation at 800 degrees C was 20.6 and 11.7 m Omega.cm(2), respectively. C1 Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Future Technol, Gyeongnam 641831, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choi, JJ (reprint author), Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Future Technol, Gyeongnam 641831, South Korea. EM jin@kmail.kimm.re.kr RI Choi, Jong-Jin/D-3396-2009 NR 10 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1926 EP 1929 DI 10.1111/j.1551.2916.2007.01641.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 177CT UT WOS:000247131900037 ER PT J AU Frohlich, A Schober, S AF Frohlich, Andras Schober, Sigurd TI The influence of tocopherols on the oxidation stability of methyl esters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE natural antioxidants; tocopherols; biodiesel; fatty acid methyl esters; thermal and accelerated oxidation induction periods; oxidation stability ID GAMMA-TOCOPHEROLS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BIODIESEL; OIL; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; SUNFLOWER; ANTIOXIDANTS; RAPESEED; STORAGE; SOYATE AB Tocopherols were found to be the principal natural antioxidants in biodiesel grade fatty acid methyl esters. The stabilising effect of alpha, gamma- and delta- tocopherols from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg was evaluated by thermal and accelerated storage induction times based on rapid viscosity increase, in sunflower (SME), recycled vegetable oil (RVOME), rapeseed (RME) and tallow (TME) methyl esters. Both induction times showed that stabilising effect is of the order of delta- > gamma - > alpha-tocopherol, and that the stabilising effect increased with concentration. The correlation between the two induction times however was poor, which is probably due to the fact that the time they correspond to two different stages of oxidation. Tocopherols were found to stabilise methyl esters by reducing the rate of peroxide formation while present. The deactivation rates of tocopherols increased with unsaturation of the particular methyl ester and in the present work they were of the order of SME > RME > RVOME > TME. While a-tocopherol was found to be a relatively weak antioxidants, both gamma- and delta- tocopherols increased induction times significantly and should be added to methyl esters without natural antioxidants. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Frohlich, A (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. EM andreas.frohlich@teagasc.ie NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1075-z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 188TX UT WOS:000247943300011 ER PT J AU Poulos, GS Bossert, JE McKee, TB Pielke, RA AF Poulos, Gregory S. Bossert, James E. McKee, Thomas B. Pielke, Roger A., Sr. TI The interaction of katabatic flow and mountain waves. Part II: Case study analysis and conceptual model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; STEEP ALPINE VALLEY; STRATIFIED FLOW; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LEE-WAVES; GAP WINDS; DRAG AB Via numerical analysis of detailed simulations of an early September 1993 case night, the authors develop a conceptual model of the interaction of katabatic flow in the nocturnal boundary layer with mountain waves (MKI). A companion paper (Part I) describes the synoptic and mesoscale observations of the case night from the Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) experiment and idealized numerical simulations that manifest components of the conceptual model of MKI presented herein. The reader is also referred to Part I for detailed scientific background and motivation. The interaction of these phenomena is complicated and nonlinear since the amplitude, wavelength, and vertical structure of the mountain-wave system developed by flow over the barrier owes some portion of its morphology to the evolving atmospheric stability in which the drainage flows develop. Simultaneously, katabatic flows are impacted by the topographically induced gravity wave evolution, which may include significantly changing wavelength, amplitude, flow magnitude, and wave breaking behavior. In addition to effects caused by turbulence (including scouring), perturbations to the leeside gravity wave structure at altitudes physically distant from the surface-based katabatic flow layer can be reflected in the katabatic flow by transmission through the atmospheric column. The simulations show that the evolution of atmospheric structure aloft can create local variability in the surface pressure gradient force governing katabatic flow. Variability is found to occur on two scales, on the meso-beta due to evolution of the mountain-wave system on the order of one hour, and on the microscale due to rapid wave evolution (short wavelength) and wave breaking-induced fluctuations. It is proposed that the MKI mechanism explains a portion of the variability in observational records of katabatic flow. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, EOL, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Poulos, GS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, EOL, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM gsp@ucar.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1857 EP 1879 DI 10.1175/JAS3926.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181JR UT WOS:000247433500007 ER PT J AU Cerjan, C AF Cerjan, Charles TI Zernike-Bessel representation and its application to Hankel transforms SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE; COMPUTATION; ALGORITHM AB The duality between the well-known Zernike polynomial basis set and the Fourier-Bessel expansion of suitable functions on the radial unit interval is exploited to calculate Hankel transforms. In particular, the Hankel transform of simple truncated radial functions is observed to be exact, whereas more complicated functions may be evaluated with high numerical accuracy. The formulation also provides some general insight into the limitations of the Fourier-Bessel representation, especially for infinite-range Hankel transform pairs. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cerjan, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cerjan1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1616 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.24.001609 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 169EL UT WOS:000246575400012 PM 17491628 ER PT J AU Fang, Z Newstein, MC Garetz, BA Wilbur, JD Balsara, NP AF Fang, Zhuangxi Newstein, Maurice C. Garetz, Bruce A. Wilbur, Jeffrey D. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Light scattering from anisotropic block copolymer grains in a planar waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDES; STRATIFIED MEDIA; GREENS TENSOR; THIN-FILMS; BIREFRINGENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; MELT AB A theory is presented to treat depolarized light scattering in a planar waveguide consisting of an ordered block copolymer thin film on a fused-silica substrate. In guided-wave depolarized light scattering (GWDLS), light is coupled into a transverse-magnetic mode of the film, which acts as a planar waveguide. Scattering of the incident light from randomly oriented, optically anisotropic grains results in the coupling of light into propagating transverse-electric (TE) modes in the sample. A dyadic Green's function approach is employed to derive a quantitative relationship between the total optical power of the scattered TE wave and the average size of the grains. The grain size thus calculated from GWDLS experiments is consistent with the position space results of atomic force microscopy. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Polytech Univ, Othmer Jacobs Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garetz, BA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM bgaretz@poly.edu; nbalsara@berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.001291 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 173IU UT WOS:000246867500007 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, A Wada, S Sarrao, JL AF Yamamoto, Aya Wada, Shinji Sarrao, John L. TI Quantum criticality of the heavy-fermion compound YbAuCu4 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE YbAuCu4; spin fluctuations; quantum critical behavior ID ELECTRON; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We have investigated evolution of transport and low-energy spin fluctuation properties of the heavy fermion compound YbAuCu4 with the application of magnetic field, and found that the material can be driven from the originally antiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered ground state (Neel temperature T-N similar to 0.8 K) to a nonmagnetic Fermi liquid one through the field-tuned quantum critical point (QCP) at H-cr similar or equal to 13 kOe. The electrical resistivity measurement down to 55 mK in the vicinity of H-cr (TN --> 0) provides evidence for the increase in the inelastic scattering of heavy electrons, and the Cu-63 spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1T measurement down to 1.35 K near H-cr exhibits the occurrence of the AFM order instability. Temperature and field participating in the non-Fermi liquid (NFL) phenomena in the vicinity of Hr are about one order higher in energy than those in YbRh2Si2 that has been intensively investigated as only one NFL material among the stoichiometric Yb-based compounds. It is mentioned that in both compound, the quasiparticle mass does not diverge but remains finite in the field-tuned QCP. An additional new information provided in this study is that the Kondo temperature T-K derived from the resisitivity maximum and/or the 1/T1T maximum monotonically increases with increasing field, contrary to the increase in the localization character of f electrons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Yamamoto, A (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, IIC, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM ayay@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063709 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.76.063709 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181NI UT WOS:000247443000011 ER PT J AU Rong, R Gnanakaran, S Decker, JM Bibollet-Ruche, F Taylor, J Sfakianos, JN Mokili, JL Muldoon, M Mulenga, J Allen, S Hahn, BH Shaw, GM Blackwell, JL Korber, BT Hunter, E Derdeyn, CA AF Rong, Rong Gnanakaran, S. Decker, Julie M. Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic Taylor, Jesse Sfakianos, Jeffrey N. Mokili, John L. Muldoon, Mark Mulenga, Joseph Allen, Susan Hahn, Beatrice H. Shaw, George M. Blackwell, Jerry L. Korber, Bette T. Hunter, Eric Derdeyn, Cynthia A. TI Unique mutational patterns in the envelope alpha 2 amphipathic helix and acquisition of length in gp120 hypervariable domains are associated with resistance to autologous neutralization of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; V3 LOOP; CLADE-B; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLUBLE CD4; RECEPTOR-BINDING; V2 DOMAIN; HIV-1; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Autologous neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against human immunodeficiency virus type I generate viral escape variants; however, the mechanisms of escape are not clearly defined. In a previous study, we determined the susceptibilities of 48 donor and 25 recipient envelope (Env) glycoproteins from five subtype C heterosexual transmission pairs to NAb in donor plasma by using a virus pseudotyping assay, thereby providing an ideal setting to probe the determinants of susceptibility to neutralization. In the present study, acquisition of length in the Env gp120 hypervariable domains was shown to correlate with resistance to NAb in donor plasma (P = 0.01; Kendall's tau test) but not in heterologous plasma. Sequence divergence in the gp120 V1-to-V4 region also correlated with resistance to donor (P = 0.0002) and heterologous (P = 0.001) NAb. A mutual information analysis suggested possible associations of nine amino acid positions in V1 to V4 with NAb resistance to the donor's antibodies, and five of these were located within an 18-residue amphipathic helix (alpha 2) located on the gp120 outer domain. High nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution (dN/dS) ratios, indicative of positive selection, were also found at these five positions in subtype C sequences in the database. Nevertheless, exchange of the entire alpha 2 helix between resistant donor Envs and sensitive recipient Envs did not alter the NAb phenotype. The combined mutual information and dN/dS analyses suggest that unique mutational patterns in alpha 2 and insertions in the V1-to-V4 region are associated with NAb resistance during subtype C infection but that the selected positions within the alpha 2 helix must be linked to still other changes in Env to confer antibody escape. These findings suggest that subtype C viruses utilize mutations in the alpha 2 helix for efficient viral replication and immune avoidance. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci, Dept Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Zambia Blood Transfus Serv, Lusaka, Zambia. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Derdeyn, CA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd,Suite 1024, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM cynthia.derdeyn@emory.edu RI Muldoon, Mark/C-7505-2009; OI Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165, RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051231, R01 AI058706, R01-AI-51231, R01-AI-58706] NR 77 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 5658 EP 5668 DI 10.1128/JVI.00257-07 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 173II UT WOS:000246866300022 PM 17360739 ER PT J AU Siebe, C Goff, F Armienta, MA Counce, D Poreda, R Chipera, S AF Siebe, Claus Goff, Fraser Armienta, Maria Aurora Counce, Dale Poreda, Robert Chipera, Steve TI Geology and hydrogeochemistry of the Jungapeo CO2-rich thermal springs, State of Michoacan, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Jungapeo; geothermal assessment; Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; scoria cone; Tuxpan shield; geothermal waters; mineral springs; water and gas chemistry; stable and noble gas isotopes ID K-CA GEOTHERMOMETER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VALLES-CALDERA; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; VOLCANIC BELT; CINDER CONES; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATERS; REGION; USA AB We present the first geothermal assessment of the Jungapeo CO2-rich mineral springs, which are located in the eastern part of Michoacan State (central Mexico) at the southern limit of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. All but one of the > 10 springs occur at the lower contact of the distal olivine-bearing basaltic andesite lavas of the Tuxpan shield, a 0.49- to 0.60-Ma-old cluster of monogenetic scoria cones and lava flows. The Tuxpan shield has a maximum radius of 6 km and was constructed on top of a folded and faulted Cretaceous basement consisting largely of marine limestones, marls, and shales. The mineral waters are characterized by moderate temperatures (28 to 32 degrees C), mild acidity (pH from 5.5 to 6.5), relatively high discharge rates, effervescence of CO2 Gas, clarity at emergence and abundant subsequent precipitation of hydrous iron, silica oxides, and carbonates around pool margins and issuing streamlets. Chemical and isotopic (deuterium, oxygen, and tritium) analyses of water and gas samples obtained during the period 1991-1997 indicate that the springs are largely composed of meteoric water from a local source with relatively short residence times (water ages of 7 to 25 years). Spring waters are chemically characterized by moderate SiO2, Ca+Mg nearly equal to Na+K, high HCO3, moderate to low Cl, low F and SO4, high B, moderate Li, while Br and As are low. In contrast, Fe+Mn is exceptionally high. Thus, the Jungapeo waters cannot be regarded as high-temperature geothermal fluids. Instead, they resemble soda spring waters similar to other low-to-medium temperature soda waters in the world. Gas samples are extremely rich in CO2 with no detectable geothermal H2S or H-2 and very low contents of CH4 and NH3, indicating the gases are not derived from a high-temperature resource. Carbon-13 analyses of CO2 show a narrow range (-6.7 parts per thousand and -7.2 parts per thousand) that falls within the range for MORB CO2. Thus, most CO2 seems to originate from the mantle but some CO2 could originate from thermal degradation of organic remains in underlying Cretaceous rocks. 314 He ratios range from about 2 to 3 Rc/Ra, indicating that a small mantle/magmatic He component is present in the gases. In conclusion, the mineral waters are the surface expression of a low-temperature geothermal system of limited size that originates from the combined effects of a high regional heat flow and (possibly) the remnant heat released from subjacent basaltic andesite magma bodies that constitute the root zone of the Tuxpan shield. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Dept Vulcanol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Siebe, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Dept Vulcanol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM csiebe@geofisica.unam.mx RI Armienta, Maria /K-5471-2014; OI ARMIENTA, MARIA AURORA/0000-0003-1085-1370; Siebe, Claus/0000-0002-3959-9028 NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.03.008 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 186AU UT WOS:000247752300001 ER PT J AU Fristachi, A Rice, G Steevens, J Linkov, I AF Fristachi, Anthony Rice, Glenn Steevens, Jeffery Linkov, Igor TI A preliminary exposure assessment of microcystins from consumption of drinking water in the United States SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium of the North-American-Lake-Management-Society CY NOV, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP N Amer Lake Management Soc DE cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; exposure assessment; drinking water; harmful algal blooms ID LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPRAY IRRIGATION; CYANOBACTERIA; SUPPLEMENTS; TOXINS; LAKE AB This preliminary human exposure assessment of cyanotoxins from consumption of treated drinking water in the United States is based on reported concentrations of microcystin-LR equivalents, (herein referred to as MC-LR), a cyanotoxin measured in a study of North American drinking waters conducted by the American Water Works Association from June 1996 to January 1998. The sampling protocol resulted in a distribution of MC-LR concentrations in waters that likely overestimates the actual distribution encountered by the exposed population, yielding conservatively biased estimates of exposure. Over a 75-year lifetime, the estimated lifetime average daily dose of MC-LR from the consumption of drinking water was estimated to be 1.7 x 10(-3) mu g/kg-day with a standard deviation of 0.02. The 90 and 95 percentile exposure estimates were 1.5 x 10(-1) and 3.9 x 10(-3), respectively. Our results suggest that most individuals are exposed to cyanotoxin levels in finished North American drinking waters that are approximately an order of magnitude lower than the World Health Organization's provisional guideline level of 1 mu g/L, which corresponds to approximately 0.04 mu g/kg-day. C1 [Fristachi, Anthony] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Steevens, Jeffery] USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Linkov, Igor] Intertox Inc, Brookline, MA USA. RP Fristachi, A (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM afristac@jhsph.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333ON UT WOS:000258161900010 ER PT J AU Cao, LF Uschmann, I Zamponi, F Kampfer, T Fuhrmann, A Forster, E Holl, A Redmer, R Toleikis, S Tschentscher, T Glenzer, SH AF Cao, L. F. Uschmann, I. Zamponi, F. Kaempfer, T. Fuhrmann, A. Foerster, E. Hoell, A. Redmer, R. Toleikis, S. Tschentscher, T. Glenzer, S. H. TI Space-time characterization of laser plasma interactions in the warm dense matter regime SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE interferometry; laser plasma interaction; Thomson scattering; warm dense matter ID RAY THOMSON SCATTERING; INTERFEROMETER; ABLATION; TARGETS; SOLIDS AB Laser plasma interaction experiments have been performed using an A Titanium Sapphire laser. Plasmas have been generated from planar PMMA targets using single laser pulses with 3.3 mJ pulse energy, 50 A pulse duration at 800 nm wavelength. The electron density distributions of the plasmas in different delay times have been characterized by means of Nomarski Interferometry. Experimental data were compared with hydrodynamic simulation. First results to characterize the plasma density and temperature as a function of space and time are obtained. This work aims to generate plasmas in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime at near solid-density in an ultra-fast laser target interaction process. Plasmas under these conditions can serve as targets to develop X-ray Thomson scattering as a plasma diagnostic tool, e.g., using the Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free-electron laser (FLASH) at Dentsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Rostock, Germany. DESY Hamburg, Hasylab, Hamburg, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cao, LF (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, Max Wien Pl 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM cao@ioq.uni-jena.de RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1017/S0263034607000067 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 180TI UT WOS:000247388500007 ER PT J AU Abdallah, J Batani, D Desai, T Lucchini, G Faenov, A Pikuz, T Magunov, A Narayanan, V AF Abdallah, J. Batani, D. Desai, T. Lucchini, G. Faenov, A. Pikuz, T. Magunov, A. Narayanan, V. TI High resolution X-ray emission spectra from picosecond laser irradiated Ge targets SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE laser-plasmas; X-ray spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS; GERMANIUM PLASMA; DENSE-PLASMAS; ENERGY; RADIATION; BRIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; DIAGNOSTICS AB Investigations of a high resolution X-ray emission spectrum in the range 0.66-0.75 nm obtained by irradiating a Germanium target with high-power p-polarized, 40 picosecond laser radiation at 532 nm wavelength was done. Spectra in the wavelength region of 2l-4l' and 2l-5l' L-shell transitions in F-like, Ne-like and Na-like germanium ions were recorded using the FSSR-21) spectrometer equipped with a spherically bent quartz crystal with a spectral resolution lambda/Delta lambda better than 5000. Spectral lines were compared with theoretical values obtained using the LANL, plasma kinetic code ATOMIC. Fair agreement between experimental and theoretical spectral lines has been observed, which allowed to measure enough high bulk electron temperature values of 560 eV and electron density of similar to 10(21) cm(-3) in Ge plasma irradiated by rather small commercial high repetition rate Nd:YAG laser system. C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis Gocchialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Russian Acad Sci, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AM Prokhorov Gen Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Batani, D (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis Gocchialini, Piazza Sci 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM batani@mib.infn.it NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1017/S0263034607000080 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 180TI UT WOS:000247388500008 ER PT J AU Martin, SB Mosquera-Caro, MP Potter, JW Davidson, GS Andries, E Kang, H Helman, P Veroff, RL Atlas, SR Murphy, M Wang, X Ar, K Xu, Y Chen, IM Schultz, FA Wilson, CS Harvey, R Bedrick, E Shuster, J Carroll, AJ Camitta, B Willman, CL AF Martin, S. B. Mosquera-Caro, M. P. Potter, J. W. Davidson, G. S. Andries, E. Kang, H. Helman, P. Veroff, R. L. Atlas, S. R. Murphy, M. Wang, X. Ar, K. Xu, Y. Chen, I.-M Schultz, F. A. Wilson, C. S. Harvey, R. Bedrick, E. Shuster, J. Carroll, A. J. Camitta, B. Willman, C. L. TI Gene expression overlap affects karyotype prediction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Letter ID DOSE INTRAVENOUS METHOTREXATE; ONCOLOGY-GROUP; CLASSIFICATION; DISCOVERY; CHILDREN; TRIAL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Florida, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Martin, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cwillman@salud.unm.edu OI Harvey, Richard/0000-0002-4904-9767 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88361, CA114762] NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1344 DI 10.1038/sj.leu.2404640 PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 172JD UT WOS:000246799300038 PM 17410195 ER PT J AU Hush, D Scovel, C Steinwart, I AF Hush, Don Scovel, Clint Steinwart, Ingo TI Stability of unstable learning algorithms SO MACHINE LEARNING LA English DT Article DE learning; stability; generalization AB We introduce graphical learning algorithms and use them to produce bounds on error deviance for unstable learning algorithms which possess a partial form of stability. As an application we obtain error deviance bounds for support vector machines (SVMs) with variable offset parameter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Scovel, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dhush@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov; ingo@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0885-6125 J9 MACH LEARN JI Mach. Learn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10994-007-5004-z PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 159FS UT WOS:000245851400002 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Poeppel, RB Emerson, JE Johnson, SA Lanagan, MT Youngdahl, CA Shi, DL Goretta, KC Eror, NG AF Balachandran, U. Poeppel, R. B. Emerson, J. E. Johnson, S. A. Lanagan, M. T. Youngdahl, C. A. Shi, Donglu Goretta, K. C. Eror, N. G. TI Synthesis of a phase-pure orthorhombic YBa(2)Cu(3)Ox, under low oxygen pressure (Reprinted from Materials Letters, vol 8, pg 454, 1989) SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Reprint ID OXIDES AB Reaction of Y2O3, BaCo3 and CuO for 4 h at 800 degrees C in flowing O-2 with a total pressure of about 2.7 x 10(2) Pa, followed by cooling in O-2 at ambient pressure, has produced phase-pure orthorhombic YBa2Cu3Ox. Keeping the ratio of O-2 to evolved CO2 above 50 was necessary to ensure phase purity. The resultant powder yielded pressed and inserted pellets with improved superconducting properties. (C) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland Physics Publishing Division). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat & Components Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oregon Grad Ctr, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat & Components Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 14-15 BP 2859 EP 2861 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.044 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 179WH UT WOS:000247320500007 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Bokstein, B AF Mendelev, Mikhail I. Bokstein, Boris TI Molecular dynamics study of vacancy migration in Al SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; defects; diffusion ID FORMATION VOLUME; DIFFUSION; PRESSURE AB The embedded atom method (EAM) potential developed for Al was used to study self-diffusion. The vacancy formation and migration energies were obtained both from molecular static calculations at T=0 and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations near the melting temperature. Applying pure dilatation at T=900 K, we also obtained the vacancy migration volume. The obtained results are compared with available experimental data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Chem Phys, Moscow 119049, Russia. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov RI Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 14-15 BP 2911 EP 2914 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.10.024 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 179WH UT WOS:000247320500021 ER PT J AU Shin, Y Bae, IT Arey, BW Exarhos, GJ AF Shin, Yongsoon Bae, In-Tae Arey, Bruce W. Exarhos, Gregory J. TI Simple preparation and stabilization of nickel nanocrystals on cellulose nanocrystal SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cellulose nanocrystal; nickel; reduction; X-ray diffraction ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS; NANOCOMPOSITES; CRYSTALLITES; NANOWIRES; NANORODS; CATALYST AB Nickel nanocrystals were simply prepared on carbon through a thermal reduction process at 400-500 degrees C under N-2 after Ni(II) ions were deposited and stabilized on cellulose nanocrystal (CNXL) surface. Hydroxyl groups on the CNXL anchor and stabilize Ni(II) ions. Well-dispersed Ni nanocrystals on the carbonized CNXL were about 5-12 nm in size. XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM were employed to characterize the products. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shin, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999-MSIN K2-44, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yongsoon.shin@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 14-15 BP 3215 EP 3217 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.11.036 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 179WH UT WOS:000247320500095 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Norton, DP Budai, JD AF Kwon, Y. W. Norton, D. P. Budai, John D. TI Orientation and growth behavior of CaHfO3 thin films on non-oxide substrates SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FERROELECTRIC STABILITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; OXIDES; SRTIO3 AB The growth behavior of CaHfO3 on (001) Ni and Ge substrates was examined. CaHfO3 is a perovskite insulator that is suitable for applications as a buffer layer or gate dielectric. The tendency for CaHfO3 growth on both (001) Ni and (001) Ge substrates is to orient with the CaHfO3 (200) + (121) planes parallel to the surface, which corresponds to the (110) orientation in the pseudo-cubic geometry. This differs from that of CaHfO3 on perovskites, such as (001) LaAlO3, where a pseudo-cube-on-cube orientation is observed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 16 BP 3500 EP 3503 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.11.092 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 177IF UT WOS:000247146100046 ER PT J AU Moyers, M Sun, S Sardesai, M Rightnue, S Sharma, A Rusek, A Sivertz, M AF Moyers, M. Sun, S. Sardesai, M. Rightnue, S. Sharma, A. Rusek, A. Sivertz, M. TI Tornotherapy MVXCT numbers versus RLSP for various ions and materials SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Proton Therapy Inc, Colton, CA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, Long Beach, CA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2383 EP 2383 DI 10.1118/1.2760572 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600286 ER PT J AU Faddegon, B Traneus, E Perl, J Tinslay, J Asai, M AF Faddegon, B. Traneus, E. Perl, J. Tinslay, J. Asai, M. TI Comparison of Monte Carlo simulation results to an experimental thick-target bremsstrahlung benchmark SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Nucletron BV, NL-3900 AX Veenendaal, Netherlands. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2429 EP 2429 DI 10.1118/1.2760781 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600482 ER PT J AU Tinslay, J Faddegon, BA Perl, J Asai, M AF Tinslay, J. Faddegon, B. A. Perl, J. Asai, M. TI Verification of bremsstrahlung splitting in Geant4 for radiotherapy quality beams SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2504 EP 2504 DI 10.1118/1.2761172 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479600806 ER PT J AU Mackie, T Caporaso, G Sampayan, S Chen, Y Blackfield, D Harris, J Hawkins, S Holmes, C Nelson, S Paul, A Poole, B Rhodes, M Sanders, D Sullivan, J Wang, L Watson, J Reckwerdt, P Schmidt, R Pearson, D Flynn, R Matthews, D Purd, J AF Mackie, T. Caporaso, G. Sampayan, S. Chen, Y. Blackfield, D. Harris, J. Hawkins, S. Holmes, C. Nelson, S. Paul, A. Poole, B. Rhodes, M. Sanders, D. Sullivan, J. Wang, L. Watson, J. Reckwerdt, P. Schmidt, R. Pearson, D. Flynn, R. Matthews, D. Purd, J. TI A proposal for a novel compact intensity modulated proton therapy system using a dielectric wall accelerator SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. TomoTherapy Inc, Madison, WI USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2628 EP 2628 DI 10.1118/1.2761668 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479601275 ER PT J AU Huang, L Hanson, K Quan, Y Pratt, R Li, C Duric, N Littrup, P AF Huang, L. Hanson, K. Quan, Y. Pratt, R. Li, C. Duric, N. Littrup, P. TI Ultrasound reflectivity imaging with a split-step fourier propagator for cancer detection and diagnosis in heterogeneous breasts SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2645 EP 2645 DI 10.1118/1.2761737 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479601343 ER PT J AU Li, C Duric, N Huang, L AF Li, C. Duric, N. Huang, L. TI Calibration of bent-ray ultrasound tomography and its application to breast cancer detection and diagnosis SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2645 EP 2645 DI 10.1118/1.2761740 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479601346 ER PT J AU Duric, N Littrup, P Glide, C Li, C Huang, L Pratt, R Quan, Y Simonetti, F AF Duric, N. Littrup, P. Glide, C. Li, C. Huang, L. Pratt, R. Quan, Y. Simonetti, F. TI Detection of breast cancer with ultrasound tomography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Barbara Ann Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2646 EP 2646 DI 10.1118/1.2761742 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 182BH UT WOS:000247479601348 ER PT J AU Zhou, SH Napolitano, RE AF Zhou, S. H. Napolitano, R. E. TI The stability of Al11SM3 (Al4SM) phases in the Al-Sm binary system SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINIUM-SAMARIUM; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; EARTH; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTS AB The relative stability of Al11Sm3 (Al4Sm) intermetallic phases was experimentally investigated through a series of heat treatments followed by microstructural, microchemical, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The principal findings are that the high-temperature tetragonal phase is stable from 1655 to 1333 K and that the low-temperature orthorhombic phases, a and, have no range of full stability but are metastable with respect to the crystalline Al and Sin reference states down to 0 K. Thermodynamic modeling is used to describe the relative energetics of stable and metastable phases along with the associated two-phase mixtures. Issues regarding transition energetics and kinetics are discussed. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhou, SH (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ralphn@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38A IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1151 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9148-z PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 192FW UT WOS:000248187200001 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Allameh, S Boyce, B Chan, KS Soboyejo, WO AF Yang, Y. Allameh, S. Boyce, B. Chan, K. S. Soboyejo, W. O. TI An experimental study of fracture of LIGA Ni micro-electro-mechanical systems thin films SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HARDENING MATERIAL; CRACK-TIP; TOUGHNESS AB This article presents the results of an experimental study of fracture in LIGA Ni micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) thin films. Microtesting techniques are developed for the study of the J-resistance curve (J-Delta a) behavior in compact tension (CT) thin film specimens. III-situ measurements of crack-tip strain are presented together with in-situ and ex-situ microscopic images of crack-tip deformation and fracture mechanisms. Fractographic observation showed a mixture of inclined fracture planes (slant fracture) that are relatively featureless and normal fracture planes that exhibit dimples and microholes resulting from plastic deformation. C1 Princeton Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. No Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Geol, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM soboyejo@princeton.edu RI Yang, Yong/G-9148-2011 OI Yang, Yong/0000-0002-0491-8295 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38A IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1230 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9147-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 192FW UT WOS:000248187200010 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JI Jones, RH Kotula, PG Michael, JR AF Goldstein, J. I. Jones, R. H. Kotula, P. G. Michael, J. R. TI Microstructure and thermal history of metal particles in CH chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY SPECTRAL IMAGES; FE-RICH PORTION; SOLAR NEBULA; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ZONED METAL; CONDENSATION; NI; METEORITES; ALH85085 AB We have studied metal microstructures in four CH chondrites, Patuxent Range (PAT) 91546, Allan Hills (ALH) 85085, Acfer 214, and Northwest Africa (NWA) 739, to examine details of the thermal histories of individual particles. Four types of metal particles are common in all of these chondrites. Zoned and unzoned particles probably formed as condensates from a gas of chondritic composition in a monotonic cooling regime, as has been shown previously. We have demonstrated that these particles were cooled rapidly to temperatures below 500 K after they formed, and that condensation effectively closed around 700 K. Zoned and unzoned particles with exsolution precipitates, predominantly high-Ni taenite, have considerably more complex thermal histories. Precipitates grew in reheating episodes, but the details of the heating events vary among individual grains. Reheating temperatures are typically in the range 800-1000 K. Reheating could have been the result of impact events on the CH parent body. Some particles with precipitates may have been incorporated into chondrules, with further brief heating episodes taking place during chondrule formation. In addition to the four dominant types of metal particles, rare Ni-rich metal particles and Si-rich metal particles indicate that the metal assemblage in CH chondrites was a mixture of material that formed at different redox conditions. Metal in CH chondrites consists of a mechanical mixture of particles that underwent a variety of thermal histories prior to being assembled into the existing brecciated meteorites. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Engn Lab 313, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Goldstein, JI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Engn Lab 313, 160 Governors Dr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jig0@ecs.umass.edu RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 913 EP 933 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 182CP UT WOS:000247483000002 ER PT J AU Pantelides, ST Tsetseris, L Rashkeev, SN Zhou, XJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD AF Pantelides, Sokrates T. Tsetseris, L. Rashkeev, S. N. Zhou, X. J. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. TI Hydrogen in MOSFETs - A primary agent of reliability issues SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article ID BIAS-TEMPERATURE INSTABILITIES; BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; NEGATIVE BIAS; SI-SIO2 INTERFACES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MOS DEVICES; RADIATION; DEACTIVATION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Hydrogen plays an important role in MOSFETS as it is intentionally introduced to passivate defects (primarily Si dangling bonds) at the Si-SiO2 interface. At the same time, hydrogen has long been known to be involved in many degradation processes, with much attention being devoted recently to bias-temperature instability (BTI). Here, we give an overview of extensive theoretical results that provide a comprehensive picture of the role that hydrogen plays in several radiation-induced degradation modes and BTI. We identify a common origin for several degradation phenomena: H is released as H+ by holes either in the oxide or in Si and is driven to the interface by a positive or negative bias, respectively, where it depassivates dangling bonds via the formation of H-2 molecules. We close with a note about the role of hydrogen as a main agent for aging of microelectronics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Nashville, TN USA. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM pantelides@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 903 EP 911 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2006.10.011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 177XM UT WOS:000247185800009 ER PT J AU McGarrity, ES McGarrity, KS Duxbury, PM Reed, BW Holm, EA AF McGarrity, E. S. McGarrity, K. S. Duxbury, P. M. Reed, B. W. Holm, E. A. TI Effects of grain boundary constraint on properties of polycrystalline materials SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Congress on Computational Mechanics CY JUL 20-21, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA ID PERCOLATION THEORY; NETWORKS; CONNECTIVITY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRACKING AB Grain boundary networks are engineered by increasing the fraction of boundaries which exhibit improved properties. Favourable boundaries have either low grain boundary misorientation or they are special boundaries, such as coincident site lattice boundaries. Significant improvement in properties such as corrosion resistance, critical current in superconductors and mechanical strength and toughness occur, provided percolating grain or grain boundary structures can be engineered. We develop computational models for grain boundary engineered polycrystals and demonstrate that grain boundary constraints modify the behaviour near the percolation threshold. We postulate that this is due to an enhanced clustering of weak boundaries induced by grain boundary constraints. In random grain structures the fraction of strong grain boundaries may be measured in two ways, either the length fraction, c, or the edge fraction c(e). We find that grain boundary constraint shifts the length fraction threshold, c(*), of Potts model polycrystals to higher values, while the edge fraction, c(e*), remains almost the same in both correlated and uncorrelated grain structures. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Technol Div, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Modeling, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McGarrity, ES (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mcgarrit@pa.msu.edu; cooper@pa.msu.edu; duxbury@pa.msu.edu; reed12@llnl.gov; eaholm@sandia.gov RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013; Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 SI SI BP S353 EP S360 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/15/4/S03 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 176RT UT WOS:000247103300004 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Lee, GY Myers, CA Neve, RM Semeiks, JR Spellman, PT Lorenz, K Lee, EH Barcellos-Hoff, MH Petersen, OW Gray, JW Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, Paraic A. Lee, Genee Y. Myers, Connie A. Neve, Richard M. Semeiks, Jeremy R. Spellman, Paul T. Lorenz, Katrin Lee, Eua H. Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen Petersen, Ole W. Gray, Joe W. Bissell, Mina J. TI The morphologies of breast cancer cell lines in three-dimensional assays correlate with their profiles of gene expression SO MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breast cancer; 3D culture; Extracellular matrix; Gene expression profiling; Signal transduction ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; TUMOR-CELLS; E-CADHERIN; IN-VIVO; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION AB 3D cell cultures are rapidly becoming the method of choice for the physiologically relevant modeling of many aspects of non-malignant and malignant cell behavior ex vivo. Nevertheless, only a limited number of distinct cell types have been evaluated in this assay to date. Here we report the first large scale comparison of the transcriptional profiles and 3D cell culture phenotypes of a substantial panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Each cell line adopts a colony morphology of one of four main classes in 3D culture. These morphologies reflect, at least in part, the underlying gene expression profile and protein expression patterns of the cell lines, and distinct morphologies were also associated with tumor cell invasiveness and with cell lines originating from metastases. We further demonstrate that consistent differences in genes encoding signal transduction proteins emerge when even tumor cells are cultured in 3D microenvironments. (C) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kenny, Paraic A.; Lee, Genee Y.; Myers, Connie A.; Neve, Richard M.; Semeiks, Jeremy R.; Spellman, Paul T.; Lorenz, Katrin; Lee, Eua H.; Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen; Gray, Joe W.; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Petersen, Ole W.] Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Struct Cell Biol Unit, Inst Med Anat, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov FU Department of Defense Breast Cancer [DAMD17-02-1-0438, DAMD17-00-1-0224]; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC03SF0098]; National Cancer Institute [R01 CA064786, U54 CA112970]; Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation [2000-223] FX These investigations were initially made possible by an Innovator award from the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (DAMD17-02-1-0438) to M.J.B. and additionally by a Distinguished Scientist Award and a grant from the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-AC03SF0098), and in part by the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA064786 to M.J.B and O.W.P. and U54 CA112970 to J.W.G). P.A. Kenny was supported by postdoctoral training fellowships from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (#2000-223) and the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (DAMD17-00-1-0224). NR 63 TC 396 Z9 404 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1574-7891 J9 MOL ONCOL JI Mol. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.molonc.2007.02.004 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 413XW UT WOS:000263829000010 PM 18516279 ER PT J AU De Pasquale, M Oates, SR Page, MJ Burrows, DN Blustin, AJ Zane, S Mason, KO Roming, PWA Palmer, D Gehrels, N Zhang, B AF De Pasquale, Massimiliano Oates, S. R. Page, M. J. Burrows, D. N. Blustin, A. J. Zane, S. Mason, K. O. Roming, P. W. A. Palmer, D. Gehrels, N. Zhang, B. TI Early afterglow detection in the Swift observations of GRB 050801 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CONTINUOUS ENERGY INJECTION; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; LIGHT; SIGNATURE; RESERVOIR; REDSHIFT; BEPPOSAX; PROMPT AB We present results of Swift optical, ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray observations of the afterglow of GRB 050801. The source is visible over the full optical, UV and X-ray energy range of the Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope and X- ray telescope instruments. Both optical and X- ray light curves exhibit a broad plateau (Delta t/t similar to 1) during the first few hundred seconds after the gamma-ray event. We investigate the multiwavelength spectral and timing properties of the afterglow, and we suggest that the behaviour at early times is compatible with an energy injection by a newly born magnetar with a period of a few tenths of a millisecond, which keeps the forward shock refreshed over this short interval by irradiation. Reverse shock emission is not observed. Its suppression might be due to GRB ejecta being permeated by high magnetic fields, as expected for outflows powered by a magnetar. Finally, the multiwavelength study allows a determination of the burst redshift, z = 1.56. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP De Pasquale, M (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mdp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 4 BP 1638 EP 1646 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11724.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172IS UT WOS:000246798200025 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, RA Shenoy, GK Chisholm, MF Tien, LC Norton, D Pearton, S AF Rosenberg, Richard A. Shenoy, Gopal K. Chisholm, Matthew F. Tien, Li-Chia Norton, David Pearton, Steven TI Getting to the core of the problem: Origin of the luminescence from (Mg,Zn)O heterostructured nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; CUBIC MGXZN1-XO; ZNO; GROWTH; MGO; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB We have measured the time-resolved, X-ray excited optical luminescence spectra from two types of MgxZn(1-x)O core-shell, heterostructured nanowires: type I, with a small x, wurtzite core, encased in a larger x, wurtzite sheath; and type II, with a wurtzite core (x similar to 0), encased in a rock-salt sheath (x > 0.62). By monitoring the X-ray energy dependence of the various luminescence peaks, we have determined the local environment of the sites where these peaks originate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rosenberg, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rar@aps.anl.gov RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012; Tien, Li-Chia/G-1117-2010 OI Tien, Li-Chia/0000-0002-3398-4806 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1525 DI 10.1021/nl0702923 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177XW UT WOS:000247186800016 PM 17530910 ER PT J AU Deslippe, J Spataru, CD Prendergast, D Louie, SG AF Deslippe, Jack Spataru, Catalin D. Prendergast, David Louie, Steven G. TI Bound excitons in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; BAND-GAPS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SPECTRA; TUBULES; STATE AB We extend previous ab initio calculations on excitonic effects in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes to more experimentally realizable larger diameter tubes. Our calculations predict bound exciton states in both the (10,10) and (12,0) tubes with binding energies of approximately 50 meV providing experimentally verifiable changes to the absorption line shape in each case. The second and third van Hove singularities in the joint density of states also give rise to a single optically active bound or resonant excitonic state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Louie, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sglouie@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Prendergast, David/E-4437-2010 NR 23 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1626 EP 1630 DI 10.1021/nl070577f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177XW UT WOS:000247186800035 PM 17508770 ER PT J AU Luther, JM Beard, MC Song, Q Law, M Ellingson, RJ Nozik, AJ AF Luther, Joseph M. Beard, Matthew C. Song, Qing Law, Matt Ellingson, Randy J. Nozik, Arthur J. TI Multiple exciton generation in films of electronically coupled PbSe quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARGE SEPARATION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; COLLOIDAL PBSE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; SOLIDS AB We study multiple exciton generation (MEG) in electronically coupled films of PbSe quantum dots (QDs) employing ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the MEG efficiency in PbSe does not decrease when the QDs are treated with hydrazine, which has been shown to greatly enhance carrier transport in PbSe QD films by decreasing the interdot distance. The quantum yield is measured and compared to previously reported values for electronically isolated QDs suspended in organic solvents at similar to 4 and 4.5 times the effective band gap. A slightly modified analysis is applied to extract the MEG efficiency and the absorption cross section of each sample at the pump wavelength. We compare the absorption cross sections of our samples to that of bulk PbSe. We find that both the biexciton lifetime and the absorption cross section increase in films relative to isolated QDs in solution. C1 Chem & Biosci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Luther, JM (reprint author), Chem & Biosci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joseph_luther@nrel.gov; matt_beard@nrel.gov; arthur_nozik@nrel.gov RI Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 NR 33 TC 176 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1779 EP 1784 DI 10.1021/nl0708617 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177XW UT WOS:000247186800060 PM 17530913 ER PT J AU Hu, YX Ge, JP Sun, YG Zhang, TR Yin, YD AF Hu, Yongxing Ge, Jianping Sun, Yugang Zhang, Tierui Yin, Yadong TI A self-templated approach to TiO2 microcapsules SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL PROCESS; HOLLOW MICROSPHERES; GENERALIZED SYNTHESIS; TITANIUM GLYCOLATE; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); OXIDE MICROSPHERES; SPHERES; PARTICLES; SHELL; NANOPARTICLES AB A self-templated approach has been developed for the synthesis of TiO2 microcapsules with tunable size and wall thickness by heating sol-gel derived TiO2 microspheres with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a diethylene glycol (DEG) solution. PAA plays a crucial role in the formation of microcapsules by crosslinking the surface TiO2 nanoparticles and preventing them from dissolution by DEG. Hollow microcapsules form when DEG molecules penetrate the outer layer and remove the core materials by forming soluble titanium glycolate. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yin, YD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM yadong.yin@ucr.edu RI Zhang, Tierui/D-1633-2011; Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; Hu, Yongxing/D-3548-2013; Ge, Jianping /B-4681-2012 OI Zhang, Tierui/0000-0002-7948-9413; Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; Hu, Yongxing/0000-0003-2264-9356; NR 38 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 11 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1832 EP 1836 DI 10.1021/nl0708157 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177XW UT WOS:000247186800070 PM 17497825 ER PT J AU Fan, HY Hartshorn, C Buchheit, T Tallant, D Assink, R Simpson, R Kisse, DJ Lacks, DJ Torquato, S Brinker, CJ AF Fan, Hongyou Hartshorn, Christopher Buchheit, Thomas Tallant, David Assink, Roger Simpson, Regina Kisse, Dave J. Lacks, Daniel J. Torquato, Salvatore Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI Modulus-density scaling behaviour and framework architecture of nanoporous self-assembled silicas SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL STABILITY; AMORPHOUS SILICA; HIGH-PRESSURE; GLASS; ADSORPTION; DEFECTS AB Natural porous materials such as bone, wood and pith evolved to maximize modulus for a given density(1). For these threedimensional cellular solids, modulus scales quadratically with relative density(2,3). But can nanostructuring improve on Nature's designs? Here, we report modulus - density scaling relationships for cubic ( C), hexagonal ( H) and worm-like disordered ( D) nanoporous silicas prepared by surfactant-directed self-assembly. Over the relative density range, 0.5 to 0.65, Young's modulus scales as ( density) n where n((C)) < n((H)) < n((D)) < 2, indicating that nanostructured porous silicas exhibit a structure-specific hierarchy of modulus values D < H < C. Scaling exponents less than 2 emphasize that the moduli are less sensitive to porosity than those of natural cellular solids, which possess extremal moduli based on linear elasticity theory(4). Using molecular modelling and Raman and NMR spectroscopy, we show that uniform nanoscale confinement causes the silica framework of self-assembled silica to contain a higher portion of small, stiff rings than found in other forms of amorphous silica. The nanostructure-specific hierarchy and systematic increase in framework modulus we observe, when decreasing the silica framework thickness below 2 nm, provides a new ability to maximize mechanical properties at a given density needed for nanoporous materials integration(5). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 6 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1038/nmat1913 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 174DX UT WOS:000246922500015 PM 17515915 ER PT J AU Mavromatis, K Ivanova, N Barry, K Shapiro, H Goltsman, E McHardy, AC Rigoutsos, I Salamov, A Korzeniewski, F Land, M Lapidus, A Grigoriev, I Richardson, P Hugenholtz, P Kyrpides, NC AF Mavromatis, Konstantinos Ivanova, Natalia Barry, Kerrie Shapiro, Harris Goltsman, Eugene McHardy, Alice C. Rigoutsos, Isidore Salamov, Asaf Korzeniewski, Frank Land, Miriam Lapidus, Alla Grigoriev, Igor Richardson, Paul Hugenholtz, Philip Kyrpides, Nikos C. TI Use of simulated data sets to evaluate the fidelity of metagenomic processing methods SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL GENOMES; METABOLISM; BACTERIUM; SEQUENCES; SIGNATURE AB Metagenomics is a rapidly emerging field of research for studying microbial communities. To evaluate methods presently used to process metagenomic sequences, we constructed three simulated data sets of varying complexity by combining sequencing reads randomly selected from 113 isolate genomes. These data sets were designed to model real metagenomes in terms of complexity and phylogenetic composition. We assembled sampled reads using three commonly used genome assemblers (Phrap, Arachne and JAZZ), and predicted genes using two popular gene-finding pipelines (fgenesb and CRITICA/GLIMMER). The phylogenetic origins of the assembled contigs were predicted using one sequence similarity-based ( blast hit distribution) and two sequence composition-based (PhyloPythia, oligonucleotide frequencies) binning methods. We explored the effects of the simulated community structure and method combinations on the fidelity of each processing step by comparison to the corresponding isolate genomes. The simulated data sets are available online to facilitate standardized benchmarking of tools for metagenomic analysis. C1 DOE, JGI, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Bioinformat & Pattern Discovery Grp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mavromatis, K (reprint author), DOE, JGI, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM kmavrommatis@lbl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 24 TC 186 Z9 193 U1 5 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD JUN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 6 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1038/nmeth1043 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 174EA UT WOS:000246922900019 PM 17468765 ER PT J AU Ackermann, W Asova, G Ayvazyan, V Azima, A Baboi, N Bahr, J Balandin, V Beutner, B Brandt, A Bolzmann, A Brinkmann, R Brovko, OI Castellano, M Castro, P Catani, L Chiadroni, E Choroba, S Cianchi, A Costello, JT Cubaynes, D Dardis, J Decking, W Delsim-Hashemi, H Delserieys, A Di Pirro, G Dohlus, M Dusterer, S Eckhardt, A Edwards, HT Faatz, B Feldhaus, J Flottmann, K Frisch, J Frohlich, L Garvey, T Gensch, U Gerth, C Gorler, M Golubeva, N Grabosch, HJ Grecki, M Grimm, O Hacker, K Hahn, U Han, JH Honkavaara, K Hott, T Huning, M Ivanisenko, Y Jaeschke, E Jalmuzna, W Jezynski, T Kammering, R Katalev, V Kavanagh, K Kennedy, ET Khodyachykh, S Klose, K Kocharyan, V Korfer, M Kollewe, M Koprek, W Korepanov, S Kostin, D Krassilnikov, M Kube, G Kuhlmann, M Lewis, CLS Lilje, L Limberg, T Lipka, D Lohl, F Luna, H Luong, M Martins, M Meyer, M Michelato, P Miltchev, V Moller, WD Monaco, L Muller, WFO Napieralski, A Napoly, O Nicolosi, P Nolle, D Nunez, T Oppelt, A Pagani, C Paparella, R Pchalek, N Pedregosa-Gutierrez, J Petersen, B Petrosyan, B Petrosyan, G Petrosyan, L Pfluger, J Plonjes, E Poletto, L Pozniak, K Prat, E Proch, D Pucyk, P Radcliffe, P Redlin, H Rehlich, K Richter, M Roehrs, M Roensch, J Romaniuk, R Ross, M Rossbach, J Rybnikov, V Sachwitz, M Saldin, EL Sandner, W Schlarb, H Schmidt, B Schmitz, M Schmuser, P Schneider, JR Schneidmiller, EA Schnepp, S Schreiber, S Seidel, M Sertore, D Shabunov, AV Simon, C Simrock, S Sombrowski, E Sorokin, AA Spanknebel, P Spesyvtsev, R Staykov, L Steffen, B Stephan, F Stulle, F Thom, H Tiedtke, K Tischer, M Toleikis, S Treusch, R Trines, D Tsakov, I Vogel, E Weiland, T Weise, H Wellhoffer, M Wendt, M Will, I Winter, A Wittenburg, K Wurth, W Yeates, P Yurkov, MV Zagorodnov, I Zapfe, K AF Ackermann, W. Asova, G. Ayvazyan, V. Azima, A. Baboi, N. Baehr, J. Balandin, V. Beutner, B. Brandt, A. Bolzmann, A. Brinkmann, R. Brovko, O. I. Castellano, M. Castro, P. Catani, L. Chiadroni, E. Choroba, S. Cianchi, A. Costello, J. T. Cubaynes, D. Dardis, J. Decking, W. Delsim-Hashemi, H. Delserieys, A. Di Pirro, G. Dohlus, M. Duesterer, S. Eckhardt, A. Edwards, H. T. Faatz, B. Feldhaus, J. Floettmann, K. Frisch, J. Froehlich, L. Garvey, T. Gensch, U. Gerth, Ch. Goerler, M. Golubeva, N. Grabosch, H.-J. Grecki, M. Grimm, O. Hacker, K. Hahn, U. Han, J. H. Honkavaara, K. Hott, T. Huening, M. Ivanisenko, Y. Jaeschke, E. Jalmuzna, W. Jezynski, T. Kammering, R. Katalev, V. Kavanagh, K. Kennedy, E. T. Khodyachykh, S. Klose, K. Kocharyan, V. Koerfer, M. Kollewe, M. Koprek, W. Korepanov, S. Kostin, D. Krassilnikov, M. Kube, G. Kuhlmann, M. Lewis, C. L. S. Lilje, L. Limberg, T. Lipka, D. Loehl, F. Luna, H. Luong, M. Martins, M. Meyer, M. Michelato, P. Miltchev, V. Moeller, W. D. Monaco, L. Mueller, W. F. O. Napieralski, Andrzej Napoly, O. Nicolosi, P. Noelle, D. Nunez, T. Oppelt, A. Pagani, C. Paparella, R. Pchalek, N. Pedregosa-Gutierrez, J. Petersen, B. Petrosyan, B. Petrosyan, G. Petrosyan, L. Pflueger, J. Ploenjes, E. Poletto, L. Pozniak, K. Prat, E. Proch, D. Pucyk, P. Radcliffe, P. Redlin, H. Rehlich, K. Richter, M. Roehrs, M. Roensch, J. Romaniuk, R. Ross, M. Rossbach, J. Rybnikov, V. Sachwitz, M. Saldin, E. L. Sandner, W. Schlarb, H. Schmidt, B. Schmitz, M. Schmueser, P. Schneider, J. R. Schneidmiller, E. A. Schnepp, S. Schreiber, S. Seidel, M. Sertore, D. Shabunov, A. V. Simon, C. Simrock, S. Sombrowski, E. Sorokin, A. A. Spanknebel, P. Spesyvtsev, R. Staykov, L. Steffen, B. Stephan, F. Stulle, F. Thom, H. Tiedtke, K. Tischer, M. Toleikis, S. Treusch, R. Trines, D. Tsakov, I. Vogel, E. Weiland, T. Weise, H. Wellhoeffer, M. Wendt, M. Will, I. Winter, A. Wittenburg, K. Wurth, W. Yeates, P. Yurkov, M. V. Zagorodnov, I. Zapfe, K. TI Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID TESLA-TEST-FACILITY; HARMONIC-GENERATION; RARE-GASES; SASE FEL; RADIATION; GAIN; PULSES; BEAM; DESY; DIAGNOSTICS AB We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 mu J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 mJ. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples. C1 DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst TEMF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theor Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. INFN Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Dublin City Univ, Natl Ctr Plasma Sci & Technol, Dublin 9, Ireland. Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LIXAM, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Queens Univ Belfast, Int Res Ctr Expt Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Kharkov Natl Univ, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect syst, Warsaw, Poland. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. INFN Milano, LASA, I-20090 Segrate, MI, Italy. Univ Padua, CNR, INFM, Dept Informat Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Max Born Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RAS, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Yurkov, MV (reprint author), DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. EM mikhail.yurkov@desy.de RI Schnepp, Sascha/A-6214-2010; Richter, Mathias/A-2995-2011; Romaniuk, Ryszard/B-9140-2011; Cianchi, Alessandro/H-1493-2012; Feldhaus, Josef/C-1130-2014; Spesyvtsev, Roman/O-5029-2014; Treusch, Rolf/C-3935-2015; Cianchi, Alessandro/A-9581-2016; Asova, Galina/C-8639-2012; Napieralski, Andrzej/M-1621-2016; OI Schnepp, Sascha/0000-0002-5352-4911; Chiadroni, Enrica/0000-0003-0350-8590; Costello, John/0000-0003-4677-9999; Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029; Treusch, Rolf/0000-0001-8479-8862; Simrock, Stefan/0000-0002-1116-5316; Romaniuk, Ryszard/0000-0002-5710-4041; Spesyvtsev, Roman/0000-0003-3911-4470; Cianchi, Alessandro/0000-0002-9631-2505; Asova, Galina/0000-0002-9724-5447; Napieralski, Andrzej/0000-0002-3844-3435; Di Pirro, Giampiero/0000-0002-3004-0754; Castellano, Michele/0000-0001-6230-5473 NR 40 TC 808 Z9 815 U1 23 U2 159 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 6 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.76 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 180EG UT WOS:000247344500011 ER PT J AU Ullrich, R AF Ullrich, Rebecca TI Gatekeeper to Los Alamos: Dorothy Scarritt McKibbin, a biography of a great lad of Santa Fe SO NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ullrich, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1013 MESA VISTA HALL, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1186 USA SN 0028-6206 J9 NEW MEX HIST REV JI N. M. Hist. Rev. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 407 EP 408 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 204SG UT WOS:000249063700013 ER PT J AU Il Chang, Y AF Il Chang, Yoon TI Technical rationale for metal fuel in fast reactors SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fast reactor; metal fuel; inherent safety; pyroprocessing ID INTEGRAL FAST-REACTOR AB Metal fuel, which was abandoned in the 1960's in favor of oxide fuel, has since then proven to be a viable fast reactor fuel. Key discoveries allowed high burnup capability and excellent steady-state as well as off-normal performance characteristics. Metal fuel is a key to achieving inherent passive safety characteristics and compact and economic fuel cycle closure based on electrorefining and injection-casting refabrication. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Il Chang, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM YChang@anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA 150 DEOKJIN-DONG, YUSEONG-GU, DAEJEON, 305-353, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 298BB UT WOS:000255660100001 ER PT J AU Donne, AJH Costley, AE Barnsley, R Bindslev, H Boivin, R Conway, G Fisher, R Giannella, R Hartfuss, H von Hellermann, MG Hodgson, E Ingesson, LC Itami, K Johnson, D Kawano, Y Kondoh, T Krasilnikov, A Kusama, Y Litnovsky, A Lotte, P Nielsen, P Nishitani, T Orsitto, F Peterson, BJ Razdobarin, G Sanchez, J Sasao, M Sugie, T Vayakis, G Voitsenya, V Vukolov, K Walker, C Young, K AF Donne, A. J. H. Costley, A. E. Barnsley, R. Bindslev, H. Boivin, R. Conway, G. Fisher, R. Giannella, R. Hartfuss, H. von Hellermann, M. G. Hodgson, E. Ingesson, L. C. Itami, K. Johnson, D. Kawano, Y. Kondoh, T. Krasilnikov, A. Kusama, Y. Litnovsky, A. Lotte, P. Nielsen, P. Nishitani, T. Orsitto, F. Peterson, B. J. Razdobarin, G. Sanchez, J. Sasao, M. Sugie, T. Vayakis, G. Voitsenya, V. Vukolov, K. Walker, C. Young, K. CA ITPA Topical Grp Diagnostics TI Chapter 7: Diagnostics SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR; COLLECTIVE THOMSON SCATTERING; DENSITY PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; BURNING PLASMA-EXPERIMENTS; MINERAL-INSULATED CABLES; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; INDUCED THERMOELECTRIC SENSITIVITY; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS; ANTIFERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; HYBRID LAYER REFLECTOMETRY AB In order to support the operation of ITER and the planned experimental programme an extensive set of plasma and first wall measurements will be required. The number and type of required measurements will be similar to those made on the present-day large tokamaks while the specification of the measurements-time and spatial resolutions, etc-will in some cases be more stringent. Many of the measurements will be used in the real time control of the plasma driving a requirement for very high reliability in the systems (diagnostics) that provide the measurements. The implementation of diagnostic systems on ITER is a substantial challenge. Because of the harsh environment (high levels of neutron and gamma fluxes, neutron heating, particle bombardment) diagnostic system selection and design has to cope with a range of phenomena not previously encountered in diagnostic design. Extensive design and R&D is needed to prepare the systems. In some cases the environmental difficulties are so severe that new diagnostic techniques are required. The starting point in the development of diagnostics for ITER is to define the measurement requirements and develop their justification. It is necessary to include all the plasma parameters needed to support the basic and advanced operation (including active control) of the device, machine protection and also those needed to support the physics programme. Once the requirements are defined, the appropriate (combination of) diagnostic techniques can be selected and their implementation onto the tokamak can be developed. The selected list of diagnostics is an important guideline for identifying dedicated research and development needs in the area of ITER diagnostics. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the field of ITER diagnostics with emphasis on the implementation issues. After a discussion of the measurement requirements for plasma parameters in ITER and their justifications, recent progress in the field of diagnostics to measure a selected set of plasma parameters is presented. The integration of the various diagnostic systems onto the ITER tokamak is described. Generic research and development in the field of irradiation effects on materials and environmental effects on first mirrors are briefly presented. The paper ends with an assessment of the measurement capability for ITER and a forward of what will be gained from operation of the various diagnostic systems on ITER in preparation for the machines that will follow ITER. C1 EURATOM, FOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. ITER Cadarche JWS, Cadarche Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM Ris Natl Lab, Roskilde 4000, Denmark. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Directorate Gen Res, European Commiss, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EURATOM, CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid 28040, Spain. EFDA CSU Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc FZJ, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. CEN Cadarache, DSM DRFC, EURATOM Assoc CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, ENEA sulla Fus, Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. ENEA, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Kurchatov Inst, RRC, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Donne, AJH (reprint author), EURATOM, FOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EM donne@rijnh.nl NR 303 TC 192 Z9 191 U1 4 U2 53 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP S337 EP S384 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S07 PG 48 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900008 ER PT J AU Doyle, EJ Houlberg, WA Kamada, Y Mukhovatov, V Osborne, TH Polevoi, A Bateman, G Connor, JW Cordey, JG Fujita, T Garbet, X Hahm, TS Horton, LD Hubbard, AE Imbeaux, F Jenko, F Kinsey, JE Kishimoto, Y Li, J Luce, TC Martin, Y Ossipenko, M Parail, V Peeters, A Rhodes, TL Rice, JE Roach, CM Rozhansky, V Ryter, F Saibene, G Sartori, R Sips, ACC Snipes, JA Sugihara, M Synakowski, EJ Takenaga, H Takizuka, T Thomsen, K Wade, MR Wilson, HR AF Doyle, E. J. Houlberg, W. A. Kamada, Y. Mukhovatov, V. Osborne, T. H. Polevoi, A. Bateman, G. Connor, J. W. Cordey, J. G. Fujita, T. Garbet, X. Hahm, T. S. Horton, L. D. Hubbard, A. E. Imbeaux, F. Jenko, F. Kinsey, J. E. Kishimoto, Y. Li, J. Luce, T. C. Martin, Y. Ossipenko, M. Parail, V. Peeters, A. Rhodes, T. L. Rice, J. E. Roach, C. M. Rozhansky, V. Ryter, F. Saibene, G. Sartori, R. Sips, A. C. C. Snipes, J. A. Sugihara, M. Synakowski, E. J. Takenaga, H. Takizuka, T. Thomsen, K. Wade, M. R. Wilson, H. R. CA ITPA Transport Phys Topical Grp ITPA Confinement Database Modellin ITPA Pedestal Edge Topical Grp TI Chapter 2: Plasma confinement and transport SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ION-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; L-H TRANSITION; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT; EDGE-LOCALIZED MODES; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE DISCHARGES; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR AB The understanding and predictive capability of transport physics and plasma confinement is reviewed from the perspective of achieving reactor-scale burning plasmas in the ITER tokamak, for both core and edge plasma regions. Very considerable progress has been made in understanding, controlling and predicting tokamak transport across a wide variety of plasma conditions and regimes since the publication of the ITER Physics Basis (IPB) document (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137-2664). Major areas of progress considered here follow. (1) Substantial improvement in the physics content, capability and reliability of transport simulation and modelling codes, leading to much increased theory/experiment interaction as these codes are increasingly used to interpret and predict experiment. (2) Remarkable progress has been made in developing and understanding regimes of improved core confinement. Internal transport barriers and other forms of reduced core transport are now routinely obtained in all the leading tokamak devices worldwide. (3) The importance of controlling the H-mode edge pedestal is now generally recognized. Substantial progress has been made in extending high confinement H-mode operation to the Greenwald density, the demonstration of Type I ELM mitigation and control techniques and systematic explanation of Type I ELM stability. Theory-based predictive capability has also shown progress by integrating the plasma and neutral transport with MHD stability. (4) Transport projections to ITER are now made using three complementary approaches: empirical or global scaling, theory-based transport modelling and dimensionless parameter scaling (previously, empirical scaling was the dominant approach). For the ITER base case or the reference scenario of conventional ELMy H-mode operation, all three techniques predict that ITER will have sufficient confinement to meet its design target of Q = 10 operation, within similar uncertainties. