FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Xu, Y Marbach, H Imbihl, R Kevrekidis, IG Mavrikakis, M AF Xu, Ye Marbach, Hubertus Imbihl, Ronald Kevrekidis, Ioannis G. Mavrikakis, Manos TI The effect of coadsorbed oxygen on the adsorption and diffusion of potassium on Rh(110): A first-principles study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ADSORBATE-ADSORBATE INTERACTIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CATALYTIC METAL-SURFACE; H-2+O-2 REACTION; ALKALI-METAL; MOLECULAR ADSORPTION; FRONT PROPAGATION; MASS-TRANSPORT AB The adsorption and diffusion of potassium and oxygen on Rh(110), as well as the coadsorption of K and O and its effect on K diffusion, have been studied using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations (PW91-GGA). On both the nonreconstructed (1 x 1) and the missing-row (MR) reconstructed surfaces, O prefers the short bridge site at low coverage, with a binding energy of ca. -5.2 eV at (1)/(4) ML. At theta(O) > (1)/(2) ML, O atoms occupy alternating threefold sites along the ridge and form a zigzag pattern. Interaction with the ridge sites is enhanced by the MR reconstruction. Potassium prefers to be in the trough, with a binding energy of -2.3 eV on the (1 x 1) surface and -2.9 eV on the MR surface at (1)/(8) ML. Thus, the adsorption of both O and K at low to medium coverage promotes the MR reconstruction. The coadsorption of K and O enhances the binding energy of K to a maximum of -3.6 eV at the highest oxygen coverage studied, 1(3)/(8) ML. Oxygen adsorption is also stabilized by K, though to a smaller extent on a per-O-atom basis. On both surfaces, K prefers to diffuse in the [1 (1) over bar0] direction with a barrier of ca. 0.05 eV. Oxygen diffusion also prefers the [1 (1) over bar0] direction on the MR surface but is not clearly anisotropic on the (1 x 1) surface. The barrier to O diffusion ranges from 0.6-0.8 eV depending on the coverage and reconstruction. In the presence of coadsorbed O, the diffusion barrier of K tops out at ca. 0.12 eV, much lower than earlier estimates based on mean-field models. Possible reasons for this apparent contradiction are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, PACM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem & Elektrochem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophae Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mavrikakis, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM manos@engr.wisc.edu RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009; Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012; Marbach, Hubertus, Marbach/A-6002-2014 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832; Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356; Marbach, Hubertus, Marbach/0000-0002-1982-9690 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 20 BP 7446 EP 7455 DI 10.1021/jp070654v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 169CH UT WOS:000246569800030 ER PT J AU Westfall, C AF Westfall, Catherine TI Oppenheimer: The tragic intellect SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westfall, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Sch Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7143 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1038/447379a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 170VA UT WOS:000246693100020 ER PT J AU Klimov, VI Ivanov, SA Nanda, J Achermann, M Bezel, I McGuire, JA Piryatinski, A AF Klimov, Victor I. Ivanov, Sergei A. Nanda, Jagjit Achermann, Marc Bezel, Ilya McGuire, John A. Piryatinski, Andrei TI Single-exciton optical gain in semiconductor nanocrystals SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM DOTS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; CONFINEMENT; ENERGY AB Nanocrystal quantum dots have favourable light-emitting properties. They show photoluminescence with high quantum yields, and their emission colours depend on the nanocrystal size - owing to the quantum-confinement effect - and are therefore tunable. However, nanocrystals are difficult to use in optical amplification and lasing. Because of an almost exact balance between absorption and stimulated emission in nanoparticles excited with single electron - hole pairs (excitons), optical gain can only occur in nanocrystals that contain at least two excitons. A complication associated with this multiexcitonic nature of light amplification is fast optical-gain decay induced by non-radiative Auger recombination, a process in which one exciton recombines by transferring its energy to another. Here we demonstrate a practical approach for obtaining optical gain in the single-exciton regime that eliminates the problem of Auger decay. Specifically, we develop core/ shell hetero-nanocrystals engineered in such a way as to spatially separate electrons and holes between the core and the shell (type-II heterostructures). The resulting imbalance between negative and positive charges produces a strong local electric field, which induces a giant (similar to 100 meV or greater) transient Stark shift of the absorption spectrum with respect to the luminescence line of singly excited nanocrystals. This effect breaks the exact balance between absorption and stimulated emission, and allows us to demonstrate optical amplification due to single excitons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov RI Piryatinski, Andrei/B-5543-2009; Ivanov, Sergei/B-5505-2011; Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011; McGuire, John/C-3380-2015; OI Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309; McGuire, John/0000-0002-0682-0953; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 22 TC 565 Z9 571 U1 24 U2 275 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7143 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1038/nature05839 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 170VA UT WOS:000246693100040 PM 17522678 ER PT J AU Sawaya, MR Sambashivan, S Nelson, R Ivanova, MI Sievers, SA Apostol, MI Thompson, MJ Balbirnie, M Wiltzius, JJW McFarlane, HT Madsen, AO Riekel, C Eisenberg, D AF Sawaya, Michael R. Sambashivan, Shilpa Nelson, Rebecca Ivanova, Magdalena I. Sievers, Stuart A. Apostol, Marcin I. Thompson, Michael J. Balbirnie, Melinda Wiltzius, Jed J. W. McFarlane, Heather T. Madsen, Anders O. Riekel, Christian Eisenberg, David TI Atomic structures of amyloid cross-beta spines reveal varied steric zippers SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; URE2P PRION FILAMENTS; FIBRIL FORMATION; SEEDING SPECIFICITY; FORMING PEPTIDE; SHEET STRUCTURE; CORE STRUCTURE; MODEL; DIVERSITY; PROTEINS AB Amyloid fibrils formed from different proteins, each associated with a particular disease, contain a common cross-beta spine. The atomic architecture of a spine, from the fibril-forming segment GNNQQNY of the yeast prion protein Sup35, was recently revealed by X-ray microcrystallography. It is a pair of beta-sheets, with the facing side chains of the two sheets interdigitated in a dry 'steric zipper'. Here we report some 30 other segments from fibril-forming proteins that form amyloid-like fibrils, microcrystals, or usually both. These include segments from the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta and tau proteins, the PrP prion protein, insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide ( IAPP), lysozyme, myoglobin, alpha-synuclein and beta(2)-microglobulin, suggesting that common structural features are shared by amyloid diseases at the molecular level. Structures of 13 of these microcrystals all reveal steric zippers, but with variations that expand the range of atomic architectures for amyloid-like fibrils and offer an atomic-level hypothesis for the basis of prion strains. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Crystallog Studies, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Madsen, Anders/B-4760-2015; OI Madsen, Anders/0000-0001-5422-8076; Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 NR 46 TC 1119 Z9 1133 U1 25 U2 268 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7143 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1038/nature05695 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 170VA UT WOS:000246693100042 PM 17468747 ER PT J AU Szobota, S Gorostiza, P Del Bene, F Wyart, C Fortin, DL Kolstad, KD Tulyathan, O Volgraf, M Numano, R Aaron, HL Scott, EK Kramer, RH Flannery, J Baier, H Trauner, D Isacoff, EY AF Szobota, Stephanie Gorostiza, Pau Del Bene, Filippo Wyart, Claire Fortin, Doris L. Kolstad, Kathleen D. Tulyathan, Orapim Volgraf, Matthew Numano, Rika Aaron, Holly L. Scott, Ethan K. Kramer, Richard H. Flannery, John Baier, Herwig Trauner, Dirk Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI Remote control of neuronal activity with a light-gated glutamate receptor SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID NEURAL CIRCUITRY; INDUCED ACTIVATION; VISUAL RESPONSES; TRANSGENIC MICE; EXCITABLE CELLS; OPTICAL CONTROL; BOUND AGONISTS; ION CHANNELS; IN-VIVO; ZEBRAFISH AB The ability to stimulate select neurons in isolated tissue and in living animals is important for investigating their role in circuits and behavior. We show that the engineered light-gated ionotropic glutamate receptor (LiGluR), when introduced into neurons, enables remote control of their activity. Trains of action potentials are optimally evoked and extinguished by 380 nm and 500 nm light, respectively, while intermediate wavelengths provide graded control over the amplitude of depolarization. Light pulses of 1-5 ms in duration at similar to 380 nm trigger precisely timed action potentials and EPSP-like responses or can evoke sustained depolarizations that persist for minutes in the dark until extinguished by a short pulse of similar to 500 nm light. When introduced into sensory neurons in zebrafish larvae, activation of LiGluR reversibly blocks the escape response to touch. Our studies show that LiGluR provides robust control over neuronal activity, enabling the dissection and manipulation of neural circuitry in vivo. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, Program Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu RI Scott, Ethan/F-6693-2015; Gorostiza, Pau/Q-2544-2015; Wyart, Claire/H-3783-2016; OI Gorostiza, Pau/0000-0002-7268-5577; Wyart, Claire/0000-0002-1668-4975; Fortin, Doris/0000-0002-2729-7890; Scott, Ethan/0000-0003-3150-9216; del bene, filippo/0000-0001-8551-2846 NR 42 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 33 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0896-6273 J9 NEURON JI Neuron PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.010 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 174VL UT WOS:000246970800009 PM 17521567 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Lacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Lacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H.-P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Jet-radius dependence of inclusive-jet cross sections in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; DIJET PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS AB Differential inclusive-jet cross sections have been measured for different jet radii in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering for boson virtualities Q(2) > 125 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 81.7 pb(-1). Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k(T) cluster algorithm in the longitudinally inclusive mode for different values of the jet radius R. Differential cross sections are presented as functions of Q(2) and the jet transverse energy, E-T, B(jet). The dependence on R of the inclusive-jet cross section has been measured for Q(2) > 125 and 500 GeV2 and found to be linear with R in the range studied. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations give a good description of the measurements for 0.5 <= R <= 1. A value of alpha(s)(M-Z) has been extracted from the measurements of the inclusive-jet cross section d sigma/dQ(2) with R = 1 for Q(2) > 500 GeV2: alpha(s)(M-Z) = 0.1207 +0.0014(stat.)(-0.0033)(+0.0035)(exp.)(-0.0023)(+0.0022)(th.). The variation of alpha(s) with E-T, B(jet) is in a good agreement with the running of alpha(s) as predicted by QCD. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fiz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 649 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.039 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 172OM UT WOS:000246813600002 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P Scheibe, TD Wood, BD AF Tartakovsky, Alexandre M. Meakin, Paul Scheibe, Timothy D. Wood, Brian D. TI A smoothed particle hydrodynamics model for reactive transport and mineral precipitation in porous and fractured porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN; CHEMICAL DISSOLUTION; FLOW; SIMULATION; DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; FLUID; SOLIDIFICATION; EQUATIONS; GROWTH AB [ 1] A numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was used to simulate reactive transport and mineral precipitation in porous and fractured porous media. The stability and numerical accuracy of the SPH-based model was verified by comparing its results with analytical results and finite element numerical solutions. The numerical stability of the model was also verified by performing simulations with different time steps and different number of particles ( different resolutions). The model was used to study the effects of the Damkohler and Peclet numbers and pore-scale heterogeneity on reactive transport and the character of mineral precipitation and to estimate effective reaction coefficients and mass transfer coefficients. Depending on the combination of Damkohler and Peclet numbers the precipitation may be uniform throughout the porous domain or concentrated mainly at the boundaries where the solute is injected and along preferential flow paths. The effective reaction rate coefficient and mass transfer coefficient exhibited hysteretic behavior during the precipitation process as a result of changing pore geometry and solute distribution. The changes in porosity and fluid fluxes resulting from mineral precipitation were also investigated. It was found that the reduction in the fluid flux increases with increasing Damkohler number for any particular reduction in the porosity. The simulation results show that the SPH, Lagrangian particle method is an effective tool for studying pore-scale flow and transport. The particle nature of SPH models allows complex physical processes such as diffusion, reaction, and mineral precipitation to be modeled with relative ease. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Wood, Brian/K-4025-2012; Wood, Brian/J-8362-2013 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852 NR 56 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 AR W05437 DI 10.1029/2005WR004770 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 173CL UT WOS:000246851000001 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Davis, KJ Cook, BD Yi, CX Butler, MP Ricciuto, DM Bakwin, PS AF Wang, Weiguo Davis, Kenneth J. Cook, Bruce D. Yi, Chuixiang Butler, Martha P. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Bakwin, Peter S. TI Estimating daytime CO2 fluxes over a mixed forest from tall tower mixing ratio measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; STAND AGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; PERUVIAN AMAZON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-VAPOR AB [1] Difficulties in estimating terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes on regional scales have significantly limited our understanding of the global carbon cycle. This paper presents an effort to estimate daytime CO2 fluxes over a forested region on the scale of 50 km in northern Wisconsin, USA, using the tall-tower-based mixed layer (ML) budget method. Budget calculations were conducted for 2 years under fair-weather conditions as a case study. With long-term measurements of CO2 mixing ratio at a 447-m-tall tower, daytime regional CO2 fluxes were estimated on the seasonal scale, longer than in earlier studies. The flux derived from the budget method was intermediate among those derived from the eddy-covariance (EC) method at three towers in the region and overall closest to that derived from EC measurements at 396 m of the tall tower. The dormant season average daytime-integrated regional CO2 flux was about 0.35 +/- 0.18 gC m(-2). During the growing season, the monthly averaged daytime-integrated regional CO2 flux varied from -1.58 +/- 0.19 to -4.15 +/- 0.32 gC m(-2), suggesting that the region was a net sink of CO2 in the daytime. We also discussed the effects on theses estimates of neglecting horizontal advection, selecting for fair-weather conditions, and using single-location measurements. Daytime regional CO2 flux estimates from the ML budget method were comparable to those from three aggregation experiments. Differences in results from the different methods, however, suggest that more constraints are needed to estimate regional fluxes with more confidence. Despite uncertainties, our analyses indicate that it is feasible to estimate daytime regional CO2 fluxes on long timescales using tall tower measurements. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wang@met.psu.edu RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016 OI Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021 NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10308 DI 10.1029/2006JD007770 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173AR UT WOS:000246846400003 ER PT J AU Chen, M Pica, T Jiang, YB Li, P Yano, K Liu, JP Datye, AK Fan, HY AF Chen, Min Pica, Timothy Jiang, Ying-Bing Li, Peng Yano, Kazuaki Liu, J. Ping Datye, Abhaya K. Fan, Hongyou TI Synthesis and self-assembly of fcc phase FePt nanorods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; CDSE AB We report a synthesis of FePt nanorods by confining decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) and reduction of Pt(caca)(2) in surfactant reverse cylindrical micelles. The controlled nucleation and growth kinetics in confined environment allows easy control over Fe/Pt composition, nanorod uniformity, and nanorod aspect ratio. The FePt nanorods tend to self-assemble into ordered arrays along three-dimensions. Directed assembly under external magnetic field leads to two-dimensional ordered arrays, parallel to the substrate magnetic field. We expect that with optimized external magnetic fields, we should be able to assemble these nanorods into orientated one or two-dimensional arrays, providing a uniform anisotropic magnetic platform for varied applications in enhanced data storage, magneto-electron transport, etc. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mchen05@unm.edu OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 25 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 20 BP 6348 EP + DI 10.1021/ja069057x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 168PA UT WOS:000246535300002 PM 17469818 ER PT J AU Kistler, ML Bhatt, A Liu, G Casa, D Liu, TB AF Kistler, Melissa L. Bhatt, Anish Liu, Guang Casa, Diego Liu, Tianbo TI A complete macroion-"blackberry" assembly-macroion transition with continuously adjustable assembly sizes in {Mo-132} water/acetone systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; MOLYBDENUM-OXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; GIANT CLUSTER; SALT-FREE; EN-ROUTE AB A complete, continuous transition from discrete macroions to blackberry structures, and then back to discrete macroions, is reported for the first time in the system of {Mo-132}/water/acetone, with {Mo-132} (full formula (NH4)(42)[Mo132O372(CH3COO)(30)(H2O)(72)]center dot ca.300H(2)O center dot ca.10CH(3)COONH(4)) as the C-60-like anionic polyoxomolybdate molecular clusters. Laser light scattering studies reveal the presence of the self-assembled {Mo-132} blackberry structures in water/acetone mixed solvents containing 3 vol % to 70 vol % acetone, with the average hydrodynamic radius (R-h) of blackberries ranging from 45 to 100 nm with increasing acetone content. Only discrete {Mo-132} clusters are found in solutions containing < 3 vol % and > 70 vol % acetone. The complete discrete macroion (cluster)-blackberry-discrete macroion transition helps to identify the driving forces behind the blackberry formation, a new type of self-assembly process. The charge density on the macroions is found to greatly affect the blackberry formation and dissociation, as the counterion association is very dominant around blackberries. The transitions between single {Mo-132} clusters and blackberries, and between the blackberries with different sizes, are achieved by only changing the solvent quality. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, TB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM til204@lehigh.edu RI Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016; Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 46 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 20 BP 6453 EP 6460 DI 10.1021/ja0685809 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 168PA UT WOS:000246535300034 PM 17465544 ER PT J AU Van Ert, MN Easterday, WR Huynh, LY Okinaka, RT Hugh-Jones, ME Ravel, J Zanecki, SR Pearson, T Simonson, TS U'Ren, JM Kachur, SM Leadem-Dougherty, RR Rhoton, SD Zinser, G Farlow, J Coker, PR Smith, KL Wang, BX Kenefic, LJ Fraser-Liggett, CM Wagner, DM Keim, P AF Van Ert, Matthew N. Easterday, W. Ryan Huynh, Lynn Y. Okinaka, Richard T. Hugh-Jones, Martin E. Ravel, Jacques Zanecki, Shaylan R. Pearson, Talima Simonson, Tatum S. U'Ren, Jana M. Kachur, Sergey M. Leadem-Dougherty, Rebecca R. Rhoton, Shane D. Zinser, Guenevier Farlow, Jason Coker, Pamala R. Smith, Kimothy L. Wang, Bingxiang Kenefic, Leo J. Fraser-Liggett, Claire M. Wagner, David M. Keim, Paul TI Global Genetic Population Structure of Bacillus anthracis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a disease of historical and current importance that is found throughout the world. The basis of its historical transmission is anecdotal and its true global population structure has remained largely cryptic. Seven diverse B. anthracis strains were whole-genome sequenced to identify rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by phylogenetic reconstruction of these characters onto an evolutionary model. This analysis identified SNPs that define the major clonal lineages within the species. These SNPs, in concert with 15 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers, were used to subtype a collection of 1,033 B. anthracis isolates from 42 countries to create an extensive genotype data set. These analyses subdivided the isolates into three previously recognized major lineages (A, B, and C), with further subdivision into 12 clonal sub-lineages or sub-groups and, finally, 221 unique MLVA15 genotypes. This rare genomic variation was used to document the evolutionary progression of B. anthracis and to establish global patterns of diversity. Isolates in the A lineage are widely dispersed globally, whereas the B and C lineages occur on more restricted spatial scales. Molecular clock models based upon genome-wide synonymous substitutions indicate there was a massive radiation of the A lineage that occurred in the mid-Holocene (3,064-6,127 ybp). On more recent temporal scales, the global population structure of B. anthracis reflects colonial-era importation of specific genotypes from the Old World into the New World, as well as the repeated industrial importation of diverse genotypes into developed countries via spore-contaminated animal products. These findings indicate humans have played an important role in the evolution of anthrax by increasing the proliferation and dispersal of this now global disease. Finally, the value of global genotypic analysis for investigating bioterrorist-mediated outbreaks of anthrax is demonstrated. C1 [Van Ert, Matthew N.; Easterday, W. Ryan; Huynh, Lynn Y.; Okinaka, Richard T.; Zanecki, Shaylan R.; Pearson, Talima; Simonson, Tatum S.; U'Ren, Jana M.; Kachur, Sergey M.; Leadem-Dougherty, Rebecca R.; Rhoton, Shane D.; Zinser, Guenevier; Farlow, Jason; Smith, Kimothy L.; Kenefic, Leo J.; Wagner, David M.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.; Keim, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hugh-Jones, Martin E.; Coker, Pamala R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ravel, Jacques; Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Wang, Bingxiang] Lanzhou Inst Biol Prod, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Easterday, W. Ryan/M-6732-2015; OI Easterday, W. Ryan/0000-0001-5865-7062; Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428 FU National Institutes of Health, General Medical Sciences; U.S. Departments of Energy and Homeland Security FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, General Medical Sciences and the U.S. Departments of Energy and Homeland Security. NR 43 TC 165 Z9 173 U1 3 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e461 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000461 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DZ UT WOS:000207446000009 PM 17520020 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP Evans, BR Mielenz, JR Hopkins, RC Adams, MWW AF Zhang, Y. -H. Percival Evans, Barbara R. Mielenz, Jonathan R. Hopkins, Robert C. Adams, Michael W. W. TI High-Yield Hydrogen Production from Starch and Water by a Synthetic Enzymatic Pathway SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. The future hydrogen economy offers a compelling energy vision, but there are four main obstacles: hydrogen production, storage, and distribution, as well as fuel cells. Hydrogen production from inexpensive abundant renewable biomass can produce cheaper hydrogen, decrease reliance on fossil fuels, and achieve zero net greenhouse gas emissions, but current chemical and biological means suffer from low hydrogen yields and/or severe reaction conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here we demonstrate a synthetic enzymatic pathway consisting of 13 enzymes for producing hydrogen from starch and water. The stoichiometric reaction is C(6)H(10)O(5) (l)+7 H(2)O (l)-> 12 H(2) (g)+ 6 CO(2) (g). The overall process is spontaneous and unidirectional because of a negative Gibbs free energy and separation of the gaseous products with the aqueous reactants. Conclusions. Enzymatic hydrogen production from starch and water mediated by 13 enzymes occurred at 30 degrees C as expected, and the hydrogen yields were much higher than the theoretical limit (4 H(2)/glucose) of anaerobic fermentations. Significance. The unique features, such as mild reaction conditions (30 degrees C and atmospheric pressure), high hydrogen yields, likely low production costs ($similar to 2/kg H(2)), and a high energy-density carrier starch (14.8 H(2)-based mass%), provide great potential for mobile applications. With technology improvements and integration with fuel cells, this technology also solves the challenges associated with hydrogen storage, distribution, and infrastructure in the hydrogen economy. C1 [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Evans, Barbara R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mielenz, Jonathan R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hopkins, Robert C.; Adams, Michael W. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu FU Southeastern Sun Grant Center, USDA-CSREES [2006-38909-03484]; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15710, DE-AC05-00OR22725, FWP CEEB06]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX We are grateful for financial support from the Southeastern Sun Grant Center, USDA-CSREES (2006-38909-03484), and Oak Ridge Associated Universities to YHPZ. JRM was supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. RCH and MWWA were supported by a grant (DE-FG02-05ER15710) from the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Previous research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under FWP CEEB06. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 43 TC 132 Z9 139 U1 6 U2 63 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e456 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000456 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DZ UT WOS:000207446000004 PM 17520015 ER PT J AU Gowrishankar, V Luscombe, CK McGehee, MD Frechet, JMJ AF Gowrishankar, Vignesh Luscombe, Christine K. McGehee, Michael D. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI High-efficiency, Cd-free copper-indium-gallium-diselenide/polymer hybrid solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE polymer buffer layer; Cd free; hybrid; BBL; CIGS ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LADDER POLYMER; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; TRANSPORT; BLENDS AB The use of a semiconducting polymer as a buffer layer replacement for CdS in traditionally all-inorganic copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS)-based solar cells is reported. The semiconducting polymer used is poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL), which has physical and electronic properties that facilitate a suitable junction between the CIGS and the top electrode. We report on the fabrication, physical properties and photovoltaic characteristics of such Cd-free organic-inorganic devices, which have 6% power-conversion efficiencies. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McGehee, MD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vigneshg@stanford.edu; mmcgehee@stanford.edu OI Luscombe, Christine/0000-0001-7456-1343; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.01.012 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 167GC UT WOS:000246438500009 ER PT J AU Hsu, CH Liang, KS Felcher, GP Noh, DY Sinha, SK AF Hsu, Chia-Hung Liang, Keng S. Felcher, Gian P. Noh, Do Young Sinha, Sunil K. TI Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Surface X-ray and Neutton Scattering Taipei, Taiwan, July 16-20, 2006 - Preface SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hsu, CH (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, 101 Hisn Ann Rd,Hsinchu Sci Pk, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. EM chsu@nsrrc.org.tw; ksliang@nsrrc.org.tw; felcher@anl.gov; dynoh@gist.ac.kr; ssinha@physics.ucsd.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5529 EP 5531 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.030 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300001 ER PT J AU Kim, H Jiang, Z Lee, H Lee, YJ Jiao, XS Li, CH Lurio, L Rafailovich, M Sinha, SK AF Kim, Hyunjung Jiang, Zhang Lee, Heeju Lee, Young Joo Jiao, Xuesong Li, Chunhua Lurio, Laurence Rafailovich, Miriam Sinha, S. K. TI Hydrodynamic surface fluctuations of polymer films by coherent X-ray scattering SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy; thin polymer films; surface dynamics; relaxation time ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYSTYRENE; RELAXATION; INTERFACE AB We have applied X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) to measure the surface dynamics of polymer films of thicknesses down to a few times of the polymer radius of gyration. XPCS is currently the only technique to measure selectively dynamics of surface and/or interfacial fluctuations of the films thanks to high brilliance and coherence of the third generation synchrotron source. The results show the behavior of the capillary waves expected in viscous liquid when the film thickness is thicker than four times of the radius of gyration. However, thinner films show a deviation indicating the need to account for viscoelasticity. We present also the theory for surface dynamics of the thermally excited fluctuations on homogenous single-layer film with arbitrary depth is generalized to describe surface and interfacial dynamics of polymeric liquid bilayer films in terms of susceptibilities, power spectra and characteristic relaxation time constants. The effects on surface dynamics originating from viscosity inhomogeneities close to surface region are investigated by the bilayer theory and compared with the surface dynamics from homogeneous single-layer films under non-slip and slip boundary conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Shinsu Dong, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM hkim@sogang.ac.kr RI Jiang, Zhang/A-3297-2012 OI Jiang, Zhang/0000-0003-3503-8909 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5536 EP 5540 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.001 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300003 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Quiney, HM Dahl, BB Tran, CQ Peele, AG Nugent, KA De Jonge, MD Paterson, D AF Williams, G. J. Quiney, H. M. Dahl, B. B. Tran, C. Q. Peele, A. G. Nugent, K. A. De Jonge, M. D. Paterson, D. TI Curved beam coherent diffractive imaging SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE X-ray imaging; coherent scattering; phase retrieval ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE AB We discuss a coherent diffractive imaging experiment wherein the illuminating X-ray beam is divergent, rather than planar. By reconstructing the illumination at the sample, it is possible to recover the exit surface wave in that plane. With this geometry, the usual iterative reconstruction scheme converges very quickly, without finding the typical ambiguous solutions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM g.williams@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Williams, Garth/H-1606-2012; Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5553 EP 5556 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.132 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300006 ER PT J AU Wang, RV Jiang, F Fong, DD Stephenson, GB Fuoss, PH Eastman, JA Streiffer, SK Latifi, K Thompson, C AF Wang, R.-V Jiang, F. Fong, D. D. Stephenson, G. B. Fuoss, P. H. Eastman, J. A. Streiffer, S. K. Latifi, K. Thompson, C. TI In situ X-ray studies of metal organic chemical vapor deposition of PbZ(x)Ti(1-x)O(3) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE organometallic vapour deposition; X-ray scattering; depth profiling; surface composition; alloy oxides ID SCATTERING; FILMS AB In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and fluorescence techniques were used to simultaneously observe the evolution of the strain and composition of a growing crystal surface in real time. Control of the X-ray incidence angle allows us to obtain high surface sensitivity. We studied metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of epitaxial PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) onto SrTiO3 (001) substrates under various growth conditions. We observe a strong increase in Zr incorporation as strain relaxation occurs, consistent with the effect of compositional strain on the thermodynamic driving force for growth. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Wang, RV (reprint author), 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212,Rm C220, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rvwang@anl.gov RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Thompson, Carol/0000-0003-3832-4855 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5593 EP 5596 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.019 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300013 ER PT J AU Tamam, L Kraack, H Sloutskin, E Ocko, BM Pershan, PS Deutsch, M AF Tamam, L. Kraack, H. Sloutskin, E. Ocko, B. M. Pershan, P. S. Deutsch, M. TI Langmuir films of polycyclic molecules on mercury SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE Langmuir films; X-rays; mercury ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LIQUID MERCURY; NORMAL-ALKANES; ANTHRACENE-DERIVATIVES; SURFACE; MONOLAYERS; REFLECTIVITY; MICROSCOPY; ANTHRONE; AU(111) AB Langmuir films (LFs) of biphenyl and anthracene derivatives on the surface of liquid mercury were studied by surface-specific X-ray and surface tension measurements. Phases of lying-down, side-lying and standing-up molecules were found, some of which exhibit long-range lateral order. The molecular symmetry and the position and nature of the side-, end-, and headgroups are shown to dominate the structural evolution of the LFs with surface coverage. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Soft Condensed Matter & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5631 EP 5636 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.01.037 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300022 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Park, C Nagy, KL Sturchio, NC AF Fenter, Paul Park, Changyong Nagy, Kathryn L. Sturchio, Neil C. TI Resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity as a probe of ion adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE X-ray scattering; resonant anomalous X-ray refectivity; interfacial structure; liquid-solid interface; ion adsorption; electrical double layer structure ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; HYDRATION FORCES; WATER INTERFACE; MICA SURFACES; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; OXIDATION; CHLORIDE; SPECTRA AB We discuss new opportunities to understand processes at the solid-liquid interface using resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity (RAXR). This approach is illustrated by determination of element-specific density profiles at mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing Rb+ and Sr2+. The total interfacial electron density profile is determined by specular reflectivity (i.e., reflected intensity vs. momentum transfer, q, at an energy, E, far from any characteristic absorption edge). RAXR spectra (i.e., intensity vs. E at fixed q) reveal element-specific ion distributions. Key differences in the interaction of Rb+ and Sr2+ with mica are observed using resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity: Rb+ adsorbs in a partially hydrated state, but Sr2+ adsorbs in both fully and partially hydrated states. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008; OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788; Fenter, Paul/0000-0002-6672-9748 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5654 EP 5659 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.118 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300026 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Sapir, Z Tamam, L Ocko, BM Bain, CD Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E. Sapir, Z. Tamam, L. Ocko, B. M. Bain, C. D. Deutsch, M. TI Freezing transition of Langmuir-Gibbs alkane films on water SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE Langmuir film; Gibbs; X-ray reflectivity; surface freezing ID SIO2/AIR INTERFACES; PHASE-TRANSITION; N-ALKANES; SURFACE; MONOLAYERS AB We show that adding CTAB (CTAB, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) in sub-millimolar bulk concentrations to water reduces its surface tension (ST) to a level where spontaneous surface spreading of a monolayer of medium-sized alkane (CnH2n+2, 12 <= n <= 17) occurs. ST and X-ray reflectivity (XR) measurements are used to show that the quasi two-dimensional (2D) liquid monolayer can be driven through a reversible surface freezing phase transition upon cooling. Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) shows that the frozen monolayer is crystalline, hexagonally packed, with surface-normal molecules, and a crystalline coherence length of at least a few hundred A, very similar to the structure of surface-frozen (SF) monolayers at the surface of similar-length alkane melts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il RI Bain, Colin/I-2792-2012 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5664 EP 5668 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.007 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300028 ER PT J AU Lin, BH Schultz, DG Lin, XM Li, DX Gebhardt, J Meron, M Viccaro, PJ AF Lin, Binhua Schultz, David G. Lin, Xiao-Min Li, Dongxu Gebhardt, Jeff Meron, Mati Viccaro, P. J. TI Langmuir monolayers of gold nanoparticles SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE X-ray scattering; diffraction and reflection; Langmuir/Blodget/Kuhn assemblies; liquid-gas interfaces AB We report an experimental study of Langmuir monolayers of dodecanethiol-ligated gold nanoparticles with in situ optical microscopy and X-ray scattering. The particle spacing increases with thiol concentration but does not depend on surface pressure. Compression beyond the full coverage of the monolayers causes the monolayers to wrinkle. With the presence of excess thiol molecules, the wrinkles unfold back to monolayer upon the expansion of the surface area. A theoretical model based on van der Waals' attraction and tunable steric repulsion is adopted to explain this reversibility. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lin, BH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM blin@uchicago.edu NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5669 EP 5673 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.023 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300029 ER PT J AU Stepanov, S AF Stepanov, Sergey TI Transformation of X-ray Server from a set of WWW-accessed programs into WWW-based library for remote calls from X-ray data analysis software SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE X-ray diffraction; X-ray scattering; X-ray theory; web-based computations AB X-ray Server [x-server.gmca.aps.anl.gov] is a public project providing a collection of online software tools for modeling data in the fields of surface X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction from thin solid films and multilayers with account for the effects of crystal lattice strains, magnetization and interface roughness. This paper reports on recent developments that are addressing numerous requests to expand the Server access beyond plain web browser sessions and facilitate batch processing, remote fitting and integration of Server programs into users' data analysis software. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, GM CA CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stepanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, GM CA CAT, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave Bldg 436D, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sstepanov@anl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5700 EP 5703 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.011 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300036 ER PT J AU Wakabayashi, Y Upton, MH Grenier, S Hill, JP Nelson, CS Zheng, H Mitchell, JF AF Wakabayashi, Y. Upton, M. H. Grenier, S. Hill, J. P. Nelson, C. S. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. TI X-ray investigation of cleavage plane of single layered manganite La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutton Scattering CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE surface X-ray scattering; manganese oxide; layered structure ID SURFACES AB The top layer of a cleaved surface of the single layered manganite La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 is measured with crystal truncation rod scattering. Knowledge of the surface structure of strongly correlated electron systems is needed for nano-science and device application of such systems. The result shows that the cleaved surface is terminated by La/Sr layer and has little surface roughness. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wakabayashi, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM yusuke.wakabayashi@kek.jp RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Wakabayashi, Yusuke/F-1621-2010; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014 OI Wakabayashi, Yusuke/0000-0003-3107-0338; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 23 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 14 BP 5741 EP 5743 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.124 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168UA UT WOS:000246548300045 ER PT J AU Blanchette, CD Lin, WC Orme, CA Ratto, TV Longo, ML AF Blanchette, Craig D. Lin, Wan-Chen Orme, Christine A. Ratto, Timothy V. Longo, Marjorie L. TI Using nucleation rates to determine the interfacial line tension of symmetric and asymmetric lipid bilayer domains SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CELL-MEMBRANES; ORGANIZATION; MICROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR AB This work presents a novel method for experimentally quantifying interfacial line tension, which can be readily applied to study a wide variety of different lipid mixtures exhibiting phase coexistence. The method combines AFM imaging of lipid domain nucleation with classical nucleation theories. The results, using symmetric and asymmetric domains, permit the prediction of key physical parameters (critical nuclei size and nucleation rate) in multicomponent bilayer systems with implications toward understanding the dynamic nature of submicrometer domains (i.e., lipid rafts) in cell membranes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biophys & Interfacial Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Longo, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mllongo@ucdavis.edu RI Lin, Wan-Chen/A-4348-2009; Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32-GM08799] NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 11 BP 5875 EP 5877 DI 10.1021/la7004584 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 167MV UT WOS:000246456700009 PM 17451264 ER PT J AU Nykypanchuk, D Maye, MM van der Lelie, D Gang, O AF Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Maye, Mathew M. van der Lelie, Daniel Gang, Oleg TI DNA-based approach for interparticle interaction control SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED VIRUSES; POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLE; DUPLEX STABILITY; POLYMER BRUSHES; SIZED COLLOIDS; IONIC-STRENGTH; STRANDED-DNA; HARD-SPHERE AB Micron-sized latex particles with single-stranded DNA grafted to the surface have been used as a model system to study DNA mediated interactions. A new approach of tuning the interactions between particles is proposed, which allows for a gradual change of the assembly rate for fixed physical conditions of a solution by combining hybridizing "linker" DNA with nonhybridizing "neutral" DNA. The effect of linker/neutral DNA ratios on particle assembly kinetics and aggregate morphology has been experimentally investigated for a range of ionic strengths. The conditions for controlling various assembly morphologies have been identified, and the involved attractive and repulsive interactions have been described and explained for the proposed approach. The calculated attractive-repulsive behavior is in good agreement with experimental results. The described approach provides general perspectives for further fine-tuning DNA-mediated assembly systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gang, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ogang@bnl.gov NR 65 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 11 BP 6305 EP 6314 DI 10.1021/la0637566 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 167MV UT WOS:000246456700066 PM 17447797 ER PT J AU Slowing, II Trewyn, BG Giri, S Lin, VSY AF Slowing, Igor I. Trewyn, Brian G. Giri, Supratim Lin, Victor S. -Y TI Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery and biosensing applications SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; SOL-GEL; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; GENE DELIVERY; SYSTEM; SHELL; PARTICLES; CELLS; NANOCAPSULES; NEUROTRANSMITTERS AB Recent advancements in morphology control and surface functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have enhanced the biocompatibility of these materials with high surface areas and pore volumes. Several recent reports have demonstrated that the MSNs can be efficiently internalized by animal and plant cells. The functionalization of MSNs with organic moieties or other nanostructures brings controlled release and molecular recognition capabilities to these mesoporous materials for drug/gene delivery and sensing applications, respectively. Herein, we review recent research progress on the design of functional MSN materials with various mechanisms of controlled release, along with the ability to achieve zero release in the absence of stimuli, and the introduction of new characteristics to enable the use of nonselective molecules as screens for the construction of highly selective sensor systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Slowing, II (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vsylin@iastate.edu OI Slowing, Igor/0000-0002-9319-8639 NR 64 TC 866 Z9 875 U1 79 U2 567 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1236 DI 10.1002/adfm.200601191 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GP UT WOS:000246861800001 ER PT J AU Batra, D Seifert, S Varela, LM Liu, ACY Firestone, MA AF Batra, Dolly Seifert, Soenke Varela, Legna M. Liu, Amelia C. Y. Firestone, Millicent A. TI Solvent-mediated plasmon tuning in a gold-nanoparticle-poly(ionic liquid) composite SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; IONIC LIQUIDS; POLYMER; ARRAYS; NANOCRYSTALS; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLIES; PRECURSOR; MEMBRANES; BEHAVIOR AB The design, synthesis, and characterization of a hierarchically ordered composite whose structure and optical properties can be reversibly switched by adjustment of solvent conditions are described. Solvent-induced swelling and de-swelling is shown to provide control over the internal packing arrangement and hence, optical properties of in situ synthesized metal nanoparticles. Specifically, a gold-nanoparticle-containing ionic-liquid-derived polymer is synthesized in a single step by UV irradiation of a metal-ion-precursor-doped, self-assembled ionic liquid gel, 1-decyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies indicate that in the de-swollen state, the freestanding polymer adopts a perforated lamellar structure. Optical spectroscopy of the dried composite reveals plasmon resonances positioned in the near-IR. Strong particle-particle interactions arise from matrix-promoted formation of aggregated 1D clusters or chains of gold nanoparticles. Upon swelling in alcohol, the composite undergoes a structural conversion to a disordered structure, which is accompanied by a color change from purple to pale pink and a shift in the surface plasmon resonance to 527 nm, consistent with isolated, non-interacting particles. These results demonstrate the far-field tuning of the plasmonic spectrum of gold nanoparticles by solvent-mediated changes in its encapsulating matrix, offering a straightforward, low-cost strategy for the fabrication of nanophotonic materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Batra, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov NR 44 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1287 DI 10.1002/adfm.200600797 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GP UT WOS:000246861800007 ER PT J AU Caiulo, N Yu, CH Yu, KMK Lo, CCH Oduro, W Thiebaut, B Bishop, P Tsang, SC AF Caiulo, Nick Yu, Chih Hao Yu, Kai Man K. Lo, Chester C. H. Oduro, William Thiebaut, Benedicte Bishop, Peter Tsang, Shik Chi TI Carbon-decorated FePt nanoparticles SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SIZE; CO AB FePt magnetic nanoparticles are an important candidate material for many future magnetic applications. FePt exists as two main phases, that is, a disordered face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, which is generally prepared by chemical methods at low temperatures, and the high-temperature chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal (fct) structure. The fee FePt, with low coercivity but associated with superparamagnetic properties, may find applications as a magnetic fluid or as a nanoscale carrier for chemical or biochemical species in biomedical areas, while fct FePt is proposed for use in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording applications. However, for both of these applications an enhancement of the intrinsically weak magnetic properties, the avoidance of magnetic interferences from neighbor particles, and the improved stability of the small magnetic body remain key practical issues. We report a simple synthetic method for producing FePt nanoparticles that involves hydrothermal treatment of Fe and Pt precursors in glucose followed by calcination at 900 degrees C. This new method produces thermally stable spheroidal graphite nanoparticles (large and fullerene-like) that encapsulate or decorate FePt particles of ca. 5 nm with no severe macroscopic particle coalescence. Also, a low coercivity of the material is recorded; indicative of small magnetic interference from neighboring carbon-coated particles. Thus, this simple synthetic method involves the use of a more environmentally acceptable glucose/aqueous phase to offer a protective coating for FePt nanoparticles. It is also believed that such a synthetic protocol can be readily extended to the preparation of other graphite-coated magnetic iron alloys of controlled size, stoichiometry, and physical properties. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Surface & Catalysis Res Ctr, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johnson Matthey Technol Ctr, Reading RG4 9NH, Berks, England. RP Tsang, SC (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Surface & Catalysis Res Ctr, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. EM s.c.e.tsang@reading.ac.uk NR 13 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1392 EP 1396 DI 10.1002/adfm.200601200 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GP UT WOS:000246861800022 ER PT J AU Bui, SS Lee, HP Yu, KM AF Bui, Steven S. Lee, Henry P. Yu, Kin Man TI Metamorphic InAsyP1-y (y=0.30-0.75) and Al delta In1-delta AsyP1-y buffer layers on InP substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM-WELLS; IMPACT IONIZATION; INAS1-XPX; GROWTH AB The authors report the growth and characterization of InAsyP1-y and Al delta In1-delta AsyP1-y buffer layers on InP by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Under optimized growth conditions, they achieved sheet resistances of 2.8x10(5) and 4.8x10(4) Omega/sq for single layer InAs0.44P0.56 (0.5 mu m) and step-graded InAs0.75P0.25/InAs0.42P0.58 (0.075/0.5 mu m) layers, respectively. A bowing parameter for InAsyP1-y of -0.22 eV is found based on photoreflectance measurement. When 0.5 mu m thick Al0.11In0.89As.62P.38 is grown, they obtain sheet resistance and sheet carrier concentration of 7.76x10(5) Omega/sq and 7.92x10(9) cm(-2), respectively. This opens interesting possibilities for realizing high-performance metamorphic field-effect transistors based on strained InAs or InAsyP1-y (0.5 < y < 0.75) channel and AlInAsP buffer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bui, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM steven-bui@sbcglobal.net; hplee@uci.edu RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 212113 DI 10.1063/1.2742649 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900045 ER PT J AU Dinner, RB Moler, KA Beasley, MR Feldmann, DM AF Dinner, Rafael B. Moler, Kathryn A. Beasley, M. R. Feldmann, D. Matthew TI Enhanced current flow through meandering grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; BICRYSTALS AB In YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors grown by metal organic deposition, in-plane meandering of grain boundaries (GBs) has been linked to higher critical current density. The authors investigate this link in individual GBs using transport measurements and scanning Hall probe microscopy with current reconstruction. They observe current-induced flux entry into a coated conductor, then model its behavior by imaging YBCO films with single, straight GBs tilted at various angles to the applied current. They find a strong dependence of critical current on angle, sufficient to explain the enhancement observed for meandering GBs. (c) 2007 American Institute Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dinner, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kmoler@stanford.edu RI Moler, Kathryn/F-2541-2011 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1063/1.2740610 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900048 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Jesse, S Rodriguez, BJ Eliseev, EA Gopalan, V Morozovska, AN AF Kalinin, Sergei V. Jesse, Stephen Rodriguez, Brian J. Eliseev, Eugene A. Gopalan, Venkatraman Morozovska, Anna N. TI Quantitative determination of tip parameters in piezoresponse force microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST AB One of the key limiting factors in the quantitative interpretation of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is the lack of knowledge on the effective tip geometry. Here the authors derive analytical expressions for a 180 degrees domain wall profile in PFM for the point charge, sphere plane, and disk electrode models of the tip. An approach for the determination of the effective tip parameters from the wall profile is suggested and illustrated for several ferroelectric materials. The calculated tip parameters can be used self-consistently for the interpretation of PFM resolution and spectroscopy data, i.e., linear imaging processes. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergeiz@ornl.gov; rodriguezbj@ornl.gov; morozo@i.com.ua RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 212905 DI 10.1063/1.2742900 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900062 ER PT J AU Ma, D Stoica, AD Yang, L Wang, XL Lu, ZP Neuefeind, J Kramer, MJ Richardson, JW Proffen, T AF Ma, D. Stoica, A. D. Yang, L. Wang, X.-L. Lu, Z. P. Neuefeind, J. Kramer, M. J. Richardson, J. W. Proffen, Th. TI Nearest-neighbor coordination and chemical ordering in multicomponent bulk metallic glasses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL MODEL; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; RANGE ORDER; PACKING AB The authors report complementary use of high-energy x-ray and neutron diffraction to probe the local atomic structure in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. By analyzing the partial coordination numbers, the authors demonstrate the presence of multiple types of solute-centered clusters in the multicomponent glass and efficient packing of the amorphous structure at atomic scale. The authors' findings provide a basis for understanding how local structures change during phase transformation and mechanical deformation of multicomponent amorphous alloys. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ma, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dongma@ornl.gov RI Ma, Dong/G-5198-2011; Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013; Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Ma, Dong/0000-0003-3154-2454; Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134; Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 211908 DI 10.1063/1.2742315 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900025 ER PT J AU Singh, TB Sariciftci, NS Yang, H Yang, L Plochberger, B Sitter, H AF Singh, Th. B. Sariciftci, N. S. Yang, H. Yang, L. Plochberger, B. Sitter, H. TI Correlation of crystalline and structural properties of C-60 thin films grown at various temperature with charge carrier mobility SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PENTACENE; DEVICES AB Transistors fabricated from C-60 films grown by hot wall epitaxy at higher substrate temperature, showed an order of magnitude increased charge carrier mobility up to 6 cm(2)/V s. In this letter, the authors present an extensive study of morphology and crystallinity of the fullerene films using atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction. A clear correlation of crystalline quality of the C-60 film and charge carrier mobility was found. A higher substrate temperature leads to a single crystal-like faceted fullerene crystals. The high crystalline quality solely brings a drastic improvement in the charge carrier mobility. A gate voltage independent mobility is also observed in these devices which can be attributed to the highly conjugated nature of the C-60 thin film. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Phys Chem, Linz Inst Organ Solar Cells, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Rensselar Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RP Singh, TB (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Phys Chem, Linz Inst Organ Solar Cells, A-4040 Linz, Austria. EM birendra.singh@jku.at RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013; Singh, Birendra/H-1595-2011 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194; NR 18 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 213512 DI 10.1063/1.2743386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900091 ER PT J AU Sun, YG Wang, HH AF Sun, Yugang Wang, H. Hau TI Electrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes for flexible hydrogen sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; NETWORKS; GAS AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes on thin plastic substrates have been decorated with Pd nanoparticles through a simple electrochemical deposition process and have been used to fabricate high-performance hydrogen sensors with excellent mechanical flexibility. The typical flexible sensors exhibit sensitivity (i.e., the change of resistance) of similar to 75% for 0.05% hydrogen in air and response time of similar to 3 s for 1% hydrogen at room temperature. The performance of the as-fabricated devices keeps essentially unchanged even when they are bent to curving profile with bending radius of 7.5 mm and after they are operated for 2000 cycles of bending/relaxing. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 21 AR 213107 DI 10.1063/1.2742596 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172AG UT WOS:000246775900072 ER PT J AU Asmis, KR Santambrogio, G Zhou, J Garand, E Headrick, J Goebbert, D Johnson, MA Neumark, DM AF Asmis, Knut R. Santambrogio, Gabriele Zhou, Jia Garand, Etienne Headrick, Jeffrey Goebbert, Daniel Johnson, Mark A. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Vibrational spectroscopy of hydrated electron clusters (H2O)(15-50)(-) via infrared multiple photon dissociation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SOLVATED ELECTRON; SOLID WATER CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; EXCESS ELECTRONS; BINDING MOTIFS; ANIONS; DYNAMICS; (H2O)(N)(-); ISOMERS AB Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra for size-selected water cluster anions (H2O)(n)(-), n=15-50, are presented covering the frequency range of 560-1820 cm(-1). The cluster ions are trapped and cooled by collisions with ambient He gas at 20 K, with the goal of defining the cluster temperature better than in previous investigations of these species. Signal is seen in two frequency regions centered around 700 and 1500-1650 cm(-1), corresponding to water librational and bending motions, respectively. The bending feature associated with a double-acceptor water molecule binding to the excess electron is clearly seen up to n=35, but above n=25; this feature begins to blueshift and broadens, suggesting a more delocalized electron binding motif for the larger clusters in which the excess electron interacts with multiple water molecules. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Asmis, KR (reprint author), Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM asmis@fhi-berlin.mpg.de; mark.johnson@yale.edu; dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Santambrogio, Gabriele/B-1357-2009; Asmis, Knut/N-5408-2014 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Santambrogio, Gabriele/0000-0001-5932-7049; Asmis, Knut/0000-0001-6297-5856 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 19 AR 191105 DI 10.1063/1.2741508 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 170EZ UT WOS:000246646600005 PM 17523785 ER PT J AU Guhr, IL van Dijken, S Malinowski, G Fischer, P Springer, F Hellwig, O Albrecht, M AF Guhr, I. L. van Dijken, S. Malinowski, G. Fischer, P. Springer, F. Hellwig, O. Albrecht, M. TI Magnetization reversal in exchange biased nanocap arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Magnets-Synthesis, Self-assembly, Proterties and Applications held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NANOMAGNETISM; MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; FILMS; FIELD; MODEL AB Arrays of self-assembled polystyrene spheres with various particle sizes have been used as a substrate to study the exchange bias effect along the out-of-plane direction of Pt/Co multilayers capped with IrMn layers. The evolution of the reversal process of the resulting magnetic nanocaps was investigated by magnetic force microscopy ( MFM) and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy ( M-TXM). Tip-sample interaction-induced irreversible and reversible switching events have been observed during multiple scanning cycles in MFM imaging which are ascribed to the so-called training effect. During M-TXM imaging a drastic change in morphology has been found due to the x-ray exposure, leading to the formation of much larger spherical particles. Interestingly, these merged particles reveal again an exchange coupled single-domain magnetic cap with magnetic behaviour similar to magnetic films deposited directly on spheres of similar size. C1 Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. Eo Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hitachi Global Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Guhr, IL (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. EM ildico.luise.guhr@uni-konstanz.de RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; van Dijken, Sebastiaan/E-8326-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Malinowski, Gregory/E-2867-2016 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; van Dijken, Sebastiaan/0000-0001-6372-2252; Malinowski, Gregory/0000-0003-1469-7438 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3005 EP 3010 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/10/S02 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169FD UT WOS:000246577200002 ER PT J AU Vasserman, IB Dejus, RJ Sasaki, S Xu, JZ Trakhtenberg, EM Milton, SV Moog, ER White, MM Vinokurov, NA AF Vasserman, I. B. Dejus, R. J. Sasaki, S. Xu, J. Z. Trakhtenberg, E. M. Milton, S. V. Moog, E. R. White, M. M. Vinokurov, N. A. TI LCLS undulator - recent developments: Undulator tapering to compensate for particle energy loss (simulations, continuous case). First article measurements and tuning SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Synchrotron Radiation Conference (SR-2006) CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Budker Inst Nucl Phys SB RAS, Novosibirsk, RUSSIA HO Budker Inst Nucl Phys SB RAS DE hybrid undulator; synchrotron radiation; SASE ID INSERTION DEVICES AB Computer simulations using a continuous change in particle energy are an important tool in improving the performance at the final stage of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) undulator line. Changes in the particle energy cause the break length between undulator segments to no longer be optimized, Radiation losses less than 0.1%/undulator segment can be easily compensated by adjustment of an undulator deflection parameter K. For higher losses, up to 0.4%, adjustment of K can still be compensated, but careful optimization is required. Compensating for losses greater than 0.4% requires tapering of the field within the undulator segment. The LCLS undulator segments are in mass production at this time. The first two undulators for the LCLS project were delivered to the APS magnetic measurement facility. They have already been tuned, and meet all requirements for the LCLS free-electron laser (FEL). The final results of this tuning will be presented, with emphasis on the FEL-specific requirements. A systematic zero shift in the Sentron [< http://www.sentron.ch/ >. [1]] 2-axis Hall probe was discovered, which required correction in order to obtain the proper field integrals. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Vasserman, IB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM isaac@aps.anl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 575 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.011 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 177IK UT WOS:000247146600007 ER PT J AU Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Eryilmaz, O. L. Erdemir, A. TI Surface analytical investigation of nearly-frictionless carbon films after tests in dry and humid nitrogen SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DLC; friction; ToF-SIMS; XPS ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; TOF-SIMS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; DLC FILMS; WEAR; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; WATER; ATMOSPHERES AB In this paper, we attempt to elucidate the near-surface chemistry of the sliding contact interfaces of nearly-frictionless carbon (NFC) films subjected to sliding in dry and humid nitrogen environments. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we determined the chemical state of the rubbing surfaces of NFC films and correlated these findings with the friction and wear test results. Tribological tests were performed in a ball-on-disk machine under a 5 N load and at sliding velocities of 0.2 to 0.3 m/s. An air-tight flexi-glass enclosure was used to create and maintain the dry and wet nitrogen environments. When tested in dry nitrogen, the NFC film provided a friction coefficient of approximate to 0.006 at steady state. However, when tests were performed in humid nitrogen, the friction coefficients increased by factors of 5 to 10 (depending on the humidity level). In both cases, the amount of wear was very low and hard to quantify, especially on the disk side. Imaging 3-D ToF-SIMS of the sliding contact surfaces of the NFC films revealed Mostly C2H and C2H2 within the wear tracks after testing in dry nitrogen. XPS confirmed the presence of mostly C-C and C-H bonded species within the same wear tracks. However, the surfaces that were rubbed in humid nitrogen contained large amounts of C-O and C=O bonded species, in addition to C-C and C-H. We concluded that super-low friction of NFC in dry nitrogen was mainly associated with the hydrogen termination of its surface carbon atoms, while the much higher friction of NFC in humid nitrogen was perhaps due to oxidation and/or hydroxyl ion termination of its surface carbon atoms. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 21 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 16-17 BP 7401 EP 7407 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.02.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 168FX UT WOS:000246509800066 ER PT J AU Jeong, E Smoot, GF AF Jeong, E. Smoot, G. F. TI The validity of the cosmic string pattern search with the cosmic microwave background SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; methods : data analysis AB We introduce a new technique to detect the discrete temperature steps that cosmic strings might have left in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy map. The technique provides a validity test on the pattern search of cosmic strings that could serve as the groundwork for future pattern searches. The detecting power of the technique is only constrained by two unavoidable features of CMB data: (1) the finite pixelization of the sky map and (2) the Gaussian fluctuation from instrumental noise and primordial anisotropy. We set the upper limit on the cosmic string parameter G mu less than or similar to 1.6 x 10(-5) as at the 95% confidence level (CL) and find that the amplitude of the temperature step has to be greater than 44 mu K in order to be detected for the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 3 year data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeong, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehjeong@berkeley.edu; gfsmoot@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/518556 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EH UT WOS:000246575000001 ER PT J AU Stawarz, L Kirk, JG AF Stawarz, Lukasz Kirk, John G. TI Automatic quenching of high-energy gamma-ray sources by synchrotron photons SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERCRITICAL PILE MODEL; X-RAY; PAIR PRODUCTION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RADIATION-FIELDS; COMPACT SOURCES; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB We investigate a magnetized plasma in which injected high-energy gamma-rays annihilate on a soft photon field that is provided by the synchrotron radiation of the created pairs. For a very wide range of magnetic fields, this process involves gamma-rays between 0.3 GeV and 30 TeV. We derive a simple dynamical system for this process, analyze its stability to runaway production of soft photons and pairs, and find conditions for it to automatically quench by reaching a steady state with an optical depth to photon-photon annihilation larger than unity. We discuss applications to broadband gamma-ray emitters, in particular supermassive black holes. Automatic quenching limits the gamma-ray luminosity of these objects and predicts substantial pair loading of the jets of less active sources. C1 Stanford Univ, KIPAC, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OAUJ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, KIPAC, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM stawarz@slac.stanford.edu RI Kirk, John/A-8901-2013 OI Kirk, John/0000-0002-9859-0496 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 1 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1086/518417 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EH UT WOS:000246575000005 ER PT J AU Dosche, C Mickler, W Lohmannsroben, HG Agenet, N Vollhardt, KPC AF Dosche, C. Mickler, W. Loehmannsroeben, H.-G. Agenet, N. Vollhardt, K. P. C. TI Photoinduced electron transfer in [N]phenylenes SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE [N]phenylenes; photoinduced electron transfer; [N]phenylene dyads ID PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CYCLOHEXATRIENE RING; HEXAETHYNYLBENZENE AB First studies of electron transfer in [N]phenylenes were performed in bimolecular quenching reactions of angular [3]- and triangular [4]phenylene with various electron acceptors. The relation between the quenching rate constants k(q) and the free energy change of the electron transfer (Delta G(CS)(0)) could be described by the Rehm-Weller equation. From the experimental results, a reorganization energy lambda of 0.7 eV was derived. Intramolecular electron transfer reactions were studied in an [N]phenylene bichomophore and a corresponding reference compound. Fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of the bichromophor display a characteristic dependence on the solvent polarity, whereas the corresponding values of the reference compound remain constant. From the results, a nearly isoenergonic charge separation process can be determined. As the triplet quantum yield is nearly independent of the polarity, charge recombination leads to the population of the triplet state. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dosche, C (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany. EM dosche@rz.uni-potsdam.de NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD MAY 20 PY 2007 VL 188 IS 2-3 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.12.038 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 171MA UT WOS:000246738900033 ER PT J AU Vapirev, AE Jordanova, VK AF Vapirev, Alexander E. Jordanova, Vania K. TI Calculation of bounce-averaged velocities and hydrogen densities for a storm-time magnetic field SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; RING CURRENT; MODEL MAGNETOSPHERE; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS AB Ion drift calculations in the inner magnetosphere are important for the study of the ring current. We calculate the bounce-averaged hydrogen densities and magnetic gradient-curvature drift velocities for ions moving in the storm-time T04s magnetic field, and compare them with those for a dipole field for various geomagnetic conditions. We find that the hydrogen density for T04s differs with similar to 5% from that for a dipole field for quiet time and it may become 30% smaller for disturbed conditions on the nightside for L > 4. The velocities for T04s at large L-shells are similar to 20% higher on the nightside and 20% lower on the dayside than those for a dipole field for quiet time. For disturbed conditions they are respectively similar to 200% higher and 20% lower than the dipole values. The contribution of the cross-B term to the magnetic drift is similar to 5%. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vapirev, AE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM avapirev@unh.edu; vania@lanl.gov OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 10 AR L10103 DI 10.1029/2007GL029380 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 172XP UT WOS:000246838400003 ER PT J AU Bench, G Fallon, S Schichtel, B Malm, W McDade, C AF Bench, Graham Fallon, Stewart Schichtel, Bret Malm, William McDade, Charles TI Relative contributions of fossil and contemporary carbon sources to PM 2.5 aerosols at nine Interagency Monitoring for Protection of Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PM2.5; IDENTIFICATION; PARTICLES; MATTER; LEVEL; TEXAS AB [1] Particulate matter aerosols contribute to haze diminishing vistas and scenery at national parks and wilderness areas within the United States. To increase understanding of the sources of carbonaceous aerosols at these settings, the total carbon loading and C-14/C ratio of PM 2.5 aerosols at nine Interagency Monitoring for Protection of Visual Environments ( IMPROVE) network sites were measured. Aerosols were collected weekly in the summer and winter at one rural site, two urban sites, five sites located in national parks and one site located in a wildlife preserve. The carbon measurements together with the absence of C-14 in fossil carbon materials and known C-14/C levels in contemporary carbon materials were used to derive contemporary and fossil carbon contents of the particulate matter. Contemporary and fossil carbon aerosol loadings varied across the sites and suggest different percentages of carbon source inputs. The urban sites had the highest fossil carbon loadings that comprised around 50% of the total carbon aerosol loading. The wildlife preserve and national park sites together with the rural site had much lower fossil carbon loading components. At these sites, variations in the total carbon aerosol loading were dominated by nonfossil carbon sources. This suggests that reduction of anthropogenic sources of fossil carbon aerosols may result only in little decrease in carbonaceous aerosol loading at many national parks and rural areas. Examination of the major sources of uncertainty that might cause contemporary carbon contents to be artificially high indicates that potential errors and biases in the methodology do not change the fundamental conclusions of this study. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bench1@llnl.gov RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10205 DI 10.1029/2006JD007708 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 172XW UT WOS:000246839100005 ER PT J AU Deindl, S Kadlecek, TA Brdicka, T Cao, XX Weiss, A Kuriyan, J AF Deindl, Sebastian Kadlecek, Theresa A. Brdicka, Tomas Cao, Xiaoxian Weiss, Arthur Kuriyan, John TI Structural basis for the inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of ZAP-70 SO CELL LA English DT Article ID CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ZETA-CHAIN; T-CELLS; C-SRC; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ADAPTER PROTEIN; INTERDOMAIN B AB ZAP-70, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase required for T cell antigen receptor signaling, is controlled by a regulatory segment that includes a tandem SH2 unit responsible for binding to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The crystal structure of autoinhibited ZAP-70 reveals that the inactive kinase domain adopts a conformation similar to that of cyclin-dependent kinases and Src kinases. The auto-inhibitory mechanism of ZAP-70 is, however, distinct and involves interactions between the regulatory segment and the hinge region of the kinase domain that reduce its flexibility. Two tyrosine residues in the SH2-kinase linker that activate ZAP-70 when phosphorylated are involved in aromatic-aromatic interactions that connect the linker to the kinase domain. These interactions are inconsistent with ITAM binding, suggesting that destabilization of this autoinhibited ZAP-70 conformation is the first step in kinase activation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthrit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weiss, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aweiss@medicine.ucsf.edu; kuriyan@berkeley.edu RI Brdicka, Tomas/G-6205-2014; OI Kadlecek, Theresa/0000-0002-1020-8169; Deindl, Sebastian/0000-0001-6807-8654 NR 47 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 21 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.039 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 172FA UT WOS:000246788300018 PM 17512407 ER PT J AU Guo, ZF Eisenberg, D AF Guo, Zhefeng Eisenberg, David TI The mechanism of the amyloidogenic conversion of T7 endonuclease I SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AFFECT PROTEIN STABILITY; FORMATION IN-VITRO; T7 ENDONUCLEASE-I; FIBRIL FORMATION; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; PRION PROTEIN; DISEASE; BETA(2)-MICROGLOBULIN; CONFORMATIONS; INTERMEDIATE AB Amyloid fibrils are associated with a range of human disorders. Understanding the conversion of amyloidogenic proteins from their soluble forms to amyloid fibrils is critical for developing effective therapeutics. Previously we showed that T7 endonuclease I forms amyloid-like fibrils. Here we study the mechanism of the amyloidogenic conversion of T7 endonuclease I. We show that T7 endonuclease I forms fibrils at pH 6.8, but not at pH 6.0 or 8.0. The amyloidogenicity at pH 6.8 is not correlated with thermodynamic stability, unfolding cooperativity, or solubility. Thermal melting experiments at various pH values show that the protein has a distinctive thermal transition at pH 6.8. The transition at pH 6.8 has a lower transition temperature than the unfolding transitions observed at pH 6.0 and 8.0 and leads to a beta-rich conformation instead of an unfolded state. Electron microscopy shows that the thermal transition at pH 6.8 results in fibril formation. The thermal transition at pH 6.8 leads to a protein state that is not accessible at pH 6.0 or 8.0, showing that the existence of the amyloidogenic conformation of T7 endonuclease I depends sensitively on solution conditions. Therefore, we propose that fibrillizing proteins need to be "prepared" for fibrillization. Preparation may consist of amino acid replacements or changing solution conditions and may require retention of some aspects of native structure. In this model, some amyloid-enhancing mutations decrease protein stability, whereas others have little effect. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Guo, Zhefeng/A-2069-2013 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 20 BP 14968 EP 14974 DI 10.1074/jbc.M609514200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 169JR UT WOS:000246589000035 PM 17360710 ER PT J AU Xu, R Spencer, VA Bissell, MJ AF Xu, Ren Spencer, Virginia A. Bissell, Mina J. TI Extracellular matrix-regulated gene expression requires cooperation of SWI/SNF and transcription factors SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CHROMATIN-REMODELING ENZYMES; BETA-CASEIN EXPRESSION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION; NUCLEAR FACTOR; STAT5; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES AB Extracellular cues play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of tissue-specific genes, but whether and how these signals lead to chromatin remodeling is not understood and subject to debate. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and mammary-specific genes as models, we show here that extracellular matrix molecules and prolactin cooperate to induce histone acetylation and binding of transcription factors and the SWI/SNF complex to the beta- and gamma-casein promoters. Introduction of a dominant negative Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF complex, significantly reduced both beta- and gamma-casein expression, suggesting that SWI/SNF-dependent chromatin remodeling is required for transcription of mammary-specific genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that the ATPase activity of SWI/SNF is necessary for recruitment of RNA transcriptional machinery, but not for binding of transcription factors or for histone acetylation. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the SWI/SNF complex is associated with STAT5, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, and glucocorticoid receptor. Thus, extracellular matrix-and prolactin-regulated transcription of the mammary-specific casein genes requires the concerted action of chromatin remodeling enzymes and transcription factors. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MJBissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-13] NR 56 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 20 BP 14992 EP 14999 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610316200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 169JR UT WOS:000246589000038 PM 17387179 ER PT J AU Boutz, DR Cascio, D Whitelegge, J Perry, LJ Yeates, TO AF Boutz, Daniel R. Cascio, Duilio Whitelegge, Julian Perry, L. Jeanne Yeates, Todd O. TI Discovery of a thermophilic protein complex stabilized by topologically interlinked chains SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disulfide bond; protein stability; catenane; citrate synthase; thermophile ID CITRATE SYNTHASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; KNOTTED PROTEIN; DISULFIDE BONDS; THIOL-GROUPS; MECHANISM; THERMOSTABILITY; ADAPTATIONS; RESOLUTION AB A growing number of organisms have been discovered inhabiting extreme environments, including temperatures in excess of 100 degrees C. How cellular proteins from such organisms retain their native folds under extreme conditions is still not fully understood. Recent computational and structural studies have identified disulfide bonding as an important mechanism for stabilizing intracellular proteins in certain thermophilic microbes. Here, we present the first proteomic analysis of intracellular disulfide bonding in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. Our study reveals that the utilization of disulfide bonds extends beyond individual proteins to include many protein-protein complexes. We report the 1.6 angstrom crystal structure of one such complex, a citrate synthase homodimer. The structure contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds, one per subunit, which result in the cyclization of each protein chain in such a way that the two chains are topologically interlinked, rendering them inseparable. This unusual feature emphasizes the variety and sophistication of the molecular mechanisms that can be achieved by evolution. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yeates@mbi.ucla.edu RI Boutz, Daniel/M-4872-2013; OI Boutz, Daniel/0000-0001-7462-4105; Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM031299-23, P01 GM031299] NR 51 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 368 IS 5 BP 1332 EP 1344 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.02.078 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 167HU UT WOS:000246443200011 PM 17395198 ER PT J AU Miller, JC Rallison, JM AF Miller, J. C. Rallison, J. M. TI Interfacial instability between sheared elastic liquids in a channel SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elastic instability; interfacial instability; channel flow; surface tension ID OLDROYD-B FLUIDS; SHORT-WAVE INSTABILITY; VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS; LINEAR-STABILITY; POISEUILLE FLOW; COUETTE-FLOW; MECHANISM; ENERGY AB We consider the linear stability of the interface between two sheared elastic liquids at large Weissenberg number (Wi) with negligible inertia. The liquids are of Oldroyd-B or UCM type and have matched viscosity. In UCM liquids, Renardy [Y. Renardy, Stability of the interface in two-layer Couette flow of upper convected Maxwell liquids, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 28 (1988) 99-1151 found a purely elastic instability for short-waves in the absence of surface tension for which the perturbation flow decays exponentially away from the interface. For UCM liquids at large Wi we show that this instability persists even though the wavelength is larger than the channel width and the disturbance occupies the entire channel. Surprisingly, the growth rate is not affected by the location of the walls, even though the mode structure is altered. This analysis suggests a reappraisal of the appropriateness of the short-wave and long-wave classifications for instabilities of viscoelastic liquids in order to accommodate the additional length scale introduced by fluid velocity and relaxation. The instability persists for Oldroyd-B liquids even as the elastic contribution to viscosity approaches zero. Surprisingly too, the inclusion of surface tension does not affect the asymptotic growth rate at large wavenumber. When more modest values of Wi are considered, we find parameter values for which arbitrarily large surface tension reduces the growth rate but does not stabilize the flow; previously proposed mechanisms based on the interface displacement are therefore inadequate to explain the instability. Because the instability is locally generated, it appears in other high Wi flows with interfaces, both in channels and in pipes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM jomiller@lanl.gov RI Miller, Joel/C-4229-2015 OI Miller, Joel/0000-0003-4426-0405 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2-3 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.01.009 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 168NY UT WOS:000246532500003 ER PT J AU Miller, JC Rallison, JM AF Miller, Joel C. Rallison, J. M. TI Instability of coextruded elastic liquids at high Weissenberg number SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elastic instability; interfacial instability; channel flow; pipe flow; coextrusion ID SHORT-WAVE INSTABILITY; OLDROYD-B FLUIDS; VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS; LINEAR-STABILITY; CHANNEL FLOW AB We reconsider the linear stability of pressure-driven flow of two Oldroyd-B or UCM fluids symmetrically placed in a channel or a pipe (a '' coextrusion flow ''). The fluids have matched viscosities but different relaxation times. Inertia and surface tension are neglected. We focus on the high Weissenberg number limit, where the distance travelled by a fluid particle in a relaxation time is large compared to the width of the channel. Given a prescribed location of the unperturbed interface, the growth rate at sufficiently high wavenumber can be deduced from previous analysis of Couette flow [Y. Renardy, Stability of the interface in two-layer Couette flow of upper convected Maxwell liquids, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 28 (1988) 99-115; K. Chen, D.D. Joseph, Elastic short-wave instability in extrusion flows of viscoelastic liquids, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 42 (1992) 189-211; J.C. Miller, J.M. Rallison, Interfacial instability between sheared elastic liquids in a channel, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 143 (2007) 71-87; however, we find that the structure of the perturbation flow differs from the Couette case. A new regime with different stability properties was first observed in a companion paper [J.C. Miller, J.M. Rallison, Interfacial instability between sheared elastic liquids in a channel, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 143 (2007) 71-87]. In this narrow-core regime the fraction of the channel occupied by the inner fluid is small and the wavenumber is large. We examine the corresponding distinguished limit and demonstrate that instability can occur at intermediate wavenumbers in flow geometries for which the long-wave and short-wave limits are both stable, contradicting some literature claims [P. Laure, H.L. Meur, Y Demay, J.C. Sant, S. Scotto, Linear stability of multilayer plane Poiseuille flows of Oldroyd-B fluids, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 71 (1997) 1-23; S. Scotto, P. Laure, Linear stability of three-layer Poiseuille flow for Oldroyd-B fluids, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 83 (1999) 71-92]. The wavespeed of this mode can be substantially higher than the speed of the base flow. The perturbation grows on the time-scale of the shorter relaxation time of the two fluids. Although most of the analysis is performed for asymptotically large Weissenberg numbers, the instability is found to persist for values which should be experimentally accessible. For core-annular pipe flow the curvature of the unperturbed interface plays a role, and the stability characteristics of channel and pipe flow are found to be qualitatively different. In addition, we find some new instabilities in channel flow which fall outside the categories previously identified. We demonstrate finally that on symmetry grounds analogous narrow-core instabilities must arise for a wider class of elastic constitutive properties than Oldroyd-B. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM jomiller@lanl.gov RI Miller, Joel/C-4229-2015 OI Miller, Joel/0000-0003-4426-0405 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2-3 BP 88 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.01.008 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 168NY UT WOS:000246532500004 ER PT J AU Choi, J Wu, J Won, C Wu, YZ Scholl, A Doran, A Owens, T Qiu, ZQ AF Choi, J. Wu, J. Won, C. Wu, Y. Z. Scholl, A. Doran, A. Owens, T. Qiu, Z. Q. TI Magnetic bubble domain phase at the spin reorientation transition of ultrathin Fe/Ni/Cu(001) film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; FE/CU(100); INPLANE; WEDGES AB Magnetic domain phases of ultrathin Fe/Ni/Cu(001) are studied using photoemission electron microscopy at the spin reorientation transition (SRT). We observe a new magnetic phase of bubble domains within a narrow SRT region after applying a nearly in-plane magnetic field pulse to the sample. By applying the magnetic field pulse along different directions, we find that the bubble domain phase exists only if the magnetic field direction is less than similar to 10 degrees relative to the sample surface. A temperature dependent measurement shows that the bubble domain phase becomes unstable above 370 K. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab Natl Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gao, Jinlong/C-1489-2010; wu, YiZheng/O-1547-2013; Wu, yizheng/P-2395-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Wu, yizheng/0000-0002-9289-1271; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 20 AR 207205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.207205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 169WY UT WOS:000246624000063 PM 17677736 ER PT J AU Ohta, T Bostwick, A McChesney, JL Seyller, T Horn, K Rotenberg, E AF Ohta, Taisuke Bostwick, Aaron McChesney, J. L. Seyller, Thomas Horn, Karsten Rotenberg, Eli TI Interlayer interaction and electronic screening in multilayer graphene investigated with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; DIRAC FERMIONS; QUANTUM-WELL; GRAPHITE; STATES; FILMS; GAS AB The unusual transport properties of graphene are the direct consequence of a peculiar band structure near the Dirac point. We determine the shape of the pi bands and their characteristic splitting, and find the transition from two-dimensional to bulk character for 1 to 4 layers of graphene by angle-resolved photoemission. By detailed measurements of the pi bands we derive the stacking order, layer-dependent electron potential, screening length, and strength of interlayer interaction by comparison with tight binding calculations, yielding a comprehensive description of multilayer graphene's electronic structure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ADv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Erlangen, Germany. RP Ohta, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ADv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Seyller, Thomas/F-8410-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Seyller, Thomas/0000-0002-4953-2142; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 38 TC 432 Z9 435 U1 18 U2 140 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 20 AR 206802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 169WY UT WOS:000246624000053 PM 17677726 ER PT J AU Vengalattore, M Higbie, JM Leslie, SR Guzman, J Sadler, LE Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Vengalattore, M. Higbie, J. M. Leslie, S. R. Guzman, J. Sadler, L. E. Stamper-Kurn, D. M. TI High-resolution magnetometry with a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUID; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MICROSCOPE; NOISE AB We demonstrate a precise magnetic microscope based on direct imaging of the Larmor precession of a Rb-87 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. This magnetometer attains a field sensitivity of 8.3 pT/Hz(1/2) over a measurement area of 120 mu m(2), an improvement over the low-frequency field sensitivity of modern SQUID magnetometers. The achieved phase sensitivity is close to the atom shot-noise limit, estimated as 0.15 pT/Hz(1/2) for a unity duty cycle measurement, suggesting the possibilities of spatially resolved spin-squeezed magnetometry. This magnetometer marks a significant application of degenerate atomic gases to metrology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vengalattore, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vengalattore, Mukund/B-2781-2015; Stamper-Kurn, Dan/B-5442-2015; Leslie, Sabrina/M-3626-2016 OI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/0000-0002-4845-5835; NR 21 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 20 AR 200801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.200801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 169WY UT WOS:000246624000010 PM 17677683 ER PT J AU Yoshida, S Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J Zhao, W Mestayer, JJ Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB AF Yoshida, S. Reinhold, C. O. Burgdoerfer, J. Zhao, W. Mestayer, J. J. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. TI Electric dipole echoes in Rydberg atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; DECOHERENCE; STATES AB We report the first observation of echoes in the electric dipole moment of an ensemble of Rydberg atoms precessing in an external electric field F. Rapid reversal of the field direction is shown to play a role similar to that of a pi pulse in NMR in rephasing a dephased ensemble of electric dipoles resulting in the buildup of an echo. The mechanisms responsible for this are discussed with the aid of classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Phys, Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Yoshida, S (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Phys, Vienna, Austria. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 20 AR 203004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.203004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 169WY UT WOS:000246624000017 PM 17677690 ER PT J AU Senosiain, JP Miller, JA AF Senosiain, Juan P. Miller, James A. TI The reaction of n- and i-C4H5 radicals with acetylene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL RATE COEFFICIENTS; WELL MASTER EQUATION; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; FORMATION MECHANISMS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; FLAMES; CHEMISTRY; C4H5 AB In this article, we discuss the reactions of i-C4H5 and n-C4H5 with acetylene. Both have been proposed as possible cyclization steps, forming benzene or fulvene, in rich flames burning aliphatic fuels. The relevant parts of the potential energy surface were determined from rQCISD(T) calculations extrapolated to the infinite-basis-set limit. Using this information in a Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus-based master equation, we have calculated thermal rate coefficients and product distributions for both reactions as a function of temperature and pressure. The results are cast in forms that can be used in modeling, and the implications of the results for flame chemistry are discussed. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Fis, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Senosiain, JP (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Fis, Avda Ciencias S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. EM jpsenosiain@gmail.com NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3740 EP 3747 DI 10.1021/jp0675126 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200009 PM 17408247 ER PT J AU Silke, EJ Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Ribaucour, M AF Silke, Emma J. Pitz, William J. Westbrook, Charles K. Ribaucour, Marc TI Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of cyclohexane oxidation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; GAS-PHASE OXIDATION; REACTION-MECHANISM; FUEL STRUCTURE; PART I; COMBUSTION; DECOMPOSITION; PRESSURE; HYDROCARBONS; PYROLYSIS AB A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed and used to study the oxidation of cyclohexane at both low and high temperatures. Rules for reaction rate constants are developed for the low-temperature combustion of cyclohexane. These rules can be used for in chemical kinetic mechanisms for other cycloalkanes. Because cyclohexane produces only one type of cyclohexyl radical, much of the low-temperature chemistry of cyclohexane is described in terms of one potential energy diagram showing the reaction of cyclohexyl radical with O-2 through five-, six-, and seven-membered-ring transition states. The direct elimination of cyclohexene and HO2 from RO2 is included in the treatment using a modified rate constant of Cavallotti et al. (Proc. Combust. Inst. 2007, 31, 201). Published and unpublished data from the Lille rapid compression machine, as well as jet-stirred reactor data, are used to validate the mechanism. The effect of heat loss is included in the simulations, an improvement on previous studies on cyclohexane. Calculations indicated that the production of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane observed in the experiments cannot be simulated according to the current understanding of low-temperature chemistry. Possible "alternative" H-atom isomerizations leading to different products from the parent O(2)QOOH radical were included in the low-temperature chemical kinetic mechanism and were found to play a significant role. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Silke, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM silke2@llnl.gov NR 54 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3761 EP 3775 DI 10.1021/jp067592d PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200011 PM 17388266 ER PT J AU Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ Georgievskii, Y AF Harding, Lawrence B. Klippenstein, Stephen J. Georgievskii, Yuri TI On the combination reactions of hydrogen atoms with resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon radicals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; PRESSURE RATE-CONSTANT; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; FUEL-RICH FLAMES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PROPARGYL RADICALS; PREDICTIVE THEORY AB Procedures for accurately predicting the kinetics of H atom associations with resonance stabilized hydrocarbon radicals are described and applied to a series of reactions. The approach is based on direct CASPT2/cc-pvdz evaluations of the orientation dependent interaction energies within variable reaction coordinate transition state theory. One-dimensional corrections to the interaction energies are estimated from a CASPT2/aug-cc-pvdz minimum energy path (MEP) on the specific reaction of interest and a CASPT2/aug-cc-pvtz MEP for the H + CH3 reaction. A dynamical correction factor of 0.9 is also applied. For the H + propargyl, allyl, cyclopentadienyl, and benzyl reactions, where the experimental values appear to be quite well determined, theory and experiment agree to within their error bars. Predictions are also made for the combinations with triplet propargylene, CH2CCCH, CH3CCCH2, CH2CHCCH2, CH3CHCCH, cyclic-C4H5, CH2CCCCH, and CHCCHCCH. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harding, LB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM harding@anl.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3789 EP 3801 DI 10.1021/jp0682309 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200013 PM 17388384 ER PT J AU Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ AF Georgievskii, Yuri Klippenstein, Stephen J. TI Strange kinetics of the C2H6+CNreaction explained SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; NEGATIVE ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE KINETICS; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; REFERENCE WAVE-FUNCTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; OXYGEN-ATOMS; AB-INITIO; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATIONS AB In this paper, we employ state of the art quantum chemical and transition state theory methods in making a priori kinetic predictions for the abstraction reaction of CN with ethane. This reaction, which has been studied experimentally over an exceptionally broad range of temperature (25-1140 K), exhibits an unusually strong minimum in the rate constant near 200 K. The present theoretical predictions, which are based on a careful consideration of the two distinct transition state regimes, quantitatively reproduce the measured rate constant over the full range of temperature, with no adjustable parameters. At low temperatures, the rate-determining step for such radical-molecule reactions involves the formation of a weakly bound van der Waals complex. At higher temperatures, the passage over a subthreshold saddle point on the potential energy surface, related to the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds, becomes the rate-determining step. The calculations illustrate the changing importance of the two transition states with increasing temperature and also clearly demonstrate the need for including accurate treatments of both transition states. The present two transition state model is an extension of that employed in our previous work on the C2H4 + OH reaction [J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 6031]. It incorporates direct ab initio evaluations of the potential in classical phase space integral based calculations of the fully coupled anharmonic transition state partition functions for both transition states. Comparisons with more standard rigid-rotor harmonic oscillator representations for the "inner" transition state illustrate the importance of variational, anharmonic, and nonrigid effects. The effects of tunneling through the "inner" saddle point and of dynamical correlations between the two transition states are also discussed. A study of the kinetic isotope effect provides a further test for the present two transition state model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Georgievskii, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ygeorgi@sandia.gov; sjk@anl.