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, PSTI, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Ku, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Assoc Euratom CEA, Ctr Etud Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Uji, Japan. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. European Fus Dev Agreement Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Houlberg, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM houlbergwa@ornl.gov RI Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; Roach, Colin/C-4839-2011; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013 NR 718 TC 320 Z9 323 U1 12 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S18 EP S127 PG 110 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900003 ER PT J AU Fasoli, A Gormenzano, C Berk, HL Breizman, B Briguglio, S Darrow, DS Gorelenkov, N Heidbrink, WW Jaun, A Konovalov, SV Nazikian, R Noterdaeme, JM Sharapov, S Shinohara, K Testa, D Tobita, K Todo, Y Vlad, G Zonca, F AF Fasoli, A. Gormenzano, C. Berk, H. L. Breizman, B. Briguglio, S. Darrow, D. S. Gorelenkov, N. Heidbrink, W. W. Jaun, A. Konovalov, S. V. Nazikian, R. Noterdaeme, J.-M. Sharapov, S. Shinohara, K. Testa, D. Tobita, K. Todo, Y. Vlad, G. Zonca, F. TI Chapter 5: Physics of energetic ions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; PARTICLE-DRIVEN INSTABILITIES; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; LARGE HELICAL DEVICE AB This chapter reviews the progress accomplished since the redaction of the first ITER Physics Basis (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137-664) in the field of energetic ion physics and its possible impact on burning plasma regimes. New schemes to create energetic ions simulating the fusion-produced alphas are introduced, accessing experimental conditions of direct relevance for burning plasmas, in terms of the Alfvenic Mach number and of the normalised pressure gradient of the energetic ions, though orbit characteristics and size cannot always match those of ITER. Based on the experimental and theoretical knowledge of the effects of the toroidal magnetic field ripple on direct fast ion losses, ferritic inserts in ITER are expected to provide a significant reduction of ripple alpha losses in reversed shear configurations. The nonlinear fast ion interaction with kink and tearing modes is qualitatively understood, but quantitative predictions are missing, particularly for the stabilisation of sawteeth by fast particles that can trigger neoclassical tearing modes. A large database on the linear stability properties of the modes interacting with energetic ions, such as the Alfven eigenmode has been constructed. Comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of mode structures and drive/damping rates approach a satisfactory degree of consistency, though systematic measurements and theory comparisons of damping and drive of intermediate and high mode numbers, the most relevant for ITER, still need to be performed. The nonlinear behaviour of Alfven eigenmodes close to marginal stability is well characterized theoretically and experimentally, which gives the opportunity to extract some information on the particle phase space distribution from the measured instability spectral features. Much less data exists for strongly unstable scenarios, characterised by nonlinear dynamical processes leading to energetic ion redistribution and losses, and identified in nonlinear numerical simulations of Alfven eigenmodes and energetic particle modes. Comparisons with theoretical and numerical analyses are needed to assess the potential implications of these regimes on burning plasma scenarios, including in the presence of a large number of modes simultaneously driven unstable by the fast ions. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Frascati, Italy. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. Univ Ghent, EESA Dept, Ghent, Belgium. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. RP Fasoli, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM ambrogio.fasoli@epfl.ch RI Todo, Yasushi/E-7525-2013; Zonca, Fulvio/I-8236-2016 OI Todo, Yasushi/0000-0001-9323-8285; Zonca, Fulvio/0000-0002-9270-4704 NR 210 TC 234 Z9 236 U1 9 U2 59 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S264 EP S284 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S05 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900006 ER PT J AU Gormezano, C Sips, ACC Luce, TC Ide, S Becoulet, A Litaudon, X Isayama, A Hobirk, J Wade, MR Oikawa, T Prater, R Zvonkov, A Lloyd, B Suzuki, T Barbato, E Bonoli, P Phillips, CK Vdovin, V Joffrin, E Casper, T Ferron, J Mazon, D Moreau, D Bundy, R Kessel, C Fukuyama, A Hayashi, N Imbeaux, F Murakami, M Polevoi, AR St John, HE AF Gormezano, C. Sips, A. C. C. Luce, T. C. Ide, S. Becoulet, A. Litaudon, X. Isayama, A. Hobirk, J. Wade, M. R. Oikawa, T. Prater, R. Zvonkov, A. Lloyd, B. Suzuki, T. Barbato, E. Bonoli, P. Phillips, C. K. Vdovin, V. Joffrin, E. Casper, T. Ferron, J. Mazon, D. Moreau, D. Bundy, R. Kessel, C. Fukuyama, A. Hayashi, N. Imbeaux, F. Murakami, M. Polevoi, A. R. St John, H. E. TI Chapter 6: Steady state operation SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID ALCATOR C-MOD; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON WAVES; HYBRID CURRENT DRIVE; DIII-D TOKAMAK; INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; HIGH-PERFORMANCE DISCHARGES; NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; TOROIDAL PLASMA ROTATION AB Significant progress has been made in the area of advanced modes of operation that are candidates for achieving steady state conditions in a fusion reactor. The corresponding parameters, domain of operation, scenarios and integration issues of advanced scenarios are discussed in this chapter. A review of the presently developed scenarios, including discussions on operational space, is given. Significant progress has been made in the domain of heating and current drive in recent years, especially in the domain of off-axis current drive, which is essential for the achievement of the required current profile. The actuators for heating and current drive that are necessary to produce and control the advanced tokamak discharges are discussed, including modelling and predictions for ITER. The specific control issues for steady state operation are discussed, including the already existing experimental results as well as the various strategies and needs (q psi profile control and temperature gradients). Achievable parameters for the ITER steady state and hybrid scenarios with foreseen heating and current drive systems are discussed using modelling including actuators, allowing an assessment of achievable current profiles. Finally, a summary is given in the last section including outstanding issues and recommendations for further research and development. C1 ENEA Frascati Energy Res Ctr, Frascati, Italy. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EURATOM, CEA Cadarche, St Paul Les Durance, France. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow 123128, Russia. UKAEA Euratom Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068317, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ITER Naka JWS, IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Sips, ACC (reprint author), ENEA Frascati Energy Res Ctr, Frascati, Italy. EM ccs@ipp.mpg.de RI Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013 NR 334 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 35 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S285 EP S336 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S06 PG 52 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900007 ER PT J AU Gribov, Y Humphreys, D Kajiwara, K Lazarus, EA Lister, JB Ozeki, T Portone, A Shimada, M Sips, ACC Wesley, JC AF Gribov, Y. Humphreys, D. Kajiwara, K. Lazarus, E. A. Lister, J. B. Ozeki, T. Portone, A. Shimada, M. Sips, A. C. C. Wesley, J. C. TI Chapter 8: Plasma operation and control SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS; HEATING ASSISTED STARTUP; STEADY-STATE OPERATION; DINA CODE SIMULATIONS; REAL-TIME CONTROL; DIII-D DISCHARGES; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; ASDEX-UPGRADE; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSE; TOKAMAK DISCHARGE AB The ITER plasma control system has the same functional scope as the control systems in present tokamaks. These are plasma operation scenario sequencing, plasma basic control (magnetic and kinetic), plasma advanced control (control of RWMs, NTMs, ELMs, error fields, etc) and plasma fast shutdown. This chapter considers only plasma initiation and plasma basic control. This chapter describes the progress achieved in these areas in the tokamak experiments since the ITER Physics Basis (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2577) was written and the results of assessment of ITER to provide the plasma initiation and basic control. This assessment was done for the present ITER design (15 MA machine) at a more detailed level than it was done for the ITER design 1998 (21 MA machine) described in the ITER Physics Basis (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2577). The experiments on plasma initiation performed in DIII-D and JT-60U, as well as the theoretical studies performed for ITER, have demonstrated that, within specified assumptions on the plasma confinement and the impurity influx, ITER can produce plasma initiation in a low toroidal electric field (0.3 V m(-1)). if it is assisted by about 2 MW of ECRF heating. The plasma basic control includes control of the plasma current, position and shape-the plasma magnetic control, as well as control of other plasma global parameters or their profiles-the plasma performance control. The magnetic control is based on more reliable and simpler models of the control objects than those available at present for the plasma kinetic control. Moreover the real time diaonostics used for the magnetic control in many cases are more precise than those used for the kinetic control. Because of these reasons, the plasma magnetic control was developed for modern tokamaks and assessed for ITER better than the kinetic control. However, significant progress has been achieved in the plasma performance control during the last few years. Although the physics basis of plasma operation and control is similar in ITER and present tokamaks, there is a principal qualitative difference. To minimize its cost, ITER has been designed with small margins in many plasma and engineering parameters. These small margins result in a significantly narrower operational space compared with present tokamaks. Furthermore, ITER operation is expensive and component damage resulting from purely operational errors might lead to a high and avoidable repair cost. These factors make it judicious to use validated plasma diagnostics and employ simulators to 'pre-test' the combined ITER operation and control systems. Understanding of how to do this type of pre-test validation is now developed in present day experiments. This research push should provide us with fully functional simulators before the first ITER operation. C1 ITER Org, Cadarache Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. FDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Gribov, Y (reprint author), ITER Org, Cadarache Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM Yuri.Gribov@iter.org NR 97 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 17 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S385 EP S403 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S08 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900009 ER PT J AU Hender, TC Wesley, JC Bialek, J Bondeson, A Boozer, AH Buttery, RJ Garofalo, A Goodman, TP Granetz, RS Gribov, Y Gruber, O Gryaznevich, M Giruzzi, G Gunter, S Hayashi, N Helander, P Hegna, CC Howell, DF Humphreys, DA Huysmans, GTA Hyatt, AW Isayama, A Jardin, SC Kawano, Y Kellman, A Kessel, C Koslowski, HR La Haye, RJ Lazzaro, E Liu, YQ Lukash, V Manickam, J Medvedev, S Mertens, V Mirnov, SV Nakamura, Y Navratil, G Okabayashi, M Ozeki, T Paccagnella, R Pautasso, G Porcelli, F Pustovitov, VD Riccardo, V Sato, M Sauter, O Schaffer, MJ Shimada, M Sonato, P Strait, EJ Sugihara, M Takechi, M Turnbull, AD Westerhof, E Whyte, DG Yoshino, R Zohm, H AF Hender, T. C. Wesley, J. C. Bialek, J. Bondeson, A. Boozer, A. H. Buttery, R. J. Garofalo, A. Goodman, T. P. Granetz, R. S. Gribov, Y. Gruber, O. Gryaznevich, M. Giruzzi, G. Guenter, S. Hayashi, N. Helander, P. Hegna, C. C. Howell, D. F. Humphreys, D. A. Huysmans, G. T. A. Hyatt, A. W. Isayama, A. Jardin, S. C. Kawano, Y. Kellman, A. Kessel, C. Koslowski, H. R. La Haye, R. J. Lazzaro, E. Liu, Y. Q. Lukash, V. Manickam, J. Medvedev, S. Mertens, V. Mirnov, S. V. Nakamura, Y. Navratil, G. Okabayashi, M. Ozeki, T. Paccagnella, R. Pautasso, G. Porcelli, F. Pustovitov, V. D. Riccardo, V. Sato, M. Sauter, O. Schaffer, M. J. Shimada, M. Sonato, P. Strait, E. J. Sugihara, M. Takechi, M. Turnbull, A. D. Westerhof, E. Whyte, D. G. Yoshino, R. Zohm, H. CA ITPA MHD, Disruption Magnetic Cont TI Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; RESISTIVE WALL MODES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT EVENTS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE DISCHARGES; INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; NEGATIVE CENTRAL SHEAR; HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; ACTIVE FEEDBACK STABILIZATION AB Progress in the area of MHD stability and disruptions, since the publication of the 1999 ITER Physics Basis document (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137-2664), is reviewed. Recent theoretical and experimental research has made important advances in both understanding and control of MHD stability in tokamak plasmas. Sawteeth are anticipated in the ITER baseline ELMy H-mode scenario, but the tools exist to avoid or control them through localized current drive or fast ion generation. Active control of other MHD instabilities will most likely be also required in ITER. Extrapolation from existing experiments indicates that stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes by highly localized feedback-controlled current drive should be possible in ITER. Resistive wall modes are a key issue for advanced scenarios, but again, existing experiments indicate that these modes can be stabilized by a combination of plasma rotation and direct feedback control with non-axisymmetric coils. Reduction of error fields is a requirement for avoiding non-rotating magnetic island formation and for maintaining plasma rotation to help stabilize resistive wall modes. Recent experiments have shown the feasibility of reducing error fields to an acceptable level by means of non-axisymmetric coils, possibly controlled by feedback. The MHD stability limits associated with advanced scenarios are becoming well understood theoretically, and can be extended by tailoring of the pressure and current density profiles as well as by other techniques mentioned here. There have been significant advances also in the control of disruptions, most notably by injection of massive quantities of gas, leading to reduced halo current fractions and a larger fraction of the total thermal and magnetic energy dissipated by radiation. These advances in disruption control are supported by the development of means to predict impending disruption, most notably using neural networks. In addition to these advances in means to control or ameliorate the consequences of MHD instabilities, there has been significant progress in improving physics understanding and modelling. This progress has been in areas including the mechanisms governing NTM growth and seeding, in understanding the damping controlling RWM stability and in modelling RWM feedback schemes. For disruptions there has been continued progress on the instability mechanisms that underlie various classes of disruption, on the detailed modelling of halo currents and forces and in refining predictions of quench rates and disruption power loads. Overall the studies reviewed in this chapter demonstrate that MHD instabilities can be controlled, avoided or ameliorated to the extent that they should not compromise ITER operation, though they will necessarily impose a range of constraints. C1 EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Chalmers, EURATOM VR Fus Assoc, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CEN Cadarache, ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Assoc Euratom CEA, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Ku, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Assoc EURATOM FZ Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, Trilateral Eurogio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Assoc Euratom ENEA CNR, IFP CNR, Milan, Italy. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow, Russia. Keldysh Inst Appl Math, Moscow, Russia. State Res Ctr TRINITI, Moscow 142190, Russia. Assoc Euratom ENEA, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. Politecn Torino, Burning Plasma Res Grp, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rjinhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Hender, TC (reprint author), EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM tim.hender@ukaea.org.uk RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Westerhof, Egbert/H-8730-2013; Medvedev, Sergey/C-3492-2016; OI Westerhof, Egbert/0000-0002-0749-9399; Medvedev, Sergey/0000-0002-9358-9402; Porcelli, Francesco/0000-0002-3625-6417 NR 418 TC 431 Z9 433 U1 13 U2 113 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S128 EP S202 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S03 PG 75 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900004 ER PT J AU Loarte, A Lipschultz, B Kukushkin, AS Matthews, GF Stangeby, PC Asakura, N Counsell, GF Federici, G Kallenbach, A Krieger, K Mahdavi, A Philipps, V Reiter, D Roth, J Strachan, J Whyte, D Doerner, R Eich, T Fundamenski, W Herrmann, A Fenstermacher, M Ghendrih, P Groth, M Kirschner, A Konoshima, S LaBombard, B Lang, P Leonard, AW Monier-Garbet, P Neu, R Pacher, H Pegourie, B Pitts, RA Takamura, S Terry, J Tsitrone, E AF Loarte, A. Lipschultz, B. Kukushkin, A. S. Matthews, G. F. Stangeby, P. C. Asakura, N. Counsell, G. F. Federici, G. Kallenbach, A. Krieger, K. Mahdavi, A. Philipps, V. Reiter, D. Roth, J. Strachan, J. Whyte, D. Doerner, R. Eich, T. Fundamenski, W. Herrmann, A. Fenstermacher, M. Ghendrih, P. Groth, M. Kirschner, A. Konoshima, S. LaBombard, B. Lang, P. Leonard, A. W. Monier-Garbet, P. Neu, R. Pacher, H. Pegourie, B. Pitts, R. A. Takamura, S. Terry, J. Tsitrone, E. CA ITPA Scrape-off Layer Divertor Phy TI Chapter 4: Power and particle control SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR-C-MOD; ASDEX UPGRADE DIVERTOR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ELMY H-MODE; PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; SHAPED PUMPED DIVERTOR; EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; HT-7 SUPERCONDUCTING TOKAMAK; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE RETENTION AB Progress, since the ITER Physics Basis publication (ITER Physics Basis Editors et al 1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137-2664), in understanding the processes that will determine the properties of the plasma edge and its interaction with material elements in ITER is described. Experimental areas where significant progress has taken place are energy transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) in particular of the anomalous transport scaling, particle transport in the SOL that plays a major role in the interaction of diverted plasmas with the main-chamber material elements, edge localized mode (ELM) energy deposition on material elements and the transport mechanism for the ELM energy from the main plasma to the plasma facing components, the physics of plasma detachment and neutral dynamics including the edge density profile structure and the control of plasma particle content and He removal, the erosion of low- and high-Z materials in fusion devices, their transport to the core plasma and their migration at the plasma edge including the formation of mixed materials, the processes determining the size and location of the retention of tritium in fusion devices and methods to remove it and the processes determining the efficiency of the various fuelling methods as well as their development towards the ITER requirements. This experimental progress has been accompanied by the development of modelling tools for the physical processes at the edge plasma and plasma-materials interaction and the further validation of these models by comparing their predictions with the new experimental results. Progress in the modelling development and validation has been mostly concentrated in the following areas: refinement in the predictions for ITER with plasma edge modelling codes by inclusion of detailed geometrical features of the divertor and the introduction of physical effects, which can play a major role in determining the divertor parameters at the divertor for ITER conditions such as hydrogen radiation transport and neutral-neutral collisions, modelling of the ion orbits at the plasma edge, which can play a role in determining power deposition at the divertor target, models for plasma-materials and plasma dynamics interaction during ELMs and disruptions, models for the transport of impurities at the plasma edge to describe the core contamination by impurities and the migration of eroded materials at the edge plasma and its associated tritium retention and models for the turbulent processes that determine the anomalous transport of energy and particles across the SOL. The implications for the expected performance of the reference regimes in ITER, the operation of the ITER device and the lifetime of the plasma facing materials are discussed. C1 European Fus Dev Agreement Close Support Unit Gar, D-85748 Munich, Germany. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. ITER Int Team, D-85748 Munich, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 526, Canada. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Ku, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. DIII D Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EURATOM, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CEN Cadarache, Assoc Euratom CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. INRS Energie Mat & Telecommun, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Loarte, A (reprint author), European Fus Dev Agreement Close Support Unit Gar, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Munich, Germany. EM alberto.loarte@efda.org RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; Lang, Peter/H-2507-2013; Krieger, Karl/F-9762-2014; Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Lang, Peter/0000-0003-1586-8518; Krieger, Karl/0000-0003-0427-8184; Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955 NR 582 TC 426 Z9 429 U1 14 U2 126 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S203 EP S263 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S04 PG 61 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900005 ER PT J AU Mukhovatov, V Shimada, M Lackner, K Campbell, DJ Uckan, NA Wesley, JC Hender, TC Lipschultz, B Loarte, A Stambaugh, RD Goldston, RJ Shimomura, Y Fujiwara, M Nagami, M Pustovitov, VD Zohm, H AF Mukhovatov, V. Shimada, M. Lackner, K. Campbell, D. J. Uckan, N. A. Wesley, J. C. Hender, T. C. Lipschultz, B. Loarte, A. Stambaugh, R. D. Goldston, R. J. Shimomura, Y. Fujiwara, M. Nagami, M. Pustovitov, V. D. Zohm, H. CA ITPA CC Members ITPA Topical grp ITER int TI Chapter 9: ITER contributions for Demo plasma development SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS; STEADY-STATE OPERATION; H-MODE DISCHARGES; DIII-D; ADVANCED TOKAMAK; HIGH-CONFINEMENT; HIGH-DENSITY; PERFORMANCE; JET; PHYSICS AB The chapter summarizes the physics issues of the demonstration toroidal fusion power plant (Demo) that can be addressed by ITER operation. These include burning plasma specific issues, i.e. energetic particle behaviour and plasma self-heating effects, and a broader class of power-plant scale physics issues that cannot be fully resolved in present experiments. A critical issue for Demo is whether MHD and energetic particle modes driven by fast particles will become unstable and affect plasma performance. Self-heating effects are expected to be especially important for control of steady-state plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs) and high bootstrap current fractions. Experimental data from ITER will improve strongly the physics basis of projections to Demo of major plasma parameters such as the energy confinement time, beta and density limits, edge pedestal temperature and density, and thermal loads on in-vessel components caused by ELMs and disruptions. ITER will also serve as a test bed for fusion technology studies, such as power plant plasma diagnostics, heating and current drive systems, plasma facing components, divertor and blanket modules. Finally, ITER is expected to provide benefits for the understanding of burning plasma behaviour in other magnetic confinement schemes. C1 ITER Org, Cadarache Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Mukhovatov, V (reprint author), ITER Org, Cadarache Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM Vladimir.Mukhovatov@iter.org RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 SI SI BP S404 EP S413 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/S09 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 188DS UT WOS:000247899900010 ER PT J AU Simmons, RH Ng, JST AF Simmons, Robert H. Ng, Johnny S. T. TI A toroidal charge monitor for high-energy picosecond electron beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beam charge; toroidal current transformer; absolute calibration ID AIR; FLUORESCENCE AB A monitor system suitable for the accurate measurement of the total charge of a 2-ps 28.5 GeV electron beam over a large dynamic range is described. Systematic uncertainties and results on absolute calibration, resolution, and long-term stability are presented. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ng, JST (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jng@slac.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 575 IS 3 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.03.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 177IM UT WOS:000247146800007 ER PT J AU Abdesselam, A Adkin, PJ Allport, PP Alonso, J Andricek, L Anghinolfi, F Antonov, AA Apsimon, RJ Atkinson, T Batchelor, LE Bates, RL Beck, G Becker, H Bell, P Bell, W Benes, P Bernabeu, J Bethke, S Bizzell, JP Blocki, J Broklova, Z Broz, J Bohm, J Booker, P Bright, G Brodbeck, TJ Bruckman, P Buttari, CM Butterworth, JM Campabadal, F Campbell, D Carpentier, C Carroll, JL Carter, AA Carter, JR Casse, GL Cermak, P Chamizo, M Charlton, DG Cheplakov, A Chesi, E Chilingarov, A Chouridou, S Chren, D Christinet, A Chu, ML Cindro, V Clocio, A Civera, JV Clark, A Colijn, AP Cooke, PA Costa, MJ Costanzo, D Dabrowski, W Danielsen, KM Davies, VR Dawson, I de Jong, P Dervan, P Doherty, F Dolezal, Z Donega, M D'Onofrio, M Dorholt, O Drasal, Z Dowell, JD Duerdoth, IP Duxfield, R Dwuznik, M Easton, JM Eckert, S Eklund, L Escobar, C Fadeyev, V Fasching, D Feld, L Ferguson, DPS Ferrari, P Ferrere, D Fleta, C Fortin, R Foster, JM Fowler, C Fox, H Freestone, J French, RS Fuster, J Gadomski, S Gallop, BJ Garcia, C Garcia-Navarro, JE Gibson, S Gilchriese, MGD Gonzalez, F Gonzalez-Sevilla, S Goodrick, MJ Gorisek, A Gornicki, E Greenall, A Greenfield, D Gregory, S Grigorieva, IG Grillo, AA Grosse-Knetter, J Gryska, C Guipet, A Haber, C Hara, K Hartjes, FG Hauff, D Haywood, SJ Hegeman, SJ Heinzinger, K Hessey, NP Heusch, C Hicheur, A Hill, JC Hodgkinson, M Hodgson, P Horazdovsky, T Hollins, TI Hou, LS Hou, S Hughes, G Huse, T Ibbotson, M Iglesias, M Ikegami, Y Ilyashenko, I Issever, C Jackson, JN Jakobs, K Jared, RC Jarron, P Johansson, P Jones, RWL Jones, TJ Joos, D Joseph, J Jovanovic, P Jusko, O Jusko, V Kaplon, J Kazi, S Ketterer, C Kholodenko, AG King, BT Kodys, P Koffeman, E Kohout, Z Kohriki, T Kondo, T Koperny, S Koukol, H Kral, V Kramberger, G Kubik, P Kudlaty, J Lacasta, C Lagouri, T Lee, SC Leney, K Lenz, S Lester, CG Liebicher, K Limper, M Lindsay, S Linhart, V Llosa, G Loebinger, FK Lozano, M Ludwig, I Ludwig, J Lutz, G Lys, J Maassen, M Macina, D Macpherson, A MacWaters, C Magrath, CA Malecki, P Mandic, I Mangin-Brinet, M Marti-Garcia, S Matheson, JP Matson, RM McMahon, SJ McMahon, TJ Meinhardt, J Mellado, B Melone, JJ Mercer, IJ Messmer, I Mikulec, B Mikuz, M Minano, M Mitsouak, VA Modesto, P Moed, S Mohn, B Moncrieff, S Moorhead, G Morris, FS Morris, J Morrissey, M Moser, HG Moszczynski, A Muijs, AJM Murray, WJ Muskett, D Nacher, J Nagai, K Nakano, I Nickerson, RB Nisius, R Oye, OK O'Shea, V Paganis, E Parker, MA Parzefall, U Pater, JR Peeters, SJM Pellegrini, G Pelleriti, G Pernegger, H Perrin, E Phillips, PW Pilavova, LV Poltorak, K Pospisil, S Postranecky, M Pritchard, T Prokofiev, K Rafi, JM Raine, C Ratoff, PN Reznicek, P Riadovikov, VN Richter, RH Robichaud-Veronneau, A Robinson, D Rodriguez-Oliete, R Roe, S Rudge, A Runge, K Saavedra, A Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, FJ Sandaker, H Saxon, DH Scheirich, D Schieck, J Seiden, A Sfyrla, A Slavicek, T Smith, KM Smith, NA Snow, SW Solar, M Sopko, B Sopko, V Sospedra, L Spencer, E Stanecka, E Stapnes, S Stastny, J Strachko, V Stradling, A Stugu, B Su, DS Sutcliffe, P Szczygiel, R Tanaka, R Taylor, G Teng, PK Terada, S Thompson, RJ Titov, M Toczek, B Tovey, DR Tratzl, G Troitsky, VL Tseng, J Turala, M Turner, PR Tyndel, M Ullan, M Unno, Y Vickey, T Van der Kraaij, E Viehhauser, G Villani, EG Vitek, T Anh, TV Vorobiev, AP Vossebeld, JH Wachler, M Wallny, R Ward, CP Warren, MRM Webel, M Weber, M Weber, M Weidberg, AR Weilhammer, P Wells, PS Wetzel, P Whitley, M Wiesmann, M Wilhelm, I Willenbrock, M Wilmut, I Wilson, JA Winton, J Wolter, M Wormald, MP Wu, SL Wu, X Zhu, H Bingefors, N Brenner, R Ekelof, T AF Abdesselam, A. Adkin, P. J. Allport, P. P. Alonso, J. Andricek, L. Anghinolfi, F. Antonov, A. A. Apsimon, R. J. Atkinson, T. Batchelor, L. E. Bates, R. L. Beck, G. Becker, H. Bell, P. Bell, W. Benes, P. Bernabeu, J. Bethke, S. Bizzell, J. P. Blocki, J. Broklova, Z. Broz, J. Bohm, J. Booker, P. Bright, G. Brodbeck, T. J. Bruckman, P. Buttari, C. M. Butterworth, J. M. Campabadal, F. Campbell, D. Carpentier, C. Carroll, J. L. Carter, A. A. Carter, J. R. Casse, G. L. Cermak, P. Chamizo, M. Charlton, D. G. Cheplakov, A. Chesi, E. Chilingarov, A. Chouridou, S. Chren, D. Christinet, A. Chu, M. L. Cindro, V. Clocio, A. Civera, J. V. Clark, A. Colijn, A. P. Cooke, P. A. Costa, M. J. Costanzo, D. Dabrowski, W. Danielsen, K. M. Davies, V. R. Dawson, I. de Jong, P. Dervan, P. Doherty, F. Dolezal, Z. Donega, M. D'Onofrio, M. Dorholt, O. Drasal, Z. Dowell, J. D. Duerdoth, I. P. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Easton, J. M. Eckert, S. Eklund, L. Escobar, C. Fadeyev, V. Fasching, D. Feld, L. Ferguson, D. P. S. Ferrari, P. Ferrere, D. Fleta, C. Fortin, R. Foster, J. M. Fowler, C. Fox, H. Freestone, J. French, R. S. Fuster, J. Gadomski, S. Gallop, B. J. Garcia, C. Garcia-Navarro, J. E. Gibson, S. Gilchriese, M. G. D. Gonzalez, F. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodrick, M. J. Gorisek, A. Gornicki, E. Greenall, A. Greenfield, D. Gregory, S. Grigorieva, I. G. Grillo, A. A. Grosse-Knetter, J. Gryska, C. Guipet, A. Haber, C. Hara, K. Hartjes, F. G. Hauff, D. Haywood, S. J. Hegeman, S. J. Heinzinger, K. Hessey, N. P. Heusch, C. Hicheur, A. Hill, J. C. Hodgkinson, M. Hodgson, P. Horazdovsky, T. Hollins, T. I. Hou, L. S. Hou, S. Hughes, G. Huse, T. Ibbotson, M. Iglesias, M. Ikegami, Y. Ilyashenko, I. Issever, C. Jackson, J. N. Jakobs, K. Jared, R. C. Jarron, P. Johansson, P. Jones, R. W. L. Jones, T. J. Joos, D. Joseph, J. Jovanovic, P. Jusko, O. Jusko, V. Kaplon, J. Kazi, S. Ketterer, Ch. Kholodenko, A. G. King, B. T. Kodys, P. Koffeman, E. Kohout, Z. Kohriki, T. Kondo, T. Koperny, S. Koukol, H. Kral, V. Kramberger, G. Kubik, P. Kudlaty, J. Lacasta, C. Lagouri, T. Lee, S. C. Leney, K. Lenz, S. Lester, C. G. Liebicher, K. Limper, M. Lindsay, S. Linhart, V. Llosa, G. Loebinger, F. K. Lozano, M. Ludwig, I. Ludwig, J. Lutz, G. Lys, J. Maassen, M. Macina, D. Macpherson, A. MacWaters, C. Magrath, C. A. Malecki, P. Mandic, I. Mangin-Brinet, M. Marti-Garcia, S. Matheson, J. P. Matson, R. M. McMahon, S. J. McMahon, T. J. Meinhardt, J. Mellado, B. Melone, J. J. Mercer, I. J. Messmer, I. Mikulec, B. Mikuz, M. Minano, M. Mitsouak, V. A. Modesto, P. Moed, S. Mohn, B. Moncrieff, S. Moorhead, G. Morris, F. S. Morris, J. Morrissey, M. Moser, H. G. Moszczynski, A. Muijs, A. J. M. Murray, W. J. Muskett, D. Nacher, J. Nagai, K. Nakano, I. Nickerson, R. B. Nisius, R. Oye, O. K. O'Shea, V. Paganis, E. Parker, M. A. Parzefall, U. Pater, J. R. Peeters, S. J. M. Pellegrini, G. Pelleriti, G. Pernegger, H. Perrin, E. Phillips, P. W. Pilavova, L. V. Poltorak, K. Pospisil, S. Postranecky, M. Pritchard, T. Prokofiev, K. Rafi, J. M. Raine, C. Ratoff, P. N. Reznicek, P. Riadovikov, V. N. Richter, R. H. Robichaud-Veronneau, A. Robinson, D. Rodriguez-Oliete, R. Roe, S. Rudge, A. Runge, K. Saavedra, A. Sadrozinski, H. F. W. Sanchez, F. J. Sandaker, H. Saxon, D. H. Scheirich, D. Schieck, J. Seiden, A. Sfyrla, A. Slavicek, T. Smith, K. M. Smith, N. A. Snow, S. W. Solar, M. Sopko, B. Sopko, V. Sospedra, L. Spencer, E. Stanecka, E. Stapnes, S. Stastny, J. Strachko, V. Stradling, A. Stugu, B. Su, D. S. Sutcliffe, P. Szczygiel, R. Tanaka, R. Taylor, G. Teng, P. K. Terada, S. Thompson, R. J. Titov, M. Toczek, B. Tovey, D. R. Tratzl, G. Troitsky, V. L. Tseng, J. Turala, M. Turner, P. R. Tyndel, M. Ullan, M. Unno, Y. Vickey, T. Van der Kraaij, E. Viehhauser, G. Villani, E. G. Vitek, T. Anh, T. Vu Vorobiev, A. P. Vossebeld, J. H. Wachler, M. Wallny, R. Ward, C. P. Warren, M. R. M. Webel, M. Weber, M. Weber, M. Weidberg, A. R. Weilhammer, P. Wells, P. S. Wetzel, P. Whitley, M. Wiesmann, M. Wilhelm, I. Willenbrock, M. Wilmut, I. Wilson, J. A. Winton, J. Wolter, M. Wormald, M. P. Wu, S. L. Wu, X. Zhu, H. Bingefors, N. Brenner, R. Ekelof, T. TI The ATLAS semiconductor tracker end-cap module SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon; module; microstrip; ATLAS; SCT; LHC ID READOUT; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB The challenges for the tracking detector systems at the LHC are unprecedented in terms of the number of channels, the required read-out speed and the expected radiation levels. The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker. (SCT) end-caps have a total of about 3 million electronics channels each reading out every 25 ns into its own on-chip 3.3 mu s buffer. The highest anticipated dose after 10 years operation is 1.4x10(14) cm(-2) in units of 1 MeV neutron equivalent (assuming the damage factors scale with the non-ionising energy loss). The forward tracker has 1976 double-sided modules, mostly of area similar to 70 cm(2), each having 2 x 768 strips read out by six ASICs per side. The requirement to achieve an average perpendicular radiation length of 1.5% X(0), while coping with up to 7 W dissipation per module (after irradiation), leads to stringent constraints on the thermal design. The additional requirement of 1500e(-) equivalent noise charge (ENC) rising to only 1800e(-) ENC after irradiation, provides stringent design constraints on both the high-density Cu/Polyimide flex read-out circuit and the ABCD3TA read-out ASICs. Finally, the accuracy of module assembly must not compromise the 16 mu m (r phi) resolution perpendicular to the strip directions or 580 mu m radial resolution coming from the 40 mrad front-back stereo angle. A total of 2210 modules were built to the tight tolerances and specifications required for the SCT. This was 234 more than the 1976 required and represents a yield of 93%. The component flow was at times tight, but the module production rate of 40-50 per week was maintained despite this. The distributed production was not found to be a major logistical problem and it allowed additional flexibility to take advantage of where the effort was available, including any spare capacity, for building the end-cap modules. The collaboration that produced the ATLAS SCT end-cap modules kept in close contact at all times so that the effects of shortages or stoppages at different sites could be rapidly resolved. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Microelect Barcelona, CNM IMB, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Univ Coll, Dept Phys, London, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. NIIGraphite, Moscow, Russia. NIITAP, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. IHEP, Protvino, Russia. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Nucl & Particle Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Lacasta, C (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Microelect Barcelona, CNM IMB, Barcelona, Spain. EM Carlos.Lacasta@ific.uv.es RI Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Szczygiel, Robert/B-5662-2011; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Eklund, Lars/C-7709-2012; Rafi, Joan Marc/D-5500-2012; Dawson, Ian/K-6090-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Fleta, Celeste/D-7303-2014; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011; Campabadal, Francesca/E-6651-2014; Stastny, jan/H-2973-2014; Llosa, Gabriela/F-7791-2014; Bernabeu, Jose/H-6708-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; Ullan, Miguel/P-7392-2015; Lozano, Manuel/C-3445-2011; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011 OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; Rafi, Joan Marc/0000-0003-4581-9477; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Fleta, Celeste/0000-0002-6591-6744; Pellegrini, Giulio/0000-0002-1606-3546; Campabadal, Francesca/0000-0001-7758-4567; Prokofiev, Kirill/0000-0002-2177-6401; Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252; Llosa, Gabriela/0000-0002-0364-8158; Bernabeu, Jose/0000-0002-0296-9988; Lozano, Manuel/0000-0001-5826-5544; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513 NR 48 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 575 IS 3 BP 353 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.019 PG 37 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 177IM UT WOS:000247146800010 ER PT J AU Ognibene, TJ Bench, G Brown, TA Vogel, JS AF Ognibene, T. J. Bench, G. Brown, T. A. Vogel, J. S. TI Ion-optics calculations and preliminary precision estimates of the gas-capable ion source for the 1-MV LLNL BioAMS spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; charged-particle optics; computer modeling; LC-AMS ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOCHEMICAL SAMPLES; AMS SYSTEM; GC-AMS; RADIOCARBON; C-14 AB Ion-optics calculations were performed for a new ion source and injection beam line. This source, which can accept both solid and gaseous targets, will be installed onto the 1-MV BioAMS spectrometer at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and will augment the current LLNL cesium-sputter solid sample ion source. The ion source and its associated injection beam line were designed to allow direct quantification of C-14/(12) C and H-3/H-1 isotope ratios from both solid and gaseous targets without the need for isotope switching. Once installed, this source will enable the direct linking of a nanoflow LC system to the spectrometer to provide for high-throughput LC-AMS quantitation from a continuous flow. Calculations show that, for small samples, the sensitivity of the gas-accepting ion source could be precision limited but zeptomole quantitation should be feasible. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ognibene, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ognibene1@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.148 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600021 ER PT J AU Fallon, SJ Guilderson, TP Brown, TA AF Fallon, Stewart J. Guilderson, Thomas P. Brown, Thomas A. TI CAMS/LLNL ion source efficiency revisited SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE AMS; ion source; efficiency ID AMS AB The Center for AMS, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (CAMS) modified high-intensity Cs+ sputter source has several key characteristics, including very high ion current output, that make it useful for AMS applications. Within the AMS community there have been suggestions that certain aspects of operation of a sputter ion source at very high output levels could result in low ionization efficiency and the likelihood of consuming (burning through) small samples without acquiring adequate statistics. This is of particular importance for small mass carbon targets. We have recently re-determined the carbon ionization efficiency of the CAMS sputter source using graphite targets derived from Oxalic Acid I & II and demonstrated relatively high ionization efficiency (similar to 33%) during the operation of these sources at high output levels. We also examine the relationship between ion source efficiency and sample size. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fallon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fallon4@llnl.gov RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.149 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600022 ER PT J AU Galindo-Uribarri, A Beene, JR Danchev, M Doupe, J Fuentes, B del Campo, JG Hausladen, PA Juras, RC Liang, JF Litherland, AE Liu, Y Meigs, MJ Mills, GD Mueller, PE Padilla-Rodal, E Pavan, J Sinclair, JW Stracener, DW AF Galindo-Uribarri, A. Beene, J. R. Danchev, M. Doupe, J. Fuentes, B. Gomez del Campo, J. Hausladen, P. A. Juras, R. C. Liang, J. F. Litherland, A. E. Liu, Y. Meigs, M. J. Mills, G. D. Mueller, P. E. Padilla-Rodal, E. Pavan, J. Sinclair, J. W. Stracener, D. W. TI Pushing the limits of accelerator mass spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; radioactive ion beams; Cl-36; seawater ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; RADIOACTIVE ION-BEAMS; TANDEM ACCELERATOR; CL-36; POSITION; FACILITY; CARBON; HRIBF; OLD; AMS AB A renewed interest in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) from nuclear physics laboratories is emerging in connection with Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs). At the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) we are exploring the AMS capabilities of the 25-MV tandem accelerator. Behind this effort is the realization that two fields of research - AMS and RIBs - complement each other in techniques. Development of effective and efficient beam purification techniques is of common interest to both AMS and the RIB program. Two main characteristics of the 25-MV tandem provide unique opportunities for performing the highest sensitivity measurements of AMS; namely (i) the highest operating voltage in the world, and (ii) a folded geometry which involves a 180 degrees magnet in the terminal. For the RIB program, we have used AMS techniques to improve the sensitivity of detection of some radioactive species in the measurement of unknown masses of n-rich nuclei. For AMS, we have concentrated in exploring two important isotopes, C-14 and Cl-36, for applications that require the highest sensitivity. We have successfully measured Cl-36/Cl ratios as low as a few times 10(-16) in seawater samples demonstrating that our setup has the highest sensitivity for this isotope and proving that Cl-36 can be measured at the levels required for a tracer in oceanography. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37900 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, IsoTrace Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM uribarri@ornl.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.295 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600025 ER PT J AU Mack, JH Flowers, DL Buchholz, BA Dibble, RW AF Mack, J. H. Flowers, D. L. Buchholz, B. A. Dibble, R. W. TI Using biofuel tracers to study alternative combustion regimes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE biofuels; tracers; combustion; HCCI; C-14 ID KINETIC-MODEL; OXIDATION; AMS AB Interest in the use of alternative fuels and engines is increasing as the price of petroleum climbs. The inherently higher efficiency of Diesel engines has led to increased adoption of Diesels in Europe, capturing approximately 40% of the new passenger car market. Unfortunately, lower CO, emissions are countered with higher nitrogen oxides (NO,) and particulate matter (PM) emissions and higher noise. Adding oxygenated compounds to the fuel helps reduce PM emissions. However, relying on fuel alone to reduce PM is unrealistic due to economic constraints and difficult due to the emerging PM standards. Keeping peak combustion temperature below 1700 K inhibits NO, formation. Altering the combustion regime to burn at temperatures below the NO, threshold and accept a wide variety of fuels seems like a promising alternative for future engines. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a possible solution. Fuel and air are well mixed prior to intake into a cylinder (homogeneous charge) and ignition occurs by compression of the fuel-air mixture by the piston. HCCI is rapid and relatively cool, producing little NO, and PM. Unfortunately, it is hard to control since HCCI is initiated by temperature and pressure instead of a spark or direct fuel injection. We investigate biofuel HCCI combustion, and use intrinsically labeled biofuels as tracers of HCCI combustion. Data from tracer experiments are used to improve our combustion modeling. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Combust Anal Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mack, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Combust Anal Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmack@me.berkeley.edu RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011; OI Mack, John Hunter/0000-0002-5455-8611 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.097 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600077 ER PT J AU Fehn, U Moran, JE Snyder, GT Muramatsu, Y AF Fehn, U. Moran, J. E. Snyder, G. T. Muramatsu, Y. TI The initial I-129/I ratio and the presence of 'old' iodine in continental margins SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE iodine-129; iodine cycle; marine organic material; gas hydrates ID FUEL REPROCESSING PLANT; ANTHROPOGENIC I-129; RESIDENCE TIMES; SOURCE AGES; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACER; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANO-IODINE; GAS HYDRATE; PORE WATERS; FLUIDS AB The natural radioisotope I-129 covers ail important age range for applications in geological systems, particularly for fluids derived from or associated with organic material. Crucial for the application of this isotopic system is the initial ratio used for the calculation of ages, the marine input ratio of I-129/I. Determinations of this ratio in recent marine sediments led to a value R-i = (1500 +/- 150) x 10(-15), which has been used in the determination of source ages in hydrocarbon systems, in gas hydrate occurrences and the tracing of fluids in subduction related volcanoes. We investigated the validity of this ratio in view of a number of determinations which resulted in ratios considerably below this value. Investigations of fluids along continental margins demonstrate that the likely cause for these low values is the release of methane-rich fluids with high iodine concentrations derived from old organic sources. Although these fluids locally influence the ratio in some areas along continental margins, they do not disturb the isotopic balance of the open ocean, justifying the use of Ri for the application of the I-129/I System. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Gakushuin Univ, Dept Chem, Tokyo 171, Japan. RP Fehn, U (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM fehn@earth.rochester.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 496 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.191 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600091 ER PT J AU Welten, KC Hillegonds, DJ Masarik, J Nishiizumi, K AF Welten, K. C. Hillegonds, D. J. Masarik, J. Nishiizumi, K. TI Cosmogenic Ca-41 in diogenites: Production rates, pre-atmospheric size and terrestrial ages SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE cosmogenic nuclides; Ca-41; diogenites; production rate; pre-atmospheric size; Antarctic meteorites; terrestrial age ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTARCTIC METEORITES; COSMIC-RAY; EXPOSURE HISTORY; NEUTRON-FLUX; SPALLATION; GRANT; LLNL AB We measured concentrations of cosmogenic Ca-41 in 37 diogenites, including 8 falls and 29 Antarctic finds, using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The measured Ca-41 concentrations in falls range from 2.8 to 9.3 dpm/kg, those in Antarctic finds range from 1.6 to 28 dpm/kg. The Ca-41 concentrations in four of the falls agree within 10% with estimated saturation values based on spallation from Ti, Cr, Mn and the main target element, Fe. Four other diogenite falls and several Antarctic finds show elevated Ca-41 concentrations, which are attributed to capture of thermal neutrons on Ca-40. The neutron-capture Ca-41 contributions range from 0.1 to 1.5 dpm/g Ca. Monte Carlo based model calculations show that contributions of neutron-capture Ca-41 are negligible (< 0.05 dpm/g Ca) in diogenites with pre-atmospheric radii < 20 cm, but become dominant in diogenites larger than 30 cm in radius and reach a maximum value of similar to 5.6 dpm/g Ca in the center of objects with radii of 80-100 cm. The contributions of neutron-capture Ca-41 in diogenites were used to constrain their pre-atmospheric radii. Many Antarctic diogenites show low Ca-41 concentrations, up to 60% below the saturation value determined for falls. From these low Ca-41 concentrations we derive terrestrial ages up to similar to 135 kyr. We compare these terrestrial ages with those of other Antarctic achondrites and Antarctic chondrites and discuss the role of terrestrial weathering in limiting the lifetime of meteorites failing in different environments, i.e. Antarctic versus hot desert conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Welten, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kcwelten@berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.204 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600117 ER PT J AU Robertson, D Schmitt, C Collon, P Henderson, D Shumard, B Lamm, L Stech, E Butterfield, T Engel, P Hsu, G Konecki, G Kurtz, S Meharchand, R Signoracci, A Wittenbach, J AF Robertson, D. Schmitt, C. Collon, Ph Henderson, D. Shumard, B. Lamm, L. Stech, E. Butterfield, T. Engel, P. Hsu, G. Konecki, G. Kurtz, S. Meharchand, R. Signoracci, A. Wittenbach, J. TI A new AMS setup for nuclear astrophysics experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE AMS; astrophysics; NSL; nuclear; spectrograph ID CA-40(ALPHA,GAMMA)TI-44 REACTION; MAGNETIC SPECTROGRAPH; SEPARATION AB The Nuclear Structure Laboratory (NSL) at the University of Notre Dame installed its Browne-Buechner spectrograph in the early 1970s for highly accurate energy measurements of nuclear reactions. Current renovation and upgrading of this spectrograph will enable operation of the magnet in a gas-filled mode, in particular for the study of nuclear reactions with low cross-sections of interest in nuclear astrophysics. One of the principle issues shared by measurements of extremely low abundances in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and nuclear astrophysics is the discrimination between the nuclei of interest and often very intense isobaric background. Recently the AMS technique of the gas-filled magnet has very successfully been used at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to overcome this in the study of both environmental noble gas traces (Ar-39) and the measurement of cross-sections of interest in stellar nucleosynthesis i.e. the Ni-62(n,gamma)Ni-63 reaction. We hope to extend these techniques further to the observations of astrophysically important reactions such as Ca-40(alpha,gamma)Ti-44 and Kr-78(alpha,gamma)Sr-82. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Inst Struct & Nucl AstroPhys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Robertson, D (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Inst Struct & Nucl AstroPhys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM drobert4@nd.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.261 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600119 ER PT J AU Buchholz, BA Brown, TA Hamilton, TF Hutcheon, ID Marchetti, AA Martinelli, RE Ramon, EC Tumey, SJ Williams, RW AF Buchholz, B. A. Brown, T. A. Hamilton, T. F. Hutcheon, I. D. Marchetti, A. A. Martinelli, R. E. Ramon, E. C. Tumey, S. J. Williams, R. W. TI Investigating uranium isotopic distributions in environmental samples using AMS and MC-ICPMS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE uranium isotopes; U-236; natural uranium ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL ABUNDANCE; U-236; ACTINIDES; FISSION AB Major, minor and trace uranium isotopes were measured at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in environmentally acquired samples using different instruments to span large variations in concentrations. Multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) can be used to measure major and minor isotopes: U-238, U-235, U-234 and U-236. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) can be used to measure minor and trace isotopes: U-234, U-236 and U-233. The main limit of quantification for minor or trace uranium isotopes is the abundance sensitivity of the measurement technique; i.e. the ability to measure a minor or trace isotope of mass M in the presence of a major isotope at M +/- 1 mass units. The abundance sensitivity for U-236/U-235 isotope ratio measurements using MC-ICPMS is around similar to 2 x 10(-6). This compares with a U-236/U-235 abundance sensitivity of similar to 1 X 10(-7) for the current AMS system, with the expectation of 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity with the addition of another high energy filter. Comparing U-236/U-234 from MC-ICPMS and AMS produced agreement within similar to 10% for samples at U-236 levels high enough to be measurable by both techniques. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CAMS, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Buchholz, BA (reprint author), CAMS, LLNL, L397,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM buchholz2@llnl.gov RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.248 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600130 ER PT J AU Vogel, JS Palmblad, NM Ognibene, T Kabir, MM Buchholz, BA Bench, G AF Vogel, J. S. Palmblad, N. M. Ognibene, T. Kabir, M. M. Buchholz, B. A. Bench, G. TI Biochemical paths in humans and cells: Frontiers of AMS bioanalysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE AMS; biomedical; phamacokinetics; pharmaceutical; drug; metabolism; nutrition; human; yeast ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADDUCT FORMATION; ATRAZINE METABOLITES; DIETARY CONSTITUENTS; COVALENT BINDING; BETA-CAROTENE; AL-26 TRACER; HUMAN URINE; IN-VIVO; DNA AB The publication rate of H-3 and C-14 use in biomedical research decreased by a factor of three since 1990 when the first applications of AMS in biomedicine were published. Against this decrease, the high sensitivity of AMS for these isotopes in small isolated samples has made significant contributions. New smaller spectrometers and increased commercial availability of AMS have solved some of the issues surrounding availability and cost, but improved quantitation in non-isotopic methods now compete with some early uses of AMS. We review the strength of AMS for quantifying rare biochemical events and chemical passages through individual people or cells and consider these as the frontiers of quantitation leading to profitable science unavailable to other techniques. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vogel, JS (reprint author), 570 S 12th St, San Jose, CA 95112 USA. EM johnsvogel@yahoo.com RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 745 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.215 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600132 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Mundt, JM Ubick, EA Turteltaub, KW Gregg, JP Henderson, PT AF Hah, Sang Soo Mundt, Janna M. Ubick, Esther A. Turteltaub, Kenneth W. Gregg, Jeff P. Henderson, Paul T. TI A sample preparation protocol for quantification of radiolabeled nucleoside incorporation into DNA by accelerator mass spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS); nucleoside incorporation; DNA damage; carbon-14; DNA isolation; DNA digestion ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE KINASES; CANCER CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION; CONSEQUENCES; ANALOGS; DAMAGE AB A general protocol is described for measuring the incorporation of radiocarbon-labeled 2'-deoxynucleosides into DNA using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). This technology provides attomole (10(-18) mol) sensitivity, with detection limits for DNA analysis in the range of one C-14 atom per 10(11)-10(12) total carbons. In practice this corresponds to approximately I labeled nucleoside per 1011 normal bases. A. key aspect of the method is the use of precautions aimed at prevention of artifactual DNA oxidation during the sample preparation by the use of antioxidants and chaotropic salts during the DNA isolation. In principle, any type of appropriately labeled nucleoside derivative can be studied using the described protocol, provided that there is incorporation of the deoxynucleoside into DNA. We demonstrated this protocol using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and a mouse model for mammary carcinoma, which we dosed with C-14-labeled 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and C-14-labeled 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). The nucleoside 8-oxodG is a ubiquitous compound that forms in cells by the reaction of dG with reactive oxygen species which has been associated with numerous disease, carcinogenesis and aging. DNA from cells treated with C-14-labeled nucleosides was isolated and prepared for analysis by AXIS in order to measure the DNA-bound radioactivity. The method allows the generation of reliable and sufficient yields of pure DNA from human cells and animal tissues for analysis of radiocarbon levels. Ultimately, this protocol will be applied to understanding the role of modified nucleoside incorporation into DNA in cancer initiation and progression, but could also be used to study any DNA metabolism process where C-14-labeled nucleosides are used. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Direct, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Henderson, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Direct, 7000 E Ave,L-441, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henderson48@llnl.gov RI Hah, Sang Soo/D-2621-2011 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.214 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600135 ER PT J AU Dueker, SR Vuong, LT Faulkner, B Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS AF Dueker, Stephen R. Vuong, Le Thuy Faulkner, Brian Buchholz, Bruce A. Vogel, John S. TI Disposition of C-14-beta-carotene following delivery with autologous triacylglyceride-rich lipoproteins SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 05-10, 2005 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley DE accelerator mass spectrometry; human; in vivo; beta-carotene; lipoprotein ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINYL PALMITATE; REMNANT LIPOPROTEINS; VITAMIN-A; METABOLISM; CHYLOMICRONS; RECEPTOR; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Following ingestion, a fraction of beta-carotene is cleaved into vitamin A in the intestine, while another is absorbed intact and distributed among tissues and organs. The extent to which this absorbed beta-carotene serves as a source of vitamin A is unknown in vivo. In the present study we use the attomole sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for C-14 to quantify the disposition of C-14-beta-carotene (930 ng; 60.4 nCi of activity) after intravenous injection with an autologous triacylglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction in a single volunteer. Total C-14 was quantified in serial plasma samples and also in triglyceride-rich, and low density lipoprotein, subfractions. The appearance of C-14-retinol, the circulating form of vitamin A in plasma, was determined by chromatographic separation of plasma retinol extracts prior to AXIS analysis. The data showed that C-14 concentrations rapidly decayed within the triglyceride- rich lipoprotein fractions after injection, whereas low density lipoprotein C-14 began a significant rise in C-14 5 h post dose. Plasma C-14-retinol also appeared at 5 h post dose and its concentrations were maintained above baseline for >88 days. Based upon comparisons of C-14-retinol concentrations following an earlier study with orally dosed C-14-beta-carotene, a molar vitamin A value of the absorbed beta-carotene of 0.19 was derived, meaning that 1 mole of absorbed beta-carotene provides 0.19 moles of vitamin A. This is the first study to show that infused beta-carotene contributes to the vitamin A economy in humans in vivo. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vitalea Sci Inc, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dueker, SR (reprint author), Vitalea Sci Inc, 1233 E Beamer, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. EM srdueker@vitaleascience.com RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 1 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.219 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 182WV UT WOS:000247535600136 ER PT J AU Deng, BQ Allain, JP Luo, ZM Peng, LL Yan, JC AF Deng Bai-Quan Allain, J. P. Luo Zheng-Ming Peng Li-Lin Yan Jian-Cheng TI Near-surface bipartition model for the study of material response of plasma-facing surfaces exposed to energetic charged particles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE sputtering; bipartition model; transport theory; runaway electron ID LITHIUM; TOKAMAK; PHASE AB In order to predict the erosion rates and lifetimes of candidate plasma facing component (PFC) materials, the sputtering yields of Mo, W and deuterium-saturated Li surfaces bombarded by energetic charged particles were calculated by a new near-surface analytical sputtering model based on a bipartition model of charge particle transport theory. Lithium was considered as an alternative material providing low-recycling regime operation in advanced tokamak devices; expected charged-particle energies range from 100-1000eV. Comparisons were made with Monte Carlo calculations of the TRIM code and experimental results, where available. The maximum sputtering yield of W by 3 keV He+ ions, for example, was 0.032 and for Li by 0.4 keV He+ ions was 0.17. Also calculated were the dependencies of maximum energy deposition and particle and energy reflection coefficients on the incident energy of energetic runaway electrons impinging on different material surfaces. The results are particularly important for estimating the lifetime of PFCs and analyzing the extent of impurity contamination, especially for high-power density and with a high plasma current fusion reactor. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Sichuan Univ, Ctr Radiat Phys, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dengbq@swip.ac.cn; allain@anl.gov OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 17 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 2 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.013 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 179XA UT WOS:000247322500005 ER PT J AU Pasaja, N Sansongsiri, S Intarasiri, S Vilaithong, T Anders, A AF Pasaja, Nitisak Sansongsiri, Sakon Intarasiri, Saweat Vilaithong, Thiraphat Anders, Andre TI Mo-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon deposited by dual filtered cathodic vacuum arc with selective pulsed bias voltage SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE tetrahedral amorphous carbon; metal doping filtered cathodic vacuum arc; electrical resistivity; profilometry; Raman spectroscopy; Rutherford backscattering ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS AB Metal-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon films were produced by dual filtered cathodic vacuum arc plasma sources operated in sequentially pulsed mode. Negatively pulsed bias was applied to the substrate when carbon plasma was generated, whereas it was absent when the molybdenum plasma was presented. Film thickness was measured after deposition by profilometry. Glass slides with silver pads were used as substrates for the measurement of the sheet resistance. The microstructure and composition of the films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering, respectively. It was found that the electrical resistivity decreases with an increase of the Mo content, which can be ascribed to an increase of the sp(2) content and an increase of the sp2 cluster size. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Res & Dev, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Pasaja, N (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM nitisak@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 2 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.093 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 179XA UT WOS:000247322500008 ER PT J AU Hagmann, C Pruet, J AF Hagmann, C. Pruet, J. TI Photon production through multi-step processes important in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE X-ray beams and X-ray optics; X-ray scattering; photon absorption and scattering ID SCATTERING; PARTICLES; ELECTRONS AB We present calculations describing the production of photons through multi-step processes occurring when a beam of gamma-rays interacts with a macroscopic material. These processes involve the creation of energetic electrons through Compton scattering, photo-absorption and pair production, the subsequent scattering of these electrons, and the creation of energetic photons occurring as these electrons are slowed through Bremsstrahlung emission. Unlike single Compton collisions, during which an energetic photon that is scattered through a large angle loses most of its energy, these multi-step processes result in a sizable flux of energetic photons traveling at large angles relative to an incident photon beam. These multi-step processes are also a key background in experiments that measure nuclear resonance fluorescence by shining photons on a thin foil and observing the spectrum of back-scattered photons. Effective cross sections describing the production of back-scattered photons are presented in a tabular form that allows simple estimates of backgrounds expected in a variety of experiments. Incident photons with energies between 0.5 MeV and 8 MeV are considered. These calculations of effective cross sections may be useful for those designing NRF experiments or systems that detect specific isotopes in well-shielded environments through observation of resonance fluorescence. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hagmann, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-59,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hagmann1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 259 IS 2 BP 895 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.105 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 179XA UT WOS:000247322500013 ER PT J AU Stefanescu, I Gelberg, A Jolie, J Van Isacker, P von Brentano, P Luo, YX Zhu, SJ Rasmussen, JO Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Che, XL AF Stefanescu, I. Gelberg, A. Jolie, J. Van Isacker, P. von Brentano, P. Luo, Y. X. Zhu, S. J. Rasmussen, J. O. Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Che, X. L. TI IBM-1 description of the fission products Ru-108,Ru-110,Ru-112 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE interacting boson model; Ru-108,Ru-110,Ru-112; energies; E2 branching ratios ID INTERACTING-BOSON MODEL; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; COLLECTIVE STRUCTURE; CLASSICAL LIMIT; GAMMA-SOFTNESS; RU ISOTOPES; TRIAXIALITY; STATES; PROTON AB IBM-1 calculations for the fission products Ru-108,Ru-110,Ru-112 have been carried out. The even-even isotopes of Ru can be described as transitional nuclei situated between the U(5) (spherical vibrator) and SO(6) (gamma-unstable rotor) symmetries of the interacting Boson Model. At first, a Hamiltonian with only one- and two-body terms has been used. Excitation energies and B(E2) ratios of gamma transitions have been calculated. A satisfactory agreement has been obtained, with the exception of the odd-even staggering in the quasi-gamma bands of Ru-110,Ru-112. The observed pattern is rather similar to the one for a rigid triaxial rotor. A calculation based on a Hamiltonian with three-body terms was able to remove this discrepancy. The relation between the IBM and the triaxial rotor model was also examined. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. CEA, DSM, CNRS, IN2P3,Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen, France. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. RP Stefanescu, I (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM irina.stefanescu@fys.kuleuven.be NR 56 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 789 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.007 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184FU UT WOS:000247627300011 ER PT J AU Cardall, CY AF Cardall, C. Y. TI Supernova neutrinos SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW 2006) CY SEP 09-15, 2006 CL Otranto, ITALY SP INFN, Dept Phys, MUR, Univ Bari & Lecce, European Network Theoret Astroparticle Phys ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ACCRETION SHOCK INSTABILITY; NEUTRON STAR CONVECTION; RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS; DIFFUSIVE INSTABILITIES; DRIVEN CONVECTION; NUMERICAL-METHOD; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISM AB A nascent neutron star resulting from stellar collapse is a prodigious source of neutrinos of all flavors. While the most basic features of this neutrino emission can be estimated from simple considerations, the detailed simulation of the neutrinos' decoupling from the hot neutron star is not yet computationally tractable in its full glory, being a time-dependent six-dimensional transport problem. Nevertheless, supernova neutrino fluxes are of great interest in connection with the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism and supernova nucleosynthesis, and as a potential probe of the supernova environment and of some of the neutrino mixing parameters that remain unknown; hence a variety of approximate transport schemes have been used to obtain results with reduced dimensionality. However, none of these approximate schemes have addressed a recent challenge to the conventional wisdom that neutrino flavor mixing cannot impact the explosion mechanism or r-process nucleosynthesis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cardall, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 168 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.02.009 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 182WY UT WOS:000247535900022 ER PT J AU Rebel, BJ AF Rebel, B. J. CA MINOS Collaboration TI First MINOS results with the NuMI beam SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW 2006) CY SEP 09-15, 2006 CL Otranto, ITALY SP INFN, Dept Phys, MUR, Univ Bari & Lecce, European Network Theoret Astroparticle Phys AB The results from the initial exposure of the MINOS detectors to neutrinos produced by the Fermilab NuMI beam are reported here. The exposure consisted of 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMl target. The data show the observation of 215 neutrinos with energies below 30 GeV while 336 +/- 14.4 events were expected. The data are consistent with v, disappearance via neutrino oscillations with vertical bar Delta m(23)(2)vertical bar = 2.74(-0.26)(+0.44) x 10(-3) eV(2)/c(4) and sin(2) 2 theta(23) > 0.87 (68% C.L.). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rebel, BJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 168 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.02.014 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 182WY UT WOS:000247535900046 ER PT J AU Fogli, GL Lisi, E Mirizzi, A Montanino, D Serpico, PD AF Fogli, G. L. Lisi, E. Mirizzi, A. Montanino, D. Serpico, P. D. TI Solar atmosphere neutrino oscillations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW 2006) CY SEP 09-15, 2006 CL Otranto, ITALY SP INFN, Dept Phys, MUR, Univ Bari & Lecce, European Network Theoret Astroparticle Phys ID COSMIC-RAY INTERACTIONS; SUN AB The Sun is a source of high energy neutrinos (E > 10 GeV) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the solar atmosphere. We study the impact of three-flavor oscillations on the solar atmosphere neutrino fluxes observable at Earth. We find that peculiar matter oscillation effects in the Sun do exist, but are significantly suppressed by averaging over the production region and over the neutrino and antineutrino components. In particular, the relation between the neutrino fluxes at the Sun and at the Earth can be approximately expressed in terms of phase-averaged "vacuum" oscillations, dominated by a single mixing parameter (the angle theta(23)). C1 Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fogli, GL (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RI Montanino, Daniele/H-9901-2012 OI Montanino, Daniele/0000-0003-2669-1340 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 168 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.02.088 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 182WY UT WOS:000247535900066 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Prinja, A McGhee, JM Wareing, TA Franke, BC AF Morel, Jim E. Prinja, Anil McGhee, John M. Wareing, Todd A. Franke, Brian C. TI A discretization scheme for the three-dimensional angular Fokker-Planck operator SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EQUATION AB A new S-n discretization of the angular Fokker-Planck operator used in three-dimensional calculations is derived for product quadrature sets. It is straightforward to define discretizations that preserve the null space and zeroth angular moment of the analytic operator and are self-adjoint, monotone, and nonpositive-definite. Our new discretization differs from more straightforward discretizations in that it also preserves the three first angular moments of the analytic operator when applied in conjunction with product quadrature sets constructed with Chebychev azimuthal quadrature. Otherwise, it preserves only two of the three first angular moments. Computational results are presented that demonstrate the superiority of this new discretization relative to a straightforward discretization. Two-dimensional versions of the new discretization are also given for x-y and r-z geometries. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Transpire Inc, Gig Harbor, WA 98335 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, TAMU 3133, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@tamu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 156 IS 2 BP 154 EP 163 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 171WN UT WOS:000246766200003 ER PT J AU Saccheri, JGB Todreas, NE Driscoll, MJ AF Saccheri, J. G. B. Todreas, N. E. Driscoll, M. J. TI Design and economic evaluation of an advanced tight lattice core for the iris integral primary system reactor SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advanced nuclear reactors; integrated core design; economics ID ROD BUNDLES; ARRAYS AB An 8-yr core design for an epithermal, water-cooled reactor has been developed based upon assessments of nuclear reactor physics, thermal hydraulics, and economics. An integral-vessel configuration is adopted, and self-supporting wire-wrap fuel is employed for the tight lattice of the epithermal core. A streaming path is incorporated in each assembly to ensure a negative void coefficient. A whole-core simulation of the tight core with the stochastic, continuous-energy, transport code MCNP shows a negative void coefficient for the whole cycle during normal operating conditions. Analysis of in-core, flow-induced vibrations indicates that the design has a greater margin to fluid-elastic instability than a standard pressurized water reactor, allowing for higher coolant mass flux and improved safety. Enhanced flow mixing and thermal margins are also achieved, and the VIPRE (TM) code for subchannel thermal-hydraulic analysis has been used to calculate the critical heat flux (CHF) by means of a wire-wrap CHF correlation specifically introduced in the source code. The combination of increased fuel enrichment (similar to 14 wt% U-235, still below the proliferation-resistant limit of 20 wt% U-235), relatively low core-average discharge burnup (70 MWd/kg HM), and very long core life (8 yr) lead to high lifetime-levelized fuel cycle unit cost (in mills/kW center dot h (electric)]. However, both operation and maintenance (O&M) and capital-related expenditures strongly benefit from the higher electric output per unit volume, which yields quite small lifetime-levelized capital and O&M unit costs for the overall plant. Financing requirements are included, and an estimate is provided for the lifetime-levelized total unit cost of the epithermal core, which is similar to 16% lower than that of a more open-lattice thermal spectrum core, fitting into the same core envelope and with a 4-yr lifetime. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Saccheri, JGB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM saccheri@bnl.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 158 IS 3 BP 315 EP 347 PG 33 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 174CL UT WOS:000246918700001 ER PT J AU Popov, E Ivanov, B Ivanov, KN Mladenova, S AF Popov, Emilian Ivanov, Boyan Ivanov, Kostadin N. Mladenova, Stilyana TI Simulation of the flow rotation and mixing in the downcomer of a VVER-1000 reactor SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotation; mixing; flow AB Flow rotation and mixing in a WER-1000 reactor is investigated using two system codes with three-dimensional fluid-dynamics modeling capabilities (RELAP5-3D and TRACE) and a computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) code (FLUENT). Coarse-mesh models were developed for the system codes, and their applicability is evaluated using the test data as well as the detailed CFD results obtained. Two different temperature zone mapping schemes for comparison with the measured data are proposed and discussed. The test is very informative when used to examine the real loop mixing taking place at a nuclear reactor. The results can be used to improve code input data for correct simulation of the phenomenon. Correctly predicting the flow mixing is very important in regard to the prediction of the local three-dimensional feedback effects depending on the vessel mixing in coupled three-dimensional neutron-kinetic/thermal-hydraulic safety analysis of reactivity insertion accidents such as the main steam line break accident. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Penn State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Atoma Consult Ltd, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Popov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM knil@psu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 158 IS 3 BP 358 EP 365 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 174CL UT WOS:000246918700003 ER PT J AU Hinz, JM Nham, PB Urbin, SS Jones, IM Thompson, LH AF Hinz, John M. Nham, Peter B. Urbin, Salustra S. Jones, Irene M. Thompson, Larry H. TI Disparate contributions of the Fanconi anemia pathway and homologous recombination in preventing spontaneous mutagenesis SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE GENE; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; DNA-REPAIR; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUTATION-RATE; AMPLIFICATION AB Fanconi anemia ( FA) is a chromosomal instability disorder in which DNA-damage processing defects are reported for translesion synthesis (TLS), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR; both increased and decreased). To reconcile these diverse findings, we compared spontaneous mutagenesis in FA and HR mutants of hamster CHO cells. In the fancg mutant we find a reduced mutation rate accompanied by an increased proportion of deletions within the hprt gene. Moreover, in fancg cells gene amplification at the CAD and dhfr loci is elevated, another manifestation of inappropriate processing of damage during DNA replication. In contrast, the rad51d HR mutant has a greatly elevated rate of hprt mutations, > 85% of which are deletions. Our analysis supports the concept that HR faithfully restores broken replication forks, whereas the FA pathway acts more globally to ensure chromosome stability by promoting efficient end joining of replication-derived breaks, as well as TLS and HR. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hinz, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, L441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hinz4@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA89405, CA112566, R01 CA089405, R01 CA112566] NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3733 EP 3740 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm315 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 186ZQ UT WOS:000247817500021 PM 17517774 ER PT J AU Bigotta, S Di Lieto, A Toncelli, A Tonelli, M Seletskiy, D Hasselbeck, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Epstein, RI AF Bigotta, S. Di Lieto, A. Toncelli, A. Tonelli, M. Seletskiy, D. Hasselbeck, M. P. Sheik-Bahae, M. Epstein, R. I. TI Laser cooling of solids: New results with single fluoride crystals SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 93rd National Congress of the Italian-Physical-Society CY SEP 24-29, 2007 CL Pisa, ITALY ID THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; EMISSION; EFFICIENT; BAY2F8; YLF AB In the last decade, laser cooling of solids has evolved from an exotic scientific curiosity into a promising and challenging technology, thanks to the improvements in the crystal growth technologies and to innovative pumping schemes. We report the recent progress in the field obtained with fluoride single crystals doped with Tm and Yb. High optical quality fluoride single crystals allowed us to reach cooling efficiency as high as 3%. By using a resonant pumping cavity; a temperature drop of similar to 70 K was observed. The room for improvements lets us think that temperature drops even larger than 100K can be achieved. C1 [Bigotta, S.; Di Lieto, A.; Toncelli, A.; Tonelli, M.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bigotta, S.; Di Lieto, A.; Toncelli, A.; Tonelli, M.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Seletskiy, D.; Hasselbeck, M. P.; Sheik-Bahae, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Opt Sci & Engn Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Epstein, R. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bigotta, S (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM bigotta@df.unipi.it RI Bigotta, Stefano/F-8652-2011; Seletskiy, Denis/G-5523-2011; Toncelli, Alessandra/A-5352-2012; Seletskiy, Denis/C-1372-2011 OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595; Toncelli, Alessandra/0000-0003-4400-8808; Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6-7 BP 685 EP 694 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10415-6 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 306VU UT WOS:000256276800009 ER PT J AU Edwards, RA Dinsdale, EA AF Edwards, Robert A. Dinsdale, Elizabeth A. TI Marine Environmental Genomics: Unlocking the Ocean's Secrets SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE METAGENOMICS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY GENOMICS; SARGASSO SEA; DEEP-SEA; ASSEMBLAGES; DISCOVERY; DISEASES; ECOLOGY C1 [Edwards, Robert A.; Dinsdale, Elizabeth A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Edwards, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM roedwards@gmail.com NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XG UT WOS:000261638100013 ER PT J AU GullanS, M Wurtele, JS Penn, G Zholents, AA AF Gullans, M. Wurtele, J. S. Penn, G. Zholents, A. A. TI Performance study of a soft X-ray harmonic generation FEL seeded with an EUV laser pulse SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE HHG; free electron laser ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER AB The performance of a free electron laser (FEL) using a low-power extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulse as an input seed is investigated. The parameters are appropriate for 30 nm seeds produced from high-power Ti:Sapphire pulses using high harmonic generation schemes. It is found that, for reasonable beam parameters, robust FEL performance can be obtained. Both time-independent and time-dependent simulations are performed for varying system parameters using the GENESIS simulation code. A comparison is made with a two-stage harmonic FEL that is seeded by a high-power Ti:Sapphire pulse. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Penn, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gepenn@lbl.gov RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016; OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297; Gullans, Michael/0000-0003-3974-2987 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.02.014 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 163VO UT WOS:000246191500026 ER PT J AU Yano, J Yachandra, VK AF Yano, Junko Yachandra, Vittal K. TI Oxidation state changes of the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE photosystem II; water oxidation; oxygen evolution; manganese cluster; X-ray spectroscopy ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MULTILINE EPR SIGNAL; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; FTIR DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT; MANGANESE CLUSTER; WATER OXIDATION; MN CLUSTER; UNDERGOES OXIDATION AB A detailed electronic structure of the Mn4Ca cluster is required before two key questions for understanding the mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation can be addressed. They are whether all four oxidizing equivalents necessary to oxidize water to O-2 accumulate on the four Mn ions of the oxygen-evolving complex, or do some ligand-centered oxidations take place before the formation and release of O-2 during the S-3 ->[S-4] -> S-0 transition, and what are the oxidation state assignments for the Mn during S-state advancement. X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy of Mn, including the newly introduced resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy have been used to address these questions. The present state of understanding of the electronic structure and oxidation state changes of the Mn4Ca cluster in all the S-states, particularly in the S-2 to S-3 transition, derived from these techniques is described in this review. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yano, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JYano@lbl.gov; VKYachandra@lbl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 55302, R01 GM055302, R56 GM055302] NR 67 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11120-007-9153-5 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 201BM UT WOS:000248806500003 PM 17429751 ER PT J AU Soramaki, K Bech, ML Arnold, J Glass, RJ Beyeler, WE AF Soramaki, Kimmo Bech, Morten L. Arnold, Jeffrey Glass, Robert J. Beyeler, Walter E. TI The topology of interbank payment flows SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE complex networks; scale-free networks; payment systems; economic networks ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; SYSTEM; WEB AB We explore the network topology of the interbank payments transferred between commercial banks over the Fedwire (R) Funds Service. We find that the network has both a low average path length and low connectivity. The network includes a tightly connected core of banks to which most other banks connect. The degree distribution is scale free over a substantial range. We find that the properties of the network changed considerably in the immediate aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fed Reserve Bank New York, New York, NY 10045 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Bech, ML (reprint author), Fed Reserve Bank New York, New York, NY 10045 USA. EM morten.bech@ny.frb.org OI Arnold, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9953-3904 NR 38 TC 155 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 1 BP 317 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.11.093 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 160RT UT WOS:000245960700029 ER PT J AU Wilke, RHT Samuely, P Szabo, P Holanova, Z Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Finnemore, DK AF Wilke, R. H. T. Samuely, P. Szabo, P. Holanova, Z. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Finnemore, D. K. TI Superconducting and normal state properties of carbon doped and neutron irradiated MgB2 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE MgB2; carbon doping; neutron irradiation ID MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; CRITICAL-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; ENHANCEMENT; SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY; POWDERS AB Current research in MgB2 focuses on the effects various types of perturbations have on the superconducting properties of this novel two-gap superconductor. In this article we summarize the effects of carbon doping and neutron irradiation in bulk MgB2. Low levels of carbon doping and light neutron irradiation result in significant enhancements in H-c2. At high fluences, where superconductivity is nearly fully suppressed, superconductivity can be restored through post exposure annealing. However, this results in a change in the interdependencies of the normal state and superconducting properties (p(0), T-c, H-c2), with little or no enhancement in H-c2 .(c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. IEP SAS, Ctr Low Temp Phys, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. FS UPJS, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Wilke, RHT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, Box 79, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rhtw11@gmail.com RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 456 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.12.007 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 182FE UT WOS:000247489700013 ER PT J AU Ager, JW Jones, RE Yamaguchi, DM Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Li, SX Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Ager, J. W., III Jones, R. E. Yamaguchi, D. M. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. Li, S. X. Haller, E. E. Lu, H. Schaff, W. J. TI p-type InN and In-rich InGaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2006 (IWN 2006) CY OCT 22-27, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Kansai Chapter & Solid State Phys & Applicat Div, Japan Soc Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconduct Photon & Elect Devices, Kyoto Nanotechnol Cluster, Ritsumeikan Univ, Frontier Semiconduct Nano Elect Ctr, Res Org Sci & Engn, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Lasers & Quantum Elect & Elect Devices, IEEE Kansai Chapter, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Japan Inoue Fdn Sci, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol, Japan World Exposit 70, JEC Fund Commemorat Org, Murata Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Fdn, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, Telecommun Advancement Fdn, Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd, NICHIA CORPORAT, NTT Photon Lab, ROHM CO Ltd, TOYODA GOSEK CO Ltd, AIXTRON AG, LayTec GmbH, MARUBUN CORPORAT, Rohm Haas Elect Mat K K, TAIYO NIPPON SANSO Corp ID SEMICONDUCTORS; EPITAXY AB Capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements using a liquid electrolyte as rectifying contact were used to provide definitive proof of p-type activity beneath a surface inversion layer in Mg-doped InN and In-rich InGaN. Analysis of CV data using the Poisson equation allows net charge as a function of depth to be determined. In undoped InN, good agreement of the net donor concentration below the surface accumulation layer with bulk Hall effect data is obtained. In Mg-doped InN and InGaN, the CV data are shown to be consistent with the presence of a net acceptor concentration N-A-N-D near 10(19) cm(-3) below a surface inversion layer. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JWAger@lbl.gov RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 244 IS 6 BP 1820 EP 1824 DI 10.1002/pssb.200674762 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179ZB UT WOS:000247328200013 ER PT J AU Stanek, CR Levy, MR McClellan, KJ Uberuaga, BP Grimes, RW AF Stanek, C. R. Levy, M. R. McClellan, K. J. Uberuaga, B. P. Grimes, R. W. TI Defect structure of ZrO2-doped rare earth perovskite scintillators (vol 242, pg R113, 2005) SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Stanek, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stanek@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 244 IS 6 BP 2288 EP 2288 DI 10.1002/pssb.200740113 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179ZB UT WOS:000247328200065 ER PT J AU Amini, JM Munger, CT Gould, H AF Amini, Jason M. Munger, Charles T., Jr. Gould, Harvey TI Electron electric-dipole-moment experiment using electric-field quantized slow cesium atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID UPPER LIMIT; SPLIT SUPERSYMMETRY; ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; THALLIUM FLUORIDE; VIOLATION; SEARCH; STATE; ASYMMETRY; PHYSICS; LINE AB A proof-of-principle electron electric-dipole-moment (e-EDM) experiment using slow cesium atoms, nulled magnetic fields, and electric-field quantization has been performed. With the ambient magnetic fields seen by the atoms reduced to less than 200 pT, an electric field of 6 MV/m lifts the degeneracy between states of unequal vertical bar m(F)vertical bar and, along with the low (approximate to 3 m/s) velocity, suppresses the systematic effect from the motional magnetic field. The low velocity and small residual magnetic field have made it possible to induce transitions between states and to perform state preparation, analysis, and detection in regions free of applied static magnetic and electric fields. This experiment demonstrates techniques that may be used to improve the e-EDM limit by two orders of magnitude, but it is not in itself a sensitive e-EDM search, mostly due to limitations of the laser system. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amini, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS 847-00,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM JAmini@PhysicsJazz.info; Charles@SLAC.stanford.edu; HAGould@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 063416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.063416 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300131 ER PT J AU Foster, M Colgan, J Al-Hagan, O Peacher, JL Madison, DH Pindzola, MS AF Foster, M. Colgan, J. Al-Hagan, O. Peacher, J. L. Madison, D. H. Pindzola, M. S. TI Angular distributions from photoionization of H-2(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; IONIZATION; MOLECULES; HYDROGEN AB A study is made of the differential cross sections arising from the photoionization of H-2(+). Previous studies indicated surprising differences in the shapes of the angular distributions calculated from exterior complex scaling and 2C methods. To further explore these differences, we have calculated the angular distributions from the photoionization of H-2(+) using an independent two-body Coulomb function (2C) method and a distorted wave approach. As a final test, we also present calculations using a time-dependent technique. Our results confirm the discrepancies found previously and we present possible reasons for these differences. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Lab Atom Mol & Opt Res, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Foster, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM foster@lanl.gov; madison@umr.edu; pindzola@physics.auburn.edu OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 062707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.062707 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300095 ER PT J AU Lu, T Miao, X Metcalf, H AF Lu, T. Miao, X. Metcalf, H. TI Nonadiabatic transitions in finite-time adiabatic rapid passage SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LIMIT AB To apply the adiabatic rapid passage process repetitively [T. Lu, X. Miao, and H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. A 71, 061405(R) (2005)], the nonadiabatic transition probability of a two-level atom subject to chirped light pulses over a finite period of time needs to be calculated. Using a unitary first-order perturbation method in the rotating adiabatic frame, an approximate formula has been derived for such transition probabilities in the entire parameter space of the pulses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lu, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 063422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.063422 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300137 ER PT J AU Siu, MS AF Siu, M. Stewart TI Adiabatic rotation, quantum search, and preparation of superposition states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We introduce the idea of using adiabatic rotation to generate superpositions of a large class of quantum states. For quantum computing this is an interesting alternative to the well-studied "straight line" adiabatic evolution. In ways that complement recent results, we show how to efficiently prepare three types of states: Kitaev's toric code state, the cluster state of the measurement-based computation model, and the history state used in the adiabatic simulation of a quantum circuit. We also show that the method, when adapted for quantum search, provides quadratic speedup as other optimal methods do with the advantages that the problem Hamiltonian is time independent and that the energy gap above the ground state is strictly nondecreasing with time. Likewise the method can be used for optimization as an alternative to the standard adiabatic algorithm. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Siu, MS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM msiu@stanford.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 062337 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.062337 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300075 ER PT J AU Wang, JC Lu, M Esteves, D Habibi, M Alna'washi, G Phaneuf, RA Kilcoyne, ALD AF Wang, Jing Cheng Lu, M. Esteves, D. Habibi, M. Alna'washi, G. Phaneuf, R. A. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. TI Photoionization and electron-impact ionization of Ar5+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ATOMIC DATA; IONS; ARGON AB Absolute cross sections for photoionization and electron-impact ionization of Ar5+ have been measured using two different interacting-beams setups. The spectra consist of measurements of the yield of products due to single ionization as a function of electron or photon energy. In addition, absolute photoionization and electron-impact ionization cross sections were measured to normalize the measured Ar6+ product-ion yield spectra. In the energy range from 90 to 111 eV, both electron-impact ionization and photoionization of Ar5+ are dominated by indirect 3s subshell excitation-autoionization. In the energy range from 270 to 285 eV, resonances due to 2p-3d excitation-autoionization are prominent in the photoionization spectrum. In the range from 225 to 335 eV, an enhancement due to 2p-nl (n > 2) excitations are evident in the electron-impact ionization cross section. The electron and photon impact data show some features due to excitation of the same intermediate autoionizing states. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 062712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.062712 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300100 ER PT J AU Aristov, DN Kiselev, MN Kikoin, K AF Aristov, D. N. Kiselev, M. N. Kikoin, K. TI Single-pole ladder at quarter filling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN; CHAINS; MODEL; S=1 AB We study the ground state and excitation spectrum of a quasi-one-dimensional system consisting of a pole and rungs oriented in opposite directions ("centipede ladder," CL) at quarter filling. The spin and charge excitation spectra are found in the limits of small and large longitudinal hoppings t(parallel to) compared to the on-rung hopping rate t(perpendicular to) and exchange coupling I-perpendicular to. At small t(parallel to), the system with ferromagnetic on-rung exchange demonstrates instability against dimerization. Coherent propagation of charge-transfer excitons is possible in this limit. At large t(parallel to), CL behaves like two-orbital Hubbard chain, but the gap opens in the charge excitation spectrum, thus reducing the symmetry from SU(4) to SU(2). The spin excitations are always gapless and their dispersion changes from quadratic magnonlike for ferromagnetic on-rung exchange to linear spinonlike for antiferromagnetic on-rung exchange in weak longitudinal hopping limit. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theor Kondensierten Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Aristov, DN (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theor Kondensierten Mat, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Kiselev, Mikhail/C-8726-2012; Aristov, Dmitry/J-4822-2013 OI Kiselev, Mikhail/0000-0003-2542-3686; NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 22 AR 224405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.224405 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EV UT WOS:000247624800052 ER PT J AU Baldo, MA Segal, M Shinar, J Soos, ZG AF Baldo, M. A. Segal, M. Shinar, J. Soos, Z. G. TI "Comment on 'Frequency response and origin of the spin-1/2 photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance in a pi-conjugated polymer'" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXCITONS; SINGLET AB In their Comment concerning the spin-(1)(2) resonance in MEH-PPV, Yang [Phys. Rev. B 75, 246201 (2007)] measure the microwave frequency response twice: once in the time domain and once in the frequency domain. Even accounting for possible variation in experimental conditions and the possible nonlinear dependence on microwave power, the reported data are inconsistent. We also demonstrate that the phase, microwave power, and temperature dependent data do not contradict the triplet-polaron quenching model. We conclude that the criticism in the Comment is unfounded. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Baldo, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM baldo@mit.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 246202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.246202 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000142 ER PT J AU Barnes, TM Van de Lagemaat, J Levi, D Rumbles, G Coutts, TJ Weeks, CL Britz, DA Levitsky, I Peltola, J Glatkowski, P AF Barnes, T. M. Van de Lagemaat, J. Levi, D. Rumbles, G. Coutts, T. J. Weeks, C. L. Britz, D. A. Levitsky, I. Peltola, J. Glatkowski, P. TI Optical characterization of highly conductive single-wall carbon-nanotube transparent electrodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FILMS; ABSORPTION; NETWORKS; PURIFICATION; RESISTIVITY; TRANSPORT; STATES; ROPES AB We report on a complete characterization of the optical dispersion properties of conducting thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The films studied exhibit sheet resistances between 50 and 1000 Omega/sq and optical transparencies between 65% and 95% on glass and quartz substrates. These films have the potential to replace transparent conducting oxides in applications such as photovoltaics and flat-panel displays; however, their optical properties are not sufficiently well understood. The SWCNT films are shown to be hole conductors, potentially enabling their use as hole-selective contacts and allowing alternative device designs. The fundamental optical, morphological, and electrical characteristics of the films are presented here, and a phenomenological optical model that accurately describes the optical behavior of the films is introduced. Particular attention is paid to ellipsometry measurements and thorough evaluation of the reflection and absorption spectra of the films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EIKOS Inc, Franklin, MA 02038 USA. RP Barnes, TM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010; van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235410 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900115 ER PT J AU Bihler, C Kraus, M Huebl, H Brandt, MS Goennenwein, STB Opel, M AF Bihler, C. Kraus, M. Huebl, H. Brandt, M. S. Goennenwein, S. T. B. Opel, M. TI Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetization reversal in Ga1-xMnxP synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE; GAN AB We report the observation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and the determination of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in (100)-oriented single-crystalline thin film samples of Ga1-xMnxP with x=0.042. The contributions to the magnetic anisotropy were determined by measuring the angular and the temperature dependencies of the FMR resonance fields and by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The largest contribution to the anisotropy is a uniaxial component perpendicular to the film plane; however, a negative contribution from cubic anisotropy is also found. Additional in-plane uniaxial components are observed at low temperatures, which lift the degeneracy between the in-plane [011] and [011] directions as well as between the in-plane [010] and [001] directions. Near T=5 K, the easy magnetization axis is close to the in-plane [011] direction. All anisotropy parameters decrease with increasing temperature and disappear above the Curie temperature T-C. A consistent picture of the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxP emerges from the FMR and magnetometry data. The latter can be successfully modeled when both coherent magnetization rotation and magnetic domain nucleation are considered. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst Tieftemp Forsch, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bihler, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, Coulombwall 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Opel, Matthias/L-8784-2016; Huebl, Hans/B-2485-2017; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017; OI Opel, Matthias/0000-0003-4735-9574; Huebl, Hans/0000-0003-3023-5209; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214419 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700071 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Stone, MB Kenzelmann, M Batista, CD Reich, DH Broholm, C AF Chen, Y. Stone, M. B. Kenzelmann, M. Batista, C. D. Reich, D. H. Broholm, C. TI Phase diagram and spin Hamiltonian of weakly-coupled anisotropic S=1/2 chains in CuCl2 center dot 2((CD3)(2)SO) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED GAP; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; COPPER BENZOATE; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; FERROMAGNETISM; DYNAMICS AB Field-dependent specific heat and neutron scattering measurements were used to explore the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain compound CuCl2 center dot 2((CD3)(2)SO). At zero field the system acquires magnetic long-range order below T-N=0.93 K with an ordered moment of 0.44 mu(B). An external field along the b axis strengthens the zero-field magnetic order, while fields along the a and c axes lead to a collapse of the exchange stabilized order at mu H-0(c)=6 T and mu H-0(c)=4 T (extrapolated to zero temperature) and the formation of an energy gap in the excitation spectrum. We relate the field-induced gap to the presence of a staggered g-tensor and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, which lead to effective staggered fields for magnetic fields applied along the a and c axes. Competition between anisotropy, interchain interactions, and staggered fields leads to a succession of three phases as a function of field applied along the c axis. For fields greater than mu H-0(c), we find a magnetic structure that reflects the symmetry of the staggered fields. The critical exponent, beta, of the temperature driven phase transitions are indistinguishable from those of the three-dimensional Heisenberg magnet, while measurements for transitions driven by quantum fluctuations produce larger values of beta. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214409 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700061 ER PT J AU Doyle, BP Carleschi, E Magnano, E Malvestuto, M Dee, AA Wills, AS Janssen, Y Canfield, PC AF Doyle, B. P. Carleschi, E. Magnano, E. Malvestuto, M. Dee, A. A. Wills, A. S. Janssen, Y. Canfield, P. C. TI Temperature-independent ytterbium valence in YbGaGe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZERO THERMAL-EXPANSION; X-RAY SOURCE; YB COMPOUNDS; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLUTION GROWTH; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; FULLERIDE; RESONANCE AB We have determined the ytterbium valence as a function of temperature in the reported near-zero thermal expansion material YbGaGe using x-ray photoemission at various incident photon energies. The Yb 3d, 4d, and 4f levels, which directly yield the Yb valence, have been measured. Careful analysis enabled the clear separation of surface and bulk contributions. Resonant photoemission at the 4d-4f absorption edge was used to enhance the low contribution of the Yb(3+) component. Contrary to the initially proposed Yb valence transition, we find no change in the valence from room temperature down to 115 K. C1 CNR, INFM, Lab Nazl TASC, I-34012 Basovizza, TS, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34012 Basovizza, TS, Italy. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London W1S 4BS, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Doyle, BP (reprint author), CNR, INFM, Lab Nazl TASC, SS 14,Km 163-5,Area Sci Pk, I-34012 Basovizza, TS, Italy. EM doyle@tasc.infm.it RI Malvestuto, Marco/I-4821-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Malvestuto, Marco/0000-0003-4418-035X; NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235109 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900046 ER PT J AU Etz, C Lazarovits, B Zabloudil, J Hammerling, R Ujfalussy, B Szunyogh, L Stocks, GM Weinberger, P AF Etz, C. Lazarovits, B. Zabloudil, J. Hammerling, R. Ujfalussy, B. Szunyogh, L. Stocks, G. M. Weinberger, P. TI Magnetic properties of FeCo nanoclusters on Cu(100): Ab initio calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; AG(001) SURFACE; TIGHT-BINDING; 4D CLUSTERS; ANISOTROPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSITION; MOMENTS; CU(001); ATOMS AB We present ab initio calculations of the magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropy energies of small FeCo clusters of varying composition on top of a Cu(100) substrate. Three different cluster layouts have been considered, namely, 2 x 2, 3 x 3, and crosslike pentamer clusters. The ratio of Co atoms with respect to the total number in a chosen cluster ("concentration") was varied and all possible arrangements of the atomic species were taken into account. Calculations have been performed fully relativistic using the embedded-cluster technique in conjunction with the screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) has been evaluated by means of the magnetic force theorem. A central result of the investigations is that the size of the magnetic moments of the individual Fe and Co atoms and their contributions to the anisotropy energy depend on the position they occupy in a particular cluster and on the type and the number of nearest neighbors. The MAE for the 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 clusters varies with respect to the concentration of Co atoms in the same manner as the corresponding monolayer case, whereas the pentamer clusters show a slightly different behavior. Furthermore, for the clusters with an easy axis along a direction in the surface plane, the MAE shows a significant angular dependence. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Vienna, Wolfgang Pauli Inst, Fak Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Theoret Phys, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Etz, C (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Gumpendorferstr 1A, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RI Szunyogh, Laszlo/A-7956-2010; Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Etz, Corina/E-3112-2014; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 245432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245432 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000131 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, Peter J. TI Substitutional NaCl hydration in ice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BASIS-SET; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; ENTROPY; METALS; IONS AB Na+ and Cl- can replace water molecules in ice Ih with minimal lattice strain and without disrupting the crystal's H-bond network. First-principles calculations show that substitutional solvation is endothermic by as little as 0.49 eV per ion pair. Interstitial ion solvation is less favorable by > 1.5 eV. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214113 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700039 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Kirby, BJ Roy, S Li, ZP Roshchin, IV Sinha, SK Schuller, IK AF Fitzsimmons, M. R. Kirby, B. J. Roy, S. Li, Zhi-Pan Roshchin, Igor V. Sinha, S. K. Schuller, Ivan K. TI Pinned magnetization in the antiferromagnet and ferromagnet of an exchange bias system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BILAYERS; REFLECTIVITY; MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; FILMS; MODEL AB Using polarized neutron reflectometry, we obtained separate depth profiles for pinned and unpinned magnetization across the interface of a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayer as a function of the sign of exchange bias. The pinned and unpinned magnetization depth profiles are nonuniform and extend well beyond the chemical interface, suggesting an interfacial region magnetically distinct from its surroundings. A model that includes pinned and unpinned moments in the ferromagnet and antiferromagnet is developed for a complete description of the data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Roshchin, Igor/I-5162-2012 NR 37 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214412 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700064 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Nishisaka, Y Kumagai, KI Kogerler, P Borsa, F AF Furukawa, Yuji Nishisaka, Yusuke Kumagai, Ken-ich Kogerler, Paul Borsa, Ferdinando TI Local spin moment configuration in the frustrated s=1/2 Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet V15 determined by NMR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLUSTER V-15 AB We report very low-temperature measurements of V-51 NMR spectra as a function of external magnetic field in the s=1/2 Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet cluster K-6[V15As6O42(H2O)]center dot 8H(2)O (V15), a simple prototype of a geometrically magnetic frustrated system. It is known that the frustration is relieved by a splitting of the degenerate ground state into two S-T=1/2 states. Our measurements allow the microscopic determination of the local spin configuration both in the nonfrustrated total spin S-T=3/2 state at high fields and in the two quasidegenerate S-T=1/2 ground states at low fields, where it is shown that the simple frustrated chiral configuration in the triangle is broken down into two different spin configurations corresponding to the two quasidegenerate S-T=1/2 states. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. INFM, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-127100 Pavia, Italy. INFM, Unita CNISM, I-127100 Pavia, Italy. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 22 AR 220402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.220402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EV UT WOS:000247624800005 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Crowhurst, JC Dewhurst, JK Sharma, S Sanloup, C Gregoryanz, E Guignot, N Mezouar, M AF Goncharov, Alexander F. Crowhurst, Jonathan C. Dewhurst, John K. Sharma, Sangeeta Sanloup, Chrystele Gregoryanz, Eugene Guignot, Nicolas Mezouar, Mohamed TI Thermal equation of state of cubic boron nitride: Implications for a high-temperature pressure scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; V-T EQUATION; EARTHS MANTLE; GOLD; CALIBRATION; EXPANSION; TRANSFORMATION; PEROVSKITE; PLATINUM; BOUNDARY AB The equation of state of cubic boron nitride (cBN) has been determined to a maximum temperature of 3300 K at a simultaneous static pressure of up to more than 70 GPa. Ab initio calculations to 80 GPa and 2000 K have also been performed. Our experimental data can be reconciled with theoretical results and with the known thermal expansion at 1 bar if we assume a small increase in pressure during heating relative to that measured at ambient temperature. The present data combined with the Raman measurements we presented earlier form the basis of a high-temperature pressure scale that is good to at least 3300 K. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Goncharov, AF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Sanloup, Chrystele/D-9923-2015 OI Sanloup, Chrystele/0000-0003-2412-6073 NR 49 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 22 AR 224114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.224114 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EV UT WOS:000247624800029 ER PT J AU Hupalo, M Tringides, MC AF Hupalo, M. Tringides, M. C. TI Ultrafast kinetics in Pb/Si(111) from the collective spreading of the wetting layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; FILMS; SI(111); PB AB Although quantum size effects in Pb/Si(111) control the selection of uniform island heights, the fast formation time (after deposition of few minutes at T similar to 180 K) has been puzzling so far. By studying the island growth in stepwise deposition experiments, we demonstrate the important role of the wetting layer in the kinetics. Pb is transferred to unstable islands, not by independent atom hops, but by the continuous spreading of the wetting layer from the surrounding area to the island top. As Pb is moved to the top in ring-like morphology the underlying 7x7 reconstruction in the surrounding area emerges gradually. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tringides, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tringides@ameslab.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235443 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235443 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900148 ER PT J AU Idrobo, JC Ogut, S Nemeth, K Jellinek, J Ferrando, R AF Idrobo, Juan C. Ogut, Serdar Nemeth, Karoly Jellinek, Julius Ferrando, Riccardo TI First-principles isomer-specific absorption spectra of Ag-11 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SMALL SILVER CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; ENERGY; ACCURATE AB The atomic structures, static polarizabilities, and optical absorption spectra of eight low-energy isomers of Ag-11 are investigated from first principles within static and time-dependent density functional theory. The energies of all eight fall within a range of similar to 0.3 eV in width. It is the spectrum of the lowest-energy isomer that exhibits the best overall agreement with the available measured spectra. The analysis indicates that the d electrons play an important role in the optical excitations of Ag-11; the degree of their contribution to the spectra is larger than that found in smaller silver clusters. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, INFM, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Idrobo, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Ferrando, Riccardo /C-4066-2011; Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015 OI Ferrando, Riccardo /0000-0003-2750-9061; Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 233411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900030 ER PT J AU Jackson, DD McCall, SK Weir, ST Karki, AB Young, DP Qiu, W Vohra, YK AF Jackson, D. D. McCall, S. K. Weir, S. T. Karki, A. B. Young, D. P. Qiu, W. Vohra, Y. K. TI Cubic Laves ferromagnet TbNi2Mn investigated through ambient-pressure magnetization and specific heat and high pressure ac magnetic susceptibility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; RARE-EARTH; TRANSITION-METALS; COERCIVE FIELD; DOMAIN-WALLS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEM; MOMENT; ONSET AB TbNi2Mn is a cubic Laves material, isostructural to TbNi2, with the Mn sitting on both the Tb and the Ni lattice positions. It is ferromagnetic at ambient pressure at T-C=151 K and has been investigated in detail at ambient pressure through magnetization and specific heat with various applied magnetic fields. It displays Curie-Weiss behavior above T-C, with an effective moment of 8.43 mu(B)/f.u., and isothermal magnetization at various temperatures is consistent with narrow domain walls. The low-temperature specific heat results in a linear contribution of 65 mJ/mol K-2 and a Debye temperature of theta(D)=188 K. The ac magnetic susceptibility has been investigated using designer diamond anvils up to 28.3 GPa. A magnetic anomaly at T-* is investigated as a function of both magnetic field and pressure, both of which have very little effect for fields less than the coercive force. The Curie temperature decreases at a rate of dT(C)/dP=-1.96 K/GPa, and differences between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic conditions are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35124 USA. RP Jackson, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 22 AR 224422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.224422 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EV UT WOS:000247624800069 ER PT J AU Kafesaki, M Tsiapa, I Katsarakis, N Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM Economou, EN AF Kafesaki, M. Tsiapa, I. Katsarakis, N. Koschny, Th. Soukoulis, C. M. Economou, E. N. TI Left-handed metamaterials: The fishnet structure and its variations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; TRANSMISSION; REFRACTION AB We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, a left-handed metamaterial design composed of pairs of short slabs connected with continuous wires, operating in microwave frequency regime. The design was found to give left-handed behavior for a wide range of structure parameters, maintaining high impedance match with free space. We introduce a capacitor-inductor circuit description of the design and we show that this description can account for all the characteristics of its electromagnetic behavior, explaining also its superior performance. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Inst Educ Technol, Dept Sci, Iraklion 71004, Crete, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. RP Kafesaki, M (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576 NR 20 TC 259 Z9 267 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235114 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900051 ER PT J AU Kim, MH Acbas, G Yang, MH Ohkubo, I Christen, H Mandrus, D Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Schlesinger, Z Khalifah, P Cerne, J AF Kim, M.-H. Acbas, G. Yang, M.-H. Ohkubo, I. Christen, H. Mandrus, D. Scarpulla, M. A. Dubon, O. D. Schlesinger, Z. Khalifah, P. Cerne, J. TI Determination of the infrared complex magnetoconductivity tensor in itinerant ferromagnets from Faraday and Kerr measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM METALS; ION-IMPLANTATION; HALL; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SCATTERING; SRRUO3; TC AB We present measurement and analysis techniques that allow the complete complex magnetoconductivity tensor to be determined from midinfrared (11-1.6 mu m; 100-800 meV) measurements of the complex Faraday (theta(F)) and Kerr (theta(K)) angles. Since this approach involves measurement of the geometry (orientation axis and ellipticity of the polarization) of transmitted and reflected light, no absolute transmittance or reflectance measurements are required. Thick-film transmission and reflection equations are used to convert the complex theta(F) and theta(K) into the complex longitudinal conductivity sigma(xx) and the complex transverse (Hall) conductivity sigma(xy). theta(F) and theta(K) are measured in a Ga1-xMnxAs and SrRuO3 films. The resulting sigma(xx) is compared to the values obtained from conventional transmittance and reflectance measurements, as well as the results from Kramers-Kronig analysis of reflectance measurements on similar films. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kim, MH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; OHKUBO, Isao/B-9553-2013; OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; OHKUBO, Isao/0000-0002-4187-0112; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214416 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700068 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE AF Koshelev, A. E. TI Magnetic oscillations of critical current in intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL WHISKERS; VORTEX LATTICE; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD DEPENDENCE; VORTICES; FLOW; BI2SR2CACU2O8+Y; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB A key phenomenon related to the Josephson effect is oscillations of the different properties of superconducting tunneling junctions with magnetic field. We consider magnetic oscillations of the critical current in stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions, which are realized in mesas fabricated from layered high-temperature superconductors. The oscillation behavior is very different from the case of a single junction. Depending on the stack lateral size, oscillations may have either the period of half a flux quantum per junction (wide-stack regime) or one flux quantum per junction (narrow-stack regime). We study in detail the crossover between these two regimes. The typical size separating the regimes is proportional to the magnetic field, meaning that the crossover can be driven by the magnetic field. In the narrow-stack regime the lattice structure experiences a periodic series of phase transitions between aligned rectangular configurations and triangular configurations. Triangular configurations in this regime are realized only in narrow regions near magnetic-field values corresponding to an integer number of flux quanta per junction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214513 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700098 ER PT J AU Lany, S Osorio-Guillen, J Zunger, A AF Lany, Stephan Osorio-Guillen, Jorge Zunger, Alex TI Origins of the doping asymmetry in oxides: Hole doping in NiO versus electron doping in ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SPECTRA AB The doping response of the prototypical transparent oxides NiO (p-type), ZnO (n-type), and MgO (insulating) is caused by spontaneous formation of compensating centers, leading to Fermi-level pinning at critical Fermi energies. We study the doping principles in these oxides by first-principles calculations of carrier-producing or -compensating defects and of the natural band offsets, and identify the dopability trends with the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the oxides. We find that the room-temperature free-hole density of cation-deficient NiO is limited by a too large ionization energy of the Ni vacancy, but it can be strongly increased by extrinsic dopants with shallower acceptor levels. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/B-7587-2008; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/0000-0002-7384-8999; Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 NR 30 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 241203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.241203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000007 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Suzuki, A Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF AF Mishin, Y. Suzuki, A. Uberuaga, B. P. Voter, A. F. TI Stick-slip behavior of grain boundaries studied by accelerated molecular dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; VELOCITY DEPENDENCE; MOTION; JUNCTION; POINT; FIELD AB We apply parallel-replica molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations to study the peak stress versus velocity relation during stress-driven grain-boundary (GB) migration coupled to shear deformation. Because of the limited time scale of regular MD, all previous atomistic simulations of GB migration were implemented at velocities orders of magnitude higher than experiment. By accelerating MD simulations, the parallel-replica method has allowed us to greatly expand the velocity range and finally approach the experimental velocities. The GB motion observed in this work follows the general stress-velocity relation characteristic of stick-slip dynamics over a wide velocity interval. At the high-velocity end of this interval, the finite damping rate causes a reversal of the stress-velocity curve. At low velocities, we begin to see reverses of GB displacements, indicating the approaching crossover between the stick-slip and driven Brownian regimes. This study points to a close analogy between couple GB motion in crystals and other known cases of stick-slip dynamics, including the tip movements in atomic friction microscopy. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@gmu.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 34 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 22 AR 224101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.224101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EV UT WOS:000247624800016 ER PT J AU Nelson, CS Mo, H Bohnenbuck, B Strempfer, J Kikugawa, N Ikeda, SI Yoshida, Y AF Nelson, C. S. Mo, H. Bohnenbuck, B. Strempfer, J. Kikugawa, N. Ikeda, S. I. Yoshida, Y. TI Spin-charge-lattice coupling near the metal-insulator transition in Ca3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We report x-ray scattering studies of the c-axis lattice parameter in Ca3Ru2O7 as a function of temperature and magnetic field. These structural studies complement published transport and magnetization data, and therefore elucidate the spin-charge-lattice coupling near the metal-insulator transition. Strong anisotropy of the structural change for field applied along orthogonal in-plane directions is observed. Competition between a spin-polarized phase that does not couple to the lattice and an antiferromagnetic metallic phase that does gives rise to a rich behavior for B parallel to b. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. DESY, Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Nelson, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Ikeda, Shinichi/I-5829-2012 OI Ikeda, Shinichi/0000-0003-2134-7786 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 212403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.212403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700012 ER PT J AU Park, KT Pan, M Meunier, V Plummer, EW AF Park, K. T. Pan, M. Meunier, V. Plummer, E. W. TI Reoxidation of TiO2(110) via Ti interstitials and line defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GOLD CATALYSTS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; OXYGEN VACANCIES; BASIS-SET; SURFACE; DIFFUSION; PHOTOCATALYSIS AB The interaction of oxygen with line defects of Ti interstitials on a TiO2(110) surface is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and first-principles calculations. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations show that an oxygen molecule dissociatively adsorbs on a row of Ti interstitials. Oxygen atoms subsequently surround a Ti interstitial to form the equatorial plane of a partially complete octahedron, a basic building block for single- and double-strand formation. Upon the exposure of single strands to oxygen at room temperature, bright spots preferentially agglomerate on and along strands. The STM images of the bright spots, interpreted with density functional theory, indicate that they are TiOx (x < 2) aggregates and that strands may serve as nucleation sites for the surface growth. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Park, KT (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 245415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245415 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000114 ER PT J AU Passian, A Lereu, AL Yi, D Barhen, S Thundat, T AF Passian, A. Lereu, A. L. Yi, D. Barhen, S. Thundat, T. TI Stochastic excitation and delayed oscillation of a micro-oscillator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; NOISE; MICROCANTILEVER; AMPLIFICATION; CANTILEVERS; EQUATIONS; FEEDBACK AB Stochastic processes in the form of the classical Brownian motion or internal phonon fluctuations may be studied by the use of a microcantilever. We present certain dynamic aspects of the behavior of the noise and the delayed fluctuations exhibited by a microcantilever. In particular, we present an analytic solution describing the transient response of the oscillator and discuss how self-excitation may determine the presence of small delays and, conversely, how delay-induced excitation may provide sensory information. As an application of the analysis, we present dynamic measurement of surface displacement with a preliminary sensitivity of 2 Hz/mu m in the chosen frequency window, which may effectively be extended to the nanometer regime. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lereu, Aude/P-6414-2016 OI Lereu, Aude/0000-0001-7390-7832 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 233403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900022 ER PT J AU Piryatinski, A Tretiak, S Sewell, TD McGrane, SD AF Piryatinski, Andrei Tretiak, Sergei Sewell, Thomas D. McGrane, Shawn D. TI Vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic materials: Semiempirical calculations of anharmonic couplings and infrared and Raman linewidths in naphthalene and PETN crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We have developed a computational approach that yields anharmonic vibrational couplings in molecular crystals. The approach is based on anharmonic vibrational potential-energy surface reconstruction starting from a normal-mode vibrational basis. The method was implemented for semiempirical Hamiltonians with periodic boundary conditions, with applications to crystalline naphthalene and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. For each material, we predicted infrared and Raman linewidths, and vibrational anharmonic couplings associated with up- and down-conversions, as well as pure-dephasing processes. Comparison is made to experimental data for Raman linewidths and averaged anharmonic couplings; reasonable agreement is obtained, suggesting that implementation of the method within a first-principles electronic structure framework is warranted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Piryatinski, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM apiryat@anl.gov RI Piryatinski, Andrei/B-5543-2009; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Mcgrane, Shawn/0000-0002-2978-3980 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214306 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700050 ER PT J AU Plucinski, L Zhao, Y Sinkovic, B Vescovo, E AF Plucinski, L. Zhao, Y. Sinkovic, B. Vescovo, E. TI MgO/Fe(100) interface: A study of the electronic structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; OXIDE-FILMS; MGO; FE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; POLARIZATION AB Epitaxial MgO(100) films, deposited on the Fe(100) surface by direct evaporation of stoichiometric magnesium oxide under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, are examined by spin-polarized valence-band photoemission and magnetic linear dichroism in core-level spectroscopy. The excellent quality of the MgO films prepared in this way is clearly revealed by relatively small photocurrent intensity observed above the MgO valence-band maximum and by spectral features in the photoemission data. No evidence of the formation of an interfacial FeO layer is found in this MgO/Fe(100) system. Only a structural reordering is promoted by annealing the interface up to 400 degrees C, as evident by the minute changes in the photoemission spectra. Further annealing to 500 degrees C, however, leads to more substantial changes in the spectra, possibly related to further ordering of the interface and/or partial uncovering of the Fe(100) metal due to MgO desorption and/or clustering. The influence of screening effects from the Fe(100) substrate to the photohole created by the photoemission process in the MgO overlayer is also examined. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Plucinski, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM plucinski@phys.uconn.edu RI Plucinski, Lukasz/J-4987-2013 OI Plucinski, Lukasz/0000-0002-6865-7274 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214411 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700063 ER PT J AU Shen, MM Wen, JM Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Shen, Mingmin Wen, J.-M. Jenks, C. J. Thiel, P. A. Liu, Da-Jiang Evans, J. W. TI Ripening of monolayer vacancy pits on metal surfaces: Pathways, energetics, and size-scaling for Ag(111) versus Ag(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ISLANDS; AB-INITIO; BROWNIAN-MOTION; SELF-DIFFUSION; AG ISLANDS; STEP; NANOSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; FILM AB Scanning tunneling microscopy studies have revealed that monolayer-deep vacancy pits typically coarsen at 300 K via Smoluchowski ripening (SR) on Ag(111) surfaces and via Ostwald ripening (OR) on Ag(100) surfaces. We elucidate the underlying atomistic processes, the relevant energetics with some input from density functional theory analysis, and also the scaling of the ripening rate with mean pit size. Size scaling for SR reflects the size dependence of the pit diffusion coefficient, so we also discuss observed deviations from classical theories. SR dominates OR for pits on Ag(111) primarily due to its significantly lower effective energy barrier. However, the effective barrier for OR is not lower than that for SR for pits on Ag(100), and one must also account for the distinct size scaling of these pathways to explain the dominance of OR. We also briefly discuss the dependence on temperature of the dominant ripening pathway and the ripening behavior for adatom islands. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US DOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shen, MM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US DOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Shen, Mingmin/A-9293-2012 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 245409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245409 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000108 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Fernandez-Alonso, F Adroja, DT Dalal, NS Villagran, D Cotton, FA Nagler, SE AF Stone, M. B. Fernandez-Alonso, F. Adroja, D. T. Dalal, N. S. Villagran, D. Cotton, F. A. Nagler, S. E. TI Inelastic neutron scattering study of a quantum spin trimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEBYE-WALLER FACTOR; EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR LATTICE; FREQUENCY MOLECULAR-MODES; COOLED COPPER TRIMER; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BENZOIC-ACID; ISOLATED CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; IONS AB We present an inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of the excitation spectrum of a quantum S=1/2 equilateral Heisenberg trimer, Cu-3(O2C16H23)(6)1.2C(6)H(12). The magnetic properties of the system can be described by an ensemble of independent equilateral triangles of S=1/2 Cu2+ ions. With antiferromagnetic Heisenberg coupling, the ground state of each trimer is a degenerate pair of S=1/2 doublets, with a quartet S=3/2 excited state. Previous bulk measurements led to an estimate for the excitation energy of 28 meV. Here, we report INS measurements that can provide a direct measurement of magnetic excitation energies. These measurements are challenging since inter- and intramolecular vibrational modes associated with the organic ligands are at frequencies similar to the magnetic excitations. Measurements on a nonmagnetic compound with the same ligands as well as the temperature dependence of the neutron scattering cross section are used to identify the vibrational modes. This leads to an identification of the magnetic excitation energy as being approximately 37 meV at T=10 K, with a gradual softening with increasing temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Magnet Resonance, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fernandez-Alonso, Felix/C-2505-2008; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Villagran, Dino/C-2807-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214427 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700079 ER PT J AU Sunder, K Bracht, H Nicols, SP Haller, EE AF Sunder, Kirsten Bracht, Hartmut Nicols, Samuel P. Haller, Eugene E. TI Zinc and gallium diffusion in gallium antimonide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELF-DIFFUSION; ZN-DIFFUSION; NATIVE DEFECTS; GASB; SOLUBILITY; SIMULATION AB Extrinsic diffusion of zinc (Zn) in gallium antimonide (GaSb) under Ga-rich conditions was analyzed on the basis of the kick-out and the dissociative diffusion mechanism. Accurate modeling of the experimental profiles by means of continuum theoretical calculations reveals that Zn diffusion proceeds via singly positively charged Zn interstitials (Zn-i(+)). The changeover of Zn-i(+) to substitutional gallium (Ga) sites, thereby forming the acceptor dopant Zn-Ga(-), is concluded to be mainly mediated by neutral I-Ga(0) and singly positively charged Ga interstitials I-Ga(+) via the kick-out mechanism. Fitting of the Zn profiles provides the reduced Zn-i(+)-mediated Zn diffusion coefficient and the relative contributions of I-Ga(0) and I-Ga(+) to Ga diffusion. These contributions to Ga diffusion are lower than the directly measured Ga diffusion coefficient, which indicates that Ga diffusion in GaSb is rather mediated by Ga vacancies than by Ga interstitials even under Ga-rich conditions. This finding supports the transformation reaction between native point defects in GaSb that was previously proposed to explain the Ga-vacancy-mediated diffusion of Ga in GaSb under Ga-rich conditions [H. Bracht Nature (London) 408, 69 (2000)]. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Mat Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bracht, H (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Mat Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM bracht@uni-muenster.de NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 245210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245210 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000063 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Singh, DJ AF Takenaka, H. Singh, D. J. TI Bonding of H in O vacancies of ZnO: Density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON GENERATOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON-IMPACT; HARTREE-FOCK; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN; HYDRIDE; SCINTILLATOR; SURFACES; STATE AB We investigate the bonding of H in O vacancies in ZnO using density functional calculations. We find that H is anionic and does not form multicenter bonds with Zn in this compound. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 24 AR 241102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.241102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EX UT WOS:000247625000002 ER PT J AU Wang, DM Ren, YH Liu, X Furdyna, JK Grimsditch, M Merlin, R AF Wang, D. M. Ren, Y. H. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. Grimsditch, M. Merlin, R. TI Light-induced magnetic precession in (Ga,Mn)As slabs: Hybrid standing-wave Damon-Eshbach modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNET; GA1-XMNXAS; ANISOTROPY; RESONANCE; PULSES; FILMS; FIELD AB Coherent oscillations associated with spin precessions were observed in ultrafast optical experiments on ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As films. Using a complete theoretical description of the processes by which light couples to the magnetization, values for the anisotropy constants and the spin stiffness were unambiguously determined from the data. Estimates for the hole-Mn exchange coupling are significantly larger than those previously reported. Results also reveal an important negative contribution to the energy due to surface anisotropy leading to excitations that are a mixture of bulk waves and surface modes. C1 Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ren, YH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Merlin, Roberto/0000-0002-5584-0248 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 233308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900017 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zeng, ZM Han, XF Zhang, XG Sun, XC Zhang, Z AF Wang, Y. Zeng, Z. M. Han, X. F. Zhang, X. G. Sun, X. C. Zhang, Z. TI Temperature-dependent mn-diffusion modes in CoFeB- and CoFe-based magnetic tunnel junctions: Electron-microscopy studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BIAS VOLTAGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERDIFFUSION; MULTILAYERS AB We show that Mn atoms diffuse with two different mechanisms at high and low temperatures in CoFeB- and CoFe-based magnetic tunnel junctions. By combining high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we reveal that below 300 degrees C, the amorphous CoFeB and the textured CoFe are equally effective in blocking the diffusion of Mn, contradicting the conventional wisdom that the diffusion occurs primarily along grain boundaries. Below 300 degrees C, Mn diffusion in crystalline CoFe occurs through the bulk and is assisted by oxygen atoms which only diffuse parallel to the bcc close-packed (110) plane. Above 300 degrees C, Mn diffuses through vacancies along the grain boundaries of CoFe and in the bulk of amorphous CoFeB. A universal diffusion temperature is proposed based on an isokinetic relation. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hubei Univ, Fac Phys & Elect Technol, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. RP Han, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM xfhan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Yong/A-7766-2010; zeng, zhongming/A-3499-2011; Sun, Xiangcheng/O-1852-2013 OI Wang, Yong/0000-0002-9893-8296; NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 21 AR 214424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214424 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EU UT WOS:000247624700076 ER PT J AU Wood, RF Pannala, S Wells, JC Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB AF Wood, R. F. Pannala, S. Wells, J. C. Puretzky, A. A. Geohegan, D. B. TI Simple model of the interrelation between single- and multiwall carbon nanotube growth rates for the CVD process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; FILAMENT GROWTH; AB-INITIO; NICKEL; KINETICS; NUCLEATION; SURFACE; SEGREGATION; DEPENDENCE AB Recent time-resolved measurements of carbon nanotube (CNT) growth on Fe and Fe/Mo catalysts have identified a maximum growth rate and temperature corresponding to the onset of small-diameter, single-wall CNT (SWNT) formation. A simple model described here emphasizes the essential role of the SWNTs in the growth process of CNTs. Remarkably, it shows that the growth rate (i.e., the time derivative of the length) of a multiwalled CNT is the same as that of a SWNT at the carbon flux and diffusion coefficient corresponding to a given temperature. Moreover, below similar to 700 degrees C, the temperature above which SWNT growth is observed for a 6 sccm (cubic centimeter per minute at STP) C2H2 flow rate, the number of walls as a function of temperature is uniquely determined by the interplay of the incident flux of atomic C and diffusion rates consistent with bulk diffusion. Even partial melting of the catalytic particle is unnecessary to explain the experimental results on growth rate and number of walls. Above 700 degrees C, where severe catalyst poisoning ordinarily begins, the growth rate without poisoning is consistent with recent results of Hata and co-workers [Science 306, 1362 (2004); Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 056104 (2005)] for "supergrowth". C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pannala, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pannalas@ornl.gov RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235446 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235446 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900151 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Luo, JW Li, SS Xia, JB Li, JB Wei, SH AF Xu, Qiang Luo, Jun-Wei Li, Shu-Shen Xia, Jian-Bai Li, Jingbo Wei, Su-Huai TI Chemical trends of defect formation in Si quantum dots: The case of group-III and group-V dopants SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; N-TYPE; SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCRYSTALS; BORON AB Using first-principles methods, we have systematically calculated the defect formation energies and transition energy levels of group-III and group-V impurities doped in H passivated Si quantum dots (QDs) as functions of the QD size. The general chemical trends found in the QDs are similar to that found in bulk Si. We show that defect formation energy and transition energy level increase when the size of the QD decreases; thus, doping in small Si QDs becomes more difficult. B-Si has the lowest acceptor transition energy level, and it is more stable near the surface than at the center of the H passivated Si QD. On the other hand, P-Si has the smallest donor ionization energy, and it prefers to stay at the interior of the H passivated Si QD. We explained the general chemical trends and the dependence on the QD size in terms of the atomic chemical potentials and quantum confinement effects. C1 Acad Sinica, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Inst Semicond, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, JB (reprint author), Acad Sinica, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Inst Semicond, POB 912, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RI LUO, JUN-WEI/A-8491-2010; LUO, JUNWEI/B-6545-2013 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235304 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900076 ER PT J AU Zeng, L Helgren, E Hellman, F Islam, R Smith, DJ Ager, JW AF Zeng, Li Helgren, E. Hellman, F. Islam, R. Smith, David J. Ager, J. W., III TI Microstructure, magnetotransport, and magnetic properties of Gd-doped amorphous carbon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; POSITIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE; DIAMOND FILMS; ALLOYS; SI; COMPOSITES; SYSTEMS AB The magnetic rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) was doped into thin films of amorphous carbon (hydrogenated a-C:H, or hydrogen-free a-C) using magnetron cosputtering. The Gd acted as a magnetic as well as an electrical dopant, resulting in an enormous negative magnetoresistance below a temperature (T-'). Hydrogen was introduced to control the amorphous carbon bonding structure. High-resolution electron microscopy, ion-beam analysis, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the influence of Gd doping on the a-GdxC1-x(:H-y) film morphology, composition, density, and bonding. The films were largely amorphous and homogeneous up to x=22.0 at. %. As the Gd doping increased, the sp(2)-bonded carbon atoms evolved from carbon chains to 6-member graphitic rings. Incorporation of H opened up the graphitic rings and stabilized a sp(2)-rich carbon-chain random network. The transport properties not only depended on Gd doping, but were also very sensitive to the sp(2) ordering. Magnetic properties, such as the spin-glass freezing temperature and susceptibility, scaled with the Gd concentration. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeng, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lzeng@ucsd.edu RI Zeng, Li/B-5932-2008; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 23 AR 235450 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235450 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 184EW UT WOS:000247624900155 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, SL Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Dash, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Ganti, MS Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Gorbunov, YG Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Millane, J Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Razin, SV Reinnarth, J Relyea, D Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Sumbera, M Sun, Z Surrow, B Swanger, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van der Kolk, N van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, VP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yurevich, VI Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Adams, J. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Amonett, J. Anderson, B. D. Anderson, M. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Bekele, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, S.-L. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M. Castillo, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Das, S. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, W. J. Dong, X. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Dutta Mazumdar, M. R. Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Filimonov, K. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Ganti, M. S. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gonzalez, J. E. Gorbunov, Y. G. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gutierrez, T. D. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jiang, H. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kramer, M. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C.-H. Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Long, H. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Magestro, D. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu. Meschanin, A. Millane, J. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mishra, D. K. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Molnar, L. Moore, C. F. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Panitkin, S. Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Picha, R. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Rakness, G. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Razin, S. V. Reinnarth, J. Relyea, D. Retiere, F. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schweda, K. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sood, G. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Stolpovsky, A. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sugarbaker, E. Sumbera, M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Swanger, M. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Tai, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van der Kolk, N. van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, V. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wood, J. Wu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I.-K. Yurevich, V. I. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Strange particle production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; THERMAL HADRON-PRODUCTION; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; GEV CM ENERGY; STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; AU+AU COLLISIONS AB We present strange particle spectra and yields measured at midrapidity in root s = 200 GeV proton-proton (p + p) collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We find that the previously observed universal transverse mass (m(T) = root PT2 + m(2)) scaling of hadron production in p + p collisions seems to break down at higher m(T) and that there is a difference in the shape of the m(T) spectrum between baryons and mesons. We observe midrapidity antibaryon to baryon ratios near unity for Lambda and Xi baryons and no dependence of the ratio on transverse momentum, indicating that our data do not yet reach the quark-jet dominated region. We show the dependence of the mean transverse momentum < p(T)> on measured charged particle multiplicity and on particle mass and infer that these trends are consistent with gluon-jet dominated particle production. The data are compared with previous measurements made at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and Intersecting Storage Rings and in Fermilab experiments and with leading-order and next-to-leading-order string fragmentation model predictions. We infer from these comparisons that the spectral shapes and particle yields from p + p collisions at RHIC energies have large contributions from gluon jets rather than from quark jets. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Part Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. HZNU, CCNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013 OI van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; NR 74 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064901 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200047 ER PT J AU Blaschke, DB Dumm, DG Grunfeld, AG Klahn, T Scoccola, NN AF Blaschke, D. B. Gomez Dumm, D. Grunfeld, A. G. Klahn, T. Scoccola, N. N. TI Hybrid stars within a covariant, nonlocal chiral quark model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; DIRAC-BRUECKNER APPROACH; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; NEUTRON-STARS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; COMPACT STARS; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STRANGE STARS; CONDENSATION; TRANSITION AB We present a hybrid equation of state (EoS) for dense matter in which a nuclear matter phase is described within the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach and a two-flavor quark matter phase is modelled according to a recently developed covariant, nonlocal chiral quark model. We show that modern observational constraints for compact star masses (M similar to 2M(circle dot)) can be satisfied when a small vector-like four quark interaction is taken into account. The corresponding isospin symmetric EoS is consistent with flow data analyses of heavy ion collisions and points to a deconfinement transition at about 0.55 fm(-3). C1 Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. JINR Dubna, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Natl Univ La Plata, Ist Fis La Plata, CONICET, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Blaschke, DB (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Max Born Pl 9, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. EM blaschke@ift.uni.wroc.pl; dumm@fisica.unlp.edu.ar; ag.grunfeld@gmail.com; thomas.klaehn@googlemail.com; scoccola@tandar.cnea.gov.ar NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 065804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.065804 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200065 ER PT J AU Bonneau, L Quentin, P Mikhailov, IN AF Bonneau, L. Quentin, P. Mikhailov, I. N. TI Scission configurations and their implication in fission-fragment angular momenta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PROMPT GAMMA-RAYS; CROSS-SECTION RATIOS; GROUND-STATE MASSES; COLLECTIVE MODES; NUCLEAR-FISSION; COLD FISSION; HEAVY-NUCLEI; CF-252; NEUTRON; FUSION AB The generation of sizable angular momenta in fragments formed in low-energy nuclear fission is described microscopically within the general quantum-mechanical framework of orientation pumping due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Within this framework, we make use of the results of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock plus BCS-pairing calculations of fragment deformabilities to deduce a distribution of fission-fragment spins as a function of the fragment total excitation energy. We consider a fragmentation corresponding to a pair of deformed fragments and for which fission data are available. The properties of the scission configurations determine to a large extent the fission-fragment spins. This is why we pay particular attention to quantitatively defining the scission configurations and to studying the various implications of such a specific choice. A fair qualitative agreement with data is demonstrated and discussed within the limits of the simple scission-configuration model used here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan,UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Bonneau, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064313 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200021 ER PT J AU Campbell, DB Laird, RW Riley, MA Simpson, J Kondev, FG Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Fischer, SM Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Ragnarsson, I AF Campbell, D. B. Laird, R. W. Riley, M. A. Simpson, J. Kondev, F. G. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Brown, T. B. Carpenter, M. P. Fallon, P. Fischer, S. M. Lauritsen, T. Nisius, D. Ragnarsson, I. TI Rotational structures and their evolution with spin in Gd-152 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE DATA; NUCLEI; BANDS AB The fusion-evaporation reaction involving a 175 MeV S-36 beam and a Sn-124 target was performed, and the emitted gamma rays were observed with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Significant additions to the level scheme of Gd-152 were made in spite of the relative weakness of the alpha 4n exit channel, being only similar to 2% of the total fusion cross-section. The high-spin behavior of Gd-152 was compared with that of other N=88 nuclei. A striking similarity was observed with Dy-154 and it is therefore suggested that the angular-momentum-induced shape changes that take place in Dy-154 also occur in Gd-152 in the 30-40h spin range. This is supported by Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations which were used to interpret the high-spin bands. It is found that a better agreement between calculation and experiment is obtained if the Z=64 shell gap increases with a decreasing number of valence particles outside the doubly-closed Gd-146(64)82 nucleus. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Texas Lutheran Univ, Dept Phys, Seguin, TX 78023 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Nucl Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Campbell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064314 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200022 ER PT J AU Fischer, SM AF Fischer, S. M. TI Mapping the periphery of deformation in the A similar to 80 region: A study of Nb-83 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PROJECTED SHELL-MODEL; HIGH-SPIN STATES; RP-PROCESS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; Z LINE; NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES; BEHAVIOR AB Nb-83 has been studied in order to locate the upper extent of large deformation in the N similar to Z similar to 40 region and ascertain its sign and magnitude. The decay scheme has been considerably extended by studying gamma decay following the Ni-58(Si-28, p2n)Nb-83 reaction at 204 and 215 MeV and using Gammasphere. Both signature partners of two rotational bands have been observed. The band properties support a I-pi=5/2(+) ground state spin assignment. The in-band branching ratios and multipole mixing ratios were found to be consistent with significant prolate deformation, as found in other N=42 isotones. The bands are particularly similar to the isotone Y-81. A projected shell model analysis has been performed which provides good reproduction of the features of both bands. The calculations indicate the nucleus to be nearly axially symmetric. Nb-82,Nb-83 may be the heaviest nuclei in the A similar to 80 region with large deformation. The deformation is predicted to fall in heavier systems approaching Sn-100. The conditions appear to be right for the occurrence of K isomers. C1 De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Xuzhou Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Xuzhou 221009, Jaingsu, Peoples R China. RP Fischer, SM (reprint author), De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM sfischer@depaul.edu RI Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064310 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200018 ER PT J AU Fong, W Matthews, JL Dowell, ML Kinney, ER Soos, T Wang, MY Wood, SA Gram, PAM Rebka, GA Roberts, DA AF Fong, W. Matthews, J. L. Dowell, M. L. Kinney, E. R. Soos, T. Wang, M. Y. Wood, S. A. Gram, P. A. M. Rebka, G. A., Jr. Roberts, D. A. TI Inclusive pion double charge exchange in light p-shell nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE REGION; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; DEUTERON AB We report the results of a series of measurements of the differential cross sections for inclusive pion double charge exchange in Li-6,Li-7, Be-9, and C-12 for positive and negative incident pions of energies 120, 180, and 240 MeV. The data are compared with the predictions of an intranuclear cascade model and a model based on two sequential single charge exchange processes. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Fong, W (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064605 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200034 ER PT J AU Giraud, BG Liu, LC AF Giraud, B. G. Liu, Lon-chang TI Retrieving nuclear information from protons propagating through a thick target SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FAST ELECTRONS; PARTICLES AB The multiple scattering of high-energy particles in a thick target is formulated in an impact parameter representation. A formalism similar but not identical to that of Moliere is obtained. We show that calculations of particle beam broadening due to multiple Coulomb scattering alone can be given in closed form. The focus of this study is on determining whether the broadening of the Coulomb angular distribution prevents the retrieval of nuclear-interaction information from the measurement of the angular distributions of charged particles scattered from a thick target. For this purpose, we study multiple scattering with both the nuclear and Coulomb interactions included, and we do not make a small-angle expansion. Conditions for retrieving nuclear information from high-energy protons propagating through a block of material are obtained. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giraud, BG (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM giraud@dsm-mail.saclay.cea.fr; liu@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064615 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200044 ER PT J AU Hilbert, JP Black, N Barnes, T Swanson, ES AF Hilbert, J. P. Black, N. Barnes, T. Swanson, E. S. TI Charmonium-nucleon dissociation cross sections in the quark model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID J/PSI SUPPRESSION; HADRONIC MATTER; PSI' SUPPRESSION; MESON POTENTIALS; EXCHANGE MODEL; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; PI AB Charmonium dissociation cross sections due to flavor-exchange charmonium-baryon scattering are computed in the constituent quark model. We present results for inelastic J/psi N and eta N-c scattering amplitudes and cross sections into 46 final channels, including final states composed of various combinations of D,D-*,Sigma(c), and Lambda(c). These results are relevant to experimental searches for the deconfined phase of quark matter and may be useful in identifying the contribution of initial c (c) over bar production to the open-charm final states observed at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) through the characteristic flavor ratios of certain channels. These results are also of interest in relation to possible charmonium-nucleon bound states. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Utah, Utah Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hilbert, JP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064907 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200053 ER PT J AU Johnson, MB Kopeliovich, BZ Schmidt, I AF Johnson, M. B. Kopeliovich, B. Z. Schmidt, Ivan TI Cronin effect in the Drell-Yan reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS; NUCLEAR-DEPENDENCE; DIMUON PRODUCTION; SCATTERING; DIS AB We explore the mechanism of transverse momentum broadening of fast quarks propagating in nuclei, using Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum distributions measured in experiment E866 at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory with beams of 800 GeV protons. Our theoretical analysis is based on the color-dipole approach in the target rest frame, which has provided a successful phenomenological description of a variety of hadronic reactions. The present application is relevant to the regime of short coherence length, where the spatial extent of the fluctuations of the projectile responsible for the Drell-Yan reaction is short compared to the internucleon spacing. In this limit, momentum broadening comes from initial state interactions and is described as color filtering, i.e., the absorption of large-size dipoles leading to diminished transverse separation and hence enhanced transverse momentum. The predictions we present are in good agreement with the E866 data. The interactions leading to the acquisition of transverse momentum arise from the color-dipole cross section determined previously from deep-inelastic scattering on proton targets. Aside from the determination of the color-dipole cross section, no other phenomenological input is needed to explain the experimental results. The mean-square momentum broadening of dileptons determined in a recent separate analysis of the data is likewise well described by our theory. These results confirm within the model studied that the origin of momentum broadening in DY is the color-dipole cross section mediating the soft initial state interactions between the parton of the projectile that initiates the reaction and the nucleons of the nucleus, as provided by the color-dipole description. Predictions for broadening observables at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maia, Dept Fis, Valparaiso, Chile. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Schmidt, Ivan/J-5920-2012 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064905 DI 10.1103/PhysREvC.75.064905 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200051 ER PT J AU Komarov, S Charity, RJ Chiara, CJ Reviol, W Sarantites, DG Sobotka, LG Caraley, AL Carpenter, MP Seweryniak, D AF Komarov, S. Charity, R. J. Chiara, C. J. Reviol, W. Sarantites, D. G. Sobotka, L. G. Caraley, A. L. Carpenter, M. P. Seweryniak, D. TI Search for the fade out of a collective enhancement of the nuclear level density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; MASS DEPENDENCE; ROTATING NUCLEI; FUSION; MODEL; GAMMASPHERE; COEXISTENCE; SYSTEMATICS; EXCITATION AB The fade out of a collective enhancement of the nuclear level density is predicted (by an SU3 shell model) to give rise to a clear signature in the evolution of the spectral shape of evaporated charged particles with excitation energy. We have searched for this signature in the spectra of alpha particles emitted from Hf-178 compound nuclei, with excitation energies between 54 and 124 MeV, formed in O-18+Gd-160 fusion reactions. The Gammasphere spectrometer provided us with the ability to construct channel-specific alpha-particle spectra that could be compared to statistical-model calculations on a channel-by-channel basis. The expected clear signature of a rapid fade out of a collective enhancement was not found. The data are best reproduced by calculations that do not explicitly consider a collective enhancement and its fade out. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Komarov, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064611 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200040 ER PT J AU Lauritsen, T Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Ahmad, I Carpenter, MP Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Moore, EF Seweryniak, D Zhu, S AF Lauritsen, T. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Ahmad, I. Carpenter, M. P. Kondev, F. G. Lister, C. J. Moore, E. F. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. TI Rotational damping, ridges, and the quasicontinuum of gamma rays in Dy-152 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; LEVEL DENSITIES; HIGH-SPIN; ENERGY CORRELATIONS; STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGY; GIANT-RESONANCES; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; SPREADING WIDTH; DECAY AB The quasicontinuum of gamma rays from the feeding and decay of superdeformed and normal bands in Dy-152 have been extracted in one- and two-dimensional spectra. The E-gamma-E-gamma correlations in the latter reveal strong ridges associated with superdeformed and normal states in this nucleus. The entry distributions for normal and superdeformed bands have been extracted from measured fold and sum-energy distributions. A Monte Carlo model was developed to simultaneously describe all the quasicontinuum and ridge spectra as well as the feeding intensity of the superdeformed bands. The rotational damping widths in the normal and superdeformed wells were derived based on a comparison of the data with model calculations of the continuum of gamma rays at finite temperature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Greenville Coll, Greenville, IL 62246 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Lauritsen, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 102 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064309 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200017 ER PT J AU Liu, CP AF Liu, C.-P. TI Parity-violating observables of two-nucleon systems in effective field theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NONCONSERVING INTERNUCLEON POTENTIALS; NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTION; DISPERSION APPROACH AB A newly-proposed parity-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction based on effective field theory is studied in this work. Using the hybrid effective field theory treatment, it is found that the parity-violating phenomena at low energy, where S-P transitions dominate, can be well specified by a set of six parameters. This includes five low-energy constants, which are equivalent to the Danilov parameters, and an additional parameter that characterizes the long-range one-pion exchange and is proportional to the parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling constant h(pi)(1). Selected observables in two-nucleon systems are analyzed, with their dependences on these parameters being determined by employing high-quality wave functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, Theory Grp, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. RP Liu, CP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cpliu@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.065501 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200060 ER PT J AU Moazen, BH Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, KY Chipps, K Domizioli, CP Fitzgerald, R Greife, U Hix, WR Jones, KL Kozub, RL Lingerfelt, EJ Livesay, RJ Nesaraja, CD Pain, SD Roberts, LF Shriner, JF Smith, MS Thomas, JS AF Moazen, B. H. Bardayan, D. W. Blackmon, J. C. Chae, K. Y. Chipps, K. Domizioli, C. P. Fitzgerald, R. Greife, U. Hix, W. R. Jones, K. L. Kozub, R. L. Lingerfelt, E. J. Livesay, R. J. Nesaraja, C. D. Pain, S. D. Roberts, L. F. Shriner, J. F., Jr. Smith, M. S. Thomas, J. S. TI Measurement of the 183 keV resonance in O-17(p,alpha)N-14 using a novel technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID REACTION-RATES; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; CLASSICAL NOVAE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; METEORITES; ISOTOPES; STATES; STARS; F-18 AB We have developed a novel technique for measurements of low-energy (p,alpha) reactions using heavy-ion beams and a differentially pumped windowless gas target. We applied this new approach to study the 183 keV resonance in the O-17(p,alpha)N-14 reaction. We report a (center-of-mass) resonance energy of E-r=183.5(-0.4)(+0.1) keV and a resonance strength of omega gamma(p alpha) = (1.70 +/- 0.15) meV, and we set an upper limit (95% confidence) on the total width of the state of Gamma < 0.1 keV. This resonance is important for the O-17(p,alpha)N-14 reaction rate, and we find that F-18 production is significantly decreased in low-mass ONeMg novae but less affected in more energetic novae. We also report the first determination of the stopping power for oxygen ions in hydrogen gas near the peak of the Bragg curve (E = 193 keV/u) to be (63 +/- 1) x 10(-15) eV cm(2). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Moazen, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 065801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.065801 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200062 ER PT J AU Ozen, C Langanke, K Martinez-Pinedo, G Dean, DJ AF Ozen, C. Langanke, K. Martinez-Pinedo, G. Dean, D. J. TI Parity-projected shell model Monte Carlo level densities for f p-shell nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PAIRING CORRELATIONS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; REGION AB We calculate parity-dependent level densities for the even-even isotopes (58,62,66)Fe and (58)Ni and the odd-A nuclei (59)Ni and (65)Fe using the shell model Monte Carlo method. We perform these calculations in the complete fp-gds shell-model space using a pairing+quadrupole residual interaction. We find that, due to pairing of identical nucleons, the low-energy spectrum is dominated by positive parity states. Although these pairs break at around the same excitation energy in all nuclei, the energy dependence of the ratio of negative-to-positive parity level densities depends strongly on the particular nucleus of interest. We find equilibration of both parities at noticeably lower excitation energies for the odd-A nuclei (59)Ni and (65)Fe than for the neighboring even-even nuclei (58)Ni and (66)Fe. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozen, C (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Ozen, Cem/C-6868-2016 OI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Ozen, Cem/0000-0001-6388-9175 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064307 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200015 ER PT J AU Seweryniak, D Woods, PJ Carpenter, MP Davinson, T Janssens, RVF Jenkins, DG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Shergur, J Sinha, S Woehr, A AF Seweryniak, D. Woods, P. J. Carpenter, M. P. Davinson, T. Janssens, R. V. F. Jenkins, D. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Shergur, J. Sinha, S. Woehr, A. TI Level structure of Si-26 and its implications for the astrophysical reaction rate of Al-25(p,gamma)Si-26 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID AL-26; NUCLEAR AB A study of the level structure of Si-26 using in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy is presented. A full level scheme is derived incorporating all states lying below the proton threshold energy. The results are in good agreement with shell model predictions and one-to-one correspondence is found with states in the mirror nucleus Mg-26. Additionally, a gamma-decay branch is observed from a state at 5677.0(17) keV, which is assigned to a 1(+) resonance important in the astrophysical reaction Al-25(p,gamma)Si-26. The newly derived resonance energy, E-r=159.2(35) keV, has the effect of decreasing the reaction rate at the novae ignition temperature of approximate to 0.1 GK by a factor of approximate to 2 when compared with the previous most precise measurement of this state. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Seweryniak, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 062801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.062801 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200005 ER PT J AU Singh, BSN Steer, AN Jenkins, DG Wadsworth, R Bentley, MA Davies, PJ Glover, R Pattabiraman, NS Lister, CJ Grahn, T Greenlees, PT Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Leino, M Nyman, M Pakarinen, J Rahkila, P Saren, J Scholey, C Sorri, J Uusitalo, J Butler, PA Dimmock, M Joss, DT Thomson, J Cederwall, B Hadinia, B Sandzelius, M AF Singh, B. S. Nara Steer, A. N. Jenkins, D. G. Wadsworth, R. Bentley, M. A. Davies, P. J. Glover, R. Pattabiraman, N. S. Lister, C. J. Grahn, T. Greenlees, P. T. Jones, P. Julin, R. Juutinen, S. Leino, M. Nyman, M. Pakarinen, J. Rahkila, P. Saren, J. Scholey, C. Sorri, J. Uusitalo, J. Butler, P. A. Dimmock, M. Joss, D. T. Thomson, J. Cederwall, B. Hadinia, B. Sandzelius, M. TI Coulomb shifts and shape changes in the mass 70 region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ODD-ODD; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; ROTATIONAL BANDS; STATES; SE-70; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COEXISTENCE; KR-74; DECAY AB The technique of recoil beta tagging has been developed which allows prompt gamma decays in nuclei from excited states to be correlated with electrons from their subsequent short-lived beta decay. This technique is ideal for studying nuclei very far from stability and improves in sensitivity for very short-lived decays and for high decay Q-values. The method has allowed excited states in Y-78 to be observed for the first time, as well as an extension in the knowledge of T=1 states in Rb-74. From this new information it has been possible to compare Coulomb energy differences (CED) between T=1 states in Br-70/Se-70, Rb-74/Kr-74, and Y-78/Sr-78. The A=70 CED exhibit an anomalous behavior which is inconsistent with all other known CED. This behavior may be accounted for qualitatively in terms of small variations in the Coulomb energy arising from shape changes. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Royal Inst Technol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Singh, BSN (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 061301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.061301 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200003 ER PT J AU Vitev, I AF Vitev, Ivan TI Non-Abelian energy loss in cold nuclear matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QCD MATTER; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SCATTERING AB We use a formal recurrence relation approach to multiple parton scattering to find the complete solution to the problem of medium-induced gluon emission from partons propagating in cold nuclear matter. The differential bremsstrahlung spectrum, where Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal destructive interference effects are fully accounted for, is calculated for three different cases: (i) a generalization of the incoherent Bertsch-Gunion solution for asymptotic on-shell jets, (ii) initial-state energy loss of incoming jets that undergo hard scattering, and (iii) final-state energy loss of jets that emerge out of a hard scatter. Our analytic solutions are given as an infinite opacity series, which represents a cluster expansion of the sequential multiple scattering. These new solutions allow, for the first time, direct comparison between initial- and final-state energy loss in cold nuclei. We demonstrate that, contrary to the naive assumption, energy loss in cold nuclear matter can be large. Numerical results to first order in opacity show that, in the limit of large jet energies, initial- and final-state energy losses exhibit different path length dependences, linear versus quadratic, in contrast to earlier findings. In addition, in this asymptotic limit, initial-state energy loss is considerably larger than final-state energy loss. These new results have significant implications for heavy-ion phenomenology in both p+A and A+A reactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ivitev@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064906 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200052 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, YX Chen, YJ Rasmussen, JO Lee, IY Che, XL Ding, HB Li, K Goodin, CT Xu, Q AF Wang, J. G. Zhu, S. J. Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Hwang, J. K. Luo, Y. X. Chen, Y. J. Rasmussen, J. O. Lee, I. Y. Che, X. L. Ding, H. B. Li, K. Goodin, C. T. Xu, Q. TI First identification of collective bands and octupole correlations in the neutron-rich La-143 nucleus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL; DEFORMATION; MASS; ISOTOPES; REGION; BA-143; PROTON; DECAY AB The high-spin levels in the neutron-rich La-143 nucleus have been investigated from the study of prompt gamma rays in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with the Gammasphere detector array. A new level scheme with spin up to 27/2 h has been established, and the collective bands have been identified for the first time. A set of opposite-parity bands connected by Delta I=1E1 crossing transitions gives evidence for octupole correlations. The results of B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios indicate that the octupole correlations in La-143 are strong. The reflection-asymmetry shell model is applied to calculate the levels of the octupole bands of La-143, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Bekeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064301 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200009 ER PT J AU Wang, X Janssens, RVF Moore, EF Garg, U Gu, Y Frauendorf, S Carpenter, MP Ghugre, SS Hammond, NJ Lauritsen, T Li, T Mukherjee, G Pattabiraman, NS Seweryniak, D Zhu, S AF Wang, X. Janssens, R. V. F. Moore, E. F. Garg, U. Gu, Y. Frauendorf, S. Carpenter, M. P. Ghugre, S. S. Hammond, N. J. Lauritsen, T. Li, T. Mukherjee, G. Pattabiraman, N. S. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. TI Lifetime measurements of triaxial strongly deformed bands in Tm-163 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; SUPERDEFORMED STATES; COINCIDENCE DATA; HIGH-SPIN; LU-163; DEFORMATION; ISOTOPES AB With the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method, quadrupole transition moments Q(t) were determined for the two recently proposed triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands in Tm-163. The measured Q(t) values indicate that the deformation of these bands is larger than that of the yrast signature partners. However, the measured values are smaller than those predicted by theory. This observation appears to be valid for TSD bands in several nuclei of the region. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Kolkata Ctr, Kolkata 700098, W Bengal, India. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Gu, Yingqiong/A-8228-2010; gu, yingqiong/J-8394-2012; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064315 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 184EZ UT WOS:000247625200023 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuno, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. 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TI Measurement of the top-quark mass using missing E(T) plus jets events with secondary vertex b-tagging at CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the top-quark mass in p (p) over bar ollisions at root s = 1.96 TeV which uses events with an inclusive signature of missing transverse energy and jets. The event selection is sensitive to t (t) over bar -> W(+)bW(-)(b) over bar -> l nu bqq(') (b) over bar independent of the lepton flavor and results in a large acceptance for W -> tau nu decays. All-hadronic t (t) over bar decays and events with identified electrons or muons are vetoed to provide a statistically independent sample with respect to all previous measurements. The top-quark mass is inferred from the distribution of the scalar sum of all jet transverse energies and the missing transverse energy. Using 311 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, we measure a top-quark mass m(t) = 172.3(-9.6)(+10.8)(stat) +/- 10.8(syst) GeV/c(2). While the uncertainty on m(t) is larger than that of other measurements, the result is statistically uncorrelated with those of other methods and thus can help to reduce the overall m(t) uncertainty when combined with other existing measurements. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Siena, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/K-9209-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012 OI Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Vidal Marono, Miguel/0000-0002-2590-5987; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; Group, Robert/0000-0002-4097-5254; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/0000-0003-0588-6720; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for new physics in lepton plus photon plus X events with 929 pb(-1) of pp collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID Z-GAMMA PRODUCTION; COLLIDER DETECTOR; QCD CORRECTIONS; CDF; FERMILAB; SUPERSYMMETRY; CALORIMETER; GENERATION; PYTHIA-5.7; COUPLINGS AB We present results of a search at CDF in 929 +/- 56 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at 1.96 TeV for the anomalous production of events containing a high-transverse momentum charged lepton (l, either e or mu) and photon (gamma), accompanied by missing transverse energy (E(T)), and/or additional leptons and photons, and jets (X). We use the same selection criteria as in a previous CDF Run I search, but with an order-magnitude larger data set, a higher p (p) over bar collision energy, and the CDF II detector. We find 163 l gamma E(T) + X events, compared to an expectation of 150.6 +/- 13.0 events. 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RI Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 54 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.11200 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300004 ER PT J AU Antonio, DJ Blum, T Bowler, KC Boyle, PA Christ, NH Cohen, SD Clark, MA Dawson, C Hart, A Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T Joo, B Jung, C Kennedy, AD Kenway, RD Li, S Lin, HW Lin, MF Mawhinney, RD Maynard, CM Noaki, J Ohta, S Sasaki, S Soni, A Tweedie, RJ Yamaguchi, A AF Antonio, D. J. Blum, T. Bowler, K. C. Boyle, P. A. Christ, N. H. Cohen, S. D. Clark, M. A. Dawson, C. Hart, A. Hashimoto, K. Izubuchi, T. Joo, B. Jung, C. Kennedy, A. D. Kenway, R. D. Li, S. Lin, H. W. Lin, M. F. Mawhinney, R. D. Maynard, C. M. Noaki, J. Ohta, S. Sasaki, S. Soni, A. Tweedie, R. J. Yamaguchi, A. CA RBC Collaboration UKQCD Collaboration TI First results from 2+1-flavor domain wall QCD: Mass spectrum, topology change, and chiral symmetry with L-s=8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; STRING TENSION; SU(2) VACUUM; FERMIONS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SCALE AB We present results for the static interquark potential, light meson and baryon masses, and light pseudoscalar meson decay constants obtained from simulations of domain wall QCD with one dynamical flavour approximating the s quark, and two degenerate dynamical flavours with input bare masses ranging from m(s) to m(s)/4 approximating the u and d quarks. We compare these quantities obtained using the Iwasaki and DBW2 improved gauge actions, and actions with larger rectangle coefficients, on 16(3)x32 lattices. We seek parameter values at which both the chiral symmetry breaking residual mass due to the finite lattice extent in the fifth dimension and the Monte Carlo time history for topological charge are acceptable for this set of quark masses at lattice spacings above 0.1 fm. We find that the Iwasaki gauge action is best, demonstrating the feasibility of using QCDOC to generate ensembles which are good representations of the QCD path integral on lattices of up to 3 fm in spatial extent with lattice spacings in the range 0.09-0.13 fm. Despite large residual masses and a limited number of sea quark-mass values with which to perform chiral extrapolations, our results for light hadronic physics scale and agree with experimental measurements within our statistical uncertainties. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, EPCC, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sokendai, Dept Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Antonio, DJ (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 114501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.114501 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300030 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Becker, J Blanc, F Bloom, PC Cenci, R Ford, WT Hachtel, J Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Di Lodovico, F George, KA Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Fisher, PH Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Lista, L Monorchio, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, A Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ 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Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, A. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gagliardi, N. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Calderini, G. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Manoni, E. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. 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Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Search for neutral B-meson decays to a(0)pi, a(0)K, eta rho(0), and eta f(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; A(0)(980); ETA' AB We present a search for B-0 decays to charmless final states involving an eta meson, a charged pion, and a second charged pion or kaon. The data sample corresponds to 383 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector operating at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. We find no significant signals and determine the following 90% C.L. upper limits: B(B-0 -> a(0)(-) pi(+)) x B(a(0)(-) -> eta pi(-)) < 3.1 x 10(-6), B(B-0 -> a(0)(-) K+) x B(a(0)(-) -> eta pi(-)) < 1.9 x 10(-6), B(B-0 -> a(0)(1450)(-) pi(+)) x B(a(0)(1450)(-) -> eta pi(-)) < 2.3 x 10(-6), B(B-0 -> a(0)(1450)(-) K+) x B(a(0)(1450)(-) -> eta pi(-)) < 3.1 x 10(-6), B(B-0 -> eta rho(0)) < 1.5 x 10(-6), and B(B-0 -> eta f(0)(980)) x B(f(0)(980) -> pi(+) pi(-)) < 0.4 x 10(-6). C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Hachtel, Jordan/R-1263-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015 OI Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Hachtel, Jordan/0000-0002-9728-0920; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 111102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.111102 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300002 ER PT J AU Aubin, C Blum, T AF Aubin, C. Blum, T. TI Calculating the hadronic vacuum polarization and leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment with improved staggered quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; LATTICE CALCULATION; SUSSKIND FERMIONS; QCD; PREDICTION; G-2 AB We present a lattice calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization and the lowest order hadronic contribution (HLO) to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a(mu)=(g-2)/2, using 2+1 flavors of improved staggered fermions. A precise fit to the low-q(2) region of the vacuum polarization is necessary to accurately extract the muon g-2. To obtain this fit, we use staggered chiral perturbation theory, including a model to incorporate the vector particles as resonances, and compare these to polynomial fits to the lattice data. We discuss the fit results and associated systematic uncertainties, paying particular attention to the relative contributions of the pions and vector mesons. Using a single lattice spacing ensemble generated by the MILC Collaboration (a=0.086 fm), light quark masses as small as roughly one-tenth the strange quark mass, and volumes as large as (3.4 fm)(3), we find a(mu)(HLO)=(713 +/- 15)x10(-10) and (748 +/- 21)x10(-10) where the error is statistical only and the two values correspond to linear and quadratic extrapolations in the light quark mass, respectively. Considering various systematic uncertainties not eliminated in this study (including a model of vector resonances used to fit the lattice data and the omission of disconnected quark contractions in the vector-vector correlation function), we view this as agreement with the current best calculations using the experimental cross section for e(+)e(-) annihilation to hadrons, (692.4 +/- 5.9 +/- 2.4)x10(-10), and including the experimental decay rate of the tau lepton to hadrons, (711.0 +/- 5.0 +/- 0.8 +/- 2.8)x10(-10). We discuss several ways to improve the current lattice calculation. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aubin, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 48 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 114502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.114502 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300031 ER PT J AU Bousso, R Yang, IS AF Bousso, Raphael Yang, I-Sheng TI Landscape predictions from cosmological vacuum selection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT AB In Bousso-Polchinski models with hundreds of fluxes, we compute the effects of cosmological dynamics on the probability distribution of landscape vacua. Starting from generic initial conditions, we find that most fluxes are dynamically driven into a different and much narrower range of values than expected from landscape statistics alone. Hence, cosmological evolution will access only a tiny fraction of the vacua with small cosmological constant. This leads to a host of sharp predictions. Unlike other approaches to eternal inflation, the holographic measure employed here does not lead to staggering, an excessive spread of probabilities that would doom the string landscape as a solution to the cosmological constant problem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bousso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bousso@lbl.gov; jingking@berkeley.edu NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 123520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.123520 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400030 ER PT J AU Collins, J Qiu, JW AF Collins, John Qiu, Jian-Wei TI k(T) factorization is violated in production of high-transverse-momentum particles in hadron-hadron collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DRELL-YAN; BOSON PRODUCTION; HARD PROCESSES; W-BOSON; PAIR; QCD AB We show that hard-scattering factorization is violated in the production of high-p(T) hadrons in hadron-hadron collisions, in the case that the hadrons are back-to-back, so that k(T) factorization is to be used. The explicit counterexample that we construct is for the single-spin asymmetry with one beam transversely polarized. The Sivers function needed here has particular sensitivity to the Wilson lines in the parton densities. We use a greatly simplified model theory to make the breakdown of factorization easy to check explicitly. But the counterexample implies that standard arguments for factorization fail not just for the single-spin asymmetry but for the unpolarized cross section for back-to-back hadron production in QCD in hadron-hadron collisions. This is unlike corresponding cases in e(+) e(-) annihilation, Drell-Yan, and deeply inelastic scattering. Moreover, the result endangers factorization for more general hadroproduction processes. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM collins@phys.psu.edu; jwq@iastate.edu NR 36 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 114014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.114014 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300025 ER PT J AU Duan, H Fuller, GM Carlson, J Qian, YZ AF Duan, Huaiyu Fuller, George M. Carlson, J. Qian, Yong-Zhong TI Analysis of collective neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EARLY UNIVERSE; STELLAR COLLAPSE; MASS HIERARCHY; DENSE MATTER; OSCILLATIONS; GASES; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB We study the flavor evolution of a dense gas initially consisting of pure monoenergetic nu(e) v(e). Using adiabatic invariants and the special symmetry in such a system we are able to calculate the flavor evolution of the neutrino gas for the cases with slowly decreasing neutrino number densities. These calculations give new insights into the results of recent large-scale numerical simulations of neutrino flavor transformation in supernovae. For example, our calculations reveal the existence of what we term the "collective precession mode." Our analyses suggest that neutrinos which travel on intersecting trajectories subject to destructive quantum interference nevertheless can be in this mode. This mode can result in sharp transitions in the final energy-dependent neutrino survival probabilities across all trajectories, a feature seen in the numerical simulations. Moreover, this transition is qualitatively different for the normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. Exploiting this difference, the neutrino signals from a future galactic supernova can potentially be used to determine the actual neutrino mass hierarchy. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Duan, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hduan@ucsd.edu; gfuller@ucsd.edu; carlson@lanl.gov; qian@physics.umn.edu OI Carlson, Joseph/0000-0002-3163-5565 NR 33 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 125005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.125005 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400065 ER PT J AU Forde, D AF Forde, Darren TI Direct extraction of one-loop integral coefficients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPER-YANG-MILLS; GAUGE-THEORY AMPLITUDES; QCD AMPLITUDES; RATIONAL PARTS; TREE AMPLITUDES; MHV VERTICES; UNITARITY; SINGULARITIES; GLUONS; LEVEL AB We present a general procedure for obtaining the coefficients of the scalar bubble and triangle integral functions of one-loop amplitudes. Coefficients are extracted by considering two-particle and triple unitarity cuts of the corresponding bubble and triangle integral functions. After choosing a specific parametrization of the cut loop momentum we can uniquely identify the coefficients of the desired integral functions simply by examining the behavior of the cut integrand as the unconstrained parameters of the cut loop momentum approach infinity. In this way we can produce compact forms for scalar integral coefficients. Applications of this method are presented for both QCD and electroweak processes, including an alternative form for the recently computed three-mass triangle coefficient in the six-photon amplitude A(6)(1(-),2(+),3(-),4(+),5(-),6(+)). The direct nature of this extraction procedure allows for a very straightforward automation of the procedure. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Forde, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 75 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 125019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.125019 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400079 ER PT J AU Hill, CT Hill, RJ AF Hill, Christopher T. Hill, Richard J. TI Topological physics of little Higgs bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Topological interactions will generally occur in composite Higgs or little Higgs theories, extra-dimensional gauge theories in which A(5) plays the role of a Higgs boson, and amongst the (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone bosons pNGB's of technicolor. This phenomenon arises from the chiral and anomaly structure of the underlying UV completion theory, and/or through chiral delocalization in higher dimensions. These effects are described by a full Wess-Zumino-Witten term involving gauge fields and pNGB's. We give a general discussion of these interactions, some of which may have novel signatures at future colliders, such as the LHC and ILC. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 0 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 115009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.115009 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300043 ER PT J AU Hooper, D AF Hooper, Dan TI Detecting MeV gauge bosons with high-energy neutrino telescopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER AB If annihilating MeV-scale dark matter particles are responsible for the observed 511 keV emission from the Galactic bulge, then new light gauge bosons which mediate the dark matter annihilations may have other observable consequences. In particular, if such a gauge boson exists and has even very small couplings to standard model neutrinos, cosmic neutrinos with similar to TeV energies will scatter with the cosmic neutrino background through resonant exchange, resulting in a distinctive spectral absorption line in the high-energy neutrino spectrum. Such a feature could potentially be detected by future high-energy neutrino telescopes. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 123001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.123001 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400004 ER PT J AU Idilbi, A Mehen, T AF Idilbi, Ahmad Mehen, Thomas TI On the equivalence of soft and zero-bin subtractions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Heavy Quarkoniuim and Related Heavy Quark States CY AUG 17-31, 2006 CL Trento, ITALY SP ECT ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; DRELL-YAN; QCD; RESUMMATION; EXPANSION; THRESHOLD AB Zero-bin subtractions are required to avoid double counting soft contributions in collinear loop integrals in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). In traditional approaches to factorization, double counting is avoided by dividing jet functions by matrix elements of soft Wilson lines. In this paper, we compare the two approaches to double counting, studying the quark form factor and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) as x(B)-> 1 as examples. We explain how the zero-bin subtractions in SCET are required to reproduce the well-established factorization theorem for DIS as x(B)-> 1. We study one-loop virtual contributions to the quark form factor and real gluon emission diagrams in DIS. The two approaches to double counting are equivalent if dimensional regularization (DR) is used to regulate infrared (IR) divergences. We discuss in detail ambiguities in the calculation of one-loop scaleless integrals in DR in SCET and perturbative QCD. We also demonstrate a nontrivial check of the equivalence of the zero-bin subtraction and the soft Wilson line subtraction in the virtual two-loop Abelian contributions to the quark form factor. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Idilbi, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM idilbi@phy.duke.edu; mehen@phy.duke.edu NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 114017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.114017 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300028 ER PT J AU Lucini, B Patella, A Pica, C AF Lucini, B. Patella, A. Pica, C. TI Baryon currents in QCD with compact dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARITY CONSERVATION; GAUGE-THEORIES; TRANSITION; PHYSICS AB On a compact space with nontrivial cycles, for sufficiently small values of the radii of the compact dimensions, SU(N) gauge theories coupled with fermions in the fundamental representation spontaneously break charge conjugation, time reversal, and parity. We show at one loop in perturbation theory that a physical signature for this phenomenon is a nonzero baryonic current wrapping around the compact directions. The persistence of this current beyond the perturbative regime is checked by lattice simulations. C1 Swansea Univ, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lucini, B (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Dept Phys, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RI Lucini, Biagio/E-7491-2010; OI Lucini, Biagio/0000-0001-8974-8266; Pica, Claudio/0000-0002-0569-0376 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 121701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.121701 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400001 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, Stephen P. TI Compressed supersymmetry and natural neutralino dark matter from top squark-mediated annihilation to top quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING; RELIC DENSITY; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; STAU COANNIHILATION; GAUGINO MASSES; SCALAR MASS; MSSM; SUPERGRAVITY; COLLIDERS AB The parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model appear to require uncomfortably precise adjustment in order to reconcile the electroweak symmetry breaking scale with the lower mass limits on a neutral Higgs scalar boson. This problem can be significantly ameliorated in models with a running gluino mass parameter that is smaller than the wino mass near the scale of unification of gauge couplings. A compressed superpartner mass spectrum results; compared to models with unified gaugino masses, the ratios of the squark and gluino masses to the lightest superpartner mass are reduced. I argue that in this scenario the annihilation of binolike neutralino pairs to top-antitop quark pairs through top-squark exchange can most naturally play the crucial role in ensuring that the thermal relic dark matter density is not too large, with only a small role played by coannihilations. The lightest superpartner mass must then exceed the top-quark mass, and the lighter top squark cannot decay to a top quark. These conditions have important implications for collider searches. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 109 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 115005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.115005 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300039 ER PT J AU Rainwater, D Tait, TMP AF Rainwater, D. Tait, T. M. P. TI Testing grand unification at the CERN LHC and SLHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID JET CROSS-SECTIONS; PHYSICS AB We examine the possibility of measuring the three gauge couplings at high scales at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in order to see the first steps as they run toward grand unification at much higher energies. Using the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with sparticle masses of several hundred GeV as an example of a theory in which the couplings do unify at very high energies, we find that the processes pp ->center dot(+)nu, pp ->center dot(+)center dot(-), and pp ->gamma j can be useful to discriminate the SM from the MSSM with masses at the few hundred GeV scale and determine that the couplings are converging at better than the SM prediction toward the GUT scale. Such measurements indirectly probe the existence of lower mass states, charged under the SM gauge groups, but which may be difficult to produce directly or extract from backgrounds at the LHC. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rainwater, D (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM rain@pas.rochester.edu; tait@anl.gov OI rainwater, david/0000-0002-3668-4331 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 115014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.115014 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FA UT WOS:000247625300048 ER PT J AU Brown, MD Law, BM Marchand, L Lurio, LB Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Hamilton, WA AF Brown, M. D. Law, B. M. Marchand, L. Lurio, L. B. Kuzmenko, I. Gog, T. Hamilton, W. A. TI X-ray and ellipsometric study of strong critical adsorption SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-VAPOR SURFACE; MIXTURE; PROFILE; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; ORDER AB Carpenter [Phys. Rev. E 61, 532 (2000)] succeeded in determining a single universal model, called the P1 model, that could describe the ellipsometric critical adsorption data from the liquid-vapor interface of four different critical binary liquid mixtures near their critical demixing temperatures. The P1 model also recently has been used to describe neutron reflectometry data from a critical liquid mixture/crystalline quartz interface. However, in another recent study, the P1 model failed to simultaneously describe x-ray reflectometry and ellipsometry data from the liquid-vapor surface of the critical mixture n-dodecane + tetrabromoethane (DT). In this paper, we resolve this discrepancy between x-ray and ellipsometric data for the DT system. At large length scales (far from the interface) the local concentration is described by the P1 model in order to correctly reproduce the temperature dependence of the ellipsometric data. Close to the interface, however, the molecular structure must be correctly accounted for in order to quantitatively explain the x-ray data. An important conclusion that arises from this study is that neutron or x-ray reflectometry is most sensitive to short-range interfacial structure, but may provide misleading information about long-range interfacial structure. Ellipsometry provides a more accurate measure of this long-range interfacial structure. Complex interfacial structures, possessing both short- and long-range structure, are therefore best studied using multiple techniques. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Brown, MD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Law, Bruce/I-3605-2013 OI Law, Bruce/0000-0002-3877-8497 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 061606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.061606 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 184EN UT WOS:000247624000071 PM 17677272 ER PT J AU Guo, XF Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Guo, Xiaofang Liu, Da-Jiang Evans, J. W. TI Generic two-phase coexistence, relaxation kinetics, and interface propagation in the quadratic contact process: Simulation studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITION; BOOTSTRAP PERCOLATION; DIFFUSION EQUATIONS; NONERGODIC BEHAVIOR; REACTION MODELS; LATTICE-GAS; SYSTEMS; STATES; COMPLEX; ORDER AB The quadratic contact process is formulated as an adsorption-desorption model on a two-dimensional square lattice. It involves random adsorption at empty sites and correlated desorption requiring diagonally adjacent pairs of empty neighbors. We assess the model behavior utilizing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. One finds generic two-phase coexistence between a low-coverage active steady state and a completely covered or "poisoned" absorbing steady state; i.e., both states are stable over a finite range of adsorption rates or "pressures." This behavior is in marked contrast to that for equilibrium phase separation. For spatially homogeneous systems, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the kinetics of relaxation to the steady states. We analyze rapid poisoning for higher pressures above an effective spinodal point terminating a metastable active state, nucleation-mediated poisoning in the metastable region, the dynamics of poisoned droplets within the two-phase coexistence region, and behavior reminiscent of bootstrap percolation dynamics for lower pressures. For spatially inhomogeneous systems, we analyze the propagation of planar interfaces between active and absorbing states, fully characterizing an orientation dependence which underlies the generic two-phase coexistence. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Dept Phys & Astron & Math, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Guo, XF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Dept Phys & Astron & Math, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 061129 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.061129 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 184EN UT WOS:000247624000041 PM 17677242 ER PT J AU Lorenz, CD Travesset, A AF Lorenz, Christian D. Travesset, Alex TI Charge inversion of divalent ionic solutions in silica channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MODEL; WATER; SIMULATIONS AB Recent experiments [F. H. J. van der Heyden , Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 224502 (2006)] of streaming currents in silica nanochannels with divalent ions report charge inversion, i.e., interfacial charges attracting counterions in excess of their own nominal charge, in conflict with existing theoretical and simulation results. We reveal the mechanism of charge inversion by using all-atomic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show excellent agreement with experiments, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We further discuss the implications of our study for the general problem of ionic correlations in solutions as well as in regards to the properties of silica-water interfaces. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lorenz, CD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lorenz, Christian/A-6996-2017 OI Lorenz, Christian/0000-0003-1028-4804 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 061202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.061202 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 184EN UT WOS:000247624000045 PM 17677246 ER PT J AU Popova, M Vorobieff, P Ingber, MS Graham, AL AF Popova, Marina Vorobieff, Peter Ingber, Marc S. Graham, Alan L. TI Interaction of two particles in a shear flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DRIVEN FLOW; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; COUETTE APPARATUS; DILUTE SUSPENSION; MIGRATION; SPHERES AB Our experimental study investigates the interaction of pairs of nearly spherical solid particles suspended in a stratified shear flow inside a Couette cell. The surfaces of the particles are well characterized, with roughness maps produced by a scanning electron microscope. We measure the degree of irreversibility introduced into the flow by particle interactions and relate it to the subtle differences in the particle surface features. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Multiscale Mat Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Popova, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 066309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.066309 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 184EO UT WOS:000247624100048 PM 17677359 ER PT J AU Ramazanoglu, M Larochelle, S Garland, CW Birgeneau, RJ AF Ramazanoglu, M. Larochelle, S. Garland, C. W. Birgeneau, R. J. TI High-resolution x-ray scattering study of the effect of quenched random disorder on the nematic-smectic-A transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SILICA AEROGEL; BUTYLOXYBENZYLIDENE OCTYLANILINE; RANDOM-FIELDS; SYSTEMS; OCTYLCYANOBIPHENYL; ORDER; GLASS AB Using high-resolution x-ray scattering, the effect of quenched random disorder (QRD) on the second-order nematic-smectic-A (N-SmA) phase transition in butyloxybenzilidene-octylaniline (4O.8) has been studied. 4O.8 is a nonpolar liquid crystal (LC) with a monomeric smectic-A phase. The QRD is created by aerosil nanoparticles which gelate to form a three-dimensional network, confining the LC. The QRD caused by the aerosil gel generates quenched random fields acting on both the nematic and smectic-A order parameters. This results in the destruction of the quasi-long-range order of the smectic-A phase. The x-ray scattering data are modeled with a structure factor composed of two terms, one thermal and one static, corresponding to the connected and disconnected susceptibilities, respectively. Unlike previous studies, the two parts of the structure factor are decoupled by allowing different thermal and static correlation lengths. Our fitting procedure involves temperature-dependent and temperature-independent (global) variables. The amplitude and the parallel correlation length for the thermal part of the line-shape show critical-like behavior both above and below the transition temperature. Detailed analysis reveals that the thermal correlation length does not truly diverge at the phase transition. This effect is discussed on the basis of a cutoff for the divergence caused by the random fields generated by the aerosil network confining the liquid crystal. The intensity of the static term in the line-shape behaves like the order parameter squared at a conventional second-order phase transition. The effective order parameter critical exponent shows an evolution with increasing aerosil gel density ranging from the Gaussian tricritical value to the 3D-XY value. The results of a pseudocritical scaling analysis are compared to an analysis of 4O.8+aerosil heat capacity data and discussed using a phenomenological correlation between the nematic range of pure liquid crystals and the aerosil mass density, rho(s). C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Ramazanoglu, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 061705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.061705 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 184EN UT WOS:000247624000080 PM 17677281 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, S Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, A Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ van Eijk, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. 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Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for techniparticles in e plus jets events at D0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; TECHNICOLOR AB We search for the technicolor process p(p) over bar ->rho(T)/omega(T)-> W pi(T) in events containing one electron and two jets, in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 390 pb(-1), recorded by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. Technicolor predicts that technipions pi(T) decay dominantly into b(b) over bar, b(c) over bar, or (b) over barc, depending on their charge. In these events b and c quarks are identified by their secondary decay vertices within jets. Two analysis methods based on topological variables are presented. Since no excess above the standard model prediction was found, the result is presented as an exclusion in the pi(T) vs rho(T) mass plane for a given set of model parameters. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, IN2P3 CNRS, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, IN2P3 CNRS, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, IN2P3 CNRS, Marseille, France. IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Louis Pasteur, IPHC, IN2P3 CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3 CNRS, Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. 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SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfyrla, A. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wuerthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Inclusive search for new physics with like-sign dilepton events in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY AB We describe a search for anomalous production of events with two leptons (e or mu) of the same electric charge in p(p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. Many extensions to the standard model predict the production of two leptons of the same electric charge. This search has a significant increase in sensitivity compared to earlier searches. Using a data sample corresponding to 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded by the CDF II detector, we observe no significant excess in an inclusive selection (expect 33.2 +/- 4.7 events, observe 44) or in a supersymmetry-optimized selection (expect 7.8 +/- 1.1 events, observe 13.). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117529, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 221803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.221803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100016 PM 17677835 ER PT J AU Enquist, H Navirian, H Hansen, TN Lindenberg, AM Sondhauss, P Synnergren, O Wark, JS Larsson, J AF Enquist, H. Navirian, H. Hansen, T. N. Lindenberg, A. M. Sondhauss, P. Synnergren, O. Wark, J. S. Larsson, J. TI Large acoustic transients induced by nonthermal melting of InSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; PHONONS; PULSES; DEPENDENCE AB We have observed large-amplitude strain waves following a rapid change in density of InSb due to nonthermal melting. The strain has been measured in real time via time-resolved x-ray diffraction, with a temporal resolution better than 2 ps. The change from the solid to liquid density of the surface layer launches a high-amplitude strain wave into the crystalline material below. This induces an effective plane rotation in the asymmetrically cut crystal leading to deflection of the diffracted beam. The uniform strain in the layer below the molten layer is 2.0(+/- 0.2)%. A strain of this magnitude develops within 5 ps of the incident pulse showing that the liquid has reached the equilibrium density within this time frame. Both the strain amplitude and the depth of the strained material in the solid can be explained by assuming a reduction in the speed of sound in the nonequilibrium liquid compared to measured equilibrium values. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Enquist, H (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM henrik.enquist@fysik.lth.se NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100037 PM 17677856 ER PT J AU Fratina, S Abe, K Abe, K Adachi, I Aihara, H Anipko, D Arinstein, K Aushev, T Bakich, AM Barberio, E Bay, A Belous, K Bitenc, U Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, A Chen, KF Chen, WT Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, Y Choi, YK Cole, S Dalseno, J Dash, M Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Go, A Golob, B Gorisek, A Ha, H Haba, J Hara, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Ishino, H Itoh, R Iwasaki, M Iwasaki, Y Kaji, H Kang, JH Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, SK Kim, YJ Kinoshita, K Korpar, S Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, R Kuo, CC Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lee, MJ Lee, SE Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, SW Liventsev, D Mandl, F Matsumoto, T Matyja, A McOnie, S Medvedeva, T Mitaroff, W Miyabayashi, K Miyake, H Miyata, H Miyazaki, Y Mizuk, R Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nakazawa, H Nishida, S Noguchi, S Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Pakhlova, G Park, CW Park, H Peak, LS Pestotnik, R Piilonen, LE Sakai, Y Satoyama, N Schietinger, T Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwanda, C Schwartz, AJ Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shapkin, M Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Singh, JB Somov, A Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Stoeck, H Sumiyoshi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tanaka, M Teramoto, Y Tian, XC Tikhomirov, I Trabelsi, K Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Ueno, K Uglov, T Unno, Y Uno, S Urquijo, P Usov, Y Varner, G Varvell, KE Vervink, K Villa, S Wang, CH Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zupanc, A AF Fratina, S. Abe, K. Abe, K. Adachi, I. Aihara, H. Anipko, D. Arinstein, K. Aushev, T. Bakich, A. M. Barberio, E. Bay, A. Belous, K. Bitenc, U. Bizjak, I. Bondar, A. Bozek, A. Bracko, M. Brodzicka, J. Browder, T. E. Chang, M.-C. Chang, P. Chao, Y. Chen, A. Chen, K.-F. Chen, W. T. Cheon, B. G. Chistov, R. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Cole, S. Dalseno, J. Dash, M. Drutskoy, A. Eidelman, S. Go, A. Golob, B. Gorisek, A. Ha, H. Haba, J. Hara, K. Hazumi, M. Heffernan, D. Hokuue, T. Hoshi, Y. Hou, W.-S. Iijima, T. Inami, K. Ishikawa, A. Ishino, H. Itoh, R. Iwasaki, M. Iwasaki, Y. Kaji, H. Kang, J. H. Katayama, N. Kawai, H. Kawasaki, T. Kichimi, H. Kim, H. J. Kim, H. O. Kim, S. K. Kim, Y. J. Kinoshita, K. Korpar, S. Krizan, P. Krokovny, P. Kulasiri, R. Kumar, R. Kuo, C. C. Kuzmin, A. Kwon, Y.-J. Lee, M. J. Lee, S. E. Lesiak, T. Limosani, A. Lin, S.-W. Liventsev, D. Mandl, F. Matsumoto, T. Matyja, A. McOnie, S. Medvedeva, T. Mitaroff, W. Miyabayashi, K. Miyake, H. Miyata, H. Miyazaki, Y. Mizuk, R. Moloney, G. R. Mori, T. Nakano, E. Nakao, M. Nakazawa, H. Nishida, S. Noguchi, S. Ogawa, S. Ohshima, T. Okuno, S. Olsen, S. L. Onuki, Y. Ozaki, H. Pakhlov, P. Pakhlova, G. Park, C. W. Park, H. Peak, L. S. Pestotnik, R. Piilonen, L. E. Sakai, Y. Satoyama, N. Schietinger, T. Schneider, O. Schuemann, J. Schwanda, C. Schwartz, A. J. Senyo, K. Sevior, M. E. Shapkin, M. Shibuya, H. Shwartz, B. Singh, J. B. Somov, A. Soni, N. Stanic, S. Staric, M. Stoeck, H. Sumiyoshi, T. Takasaki, F. Tamai, K. Tanaka, M. Teramoto, Y. Tian, X. C. Tikhomirov, I. Trabelsi, K. Tsukamoto, T. Uehara, S. Ueno, K. Uglov, T. Unno, Y. Uno, S. Urquijo, P. Usov, Y. Varner, G. Varvell, K. E. Vervink, K. Villa, S. Wang, C. H. Watanabe, Y. Won, E. Yabsley, B. D. Yamaguchi, A. Yamashita, Y. Yamauchi, M. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, Z. P. Zhilich, V. Zupanc, A. CA Belle Collaboration TI Evidence for CP violation in B-0 -> D+D- decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B DECAYS; BELLE; ASYMMETRIES; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We report measurements of the branching fraction and CP violation parameters in B-0 -> D+D- decays. The results are based on a data sample that contains 535x10(6) B(B) over bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We obtain [1.97 +/- 0.20(stat)+/- 0.20(syst)]x10(-4) for the branching fraction of B-0 -> D+D-. The measured values of the CP violation parameters are S=-1.13 +/- 0.37 +/- 0.09, A=0.91 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.06, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We find evidence of CP violation in B-0 -> D+D- at the 4.1 sigma confidence level. While the value of S is consistent with expectations from other measurements, the value of the parameter A favors large direct CP violation at the 3.2 sigma confidence level, in contradiction to standard model expectations. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Hanyang Univ, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nippon Dent Univ, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Univ Nova Gorcia, Nova Gorcia, Slovenia. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi 985, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Fratina, S (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016; Pakhlova, Galina/C-5378-2014; Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Tian, Xinchun/L-2060-2013; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Uglov, Timofey/B-2406-2014; Mizuk, Roman/B-3751-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014 OI Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675; CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422; Pakhlova, Galina/0000-0001-7518-3022; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Tian, Xinchun/0000-0002-6246-0470; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Uglov, Timofey/0000-0002-4944-1830; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 221802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.221802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100015 PM 17677834 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Kim, H Jiao, X Lee, H Lee, YJ Byun, Y Song, S Eom, D Li, C Rafailovich, MH Lurio, LB Sinha, SK AF Jiang, Zhang Kim, Hyunjung Jiao, X. Lee, H. Lee, Y.-J. Byun, Y. Song, S. Eom, D. Li, C. Rafailovich, M. H. Lurio, L. B. Sinha, S. K. TI Evidence for viscoelastic effects in surface capillary waves of molten polymer films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; FLUCTUATIONS; POLYSTYRENE; TENSION; MODES AB The surface dynamics of supported ultrathin polystyrene films with thickness comparable to the radius of gyration were investigated by surface sensitive x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. We show for the first time that the conventional model of capillary waves on a viscous liquid has to be modified to include the effects of a shear modulus in order to explain both static and dynamic scattering data from ultrathin molten polymer films. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Jiang, Zhang/A-3297-2012 OI Jiang, Zhang/0000-0003-3503-8909 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 227801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.227801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100060 PM 17677879 ER PT J AU Kusaka, A Wang, CC Ishino, H Abe, K Abe, K Adachi, I Aihara, H Anipko, D Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Barberio, E Bay, A Bedny, I Belous, K Bitenc, U Bizjak, I Blyth, S Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Browder, TE Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, A Chen, KF Chen, WT Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Cole, S Dalseno, J Danilov, M Dash, M Dragic, J Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Fratina, S Fujikawa, M Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Gokhroo, G Golob, B Ha, H Haba, J Hara, T Hastings, NC Hayasaka, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, S Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Iijima, T Ikado, K Imoto, A Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, M Iwasaki, Y Kaji, H Kakuno, H Kang, JH Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Khan, HR Kichimi, H Kim, YJ Kinoshita, K Korpar, S Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, R Kuo, CC Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lee, J Lee, MJ Lee, SE Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, SW Liventsev, D Mandl, F Marlow, D Matsumoto, T Miyabayashi, K Miyake, H Miyazaki, Y Mizuk, R Mori, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nakazawa, H Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Noguchi, S Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Pakhlova, G Park, H Park, KS Peak, LS Pestotnik, R Piilonen, LE Poluektov, A Sakai, Y Satoyama, N Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Seidl, R Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shapkin, M Shibuya, H Singh, JB Somov, A Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Stoeck, H Suzuki, SY Tajima, O Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tian, XC Tikhomirov, I Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Uglov, T Unno, Y Uno, S Urquijo, P Ushiroda, Y Usov, Y Varner, G Villa, S Wang, CH Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Wedd, R Won, E Xie, QL Yabsley, BD Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Zhang, LM Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zupanc, A AF Kusaka, A. Wang, C. C. Ishino, H. Abe, K. Abe, K. Adachi, I. Aihara, H. Anipko, D. Aulchenko, V. Aushev, T. Bakich, A. M. Barberio, E. Bay, A. Bedny, I. Belous, K. Bitenc, U. Bizjak, I. Blyth, S. Bondar, A. Bozek, A. Bracko, M. Browder, T. E. Chang, M.-C. Chang, P. Chao, Y. Chen, A. Chen, K.-F. Chen, W. T. Cheon, B. G. Chistov, R. Choi, S.-K. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Cole, S. Dalseno, J. Danilov, M. Dash, M. Dragic, J. Drutskoy, A. Eidelman, S. Fratina, S. Fujikawa, M. Gabyshev, N. Garmash, A. Gershon, T. Gokhroo, G. Golob, B. Ha, H. Haba, J. Hara, T. Hastings, N. C. Hayasaka, K. Hayashii, H. Hazumi, M. Heffernan, D. Hokuue, T. Hoshi, Y. Hou, S. Hou, W.-S. Hsiung, Y. B. Iijima, T. Ikado, K. Imoto, A. Inami, K. Ishikawa, A. Itoh, R. Iwasaki, M. Iwasaki, Y. Kaji, H. Kakuno, H. Kang, J. H. Kapusta, P. Katayama, N. Kawai, H. Kawasaki, T. Khan, H. R. Kichimi, H. Kim, Y. J. Kinoshita, K. Korpar, S. Krizan, P. Krokovny, P. Kulasiri, R. Kumar, R. Kuo, C. C. Kuzmin, A. Kwon, Y.-J. Lee, J. Lee, M. J. Lee, S. E. Lesiak, T. Limosani, A. Lin, S.-W. Liventsev, D. Mandl, F. Marlow, D. Matsumoto, T. Miyabayashi, K. Miyake, H. Miyazaki, Y. Mizuk, R. Mori, T. Nakano, E. Nakao, M. Nakazawa, H. Natkaniec, Z. Nishida, S. Nitoh, O. Noguchi, S. Ogawa, S. Ohshima, T. Okuno, S. Onuki, Y. Ozaki, H. Pakhlov, P. Pakhlova, G. Park, H. Park, K. S. Peak, L. S. Pestotnik, R. Piilonen, L. E. Poluektov, A. Sakai, Y. Satoyama, N. Schneider, O. Schuemann, J. Schwartz, A. J. Seidl, R. Senyo, K. Sevior, M. E. Shapkin, M. Shibuya, H. Singh, J. B. Somov, A. Soni, N. Stanic, S. Staric, M. Stoeck, H. Suzuki, S. Y. Tajima, O. Takasaki, F. Tamai, K. Tanaka, M. Taylor, G. N. Teramoto, Y. Tian, X. C. Tikhomirov, I. Trabelsi, K. Tsuboyama, T. Tsukamoto, T. Uehara, S. Uglov, T. Unno, Y. Uno, S. Urquijo, P. Ushiroda, Y. Usov, Y. Varner, G. Villa, S. Wang, C. H. Wang, M.-Z. Watanabe, Y. Wedd, R. Won, E. Xie, Q. L. Yabsley, B. D. Yamaguchi, A. Yamashita, Y. Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Z. P. Zhilich, V. Zupanc, A. CA Belle Collaboration TI Measurement of CP asymmetry in a time-dependent Dalitz analysis of B0 ->(rho pi)(0) and a constraint on the quark mixing matrix angle phi(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; B-DECAYS; VIOLATION; BELLE AB We present a measurement of CP asymmetry using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B-0 ->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decays based on a 414 fb(-1) data sample containing 449x10(6)B(B) over bar pairs. The data was collected on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. Combining our analysis with information on charged B decay modes, we perform a full Dalitz and isospin analysis and obtain a constraint on the CKM angle phi(2), 68 degrees (3)P0 clock transition in Al-27(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER FREQUENCY STANDARD; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOMENTS; NOISE AB We report, for the first time, laser spectroscopy of the S-1(0)-> P-3(0) clock transition in Al-27(+). A single aluminum ion and a single beryllium ion are simultaneously confined in a linear Paul trap, coupled by their mutual Coulomb repulsion. This coupling allows the beryllium ion to sympathetically cool the aluminum ion and also enables transfer of the aluminum's electronic state to the beryllium's hyperfine state, which can be measured with high fidelity. These techniques are applied to measure the clock transition frequency nu=1 121 015 393 207 851(6) Hz. They are also used to measure the lifetime of the metastable clock state tau=20.6 +/- 1.4 s, the ground state S-1(0) g factor g(S)=-0.000 792 48(14), and the excited state P-3(0) g factor g(P)=-0.001 976 86(21), in units of the Bohr magneton. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosenband, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM trosen@boulder.nist.gov RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; NR 28 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 220801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.220801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100011 PM 17677830 ER PT J AU Sengupta, P Batista, CD AF Sengupta, P. Batista, C. D. TI Field-induced supersolid phase in spin-one Heisenberg models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM; LATTICE AB We use numerical methods to demonstrate that the phase diagram of S=1 Heisenberg models with uniaxial anisotropy contains an extended supersolid phase. We show that this Hamiltonian is a particular case of a more general and ubiquitous model that describes the low-energy spectrum of some isotropic and frustrated spin-dimer systems. This result is crucial for finding a spin supersolid state in real magnets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sengupta, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 227201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.227201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100055 PM 17677874 ER PT J AU Tran, CQ Williams, GJ Roberts, A Flewett, S Peele, AG Paterson, D de Jonge, MD Nugent, KA AF Tran, C. Q. Williams, G. J. Roberts, A. Flewett, S. Peele, A. G. Paterson, D. de Jonge, M. D. Nugent, K. A. TI Experimental measurement of the four-dimensional coherence function for an undulator x-ray source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SPACE TOMOGRAPHY; LASER AB A full measurement of the four-dimensional coherence function from an undulator beam line is reported. The analysis is based on the observation that the data are consistent with a coherence function that is mathematically separable. The effective source size can be altered by changing the width of the exit slit, and the complete coherence function is presented for two settings. We find, to within experimental error, that the four-dimensional complex degree of coherence can be described as a real Gaussian function that depends only on the difference of the spatial coordinates. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tran, CQ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Roberts, Ann/C-3418-2011; de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Williams, Garth/H-1606-2012; Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Roberts, Ann/0000-0003-4295-9730; Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 224801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.224801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100032 PM 17677851 ER PT J AU Zhaunerchyk, V Geppert, WD Larsson, M Thomas, RD Bahati, E Bannister, ME Fogle, MR Vane, CR Osterdahl, F AF Zhaunerchyk, V. Geppert, W. D. Larsson, M. Thomas, R. D. Bahati, E. Bannister, M. E. Fogle, M. R. Vane, C. R. Osterdahl, F. TI Three-body breakup in the dissociative recombination of the covalent triatomic molecular ion O-3(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHING FRACTIONS; DEFICIT PROBLEM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; OZONE; H-3(+); FRAGMENTATION; EXCITATION; PRODUCTS; DYNAMICS AB We report the first observation of almost exclusive three-body breakup in the dissociative recombination of a covalent triatomic molecular ion O-3(+). The three-body channel, constituting about 94% of the total reactivity, has been investigated in detail. The atomic fragments are formed in only the first two electronic states, P-3 and D-1, while formation in the S-1 state has not been observed. The breakup predominantly proceeds through dissociative states with linear geometry. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Zhaunerchyk, V (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 22 AR 223201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.223201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 173ZD UT WOS:000246910100021 PM 17677840 ER PT J AU Blaskiewicz, M Brennan, JM AF Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, J. M. TI Bunched beam stochastic cooling in a collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Bunched beam stochastic cooling in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( RHIC) at 100 GeV has been achieved. The longitudinal cooling system is designed for heavy ion operation but was tested using protons. A very low intensity bunch with similar to 10(9) protons was prepared so that cooling times and voltage requirements would be comparable to the heavy ion case. With this bunch a cooling time of the order of an hour was observed through shortening of the bunch length and narrowing of the Schottky lines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blaskiewicz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM blaskiewicz@bnl.gov; brennan@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 061001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.061001 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700003 ER PT J AU Chung, M Gilson, EP Dorf, M Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R AF Chung, Moses Gilson, Erik P. Dorf, Mikhail Davidson, Ronald C. Efthimion, Philip C. Majeski, Richard TI Experiments on transverse compression of a long charge bunch in a linear Paul trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATOR EXPERIMENT; BEAM-PROPAGATION AB The transverse compression of a long charge bunch is investigated in the Paul trap simulator experiment ( PTSX), which is a linear Paul trap that simulates the nonlinear transverse dynamics of an intense charged particle beam propagating through an equivalent kilometers- long magnetic alternating- gradient ( AG) focusing system. Changing the voltage amplitude at fixed focusing frequency in the PTSX device corresponds to changing the field gradient of the quadrupole magnets with fixed axial periodicity in the AG transport system. In this work, we present experimental results on transverse compression of the charge bunch in which the amplitude of the applied oscillatory focusing voltage is changed instantaneously, and adiabatically. The experimental data are also compared with analytical estimates and 2D WARP particle- in- cell simulations. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chung, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064202 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700013 ER PT J AU Erdelyi, B Maloney, J Nolen, J AF Erdelyi, B. Maloney, J. Nolen, J. TI Symmetry-based design of fragment separator optics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; ISOTOPIC-SEPARATION; PROJECT; GSI; PHYSICS; FRS AB Next- generation high- intensity large acceptance fragment separators require a careful design due to the large high order aberrations induced by the large aperture superconducting magnets needed to collect rare isotopes obtained from a high energy primary heavy- ion beam hitting a target. In this paper we propose a fragment separator layout based on various symmetries that satisfies the baseline requirements. Analytical calculations based on symmetry theories simplify the design to numerical optimization of a basic cell with only a few magnetic elements. The insight provided by these calculations resulted in the specification of a simple layout with large acceptance, transmission, and resolution. The design method may be easily adapted to project- specific needs. The important effects of energy degraders necessary for full fragment separator design will be addressed in a future publication. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdelyi, B (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM erdelyi@anl.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064002 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700010 ER PT J AU Fernow, RC Palmer, RB AF Fernow, R. C. Palmer, R. B. TI Solenoidal ionization cooling lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; FIELDS AB We explore a practical approach for designing ionization cooling channels with periodic solenoidal focusing. We examine the lattice characteristics in terms of the properties of the coils and the cell geometry. The peak magnetic field in the coils is an important engineering constraint in lattice design. We examine the dependence of the peak field, momentum passband locations, and the beta function on the coil parameters. We make a systematic examination of all allowed lattice configurations taking into account the symmetry properties of the current densities and the beta function. We introduce a unique classification for comparing cooling lattice configurations. While solutions with a single coil per cell illustrate most of the effects that are important for cooling channel design, the introduction of additional coils allows more flexibility in selecting the lattice properties. We look at example solutions for the problem of the initial transverse cooling stage of a neutrino factory or muon collider and compare our results with the properties of some published cooling lattice designs. Scaling laws are used to compare solutions from different symmetry classes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fernow@bnl.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064001 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700009 ER PT J AU Lund, SM AF Lund, Steven M. TI Proof that stable monotonic equilibrium distributions in a continuous-focusing channel are necessarily axisymmetric SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY THEOREM AB The transverse Vlasov equilibrium distribution function of an unbunched ion beam propagating in a continuous- focusing channel is specified by a function f(perpendicular to)(H-perpendicular to), where H-perpendicular to is the single- particle Hamiltonian. In standard treatments of continuous- focusing equilibria in Vlasov- Poisson electrostatic models, it is assumed that a stable beam equilibrium specified by monotonic f(perpendicular to) (H-perpendicular to) with partial derivative f(perpendicular to) (H-perpendicular to) /partial derivative H-perpendicular to <= 0 is axisymmetric ( no variation in azimuthal angle, i. e., with partial derivative/partial derivative theta = 0). In this paper a simple, but rigorous, proof is presented that only axisymmetric equilibrium solutions are possible in Vlasov- Poisson models for any physical choice of f(perpendicular to) (H-perpendicular to) with partial derivative f(perpendicular to) (H-perpendicular to) /partial derivative H-perpendicular to <= 0 if the confining boundary of the system ( the beam pipe) is axisymmetric or if the geometry is radially unbounded. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smlund@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064203 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700014 ER PT J AU Qin, H Davidson, RC Startsev, EA AF Qin, Hong Davidson, Ronald C. Startsev, Edward A. TI Nonlinear delta f particle simulations of collective excitations and energy-anisotropy instabilities in high-intensity bunched beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; 2-STREAM INSTABILITY AB Collective effects with strong coupling between the longitudinal and transverse dynamics are of fundamental importance for applications of high- intensity bunched beams. The self- consistent Vlasov-Maxwell equations are applied to high- intensity finite- length charge bunches, and a generalized delta f particle simulation algorithm is developed for bunched beams with or without energy anisotropy. The nonlinear delta f method exhibits minimal noise and accuracy problems in comparison with standard particle-in-cell simulations. Systematic studies are carried out under conditions corresponding to strong 3D nonlinear space- charge forces in the beam frame. For charge bunches with isotropic energy, finite bunch-length effects are clearly evident by the fact that the spectra for an infinitely long coasting beam and a nearly spherical charge bunch have strong similarities, whereas the spectra have distinctly different features when the bunch length is varied between these two limiting cases. For bunched beams with anisotropic energy, there exists no exact kinetic equilibrium because the particle dynamics do not conserve transverse energy and longitudinal energy separately. A reference state in approximate dynamic equilibrium has been constructed theoretically, and a quasi- steady state has been established in the simulations for the anisotropic case. Collective excitations relative to the reference state have been simulated using the generalized delta f algorithm. In particular, the electrostatic Harris instability driven by strong energy anisotropy is investigated for a finite- length charge bunch. The observed growth rates are larger than those obtained for infinitely long coasting beams. However, the growth rate decreases for increasing bunch length to a value similar to the case of a long coasting beam. For long bunches, the instability is axially localized symmetrically relative to the beam center, and the characteristic wavelength in the longitudinal direction is comparable to the transverse dimension of the beam. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 AR 064201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064201 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VX UT WOS:000248656700012 ER PT J AU Shestermanov, KE Vasiliev, AN Butler, J Derevshchikov, AA Kasper, P Kiselev, VV Kravtsov, VI Kubota, Y Kutschke, R Matulenko, YA Minaev, NG Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Nogach, LV Rovere, M Ryazantsev, AV Semenov, PA Stone, S Uzunian, AV Yarba, J AF Shestermanov, K. E. Vasiliev, A. N. Butler, J. Derevshchikov, A. A. Kasper, P. Kiselev, V. V. Kravtsov, V. I. Kubota, Y. Kutschke, R. Matulenko, Yu. A. Minaev, N. G. Mochalov, V. V. Morozov, D. A. Nogach, L. V. Rovere, M. Ryazantsev, A. V. Semenov, P. A. Stone, S. Uzunian, A. V. Yarba, J. TI Expected accuracy in a measurement of the CKM angle alpha using a Dalitz plot analysis of B-0 -> p pi decays in the BTeV project SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; B-DECAYS; QCD FACTORIZATION; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; CP ASYMMETRIES; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CROSS-SECTION; VIOLATION AB A precise measurement of the angle alpha in the CKM triangle is very important for a complete test of the Standard Model. A theoretically clean method to extract alpha is provided by B-0 -> rho pi decays. Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the BTeV reconstruction efficiency and to estimate the signal-to-background ratio for these decays were performed. Finally the time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis, using the isospin amplitude formalism for tree and penguin contributions, was carried out. It was shown that, in one year of data taking, BTeV could achieve an accuracy on a better than 5 degrees. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Vasiliev, AN (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. EM Alexander.Vasiliev@ihep.ru RI Kiselev, Valery/K-9447-2013 OI Kiselev, Valery/0000-0002-0096-2301 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1073 DI 10.1134/S1063778807060087 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 189GG UT WOS:000247976800008 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, D. D. TI Geometrical properties of a "snowflake" divertor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK AB Using a simple set of poloidal field coils, one can reach the situation in which the null of the poloidal magnetic field in the divertor region is of second order, not of first order as in the usual X-point divertor. Then, the separatrix in the vicinity of the null point splits the poloidal plane not into four sectors, but into six sectors, making the whole structure look like a snowflake (hence the name). This arrangement allows one to spread the heat load over a much broader area than in the case of a standard divertor. A disadvantage of this configuration is that it is topologically unstable, and, with the current in the plasma varying with time, it would switch either to the standard X-point mode, or to the mode with two X-points close to each other. To avoid this problem, it is suggested to have a current in the divertor coils that is roughly 5% higher than in an "optimum" regime (the one in which a snowflake separatrix is formed). In this mode, the configuration becomes stable and can be controlled by varying the current in the divertor coils in concert with the plasma current; on the other hand, a strong flaring of the scrape-off layer still remains in force. Geometrical properties of this configuration are analyzed. Potential advantages and disadvantages of this scheme are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 064502 DI 10.1063/1.2738399 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100042 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Chong, YK Apruzese, JP Davis, J Clark, RW Giuliani, JL Terry, RE Velikovich, AL Commisso, RJ Whitney, KG Frese, MH Frese, SD Levine, JS Qi, N Sze, H Failor, BH Banister, JW Coleman, PL Coverdale, CA Jones, B Deeney, C AF Thornhill, J. W. Chong, Y. K. Apruzese, J. P. Davis, J. Clark, R. W. Giuliani, J. L., Jr. Terry, R. E. Velikovich, A. L. Commisso, R. J. Whitney, K. G. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Levine, J. S. Qi, N. Sze, H. Failor, B. H. Banister, J. W. Coleman, P. L. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. Deeney, C. TI One- and two-dimensional modeling of argon K-shell emission from gas-puff Z-pinch plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; RADIATION; IMPLOSIONS; TRANSPORT; NOZZLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; INSTABILITY; VELOCITY AB In this paper, a theoretical model is described and demonstrated that serves as a useful tool for understanding K-shell radiating Z-pinch plasma behavior. Such understanding requires a self-consistent solution to the complete nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium kinetics and radiation transport in order to realistically model opacity effects and the high-temperature state of the plasma. For this purpose, we have incorporated into the MACH2 two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code [R. E. Peterkin , J. Comput. Phys. 140, 148 (1998)] an equation of state, called the tabular collisional radiative equilibrium (TCRE) model [J. W. Thornhill , Phys. Plasmas 8, 3480 (2001)], that provides reasonable approximations to the plasma's opacity state. MACH2 with TCRE is applied toward analyzing the multidimensional implosion behavior that occurred in Decade Quad (DQ) [D. Price , Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, edited by C. Stallings and H. Kirbie (IEEE, New York, 1999), p. 489] argon gas puff experiments that employed a 12 cm diameter nozzle with and without a central gas jet on axis. Typical peak drive currents and implosion times in these experiments were similar to 6 MA and similar to 230 ns. By using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence measured initial density profiles as input to the calculations, the effect these profiles have on the ability of the pinch to efficiently produce K-shell emission can be analyzed with this combined radiation-MHD model. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental result that the DQ central-jet configuration is superior to the no-central-jet experiment in terms of producing more K-shell emission. These theoretical results support the contention that the improved operation of the central-jet nozzle is due to the better suppression of instabilities and the higher-density K-shell radiating conditions that the central-jet configuration promotes. When we applied the model toward projecting argon K-shell yield behavior for Sandia National Laboratories' ZR machine (similar to 25 MA peak drive currents, similar to 100 ns implosion times) [D. McDaniel , Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches, Albuquerque, NM, 2002, edited by J. Davis, C. Deeney, and N. R. Pereira (American Institute of Physics, New York, 2002), Vol. 651, p. 23] for experiments that utilize the 12 cm diameter central-jet nozzle configuration, it predicts over 1 MJ of K-shell emission is attainable. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Alameda Appl Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Nucl Securt Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 063301 DI 10.1063/1.2741251 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100035 ER PT J AU Yin, L Winske, D Daughton, W AF Yin, L. Winske, D. Daughton, W. TI Kinetic Alfven waves and electron physics. II. Oblique slow shocks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; DISTANT GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; VELOCITY SPACE HOLE; MODE SHOCKS; MHD SIMULATIONS; MAGNETOTAIL; RECONNECTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; HYBRID AB One-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell (PIC; kinetic ions and electrons) and hybrid (kinetic ions; adiabatic and massless fluid electrons) simulations of highly oblique slow shocks (theta(Bn)=84 degrees and beta=0.1) [Yin , J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09217 (2005)] have shown that the dissipation from the ions is too weak to form a shock and that kinetic electron physics is required. The PIC simulations also showed that the downstream electron temperature becomes anisotropic (T-e(parallel to)>T-e(perpendicular to)), as observed in slow shocks in space. The electron anisotropy results, in part, from the electron acceleration/heating by parallel electric fields of obliquely propagating kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) excited by ion-ion streaming, which cannot be modeled accurately in hybrid simulations. In the shock ramp, spiky structures occur in density and electron parallel temperature, where the ion parallel temperature decreases due to the reduction of the ion backstreaming speed. In this paper, KAW and electron physics in oblique slow shocks are further examined under lower electron beta conditions. It is found that as the electron beta is reduced, the resonant interaction between electrons and the wave parallel electric fields shifts to the tail of the electron velocity distribution, providing more efficient parallel heating. As a consequence, for beta(e)=0.02, the electron physics is shown to influence the formation of a theta(Bn)=75 degrees shock. Electron effects are further enhanced at a more oblique shock angle (theta(Bn)=84 degrees) when both the growth rate and the range of unstable modes on the KAW branch increase. Small-scale electron and ion phase-space vortices in the shock ramp formed by electron-KAW interactions and the reduction of the ion backstreaming speed, respectively, are observed in the simulations and confirmed in homogeneous geometries in one and two spatial dimensions in the accompanying paper [Yin , Phys. Plasmas 14, 062104 (2007)]. Results from this study conclude that the inability of the hybrid method to model the Landau resonance of KAW with electrons and the resulting time-evolving electron parallel heating lead to differences between the PIC and hybrid simulations.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyin@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 062105 DI 10.1063/1.2734951 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100007 ER PT J AU Yin, L Winske, D Daughton, W Bowers, KJ AF Yin, L. Winske, D. Daughton, W. Bowers, K. J. TI Kinetic Alfven waves and electron physics. I. Generation from ion-ion streaming SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC PROTON/PROTON INSTABILITIES; SHEET BOUNDARY-LAYER; SLOW-MODE SHOCKS; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SOLAR-WIND; SIMULATION; DISSIPATION; DYNAMICS; PLASMAS AB Short-wavelength kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) that propagate at large angles with respect to the magnetic field and interact with both electrons and ions have broad application to laboratory and space plasmas. Using linear Vlasov theory and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the generation of KAWs by ion-ion streaming along the magnetic field at relatively low (2.5x the Alfven speed) and low plasma beta (ratio of plasma thermal pressure to magnetic pressure <= 0.1) are investigated. The instability has been examined previously using linear theory and a hybrid simulation method in which the ions are treated kinetically and the electrons as an adiabatic fluid. In this work it is found that when the electron Landau resonance factor or equivalently the ratio of the Alfven speed to the electron thermal speed is large enough, the interaction of KAWs with the electrons produces strong parallel electron heating. The electron parallel heating in turn increases both the wave growth rates and the range of unstable modes of the instability, leading to enhanced saturated wave levels, increased perpendicular ion heating and larger spatial fluctuations in the drift speeds of the ions that appear as greater reductions of relative ion streaming in localized regions, compared to results from hybrid simulations. The interaction of KAWs with the electrons shifts from the bulk to the tail of the parallel velocity distribution at larger values of the resonant factor, corresponding to situations at lower electron beta or more obliquely propagating waves. Ion-to-electron mass ratio effects are considered together with the scaling to electron beta and the resonant factor in order to apply the results to systems of interest. In particular, KAWs and electron kinetics are discussed in the context of oblique slow shock formation and structure [Yin , Phys. Plasmas 14, 062105 (2007)]. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyin@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 062104 DI 10.1063/1.2734950 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100006 ER PT J AU Drell, SD AF Drell, Sidney D. TI The challenge of nuclear weapons SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Drell, SD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1063/1.2754604 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176KD UT WOS:000247082900029 ER PT J AU Baggett, N Kayser, B AF Baggett, Neil Kayser, Boris TI Simon Peter Rosen - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1063/1.2754617 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176KD UT WOS:000247082900031 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical Point Science bloopers SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JUN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 175NB UT WOS:000247019200023 ER PT J AU Bhardwaj, A Elsner, RF Gladstone, GR Cravens, TE Lisse, CM Dennerl, K Branduardi-Raymont, G Wargelin, BJ Waite, JH Robertson, I Ostgaard, N Beiersdorfer, P Snowden, SL Kharchenko, V AF Bhardwaj, Anil Elsner, Ronald F. Gladstone, G. Randall Cravens, Thomas E. Lisse, Carey M. Dennerl, Konrad Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella Wargelin, Bradford J. Waite, J. Hunter, Jr. Robertson, Ina Ostgaard, Nikolai Beiersdorfer, Peter Snowden, Steven L. Kharchenko, Vasili TI X-rays from solar system objects SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Meeting of the Asia-Oceania-Geosciences-Society CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE planets; minor bodies; planetary satellites; comets; X-ray emission; solar wind; heliosphere; atmosphere ID IO PLASMA TORUS; WIND CHARGE-EXCHANGE; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; JOVIAN AURORAL ELECTRONS; ASTEROID 433 EROS; COMET HALE-BOPP; ALL-SKY SURVEY AB During the last few years our knowledge about the X-ray emission from bodies within the solar system has significantly improved. Several new solar system objects are now known to shine in X-rays at energies below 2 keV. Apart from the Sun, the known X-ray emitters now include planets (Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn), planetary satellites (Moon, Io, Europa, and Ganymede), all active comets, the Io plasma torus (IPT), the rings of Saturn, the coronae (exospheres) of Earth and Mars, and the heliosphere. The advent of higher-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observatories has been of great benefit in advancing the field of planetary X-ray astronomy. Progress in modeling X-ray emission, laboratory studies of X-ray production, and theoretical calculations of cross-sections, have all contributed to our understanding of processes that produce X-rays from the solar system bodies. At Jupiter and Earth, both auroral and non-auroral disk X-ray emissions have been observed. X-rays have been detected from Saturn's disk, but no convincing evidence of an X-ray aurora has been observed. The first soft (0.1-2 keV) X-ray observation of Earth's aurora by Chandra shows that it is highly variable. The non-auroral X-ray emissions from Jupiter, Saturn, and Earth, those from the disk of Mars, Venus, and Moon, and from the rings of Saturn, are mainly produced by scattering of solar X-rays. The spectral characteristics of X-ray emission from comets, the heliosphere, the geocorona, and the Martian halo are quite similar, but they appear to be quite different from those of Jovian auroral X-rays. X-rays from the Galilean satellites and the IPT are mostly driven by impact of Jovian magnetospheric particles. This paper reviews studies of the soft X-ray emission from the solar system bodies, excluding the Sun. Processes of production of solar system X-rays are discussed and an overview is provided of the main source mechanisms of X-ray production at each object. A brief account on recent development in the area of laboratory studies of X-ray production is also provided. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 685022, Kerala, India. NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC XD12, Space Sci Branch, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. MPI Extraterrest Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bhardwaj, A (reprint author), Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 685022, Kerala, India. EM anil_bhardwaj@vssc.gov.in; ron.elsner@msfc.nasa.gov; randy.gladstone@swri.org; cravens@ku.edu; carey.lisse@jhuapl.edu; kod@mpe.mpg.de; gbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; bwargelin@cfa.harvard.edu; hwaite@swri.edu; robertin@ku.edu; nikost@ift.uib.no; beiersdorfer@llnl.gov; snowden@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X NR 250 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 SI SI BP 1135 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.11.009 PG 55 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189WH UT WOS:000248018800014 ER PT J AU Classen, AT Overby, ST Hart, SC Koch, GW Whitham, TG AF Classen, Aimee T. Overby, Steven T. Hart, Stephen C. Koch, George W. Whitham, Thomas G. TI Season mediates herbivore effects on litter and soil microbial abundance and activity in a semi-arid woodland SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE community-level physiological profiles; enzyme activity; insect herbivory; microarthropods; microbial biomass; semi-arid woodland ID SUSCEPTIBLE PINYON PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY HERITABILITY; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; CONTRASTING SITES; FOREST; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB Herbivores can directly impact ecosystem function by altering litter quality of an ecosystem or indirectly by shifting the composition of microbial communities that mediate nutrient processes. We examined the effects of tree susceptibility and resistance to herbivory on litter microarthropod and soil microbial communities to test the general hypothesis that herbivore driven changes in litter inputs and soil microclimate will feedback to the microbial community. Our study population consisted of individual pinon pine trees that were either susceptible or resistant to the stem-boring moth (Dioryctria albovittella) and susceptible pinon pine trees from which the moth herbivores have been manually removed since 1982. Moth herbivory increased pinon litter nitrogen concentrations (16%) and decreased canopy precipitation interception (28%), both potentially significant factors influencing litter and soil microbial communities. Our research resulted in three major findings: (1) In spite of an apparent increase in litter quality, herbivory did not change litter microarthropod abundance or species richness. (2) However, susceptibility to herbivores strongly influenced bulk soil microbial communities (i.e., 52% greater abundance beneath herbivore-resistant and herbivore-removal trees than susceptible trees) and alkaline phosphatase activity (i.e., 412% increase beneath susceptible trees relative to other groups). (3) Season had a strong influence on microbial communities (i.e., microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity increased after the summer rains), and their response to herbivore inputs, in this semi-arid ecosystem. Thus, during the dry season plant resistance and susceptibility to a common insect herbivore had little or no observable effects on the belowground organisms and processes we studied, but after the rains, some pronounced effects emerged. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USFS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Classen, AT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM classenat@ornl.gov RI Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2007 VL 295 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9277-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 179HA UT WOS:000247279100018 ER PT J AU Andre, C Froehlich, JE Moll, MR Benning, C AF Andre, Carl Froehlich, John E. Moll, Matthew R. Benning, Christoph TI A heteromeric plastidic pyruvate kinase complex involved in seed oil biosynthesis in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-NAPUS EMBRYOS; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; DEVELOPING CASTOR; OILSEED RAPE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; ENVELOPE MEMBRANE; SOYBEAN SEEDS AB Glycolysis is a ubiquitous pathway thought to be essential for the production of oil in developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and oil crops. Compartmentation of primary metabolism in developing embryos poses a significant challenge for testing this hypothesis and for the engineering of seed biomass production. It also raises the question whether there is a preferred route of carbon from imported photosynthate to seed oil in the embryo. Plastidic pyruvate kinase catalyzes a highly regulated, ATP-producing reaction of glycolysis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes 14 putative isoforms of pyruvate kinases. Three genes encode subunits a, beta(1), and beta(2) of plastidic pyruvate kinase. The plastid enzyme prevalent in developing seeds likely has a subunit composition of 4 alpha 4 beta(1), is most active at pH 8.0, and is inhibited by Glu. Disruption of the gene encoding the b1 subunit causes a reduction in plastidic pyruvate kinase activity and 60% reduction in seed oil content. The seed oil phenotype is fully restored by expression of the b1 subunit-encoding cDNA and partially by the b2 subunit-encoding cDNA. Therefore, the identified pyruvate kinase catalyzes a crucial step in the conversion of photosynthate into oil, suggesting a preferred plastid route from its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate to fatty acids. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, US Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Benning, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM benning@msu.edu NR 70 TC 95 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2006 EP 2022 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.048629 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 195ZV UT WOS:000248451900021 PM 17557808 ER PT J AU Kelleher, CT Chiu, R Shin, H Bosdet, IE Krzywinski, MI Fjell, CD Wilkin, J Yin, TM DiFazio, SP Ali, J Asano, JK Chan, S Cloutier, A Girn, N Leach, S Lee, D Mathewson, CA Olson, T O'Connor, K Prabhu, AL Smailus, DE Stott, JM Tsai, M Wye, NH Yang, GS Zhuang, J Holt, RA Putnam, NH Vrebalov, J Giovannoni, JJ Grimwood, J Schmutz, J Rokhsar, D Jones, SJM Marra, MA Tuskan, GA Bohlmann, J Ellis, BE Ritland, K Douglas, CJ Schein, JE AF Kelleher, Colin T. Chiu, Readman Shin, Heesun Bosdet, Ian E. Krzywinski, Martin I. Fjell, Chris D. Wilkin, Jennifer Yin, TongMing DiFazio, Stephen P. Ali, Johar Asano, Jennifer K. Chan, Susanna Cloutier, Alison Girn, Noreen Leach, Stephen Lee, Darlene Mathewson, Carrie A. Olson, Teika O'Connor, Katie Prabhu, Anna-Liisa Smailus, Duane E. Stott, Jeffery M. Tsai, Miranda Wye, Natasja H. Yang, George S. Zhuang, Jun Holt, Robert A. Putnam, Nicholas H. Vrebalov, Julia Giovannoni, James J. Grimwood, Jane Schmutz, Jeremy Rokhsar, Daniel Jones, Steven J. M. Marra, Marco A. Tuskan, Gerald A. Bohlmann, Jorg Ellis, Brian E. Ritland, Kermit Douglas, Carl J. Schein, Jacqueline E. TI A physical map of the highly heterozygous Populus genome: integration with the genome sequence and genetic map and analysis of haplotype variation SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Populus trichocarpa; physical map; genome integration; BAC end sequences; poplar genomics; haplotype diversity ID CATERPILLARS MALACOSOMA-DISSTRIA; TRICHOCARPA X DELTOIDES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; FINGERPRINTED CLONES; POPLAR GENOMICS; HYBRID POPLAR; LINKAGE MAPS; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; DNA AB As part of a larger project to sequence the Populus genome and generate genomic resources for this emerging model tree, we constructed a physical map of the Populus genome, representing one of the few such maps of an undomesticated, highly heterozygous plant species. The physical map, consisting of 2802 contigs, was constructed from fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. The map represents approximately 9.4-fold coverage of the Populus genome, which has been estimated from the genome sequence assembly to be 485 +/- 10 Mb in size. BAC ends were sequenced to assist long-range assembly of whole-genome shotgun sequence scaffolds and to anchor the physical map to the genome sequence. Simple sequence repeat-based markers were derived from the end sequences and used to initiate integration of the BAC and genetic maps. A total of 2411 physical map contigs, representing 97% of all clones assigned to contigs, were aligned to the sequence assembly (JGI Populus trichocarpa, version 1.0). These alignments represent a total coverage of 384 Mb (79%) of the entire poplar sequence assembly and 295 Mb (96%) of linkage group sequence assemblies. A striking result of the physical map contig alignments to the sequence assembly was the co-localization of multiple contigs across numerous regions of the 19 linkage groups. Targeted sequencing of BAC clones and genetic analysis in a small number of representative regions showed that these co-aligning contigs represent distinct haplotypes in the heterozygous individual sequenced, and revealed the nature of these haplotype sequence differences. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Douglas, CJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM cdouglas@interchange.ubc.ca RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Douglas, Carl/B-1384-2013; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Holt, Robert/C-3303-2009; Schein, Jacquie/G-3674-2015; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; NR 61 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03112.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 177TL UT WOS:000247175300011 PM 17488239 ER PT J AU Simakov, AN Catto, PJ AF Simakov, Andrei N. Catto, Peter J. TI Momentum transport in arbitrary mean-free path plasma with a Maxwellian lowest order distribution function SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID DRIFT-KINETIC-EQUATION; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; GYROKINETIC EQUATIONS; COLLISIONAL TOKAMAK; ION-TRANSPORT; ART.; ROTATION; FORCE AB Expressions for the ion perpendicular viscosity as well as for the electron and ion gyroviscosities, parallel viscosities and heat fluxes are derived for arbitrary mean-free path plasmas, in which the lowest order distribution function is a Maxwellian, by assuming the gyroradius is small compared with the shortest perpendicular scale length. The results are given in terms of a few velocity space integrals of the gyrophase independent correction to the Maxwellian and correctly reproduce known results in the collisional limit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Simakov, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM simakov@lanl.gov OI Simakov, Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 729 EP 752 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/6/004 PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 175XM UT WOS:000247047300004 ER PT J AU Tang, V Parker, RR Bonoli, PT Wright, JC Granetz, RS Harvey, RW Jaeger, EF Liptac, J Fiore, CL Greenwald, M Irby, JH Lin, Y Wukitch, SJ AF Tang, V. Parker, R. R. Bonoli, P. T. Wright, J. C. Granetz, R. S. Harvey, R. W. Jaeger, E. F. Liptac, J. Fiore, C. L. Greenwald, M. Irby, J. H. Lin, Y. Wukitch, S. J. TI Experimental and numerical characterization of ion-cyclotron heated protons on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; ICRF; NEUTRALIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; TRANSPORT; RANGE; WAVES; JET; HE+ AB Energetic minority protons with similar to 100 keV effective temperature are routinely created in Alcator C-Mod plasmas with the application of ion-cyclotron-range-of- frequency (ICRF) heating. A multichannel compact neutral particle analyzer (CNPA) is used to make measurements of these distributions in Alcator C-Mod's unique and reactor-relevant operating space via active and passive charge-exchange techniques. A radially injected 50 keV diagnostic hydrogen neutral beam is used for active analysis. Using a detailed model that accounts for beam, halo and impurity electron donors, core proton temperatures of similar to 30 -120 keV are directly measured for the. rst time in lower density (n(e0) similar to (0.8-1.5) x 10(20) m(-3)) Alcator C-Mod plasmas with up to only similar to 0.5MW of ICRF power. The model found that the minority proton temperatures are peaked spatially away from r/a = 0, even for an on-axis resonance. Additionally, noticeable phase-space anisotropy is seen as expected for ICRF heating. The measured effective temperatures also scale approximately with the Stix parameter. The CNPA temperature measurements are compared with several leading simulation packages such as the TORIC/FPPRF and AORSA/CQL3D full-wave/Fokker -Planck (FW/FP) solvers. Preliminary comparisons with the AORSA/CQL3D code which include results from a new synthetic diagnostic show good agreement and demonstrate that accurate tracking of the minority distribution during iterations of the FW and FP solvers is required to simulate Alcator C-Mod's energetic minority populations with accuracy. Physically, poor wave focusing and preferential heating of trapped energetic protons are found to move the fast proton temperature profiles off-axis. These FW/FP analyses represent the. rst comparison between predictions of these detailed codes and core minority tail experimental measurements on Alcator C-Mod. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CompX Corp, Del Mar, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tang, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tang23@llnl.gov RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 873 EP 904 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/6/013 PG 32 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 175XM UT WOS:000247047300013 ER PT J AU Batchelor, DA Beck, M Becoulet, A Budny, RV Chang, CS Diamond, PH Dong, JQ Fu, GY Fukuyama, A Hahm, TS Keyes, DE Kishimoto, Y Klasky, S Lao, LL Li, K Lin, Z Ludaescher, B Manickam, J Nakajima, N Ozeki, T Podhorszki, N Tang, WM Vouk, MA Waltz, RE Wang, SJ Wilson, HR Xu, XQ Yagi, M Zonca, F AF Batchelor, D. A. Beck, M. Becoulet, A. Budny, R. V. Chang, C. S. Diamond, P. H. Dong, J. Q. Fu, G. Y. Fukuyama, A. Hahm, T. S. Keyes, D. E. Kishimoto, Y. Klasky, S. Lao, L. L. Li, K. Lin, Z. Ludaescher, B. Manickam, J. Nakajima, N. Ozeki, T. Podhorszki, N. Tang, W. M. Vouk, M. A. Waltz, R. E. Wang, S. J. Wilson, H. R. Xu, X. Q. Yagi, M. Zonca, F. TI Simulation of fusion plasmas: Current status and future direction SO PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; INDUCED ALFVEN EIGENMODES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; EDGE-LOCALIZED MODES; GYROKINETIC PARTICLE SIMULATION; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; GEODESIC-ACOUSTIC-MODE; INTERNAL KINK MODES C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA Fus Controlee, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Kyoto Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Dept Fundamental Energy Sci, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EURATOM, ENEA Fus, CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Batchelor, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Zonca, Fulvio/I-8236-2016 OI Zonca, Fulvio/0000-0002-9270-4704 NR 511 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1009-0630 J9 PLASMA SCI TECHNOL JI Plasma Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 312 EP 387 DI 10.1088/1009-0630/9/3/13 PG 76 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 209MJ UT WOS:000249392300013 ER PT J AU Shankaran, H Resat, H Wiley, HS AF Shankaran, Harish Resat, Haluk Wiley, H. Steven TI Cell surface receptors for signal transduction and ligand transport: A design principles study SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SEGMENT POLARITY NETWORK; STEADY-STATE MODEL; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; HORMONE RECEPTOR AB Receptors constitute the interface of cells to their external environment. These molecules bind specific ligands involved in multiple processes, such as signal transduction and nutrient transport. Although a variety of cell surface receptors undergo endocytosis, the systems-level design principles that govern the evolution of receptor trafficking dynamics are far from fully understood. We have constructed a generalized mathematical model of receptor-ligand binding and internalization to understand how receptor internalization dynamics encodes receptor function and regulation. A given signaling or transport receptor system represents a particular implementation of this module with a specific set of kinetic parameters. Parametric analysis of the response of receptor systems to ligand inputs reveals that receptor systems can be characterized as being: i) avidity-controlled where the response control depends primarily on the extracellular ligand capture efficiency, ii) consumption-controlled where the ability to internalize surface-bound ligand is the primary control parameter, and iii) dual-sensitivity where both the avidity and consumption parameters are important. We show that the transferrin and low-density lipoprotein receptors are avidity-controlled, the vitellogenin receptor is consumption-controlled, and the epidermal growth factor receptor is a dual-sensitivity receptor. Significantly, we show that ligand-induced endocytosis is a mechanism to enhance the accuracy of signaling receptors rather than merely serving to attenuate signaling. Our analysis reveals that the location of a receptor system in the avidity-consumption parameter space can be used to understand both its function and its regulation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Syst Biol Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Syst Biol Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM haluk.resat@pnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072821, 5R01GM072821-02, R01 GM072821-02] NR 68 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 986 EP 999 AR e101 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030101 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 205HV UT WOS:000249105500009 PM 17542642 ER PT J AU Murray, CE Yan, H Noyan, IC AF Murray, Conal E. Yan, H. Noyan, I. C. TI Mechanics of microelectronics structures as revealed by X-ray diffraction SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE strain; X-ray diffraction; mechanics ID THIN-FILM; SILICON; STRESS; CRYSTALS AB The presence of strain distributions within semiconductor features influences many aspects of their behavior. For example, microelectronic technology that incorporates strained silicon improves device performance by increasing carrier mobility in the Si channels. Because current semiconductor fabrication contains multiple levels of metallic and dielectric structures, an understanding of the mechanical response of the constituent elements is critical to the prediction of the overall device performance. In addition, the interaction of strain fields between adjacent structures becomes greater as feature sizes decrease and the corresponding feature density increases. The use of synchrotron-based X-ray methods allows one to determine the interaction between strained features and their environment at a submicron resolution. Real-space mapping of strain distributions in pseudomorphically strained, raised SiGe structures revealed that elastic relaxation extends approximately 20 times the feature thickness from their edges. X-ray topographic methods were also applied to map the substrate deformation induced by overlying SiGe features. A formulation based on the classical Ewald-von Lane theory of dynamical diffraction was derived to match the measured diffraction profiles. (c) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Murray, CE (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011 OI Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1154/1.2737460 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 181CQ UT WOS:000247414900002 ER PT J AU Ehm, L Antao, SM Chen, JH Locke, DR Michel, FM Martin, CD Yu, T Parise, JB Antao, SM Lee, PL Chupas, PJ Shastri, SD Guo, QZ AF Ehm, Lars Antao, Sytle M. Chen, Jiuhua Locke, Darren R. Michel, F. Marc Martin, C. David Yu, Tonh Parise, John B. Antao, Sytle M. Lee, Peter L. Chupas, Peter J. Shastri, Sarvjit D. Guo, Quanzhong TI Studies of local and intermediate range structure in crystalline and amorphous materials at high pressure using high-energy X-rays SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE high pressure; diffraction; pair distribution function; nanocrystalline materials; diamond anvil cell; liquids ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURE; LIQUID GALLIUM; GA METAL; DIFFRACTION; PHASES; VOLUME; BETA; FES AB The method of high-energy total elastic X-ray scattering to determine the atomic structure of nanocrystalline, highly disordered, and amorphous materials is presented. The current state of the technique, its potential, and limitations are discussed with two successful studies on the pressure induced phase transition in mackinawite (FeS) and the high-pressure behavior of liquid gallium. (c) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ehm, L (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1154/1.2737456 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 181CQ UT WOS:000247414900004 ER PT J AU Vogel, SC Reiche, H Brown, DW AF Vogel, Sven C. Reiche, Helmut Brown, Donald W. TI High pressure deformation study of zirconium SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE high pressure; deformation; hcp; zirconium; strain; texture; radiography ID DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE; STRAIN; DIA; RINGWOODITE; MECHANISMS; MAGNESIUM; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; GPA AB In situ deformation studies of polycrystalline materials using diffraction are an established method to understand elastic and plastic deformation of materials. Studies of active deformation mechanisms, the interplay of deformation with texture, and ultimately the development of predictive capabilities for deformation modeling are an active field of research. Parameters studied by diffraction aretypically lattice strains and texture.,evolution, which coupled with the macroscopic flow curve allow for improved understanding of the micro-mechanics of deformation. We performed a study of the uniaxial deformation of Zircaloy-2 at 2 GPa at the 13-BM-D beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The deformation-DIA apparatus generates a confining hydrostatic pressure using a cubic anvil setup. Two differential rams allow an increase (compressive load) or decrease (tensile load) of the uniaxial straining in the vertical direction, allowing studies of plastic deformation at high pressures. In this paper, we describe how macroscopic strains, hydrostatic pressure, and uniaxial strains are derived and present some brief results. (c) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1154/1.2737459 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 181CQ UT WOS:000247414900005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Browning, JF Frazer, CS Snow, CS Tissot, RG Boespflug, EP AF Rodriguez, Mark A. Browning, James F. Frazer, Colleen S. Snow, Clark S. Tissot, Ralph G. Boespflug, Elaine P. TI Unit cell expansion in ErT2 films SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE erbium tritide; tritium; X-ray diffraction; XRD; structure; macrostrain; helium bubbles ID DESORPTION; TRITIDE; HE-3 AB XRD analysis of plasma-vapor-deposited ErT2 films during aging (T decay to He-3) reveals an hkl-dependent unit-cell expansion in which (200) grains expand out-of-plane as much as 0.01 angstrom more than (111) out-of-plane grains. Texture analysis of an aged ErT2 film reveals a bimodal (111)/(200) out-of-plane preferred orientation. Sin(2) psi analysis reveals significant in-plane macro-strain due to He-3 bubble formation/growth. The mechanistic origins regarding these observations are also discussed. (c) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Browning, James/0000-0001-8379-259X NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1154/1.2737462 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 181CQ UT WOS:000247414900006 ER PT J AU Worley, CG Colletti, LP AF Worley, Christopher G. Colletti, Lisa P. TI Optimization of a dried residue specimen preparation method for quantifying analytes in plutonium metal using WDXRF SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL Colorado Springs, CO DE WDXRF; plutonium; dried residue; thin film AB A novel method for preparing thin films was investigated for quantifying gallium and iron in plutonium solutions using WDXRF. This technique was developed to eliminate the potential for radioactive liquid to leak into the spectrometer, decrease specimen preparation time, and minimize waste. Samples were cast in mu L quantities ontoKapton, and a surfactant was added to disperse the solution uniformly across the Kapton. After drying the specimens, they were sealed in a cell for analysis. Results to date indicate the method can provide a relative precision of similar to 0.5% for gallium and similar to 2% for iron, which is more than sufficient for routine sample analyses. (c) 2007 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worley, CG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1154/1.2737463 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 181CQ UT WOS:000247414900013 ER PT J AU Kastengren, A Powell, CF AF Kastengren, A. Powell, C. F. TI Spray density measurements using X-ray radiography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE X-ray radiography; spray density; diesel injection ID FUEL SPRAYS; JET AB An ultra-fast X-ray radiography technique has been developed to study the structure of diesel sprays. Radiography provides quantitative time-resolved measurements of the fuel distribution from near the spray orifice to the dispersed far-field spray. It offers several advantages over traditional spray diagnostics, since it provides quantitative data and is not limited to dilute regions of the spray. X-ray radiography does have significant limitations, however; the acquired data are ensemble averaged and pathlength integrated. The results which can be obtained from X-ray radiography are demonstrated using a short-duration (400 mu s) low-pressure (250 bar) diesel injection into a gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature from a Bosch light-duty diesel injector. Other possible uses of X-ray diagnostics and future directions in radiography research are also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kastengren, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Bldg 362,Room C240A,9700 S Cass AVe, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM akastengren@anl.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 221 IS D6 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1243/09544070JAUTO392 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 190NJ UT WOS:000248065500002 ER PT J AU Ciatti, SA Bihari, B Wallner, T AF Ciatti, S. A. Bihari, B. Wallner, T. TI Establishing combustion temperature in a hydrogen-fuelled engine using spectroscopic measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydrogen engine; temperature measurement; chemiluminescence; OH*; spectrograph; fibre optic AB The results reported in this article are based upon spectrographic measurements taken form, a single-cylinder hydrogen powered internal combustion engine. The goals, as stated by the US Department of Energy, are for hydrogen engines to achieve 45 per cent peak brake thermal efficiency, 0.07 g/mile NOx emissions, and US $45/kW. One of the primary research interests in hydrogen engines is to ensure operation of the engine without requiring NOx after-treatment. A reliable method to measure combustion temperature will be useful to achieve this goal. However, unlike most hydrocarbon combustion systems that emit soot radiation, hydrogen combustion provides little in the way of measurable radiation emission except for the excited state of the hydroxyl radical (OH*). An optical fibre was inserted into the cylinder head of this engine to capture the photons emitted by the OH* radical during combustion. Based upon the distribution of the intensity of photons emitted in the 306-310 nm band, the temperature of the OH* radical can be calculated. A computer algorithm was used to simulate the energy distribution. This simulated distribution is then compared with the measured distribution, iterating the simulation by change of temperature until it appropriately matches the measured distribution. This diagnostic also has potential application to combustion systems that also do not emit soot radiation; advanced low-temperature combustion concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ciatti, SA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Bldg 362,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sciatti@anl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 221 IS D6 BP 699 EP 712 DI 10.1243/09544070JAUTO399 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 190NJ UT WOS:000248065500005 ER PT J AU Lefrancois, AS Lee, RS Tarver, CM AF Lefrancois, Alexandre S. Lee, Ronald S. Tarver, Craig M. TI Shock desensitization effect in the confined explosive component water gap test defined by the NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) 4363 SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE LX16; shock desensitization; confinement effect; SDT; small scale AB In an effort to extend the modified explosive component water gap test [1-3] defined by the NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) 4363, several countries have investigated the shock sensitiveness of confined lead and booster components having a diameter less than 5 mm [4-8]. A pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) based acceptor pellet is chosen as a reference with a height and diameter of 3 mm. The height of the steel confinement is equal to the one of the HE pellet and the wall thickness varies. A 1-mm thick wall makes the component more sensitive (larger water gap). As the wall thickness is increased to 2-mm, the gap increases a lesser amount. A decrease in sensitivity is observed with a 3.5 mm thick wall (smaller water gap). This decrease of the water gap has been reproduced experimentally. This unusual behavior remains puzzling and does not allow the test to be extended for small components. This work presents the numerical simulations performed with LS-Dyna in 2D axi-symmetrical and 3D wedge configurations, using an ignition and growth model [9] for LX-16 (96% PETN, 4% FPC 461) in order to evaluate the shock sensitiveness for a confined HE acceptor. C1 Ctr Etud Gramat, DGA, Gramat, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lefrancois, AS (reprint author), Ctr Etud Gramat, DGA, Gramat, France. EM alexandre.lefrancois@dga.defense.gouv.fr NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1002/prep.200700026 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 183XZ UT WOS:000247607000009 ER PT J AU Zerkle, DK Asay, BW Parker, GR Dickson, PM Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF AF Zerkle, David K. Asay, Blaine W. Parker, Gary R. Dickson, Peter M. Smilowitz, Laura B. Henson, Bryan F. TI On the permeability of thermally damaged PBX 9501 SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE cook-off; darcy's law; high explosive; PBX 9501; gas permeation ID DELTA PHASE-TRANSITION; GAS PERMEATION; BETA; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; KINETICS AB Theoretical analysis, modeling, and simulation are used to provide insight into the development of permeability during thermal damage of the high explosive PBX 9501. In a recently, published article. Terrones et al. [1] conclude that samples of PBX 9501 thermally damaged at 186 degrees C are not permeable to gas flow in a manner consistent with Darcy's Law. We disagree with their conclusion. We show that they have misreported data from the literature, and that their argument depends on a fluid flow model that is physically incorrect and is applied with inappropriate physical parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zerkle, DK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dzerkle@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1002/prep.200700027 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 183XZ UT WOS:000247607000010 ER PT J AU Stols, L Zhou, M Eschenfeldt, WH Millard, CS Abdullah, J Collart, FR Kim, Y Donnelly, MI AF Stols, Lucy Zhou, Min Eschenfeldt, William H. Millard, Cynthia Sanville Abdullah, James Collart, Frank R. Kim, Youngchang Donnelly, Mark I. TI New vectors for co-expression of proteins: Structure of Bacillus subtilis ScoAB obtained by high-throughput protocols SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE expression vectors; co-expression; co-purification; coenzyme A transferase; high throughput; structural genomics ID COENZYME-A TRANSFERASE; COA-TRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PIG-HEART; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES; CLONING; YEAST; PURIFICATION AB The Bacillus subtilis genes scoA and scoB encode subunits of the heteromeric enzyme ScoAB, a putative succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate coenzyme A transferase. High-throughput, ligation-independent cloning (LIC) vectors used extensively for production and purification of single proteins were modified to allow simultaneous expression of interacting proteins and selective purification of functional complexes. Transfer of the LIC region of vector pMCSG7 (L. Stols, M. Gu, L. Dieckman, R. Raffen, F.R. Collart, M.I. Donnelly. A new vector for high-throughput, ligation-independent cloning encoding a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site. Protein Expr. Purif. (2002) 25, 8-15) into commercial vectors with alternative, compatible origins of replication allowed introduction of standard LIC PCR products into the vectors by uniform protocols. Replacement of the His-tag encoding region of pMCSG7 with a sequence encoding the S-tag enabled selective purification of interacting proteins based on the His-tag associated with one member of the complex. When expressed separately and mixed, the ScoAB subunits failed to interact productively; no transferase activity was detected, and S-tagged ScoB failed to co-purify with His-tagged ScoA. Co-expression, in contrast, generated active transferase that catalyzed the predicted reaction. The ScoAB complex was purified by standard high-throughput metalion affinity chromatography procedures, crystallized robotically, and its structure was determined by molecular replacement. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Donnelly, MI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Bldg 202,Room BE111,9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mdonnelly@anl.gov OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414, GM074942] NR 41 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2007.01.013 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 166ZS UT WOS:000246420800022 PM 17363272 ER PT J AU Zhang, LD Shen, JP Guarnieri, MT Heroux, A Yang, K Zhao, R AF Zhang, Lingdi Shen, Jingping Guarnieri, Michael T. Heroux, Annie Yang, Kui Zhao, Rui TI Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of splicing factor Prp8 carrying retinitis pigmentosa mutants SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prp8; retinitis pigmentosa; MPN domain; crystal structure ID 26S PROTEASOME; SPLICEOSOME ACTIVATION; REGULATORY PARTICLE; JAB1/MPN DOMAIN; U5 SNRNP; PROTEIN; DEGRADATION; DEUBIQUITINATION; METALLOPROTEASE; SIGNALOSOME AB Prp8 is a critical pre-mRNA splicing factor. Prp8 is proposed to help form and stabilize the spliceosome catalytic core and to be an important regulator of spliceosome activation. Mutations in human Prp8 (hPrp8) cause a severe form of the genetic disorder retinitis pigmentosa, RP13. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Prp8's function in pre-mRNA splicing and RP13 has been hindered by its large size (over 2000 amino acids) and remarkably low-sequence similarity with other proteins. Here we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain (the last 273 residues) of Caenorhabditis elegans Prp8 (cPrp8). The core of the C-terminal domain is an a/b structure that forms the MPN (Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal) fold but without Zn2+ coordination. We propose that the C-terminal domain is a protein interaction domain instead of a Zn2+-dependent metalloenzyme as proposed for some MPN proteins. Mapping of RP13 mutants on the Prp8 structure suggests that these residues constitute a binding surface between Prp8 and other partner(s), and the disruption of this interaction provides a plausible molecular mechanism for RP13. C1 Univ Colorado Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhao, R (reprint author), MS 8101,POB 6511, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM rui.zhao@uchsc.edu NR 36 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1031 DI 10.1110/ps.072872007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 171HP UT WOS:000246727100003 PM 17473007 ER PT J AU Lowenstein, DI Rusek, A AF Lowenstein, D. I. Rusek, A. TI Technical developments at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID BNL AB The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a center for space radiation research in both the life and physical sciences. BNL is a multidisciplinary research facility operated for the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy (DOE). The BNL scientific research portfolio supports a large and diverse science and technology program including research in nuclear and high-energy physics, material science, chemistry, biology, medial science, and nuclear safeguards and security. NSRL, in operation since July 2003, is an accelerator-based facility which provides particle beams for radiobiology and physics studies (Lowenstein in Phys Med 17(supplement 1):26-29 2001). The program focus is to measure the risks and to ameliorate the effects of radiation encountered in space, both in low earth orbit and extended missions beyond the earth. The particle beams are produced by the Booster synchrotron, an accelerator that makes up part of the injector sequence of the DOE nuclear physics program's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Ion species from protons to gold are presently available, at energies ranging from < 100 to > 1,000 MeV/n. The NSRL facility has recently brought into operation the ability to rapidly switch species and beam energy to supply a varied spectrum onto a given specimen. A summary of past operation performance, plans for future operations and recent and planned hardware upgrades will be described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lowenstein, DI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Lowenstein@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0084-x PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000002 PM 17211657 ER PT J AU Bertucci, A Durante, M Gialanella, G Grossi, G Manti, L Pugliese, M Scampoli, P Mancusi, D Sihver, L Rusek, A AF Bertucci, A. Durante, M. Gialanella, G. Grossi, G. Manti, L. Pugliese, M. Scampoli, P. Mancusi, D. Sihver, L. Rusek, A. TI Shielding of relativistic protons SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID ENERGY IRON IONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; ABERRATIONS; RISK AB Protons are the most abundant element in the galactic cosmic radiation, and the energy spectrum peaks around 1 GeV. Shielding of relativistic protons is therefore a key problem in the radiation protection strategy of crewmembers involved in long-term missions in deep space. Hydrogen ions were accelerated up to 1 GeV at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. The proton beam was also shielded with thick ( about 20 g/cm(2)) blocks of lucite (PMMA) or aluminium ( Al). We found that the dose rate was increased 40-60% by the shielding and decreased as a function of the distance along the axis. Simulations using the General Purpose Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS) show that the dose increase is mostly caused by secondary protons emitted by the target. The modified radiation Weld after the shield has been characterized for its biological eVectiveness by measuring chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed just behind the shield block, or to the direct beam, in the dose range 0.53 Gy. Notwithstanding the increased dose per incident proton, the fraction of aberrant cells at the same dose in the sample position was not significantly modified by the shield. The PHITS code simulations show that, albeit secondary protons are slower than incident nuclei, the LET spectrum is still contained in the low-LET range (< 10 keV/mu m), which explains the approximately unitary value measured for the relative biological effectiveness. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Biol, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NASA, Space Radiat Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Durante, M (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Monte S Angelo,Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM durante@na.infn.it RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Mancusi, Davide/0000-0002-2518-8228; Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0088-6 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000005 PM 17256178 ER PT J AU Bennett, PV Cutter, NC Sutherland, BM AF Bennett, Paula V. Cutter, Noelle C. Sutherland, Betsy M. TI Split-dose exposures versus dual ion exposure in human cell neoplastic transformation SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID GENE AB Since radiation fields of space contain many-fold more protons than high atomic number, high energy (HZE) particles, cells in astronaut crews will experience on average several proton hits before an HZE hit. Thus radiation regimes of proton exposure before HZE particle exposure simulate space radiation exposure, and measurement of the frequency of neoplastic transformation of human primary cells to anchorage-independent growth simulates an initial step in cancer induction. Although previous investigations indicated a synergistic increase in transformation yields in the cells exposed to protons followed by HZE particles, these experiments did not differentiate between the effect of splitting of the dose into two fractions and that of changing the ion beams. To test this, we irradiated cells with split doses of either protons or HZE particles, then measured clonogenic survival and neoplastic transformation, as measured by colony formation in semi-solid soft agar medium. The data show that the split dose of 20 cGy plus 20 cGy of either H or HZE ions gave about the same effect as the 40 cGy uninterrupted dose, quite different from the effect of the mixed ion beam H + HZE irradiation. We also asked if lower proton doses than 20 cGy followed 15 min later by 20 cGy of HZE ions gave greater than additive transformation frequencies. Substantial increases in transformation levels were observed for all proton doses tested, including 1 cGy. These results point to the signal importance of protons in affecting the effect of space radiation on human cells. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA86897] NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0091-y PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000007 PM 17256176 ER PT J AU Soucy, KG Lim, HK Benjo, A Santhanam, L Ryoo, S Shoukas, AA Vazquez, ME Berkowitz, DE AF Soucy, Kevin G. Lim, Hyun Kyo Benjo, Alexandre Santhanam, Lakshmi Ryoo, Sungwoo Shoukas, Artin A. Vazquez, Marcelo E. Berkowitz, Dan E. TI Single exposure gamma-irradiation amplifies xanthine oxidase activity and induces endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID INDUCED HEART-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; OXIDOREDUCTASE SYSTEM; IONIZING-RADIATION; PROTEIN-KINASE; SHEAR-STRESS; MORTALITY; RESPONSIVENESS; AUGMENTATION; INHIBITORS AB Irradiation of the heart and vasculature can cause a spectrum of cardiovascular complications, including increased risk of myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease. Although irradiation is implicated in oxidant stress and chronic inflammation, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that irradiation-initiated upregulation of xanthine oxidase (XO), a primary source of cardiovascular reactive oxygen species, contributes to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular stiffness. Twenty-two, 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were gamma-irradiated at the following doses: 0, 50, 160, and 500 cGy. Rats exposed to 500 cGy showed a significant increase in endothelial XO expression and a twofold increase in XO activity, compared to the 0 cGy controls. Endothelial function was investigated ex vivo through vascular tension dose-responses to the endothelial dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine. Endothelial-dependent relaxation in aorta of the 500 cGy exposed rats was significantly attenuated from the control group. Remarkably, specific inhibition of XO with oxypurinol restored the relaxation response to that of the control. Furthermore, these ex vivo results are reflected in vivo through alterations in vascular stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). As early as 1-day post-exposure, rats exhibited a significant increase in PWV from pre-exposure. The PWV of irradiated rats (50, 160, and 500 cGy) were greater than those of 0 cGy control rats at 1 day, 1 and 2 weeks. The sham and irradiated rats possessed equivalent pre-exposure PWV, with sham showing no change over 2 weeks. Thus, these findings suggest that early upregulation of XO contributes to oxidative stress and endothelial nitro-redox imbalance with resultant endothelial dysfunction and altered vascular mechanics. Furthermore, these data identify XO as a potential molecular target for attenuating irradiation-induced cardiovascular injury. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Yonsei Univ, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Div Radiat Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Berkowitz, DE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, 600 N Wolfe St,Tower 711, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM dberkowi@jhmi.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG025017] NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0090-z PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000016 PM 17256177 ER PT J AU Chang, PY Bjornstad, KA Rosen, CJ Lin, S Blakely, EA AF Chang, P. Y. Bjornstad, K. A. Rosen, C. J. Lin, S. Blakely, E. A. TI Particle radiation alters expression of matrix metalloproteases resulting in ECM remodeling in human lens cells SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Space Radiation Research/17th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators Meeting CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; ACCELERATED HEAVY-PARTICLES; CATARACT FORMATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; X-RAYS; SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT; TISSUE INHIBITORS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; WILD-TYPE; ATM GENE AB Relatively low doses of space radiation have been correlated with an increased incidence and earlier appearance of cataracts in space travelers. The lens is a radiosensitive organ of the body with a very obvious late end point of radiation damage-cataract. However, many molecular changes occur in the lens soon after radiation exposure and long before the appearance of an opacification. The goal of our research is to elucidate early mechanisms associated with particle radiation-induced cataractogenesis, with the ultimate goal of developing countermeasures. Normal, cultured non-immortalized human lens cells were grown on matrix-coated plastic tissue culture vessels and irradiated with particle beams at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) or at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Lab. Samples were harvested at different times after radiation exposure. Using a focused genetic approach, total RNA and protein extracts from control and irradiated samples were processed and probed for the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have previously been studied in adult postmortem human lenses, in post-cataract intraocular lens (IOL) surgery capsular bags and with immortalized human lens cell cultures. Significant differences exist in the expression pattern with these various model systems. We have evidence for the cell stage-specific expression of MMP family of genes during lens fiber differentiation, and for radiation-induced alterations in the misregulation of MMP expression. Our data indicate that radiation exposure may lead to differences in the expression of radiation stress responses, which may impact selective ECM remodeling and cell differentiation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 70A-1118,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EABlakely@lbl.gov NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00411-006-0087-7 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166EF UT WOS:000246360000017 PM 17256179 ER PT J AU Bender, CM AF Bender, Carl M. TI Making sense of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SYMMETRIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS; OPERATOR DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; INVARIANT PERIODIC POTENTIALS; LEE EDGE SINGULARITY; PSEUDO-HERMITICITY; PT-SYMMETRY; FIELD-THEORY; SQUARE-WELL; REAL SPECTRUM; SPONTANEOUS BREAKDOWN AB The Hamiltonian H specifies the energy levels and time evolution of a quantum theory. A standard axiom of quantum mechanics requires that H be Hermitian because Hermiticity guarantees that the energy spectrum is real and that time evolution is unitary (probability-preserving). This paper describes an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics in which the mathematical axiom of Hermiticity (transpose + complex conjugate) is replaced by the physically transparent condition of space-time re. flection (PT) symmetry. If H has an unbroken PT symmetry, then the spectrum is real. Examples of PT-symmetric non-Hermitian quantum-mechanical Hamiltonians are H = p(2)+ix(3) and H = p(2)-x(4). Amazingly, the energy levels of these Hamiltonians are all real and positive! Does a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian H specify a physical quantum theory in which the norms of states are positive and time evolution is unitary? The answer is that if H has an unbroken PT symmetry, then it has another symmetry represented by a linear operator C. In terms of C, one can construct a time-independent inner product with a positive-definite norm. Thus, PT-symmetric Hamiltonians describe a new class of complex quantum theories having positive probabilities and unitary time evolution. The Lee model provides an excellent example of a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian. The renormalized Lee-model Hamiltonian has a negative-norm ' ghost' state because renormalization causes the Hamiltonian to become non-Hermitian. For the past 50 years there have been many attempts to. nd a physical interpretation for the ghost, but all such attempts failed. The correct interpretation of the ghost is simply that the non-Hermitian Lee-model Hamiltonian is PT-symmetric. The C operator for the Lee model is calculated exactly and in closed form and the ghost is shown to be a physical state having a positive norm. The ideas of PT symmetry are illustrated by using many quantum-mechanical and quantum-. eld-theoretic models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmb@wustl.edu RI Carl, Marx/B-2314-2012 NR 199 TC 864 Z9 871 U1 14 U2 99 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 947 EP 1018 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/70/6/R03 PG 72 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176SF UT WOS:000247104500003 ER PT J AU Anders, A Pasaja, N Sansongsiri, S AF Anders, Andre Pasaja, Nitisak Sansongsiri, Sakon TI Filtered cathodic arc deposition with ion-species-selective bias SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; VACUUM-ARC; THIN-FILMS; PLASMA IMMERSION; RAMAN-SPECTRA; STRESS; ENERGY; BEAM; GENERATION; HARDNESS AB A dual-cathode arc plasma source was combined with a computer-controlled bias amplifier to synchronize substrate bias with the pulsed production of plasma. In this way, bias can be applied in a material-selective way. The principle has been applied to the synthesis of metal-doped diamondlike carbon films, where the bias was applied and adjusted when the carbon plasma was condensing and the substrate was at ground when the metal was incorporated. In doing so, excessive sputtering by energetic metal ions can be avoided while the sp(3)/sp(2) ratio can be adjusted. It is shown that the resistivity of the film can be tuned by this species-selective bias; Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm expected changes of the amorphous ta-C:Mo films. The species-selective bias principle could be extended to multiple material plasma sources and complex materials. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063901 DI 10.1063/1.2745229 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200023 PM 17614620 ER PT J AU Beechem, T Graham, S Kearney, SP Phinney, LM Serrano, JR AF Beechem, Thomas Graham, Samuel Kearney, Sean P. Phinney, Leslie M. Serrano, Justin R. TI Invited Article: Simultaneous mapping of temperature and stress in microdevices using micro-Raman spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SOLIDS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; MEMS AB Analysis of the Raman Stokes peak position and its shift has been frequently used to estimate either temperature or stress in microelectronics and microelectromechanical system devices. However, if both fields are evolving simultaneously, the Stokes shift represents a convolution of these effects, making it difficult to measure either quantity accurately. By using the relative independence of the Stokes linewidth to applied stress, it is possible to deconvolve the signal into an estimation of both temperature and stress. Using this property, a method is presented whereby the temperature and stress were simultaneously measured in doped polysilicon microheaters. A data collection and analysis method was developed to reduce the uncertainty in the measured stresses resulting in an accuracy of +/- 40 MPa for an average applied stress of -325 MPa and temperature of 520 degrees C. Measurement results were compared to three-dimensional finite-element analysis of the microheaters and were shown to be in excellent agreement. This analysis shows that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to measure both evolving temperature and stress fields in devices using a single optical measurement. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beechem, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 32 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 061301 DI 10.1063/1.2738946 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200001 PM 17614598 ER PT J AU Dunham, G Bailey, JE Rochau, GA Lake, PW Nielsen-Weber, LB AF Dunham, Greg Bailey, J. E. Rochau, G. A. Lake, P. W. Nielsen-Weber, L. B. TI Quantitative extraction of spectral line intensities and widths from x-ray spectra recorded with gated microchannel plate detectors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Plasma spectroscopy requires determination of spectral line intensities and widths. At Sandia National Laboratories Z facility we use elliptical crystal spectrometers equipped with gated microchannel plate detectors to record time and space resolved spectra. We collect a large volume of data typically consisting of five to six snapshots in time and five to ten spectral lines with 30 spatial elements per frame, totaling to more than 900 measurements per experiment. This large volume of data requires efficiency in processing. We have addressed this challenge by using a line fitting routine to automatically fit each spectrum using assumed line profiles and taking into account photoelectron statistics to efficiently extract line intensities and widths with uncertainties. We verified that the random data noise obeys Poisson statistics. Rescale factors for converting film exposure to effective counts required for understanding the photoelectron statistics are presented. An example of the application of these results to the analysis of spectra recorded in Z experiments is presented. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dunham, G (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, 1300 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063106 DI 10.1063/1.2748674 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200007 PM 17614604 ER PT J AU Kunz, M Caldwell, WA Miyagi, L Wenk, HR AF Kunz, Martin Caldwell, Wendel A. Miyagi, Lowell Wenk, Hans-Rudolf TI In situ laser heating and radial synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LOWER MANTLE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MGO; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; MAGNESIOWUSTITE; SYSTEM; HALITE; MODEL; GPA AB We report a first combination of diamond anvil cell radial x-ray diffraction with in situ laser heating. The laser-heating setup of ALS beamline 12.2.2 was modified to allow one-sided heating of a sample in a diamond anvil cell with an 80 W yttrium lithium fluoride laser while probing the sample with radial x-ray diffraction. The diamond anvil cell is placed with its compressional axis vertical, and perpendicular to the beam. The laser beam is focused onto the sample from the top while the sample is probed with hard x-rays through an x-ray transparent boron-epoxy gasket. The temperature response of preferred orientation of (Fe,Mg)O is probed as a test experiment. Recrystallization was observed above 1500 K, accompanied by a decrease in stress. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kunz, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063907 DI 10.1063/1.2749443 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200029 PM 17614626 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Forest, CA Clark, DA Buttler, WT Marr-Lyon, M Rightley, P AF Swift, Damian C. Forest, Charles A. Clark, David A. Buttler, William T. Marr-Lyon, Mark Rightley, Paul TI On high explosive launching of projectiles for shock physics experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The hydrodynamic operation of the "Forest Flyer" type of explosive launching system for shock physics projectiles was investigated in detail using one and two dimensional continuum dynamics simulations. The simulations were numerically converged and insensitive to uncertainties in the material properties; they reproduced the speed of the projectile and the shape of its rear surface. The most commonly used variant, with an Al alloy case, was predicted to produce a slightly curved projectile, subjected to some shock heating and likely exhibiting some porosity from tensile damage. The curvature is caused by a shock reflected from the case; tensile damage is caused by the interaction of the Taylor wave pressure profile from the detonation wave with the free surface of the projectile. The simulations gave only an indication of tensile damage in the projectile, as damage is not understood well enough for predictions in this loading regime. The flatness can be improved by using a case of lower shock impedance, such as polymethyl methacrylate. High-impedance cases, including Al alloys but with denser materials improving the launching efficiency, can be used if designed according to the physics of oblique shock reflection, which indicates an appropriate case taper for any combination of explosive and case material. The tensile stress induced in the projectile depends on the relative thickness of the explosive, expansion gap, and projectile. The thinner the projectile with respect to the explosive, the smaller the tensile stress. Thus if the explosive is initiated with a plane wave lens, the tensile stress is lower than that for initiation with multiple detonators over a plane. The previous plane wave lens designs did, however, induce a tensile stress close to the spall strength of the projectile. The tensile stress can be reduced by changes in the component thicknesses. Experiments verifying the operation of explosively launched projectiles should attempt to measure porosity induced in the projectile: arrival time measurements are likely to be insensitive to porous regions caused by damaged or recollected material. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dswift@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063904 DI 10.1063/1.2746769 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200026 PM 17614623 ER PT J AU Vainionpaa, JH Kalvas, T Hahto, SK Reijonen, J AF Vainionpaa, J. H. Kalvas, T. Hahto, S. K. Reijonen, J. TI Experiments with planar inductive ion source meant for creation of H+ beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTERS; WALL AB In this article the effects of different engineering parameters of rf-driven ion sources with an external spiral antenna and a quartz rf window are studied. This article consists of three main topics: the effect of source geometry on the operation gas pressure, the effect of source materials and magnetic confinement on extracted current density and ion species, and the effect of different antenna geometries on the extracted current density. The effect of source geometry was studied using three cylindrical plasma chambers with different inner diameters. The chamber materials were studied using two materials, aluminum (Al) and alumina (Al2O3). The removable 14 magnet multicusp confinement arrangement enabled us to compare the effects of the two wall materials with and without the magnetic confinement. The highest measured proton fractions were measured using Al2O3 plasma chamber and no multicusp confinement. For the compared ion sources the source with multicusp confinement and Al2O3 plasma chamber yields the highest current densities. Multicusp confinement increased the maximum extracted current by up to a factor of 2. Plasma production with different antenna geometries were also studied. The highest current density was achieved using 4.5 loop solenoid antenna with 6.0 cm diameter. A slightly lower current density with lower pressure was achieved using a tightly wound 3 loop spiral antenna with 3.3 cm inner diameter and 6 cm outer diameter. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vainionpaa, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063503 DI 10.1063/1.2742624 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200011 PM 17614608 ER PT J AU Xiao, XH De Carlo, F Stock, S AF Xiao, Xianghui De Carlo, Francesco Stock, Stuart TI Practical error estimation in zoom-in and truncated tomography reconstructions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Synchrotron-based microtomography provides high resolution, but the resolution in large samples is often limited by the detector field of view and the pixel size. For some samples, only a small region of interest is relevant and local tomography is a powerful approach for retaining high resolution. Two methods are truncated tomography and zoom-in tomography. In this article we use existing theoretical results to estimate the error present in truncated and zoom-in tomographic reconstructions. These errors agree with the errors calculated from exact tomographic reconstructions. We argue in a heuristic manner why zoom-in tomography is superior to the truncated tomography in terms of the reconstruction error. However, the theoretical formula is not usable in practice because it requires the complete high-resolution reconstruction to be known. To solve this problem we proposed a practical method for estimating the error in zoom-in and truncated tomographies. The results using this estimation method are in very good agreement with our experimental results. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Xiao, XH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xhxiao@aps.anl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063705 DI 10.1063/1.2744224 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184FJ UT WOS:000247626200017 PM 17614614 ER PT J AU Mriziq, KS Cochran, HD Dadmun, MD AF Mriziq, Khaled S. Cochran, Hank D. Dadmun, Mark D. TI Rheology and birefringence of Fomblin YR at very high shear rates SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE shear flow; flow-induced orientation; flow-induced bireftingence; rheology; optical rheometer; shear viscosity ID LUBRICANT FILMS; DEPENDENCE; VISCOSITY; TRIBOLOGY; PRESSURE; DISKS AB The theological and structural properties of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant films including viscosity, shear stress, and birefringence were measured at relatively low to extremely high shear rates using a rotational optical rheometer. The viscosity of various films with different thicknesses exhibit Newtonian behavior up to a shear rate 1 x 10(4) s(-1), with a transition to shear-thinning behavior obvious at higher shear rates. Birefringence of these films was also measured for the first time, and these results indicate chain alignment with shear in the shear-thinning regime. The shear rate at which alignment occurs is similar to that of the onset of shear thinning. This correlation between chain alignment and shear thinning provides direct evidence that the ability of PFPEs to lubricate hard drives at high shear rates is a direct consequence of the ability of the applied shear field to align the molecules on a molecular level. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dad@utk.edu OI Dadmun, Mark/0000-0003-4304-6087 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1007/s00397-006-0160-9 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 186YH UT WOS:000247814000006 ER PT J AU Rose, A Adosu, G Liao, SY AF Rose, Adam Adosu, Gbadebo Liao, Shu-Yi TI Business interruption impacts on the electric power system resilience to a total blackout of a terrorist attack of Los Angeles: Customer SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE business interruption loss estimation; general equilibrium analysis; power blackouts; resilience; terrorism ID SERVICE; DISRUPTIONS; SECTORS; COST AB Regional economies are highly dependent on electricity, thus making their power supply systems attractive terrorist targets. We estimate the largest category of economic losses from electricity outages-business interruption-in the context of a total blackout of electricity in Los Angeles. We advance the state of the art in the estimation of the two factors that strongly influence the losses: indirect effects and resilience. The results indicate that indirect effects in the context of general equilibrium analysis are moderate in size. The stronger factor, and one that pushes in the opposite direction, is resilience. Our analysis indicates that electricity customers have the ability to mute the potential shock to their business operations by as much as 86%. Moreover, market resilience lowers the losses, in part through the dampening of general equilibrium effects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Appl Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Econ, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. RP Rose, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Policy Planning & Dev, DHS, CREATE, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM adamzros@sppd.usc.edu NR 60 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00912.x PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 193WA UT WOS:000248304700003 PM 17640205 ER PT J AU Warnick, W AF Warnick, Walter TI Problems of searching in Web databases SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Warnick, W (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, 1 Sci Gov Way, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5829 BP 1284 EP 1284 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173PS UT WOS:000246885600023 PM 17540883 ER PT J AU Giraud, E Moulin, L Vallenet, D Barbe, V Cytryn, E Avarre, JC Jaubert, M Simon, D Cartieaux, F Prin, Y Bena, G Hannibal, L Fardoux, J Kojadinovic, M Vuillet, L Lajus, A Cruveiller, S Rouy, Z Mangenot, S Segurens, B Dossat, C Franck, WL Chang, WS Saunders, E Bruce, D Richardson, P Normand, P Dreyfus, B Pignol, D Stacey, G Emerich, D Vermeglio, A Medigue, C Sadowsky, M AF Giraud, Eric Moulin, Lionel Vallenet, David Barbe, Valerie Cytryn, Eddie Avarre, Jean-Christophe Jaubert, Marianne Simon, Damien Cartieaux, Fabienne Prin, Yves Bena, Gilles Hannibal, Laure Fardoux, Joel Kojadinovic, Mila Vuillet, Laurie Lajus, Aurelie Cruveiller, Stephane Rouy, Zoe Mangenot, Sophie Segurens, Beatrice Dossat, Carole Franck, William L. Chang, Woo-Suk Saunders, Elizabeth Bruce, David Richardson, Paul Normand, Philippe Dreyfus, Bernard Pignol, David Stacey, Gary Emerich, David Vermeglio, Andre Medigue, Claudine Sadowsky, Michael TI Legumes symbioses: Absence of Nod genes in photosynthetic bradyrhizobia SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ROOT-NODULE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; NODULATION; JAPONICUM; GENOME; BACTERIA; AUXOTROPHS; SEQUENCE AB Leguminous plants ( such as peas and soybeans) and rhizobial soil bacteria are symbiotic partners that communicate through molecular signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of nodules on legume roots and occasionally stems that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nodule formation has been assumed to be exclusively initiated by the binding of bacterial, host-specific lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors, encoded by the nodABC genes, to kinase-like receptors of the plant. Here we show by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes. Mutational analyses indicated that these unique rhizobia use an alternative pathway to initiate symbioses, where a purine derivative may play a key role in triggering nodule formation. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, INRA,AGRO Montpellier, Inst Rech Dev,Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Lab Symbioses Trop & Mediterraneennes,UMR 113, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. Genoscope, CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France. Genoscope, Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS,UMR 6191,CEA Cadarache,Direct Sci Vivant, Inst Biol Environm & Biotechnol,Serv Biol Vegetal, Lab Bioenerget Cellulaire DSV IBEB SBVME LBC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Biochem, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, F-69365 Lyon, France. RP Giraud, E (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, INRA,AGRO Montpellier, Inst Rech Dev,Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Lab Symbioses Trop & Mediterraneennes,UMR 113, TA A-82-J,Campus Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM giraud@mpl.ird.fr; sadowsky@umn.edu RI Normand, Philippe/A-1142-2012; Moulin, Lionel/C-2921-2008; OI Moulin, Lionel/0000-0001-9068-6912; Normand, Philippe/0000-0002-2139-2141; Bena, Gilles/0000-0003-3080-8441; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Vallenet, David/0000-0001-6648-0332; PIGNOL, David/0000-0002-8070-0319; Avarre, Jean Christophe/0000-0001-6899-7052 NR 41 TC 269 Z9 948 U1 8 U2 121 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5829 BP 1307 EP 1312 DI 10.1126/science.1139548 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173PS UT WOS:000246885600042 PM 17540897 ER PT J AU Tanatar, MA Paglione, J Petrovic, C Taillefer, L AF Tanatar, Makariy A. Paglione, Johnpierre Petrovic, Cedomir Taillefer, Louis TI Anisotropic violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law at a quantum critical point SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC INSTABILITY; HEAVY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS; METALS; ALLOY AB A quantum critical point transforms the behavior of electrons so strongly that new phases of matter can emerge. The interactions at play are known to fall outside the scope of the standard model of metals, but a fundamental question remains: Is the basic concept of a quasiparticle - a fermion with renormalized mass - still valid in such systems? The Wiedemann-Franz law, which states that the ratio of heat and charge conductivities in a metal is a universal constant in the limit of zero temperature, is a robust consequence of Fermi-Dirac statistics. We report a violation of this law in the heavy-fermion metal CeColn(5) when tuned to its quantum critical point, depending on the direction of electron motion relative to the crystal lattice, which points to an anisotropic destruction of the Fermi surface. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, RQMP, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Taillefer, L (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. EM louis.taillefer@physique.usherbrooke.ca RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881 NR 34 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5829 BP 1320 EP 1322 DI 10.1126/science.1140762 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173PS UT WOS:000246885600045 PM 17540899 ER PT J AU Jiang, DT Thomson, K Kuntz, JD Ager, JW Mukherjee, AK AF Jiang, Dongtao Thomson, Katherine Kuntz, Joshua D. Ager, Joel W. Mukherjee, Amiya K. TI Effect of sintering temperature on a single-wall carbon nanotube-toughened alumina-based nanocomposite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; alumina; spark plasma sintering; nanocomposite; toughening ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS AB Spark plasma sintering is used to produce single-walled carbon nanotube-toughened Al(2)O(3)-based composites that exhibit excellent toughness (6.9-9.7 MPa m(1/2)), being at least two times higher than that of single phase alumina. Raman spectroscopy indicates that carbon nanotube cannot be retained at high sintering temperature. A high compressive stress (2.0 GPa) in the alumina matrix is also responsible for the improvement in toughness. The controversy in the literature over the effective toughening of alumina by carbon nanotube is discussed. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukherjee, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akmukherjee@ucdavis.edu OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 11 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.02.007 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164YJ UT WOS:000246270600011 ER PT J AU Darsell, JT Weil, KS AF Darsell, Jens T. Weil, K. Scott TI Experimental determination of phase equilibria in the silver-copper oxide system at high temperature SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE brazing; phase transformations ID THERMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; AG AB Phase equilibria in the Ag-CuOx system were studied by a combination of thermal, microstructural and compositional analyses conducted at temperatures higher than previously investigated. While the miscibility gap boundaries determined in the present work differ from extrapolated values presented in prior reports, they validate those predicted by recent computational analyses. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1111 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.050 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 169PY UT WOS:000246605300027 ER PT J AU Heasler, P Posse, C Hylden, J Anderson, K AF Heasler, Patrick Posse, Christian Hylden, Jeff Anderson, Kevin TI Nonlinear Bayesian algorithms for gas plume detection and estimation from hyper-spectral thermal image data SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE plumes; Bayesian; regression; MCMC; hyperspectral; LWIR; uncertainty ID PARAMETERS AB This paper presents a nonlinear Bayesian regression algorithm for detecting and estimating gas plume content from hyper-spectral data. Remote sensing data, by its very nature, is collected under less controlled conditions than laboratory data. As a result, the physics-based model that is used to describe the relationship between the observed remote-sensing spectra, and the terrestrial ( or atmospheric) parameters that are estimated is typically littered with many unknown "nuisance" parameters. Bayesian methods are well-suited for this context as they automatically incorporate the uncertainties associated with all nuisance parameters into the error estimates of the parameters of interest. The nonlinear Bayesian regression methodology is illustrated on simulated data from a three-layer model for longwave infrared (LWIR) measurements from a passive instrument. The generated LWIR scenes contain plumes of varying intensities, and this allows estimation uncertainty and probability of detection to be quantified. The results show that this approach should permit more accurate estimation as well as a more reasonable description of estimate uncertainty. Specifically, the methodology produces a standard error that is more realistic than that produced by matched filter estimation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heasler, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM patrick.heasler@pnl.gov; christian.posse@pnl.gov; jeff.hylden@pnl.gov; kevin.anderson@pnl.gov OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 905 EP 920 DI 10.3390/s7060905 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 183EX UT WOS:000247556600004 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS An, G AF Faeder, J. R. Hlavacek, W. S. An, G. TI BioNetGen: A tool for formal knowledge representation of intracellular pathways SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Conference of the Shock-Society CY JUN 09-12, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Shock Soc C1 Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 SU 1 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 173PT UT WOS:000246885700093 ER PT J AU Homescu, C Petzold, LR Serban, R AF Homescu, Chris Petzold, Linda R. Serban, Radu TI Error estimation for reduced-order models of dynamical systems SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE model reduction; proper orthogonal decomposition; small sample statistical condition estimation; adjoint method ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; REDUCTION; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; EFFICIENT; EQUATION; CLIMATE; DESIGN AB The use of reduced-order models to describe a dynamical system is pervasive in science and engineering. Often these models are used without an estimate of their error or range of validity. In this paper we consider dynamical systems and reduced models built using proper orthogonal decomposition. We show how to compute estimates and bounds for these errors by a combination of small sample statistical condition estimation and error estimation using the adjoint method. Most important, the proposed approach allows the assessment of regions of validity for reduced models, i.e., ranges of perturbations in the original system over which the reduced model is still appropriate. Numerical examples validate our approach: the error norm estimates approximate well the forward error, while the derived bounds are within an order of magnitude. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Homescu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cristian.homescu@wachovia.com; petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu; radu@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 277 EP 299 DI 10.1137/070684392 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 173FI UT WOS:000246858500005 ER PT J AU Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B AF Brislawn, Christopher M. Wohlberg, Brendt TI Gain normalization of lifted filter banks SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE filter bank; wavelet; polyphase; lifting; JPEG 2000 ID IMAGE COMPRESSION STANDARD; JPEG-2000; WAVELETS AB The DC and Nyquist responses of the filters in a two-channel perfect reconstruction filter bank are expressed in terms of the lifting filters in a lifting decomposition. The computation makes use of the cascade-form representation of lifting steps as lower- and upper-triangular factor matrices in the polyphase-with-advance representation. A functional relationship is derived connecting the DC and Nyquist responses via the polyphase determinant, and it is shown that the responses for a lifted filter bank can be computed recursively using the DC responses of the lifting filters. These results are applied to derive the filter bank normalization specifications in Part 2 of the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 still image coding standard. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brislawn@lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.11.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 151QN UT WOS:000245305700008 ER PT J AU Sayeed, M Mahinthakumar, K Karonis, NT AF Sayeed, Mohamed Mahinthakumar, Kumar Karonis, Nicholas T. TI GRID-enabled solution of groundwater inverse problems on the TeraGrid network SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE high performance computing; grid computing; inverse problems; optimization; ground-water; genetic algorithms; finite element methods; TeraGrid ID OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; IMPLEMENTATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Grid-computing environments are becoming increasingly popular for scientific computing due to the significant increase in capacity that they represent when compared to a single computational resource (e.g., a single cluster), their ubiquitous availability and advances in grid middleware components. Several such specialized grid environments are now available for users in the commercial and research sectors. One such effort for research is the TeraGrid, consisting of a collection of geographically distributed heterogeneous supercomputer resources including data storage resources. Parallel implementations for these environments are inherently multilevel and obtaining efficient mapping of work to processors can be extremely challenging. This paper extends an existing MPI application to the grid via the use of grid-enabled MPI libraries. The application uses a simulation-optimization framework involving coarse-grained parallelism in the optimizer and fine-grained parallelism in the finite-element-based simulator. Using parallelism at both these levels is essential for problems involving computationally intensive simulation steps. A hierarchical grid architecture consisting of a collection of supercomputers is ideally suited for these types of problems as a good application-to-architecture mapping can be obtained with a proper implementation. This paper presents the performance results of our implementation on the TeraGrid network consisting of three geographically distributed supercomputers. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Sayeed, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM msayeed@purdue.edu; gmkumar@ncsu.edu; karonis@niu.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 83 IS 6 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1177/0037549707084936 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 231NZ UT WOS:000250956700002 ER PT J AU Grimm, S Schwirn, K Goring, P Knoll, H Miclea, PT Greiner, A Wendorff, JH Wehrspohn, RB Gosele, U Steinhart, M AF Grimm, Silko Schwirn, Kathrin Goering, Petra Knoll, Heiko Miclea, Paul T. Greiner, Andreas Wendorff, Joachim H. Wehrspohn, Ralf B. Goesele, Ulrich Steinhart, Martin TI Nondestructive mechanical release of ordered polymer microfiber arrays from porous templates SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE arrays; microstructure; polymers; templates; wetting ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; MACROPOROUS SILICON; NANOTUBES; ALUMINA; SURFACES; CONFINEMENT; LIQUIDS; WALLS; METAL; POLYSTYRENE AB The fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and microstructures inside the pores of porous templates is intensively investigated. The release of these structures is commonly accomplished by etching and destroying the templates. The 1D nanostructures and microstructures tend to condense because of the occurrence of capillary forces during drying of the specimens. It is shown that highly ordered arrays of polymer microfibers can be easily detached from silanized porous templates by mechanical lift-off. This procedure leaves the templates intact, thus allowing their recycling, and does not involve the use of solutions or solvents, thus circumventing condensation. Therefore, mechanical lift-off may enable the up-scaling of template-based approaches to the fabrication of highly ordered assemblies of 1D nanostructures and microstructures. C1 Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Mech Mat, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Phys, D-4790 Paderborn, Germany. Univ Marburg, Dept Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Steinhart, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany. EM steinhart@mpi-halle.de RI Wehrspohn, Ralf/B-9197-2011; Steinhart, Martin/B-7811-2011 OI Wehrspohn, Ralf/0000-0002-6588-8544; Steinhart, Martin/0000-0002-5241-8498 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 SI SI BP 993 EP 1000 DI 10.1002/smll.200600544 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 177JA UT WOS:000247148200008 PM 17352430 ER PT J AU Luo, WD Zhang, PH Cohen, ML AF Luo, Weidong Zhang, Peihong Cohen, Marvin L. TI Splitting of the zone-center phonon in MnO and NiO SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; phonons; exchange and superexchange ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRANSITION-METAL MONOXIDES; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; BAND THEORY; CRYSTALS AB We develop a model based on the superexchange interaction and the Heisenberg Hamiltonian to understand the zone-center transverse optical (TO) phonon splittings in the late transition-metal oxides with type-II antiferromagnetic ordering. Even for a cubic rocksalt lattice, the anisotropic magnetic coupling due to the non-cubic distribution of the spin density can produce a splitting of the TO phonon energies. To calculate these splittings for MnO and NiO, we apply a recently implemented LSDA + U method based on a pseudopotential plane-wave formalism and obtain results for both MnO and NiO which are consistent with our model predictions. The calculated splitting for MnO is in excellent agreement with a recent experiment, while the result for NiO appears to be inconsistent with current experimental results and entails further investigation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Luo, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wdluo@civet.berkeley.edu RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 142 IS 9 BP 504 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.047 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 172PJ UT WOS:000246816000005 ER PT J AU Ikuno, T Sainsbury, T Okawa, D Frehet, JMJ Zettl, A AF Ikuno, T. Sainsbury, T. Okawa, D. Frehet, J. M. J. Zettl, A. TI Amine-functionalized boron nitride nanotubes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; surface and interface; scanning and transmission electron microscopy ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE AB The surface of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been functionalized with amine groups via ammonia plasma irradiation. The functionalized tubes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Amine-functionalized BNNTs were found to be highly dispersible in chloroform, and are predicted to form the basis of a new class of chemically reactive nanostructures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Ikuno, Takashi/N-8454-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Ikuno, Takashi/0000-0002-5322-9373; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 21 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 8 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 142 IS 11 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.010 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179ZO UT WOS:000247329600006 ER PT J AU Carne, TG Griffith, DT Casias, ME AF Carne, Thomas G. Griffith, D. Todd Casias, Miguel E. TI Support conditions for experimental modal analysis SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB When modal testing a structure for model validation, free boundary conditions are frequently approximated in the lab to compare with free boundary-condition analyses. Free conditions are used because they are normally easy to simulate analytically and easier to approximate experimentally than boundary conditions with fixed conditions. However, the free conditions can only be approximated in the lab, because the structure must be supported in some manner. This article investigates and quantifies the effects of the support conditions on both the measured modal frequencies and damping factors. The investigation has determined that the measured modal damping is significantly more sensitive to the support system (stiffness and damping) than the measured modal frequency. Included in the article are simple formulas that can be used to predict the effect on measured modal parameters given the support stiffness and damping. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carne, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tgcarne@sandia.gov RI Griffith, Daniel/C-2807-2014 OI Griffith, Daniel/0000-0002-7767-3700 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 191MN UT WOS:000248135400002 ER PT J AU Reisenfeld, DB Burnett, DS Becker, RH Grimberg, AG Heber, VS Hohenberg, CM Jurewicz, AJG Meshik, A Pepin, RO Raines, JM Schlutter, DJ Wieler, R Wiens, RC Zurbuchen, TH AF Reisenfeld, D. B. Burnett, D. S. Becker, R. H. Grimberg, A. G. Heber, V. S. Hohenberg, C. M. Jurewicz, A. J. G. Meshik, A. Pepin, R. O. Raines, J. M. Schlutter, D. J. Wieler, R. Wiens, R. C. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI Elemental abundances of the bulk solar wind: Analyses from genesis and ACE SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sun : etc ID ION COMPOSITION SPECTROMETER; QUASI-STATIONARY; MISSION; REGIME; STATES; MATTER; SWICS AB Analysis of the Genesis samples is underway. Preliminary elemental abundances based on Genesis sample analyses are in good agreement with in situ-measured elemental abundances made by ACE/SWICS during the Genesis collection period. Comparison of these abundances with those of earlier solar cycles indicates that the solar wind composition is relatively stable between cycles for a given type of flow. ACE/SWICS measurements for the Genesis collection period also show a continuum in compositional variation as a function of velocity for the quasi-stationary flow that defies the simple binning of samples into their sources of coronal hole (CH) and interstream (IS). C1 Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Reisenfeld, DB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dan.reisenfeld@umontana.edu RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9215-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200009 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Burnett, DS Hohenberg, CM Meshik, A Heber, V Grimberg, A Wieler, R Reisenfeld, DB AF Wiens, R. C. Burnett, D. S. Hohenberg, C. M. Meshik, A. Heber, V. Grimberg, A. Wieler, R. Reisenfeld, D. B. TI Solar and solar-wind composition results from the genesis mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE composition : solar-wind; composition : solar; noble gases : solar ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ABUNDANCE RATIO; LUNAR REGOLITH; BOARD SOHO; FRACTIONATION; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; NEON AB The Genesis mission returned samples of solar wind to Earth in September 2004 for ground-based analyses of solar-wind composition, particularly for isotope ratios. Substrates, consisting mostly of high-purity semiconductor materials, were exposed to the solar wind at L1 from December 2001 to April 2004. In addition to a bulk sample of the solar wind, separate samples of coronal hole (CH), interstream (IS), and coronal mass ejection material were obtained. Although many substrates were broken upon landing due to the failure to deploy the parachute, a number of results have been obtained, and most of the primary science objectives will likely be met. These objectives include He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios in the bulk solar wind and in different solar-wind regimes, and N-15/N-14 and O-18/O-17/O-16 to high precision. The greatest successes to date have been with the noble gases. Light noble gases from bulk solar wind and separate solar-wind regime samples have now been analyzed. Helium results show clear evidence of isotopic fractionation between CH and IS samples, consistent with simplistic Coulomb drag theory predictions of fractionation between the photosphere and different solar-wind regimes, though fractionation by wave heating is also a possible explanation. Neon results from closed system stepped etching of bulk metallic glass have revealed the nature of isotopic fractionation as a function of depth, which in lunar samples have for years deceptively suggested the presence of an additional, energetic component in solar wind trapped in lunar grains and meteorites. Isotope ratios of the heavy noble gases, nitrogen, and oxygen are in the process of being measured. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. ETH, Isotope Geol NW C, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Wiens, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9227-x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200017 ER PT J AU Heber, VS Wiens, RC Reisenfeld, DB Allton, JH Baur, H Burnett, DS Olinger, CT Wiechert, U Wieler, R AF Heber, V. S. Wiens, R. C. Reisenfeld, D. B. Allton, J. H. Baur, H. Burnett, D. S. Olinger, C. T. Wiechert, U. Wieler, R. TI The genesis solar wind concentrator target: Mass fractionation characterised by neon isotopes SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solar wind; noble gases; genesis oxygen isotopic analysis; UV laser ablation ID MISSION; MATTER; ION AB The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to similar to 30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing Ne-20/Ne-22 towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements. C1 ETH, Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Free Univ Berlin, AG Geochem, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Heber, VS (reprint author), ETH, Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM heber@erdw.ethz.ch RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9179-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200030 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Davis, AM Levine, J Pellin, MJ Savina, MR AF Westphal, A. J. Davis, A. M. Levine, J. Pellin, M. J. Savina, M. R. TI GEMS at the galactic cosmic-ray source SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE interstellar dust; galactic cosmic rays; superbubbles ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; SUPERBUBBLE ORIGIN; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; STARS; SUPERNOVAE AB Galactic cosmic rays probably predominantly originate from shock-accelerated gas and dust in superbubbles. It is usually assumed that the shock-accelerated dust is quickly destroyed by sputtering. However, it may be that some of the dust can survive bombardment by the high-metallicity gas in the superbubble interior, and that some of that dust has been incorporated into solar system materials. Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) contain enigmatic submicron components called GEMS (Glass with Embedded Metal and Sulfides). These GEMS have properties that closely match those expected of a population of surviving shock-accelerated dust at the GCR source (Westphal and Bradley in Astrophys. J. 617:1131, 2004). In order to test the hypothesis that GEMS are synthesized from shock-accelerated dust in superbubbles, we plan to measure the relative abundances of Fe, Zr, and Mo isotopes in GEMS using the new Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. If GEMS are synthesized from shock-accelerated dust in superbubbles, they should exhibit isotopic anomalies in Fe, Zr and Mo: specificially, enhancements in the r-only isotopes Zr-96 and Mo-100, and separately in Fe-58, should be observed. We review also recent developments in observations of GEMS, laboratory synthesis of GEMS-like materials, and implications of observations of GEMS-like materials in Stardust samples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9184-4 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213GA UT WOS:000249653200045 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ Kowalsky, MB AF Moridis, G. J. Kowalsky, M. B. TI Response of oceanic hydrate-bearing sediments to thermal stresses SO SPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Offshore Technology Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Houston, TX ID METHANE; DECOMPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; MARGIN AB In this study, we evaluate the response of oceanic subsurface systems to thermal stresses caused by the flow of warm fluids through noninsulated well systems crossing hydrate-bearing sediments. Heat transport from warm fluids, originating from deeper reservoirs under production, into the geologic media can cause dissociation of the gas hydrates. The objective of this study is to determine whether gas evolution from hydrate dissociation can lead to excessive pressure buildup, and possibly to fracturing of hydrate-bearing formations and their confining layers, with potentially adverse consequences on the stability of the suboceanic subsurface. This study also aims to determine whether the loss of the hydrate-known to have a strong cementing effect on the porous media-in the vicinity of the well, coupled with the significant pressure increases, can undermine the structural stability of the well assembly. Scoping 1D simulations indicated that the formation intrinsic permeability, the pore compressibility, the temperature of the produced fluids and the initial hydrate saturation are the most important factors affecting the system response, while the thermal conductivity and porosity (above a certain level) appear to have a secondary effect. Large-scale simulations of realistic systems were also conducted, involving complex well designs and multilayered geologic media with nonuniform distribution of properties and initial hydrate saturations that are typical of those expected in natural oceanic systems. The results of the 2D study indicate that although the dissociation radius remains rather limited even after long-term production, low intrinsic permeability and/or high hydrate saturation can lead to the evolution of high pressures that can threaten the formation and its boundaries with fracturing. Although lower maximum pressures are observed in the absence of bottom confining layers and in deeper (and thus warmer and more pressurized) systems, the reduction is limited. Wellbore designs with gravel packs that allow gas venting and pressure relief result in substantially lower pressures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Hydrogeol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Hydrogeol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1086-055X J9 SPE J JI SPE J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 253 EP 268 DI 10.2118/111572-PA PG 16 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 183OM UT WOS:000247582100012 ER PT J AU Robertson, EP Christiansen, RL AF Robertson, Eric P. Christiansen, Richard L. TI Modeling laboratory permeability in coal using sorption-induced-strain data SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 09-12, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Soc Petr Engineers AB Sorption-induced strain and permeability were measured as a function of pore pressure using subbituminous coal from the Powder River basin of Wyoming, USA, and high-volatile bituminous coal from the Uinta-Piceance basin of Utah, USA. We found that for these coal samples, cleat compressibility was not constant, but variable. Calculated variable cleat-compressibility constants were found to correlate well with previously published data for other coals. Sorption-induced matrix strain (shrinkage/swelling) was measured on unconstrained samples for different gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N-2). During permeability tests, sorption-induced matrix shrinkage was demonstrated clearly by higher-permeability values at lower pore pressures while holding overburden pressure constant; this effect was more pronounced when gases with higher adsorption isotherms such as CO2 were used. Measured permeability data were modeled using three different permeability models that take into account sorption-induced matrix strain. We found that when the measured strain data were applied, all three models matched the measured permeability results poorly. However, by applying an experimentally derived expression to the strain data that accounts for the constraining stress of overburden pressure, pore pressure, coal type, and gas type, two of the models were greatly improved. C1 US DOE, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Robertson, EP (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM eric.robertson@inl.gov NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 184UY UT WOS:000247669300006 ER PT J AU Tomutsa, L Silin, D Radmilovic, V AF Tomutsa, Liviu Silin, Dmitriy Radmilovic, Velimir TI Analysis of chalk petrophysical properties by means of submicron-scale pore imaging and modeling SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RAY COMPUTER-TOMOGRAPHY; SPACE MORPHOLOGY; POROUS-MEDIA; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; IMBIBITION; IMAGES; ROCKS; WATER; FLOW; OIL AB For many rocks of high economic interest such as chalk, diatomite, shale, tight gas sands, or coal, a submicron-scale resolution is needed to resolve the 3D pore structure, which controls the flow and trapping of fluids in the rocks. Such a resolution cannot be achieved with existing tomographic technologies. A new 3D imaging method based on serial sectioning, which uses the focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology, has been developed. FIB technology allows for the milling of layers as thin as 10 nm by using accelerated gallium (Ga+) ions to sputter atoms from the sample surface. After each milling step, as a new surface is exposed, a 2D image of this surface is generated, and the 2D images are stacked to reconstruct the 3D pore structure. Next, the maximum-inscribed-spheres (MIS) image-processing method computes the petrophysical properties by direct morphological analysis of the pore space. The computed capillary pressure curves agree well with laboratory data. Applied to the FIB data, this method generates the fluid distribution in the chalk pore space at various saturations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Petrol & Energy Res, Bartlesville, OK USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 117234, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomutsa, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ltomutsa@lbl.gov; DSilin@Ibl.gov NR 32 TC 23 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 25 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.2118/99558-PA PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 184UY UT WOS:000247669300008 ER PT J AU Ross, C Mills, E Hecht, SB AF Ross, Christina Mills, Evan Hecht, Sean B. TI Limiting liability in the greenhouse: Insurance risk-management strategies in the context of global climate change SO STANFORD JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Review C1 LaCroix Davis LLC, Tech Serv, Davis, CA USA. Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ross, C (reprint author), LaCroix Davis LLC, Tech Serv, Davis, CA USA. NR 128 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU STANFORD LAW SCHOOL PI STANFORD PA STANFORD JOURNAL INT LAW, 559 NATHAN ABBOTT WAY, STANFORD, CA 94305-8610 USA SN 0731-5082 J9 STANFORD J INT LAW JI Stanford J. Int. Law PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43A IS 1 SU S BP 251 EP 334 PG 84 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 211OH UT WOS:000249532600007 ER PT J AU Flynn, GE Black, KD Islas, LD Sankaran, B Zagotta, WN AF Flynn, Galen E. Black, Kevin D. Islas, Leon D. Sankaran, Banumathi Zagotta, William N. TI Structure and rearrangements in the carboxy-terminal region of SpIH channels SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS; CAMP-BINDING DOMAINS; PROTEIN-KINASE-A; HCN CHANNELS; CYCLIC-AMP; ION CHANNELS; MODULATION; PACEMAKER; MODEL; ACTIVATION AB Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channels regulate the spontaneous firing activity and electrical excitability of many cardiac and neuronal cells. The modulation of HCN channel opening by the direct binding of cAMP underlies many physiological processes such as the autonomic regulation of the heart rate. Here we use a combination of X-ray crystallography and electrophysiology to study the allosteric mechanism for cAMP modulation of HCN channels. SpIH is an invertebrate HCN channel that is activated fully by cAMP, but only partially by cGMP. We exploited the partial agonist action of cGMP on SpIH to reveal the molecular mechanism for cGMP specificity of many cyclic nucleotide-regulated enzymes. Our results also elaborate a mechanism for the allosteric conformational change in the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain and a mechanism for partial agonist action. These mechanisms will likely extend to other cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels and enzymes as well. C1 Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zagotta, WN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM zagotta@u.washington.edu OI Islas, Leon/0000-0002-7461-5214 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 10329, R01 EY010329, R01 EY010329-14] NR 40 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.str.2007.04.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 179ZM UT WOS:000247329400004 PM 17562314 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS Cortez, MM Gianotto, AK Gresham, GL Olson, JE Fox, RV White, BM Bauer, WF Avci, R Deliorman, M Williams, E AF Groenewold, Gary S. Cortez, Marnie M. Gianotto, Anita K. Gresham, Garold L. Olson, John E. Fox, Robert V. White, Byron M. Bauer, William F. Avci, Recep Deliorman, Muhammedin Williams, Eric TI Surface analysis of particulates from laboratory hood exhaust manifold SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE indoor air contaminant; ventilation system; particle surface analysis; SIMS; contaminant depletion ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS VOCS; S-SIMS; PARTICLES; SOIL; MICROSCOPE; SORPTION; HEALTH; MATTER; MATRIX AB Particulate samples collected from a laboratory ventilation manifold during routine maintenance were analyzed to determine if particulate composition had changed as a result of changes in the laboratory's atmosphere. This ventilation manifold exhausts more than 100 fume hoods. The particulate samples were analyzed using static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The negative SIMS spectra showed abundant Cl-, NO3-, and HSO4-, consistent with the use of mineral acids in the laboratory. Cluster anions containing primarily Zn (but also other transition metals) were detected, which signaled corrosion of the manifold's galvanized steel by the volatilized acids. The most abundant ions in the cation SIMS spectra were derived from cyclohexylamine (CHA), which had been used as an antiscaling agent in the facility's boiler. Steam from the boiler, which contained CHA, was used to humidify the building air, this practice stopped in 1997. The abundances of the CHA-derived ions were significantly lower in the samples collected in 2004 and 2006 than in the 1992 samples, indicating that the CHA is being slowly depleted. Changes in the relative abundances suggest exponential depletion from the manifold with rate constants that are on the order of 0.01 to 0.04 month(-1). Published in 2007 by John Wiley &. Sons, Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Imaging & Chem Anal Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gary.groenewold@inl.gov RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1002/sia.2554 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 168ZF UT WOS:000246561800013 ER PT J AU Cattani, M Salvadori, MC Teixeira, FS Wiederkehr, RS Brown, IG AF Cattani, M. Salvadori, M. C. Teixeira, F. S. Wiederkehr, R. S. Brown, I. G. TI Electrical resistivity of very thin metallic films with isotropic and anisotropic surfaces SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anisotropic resistivity of thin films; matallic thin films ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GRAIN SIZES; PLATINUM; CONDUCTIVITY; ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; LINES AB A quantum mechanical approach is developed to calculate the surface- induced electrical conductivities of very thin metallic films with isotropic and anisotropic surfaces. Two particular cases are analyzed with this formalism: (1) films with isotropic surfaces and (2) films with anisotropic surfaces which have different morphological properties along two orthogonal directions. It is shown that, depending on the differences between these morphological properties, the surface-induced resistivities can be different along these directions. In order to investigate the validity of these predictions we have fabricated Pt films, with thickness in the 0.90 <= d <= 11.10 nm range, with very different morphological properties along two orthogonal directions. Measuring the electrical resistivities of these films, we have found different resistivities along these directions. We show that this anisotropic resistivity can be well explained by our theoretical approach. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cattani, M (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Teixeira, Fernanda/A-9395-2013; Wiederkehr, Rodrigo Sergio/L-3739-2013; Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013; Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1142/S0218625X07009645 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236EO UT WOS:000251286000001 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Wang, X Liu, P Wen, W Hanson, JC Hrbek, J Perez, M Evans, J AF Rodriguez, J. A. Wang, X. Liu, P. Wen, W. Hanson, J. C. Hrbek, J. Perez, M. Evans, J. TI Gold nanoparticles on ceria: importance of O vacancies in the activation of gold SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE gold; gold oxide; ceria; sulfur dioxide; DeSO(x); water-gas shift; hydrogen production; CO oxidation ID WATER-GAS-SHIFT; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AU; SO2; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; TITANIA AB Synchrotron-based techniques (high-resolution photoemission, in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and time-resolved X-ray diffraction) have been used to study the destruction of SO2 and the water-gas shift (WGS, CO + H2O -> H-2 + CO2) reaction on a series of gold/ceria systems. The adsorption and chemistry of SO2 was investigated on Au/CeO2(111) and AuOx/CeO2 surfaces. The heat of adsorption of the molecule on An nanoparticles supported on stoichiometric CeO2(111) was 4-7 kcal/mol larger than on Au(111). However, there was negligible dissociation of SO2 on the Au/CeO2(111) surfaces. The full decomposition of SO2 was observed only after introducing O vacancies in the ceria support. AuOx/CeO2 surfaces were found to be much less chemically active than Au/CeO2(111) or Au/CeO2-x(111) surfaces. In a separate set of experiments, in-situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to monitor the behavior of nanostructured {An + AuOx}-CeO2 catalysts under the WGS reaction. At temperatures above 250 degrees C, a complete AuOx -> An transformation was observed with high catalytic activity. Photoemissionresults for the oxidation and reduction of An nanoparticles supported on rough ceria films or a CeO2(111) single crystal corroborate that cationic Au delta+ species cannot be the key sites responsible for the WGS activity at high temperatures. The active sites in {An + AuOx)/ceria catalysts should involve pure gold nanoparticles in contact with O vacancies of the oxide. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s11244-007-0280-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 179SI UT WOS:000247310000009 ER PT J AU Cellmer, T Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM Blanch, HW AF Cellmer, Troy Bratko, Dusan Prausnitz, John M. Blanch, Harvey W. TI Protein aggregation in silico SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SPONTANEOUS FIBRIL FORMATION; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; CONFORMATIONAL CONVERSION; POLYALANINE PEPTIDES; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; MONOMER STRUCTURE; SHEET STRUCTURE; LATTICE-MODEL AB Protein aggregation is a challenge to the successful manufacture of protein therapeutics; it can impose severe limitations on purification yields and compromise formulation stability. Advances in computer power, and the wealth of computational studies pertaining to protein folding, have facilitated the development of molecular simulation as a tool to investigate protein misfolding and aggregation. Here, we highlight the successes of protein aggregation studies carried out in silico, with a particular emphasis on studies related to biotechnology. To conclude, we discuss future prospects for the field, and identify several biotechnology-related problems that would benefit from molecular simulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blanch@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM070919, R01 GM070919-02] NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.03.011 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 178WY UT WOS:000247252200005 PM 17433843 ER PT J AU Van Aert, S Geuens, P Van Dyck, D Kisielowski, C Jinschek, JR AF Van Aert, S. Geuens, P. Van Dyck, D. Kisielowski, C. Jinschek, J. R. TI Electron channelling based crystallography SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Electron Crystallography School (ELCRYST 2005) CY SEP 02-08, 2005 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Free Univ Brussels DE theories of diffraction and scattering; transmission; reflection and scanning electron microscopy; electron diffraction and elastic scattering theory; image simulation ID DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; CONTRAST AB Electron channelling occurs when the incident electron beam is parallel to the atom columns of an object, such as a crystal or a particular crystal defect. Then, the electrons are trapped in the electrostatic potential of an atom column in which they scatter dynamically. This picture provides physical insight and explains why a one-to-one correspondence is maintained between the exit wave and the projected structure, even in case of strong dynamical scattering. Moreover, the theory is very useful to invert the dynamical scattering, that is, to derive the projected structure from the exit wave. Finally, it can be used to determine the composition of an atom column with single atom sensitivity or to explain dynamical electron diffraction effects. In this paper, an overview of the channelling theory will be given together with some recent applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Van Aert, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM sandra.vanaert@ua.ac.be RI Van Aert, Sandra/G-9144-2011; Van Aert, Sandra/B-7913-2017 OI Van Aert, Sandra/0000-0001-9603-8764 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6-7 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.04.031 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 152DP UT WOS:000245341300015 PM 17197092 ER PT J AU Landman, GB Kolka, RK Sharitz, RR AF Landman, George B. Kolka, Randall K. Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Soil seed bank analysis of planted and naturally revegetating thermally-disturbed riparian wetland forests SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE riparian restoration; successional gradient; thermal disturbance ID BURIED VIABLE SEEDS; CAROLINA BAYS; LIFE-HISTORY; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; FLOODPLAIN; SWAMP; FIELD; HETEROGENEITY AB Accelerating the reestablishment of a mature, biotic community following a disturbance is a common goal of restoration ecology. In this study, we describe the relative successional status of a recently disturbed riparian seed bank when compared with less recently disturbed and undisturbed systems, and the short-term effects of restoration on seed bank development within the recently disturbed system. The study location, the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the development of wetland seed banks following a severe disturbance, in this case the release of elevated temperature and flow effluent from nuclear reactor operations. To assess the recovery of wetland seed banks over time, we compared seed banks of naturally recovering riparian corridor and swamp delta sites of two different ages since disturbance (nine years and 30 years) with undisturbed forested corridor and swamp sites. To assess the potential effects of restoration efforts (site preparation and planting of seedlings) on seed bank development, we compared seed banks of naturally recovering (unplanted) and planted riparian corridor and swamp delta sites in the more recently disturbed system. We expected total germinants and species richness to be highest in the recently disturbed sites and decline as wetland systems matured. Within recently disturbed sites, we expected planted sites to have higher abundance and richness than unplanted sites. We also expected a greater abundance of woody species in the undisturbed forested sites. The number of germinants differed among the sites, ranging from 748 individuals per m 2 in the undisturbed swamp area to 10,322 individuals per m 2 in the recently disturbed planted swamp delta. When corridor and delta sites within a stream system were combined, the mean number of germinants was greater in the recently disturbed system, intermediate in the 30-year (mid-successional) system, and lowest in the undisturbed system. Seed banks from the recently disturbed and mid-successional sites were more similar in composition than they were to the undisturbed systems. Across all stream systems, riparian corridors had greater mean species richness than swamp deltas, though differences in seed bank abundances were not significant. Sedges and rushes were the predominant life forms in the recently disturbed and mid-successional sites, while undisturbed sites had a greater proportion of herbs and woody seedlings. In addition, there were more germinants from planted sites than from unplanted sites. The dominance by early successional species at recently disturbed planted sites may be an unintended consequence of site preparation treatments, and such potential effects should be recognized and weighed during the development of restoration plans. C1 ESS Grp Inc, E Providence, RI 02915 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Landman, GB (reprint author), ESS Grp Inc, E Providence, RI 02915 USA. EM rkolka@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[211:SSBAOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181FS UT WOS:000247423000001 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. TI Glass transition and viscosity in metallic glasses and liquids SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Metastable and Nano-Materials (ISMANAM-2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE DE glass transition; viscosity; glass fonnation; atomistic theory ID FREE-VOLUME MODEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DEFORMATION; MECHANISM AB Experimental results on the structure and dynamics of metallic liquids and glasses are most frequently discussed in terms of phenomenological theories, such as the free-volume theory and the mode-coupling theory. However, the atomistic bases for these theories have been lacking. We propose a more fundamental, microscopic approach that may fill this gap. It is based upon the concept of fluctuating topology of atomic bonds described in terms of the atomic-level stresses. While this approach is still under development, it already has enabled quantitative description of some of the properties of metallic glasses, including glass transition, viscosity and glass formation. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 434 SI SI BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.252 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 165EN UT WOS:000246286900028 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, S Eckert, J Schultz, L Sordelet, DJ AF Venkataraman, S. Eckert, J. Schultz, L. Sordelet, D. J. TI Studies on the crystallization kinetics of Cu-reinforced partially crystalline Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 metallic glass composite SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Metastable and Nano-Materials (ISMANAM-2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE DE metallic glasses; powder metallurgy; phase transition; kinetics; thermal analysis ID AVRAMI EXPONENT; LOCAL VALUE; BULK; POWDERS; CU47TI34ZR11NI8; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB The crystallization kinetics of partially crystalline Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 gas atomized powder (GAP) and composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The activation energy for crystallization as determined by the Kissinger equation is nearly equal for the particle-free powder (3.43 +/- 0.40 eV) and the composite (3.11 +/- 0.22 eV). The activation energy of crystallization derived from isothermal annealing experiments is nearly similar for the GAP (4.53 +/- 0.40 eV) and the composite (4.25 +/- 0.40 eV). The values of the Avrami exponent suggest that the crystallization is diffusion controlled. The local Avrami exponent suggests that surface nucleation is active in GAP but bulk crystallization dominates in milled composite powder. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, FB Mat & Geowissensch 2, FG Phys Metallkunde, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Venkataraman, S (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM s.venkataraman@ifw-dresden.de RI Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 434 SI SI BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.140 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 165EN UT WOS:000246286900053 ER PT J AU Pouchon, MA Kropf, AJ Froideval, A Degueldre, C Hoffelner, W AF Pouchon, M. A. Kropf, A. J. Froideval, A. Degueldre, C. Hoffelner, W. TI An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of an oxide dispersion strengthened steel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nuclear Materials and Materials for Fusion held at the E-MRS 2006 Spring Meeting CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID IRRADIATION AB Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are being investigated as possible structural material for components of future nuclear power plants. The dispersoids in the matrix (yttria particles) serve as pinning points for moving dislocations, and thereby improve the creep behavior of the material. Depending on the product, the dimension of the particles is in the range from a few nm up to 100 nm. The material properties depend on the size distribution. It is also expected that other parameters of the dispersoids may influence the materials behavior. An extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study has been conducted on PM2000 (ferritic ODS steel) samples, in order to determine the structure of the yttria inclusions. A PM2000 sample, which had been irradiated with He ions of 1.5 MeV up to a matrix-damage of similar to 1 displacement per atom (dpa) in a surface layer of 2.7 mu m in depth was measured. A multi angle implantation was performed, in order to avoid damage peaks as function of depth. A direct comparison of the EXAFS spectra and of the Fourier transformations shows no major difference between the irradiated samples and the non-irradiated one. Therefore any potential radiation induced damage or phase transformation of the dispersoids must be minor, which indicates good radiation stability under the given circumstances. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pouchon, MA (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM manuel.pouchon@psi.ch RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Pouchon, Manuel Alexandre/J-7213-2015 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.01.123 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173TM UT WOS:000246895400018 ER PT J AU Peters, MT Ewing, RC AF Peters, M. T. Ewing, R. C. TI A science-based approach to understanding waste form durability in open and closed nuclear fuel cycles SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nuclear Materials and Materials for Fusion held at the E-MRS 2006 Spring Meeting CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc AB There are two compelling reasons for understanding source term and near-field processes in a radioactive waste geologic repository. First, almost all of the radioactivity is initially in the waste form, mainly in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or nuclear waste glass. Second, over long periods, after the engineered barriers are degraded, the waste form is a primary control on the release of radioactivity. Thus, it is essential to know the physical and chemical state of the waste form after hundreds of thousands of years. The United States Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Repository Program has initiated a long-term program to develop a basic understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of radionuclide release and a quantification of the release as repository conditions evolve over time. Specifically, the research program addresses four critical areas: (a) SNF dissolution mechanisms and rates; (b) formation and properties of U6+-secondary phases; (c) waste form-waste package interactions in the near-field; and (d) integration of in-package chemical and physical processes. The ultimate goal is to integrate the scientific results into a larger scale model of source term and near-field processes. This integrated model will be used to provide a basis for understanding the behaviour of the source term over long time periods (greater than 105 years). Such a fundamental and integrated experimental and modelling approach to source term processes can also be readily applied to development of advanced waste forms as part of a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Specifically, a fundamental understanding of candidate waste form materials stability in high temperature/high radiation environments and near-field geochemical/hydrologic processes could enable development of advanced waste forms 'tailored' to specific geologic settings. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Peters, MT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mtpeters@anl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 2-3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.085 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173TM UT WOS:000246895400036 ER PT J AU Batuk, ON Kalmykov, SN Petrov, VG Zakharova, EV Teterin, YA Teterin, AY Shapovalov, VI Haire, MJ AF Batuk, O. N. Kalmykov, St. N. Petrov, V. G. Zakharova, E. V. Teterin, Yu. A. Teterin, A. Yu. Shapovalov, V. I. Haire, M. J. TI Neptunium interaction with uranium dioxide in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nuclear Materials and Materials for Fusion held at the E-MRS 2006 Spring Meeting CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID OXIDATION-STATE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; NUCLEAR-FUEL; SPENT FUEL; PLUTONIUM; SORPTION; UO2; GROUNDWATER; CORROSION; TIO2 AB Neptunium, Np(V) and Np(IV), sorption onto uranium dioxide surface was studied at various values of pH. Sorption was studied in two sets of experiments with different redox conditions that correspond to either Np(V) (Set 1) or Np(IV) (Set 2) in solution. In Set I the reduction of Np(V) was established when low pH solution covered a UO2 surface. When the pH increased, the sorption of neptunium is decreased. At pH > 5.5 neptunium sequestration from solution is governed by Np(V) sorption onto UO2.25. In Set 2 (the more anoxic conditions) complete neptunium sorption is established at pH > 2: it is present in the tetravalent form over the whole pH range. The proposed mechanisms of neptunium sorption was suggested by using pH sorption edges of Th(IV) as an analog to Np(IV) onto UO2 and Np(V) onto ThO2. The UO2 surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after equilibration with aqueous solutions at different pH values. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Moscow 117901, Russia. Kurchatov Inst, Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batuk, ON (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia. EM batuk@radio.chem.msu.ru RI Petrov, Vladimir/I-6839-2013; Teterin, Yury/B-1853-2016 OI Petrov, Vladimir/0000-0001-6071-8127; NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 2-3 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.087 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173TM UT WOS:000246895400040 ER PT J AU Lian, J Zhang, FX Peters, MT Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Lian, J. Zhang, F. X. Peters, M. T. Wang, L. M. Ewing, R. C. TI Ion beam irradiation of lanthanum and thorium-doped yttrium titanates SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nuclear Materials and Materials for Fusion held at the E-MRS 2006 Spring Meeting CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID NUCLEAR-WASTE-DISPOSAL; PYROCHLORE; PLUTONIUM; IMMOBILIZATION; FORM; ACTINIDES; STABILITY AB Y2Ti2O7 pyrochlores doped with La have been sintered at 1373 K for 12 h with the designed compositions of the (LaxY1-x)(2)Ti2O7 system (x = 0, 0.08, 0.5, and 1), and the phase compositions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Limited amounts of La were incorporated into yttrium titanate pyrochlore structure for La-doped samples; while, the end member composition of La2Ti2O7 formed a layered perovskite structure. Ion beam-induced amorphization occurred for all compositions in the (LaxY1-x)(2)Ti2O7 binary under 1 MeV Kr2+ irradiation at room temperature, and the critical amorphization dose decreased with increasing amounts of La3+. The critical amorphization temperatures for Y2Ti2O7, (La0.162Y0.838)(2)Ti2O7 and La2Ti2O7 were determined to be similar to 780, 890 and 920 K, respectively. Th4+ and Fe3+-doped yttrium titanate pyrochlores were synthesized at 1373 K by sintering Y2Ti2O7 with (ThO2 + Fe2O3). Pyrochlore structures and the chemical compositions were primarily identified by the X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. The lattice parameter and the critical amorphization dose (1 MeV Kr2+ at room temperature) increase for yttrium titanate pyrochlores with the addition of Th. The increasing 'resistance' to amorphization with less La and greater Th and Fe contents for (Y1-xLax)(2)Ti2O7 and Y2Ti2O7-Fe2O3-ThO2 systems, respectively, are consistent with the changes in the average ionic radius ratio at the A-sites and B-sites. These results suggest that the addition of lanthanides and actinides (e.g., Th, U, or Pu) will affect the structural stability, as well as the radiation response behavior of the pyrochlore structure-type. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Zhang, Fuxiang/P-7365-2015 OI Zhang, Fuxiang/0000-0003-1298-9795 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 2-3 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.097 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173TM UT WOS:000246895400042 ER PT J AU Das, R Bowman, MK Levanon, H Norris, JR AF Das, Ranjan Bowman, Michael K. Levanon, Haim Norris, James R., Jr. TI Simplification of complex EPR spectra by cepstral analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE-RESONANCE; ANION-RADICALS; ENDOR; PORPHYCENE; ESR AB As the Fourier transform of time-series data is known as the spectrum, the Fourier transform of the logarithm of the time-series data is called the cepstrum of the data. When cepstral analysis is applied to free induction decay signals of free radicals showing first-order EPR spectra, the identification of nuclear hyperfine coupling constants becomes simple. In a systematic manner, we have examined how the technique of cepstral analysis is affected by the presence of aliasing, noise, uncertainty in the time origin of the free induction decay, the presence of second-order hyperfine couplings, and the applications of various apodization methods. This technique was then applied to analyze the EPR spectrum of anthraquinone anion radical, and anion radicals of porphycene and tetrapropyl-porphycene, and the hyperfine coupling constants thus obtained were compared with published data. A good agreement was always found. We make a case for the usefulness of cepstral analysis in determining the hyperfine coupling constants of complex EPR spectra of organic free radicals. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99353 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Norris, JR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM j-norris@uchicago.edu RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 21 BP 4650 EP 4657 DI 10.1021/jp066327p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 170VR UT WOS:000246694800011 PM 17487988 ER PT J AU Julian, SR Norman, MR AF Julian, Stephen R. Norman, Michael R. TI High-temperature superconductivity - Local pairs and small surfaces SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FERMI-SURFACE C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Julian, SR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM sjulian@physics.utoronto.ca; norman@anl.gov RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7144 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1038/447537a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 172YZ UT WOS:000246842000029 PM 17538605 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Dossanov, A Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Rubinsky, I Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Irrgang, P. Jakob, H.-P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Dossanov, A. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Rubinsky, I. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Hall-Wilton, R. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of D-*+/- meson production in e(+/-)p scattering at low Q(2) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ELECTRON-PROTON COLLISIONS; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; DIJET CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HERA; PHOTOPRODUCTION; D-ASTERISK(+/-); CHARM AB The production of D-*+/-: (2010) mesons in e(+/-) p scattering in the range of exchanged photon virtuality 0.05 < Q(2) < 0.7 GeV2 has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb(-1). The decay channels D*+ -> D-0 pi(+) with D-0 -> K-pi(+) and corresponding antiparticle decay were used to identify D* mesons and the ZEUS beampipe calorimeter was used to identify the scattered electron. Differential D* cross sections as functions of Q(2), inelasticity, y, transverse momentum of the D* meson, p(T)(D*), and pseudorapidity of the D* meson, eta(D*), have been measured in the kinematic region 0.02 < y < 0.85, 1.5 < p(T)(D*) < 9.0 GeV and \eta(D*)\< 1.5. The measured differential cross sections are in agreement with two different NLO QCD calculations. The cross sections are also compared to previous ZEUS measurements in the photoproduction and DIS regimes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Maiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Rome, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177RR UT WOS:000247170700002 ER PT J AU Szczerbinska, B Sato, T Kubodera, K Lee, TSH AF Szczerbinska, Barbara Sato, T. Kubodera, K. Lee, T.-S. H. TI Neutrino-nucleus reactions in the delta resonance region SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; PION-PRODUCTION; QUARK-MODEL; SCATTERING; EXCITATION; DELTA(1232); TARGETS AB Reliable estimates of neutrino-nucleus reactions in the resonance-excitation region play an important role in many of the on-going and planned neutrino oscillation experiments. We study here neutrino-nucleus reactions in the delta-particle excitation region with the use of neutrino pion-production amplitudes calculated in a formalism in which the resonance contributions and the background amplitudes are treated on the same footing. Our approach leads to the neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections that are significantly different from those obtained in the conventional approach wherein only the pure resonance amplitudes are taken into account. To assess the reliability of our formalism, we calculate the electron-nucleus scattering cross sections in the same theoretical framework; the calculated cross sections agree reasonably well with the existing data. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM tsato@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 2-3 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.046 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177RR UT WOS:000247170700005 ER PT J AU Adil, A Vitev, I AF Adil, Azfar Vitev, Ivan TI Collisional dissociation of heavy mesons in dense QCD matter SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK FRAGMENTATION; PLUS AU; TOMOGRAPHY; MOMENTUM; WAVE AB In the framework of the reaction operator approach we calculate and resum the multiple elastic scattering of a fast q (q) over bar system traversing dense nuclear matter. We derive the collisional broadening of the meson's transverse momentum and the distortion of its intrinsic light cone wave function. The medium-induced dissociation probability of heavy mesons is shown to be sensitive to the opacity of the quark-gluon plasma and the time dependence of its formation and evolution. We solve the system of coupled rate equations that describe the competition between the fragmentation of c- and b-quarks and the QGP-induced dissociation of the D- and B-mesons to evaluate the quenching of heavy hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In contrast to previous results on heavy quark modification, this approach predicts suppression of B-mesons comparable to that of D-mesons at transverse momenta as low as p(T) similar to 10 GeV. It allows for an improved description of the large attenuation of non-photonic electrons in central Au + Au reactions at RHIC. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM azfar@phys.columbia.edu; ivitev@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.050 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177RR UT WOS:000247170700006 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, Michael TI Chiral anomalies and rooted staggered fermions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORIES; MONTE-CARLO; SYSTEMS; MASSES AB A popular approximation in lattice gauge theory is an extrapolation in the number of fermion species away from the four fold degeneracy natural with the staggered fermion formulation. I show that the procedure mutilates the expected continuum holomorphic behavior in the quark masses. This is due to a chiral symmetry group that is of a higher rank than desired. The conventional resolution proposes canceling the unphysical singularities with a plethora of extra states appearing at finite lattice spacing. This unproven conjecture requires an explicit loss of unitarity and locality. Even if correct, the approach implies large cutoff effects in the low-energy flavor-neutral sector. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 2-3 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.065 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177RR UT WOS:000247170700021 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, Michael TI Reply to: "Comment on: 'Chiral anomalies and rooted staggered fermions' [Phys. Lett. B 649 (2007) 230]" [Phys. Lett. B 649 (2007) 235] SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Editorial Material AB I respond to the Bernard et al. comment on my Letter "Chiral anomalies and rooted staggered fermions". (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 2-3 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.017 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 177RR UT WOS:000247170700023 ER PT J AU Deshpande, R Lee, SH Mahan, AH Parilla, PA Jones, KM Norman, AG To, B Blackburn, JL Mitra, S Dillon, AC AF Deshpande, R. Lee, S.-H. Mahan, A. H. Parilla, P. A. Jones, K. M. Norman, A. G. To, B. Blackburn, J. L. Mitra, S. Dillon, A. C. TI Optimization of crystalline tungsten oxide nanoparticles for improved electrochromic applications SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE crystalline nanoparticles; electrochromic; mechanism ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; A-WO3-Y THIN-FILMS; COLORATION EFFICIENCY; HIGH-DENSITY; NANOTUBES AB The high-density synthesis of crystalline tungsten oxide nanoparticles employing hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) and enhancement in electrochromic (EC) performance by incorporating these nanoparticles into porous films has been previously reported. Here varying the oxygen concentration during the HWCVD synthesis of these crystalline tungsten oxide (WOx) nanoparticles is examined in order to better understand the mechanism for the improvement in the EC films. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction are used to determine the particle sizes and crystalline phases of the as-synthesized nanostructures. Nanoparticle films are made employing an electrophoresis deposition technique. Cyclic voltammetry of the nanostructured films show higher charge insertion capacities for the nanoparticles synthesized at comparatively lower oxygen concentrations. Consistent with the electrochemical measurements, optical measurements also indicate a higher coloration efficiency (CE) value of similar to 42 cm(2)/C for a nanostructured film made using nanoparticles synthesized at lower oxygen concentration (5%) as compared to the CE value of similar to 24 cm(2)/C for a nanostructured film made using nanoparticles synthesized at higher oxygen concentrations (16%). The CE value of the former is comparable to state-of-the-art amorphous films with the crystalline nanostructures exhibiting significantly improved durability over amorphous films. Notably, the nanoparticle films have been shown to be stable for 3000 cycles in an acidic electrolyte where the amorphous films degrade after only 500 cycles. The optimized EC functional improvements are attributed to a sub-stoichiometric (oxygen deficient) state of WO3. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Chem Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anne_dillon@nrel.gov RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 13-14 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.03.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 190RJ UT WOS:000248076300003 ER PT J AU Wu, X Zhou, J Duda, A Yan, Y Teeter, G Asher, S Metzger, WK Demtsu, S Wei, SH Noufi, R AF Wu, X. Zhou, J. Duda, A. Yan, Y. Teeter, G. Asher, S. Metzger, W. K. Demtsu, S. Wei, Su-Huai Noufi, R. TI Phase control of CuxTe film and its effects on CdS/CdTe solar cell SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE cadmium telluride; copper telluride; back-contact ID CU AB Phase control is critical for achieving high-performance CdTe cells when Cu,Te is used as a back-contact for CdTe cells. CqTe phases are mainly controlled by the Cu/Te ratio, and they can also be affected by post-heat-trcatment temperature. Although Cu2Te has the highest conductivity, it is unstable and provides more Cu diffusion into the CdS and CdTe films. Cu diffusion into the Us causes '' cross-over '', and Cu diffusion into the CdTe film creates Cu-related defects that lower photogenerated carrier lifetime and result in voltage-dependent collection. A '' recontact '' experiment clearly indicated that the mechanism giving rise to '' roll-over '' is the formation of Cu-related oxides, rather than the loss of Cu on the back-contact. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xuanzhi_wu@nrel.gov NR 12 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 5798 EP 5803 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.151 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600012 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Payzant, EA Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD AF Kim, W. K. Payzant, E. A. Anderson, T. J. Crisalle, O. D. TI In situ investigation of the selenization kinetics of Cu-Ga precursors using time-resolved high-temperature X-ray diffraction SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE X-ray diffraction; CuGaSe2; selenization; Avrami model ID STACKED ELEMENTAL LAYERS; SOLAR-CELLS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CUINSE2 FORMATION; FILMS; CUGASE2; SUBSYSTEM AB In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the reaction mechanism and kinetics of CuGaSe2 formation from Cu-Ga precursors during selenization. The precursor films were deposited in a migration enhanced molecular beam epitaxial reactor on Mo-coated thin glass substrates. During the selenization CuSe forms in the temperature range of approximately 260 to 370 degrees C, and the onset of formation of CuGaSe2 occurred at approximately 300 degrees C. The kinetic analysis using a modified Avrami model suggests the formation of CuGaSe2 from selenization of Cu-Ga films follows a one-dimensional diffusion-controlled reaction with an apparent activation energy of 109 (+/- 7) kJ/mol. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tim@ufl.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 5837 EP 5842 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.173 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600020 ER PT J AU Fthenakis, VM Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, Vasilis M. Kim, Hyung Chul TI CdTe photovoltaics: Life cycle environmental profile and comparisons SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE CdTePV; life cycle assessment; life cycle analysis; environmental ID ENERGY PAYBACK; CADMIUM; EMISSIONS; SEPARATION AB We discuss the emissions of cadmium throughout all the life stages of CdTe PV modules, from extracting, refining, and purifying the raw materials to producing, using, and disposing or recycling of the modules. Then, we compare these emissions with those in the life cycle of three different types of crystalline Si PV modules. The energy requirement and energy pay back times (EPBT) of CdTe PV modules are considerably shorter than that of crystalline Si modules, although the latter exhibit higher efficiencies. This difference is primarily due to the energy used to process silicon, a fraction of which is derived from fossil fuels, inevitably producing Cd and many other heavy-metal emissions. The lower energy requirement of CdTe PV results in lower emissions of all pollutants, including cadmium. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Life Cycle Anal, New York, NY USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. EM vmf@bnl.gov OI Kim, Hyung Chul/0000-0002-0992-4547 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 5961 EP 5963 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.138 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600048 ER PT J AU Gessert, TA Asher, S Johnston, S Young, M Dippo, P Corwine, C AF Gessert, T. A. Asher, S. Johnston, S. Young, M. Dippo, P. Corwine, C. TI Analysis of CdS/CdTe devices incorporating a ZnTe : Cu/Ti contact SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS AB High-performance CdS/CdTe photovoltaic devices can be produced using a ZnTe:Cu/Ti back contact deposited onto the CdTe layer. We observe that prolonged exposure of the ZnTe:Cu and Ti sputtering targets to an oxygen-containing plasma significantly reduces device opencircuit voltage and fill factor. High-resolution compositional analysis of these devices reveals that Cu concentration in the CdTe and CdS layers is lower for devices with poor performance. Capacitance-voltage analysis and related numerical simulations indicate that the net acceptor concentration in the CdTe is also lower for devices with poor performance. Photoluminescence analyses of the junction region reveal that the intensity of a luminescent peak associated with a defect complex involving interstitial Cu (Cu-i) and oxygen on Te (O-Tc) is reduced in devices with poor performance. Combined with thermodynamic considerations, these results suggest that oxygen incorporation into the ZnTe:Cu sputtering target reduces the ability of sputtered ZnTe:Cu film to diffuse Cu into the CdTe. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tim_gessert@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 6103 EP 6106 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.107 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600077 ER PT J AU Weinhardt, L Blum, M Bar, M Heske, C Fuchs, O Umbach, E Denlinger, JD Ramanathan, K Noufi, R AF Weinhardt, L. Blum, M. Bar, M. Heske, C. Fuchs, O. Umbach, E. Denlinger, J. D. Ramanathan, K. Noufi, R. TI Chemical properties of the Cu(In,Ga)Se-2/MO/glass interfaces in thin film solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS DE CuISe2; solar cells; back contact; Mo ID EFFICIENCY; HETEROJUNCTION; IMPURITIES; NA AB The Cu(In,Ga)Se-2/Mo and the Mo/glass interfaces in high efficiency thin film solar cells have been investigated by surface-sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy and bulk-sensitive X-ray emission spectroscopy. The interfaces were accessed by a suitable lift-off technique. Our experiments show a strong Se diffusion from the absorber into the Mo film, suggesting the formation of a MoSe2 layer in the surface-near region of the back contact. In addition, we find a Ga diffusion into the Mo back contact, while no diffusion of In and Cu occurs. Furthermore, we derive a detailed picture of the Na distribution near the back and front side of the Cu(In,Ga)Se, absorber. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Weinhardt, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM weinhard@unlv.nevada.edu RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 6119 EP 6122 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.109 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600080 ER PT J AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, Alex TI New insights on chalcopyrites from solid-state theory SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Held at the EMRS 2006 Spring Conference CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EMRS ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; N-TYPE; CUINSE2; DEPLETION; HYDROGEN; CUGASE2 AB I describe here new insights, gleaned from recent quantum-mechanical electronic structure calculations on dopability, metastability and carrier reflection at grain boundaries for CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 chalcopyrites. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 15 BP 6160 EP 6162 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.042 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 172VC UT WOS:000246831600089 ER PT J AU Klopf, JM Norris, P AF Klopf, J. Michael Norris, Pamela TI Probing nonequilibrium dynamics with white-light femtosecond pulses SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Charlotteville, VA SP Univ Virginia, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res Global, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac DE white-light; femtosecond; ultrashort lasers; pump-probe; nonequilibrium ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; MEDIA; FILMS AB Femtosecond pulsed lasers have become an invaluable tool for examining ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics. With pulsewidths of a few hundred femtoseconds (fs) to less than 10 fs, these lasers can clearly provide unprecedented temporal resolution. By amplifying ultrashort laser pulses to sufficient levels of energy per pulse, it is possible to exploit the nonlinear optical properties of certain materials to generate extremely broadband pulses. These pulses retain the time structure of the incident pulse, but contain a spectral bandwidth extending from the infrared to as far as the ultraviolet. By generating white-light pulses, it becomes possible to probe ultrafast nonlinear processes over a large range of energies. In this paper, the process of generating white-light ultrashort pulses will be presented, along with a discussion of different probing techniques and procedures necessary for modeling the transient optical data. Finally, results from pump-probe measurements using a white-light probe on indium phosphide (InP) films will be presented as a demonstration of this technique. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Free Electron Laser Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Norris, P (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM klopf@jlab.org; pamela@virginia.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 15 SI SI BP 6305 EP 6309 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.096 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 178KX UT WOS:000247220700007 ER PT J AU Mao, XL Wen, SB Russo, RE AF Mao, Xianglei Wen, Sy-bor Russo, Richard E. TI Time resolved laser-induced plasma dynamics SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Charlottesville, VA SP Univ Virginia, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res Global, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac DE femtosecond; shockwave; vapor plume ID EXCIMER-LASER AB The structure and evolution of the laser-induced vapor plume and shockwave were measured from femtosecond time resolved shadowgraph images. By changing the wavelength of the probe beam (400 and 800 nm), differences in the opacity of the vapor plume were measured as a function of delay time from the ablation laser pulse. The evolution of the temperature and electron number density during and after the ablation laser pulse were determined and compared for ablation in argon and helium background gases. A laser supported detonation wave (LSD) observed for ablation in argon, blocks the incoming laser energy and generates a high-pressure region above the vapor plume. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov OI Wen, Sy-Bor/0000-0001-8106-0918 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 15 SI SI BP 6316 EP 6321 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.053 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 178KX UT WOS:000247220700009 ER PT J AU Campbell, BR Palmer, JA Semak, VV AF Campbell, B. R. Palmer, J. A. Semak, V. V. TI Peculiarity of metal drilling with a commercial femtosecond laser SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP, 2006 CL Charlotteville, VA SP Univ Virginia, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res Global, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac DE ultrashort pulse; femtosecond; drilling; aluminum; pedestal ID TEMPORAL CONTRAST; UV PULSES AB A commercial femtosecond pulse laser was used to study the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with aluminum. Tests were conducted to measure the average drilling rate over a range of laser pulse energies in both air and vacuum at the wavelengths corresponding to the fundamental and second harmonic of the laser. For the fundamental wavelength, it was observed that the drilling rates in vacuum were significantly higher than that for drilling in atmospheric air. For the laser beam that was converted to second harmonic, the drilling rate in vacuum at the same energy was slightly lower than that for drilling in air. The observed results can be explained by the presence of an energetic nanosecond pedestal in the laser pulse produced by the femtosecond laser system. This nanosecond component provides a major contribution into drilling and it is strongly affected by the optical breakdown plasma that reduces the drilling rate in air. Conversion to second harmonic reduces the relative energy content of the nanosecond component resulting in a higher contrast femtosecond pulse that is not affected by the near surface plasma. The presence of air results in self-focusing of the second harmonic laser beam, causing an increased drilling rate as compared to the interaction in vacuum. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Penn State Univ, Electro Opt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Campbell, BR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Electro Opt Ctr, 222 Northpointe Blvd, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. EM brc7@psu.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 15 SI SI BP 6334 EP 6338 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.063 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 178KX UT WOS:000247220700013 ER PT J AU Toops, TJ Delgass, WN Rioux, RM AF Toops, Todd J. Delgass, W. Nicholas Rioux, Robert M. TI M. Albert Vannice Festschrift SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rioux, RM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rrioux@gmwgroup.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 2 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.04.006 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 179CS UT WOS:000247267500002 ER PT J AU Rioux, RM Marsh, AL Gaughan, JS Somorjai, GA AF Rioux, Robert M. Marsh, Anderson L. Gaughan, J. S. Somorjai, G. A. TI Oxidation and reforming reactions of CH4 on a stepped Pt(557) single crystal SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; reforming; combined combustion-reforming; methane; oxygen; Pt single crystal; steps ID SUPPORTED PLATINUM CATALYSTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYNTHESIS GAS; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; METHANE DISSOCIATION; NICKEL-CATALYSTS; XENON ADSORPTION; CO DISSOCIATION; TURNOVER RATE AB The oxidation and reforming kinetics of methane by O-2, CO2 and H2O were studied on a stepped Pt(557) single crystal from 623 to 1050 K under methane rich conditions. The rate of carbon deposition was followed by ex-situ Auger electron spectroscopy under non-oxidative conditions. The apparent activation energy for methane decomposition was significantly lower than the apparent barriers measured for both total oxidation, CO2 and H2O reforming. Total oxidation of methane to CO2 and H2O followed by combined dry and steam reforming (combined combustion-reforming) led to CO production rates which were higher than direct CO2 or H2O reforming rates. The enhanced rates are most likely due to the ability of adsorbed oxygen to prevent carbon nucleation and/or scavenge carbon enabling the reforming reaction to turnover on a larger fraction of sites. Comparable amounts of carbon were found by Auger electron spectroscopy measurements after both direct dry or steam reforming, while combined oxidation-reforming had considerable less carbon. During direct dry or steam reforming, CO2 and H2O serve only to scavenge adsorbed atomic carbon, while in the presence of oxygen, carbon is removed by both combustion and reforming routes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lebanon Valley Coll, Dept Chem, Annville, PA 17003 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.018 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 179CS UT WOS:000247267500032 ER PT J AU Toops, TJ Bunting, BG Nguyen, K Gopinath, A AF Toops, Todd J. Bunting, Bruce G. Nguyen, Ke Gopinath, Ajit TI Effect of engine-based thermal aging on surface morphology and performance of Lean NOx traps SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE Lean NOx traps (LNT); single-cylinder engine; desulfation; thermal aging; rapid aging protocol ID STORAGE/REDUCTION CATALYSTS; REDUCTION CATALYSTS; BURN CONDITIONS; STORAGE; DISPERSION; ADSORPTION; PLATINUM; ALUMINA; OXIDE; PT/BAO/AL2O3 AB A small single-cylinder diesel engine is used to thermally age model (Pt + Rh/Ba/gamma-Al2O3) lean NOx traps (LNTs) under lean/rich cycling at target temperatures of 600 degrees C, 700 degrees C, and 800 degrees C. During an aging cycle, fuel is injected into the exhaust to achieve reproducible exotherms under lean and rich conditions with the average temperature approximating the target temperature. Aging is performed until the cycle-average NOx conversion measured at 400 degrees C is approximately constant. Engine-based NOx conversion decreased by 42% after 60 cycles at 600 degrees C, 36% after 76 cycles at 700 degrees C and 57% after 46 cycles at 800 degrees C. The catalyst samples were removed and characterized by XRD and using a microreactor that allowed controlled measurements of surface area, precious metal size, NOx storage, and reaction rates. Three aging mechanisms responsible for the deactivation of LNTs have been identified: (i) loss of dispersion of the precious metals, (ii) phase transitions in the washcoat materials, and (iii) loss of surface area of the storage component and support. These three mechanisms are accelerated when the aging temperature exceeds 850 degrees C-the gamma to delta transition temperature of Al2O3. Normalization of rates of NO reacted at 400 degrees C to total surface area demonstrates the biggest impact on performance stems from surface area losses rather than from precious metal sintering. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Toops, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM toopstj@oml.gov NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 179CS UT WOS:000247267500034 ER PT J AU Bond, TC Bhardwaj, E Dong, R Jogani, R Jung, SK Roden, C Streets, DG Trautmann, NM AF Bond, Tami C. Bhardwaj, Ekta Dong, Rong Jogani, Rahil Jung, Soonkyu Roden, Christoph Streets, David G. Trautmann, Nina M. TI Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850-2000 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; GAS EMISSIONS; DATA SET; ART.; CLIMATE; EVOLUTION; POLLUTION; IMPACT; SMOKE AB We present an emission inventory of primary black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (OC) aerosols from fossil fuel and biofuel combustion between 1850 and 2000. We reconstruct fossil fuel consumption and represent changes in technology on a national and sectoral basis. Our estimates rely on new estimates of biofuel consumption, and updated emission factors for old technologies. Emissions of black carbon increase almost linearly, totaling about 1000 Gg in 1850, 2200 Gg in 1900, 3000 Gg in 1950, and 4400 Gg in 2000. Primary organic carbon shows a similar pattern, with emissions of 4100 Gg, 5800 Gg, 6700 Gg, and 8700 Gg in 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000, respectively. Biofuel is responsible for over half of BC emission until about 1890, and dominates energy-related primary OC emission throughout the entire period. Coal contributes the greatest fraction of BC emission between 1880 and 1975, and is overtaken by emissions from biofuel around 1975, and by diesel engines around 1990. Previous work suggests a rapid rise in BC emissions between 1950 and 2000. This work supports a more gradual increase between 1950 and 2000, similar to the increase between 1850 and 1925; implementation of clean technology is a primary reason. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, MC-250,205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yark@uiuc.edu; ekta.bhardwaj@gmail.com; rdong2@uiuc.edu; jogani@uiuc.edu; soonkyujung@yahoo.com; croden@uiuc.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; ntrautmann@anl.gov RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 98 TC 288 Z9 293 U1 11 U2 90 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 AR GB2018 DI 10.1029/2006GB002840 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174KO UT WOS:000246941000004 ER PT J AU Fernandes, SD Trautmann, NM Streets, DG Roden, CA Bond, TC AF Fernandes, Suneeta D. Trautmann, Nina M. Streets, David G. Roden, Christoph A. Bond, Tami C. TI Global biofuel use, 1850-2000 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS ENERGY; FOSSIL-FUEL; LAND-USE; HISTORICAL CHANGES; AEROSOL EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; RURAL ENERGY; CARBON; CONSUMPTION; COMBUSTION AB This paper presents annual, country-level estimates of biofuel use for the period 1850-2000. We estimate that global biofuel consumption rose from about 1000 Tg in 1850 to 2460 Tg in 2000, an increase of 140%. In the late 19th century, biofuel consumption in North America was very high, similar to 220-250 Tg/yr, because widespread land clearing supplied plentiful fuelwood. At that time biofuel use in Western Europe was lower, similar to 180-200 Tg/yr. As fossil fuels became available, biofuel use in the developed world fell. Compensating changes in other parts of the world, however, caused global consumption to remain remarkably stable between 1850 and 1950 at similar to 1200 +/- 200 Tg/yr. It was only after World War II that biofuel use began to increase more rapidly in response to population growth in the developing world. Between 1950 and 2000, biofuel use in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia grew by 170%, 160%, and 130%, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fernandes, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ntrautmann@anl.gov; dstreets@anl.go; croden@uiuc.edu; yark@uiuc.edu RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 92 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 AR GB2019 DI 10.1029/2006GB002836 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174KO UT WOS:000246941000003 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, George A., Jr. TI Pressure comparison between the spherical cellular model and the Thomas-Fermi model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT30) CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Max-Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, GERMANY HO Max-Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst DE Thomas-Fermi model; spherical cellular model ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; GAS AB The widely used Thomas Fermi model always produces pressure which is less than or equal to that of the ideal Fermi gas. On the other hand the spherical cellular model, in certain regions of the temperature-density plane, can produce pressures which are greater than that of the ideal gas. This phenomenon is investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gbj@viking.lanl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 13-14 BP 2045 EP 2054 DI 10.1142/S0217979207043452 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246ED UT WOS:000251989400002 ER PT J AU Gorden, AEV Xu, J Szigethy, G Oliver, A Shuh, DK Raymond, KN AF Gorden, Anne E. V. Xu, Jide Szigethy, Geza Oliver, Allen Shuh, David K. Raymond, Kenneth N. TI Characterization of a mixed salt of 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one Pu(IV) complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; ACTINIDES; SEQUESTRATION; PLUTONIUM; LIGANDS AB A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the mixed salt of hydroxypyridonate Pu(IV) complexes is presented; [Pu(1,2-HOPO)(3)(H2O)(2)center dot ClO4] [Pu(1,2-HOPO)(4)] crystallizes in P2(1) with the asymmetric unit containing two distinct eight-coordinate Pu(IV) complexes, one tris(bidentate) and the other tetrakis(bidentate). The structure of this complex is compared to the analogous Ce(IV)- and Th(IV)-1,2-HOPO structures. C1 LBNL, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), LBNL, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Gorden, Anne/D-2477-2011 OI Gorden, Anne/0000-0001-6623-9880 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 21 BP 6674 EP + DI 10.1021/ja070168l PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 170TG UT WOS:000246686700006 PM 17488009 ER PT J AU Quinn, JR Foss, FW Venkataraman, L Hybertsen, MS Breslow, R AF Quinn, Jordan R. Foss, Frank W., Jr. Venkataraman, Latha Hybertsen, Mark S. Breslow, Ronald TI Single-molecule junction conductance through diaminoacenes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; RESISTANCE AB Conductivities have been measured for diaminoacenes with benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene rings. The conductivities were strong functions of the placement of the amino group contact points for the gold electrodes. There was good correlation with quantum-mechanical theory, and with the stabilities of the related mono- and dications of the molecules. It is proposed that some electron abstraction by the drain precedes electron donation by the source with these electron-rich systems. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venkataraman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM lv2117@columbia.edu; rb33@columbia.edu RI Foss, Frank/A-3318-2009; OI Foss, Frank/0000-0003-1940-6580; Venkataraman, Latha/0000-0002-6957-6089 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 21 BP 6714 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0715804 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 170TG UT WOS:000246686700026 PM 17488083 ER PT J AU Malavasi, L Kim, H Billinge, SJL Proffen, T Tealdi, C Flor, G AF Malavasi, Lorenzo Kim, HyunJeong Billinge, Simon J. L. Proffen, Thomas Tealdi, Cristina Flor, Giorgio TI Nature of the monoclinic to cubic phase transition in the fast oxygen ion conductor La2Mo2O9 (LAMOX) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB La2Mo2O9 (LAMOX) is a fast oxygen ion conductor which shows high oxygen ion conductivities comparable to those of yttria-sabilized zirconia (YSZ). LAMOX is subject to a structural phase transition from the nonconductive monoclinic form to the highly conductive cubic form at about 580 degrees C. The origin of the conductivity in cubic LAMOX has been suggested to be due to a "disorder" in the O sublattice without any insight into the real distribution of the oxygen ion. In this paper, thanks to the application of the neutron atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, we provide evidence that the local structure of the cubic polymorph of LAMOX is exactly the same of that of the monoclinic phase, thus indicating that the structural phase transition is actually a transition from a static to a dynamic distribution of the oxygen defects. This work represents the first application of the atomic-pair distribution function analysis to the study of an oxygen fast-oxide ion conductor and clearly indicates that a more reliable and detailed description of their local structure, particularly in the highly conductive phases, can lead to a better comprehension of the structure-property correlation, which is the starting point for the design of new and optimized functional materials. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Chem Phys, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, IENI, CNR, Dept Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malavasi, L (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Chem Phys, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM lorenzo.malavasi@unipv.it RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Malavasi, Lorenzo/P-1966-2016; OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Malavasi, Lorenzo/0000-0003-4724-2376 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 21 BP 6903 EP 6907 DI 10.1021/ja071281e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 170TG UT WOS:000246686700052 PM 17488014 ER PT J AU Liu, WL Zhang, KW Xiao, HP Meng, LJ Li, J Stocks, GM Zhong, JX AF Liu, Wenliang Zhang, Kaiwang Xiao, Huaping Meng, Lijun Li, Jun Stocks, G. Malcolm Zhong, Jianxin TI Surface reconstruction and core distortion of silicon and germanium nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CLUSTER; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; SI(100) SURFACE; SI(001) SURFACE; BUCKLED DIMERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTORS AB We report the results of molecular dynamics simulations for structures of pristine silicon nanowires and germanium nanowires with bulk cores oriented along the [ 110] direction and bounded by the ( 100) and ( 110) surfaces in the lateral direction. We found that the ( 100) surfaces for both silicon and germanium nanowires undergo 2 x 1 dimerization while their ( 110) surfaces do not show reconstruction. The direction of the dimer rows is either parallel or perpendicular to the wire axis depending on the orientation of the surface dangling bonds. The dimer length for Si is in good agreement with the result obtained by first-principles calculations. However, the geometry of Si dimers belongs to the symmetrical 2 x 1 reconstruction rather than the asymmetrical buckled dimers. We also show that surface reconstruction of a small nanowire induces significant change in the lattice spacing for the atoms not on the ( 100) surface, resulting in severe structural distortion of the core of the nanowire. C1 Xiangtan Univ, Dept Phys, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, KW (reprint author), Xiangtan Univ, Dept Phys, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM kwzhang@xtu.edu.cn; jxzhong@xtu.edu.cn RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 21 AR 215703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/21/215703 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 169KD UT WOS:000246590200022 ER PT J AU Jeanloz, R Celliers, PM Collins, GW Eggert, JH Lee, KKM McWilliams, RS Brygoo, S Loubeyre, P AF Jeanloz, Raymond Celliers, Peter M. Collins, Gilbert W. Eggert, Jon H. Lee, Kanani K. M. McWilliams, R. Stewart Brygoo, Stephanie Loubeyre, Paul TI Achieving high-density states through shock-wave loading of precompressed samples SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE high pressure; planetary interiors; diamond-anvil cell; Hugoniot; laser shock ID PRESSURES; FACILITY; EQUATION AB Materials can be experimentally characterized to terapascal pressures by sending a laser-induced shock wave through a sample that is precompressed inside a diamond-anvil cell. This combination of static and dynamic compression methods has been experimentally demonstrated and ultimately provides access to the 10- to 100-TPa (0.1-1 Gbar) pressure range that is relevant to planetary science, testing first-principles theories of condensed matter, and experimentally studying a new regime of chemical bonding. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Jeanloz, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jeanloz@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; McWilliams, R./J-4358-2016 NR 26 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9172 EP 9177 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608170104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700017 PM 17494771 ER PT J AU Lee, GW Evans, WJ Yoo, CS AF Lee, Geun Woo Evans, William J. Yoo, Choong-Shik TI Dynamic pressure-induced dendritic and shock crystal growth of ice VI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dynamic-diamond anvil cell ID UNDERCOOLED WATER; PATTERN-FORMATION; 2 DIMENSIONS; INSTABILITIES; TRANSITION; VELOCITY; MODEL AB Crystal growth mechanisms are crucial to understanding the complexity of crystal morphologies in nature and advanced technological materials, such as the faceting and dendrites found in snowflakes and the microstructure and associated strength properties of structural and icy planetary materials. In this article, we present observations of pressure-induced ice VI crystal growth, which have been predicted theoretically, but had never been observed experimentally to our knowledge. Under modulated pressure conditions in a dynamic-diamond anvil cell, rough single ice Vi crystal initially grows into well defined octahedral crystal facets. However, as the compression rate increases, the crystal surface dramatically changes from rough to facet, and from convex to concave because of a surface instability, and thereby the growth rate suddenly increases by an order of magnitude. Depending on the compression rate, this discontinuous jump in crystal growth rate or "shock crystal growth" eventually produces 2D carpet-type fractal morphology, and moreover dendrites form under sinusoidal compression, whose crystal morphologies are remarkably similar to those predicted in theoretical simulations under a temperature gradient field. The observed strong dependence of the growth mechanism on compression rate, therefore, suggests a different approach to developing a comprehensive understanding of crystal growth dynamics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lee210@llnl.gov; yoo1@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9178 EP 9181 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609390104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700018 PM 17296943 ER PT J AU Ma, XC Jiang, P Qi, Y Jia, JF Yang, Y Duan, WH Li, WX Bao, X Zhang, SB Xue, QK AF Ma, Xucun Jiang, Peng Qi, Yun Jia, Jinfeng Yang, Yu Duan, Wenhui Li, Wei-Xue Bao, Xinhe Zhang, S. B. Xue, Qi-Kun TI Experimental observation of quantum oscillation of surface chemical reactivities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pb(111); quantum size effects; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface reactivity ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; METAL-SURFACES; CHEMISORPTION; OXIDATION; STATES; PB AB Here we present direct observation of a quantum reactivity with respect to the amounts of O-2 adsorbed and the rates of surface oxidation as a function of film thickness on ultrathin (2-6 nm) Pb mesas by scanning tunneling microscopy. Simultaneous spectroscopic measurements on the electronic structures reveal a quantum oscillation that originates from quantum well states of the mesas, as a generalization of the Fabry-Perot modes of confined electron waves. We expect the quantum reactivity to be a general phenomenon for most ultrathin metal films with broad implications, such as nanostructure tuning of surface reactivities and rational design of heterogeneous catalysts. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xue, QK (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM qkxue@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Qi, Yun/C-4124-2011; Li, Wei-Xue/A-1414-2011; Duan, Wenhui /H-4992-2011; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; li, haobo/P-5373-2014 OI Duan, Wenhui /0000-0001-9685-2547; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; li, haobo/0000-0002-9215-3754 NR 36 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9204 EP 9208 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611024104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700023 PM 17517632 ER PT J AU Stolyarova, E Rim, KT Ryu, SM Maultzsch, J Kim, P Brus, LE Heinz, TF Hybertsen, MS Flynn, GW AF Stolyarova, Elena Rim, Kwang Taeg Ryu, Sunmin Maultzsch, Janina Kim, Philip Brus, Louis E. Heinz, Tony F. Hybertsen, Mark S. Flynn, George W. TI High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of mesoscopic graphene sheets on an insulating surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional; graphite; nanoscience ID PT(111); FILMS AB We present scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of singlelayer graphene crystals examined under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The samples, with lateral dimensions on the micrometer scale, were prepared on a silicon dioxide surface by direct exfoliation of crystalline graphite. The single-layer films were identified by using Raman spectroscopy. Topographic images of single-layer samples display the honeycomb structure expected for the full hexagonal symmetry of an isolated graphene monolayer. The absence of observable defects in the STM images is indicative of the high quality of these films. Crystals composed of a few layers of graphene also were examined. They exhibited dramatically different STM topography, displaying the reduced threefold symmetry characteristic of the surface of bulk graphite. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Flynn, GW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM gwf1@columbia.edu RI bartelsdoe, ludwig/F-8008-2011; Kim, Philip/N-1886-2013; Heinz, Tony/K-7797-2015; Maultzsch, Janina/A-4781-2017; OI Heinz, Tony/0000-0003-1365-9464; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754 NR 17 TC 338 Z9 343 U1 23 U2 191 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9209 EP 9212 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703337104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700024 PM 17517635 ER PT J AU Religa, TL Johnson, CM Vu, DM Brewer, SH Dyer, RB Fersht, AR AF Religa, Tomasz L. Johnson, Christopher M. Vu, Dung M. Brewer, Scott H. Dyer, R. Brian Fersht, Alan R. TI The helix-turn-helix motif as an ultrafast independently folding domain: The pathway of folding of Engrailed homeodomain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE barrier-limited; NMR; protein; temperature jump ID DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; NUCLEATION-CONDENSATION; UNIFYING MECHANISM; DENATURED STATE; NMR; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; KINETICS; SIMULATION AB Helices 2 and 3 of Engrailed homeodomain (EnHD) form a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. This common motif is believed not to fold independently, which is the characteristic feature of a motif rather than a domain. But we found that the EnHD HTH motif is monomeric and folded in solution, having essentially the same structure as in full-length protein. It had a sigmoidal thermal denaturation transition. Both native backbone and local tertiary interactions were formed concurrently at 4 x 10(5) s(-1) at 25 degrees C, monitored by IR and fluorescence T-jump kinetics, respectively, the same rate constant as for the fast phase in the folding of EnHD. The HTH motif, thus, is an ultrafast-folding, natural protein domain. Its independent stability and appropriate folding kinetics account for the stepwise folding of EnHD, satisfy fully the criteria for an on-pathway intermediate, and explain the changes in mechanism of folding across the homeodomain family. Experiments on mutated and engineered fragments of the parent protein with different probes allowed the assignment of the observed kinetic phases to specific events to show that EnHD is not an example of one-state downhill folding. C1 MRC, Ctr Prot Engn, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fersht, AR (reprint author), MRC, Ctr Prot Engn, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. EM arf25@cam.ac.uk OI Vu, Dung/0000-0002-3707-4439 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105484373] NR 58 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9272 EP 9277 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703434104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700035 PM 17517666 ER PT J AU Mwangi, MM Wu, SW Zhou, YJ Sieradzki, K de Lencastre, H Richardson, P Bruce, D Rubin, E Myers, E Siggia, ED Tomasz, A AF Mwangi, Michael M. Wu, Shang Wei Zhou, Yanjiao Sieradzki, Krzysztof de Lencastre, Herminia Richardson, Paul Bruce, David Rubin, Edward Myers, Eugene Siggia, Eric D. Tomasz, Alexander TI Tracking the in vivo evolution of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID REDUCED VANCOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; CELL-WALL STRUCTURE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RIFAMPIN RESISTANCE; REGULATORY SYSTEM; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTERMEDIATE AB The spread of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in the clinical environment has begun to pose serious limits to treatment options. Yet virtually nothing is known about how resistance traits are acquired in vivo. Here, we apply the power of whole-genome sequencing to identify steps in the evolution of multidrug resistance in isogenic S. aureus isolates recovered periodically from the bloodstream of a patient undergoing chemotherapy with vancomycin and other antibiotics. After extensive therapy, the bacterium developed resistance, and treatment failed. Sequencing the first vancomycin susceptible isolate and the last vancomycin nonsusceptible isolate identified genome wide only 35 point mutations in 31 loci. These mutations appeared in a sequential order in isolates that were recovered at intermittent times during chemotherapy in parallel with increasing levels of resistance. The vancomycin nonsusceptible isolates also showed a 100-fold decrease in susceptibility to daptomycin, although this antibiotic was not used in the therapy. One of the mutated loci associated with decreasing vancomycin susceptibility (the vraR operon) was found to also carry mutations in six additional vancomycin nonsusceptible S. aureus isolates belonging to different genetic backgrounds and recovered from different geographic sites. As costs drop, whole-genome sequencing will become a useful tool in elucidating complex pathways of in vivo evolution in bacterial pathogens. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Tianjin Med Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tianjin 300070, Peoples R China. Univ Nova Lisboa, Lab Mol Genet, Inst Tecnol, Oeiras, Portugal. US Dept Energy Joint Genom Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Howars Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20146 USA. RP Tomasz, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM tomasz@mail.rockefeller.edu RI Tomasz, Alexander/B-9939-2011; OI de Lencastre, Herminia/0000-0001-6816-8932; Tomasz, Alexander/0000-0003-1520-1983 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 37275] NR 49 TC 291 Z9 299 U1 5 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 22 BP 9451 EP 9456 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609839104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 174IN UT WOS:000246935700066 PM 17517606 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, A Zhai, X Warusawithana, M Eckstein, JN Bader, SD AF Bhattacharya, A. Zhai, X. Warusawithana, M. Eckstein, J. N. Bader, S. D. TI Signatures of enhanced ordering temperatures in digital superlattices of (LaMnO3)(m)/(SrMnO3)(2m) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Digital superlattices of (LaMnO3)(m)/SrMnO3)(2m) (m <= 3) having the same nominal composition as La1/3Sr2/3MnO3, an antiferromagnetic insulator, have been synthesized by means of molecular beam epitaxy. All superlattices show a sharp resistive maximum at temperatures near to or higher than the Neel temperature of bulk La1/3Sr2/3MnO3. No discernible signatures of magnetic ordering are observed near the resistivity peak for m <= 2, but m=3 has a susceptibility peak consistent with antiferromagnet ordering, which is canted when cooled in a small magnetic field. Analogies are drawn to d(x)(2)-y(2) orbitally ordered, layered antiferromagnetic manganites to explain the observations. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bhattacharya, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anand@anl.gov RI Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011 OI Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 222503 DI 10.1063/1.2745205 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900047 ER PT J AU Gao, F Du, J Bylaska, EJ Posselt, M Weber, WJ AF Gao, F. Du, J. Bylaska, E. J. Posselt, M. Weber, W. J. TI Ab Initio atomic simulations of antisite pair recovery in cubic silicon carbide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ENERGIES AB The thermal stability of an antisite pair in cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is studied using ab initio molecular dynamics within the framework of density functional theory. The lifetime of the antisite pair configuration is calculated for temperatures between 1800 and 2250 K, and the effective activation energy for antisite pair recombination is determined to be 2.52 eV. The recombination energy path and static energy barrier are also calculated using the nudged elastic band method along with the dimer method to accurately locate the transition states. The consistency of the results suggests that the antisite pair cannot be correlated with the D-I photoluminescence center, as proposed previously by theoretical interpretations. An extended exchange mechanism is found for the antisite pair recombination. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221915 DI 10.1063/1.2743751 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900032 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Bradby, JE Ruffell, S Li, CP Felter, TE Hamza, AV AF Kucheyev, S. O. Bradby, J. E. Ruffell, S. Li, C. P. Felter, T. E. Hamza, A. V. TI Segregation and precipitation of Er in Ge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; AMORPHOUS-GE; SILICON; ERBIUM; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; SI AB Although Er-doped Ge nanomaterials are attractive for photonic applications, very little is known about the basic properties of Er in Ge. Here, the authors study the annealing behavior of Ge implanted with keV Er ions to doses resulting in less than or similar to 1 at. % of Er. Large redistribution of Er, with segregation at the amorphous/crystalline interface, starts at greater than or similar to 500 degrees C, while lower temperatures are required for material recrystallization. However, even at 400 degrees C, Er forms precipitates. The concentration of Er trapped in the bulk after recrystallization decreases with increasing temperature but is independent of the initial bulk Er concentration for the range of ion doses studied here. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Bradby, Jodie/A-8963-2009; Ruffell, Simon/B-3955-2010 OI Bradby, Jodie/0000-0002-9560-8400; NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221901 DI 10.1063/1.2743881 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900018 ER PT J AU Meyertholen, AD Li, ZQ Basov, DN Fogler, MM Martin, MC Wang, GM Dhoot, AS Moses, D Heeger, AJ AF Meyertholen, A. D. Li, Z. Q. Basov, Dimitri N. Fogler, M. M. Martin, M. C. Wang, G. M. Dhoot, A. S. Moses, D. Heeger, A. J. TI Concentration-dependent mobility in organic field-effect transistors probed by infrared spectromicroscopy of the charge density profile SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The authors show that infrared imaging of the charge density profile in organic field-effect transistors (FETs) can probe transport characteristics which are difficult to access by conventional contact-based measurements. Specifically, they carry out experiments and modeling of infrared spectromicroscopy of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) FETs in which charge injection is affected by a relatively low resistance of the gate insulators. They conclude that the mobility of P3HT has a power-law density dependence, which is consistent with the activated transport in disorder-induced tails of the density of states. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mitsubishi Chem Ctr Adv Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Meyertholen, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ameyerth@ucsd.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 222108 DI 10.1063/1.2745223 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900040 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Smirnov, A Fisch, NJ AF Raitses, Y. Smirnov, A. Fisch, N. J. TI Enhanced performance of cylindrical Hall thrusters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The cylindrical thruster differs significantly in its underlying physical mechanisms from the conventional annular Hall thruster. It features high ionization efficiency, quiet operation, ion acceleration in a large volume-to-surface ratio channel, and performance comparable with the state-of-the-art conventional Hall thrusters. Very significant plume narrowing, accompanied by the increase of the energetic ion fraction and improvement of ion focusing, led to 50%-60% increase of the thruster anode efficiency. These improvements were achieved by overrunning the discharge current in the magnetized thruster plasma. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM yraitses@pppl.gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221502 DI 10.1063/1.2741413 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900015 ER PT J AU Ryan, P Wermeille, D Kim, JW Woicik, JC Hellberg, CS Li, H AF Ryan, P. Wermeille, D. Kim, J. W. Woicik, J. C. Hellberg, C. S. Li, H. TI Domain ordering of strained 5 ML SrTiO3 films on Si(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; SILICON AB High resolution x-ray diffraction data indicate ordered square shaped coherent domains, similar to 1200 angstrom in length, coexisting with longer, similar to 9500 angstrom correlated regions in highly strained 5 ML SrTiO3 films grown on Si(001). These long range film structures are due to the Si substrate terraces defined by the surface step morphology. The silicon surface "step pattern" is comprised of an "intrinsic" terrace length from strain relaxation and a longer "extrinsic" interstep distance due to the surface miscut. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MU CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Motorola Labs, Embedded Syst Res, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Ryan, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MU CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pryan@mu.aps.anl.gov RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221908 DI 10.1063/1.2744478 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900025 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Qi, Y Zhu, YT AF Wu, X. L. Qi, Y. Zhu, Y. T. TI Partial-mediated slips in nanocrystalline Ni at high strain rate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; FORMATION MECHANISM; CRACK-TIP; DEFORMATION; METALS; ALLOYS; NICKEL; ONSET; AL AB Previous experiments on nanocrystalline Ni were conducted under quasistatic strain rates (similar to 3x10(-3)/s), which are much lower than that used in typical molecular dynamics simulations (>3x10(7)/s), thus making direct comparison of modeling and experiments very difficult. In this study, the split Hopkinson bar tests revealed that nanocrystalline Ni prefers twinning to extended partials, especially under higher strain rates (10(3)/s). These observations contradict some reported molecular dynamics simulation results, where only extended partials, but no twins, were observed. The accuracy of the generalized planar fault energies is only partially responsible, but cannot fully account for such a difference. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, State Key Lab Nonlinear Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wu, XL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, State Key Lab Nonlinear Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM xlwu@imech.ac.cn; yue.qi@gm.com; yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Qi, Yue/B-9869-2008; ping, jiang/C-7263-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; ping, jiang/0000-0002-0503-140X NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 22 AR 221911 DI 10.1063/1.2745250 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173ZB UT WOS:000246909900028 ER PT J AU Bontchev, RP Venturini, EL Nyman, M AF Bontchev, Ranko P. Venturini, Eugene L. Nyman, May TI Copper-linked hexaniobate lindqvist clusters-variations on a theme SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; VANADIUM-OXIDE CLUSTERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BUILDING-BLOCKS; EXTENDED SOLIDS; ANIONS; COMPLEXES; FRAMEWORK; HETEROPOLYNIOBATES; OXYGEN AB Four new one-dimensional materials and one dimer complex based on the linkage of [Nb6O19] clusters and [CuLx] (L = ethylenediamine (en), NH3, H2O) assemble under ambient conditions. These phases include the following: Rb-4[Cu(en)(2)(H2O)(2)](3)[(Nb6O19H2)(2)Cu(en)(2)]center dot 24H(2)O (1), space group P (1) over bar; [Cu(en)(2)(H2O)(2)](2)[(Nb6O19H2)Cu(en)(2)]center dot 14H(2)O (2), space group P (1) over bar; Rb-2[Cu(NH3)(2)(H2O)(4)][Cu(NH3)(4)(H2O)(2)](2){[Nb6O19][Cu(NH3)](2)}(2)center dot 6H(2)O (3), space group P (1) over bar {[Nb6O19][Cu(NH3)(2)(H2O)](2)[Cu(H2O)(4)](2)}center dot 3H(2)O (4), space group P2/n; and {[Nb6O19][Cu(NH3)(2)(H2O)](2)[Cu(H2O)(4)](2)} (5), space group C2/m. All structures have been solved by single-crystal methods, and compounds 1-5 were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform IR, chemical analysis, and magnetic measurements. It has been demonstrated that the conformation, charge, and geometry of the [Nb6O19]-[CuLx] chains can be modulated by varying the type and amount of the [CuLx](2+) species. The charge balance is provided by mixed Rb+/[CuLx](2+) or [CuLx](2+) cations only for structures 1-3, whereas 4 and 5 are neutral chains with no counterions. There are weak antiferromagnetic Cu2+-Cu2+ interactions in all phases. Compounds 2-5 represent the first examples in which the [Nb6O19] Lindqvist ion forms extended solids rather than dimers or decorated monomers when reacted with transition-metal, cationic complexes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 4483 EP 4491 DI 10.1021/ic0624118 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 169GU UT WOS:000246581500020 PM 17472371 ER PT J AU Condron, CL Hope, H Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Kauzlarich, SM AF Condron, Cathie L. Hope, Hakon Piccoli, Paula M. B. Schultz, Arthur J. Kauzlarich, Susan M. TI Synthesis, structure, and properties of BaAl2Si2 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TERNARY SILICIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION; CAAL2SI2-TYPE STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ALB2-TYPE STRUCTURE; STABILITY RANGE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; AB2X2 COMPOUNDS AB Single crystals of BaAl2Si2 were grown from an Al molten flux and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 10 and 90 K and neutron diffraction at room temperature. BaAl2Si2 crystallizes with the alpha-BaCu2S2 structure type (Pnma), is isostructural with alpha-BaAl2Ge2, and is an open 3D framework compound, where Al and Si form a covalent cagelike network with Ba2+ cations residing in the cages. BaAl2Si2 has a unit cell of a = 10.070(3) angstrom, b = 4.234(1) angstrom, and c = 10.866(3) angstrom, as determined by room-temperature single-crystal neutron diffraction (R1 = 0.0533, wR2 = 0.1034). The structure as determined by single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction (10 and 90 K) indicates that BaAl2Si2 (Pnma) is strictly isostructural to other (alpha)-BaCu2S2-type structures, requiring site specificity for Al and Si. Unlike BaAl2Ge2, no evidence for an alpha to beta (BaZn2P2-type, I4/mmm) phase transition was observed. This compound shows metallic electronic resistivity and Pauli paramagnetic behavior. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkauzlarich@ucdavis.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 4523 EP 4529 DI 10.1021/ic070078h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 169GU UT WOS:000246581500024 PM 17469815 ER PT J AU Casellas, H Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Masciocchi, N Galli, S Sironi, A Gamez, P Reedijk, J AF Casellas, Helene Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Masciocchi, Norberto Galli, Simona Sironi, Angelo Gamez, Patrick Reedijk, Jan TI Rich pseudopolymorphic behavior of the tetranuclear [Ni-4(dpyatriz)(2)(NO3)(8)] complex SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANION-PI INTERACTIONS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POLYMORPHISM; RECEPTOR; SYNTHONS; CRYSTAL; LIGANDS; RING; UNIT AB Reaction of nickel(II) nitrate with the dpyatriz ligand, namely 2,4,6-tris(bis(pyridin-2-yl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine, in acetonitrile produces a tetranuclear Ni-II coordination compound, [Ni-4(dpyatriz)(2)(NO3)(8)(CH3CN)(2)(H2O)(2)]center dot 2CH(3)CN (1), the crystal structure of which has been determined by X-ray diffraction using a synchrotron source. 1 has been characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Its solid-state structure exhibits remarkable anion center dot center dot center dot pi interactions between coordinated nitrate ions and the triazine rings. In addition, a thorough X-ray powder diffraction study has revealed a number of pseudopolymorphic phases (2-5), resulting from various degrees of hydration/solvation of the [Ni-4(dpyatriz)(2)] core. The interconversion scheme among the different phases has been determined using controlled heating, and the basic structural features of the different pseudopolymorphs have been assessed through ab initio powder diffraction methods. C1 Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Ambientali, I-22100 Como, Italy. Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. ALS, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Chim Strutturale & Stereochim Inorga, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Masciocchi, N (reprint author), Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Chim & Ambientali, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy. EM masciocchi@uninsubria.it; p.gamez@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010; Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Masciocchi, Norberto/K-4400-2015; Angelo, Sironi/S-5718-2016; OI Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843; Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Masciocchi, Norberto/0000-0001-9921-2350; Angelo, Sironi/0000-0001-6902-6987; GALLI, SIMONA/0000-0003-0335-5707 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 4583 EP 4591 DI 10.1021/ic0702015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 169GU UT WOS:000246581500031 PM 17439210 ER PT J AU Dai, JC Corbett, JD AF Dai, Jing-Cao Corbett, John D. TI Transformation of AeIn(4) indides (Ae = Ba, Sr) into an AeAu(2)In(2) structure type through gold substitution SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALLIC ZINTL PHASE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; CLUSTER; BAAL4; NETWORK; RB; STABILIZATION; POLYANIONS; COMPOUND; EXAMPLES AB The title compounds were prepared from the elements by high-temperature solid-state synthesis techniques. X-ray structural analyses shows that BaAu2In2 (1) and SrAu2In2 (2) crystallize in a new orthorhombic structure, Pnma, Z = 4 (a = 8.755(2), 8.530(2) A; b = 4.712(1), 4.598(1) A; c = 12.368(3), 12.283(4) A, respectively). Gold substitutes for 50% of the indium atoms in the tetragonal BaIn4 and monoclinic SrIn4 parents to give this new and more flexible orthorhombic structure. The Ae atoms in this structure are contained within chains of hexagonal prisms built of alternating In and Au that have additional augmenting atoms around their waists from further condensation of parallel displaced chains. The driving forces for these structural changes are in part the shorter Au-In distances (2.72 and 2.69 A) relative to d(In-In) in the parents, presumably because of relativistic contractions with Au. Generalities about such centered prismatic building blocks and their condensation modes in these and related phases are described. Band structure calculations (EHTB) demonstrate that the two compounds are metallic, which is confirmed by measurements of the resistivity of 1 and the magnetic susceptibilities of both. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Huaqiao Univ, Inst Mat Phys Chem, Fujian 362021, Peoples R China. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov RI Dai, Jing-Cao/G-8427-2012 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 4592 EP 4598 DI 10.1021/ic070142v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 169GU UT WOS:000246581500032 PM 17439116 ER PT J AU Amador-Bedolla, C Salomon-Ferrer, R Lester, WA Vazquez-Martinez, JA Aspuru-Guzik, A AF Amador-Bedolla, Carlos Salomon-Ferrer, Romelia Lester, William A., Jr. Vazquez-Martinez, Jose Alfredo Aspuru-Guzik, Alan TI Reagents for electrophilic amination: A quantum Monte Carlo study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; MOLECULES; ACCURACY; ENERGIES; ATOMS; HE AB Electrophilic amination is an appealing synthetic strategy to construct carbon-nitrogen bonds. The authors explore the use of the quantum Monte Carlo method and a proposed variant of the electron pair localization function-the electron pair localization function density-as a measure of the nucleophilicity of nitrogen lone pairs as a possible screening procedure for electrophilic reagents. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim Organ, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Amador-Bedolla, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Fis & Quim Teor, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RI Aspuru-Guzik, Alan/A-4984-2008; Amador-Bedolla, Carlos/E-7448-2010 OI Aspuru-Guzik, Alan/0000-0002-8277-4434; Amador-Bedolla, Carlos/0000-0001-9590-2645 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 20 AR 204308 DI 10.1063/1.2733664 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 173SB UT WOS:000246891700020 PM 17552763 ER PT J AU Brown, MD Law, BM Satija, S Hamilton, WA Watkins, E Cho, JHJ Majewski, J AF Brown, M. D. Law, B. M. Satija, S. Hamilton, W. A. Watkins, E. Cho, J-H. J. Majewski, J. TI Comparison of critical adsorption scaling functions obtained from neutron reflectometry and ellipsometry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURE; ORDER-PARAMETER PROFILE; VAPOR INTERFACE; EXTRAORDINARY TRANSITION; POLYMER-SOLUTION; CONSOLUTE POINT; SURFACE; WALL; REFLECTIVITY; SUBSTRATE AB Carpenter [Phys. Rev. E 59, 5655 (1999); 61, 532 (2000)] managed to explain ellipsometric critical adsorption data collected from the liquid-vapor interface of four different critical binary liquid mixtures near their demixing critical temperature using a single model. This was the first time a single universal function had been found which could quantitatively describe the surface critical behavior of many different mixtures. There have also been various attempts to investigate this surface critical behavior using neutron and x-ray reflectometries. Results have been mixed and have often been at variance with Carpenter In this paper, the authors show that neutron reflectometry data collected from a crystalline quartz-critical mixture interface, specifically deuterated water plus 3-methylpyridine, can be quantitatively explained using the model of Carpenter derived from ellipsometric data. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, MD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Law, Bruce/I-3605-2013 OI Law, Bruce/0000-0002-3877-8497 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 20 AR 204704 DI 10.1063/1.2736383 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 173SB UT WOS:000246891700043 PM 17552786 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Colgan, J AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Colgan, J. TI Double ionization of helium by fast bare ion collisions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON; HE AB A time-dependent close-coupling method is developed to treat the double ionization of helium by fast bare ion collisions. At high incident energies, charge transfer to the projectile is quite small, so that the two-electron wavefunction remains centred on the target, subject to a time-dependent projectile interaction. A multipole expansion of the projectile-atom interaction includes monopole, dipole, quadrupole and octopole terms. Time-dependent close-coupling calculations are carried out for alpha + He collisions at incident energies greater or equal to 1.0 MeV amu(-1). Over 100 coupled channels are needed to obtain total double ionization cross sections that are in good agreement with recent non-perturbative basis-set coupled channels calculations and absolute experimental measurements. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1695 EP 1703 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/10/004 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 168VK UT WOS:000246551900006 ER PT J AU Otranto, S Olson, RE Beiersdorfer, P AF Otranto, S. Olson, R. E. Beiersdorfer, P. TI Cometary x-rays: line emission cross sections for multiply charged solar wind ion charge exchange SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; C/1999 S4; POPULATION; IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; DISCOVERY; HYDROGEN; IMPACT; MARS AB Absolute line emission cross sections are presented for 1 keV amu(-1) charge-exchange collisions of multiply charged solar wind ions with H2O. These cross sections can be used to model charge-exchange processes with cometary targets with similar binding energies such as H, O, CO2 and CO. A parameter-free model is used to successfully predict the recently observed x-ray spectra of comet Linear C/1999 S4 and McNaught-Hartley C/ 1999 T1. We show that the resulting spectrum is extremely sensitive to the time variations of the solar wind composition. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Otranto, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM otrantos@umr.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1755 EP 1766 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/10/010 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 168VK UT WOS:000246551900012 ER PT J AU Liu, Y AF Liu, Yi TI Self-assembled ring-in-ring complexes from metal-ligand coordination macrocycles and beta-cyclodextrin SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; POLYMERIC ROTAXANE; TRANSITION-METALS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; BORROMEAN RINGS; CONSTRUCTION AB Ring-in-ring nanostructures can be assembled from readily available starting materials, including dipyridyl ligands, (en)Pd(NO3)(2), and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). When a series of dipyridyl ligands are mixed with beta-CD and Pd(II) in aqueous solution, various self-assembled geometries can be obtained as a result of a combination of hydrobic interactions and metal-ligand coordinations. In the cases of dipyridyl ligands with flexible linker, dinuclear coordination macrocycles M2L2 are formed and included in the cavity of P-CD to form ring-in-ring complexes. When more rigid dipyridyl ligands are used, a tetranuclear coordination macrocycle M4L4 prevails and shows no interaction with beta-CD, as apposed to the flexible ones. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yliu@lbl.gov RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008 OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 22 BP 3871 EP 3874 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.144 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 172VL UT WOS:000246832500024 ER PT J AU Leung, FYT Logan, JA Park, R Hyer, E Kasischke, E Streets, D Yurganov, L AF Leung, Fok-Yan T. Logan, Jennifer A. Park, Rokjin Hyer, Edward Kasischke, Eric Streets, David Yurganov, Leonid TI Impacts of enhanced biomass burning in the boreal forests in 1998 on tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity of model results to the injection height of emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAYER EXPEDITION ABLE-3A; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FIRE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; FLIGHT SERIES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; ART.; TRANSPORT AB [1] Carbon monoxide reached record high levels in the northern extratropics in the late summer and fall of 1998 as a result of anomalously large boreal fires in eastern Russia and North America. We investigated the effects of these fires on CO and tropospheric oxidants using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and two independently derived inventories for the fire emissions that differ by a factor of two. We find that it is essential to use both surface and column observations of CO to constrain the magnitude of the fire emissions and their injection altitude. Our results show that the larger of the two inventories appears more reliable and that about half of the emissions were injected above the boundary layer. The boreal fire emissions cause a much larger enhancement in ozone when about half the emissions are released above the boundary layer than when they are released exclusively in the boundary layer, as a consequence of the role of PAN as a source of NOx as air descends in regions far from the fires. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Leung, FYT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fyl@io.harvard.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10313 DI 10.1029/2006JD008132 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AV UT WOS:000246846800013 ER PT J AU Miller, CE Crisp, D DeCola, PL Olsen, SC Randerson, JT Michalak, AM Alkhaled, A Rayner, P Jacob, DJ Suntharalingam, P Jones, DBA Denning, AS Nicholls, ME Doney, SC Pawson, S Boesch, H Connor, BJ Fung, IY O'Brien, D Salawitch, RJ Sander, SP Sen, B Tans, P Toon, GC Wennberg, PO Wofsy, SC Yung, YL Law, RM AF Miller, C. E. Crisp, D. DeCola, P. L. Olsen, S. C. Randerson, J. T. Michalak, A. M. Alkhaled, A. Rayner, P. Jacob, D. J. Suntharalingam, P. Jones, D. B. A. Denning, A. S. Nicholls, M. E. Doney, S. C. Pawson, S. Boesch, H. Connor, B. J. Fung, I. Y. O'Brien, D. Salawitch, R. J. Sander, S. P. Sen, B. Tans, P. Toon, G. C. Wennberg, P. O. Wofsy, S. C. Yung, Y. L. Law, R. M. TI Precision requirements for space-based X-CO2 data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMPIRICAL AGE SPECTRA; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; 3-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATION; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC AB [1] Precision requirements are determined for space-based column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (X-CO2) data. These requirements result from an assessment of spatial and temporal gradients in X-CO2, the relationship between X-CO2 precision and surface CO2 flux uncertainties inferred from inversions of the X-CO2 data, and the effects of X-CO2 biases on the fidelity of CO2 flux inversions. Observational system simulation experiments and synthesis inversion modeling demonstrate that the Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission design and sampling strategy provide the means to achieve these X-CO2 data precision requirements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Omakau, New Zealand. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Miller, CE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM charles.e.miller@jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X NR 58 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10314 DI 10.1029/2006JD007659 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AV UT WOS:000246846800004 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF DiLorenzo, JP McComas, DJ Young, DT Crary, FJ Delapp, D Reisenfeld, DB Andre, N AF Thomsen, M. F. DiLorenzo, J. P. McComas, D. J. Young, D. T. Crary, F. J. Delapp, D. Reisenfeld, D. B. Andre, N. TI Assessment of the magnetospheric contribution to the suprathermal ions in Saturn's foreshock region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; STATE HEAVY-IONS; UPSTREAM REGION; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SOLAR-WIND; PLASMA; LEAKAGE; SPECTROMETER; JUPITER; EVENT AB [1] Nineteen months of Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measurements are surveyed for episodes of suprathermal ions upstream from Saturn's bow shock. A total of 45 hours of mass-resolved observations are obtained. Suprathermal ions ( between 3 and 50 keV/q) in Saturn's foreshock are found to be dominantly comprised of H(+) and ions with m/q = 2, presumably solar wind He(++), with no detectable contribution from magnetospheric water group ions. In light of the dominant contribution of water group ions to the hot plasma of the outer magnetosphere, it thus appears that magnetospheric leakage is not a significant source of upstream ions in this energy range. One implication is that the more energetic O(+) ions reported recently most likely originate from direct leakage of already-energized magnetospheric particles, rather than from their upstream acceleration by bow shock-related processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, Instrumentat & Space Res Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury, England. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mthomsen@lanl.gov RI Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05220 DI 10.1029/2006JA012084 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173CE UT WOS:000246850300006 ER PT J AU Karagiosis, SA Karin, NJ AF Karagiosis, Sue A. Karin, Norman J. TI Lysophosphatidic acid induces osteocyte dendrite outgrowth SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE osteocytes; dendrite; lysophosphatidic acid; LPA receptors; cytoskeleton ID OSTEOBLASTIC CELLS; LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID RECEPTORS; G(I) PROTEINS; FLUID-FLOW; EXPRESSION; MLO-Y4; BONE; SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE; DIFFERENTIATION; JUNCTIONS AB Osteocytes elaborate an extensive mechanosensory network in bone matrix and communicate intercellularly via gap junctions established at dendrite termini. We developed a method to measure osteocyte dendritogenesis in vitro using a modified transwell assay and determined that the lipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent stimulator of dendrite outgrowth in MLO-Y4 osteocytes. The stimulatory effects were dose-dependent with maximal outgrowth observed within a physiological range of LPA. LPA-treated osteocytes exhibited distinct rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and a more stellate morphology than control cells. LPA also promoted osteocyte chemotaxis, suggesting a shared molecular mechanism between dendrite outgrowth and cell motility. The LPA-induced increase in dendrite formation was blocked by the specific LPA-receptor antagonist Ki16425 and by pertussis toxin. Bone cells in vivo encounter platelet-derived LPA in regions of bone damage, and we postulate that this lipid factor is important for re-establishing osteocyte connectivity during fracture repair. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Karin, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Norman.Karin@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.121 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 161PW UT WOS:000246028800032 PM 17418103 ER PT J AU Greeley, J Norskov, JK AF Greeley, J. Norskov, J. K. TI Electrochemical dissolution of surface alloys in acids: Thermodynamic trends from first-principles calculations SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE leaching; dissolution; stripping; surface alloys; acids; density functional theory; underpotential deposition; fuel cells ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL; CO; ADSORPTION; ENERGIES; KINETICS AB A simple procedure is introduced to use periodic Density Functional Theory calculations to estimate trends in the thermodynamics of surface alloy dissolution in acidic media. With this approach, the dissolution potentials for solute metal atoms embedded in the surface layer of various host metals (referenced to the dissolution potential of the solute in its pure, metallic form) are calculated. Periodic trends in the calculated potentials are found to be related to trends in surface segregation energies of the various solute/host pairs. The effects of water splitting and concomitant hydroxyl adsorption on the dissolution potentials are also considered; these effects do not change the potentials for highly oxophilic solutes embedded in less active hosts, but they do decrease the dissolution potential for more inert solutes on oxophilic hosts. Finally, the dissolution of Pt "skin" layers from Pt(3)X (X = Fe, Co, and Ni) bulk alloys is analyzed; the Pt skins are found to be stabilized compared to pure Pt. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greeley, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM jgreeley@anl.gov RI Norskov, Jens/D-2539-2017 OI Norskov, Jens/0000-0002-4427-7728 NR 35 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5829 EP 5836 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.082 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 174YM UT WOS:000246978800008 ER PT J AU Lu, W Belharouak, I Park, SH Sun, YK Amine, K AF Lu, W. Belharouak, I. Park, S. H. Sun, Y. K. Amine, K. TI Isothermal calorimetry investigation of Li1+xMn2-yAlzO4 spinel SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lithium ion batteries; manganese spinel; doping; thermal safety; entropy change; calorimetry ID LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE; IN-SITU; ION CELLS; LIXMN2O4; SAFETY AB The heat generation of LiMn2O4, Lil(1.56)Mn(1.844)O(4), and Li1.06Mn1.89Al0.05O4 spinel cathode materials in a half-cell system was investigated by isothermal micro-calorimetry (IMC). The heat variations of the Li/LiMn2O4 cell during charging were attributed to the LiMn2O4 phase transition and order/disorder changes. This heat variation was largely suppressed when the stoichiometric spinel was doped with excess lithium or lithium and aluminum. The calculated entropy change (dE/dT) from the IMC confirmed that the order/disorder change of LiMn2O4, which occurs in the middle of the charge, was largely suppressed with lithium or lithium and aluminum doping. The dE/dT values obtained did not agree between the charge and the discharge at room temperature (25 degrees C), which was attributed to cell self-discharge. This discrepancy was not observed at low temperature (10 degrees C). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results showed that the fully charged spinel with lithium doping has better thermal stability. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hanyang Univ, Div Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wlu@greatbatch.com; amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5837 EP 5842 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.005 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 174YM UT WOS:000246978800009 ER PT J AU Walter, WR Mayeda, K Malagnini, L Scognamiglio, L AF Walter, William R. Mayeda, Kevin Malagnini, Luca Scognamiglio, Laura TI Regional body-wave attenuation using a coda source normalization method: Application to MEDNET records of earthquakes in Italy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; SOURCE SPECTRA; GROUND-MOTION; MOMENT; LITHOSPHERE; MAGNITUDES; ENERGY AB [1] We develop a new methodology to determine apparent attenuation for the regional seismic phases Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg using coda-derived source spectra. The apparent Q, combining path and site attenuation, is determined from the difference between the geometrical spreading-corrected amplitude and the independently determined source spectra derived from the coda methodology. We apply the technique to 50 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4 in central Italy as recorded by MEDNET broadband stations around the Mediterranean at local-to-regional distances. A power law attenuation of the form Q(f) = Q(o)f(gamma) fit all the phases quite well over the 0.5 to 8 Hz band. The measured apparent Q values are quite repeatable from event to event. Finding the attenuation function in this manner guarantees a close match between inferred source spectra from direct waves and coda techniques. This is important if coda and direct wave amplitudes are to produce consistent seismic results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Walter, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div L205, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bwalter@llnl.gov RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013; Scognamiglio, Laura/F-4656-2014 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; Scognamiglio, Laura/0000-0002-5437-5276 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 AR L10308 DI 10.1029/2007GL029990 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 173AM UT WOS:000246845900004 ER PT J AU Isailovic, S Li, HW Yeung, ES AF Isailovic, Slavica Li, Hung-Wing Yeung, Edward S. TI Adsorption of single DNA molecules at the water/fused-silica interface SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography/3rd GC x GC Symopium CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2006 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY DE adsorption; DNA; fused-silica; single-molecule ID CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; DYNAMICS AB We applied total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to study intermolecular interactions at the water/fused-silica interface at the sm-le-molecule level. Real-time molecular motion at the interface was recorded to reveal adsorption behavior and conformational dynamics of three DNAs with sticky ends of different numbers of impaired bases. Features of DNA motion at the interface, such as evanescent-field residence time, linear velocity and frequency of adsorption/desorption events were measured to assess the relative affinities of the oligonucleotides for the surface. The general trend of stronger interaction with the surface for longer sticky ends confirmed hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding as the driving forces of DNA adsorption to fused-silica at pH5. For DNAs of different sizes, different conformational dynamics and the accessibility of sticky ends give rise to a nonlinear relationship with respect to affinity. Such information may prove valuable for chromatography studies as well as for the design of DNA microarrays and drug delivery systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov OI Li, Hung Wing/0000-0003-4840-1965 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 1150 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.093 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 175YF UT WOS:000247049200035 PM 17054967 ER PT J AU Pei, SP Zhao, JM Sun, YS Xu, ZH Wang, SY Liu, HB Rowe, CA Toksoz, MN Gao, X AF Pei, Shunping Zhao, Junmeng Sun, Youshun Xu, Zhonghuai Wang, Suyun Liu, Hongbing Rowe, Charlotte A. Toksoez, M. Nafi Gao, Xing TI Upper mantle seismic velocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn and Sn tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; SURROUNDING REGIONS; SOUTHWESTERN CHINA; SOUTHERN TIBET; BENEATH CHINA; CRUST; EVOLUTION; WESTERN; ASIA AB [1] We have obtained velocity images of the uppermost mantle beneath China by performing tomographic inversion of both Pn and Sn traveltimes. From the Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes, 99,139 Pn arrivals and 43,646 Sn arrivals were selected. Pn anisotropy was also obtained simultaneously with Pn velocity. Average Pn and Sn velocities are 8.05 and 4.55 km/s, respectively, and maximum velocity perturbations are about 3 - 4%. The Pn and Sn velocities are low in eastern China and high in western China. Particularly high velocities are associated with old basins ( for example, Tarim, Junggar, Turpan-Hami, Qaidam, and Sichuan) and stable craton ( for example, Ordos). Low Sn velocities are found mainly throughout North China. In addition, velocities are relatively low beneath the central Tibetan Plateau and the North-South Seismic Zone ( along 103 degrees E). In Tarim and central China where we observe strong anisotropy, the fast Pn velocity directions are consistent with the directions of maximum principal compressive stress as well as directions of crustal movement determined from Global Positioning System. Beneath the India-Eurasia collision zone, the Pn anisotropy direction is parallel to the collision arc and nearly perpendicular to both the direction of maximum compression and crustal movement resulting from pure shear deformation. Both the velocity variations and anisotropy indicate that the Tibetan Plateau was extruded, and the mantle material beneath the plateau has flowed around the East Himalaya Syntax, while the remaining material has diverted northwestward beneath the Tarim Basin. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Tibetan Plateau Uplift Proc & Environm Lab, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pei, SP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Tibetan Plateau Uplift Proc & Environm Lab, 18 Shunagqing Rd, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM peisp@itpcas.ac.cn OI Rowe, Charlotte/0000-0001-5803-0147 NR 56 TC 91 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B5 AR B05312 DI 10.1029/2006JB004409 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 173BY UT WOS:000246849700002 ER PT J AU Zachos, CK AF Zachos, Cosmas K. TI A classical bound on quantum entropy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; MECHANICS; COMMUNICATION; STATES AB A classical upper bound for quantum entropy is identified and illustrated, 0 <= S-q <= ln(e sigma(2)/2(h) over bar),involving the variance sigma(2) in phase space of the classical limit distribution of a given system. A fortiori, this further bounds the corresponding information-theoretical generalizations of the quantum entropy proposed by Renyi. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zachos, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zachos@hep.anl.gov RI zachos, cosmas/C-4366-2014 OI zachos, cosmas/0000-0003-4379-3875 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 21 BP F407 EP F412 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/21/F02 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 168XB UT WOS:000246556200002 ER PT J AU Weber, AZ Darling, RM AF Weber, Adam Z. Darling, Robert M. TI Understanding porous water-transport plates in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE polymer-electrolyte fuel cell; model; water-transport plate; water management; model ID LIQUID WATER; MANAGEMENT; HUMIDIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB In this article, numerical simulations are used to compare polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) with porous flow-field plates to cells with conventional solid plates. The model clarifies the role of the porous plates in humidifying dry reactant streams and managing liquid water. The influence of gas-diffusion-layer (GDL) and bipolar-plate properties and coolant vacuum on the behavior of the cell is investigated. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UTC Power, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1 SI SI BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.02.078 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 171OQ UT WOS:000246745700026 ER PT J AU Simner, SP Anderson, MD Templeton, JW Stevenson, JW AF Simner, Steven P. Anderson, Michael D. Templeton, Jared W. Stevenson, Jeffry W. TI Silver-perovskite composite SOFC cathodes processed via mechanofusion SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; SOFC; cathode; silver; mechanofusion AB Atomized silver spheres (approximate to 20-50 lint diameter) were coated with I mu m thick layers of (La0.6Sr0.4)(0.98)Co0.2Fe0.8O3 or SMO.5Sro.5CO03 via a mechanofusion dry processing method. The materials were subsequently assessed as solid oxide fuel cell cathodes on anode-supported YSZ electrolytes at 650-750 degrees C. The materials were subject to significant electrochemical conditioning during initial cell operation, and factors, such as temperature and operating voltage, affecting the conditioning rate are discussed. Post-conditioned power densities (at 0.7 V) were typically 550-650, 400-450 and 300-350 mW cm(-2) at 750, 700 and 650 degrees C, respectively. Though power degradation rates of approximate to 7.5 and 4.5 % (per 1000 h) were observed at 750 and 700 degrees C, respectively, no degradation was detected over almost 2000h of testing at 650 degrees C. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Mat Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stevenson, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Mat Div, K2-44,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jeff.stevenson@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1 SI SI BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.029 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 171OQ UT WOS:000246745700031 ER PT J AU Hong, SG Lee, SB Byun, TS AF Hong, Seong-Gu Lee, Soon-Bok Byun, Thak-Sang TI Temperature effect on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of type 316L stainless steel: Cyclic non-stabilization and an invariable fatigue parameter SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cyclic non-stabilization; dynamic strain aging; plasticity-induced martensite transformation; dynamic recovery; fatigue parameter; 316L stainless steel ID TENSILE; MODEL AB The temperature effect on the cyclic non-stabilization of cold-worked 316L stainless steel during low-cycle fatigue deformation was investigated. The material underwent additional cyclic hardening at room temperature and in the temperature range of 250-600 degrees C; the hardening at room temperature came from plasticity-induced martensite transformation and the hardening in the temperature range of 250-600 degrees C was attributed to dynamic strain aging. These hardening mechanisms competed with the cyclic softening induced by dynamic recovery, which is generally predominant in cold-worked materials, and this led to the cyclic non-stabilization of the material. Three fatigue parameters: the stress amplitude, plastic strain amplitude and plastic strain energy density, were evaluated to find an invariable fatigue parameter. The results revealed that the plastic strain energy density was stabilized at the early stage of fatigue life and nearly invariant through the entire life. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Hong, SG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsg@kaist.ac.kr RI Lee, Soon-Bok/C-1977-2011 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.035 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ES UT WOS:000246216900022 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PDA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Chauveau, J Briand, H David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Barate, R. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Couderc, F. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Charles, E. Gill, M. S. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Wenzel, W. A. Sanchez, P. del amo Barrett, M. Ford, K. E. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Morgan, S. E. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Peters, K. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Best, D. S. Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Mommsen, R. K. Roethel, W. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Wang, K. Zhang, L. Hadavand, H. K. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Nesom, G. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Spradlin, P. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Albert, J. Chen, E. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Ryd, A. Samuel, A. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Ruddick, W. O. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Grenier, P. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Capra, R. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Brandenburg, G. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Bhimji, W. Bowerman, D. A. Dauncey, P. D. Egede, U. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. 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CA Babar Collaboration TI Evidence of a broad structure at an invariant mass of 4.32 GeV/c(2) in the reaction e(+)e(-)->pi(+)pi(-)psi(2S) measured at BABAR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Y(4260) AB We present a measurement of the cross section of the process e(+)e(-)->pi(+)pi(-)psi(2S) from threshold up to 8 GeV center-of-mass energy using events containing initial-state radiation, produced at the SLAC PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage rings. The study is based on 298 fb(-1) of data recorded with the BABAR detector. A structure is observed in the cross section not far above threshold, near 4.32 GeV. We also investigate the compatibility of this structure with the Y(4260) previously reported by this experiment. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; NR 18 TC 168 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA Babar Collaboration TI Evidence for D-0-(D)over-bar(0) mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CABIBBO-SUPPRESSED DECAYS; SEARCH; D-0; OSCILLATIONS; DETECTOR; PARTICLE AB We present evidence for D-0-(D) over bar (0) mixing in D-0 -> K+pi(-) decays from 384 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) colliding-beam data recorded near root s=10.6 GeV with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We find the mixing parameters x('2)=[-0.22 +/- 0.30(stat)+/- 0.21(syst)]x10(-3) and y(')=[9.7 +/- 4.4(stat)+/- 3.1(syst)]x10(-3) and a correlation between them of -0.95. This result is inconsistent with the no-mixing hypothesis with a significance of 3.9 standard deviations. We measure R-D, the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed to Cabibbo-favored decay rates, to be [0.303 +/- 0.016(stat)+/- 0.010(syst)]%. We find no evidence for CP violation. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965 NR 24 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, 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Pan, Y. Prepost, R. Tan, P. von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA Babar Collaboration TI Measurement of branching fractions and mass spectra of B -> K pi pi gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We present a measurement of the partial branching fractions and mass spectra of the exclusive radiative penguin processes B -> K pi pi gamma in the range m(K pi pi)< 1.8 GeV/c(2). We reconstruct four final states: K+pi(-)pi(+)gamma, K+pi(-)pi(0)gamma, K-S(0)pi(-)pi(+)gamma, and K-S(0)pi(+)pi(0)gamma, where K-S(0)->pi(+)pi(-). Using 232x10(6) e(+)e(-)-> B (B) over bar events recorded by the BABAR experiment at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy storage ring, we measure the branching fractions B(B+-> K+pi(-)pi(+)gamma)=[2.95 +/- 0.13(stat)+/- 0.20(syst)]x10(-5), B(B-0 -> K+pi(-)pi(0)gamma)=[4.07 +/- 0.22(stat)+/- 0.31(syst)]x10(-5), B(B-0 -> K-0 pi(+)pi(-)gamma)=[1.85 +/- 0.21(stat)+/- 0.12(syst)]x10(-5), and B(B+-> K-0 pi(+)pi(0)gamma)=[4.56 +/- 0.42(stat)+/- 0.31(syst)]x10(-5). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. 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Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 211804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.211804 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100016 PM 17677766 ER PT J AU Krasovskii, EE Rossnagel, K Fedorov, A Schattke, W Kipp, L AF Krasovskii, E. E. Rossnagel, K. Fedorov, A. Schattke, W. Kipp, L. TI Determination of the hole lifetime from photoemission: Ti 3d states in TiTe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The electron hole spectral width Gamma(h) of Ti 3d states in layered TiTe2 and the inverse lifetime V-i of the photoelectron final states are determined from experiment within the one-step theory of photoemission. The condition for the possibility of separating the effects of Gamma(h) and V-i is a strongly non-free-electron character of the final states. The resulting drastic changes of the line shape with photon energy are experimentally observed and explained by an ab initio theory. A nonmonotonic dependence of V-i on the final-state energy is observed; it is shown to reveal the real space structure of the complex electron self-energy. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Krasovskii, EE (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Krasovskii, Eugene/F-4722-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 217604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.217604 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100059 PM 17677809 ER PT J AU Lee, HN Nakhmanson, SM Chisholm, MF Christen, HM Rabe, KM Vanderbilt, D AF Lee, Ho Nyung Nakhmanson, Serge M. Chisholm, Matthew F. Christen, Hans M. Rabe, Karin M. Vanderbilt, David TI Suppressed dependence of polarization on epitaxial strain in highly polar ferroelectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM FERROELECTRICS; COERCIVE FIELD; THICKNESS; ENHANCEMENT; SRTIO3; SUPERLATTICES AB A combined experimental and computational investigation of coupling between polarization and epitaxial strain in highly polar ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) thin films is reported. A comparison of the properties of relaxed (tetragonality c/a approximate to 1.05) and highly strained (c/a approximate to 1.09) epitaxial films shows that polarization, while being amongst the highest reported for PZT or PbTiO3 in either film or bulk forms P-r approximate to 82 mu C/cm(2)), is almost independent of the epitaxial strain. We attribute this behavior to a suppressed sensitivity of the A-site cations to epitaxial strain in these Pb-based perovskites, where the ferroelectric displacements are already large, contrary to the case of less polar perovskites, such as BaTiO3. In the latter case, the A-site cation (Ba) and equatorial oxygen displacements can lead to substantial polarization increases. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Lee, HN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnlee@ornl.gov RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Nakhmanson, Serge/A-6329-2014; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 NR 32 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 217602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.217602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100057 PM 17677807 ER PT J AU Mazzocchi, C Grzywacz, R Liddick, SN Rykaczewski, KP Schatz, H Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Hamilton, JH Hwang, JK Ilyushkin, S Korgul, A Krolas, W Li, K Page, RD Simpson, D Winger, JA AF Mazzocchi, C. Grzywacz, R. Liddick, S. N. Rykaczewski, K. P. Schatz, H. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Gross, C. J. Hamilton, J. H. Hwang, J. K. Ilyushkin, S. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Li, K. Page, R. D. Simpson, D. Winger, J. A. TI alpha decay of I-109 and its implications for the proton decay of Sb-105 and the astrophysical rapid proton-capture process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIP-LINE; RP-PROCESS; END-POINT; RADIOACTIVITY; NUCLEI; SN-100; ISOTOPES; SPECTROSCOPY; SEPARATION; REGION AB An alpha-decay branch of (1.4 +/- 0.4)x10(-4) has been discovered in the decay of I-109, which predominantly decays via proton emission. The measured Q(alpha) value of 3918 +/- 21 keV allows the indirect determination of the Q value for proton emission from Sb-105 of 356 +/- 22 keV, which is approximately of 130 keV more bound than previously reported. This result is relevant for the astrophysical rapid proton-capture process, which would terminate in the Sn-105(p,gamma)Sb-106(p,gamma)Te-107(alpha decay)Sn-103 cycle at the densities expected in explosive hydrogen burning scenarios, unless unusually strong pairing effects result in a Sn-103(p,gamma)Sb-104(p,gamma)Te-105(alpha decay)Sn-101) cycle. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Milan, IFGA, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconduncting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Joint Inst Heavy Ion React, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Nucl, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Mazzocchi, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.212501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100019 PM 17677769 ER PT J AU Moreo, A Scalapino, DJ AF Moreo, Adriana Scalapino, D. J. TI Cold attractive spin polarized Fermi lattice gases and the doped positive U Hubbard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; HARTREE-FOCK; MAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD AB Experiments on polarized fermion gases performed by trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices allow the study of an attractive Hubbard model for which the strength of the on-site interaction is tuned by means of a Feshbach resonance. Using a well-known particle-hole transformation we discuss how results obtained for this system can be reinterpreted in the context of a doped repulsive Hubbard model. In particular, we show that the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state corresponds to the striped state of the two-dimensional doped positive U Hubbard model. We then use the results of numerical studies of the striped state to relate the periodicity of the FFLO state to the spin polarization. We also comment on the relationship of the d(x)(2)-y(2) superconducting phase of the doped 2D repulsive Hubbard model to a d-wave spin density wave state for the attractive case. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Moreo, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 216402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.216402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100041 PM 17677791 ER PT J AU Wang, J Cotoros, I Dani, KM Liu, X Furdyna, JK Chemla, DS AF Wang, J. Cotoros, I. Dani, K. M. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. Chemla, D. S. TI Ultrafast enhancement of ferromagnetism via photoexcited holes in GaMnAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOOPTICS; NICKEL AB We report on the observation of ultrafast photoenhanced ferromagnetism in GaMnAs. It is manifested as a transient magnetization increase on a 100 ps time scale, after an initial subpicosecond demagnetization. The dynamic magnetization enhancement exhibits a maximum below the Curie temperature T-c and dominates the demagnetization component when approaching T-c. We attribute the observed ultrafast collective ordering to the p-d exchange interaction between photoexcited holes and Mn spins, leading to a correlation-induced peak around 20 K and a transient increase in T-c. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dani, Keshav/B-7490-2015 OI Dani, Keshav/0000-0003-3917-6305 NR 21 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 217401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.217401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100054 PM 17677804 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Owens, JF Wang, E Wang, XN AF Zhang, Hanzhong Owens, Joseph F. Wang, Enke Wang, Xin-Nian TI Dihadron tomography of high-energy nuclear collisions in next-to-leading order perturbative QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRON SPECTRA AB Dihadron spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD parton model with modified jet fragmentation functions due to jet quenching. High-p(T) back-to-back dihadrons are found to originate mainly from jet pairs produced close and tangential to the surface of the dense matter. However, a substantial fraction also comes from jets produced at the center with finite energy loss. Consequently, high-p(T) dihadron spectra are found to be more sensitive to the initial gluon density than the single hadron spectra that are more dominated by surface emission. A simultaneous chi(2) fit to both the single and dihadron spectra can be achieved within a range of the energy loss parameter epsilon(0)=1.6-2.1 GeV/fm. Because of the flattening of the initial jet production spectra at root s=5.5 TeV, high p(T) dihadrons are found to be more robust as probes of the dense medium. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, HZ (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 23 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 212301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.212301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100018 PM 17677768 ER PT J AU Matus, MH Anderson, KD Camaioni, DM Autrey, ST Dixon, DA AF Matus, Myrna H. Anderson, Kevin D. Camaioni, Donald M. Autrey, S. Thomas Dixon, David A. TI Reliable predictions of the thermochemistry of boron-nitrogen hydrogen storage compounds: BxNxHy, x=2, 3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE THEORY; DIATOMIC DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; INITIO DIRECT DYNAMICS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; BASIS-SETS AB Thermochemical data calculated using ab initio molecular orbital theory are reported for 16 BxNxHy compounds with x = 2, 3 and y >= 2x. Accurate gas-phase heats of formation were obtained using coupled cluster with single and double excitations and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) valence electron calculations extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit with additional corrections including core/valence, scalar relativistic, and spin-orbit corrections to predict the atomization energies and scaled harmonic frequencies to correct for zero point and thermal energies and estimate entropies. Computationally cheaper calculations were also performed using the G3MP2 and G3B3 variants of the Gaussian 03 method, as well as density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP functional. The G3MP2 heats of formation are too positive by up to similar to 6 kcal/mol as compared with CCSD(T)/CBS values. The more expensive G3B3 method predicts heats of formation that are too negative as compared with the CCSD(T)/CBS values by up to 3-4 kcal/mol. DFT using the B3LYP functional and 6-311+G** basis set predict isodesmic reaction energies to within a few kcal/mol compared with the CCSD(T)/CBS method so isodesmic reactions involving BN compounds and the analogous hydrocarbons can be used to estimate heats of formation. Heats of formation of c-B3N3H12 and c-B3N3H6 are -95.5 and -115.5 kcal/mol at 298 K, respectively, using our best calculated CCSD(T)/CBS approach. The experimental value for c-B3N3H6 appears to be similar to 7 kcal/mol too negative. Enthalpies, entropies, and free energies are calculated for many dehydrocoupling and dehydrogenation reactions that convert BNH6 to alicyclic and cyclic oligomers and H-2(g). Generally, the reactions are highly exothermic and exergonic as well because of the release of 1 or more equivalents of H-2(g). For c-B3N3H12 and c-B3N3H6, available experimental data for sublimation and vaporization lead to estimates of their condensed phase 298 K heats of formation: Delta H-f degrees[c-B3N3H12(s)] = -124 kcal/mol and Delta H-f degrees[c-B3N3H6(l)] = -123 kcal/mol. The reaction thermochemistries for the dehydrocoupling of BNH6(s) to c-B3N3H12(s) and the dehydrogenation of c-B3N3H12(s) to c-B3N3H6(l) are much less exothermic compared with the gas-phase reactions due to intermolecular forces which decrease in the order BNH6 > cyclo-B3N3H12 > cyclo-B3N3H6. The condensed phase reaction free energies are less negative compared with the gas-phase reactions but are still too favorable for BNH6 to be regenerated from either c-B3N3H12 or c-B3N3H6 by just an overpressure of H-2. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Mol Sci Comp Facil, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 99 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 20 BP 4411 EP 4421 DI 10.1021/jp070931y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 169CC UT WOS:000246569300038 PM 17444621 ER PT J AU Adiga, SP Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Adiga, S. P. Zapol, P. Curtiss, L. A. TI Structure and morphology of hydroxylated amorphous alumina surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; MEMBRANES; MODELS; AL2O3; OXIDE AB The effect of hydroxylation on the surface structure of amorphous alumina is investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the hydroxylated amorphous alumina surface is terminated by hydroxyl groups singly and doubly coordinated to aluminum. Root-mean-square roughness calculations and density profiles across the film indicate that hydroxylated surfaces are rougher than non-hydroxylated surfaces. The power spectrum identifies different vibrational stretching frequencies for the singly and doubly coordinated surface OH groups. The role of the surface OH groups in surface reactivity is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adiga, SP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM spadiga@anl.gov; zapol@anl.gov RI Adiga, Shashishekar/A-8353-2008; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 20 BP 7422 EP 7429 DI 10.1021/jp0701035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 169CH UT WOS:000246569800027 ER EF