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 70 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3802 EP 3811 DI 10.1021/jp068430k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200014 PM 17388379 ER PT J AU Bahng, MK Macdonald, RG AF Bahng, Mi-Kyung Macdonald, R. Glen TI Determination of the rate constant for the OH(X-2 Pi)+OH(X-2 Pi) -> O(P-3)+H2O reaction over the temperature range 293-373 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; GAS-PHASE RECOMBINATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; POTENTIAL SURFACE; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; QUANTITATIVE ESR; KINETIC DATA; OH RADICALS AB The rate constant for the reaction OH(X-2 Pi) + OH(X-2 Pi) -> O(P-3) + H2O has been measured over the temperature range 293-373 K and pressure range 2.6-7.8 Torr in both Ne and Ar bath gases. The OH radical was created by 193 nm laser photolysis of N2O to produce O(D-1) atoms that reacted rapidly with H2O to produce the OH radical. The OH radical was detected by quantitative time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy using Lambda-doublet resolved rotational transitions of the first overtone of OH(2,0) near 1.47 mu m. The temporal concentration profiles of OH were simulated using a kinetic model, and rate constants were determined by minimizing the sum of the squares of residuals between the experimental profiles and the model calculations. At 293 K the rate constant for the title reaction was found to be (2.7 +/- 0.9) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the uncertainty includes an estimate of both random and systematic errors at the 95% confidence level. The rate constant was measured at 347 and 373 K and found to decrease with increasing temperature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macdonald, RG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rgmacdonald@anl.gov NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3850 EP 3861 DI 10.1021/jp066359c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200019 PM 17253664 ER PT J AU Saxena, S Kiefer, JH Tranter, RS AF Saxena, Saumitra Kiefer, John H. Tranter, Robert S. TI Relaxation, incubation, and dissociation in CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE DISSOCIATION; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; SHOCK-TUBE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; REACTION-RATES; DEGREES K; WAVES; TIMES AB The dissociation and relaxation of CO2 has been reexamined in the incident shock wave with the laser-schlieren technique. These new experiments covered 1377-6478 K, and 42-750 Torr, and improvements partly described herein have permitted accurate determination of both rate and incubation time. In general the steady rate measurements are in agreement with other recent determinations. The one anomaly is that the new rates are not fully second order; they vary about 50% over 70-600 Torr. This unexpected feature is actually quite consistent with the recent literature, which shows a similar trend. However, attempts to produce this result with RRKM calculations were unsuccessful. Relaxation times are in agreement with available literature, and incubation time to relaxation time ratios lie between 1.5 and 3 over 4000-6600 K, consistent with findings for other molecules. These ratios are much smaller than those recently derived from reflected-shock experiments by Oehlschlaeger et al. (Z. Phys. Chem. 2005, 219, 555). A simple argument suggests such large values are indeed anomalous, although why they are too large is not clear. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kiefer, JH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM kiefer@uic.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3884 EP 3890 DI 10.1021/jp066717b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200023 PM 17295457 ER PT J AU Petway, SV Ismail, H Green, WH Estupinan, EG Jusinski, LE Taatjes, CA AF Petway, Sarah V. Ismail, Huzeifa Green, William H. Estupinan, Edgar G. Jusinski, Leonard E. Taatjes, Craig A. TI Measurements and automated mechanism generation modeling of OH production in photolytically initiated oxidation of the neopentyl radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EVALUATED KINETIC DATA; SLOWLY REACTING MIXTURES; REACTION-RATE PREDICTION; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; GROUP ADDITIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; IUPAC SUBCOMMITTEE; RATE CONSTANTS; H-ABSTRACTION AB Production of OH in the reaction of the neopentyl radical with O-2 has been measured by a laser photolysis/cw absorption method for various pressures and oxygen concentrations at 673, 700, and 725 K. The MIT Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) was used to automatically generate a model for this system, and the predicted OH concentration profiles are compared to present and literature experimental results. Several reactions significantly affect the OH profile. The experimental data provide useful constraints on the rate coefficient for the formally direct chemical activation reaction of neopentyl radical with O-2 to form OH (CH3)(3)CCH2 + O-2 -> OH + 3,3-dimethyloxetane (Rxn 1) At 673 K and 60 Torr, log k(1) (cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) = -13.7 +/- 0.5. Absolute absorbance measurements on OH and I indicate that the branching ratio for R + O-2 to OH is about 0.03 under these conditions. The data suggest that the ab initio neopentyl + O-2 potential energy surface of Sun and Bozzelli is accurate to within 2 kcal mol(-1). C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Green, WH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM whgreen@MIT.edu RI Green, William/C-9684-2012 OI Green, William/0000-0003-2603-9694 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3891 EP 3900 DI 10.1021/jp0668549 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200024 PM 17439192 ER PT J AU Fan, H Pratt, ST AF Fan, H. Pratt, S. T. TI Determination of spin-orbit branching fractions in the photodissociation of halogenated hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IODINE; METHYL-IODIDE; 234 NM; VELOCITY; CHLORIDE; PHOTOIONIZATION; DYNAMICS; BROMIDE; BAND; CH3 AB Two methods based on vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) photoionization are presented for the determination of the spin-orbit branching fractions of the halogen atom produced in the photodissociation of halogenated hydrocarbons. Both methods make use of differences in the photoionization cross sections of the P-2(3/2) ground state and the P-2(1/2) excited-state of the neutral halogen atom. In the first approach, measurements of the total photoionization signal of the halogen atom are made at several vuv wavelengths, and the difference in the wavelength dependences for the P-2(3/2) and P-2(1/2) atoms allows the extraction of the branching fractions. In the second approach, the vuv wavelength is set close to the ionization threshold of the P-2(3/2) atom (well above that of the P-2(1/2) atom), and measurements are made at several electric field strengths, which shift the ionization threshold and thus vary the photoionization cross sections. In both methods, the relative cross sections of the ground- and excited-state atoms are determined by using the known branching fractions for the 266 nm photodissociation of methyl iodide. These methods are applied to the photodissociation of isopropyl iodide and allyl iodide, two systems for which standard ion-imaging techniques do not provide unique branching fractions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fan, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3901 EP 3906 DI 10.1021/jp0670034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200025 PM 17253670 ER PT J AU Jasper, AW Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB Ruscic, B AF Jasper, Ahren W. Klippenstein, Stephen J. Harding, Lawrence B. Ruscic, Branko TI Kinetics of the reaction of methyl radical with hydroxyl radical and methanol decomposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL RATE COEFFICIENTS; THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; REACTION-PATH DYNAMICS; WELL MASTER EQUATION AB The CH3 + OH bimolecular reaction and the dissociation of methanol are studied theoretically at conditions relevant to combustion chemistry. Kinetics for the CH3 + OH barrierless association reaction and for the H + CH2OH and H + CH3O product channels are determined in the high-pressure limit using variable reaction coordinate transition state theory and multireference electronic structure calculations to evaluate the fragment interaction energies. The CH3 + OH -> (CH2)-C-3 + H2O abstraction reaction and the H-2 + HCOH and H-2 + H2CO product channels feature localized dynamical bottlenecks and are treated using variational transition state theory and QCISD(T) energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The (CH2)-C-1 + H2O product channel has two dynamical regimes, featuring both an inner saddle point and an outer barrierless region, and it is shown that a microcanonical two-state model is necessary to properly describe the association rate for this reaction over a broad temperature range. Experimental channel energies for the methanol system are reevaluated using the Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) approach. Pressure dependent, phenomenological rate coefficients for the CH3 + OH bimolecular reaction and for methanol decomposition are determined via master equation simulations. The predicted results agree well with experimental results, including those from a companion high-temperature shock tube determination for the decomposition of methanol. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jasper, AW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sjk@anl.gov RI Jasper, Ahren/A-5292-2011; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008; OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990; Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 111 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3932 EP 3950 DI 10.1021/jp067585p PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200028 PM 17388366 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Michael, JV AF Srinivasan, N. K. Su, M. -C. Michael, J. V. TI High-temperature rate constants for CH3OH+Kr -> products, OH+CH3OH -> products, OH+(CH3)(2)CO -> CH2COCH3+H2O, and OH+CH3 -> CH2+H2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; CHEMICAL KINETIC DATABASE; REFLECTED SHOCK-WAVES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MULTIPASS ABSORPTION; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TUBE TECHNIQUE; METHANOL; OH AB The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH radicals at 308 nm (corresponding to a total path length of similar to 4.9 m) has been used to study the dissociation of methanol between 1591 and 2865 K. Rate constants for two product channels [CH3OH + Kr -> CH3 + OH + Kr (1) and CH3OH + Kr -> (CH2)-C-1 + H2O + Kr (2)] were determined. During the course of the study, it was necessary to determine several other rate constants that contributed to the profile fits. These include OH + CH3OH -> products, OH + (CH3)(2)CO -> CH2COCH3 + H2O, and OH + CH3 -> (CH2)-C-1,3 + H2O. The derived expressions, in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s,(-1) are k(1) = 9.33 x 10(-9) exp(-30857 K/T) for 1591-2287 K, k(2) = 3.27 x 10(-10) exp(-25946 K/T) for 1734-2287 K, k(OH+CH3OH =) 2.96 x 10(-16)T(1.4434) exp(-57 K/T) for 210-1710 K, k(OH+(CH3)2CO) = (7.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-12) for 1178-1299 K and k(OH+CH3) = (1.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(-11) for 1000-1200 K. With these values along with other well-established rate constants, a mechanism was used to obtain profile fits that agreed with experiment to within <+/- 10%. The values obtained for reactions 1 and 2 are compared with earlier determinations and also with new theoretical calculations that are presented in the preceding article in this issue. These new calculations are in good agreement with the present data for both (1) and (2) and also for OH + CH3 -> products. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 3951 EP 3958 DI 10.1021/jp0673516 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200029 PM 17388365 ER PT J AU Estupinan, EG Smith, JD Tezaki, A Klippenstein, SJ Taatjes, CA AF Estupinan, Edgar G. Smith, Jared D. Tezaki, Atsumu Klippenstein, Stephen J. Taatjes, Craig A. TI Measurements and modeling of DO2 formation in the reactions of C2D5 and C3D7 radicals with O-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; PRODUCT FORMATION; GAS-PHASE; RATE CONSTANTS; PLUS O-2; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; REACTION-MECHANISM; REACTION-KINETICS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ALKYL RADICALS AB Time-resolved production of HO2 and DO2 from the reactions of nondeuterated and deuterated ethyl and propyl radicals with O-2 are measured as a function of temperature and pressure in the "transition region" between 623 and 748 K using the technique of laser photolysis/long path frequency modulation spectroscopy. Experimental measurements, using both pulsed-photolytic Cl-atom-initiated oxidation of ethane and propane and direct photolysis of ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl iodides, are compared to kinetic models based on the results of time-dependent master equation calculations with ab initio characterization of stationary points. The formation of DO2 and HO2 from the subsequent reaction of the alkyl radicals with O-2 is followed by infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy. The concentration of I atoms is simultaneously monitored by direct absorption of a second laser probe on the spin-orbit transition. The kinetic models accurately describe the time scale and amplitude of the DO2 and HO2 formation resulting from C2D5 + O-2, n-C3D7 + O-2, i-C3D7 + O-2, and i-C3H7 + O-2. Overall, a very good level of agreement is found between theory and experiments over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and O-2 concentrations. Good agreement is also found between previous literature studies and the theory presented in this work except in the case of the high-temperature rate coefficients for the reaction of i-C3H7 + O-2 to form propene. A reinvestigation of the high-temperature kinetics of the i-C3H7 + O-2 reaction appears warranted. The results from the present work suggest that the theory for formation of HO2 from the reactions of ethyl and both isomeric forms of propyl radicals with O-2 are very well established at this time. It is hoped that these reactions can now form the groundwork for the study and interpretation of larger and more complex R + O-2 systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Toyama Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Toyama 9308555, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 118 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 4015 EP 4030 DI 10.1021/jp067602a PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200036 PM 17388267 ER PT J AU You, XQ Wang, H Goos, E Sung, CJ Klippenstein, SJ AF You, Xiaoqing Wang, Hai Goos, Elke Sung, Chih-Jen Klippenstein, Stephen J. TI Reaction kinetics of CO+HO2 -> products: Ab initio transition state theory study with master equation modeling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RATE-CONSTANT; ELEVATED PRESSURES; HO2+CO REACTION; PHASE REACTIONS; SHOCK-WAVE; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; MIXTURES AB The kinetics of the reaction CO + HO2 center dot -> CO2 + center dot OH was studied using a combination of ab initio electronic structure theory, transition state theory, and master equation modeling. The potential energy surface was examined with the CCSD(T) and CASPT2 methods. The classical energy barriers were found to be about 18 and 19 kcal/mol for CO + HO2 center dot addition following the trans and cis paths, respectively. For the cis path, rate constant calculations were carried out with canonical transition state theory. For the trans path, master equation modeling was also employed to examine the pressure dependence. Special attention was paid to the hindered internal rotations of the HOOC center dot O adduct and transition states. The theoretical analysis shows that the overall rate coefficient is independent of pressure up to 500 atm for temperature ranging from 300 to 2500 K. On the basis of this analysis, we recommend the following rate expression for reaction R1 k(cm(3)/mol center dot s) = 1.57 x 10(5) T (2.18)e(-9030/T) for 300 <= T <= 2500 K with the uncertainty factor equal to 8, 2, and 1.7 at temperatures of 300, 1000, and 2000 K, respectively. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. DLR, Inst Combust Technol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiw@usc.edu; sjk@anl.gov RI Goos, Elke/D-5372-2009; Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009; You, Xiaoqing/B-1240-2015; OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503; Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 61 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 4031 EP 4042 DI 10.1021/jp067597a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200037 PM 17388389 ER PT J AU Hansen, N Kasper, T Klippenstein, SJ Westmoreland, PR Law, ME Taatjes, CA Kohse-Hoinghaus, K Wang, J Cool, TA AF Hansen, N. Kasper, T. Klippenstein, S. J. Westmoreland, P. R. Law, M. E. Taatjes, C. A. Kohse-Hoeinghaus, K. Wang, J. Cool, T. A. TI Initial steps of aromatic ring formation in a laminar premixed fuel-rich cyclopentene flame SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; HYDROCARBON FORMATION; FORMATION MECHANISMS; PHOTO-IONIZATION; ALIPHATIC FUELS; COMBUSTION; ACETYLENE; ISOMERS AB A fuel-rich, nonsooting, premixed laminar cyclopentene flame (phi = 2.0) at 37.6 Torr (50 mbar) is investigated by flame-sampling photoionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry utilizing vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron radiation. Mole fractions as a function of distance from the burner are measured for 49 intermediates with ion masses ranging from 2 (H-2) to 106 (C8H10), providing a broad database for flame modeling studies. The isomeric composition is resolved for most species, and the identification of several C4Hx, C7H6, and C7H8 isomers is discussed in detail. The presence of C5H5CCH/C5H4CCH2 and cycloheptatriene is revealed by comparisons between flame-sampled photoionization efficiency data and theoretical simulations, based on calculated ionization energies and Franck-Condon factors. This insight suggests a new potential molecular- weight growth mechanism that is characterized by C-5-C-7 ring enlargement reactions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hansen, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nhansen@sandia.gov RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017; OI Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316; Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 77 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 4081 EP 4092 DI 10.1021/jp0683317 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200042 PM 17300183 ER PT J AU Osswald, P Struckmeier, U Kasper, T Kohse-Hoinghaus, K Wang, J Cool, TA Hansen, N Westmoreland, PR AF Osswald, Patrick Struckmeier, Ulf Kasper, Tina Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina Wang, Juan Cool, Terrill A. Hansen, Nils Westmoreland, Phillip R. TI Isomer-specific fuel destruction pathways in rich flames of methyl acetate and ethyl formate and consequences for the combustion chemistry of esters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION MECHANISM; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; DIESEL-ENGINES; DERIVATIVES; BIOFUELS; EMISSIONS; KINETICS; PROGRESS AB The influences of fuel-specific destruction pathways on flame chemistry are determined for two isomeric ester fuels, methyl acetate, CH3(CO)OCH3, and ethyl formate, H(CO)OC2H5, used as model representatives for biodiesel compounds, and their potential for forming air pollutants is addressed. Measurements are presented of major and intermediate species mole fractions in premixed, laminar flat flames using molecular-beam sampling and isomer-selective VUV-photoionization mass spectrometry. The observed intermediate species concentrations depend crucially on decomposition of the different radicals formed initially from the fuels. The methyl acetate structure leads to preferential formation of formaldehyde, while the ethyl formate isomer favors the production of acetaldehyde. Ethyl formate also yields higher concentrations of the C-2 species (C2H2 and C2H4) and C-4 species (C4H2 and C4H4). Benzene concentrations, while larger for ethyl formate, are at least an order of magnitude smaller for both flames than seen for simple hydrocarbon fuels (ethylene, ethane, propene, and propane). C1 Univ Bielefeld, Dept Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kohse-Hoinghaus, K (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Chem, Universitatsstr 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM kkh@pc1.uni-bielefeld.de; tac13@cornell.edu RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Osswald, Patrick/N-3377-2013; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Osswald, Patrick/0000-0002-2257-2988; Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 46 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 4093 EP 4101 DI 10.1021/jp068337w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165XP UT WOS:000246341200043 PM 17388390 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Holladay, JE Kwak, JH Zhang, ZC AF Zhao, Haibo Holladay, Johnathan E. Kwak, Ja Hun Zhang, Z. Conrad TI Inverse temperature-dependent pathway of cellulose decrystallization in trifluoroacetic acid SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION; HYDROLYSIS; COMPLEXES AB An unusual inverse temperature-dependent pathway was observed during cellulose decrystallization in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Decreasing the TFA treatment temperature accelerated the cellulose decrystallization process. It took only 100 min to completely decrystallize cellulose at 0 degrees C in TFA, a result not achieved in 48 h at 25 degrees C in the same medium. There was neither cellulose esterification nor a change of cellulose macrofibril morphology by TFA treatment at 0 degrees C. Our IR data suggest that TFA molecules are present as cyclic dimers when they penetrate into crystalline cellulose regions, transforming crystalline cellulose to amorphous cellulose. On the other hand, the rate of TFA penetration into the cellulose matrix was greatly retarded at higher temperatures where monomeric TFA prevails. At elevated temperatures, esterification of TFA monomers on the external surface of crystalline cellulose, agglomeration of cellulose macrofibrils, as well as water released from the esterification reaction, inhibit the diffusion rate of TFA into the cellulose crystalline region and decrease the TFA swelling capability. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM conrad.zhang@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 5295 EP 5300 DI 10.1021/jp070253f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 165XQ UT WOS:000246341300037 PM 17447810 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Smith, JD Drisdell, WS Saykally, RJ Cohen, RC AF Cappa, Christopher D. Smith, Jared D. Drisdell, Walter S. Saykally, Richard J. Cohen, Ronald C. TI Interpreting the H/D isotope fractionation of liquid water during evaporation without condensation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ACCOMMODATION; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; VAPOR-PRESSURE; COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB A theoretical model of liquid water evaporation has been developed to interpret results from a recent experimental investigation of isotope fractionation during free evaporation [Cappa et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109 (51), 24391]. It is established that the free evaporation isotope fractionation factors (alpha(evap)) are primarily influenced by the nature of the intermolecular interactions between water molecules, namely, the condensed phase hindered translational and librational frequencies at the surface. The dependence of alpha(evap) on the isotopic composition of the liquid can be understood in terms of small variations in these frequencies with isotopic composition. This result suggests that the explicit nature of the solvation environment directly influences evaporation rates from liquids. The sensitivity of the calculated evaporation coefficient for liquid water to both temperature and isotope composition is also explored. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 7011 EP 7020 DI 10.1021/jp065095r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 165XR UT WOS:000246341400016 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN Sohlberg, KW Zhuo, SP Pantelides, ST AF Rashkeev, Sergey N. Sohlberg, Karl W. Zhuo, Shuping Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Hydrogen-induced initiation of corrosion in aluminum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION ALUMINAS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GAMMA-ALUMINA; ADSORPTION; METALS; SURFACES; ETA AB Corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is related to the presence of a thin, passivating aluminum oxide film on the surface. In this paper, we perform first-principles quantum-mechanical calculations to provide atomic scale understanding of the initiation of corrosion in Al. Our results support the hypothesis that hydrogen plays an important role at different stages of the Al corrosion process. In particular, atomic hydrogen can penetrate into the oxide film and cause structural damage in both the oxide and at the Al/Al2O3 interface. The corrosion is then initiated by a breakdown of the oxide film and a subsequent pit development on the surface of the metal exposed to the environment. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM sergey.rashkeev@inl.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 19 BP 7175 EP 7178 DI 10.1021/jp0707687 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 165XR UT WOS:000246341400034 ER PT J AU Nakayama, K Oh, Y Haidenbauer, J Lee, TSH AF Nakayama, K. Oh, Yongseok Haidenbauer, J. Lee, T.-S. H. TI On the sign of the pi rho omega coupling constant SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NEAR-THRESHOLD PRODUCTION; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; MESON PRODUCTION; VECTOR-MESONS; PP COLLISIONS; MODEL; SCATTERING; PHI; NUCLEON; PHOTOPRODUCTION AB It is shown that the relative sign between the NN omega and pi rho omega coupling constants can be determined most sensitively from omega production processes in NN collisions. Recent data on these reactions clearly favor the sign of the pi rho omega coupling constant which is opposite to that inferred from studies of the photoproduction reaction in combination with the vector meson dominance assumption and used by many authors. Implication of this finding in the description of other reactions is discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oh, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yoh@physast.uga.edu RI Oh, Yongseok/A-2504-2008 OI Oh, Yongseok/0000-0001-9822-8975 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 17 PY 2007 VL 648 IS 5-6 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.034 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 173IA UT WOS:000246865500004 ER PT J AU Brinks, HW Langley, W Jensen, CM Graetz, J Reilly, JJ Hauback, BC AF Brinks, H. W. Langley, W. Jensen, C. M. Graetz, J. Reilly, J. J. Hauback, B. C. TI Synthesis and crystal structure of beta-AlD3 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE powder neutron diffraction; synchrotron radiation; metal hydrides; alane ID ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; ALH3 AB beta w-AlD3 was synthesized from LiAlD4 and AlCl3 Via thermal decomposition of aluminum hydride etherate in presence of LiBH4 and excess LiAlD4. beta-AlD3 was determined by powder neutron diffraction and synchrotron X-ray diffraction to take the pyrochlore structure and it crystallizes in space group Fd (3) over barm. The cubic structure has unit-cell dimension a = 9.0037(l) angstrom and consists of corner-sharing AlD6 octahedra where each hydrogen is shared between two octahedra. Each of the six octahedra surrounding an octahedron is interconnected to two of the other surrounding octahedra. The octahedra are forming a 3D network with about 3.9 angstrom channels. There is one Al and one D crystallographic site and the Al-D distance is 1.712(l) angstrom. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Energy Technol, Dept Phys, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brinks, HW (reprint author), Inst Energy Technol, Dept Phys, POB 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM hwbrinks@ife.no NR 13 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.072 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 158ED UT WOS:000245773100034 ER PT J AU Darsell, JT Weil, KS AF Darsell, Jens T. Weil, K. Scott TI The effect of palladium additions on the solidus/liquidus temperatures and wetting properties of Ag-CuO based air brazes SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metals; interfaces; scanning electron microscopy; high-temperature alloys; thermal analysis ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; COPPER OXIDE; TRANSITIONS; INTERFACE; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; SYSTEM; GLASS; NUCLEATION; TITANIUM AB As a means of increasing the use temperature of ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal air brazes, palladium was investigated as possible ternary addition to the currently employed silver-copper oxide system. The silver component was directly substituted with palladium to form the following series of alloys: (100 - y)[(100 - z)Pd - (z)Ag] - (y)CuOx, where y = 0-34 mol% CuOx and z = 50-100 mol% silver and where x = 0, 0.5, or 1, respectively, denotes copper metal, Cu2O, or CuO. From differential thermal analysis, it was determined that the addition of palladium causes an increase in the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the resulting Pd-Ag-CuO brazes. In general, the liquidus was found to increase by approximately 220 degrees C for the (100 - y)(25Pd - 75Ag) - (z)CuOx, filler metal compositions relative to comparable Ag-CuOx, alloys. Likewise, the solidus was found to increase for these alloys, respectively, by 185 and 60 degrees C, respectively, for CuOx contents of y = 0-1 mol% and 4-10 mol%. For the (100 - y)(50Pd - 50Ag) - (y)CuOx alloys, the solidus increased between 280 and 390 degrees C over a copper oxide compositional range of x = 0-8 mol%. It was determined from sessile drop experiments conducted on alumina substrates that in all cases the palladium causes an increase in the wetting angle relative to the corresponding binary braze. Alloy compositions of (100 - y)(25Pd - 75Ag) - (y)CuOx displayed increased wetting angles of 5-20 degrees relative to comparable binary compositions. (100 - y)(50Pd - 50Ag) - (y)CuOx alloys exhibited an increase in contact angle of 10-60 degrees and compositions containing less than 10 mol% CuOx, were not able to wet the substrate. Metallographic analysis indicated that the microstructure of the braze consists of discrete CuOx precipitates in an alloyed silver-palladium matrix. In both the binary and ternary filler metal formulations, a reaction layer consisting of CuAlO2 was observed along the interface with the alumina substrate. This reaction product appears to be beneficial in promoting wetting by the remaining braze filler metal. However the formation of this layer is hindered as the concentration of palladium in the filler metal is increased, which appears to be the primary cause of poor wettability in these compositions, as indicated by the substantial amount of porosity found along the braze/substrate interface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.073 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 158ED UT WOS:000245773100035 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Choi, BS Kang, K Choi, YS Yang, SI AF Kim, Seon Ho Choi, Beom Suk Kang, Kyongha Choi, Young-Suk Yang, Sung Ik TI Low temperature synthesis and growth mechanism of Ag nanowires SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Ag nanoparticles; Ag nanowires; low temperature growth; TEM ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; ASPECT RATIO; WAVE-GUIDES; SILVER; NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; SHAPES AB Silver nanorods and nanowires were successfully synthesized by converting nanoparticles at a relatively low temperature of 50 degrees C. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with hydrazine in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), decanoic acid, and dodecylamine. The aspect ratio could be controlled over a wide range, from I to 70 by varying the reaction time and temperature. A transmission electron microscopy study indicates that the ends of the nanowire are terminated by four {1 1 1} facets arranged radially to the < 1 0 0 > direction of elongation and side walls of the nanowires along the length is surrounded by < 1 1 0 > facets. The very selective Ag ions diffusion onto the highly reactive < 1 1 1 > facets is supposed to result in the anisotropic growth.) (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Environm & Appl Chem, Yongin 449701, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, SI (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Environm & Appl Chem, Yongin 449701, South Korea. EM youngsuk.choi@gmail.com; siyang@khu.ac.kr NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.053 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 158ED UT WOS:000245773100049 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Zaveri, RA AF Ghan, Steven J. Zaveri, Rahul A. TI Parameterization of optical properties for hydrated internally mixed aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; FOSSIL-FUEL AB [1] The optical properties of an internally mixed aerosol with a lognormal size distribution can be approximated in terms of analytic functions of the wet surface mode radius with coefficients that can be related to the wet refractive index. The wet radius is calculated from the dry radius and relative humidity using either the Kohler theory or the MOSAIC thermodynamic model. The hydration state of the aerosol in the hysteresis region between the crystallization and deliquescence relative humidities is diagnosed by comparing the aerosol water from the previous time step with the current water content of the hydrated aerosol. The wet refractive index is estimated from the volume fractions and refractive indices of all components of the aerosol, including water, using volume mixing for soluble components and an effective medium approximation for the insoluble components. The parameterization is evaluated by comparing with Mie solutions for ammonium sulfate, black carbon, and a 50: 50 mixture for a wide range in size distributions and relative humidity. Errors are usually less than 20% and are less then 30% for all conditions except when absolute values are small. The parameterization is suitable for any aerosol model that uses lognormal size distributions composed of internal mixtures of multiple aerosol components. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@arm.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10201 DI 10.1029/2006JD007927 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 172XT UT WOS:000246838800003 ER PT J AU Cox, S Lashley, JC Rosten, E Singleton, J Williams, AJ Littlewood, PB AF Cox, S. Lashley, J. C. Rosten, E. Singleton, J. Williams, A. J. Littlewood, P. B. TI Evidence for the charge-density-wave nature of the stripe phase in manganites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITES; ORDERED STRIPES; WIGNER-CRYSTAL; BI-STRIPE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; TRANSITION; OXIDE; HEAT; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; DIFFRACTION AB Heat capacity and magnetization measurements strongly suggest that the onset of the stripe phase in La0.50Ca0.50MnO3, La0.48Ca0.52MnO3 and Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 is due to the formation of a charge density wave. The transition associated with the onset of the stripe phase is second order, and it can be well modelled as a Peierls transition ( typically associated with charge-density-wave formation) in a disordered system (a 'dirty' Peierls transition). The entropy change at this transition is very similar for La0.50Ca0.50MnO3, La0.48Ca0.52MnO3 and Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3, suggesting a common origin. We show that this is not associated primarily with magnetic order since the magnetization varies by a factor of 100 between the compositions while the change in entropy remains roughly constant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Cox, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ms-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 19 AR 192201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/192201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 169BI UT WOS:000246567300002 ER PT J AU Wisbey, D Feng, DQ Bremer, MT Borca, CN Caruso, AN Silvernail, CM Belot, J Vescovo, E Ranno, L Dowben, PA AF Wisbey, David Feng, Danqin Bremer, Marshall T. Borca, Camelia N. Caruso, Anthony N. Silvernail, Carter M. Belot, John Vescovo, Elio Ranno, Laurent Dowben, Peter A. TI Electronic structure of a metal-organic copper spin-(1)/(2) molecule: Bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION; OXIDES; PHTHALOCYANINE; CONFORMATION; MULTILAYERS; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE; CRYSTAL AB The metal-organic molecule bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) (Cu(CNdpm)(2)) (C24H36N2O4Cu, Cu(II)) is a copper spin-(1)/(2) system with a magnetic moment of 1.05 +/- 0.04 mu(B)/molecule, slightly smaller than the 1.215 +/- 0.02 mu(B)/molecule for the larger size copper spin-(1)/(2) system C36H48N4O4Cu center dot C4H8O (bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) 4,4'-bipyridylethene-THF). There is generally good agreement between photoemission from vapor-deposited thin films of the C24H36N2O4Cu on Cu(111) and Co(111) and model calculations. Although this molecule is expected to have a gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the molecule remains surprisingly well screened in the photoemission final state. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. RP Belot, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jbelot2@unl.edu; pdowben@unl.edu OI Ranno, Laurent/0000-0002-1901-2285 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 19 BP 6249 EP 6254 DI 10.1021/ja069236e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 166XU UT WOS:000246415100039 PM 17455933 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Saraf, LV Hua, F AF Zhang, Qiaohui Saraf, L. V. Hua, Feng TI Transparent thin-film transistor with self-assembled nanocrystals SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR; MULTILAYER FILMS; PRESSURE SENSOR; CHANNEL LAYER; ZNO; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION AB The paper presents the fabrication of transparent devices using nanofabrication and nanomaterials. Clear and functional structures can be constructed over a large area with highly transparent nanocrystals via layer-by-layer self-assembly. The 12 nm SnO2 and SiO2 nanocrystals can form ultra-thin and uniform multilayers, serving as the active and insulating layers, respectively. Transistors fabricated by this method have a high optical transparency and reliable electrical performance. The averaged optical transmittance is higher than 85%. The usage of nanofabrication and nanomaterials solves some of the current fabricating problems for transparent devices. This technique is applicable to other transistor devices and circuits. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hua, F (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM fhua@clarkson.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 16 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 19 AR 195204 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/19/195204 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 169KA UT WOS:000246589900009 ER PT J AU Kim, W Guo, MQ Yang, PD Wang, DJ AF Kim, Woong Guo, Mingquan Yang, Peidong Wang, Daojing TI Microfabricated monolithic multinozzle emitters for nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION SOURCE; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; PROTEIN-ANALYSIS; SILICON; CHIP; MICROSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; GENERATION; MICROCHIP AB Mass spectrometry is the enabling technology for proteomics. To fully realize the enormous potential of lab-on-a-chip in proteomics, a major advance in interfacing microfluidics with mass spectrometry is needed. Here, we report the first demonstration of monolithic integration of multinozzle electrospray emitters with a microfluidic channel via a novel silicon microfabrication process. These microfabricated monolithic multinozzle emitters (M-3 emitters) can be readily mass-produced from silicon wafers. Each emitter consists of a parallel silica nozzle array protruding out from a hollow silicon sliver with a conduit size of 100 x 10 mu m. The dimension and number of freestanding nozzles can be systematically and precisely controlled during the fabrication process. Once integrated with a mass spectrometer, M-3 emitters achieved sensitivity and stability in peptide and protein detection comparable to those of commercial silica-based capillary nanoelectrospray tips. These M-3 emitters may play a role as a critical component in a fully integrated silicon/silica-based micro total analysis system for proteomics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu; djwang@lbl.gov RI Kim, Woong/C-7067-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R21GM077870] NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 3703 EP 3707 DI 10.1021/ac070010j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 166XO UT WOS:000246414400023 PM 17444614 ER PT J AU Leon, A Teh, SJ Hall, LC Teh, FC AF Leon, Abimael Teh, Swee J. Hall, Linda C. Teh, Foo C. TI Androgen disruption of early development in Qurt strain medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Qurt medaka; Oryzias latipes; androgens; antiandrogens; endocrine disruption ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FATHEAD MINNOW; ANTIANDROGEN FLUTAMIDE; SEX-REVERSAL; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGENS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; MILL EFFLUENT AB Androgen disrupting chemicals (ADCs) are widespread in the aquatic environment, where they may pose a risk to aquatic organisms during critical periods of development. In this study, static renewal 96-h toxicity tests were followed over a 3-month growth period to investigate the endocrine disrupting effects of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and the antiandrogen flutamide (FLU) on 1-week-old Qurt strain medaka larvae. The measured endpoints included: survival, growth performance (i.e., body weight, body length, condition index), and histopathology. There was no significant acute mortality, except for males treated with the highest FLU concentration (96 h-LC50 = 1.92 mg/l). Gender-specific effects in growth were identified after 11-KT and FLU treatments. Histopathological alterations including thyroid follicular hypertrophy (TFH), germ cell necrosis (GCN), ovarian atresia (OA), and testis-ova (TO) were observed in medaka at 90-day post-exposure. We observed TFH in all 11-KT treatment levels. The incidence of TFH in males was double that in females 11-KT or FLU treatment. Females showed GCN at lower 11-KT concentrations (0.01, 0.1 mg/l) than males (1.0 mg/l). Severe OA was observed at low (0.01 mg/l) and high (1.0 mg/l) 11-KT concentrations in females. Flutamide induced TO (0.32, 1.0 mg/l), ovarian cell necrosis (0.32 mg/l), and disrupted spermatogenesis (3.2 mg/l) in males. The lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) for TO induction in Qurt medaka males was 0.32 mg/l. The present study underscores the importance of fish early life stage tests for detecting the interaction of ADCs with the reproductive and thyroid glands in both genders. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Aqut Toxicol Program, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Teh, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Aqut Toxicol Program, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, 1321 Haring Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjteh@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.02.012 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 163DL UT WOS:000246138800005 PM 17383742 ER PT J AU Itoh, M Nelson, CM Myers, CA Bissell, MJ AF Itoh, Masahiko Nelson, Celeste M. Myers, Connie A. Bissell, Mina J. TI Rap1 integrates tissue polarity, lumen formation, and tumorigenic potential in human breast epithelial cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KINASE ACTIVATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; ADHESION; APOPTOSIS; GTPASE; INDUCTION; CADHERIN AB Maintenance of apico-basal polarity in normal breast epithelial acini requires a balance between cell proliferation, cell death, and proper cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix signaling. Aberrations in any of these processes can disrupt tissue architecture and initiate tumor formation. Here, we show that the small GTPase Rap1 is a crucial element in organizing acinar structure and inducing lumen formation. Rap1 activity in malignant HMT-3522 T4-2 cells is appreciably higher than in S1 cells, their nonmalignant counterparts. Expression of dominant-negative Rap1 resulted in phenotypic reversion of T4-2 cells, led to the formation of acinar structures with correct polarity, and dramatically reduced tumor incidence despite the persistence of genomic abnormalities and baseline growth. The resulting acini contained prominent central lumina not observed when other reverting agents were used. Conversely, expression of dominant-active Rap1 in T4-2 cells inhibited phenotypic reversion and led to increased invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Thus, Rap1 acts as a central regulator of breast architecture, with normal levels of activation instructing polarity during acinar morphogenesis, and increased activation inducing tumor formation and progression to malignancy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Itoh, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mitoh@dokkyomed.ac.jp; mjbissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA064786-07, CA64786, R01 CA064786, R37 CA064786] NR 50 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4759 EP 4766 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4246 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 172BG UT WOS:000246778500026 PM 17510404 ER PT J AU Steinhart, M Liang, CD Lynn, GW Gosele, U Dai, S AF Steinhart, Martin Liang, Chengdu Lynn, Gary W. Gosele, Ulrich Dai, Sheng TI Direct synthesis of mesoporous carbon microwires and nanowires SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA MEMBRANES; POROUS ALUMINA; ARRAYS; SILICA; PORES; REPLICATION; CONFINEMENT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. RP Steinhart, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM steinhart@mpi-halle.de; dais@ornl.gov RI Steinhart, Martin/B-7811-2011; Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Steinhart, Martin/0000-0002-5241-8498; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 23 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2383 EP 2385 DI 10.1021/cm070455o PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165DD UT WOS:000246283200001 ER PT J AU Wellons, MS Morris, WH Gai, Z Shen, J Bentley, J Wittig, JE Lukehart, CM AF Wellons, Matthew S. Morris, William H., III Gai, Zheng Shen, Jian Bentley, James Wittig, James E. Lukehart, Charles M. TI Direct synthesis and size selection of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BRIDGING PH2PCH2PPH2 LIGAND; RELATIVE PERFORMANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; CATALYSTS; NANOCRYSTALS; COALESCENCE; ASSEMBLIES; COMPLEXES; PRECURSOR AB A one-step synthesis of L1(0) FePt nanoparticles ca. 17.0 nm in diameter by reductive decomposition of the single-source precursor, FePt(CO)(4)dppmBr(2), on a water-soluble support (Na2CO3) is demonstrated. Direct conversion of a FePt(CO)(4)dppmBr(2)/Na2CO3 composite to a L1(0) FePt/Na2CO3 nanocomposite occurs at 600 degrees C under getter gas with metal-ion reduction and minimal nanoparticle coalescence. Triturating the resulting nanocomposite with water simultaneously dissolves the sodium carbonate solid support and precipitates the formed fct FePt nanoparticles. As-prepared FePt nanoparticles are ferromagnetic and exhibit coercivities of 14.5 kOe at 300 K and 21.8 kOe at 5 K. When capped by functionalized methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) surfactant molecules, as-prepared, polydisperse ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles can be dispersed and size-selected by fractional precipitation. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lukehart, CM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Box 1583, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM chuck.lukehart@vanderbilt.edu RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559 NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2483 EP 2488 DI 10.1021/cm062455e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165DD UT WOS:000246283200016 ER PT J AU Gateshki, M Yin, S Ren, Y Petkov, V AF Gateshki, Milen Yin, Shu Ren, Yang Petkov, Valeri TI Titania polymorphs by soft chemistry: Is there a common structural pattern? SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ANATASE; NANOSHEETS; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; REFINEMENT; PROGRAM; OXIDES AB The structural aspects of a soft chemical route(1) employed to obtain nitrogen-doped brookite, rutile, or anatase fine crystallite powders are revealed by total X-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function analysis. It is found that the route first passes through a heavily disordered phase consisting of nanosize layers of TiO6 octahedra, similar to those occurring in the lepidocrocite-type structure. That phase is then transformed into a particular titania polymorph by rearranging the layers in a controlled way. The lepidocrocite-type structure thus again proves to be a very useful template in the soft chemistry of titania. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2512 EP 2518 DI 10.1021/cm0630587 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165DD UT WOS:000246283200020 ER PT J AU Otake, T Wesolowski, DJ Anovitz, LM Allard, LF Ohmoto, H AF Otake, Tsubasa Wesolowski, David J. Anovitz, Lawrence M. Allard, Lawrence F. Ohmoto, Hiroshi TI Experimental evidence for non-redox transformations between magnetite and hematite under H-2-rich hydrothermal conditions SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hematite; magnetite; non-redox transformation; iron ore deposits; banded iron formations; corrosion ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; IRON-OXIDE; HAMERSLEY PROVINCE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CARBON-STEEL; WATER-VAPOR; COMPLEXATION; ORIGIN; CORROSION AB Transformations of magnetite ((FeFe2O4)-Fe-II-O-III) to hematite ((Fe2O3)-O-III) (and vice versa) have been thought by many scientists and engineers to require molecular O-2 and/or H-2. Thus, the presence of magnetite and/or hematite in rocks has been linked to a specific oxidation environment. However, the availability of reductants or oxidants in many geologic and industrial environments appears to have been too low to account for the transformations of iron oxides through redox reactions. Here, we report the results of hydrothermal experiments in mildly acidic and H-2-rich aqueous solutions at 150 degrees C, which demonstrate that transformations of magnetite to hematite, and hematite to magnetite, occur rapidly without involving molecular O-2 or H-2: Fe3O4(Mt) + 2H((aq))(+) <-> Fe2O3 (Hm) + Fe-(aq)(2+) + H2O The transformation products are chemically and structurally homogeneous, and typically occur as euhedral single crystals much larger than the precursor minerals. This suggests that, in addition to the expected release of aqueous ferrous species to solution, the transformations involve release of aqueous ferric species from the precursor oxides to the solution, which reprecipitate without being reduced by H-2. These redox-independent transformations may have been responsible for the formation of some iron oxides in natural systems, such as high-grade hematite ores that developed from Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), hematite-rich deposits formed on Mars, corrosion products in power plants and other industrial systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Otake, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 437 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM totake@geosc.psu.edu RI Otake, Tsubasa/D-6137-2012; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.022 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 173FE UT WOS:000246858100006 ER PT J AU Wiser, RH AF Wiser, Ryan H. TI Using contingent valuation to explore willingness to pay for renewable energy: A comparison of collective and voluntary payment vehicles SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; renewable energy; willingness to pay; payment vehicles ID PUBLIC-GOODS; INFORMATION; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; DONATIONS; RESOURCE; BEHAVIOR; VALUES; NORMS; COST AB This study uses a split-sample, dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey of 1574 U.S. residents to explore willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy under collective and voluntary payment vehicles, and under government and private provision of the good. We also evaluate the impact of "participation expectations" on stated WTP. We find some evidence that, when confronted with a collective payment mechanism, respondents state a somewhat higher WTP than when voluntary payment mechanisms are used. Similarly, private provision of the good elicits a somewhat higher WTP than does government provision. We also find that contingent valuation responses are strongly correlated with expectations for the WTP of others. Our results shed light on strategic response behavior and the incentive compatibility of different CV designs, and offer practical insight into U.S. household preferences for how to support renewable energy. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wiser, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhwiser@lbl.gov NR 72 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3-4 BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.003 PG 14 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 176JD UT WOS:000247080100004 ER PT J AU See, SW Balasubramanian, R Rianawati, E Karthikeyan, S Streets, DG AF See, Siao Wei Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar Rianawati, Elisabeth Karthikeyan, Sathrugnan Streets, David G. TI Characterization and source apportionment of particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in Sumatra, Indonesia, during a recent peat fire episode SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KETOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOLS; BIOMASS; EMISSIONS; ELEMENTS; HEALTH; PM2.5; DICARBONYLS AB An intensive field study was conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia, during a peat fire episode to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate emissions in peat smoke and to provide necessary data for source-receptor analyses. Ambient air sampling was carried out at three different sites located at varying distances from the peat fires to determine changes in mass and number concentrations of PM2.5 and its chemical composition (carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, water-soluble inorganic and organic ions, and total and water-soluble metals). The three sites represent a rural site directly affected by the local peat combustion, a semirural site, and an urban site situated downwind of the peat fires. The mass concentration of PM2.5 and the number concentration of airborne particles were as high as 1600 mu g/m(3) and 1.7 x 10(5) cm(-3), respectively, in the vicinity of peat fires. The major components of PM2.5 in peat smoke haze were carbonaceous particles, particularly organic carbon, NO3-, and SO42-, while the less abundant constituents included ions such as NH4+, NO2-, Na+, K+, organic acids, and metals such as Al, Fe, and Ti. Source apportionment by chemical mass balance receptor modeling indicates that peat smoke can travel long distances and significantly affect the air quality at locations downwind. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Engn, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balasubramanian, R (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Engn, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Bloack EA 07-23,9 Engn Dr 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM eserbala@nus.edu.sg RI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 OI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628; NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3488 EP 3494 DI 10.1021/es061943k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166IG UT WOS:000246371800022 PM 17547168 ER PT J AU Um, W Serne, RJ Krupka, KM AF Um, Wooyong Serne, R. Jeffrey Krupka, Kenneth M. TI Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) sorption to hanford sediment with varying geochemical conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM(VI) SORPTION; ADSORPTION; CARBONATE; CALCITE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECIATION; XAFS; PH AB A series of U(VI) sorption experiments with varying pH, ionic strength, concentrations of dissolved U(VI), and alkalinity was conducted to provide a more realistic database for U(VI) sorption onto near-field vadose zone sediments at the proposed Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) on the Hanford Site, Washington. The distribution coefficient (K-d) for U(VI) in a leachate that is predicted to result from the weathering of vitrified wastes disposed in the IDF is 0 mL/g due to the high sodium and carbonate concentrations and high pH of the glass leachate. However, when the pH and alkalinity of the IDF sediment native pore water increases during mixing with the glass leachate, U(VI) uptake is observed and the value of the U(VI) K-d increases 4.3 mL/g, because of U(VI) coprecipitation with newly formed calcite. A nonelectrostatic, generalized composite approach for surface complexation modeling was applied and a combination of two U(VI) surface species, monodentate (SOUO2+), and bidentate (SO2UO2(CO3)(2-)), simulated the measured U(VI) sorption data very well. The generalized composite surface complexation model, when compared to the constant or single-valued K-d model, more accurately predicted U(VI) sorption under the varying geochemical conditions expected at the IDF. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Um, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS P7-22, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wooyong.um@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3587 EP 3592 DI 10.1021/es0616940 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166IG UT WOS:000246371800036 PM 17547182 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Jackson, BP Hopkins, WA AF Unrine, Jason M. Jackson, Brian P. Hopkins, William A. TI Selenomethionine biotransformation and incorporation into proteins along a simulated terrestrial food chain SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUBLE SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS; HPLC-ICP-MS; SPECIATION; RAT; SE; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; PATHWAY AB Selenium is an essential trace element in vertebrates, but there is a narrow concentration range between dietary requirement and toxicity threshold. Although a great deal is known about the biochemistry of Se from a nutritional perspective, considerably less attention has been focused on the specific biochemistry of Se as an environmental toxicant. Recent advances in hyphenated analytical techniques have provided the capability of quantifying specific chemical forms of Se in biological tissues as well as the distribution of Se among macromolecules. We applied liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate biotransformations of selenomethionine along a simulated terrestrial food chain consisting of selenomethionine exposed crickets (Acheta domesticus) fed to western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis). Evidence was obtained for selenomethionine biotransformation as well as for sex-specific differences in the metabolism of Se compounds and their subsequent incorporation into proteins in the lizard. The results demonstrate the complexities involved in trophic transfer of Se due to the potential for extensive biotransformation and the species- and even sex-specific nature of these biotransformations. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM unrine@srel.edu OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3601 EP 3606 DI 10.1021/es062073+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166IG UT WOS:000246371800038 PM 17547184 ER PT J AU Fantle, MS DePaolo, DJ AF Fantle, Matthew S. DePaolo, Donald J. TI Ca isotopes in carbonate sediment and pore fluid from ODP Site 807A: The Ca2+(aq)-calcite equilibrium fractionation factor and calcite recrystallization rates in Pleistocene sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA CARBONATES; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; NUMERICAL-MODELS; TRACE-ELEMENT; SEAWATER; SR; DIAGENESIS; PRECIPITATION; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION AB The calcium isotopic compositions (delta Ca-44) of 30 high-purity nannofossil ooze and chalk and 7 pore fluid samples from ODP Site 807A (Ontong Java Plateau) are used in conjunction with numerical models to determine the equilibrium calcium isotope fractionation factor (alpha(s-f)) between calcite and dissolved Ca2+ and the rates of post-depositional recrystallization in deep sea carbonate ooze. The value of alpha(s-f) at equilibrium in the marine sedimentary section is 1.0000 +/- 0.0001, which is significantly different from the value (0.9987 +/- 10.0002) found in laboratory experiments of calcite precipitation and in the formation of biogenic calcite in the surface ocean. We hypothesize that this fractionation factor is relevant to calcite precipitation in any system at equilibrium and that this equilibrium fractionation factor has implications for the mechanisms responsible for Ca isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation. We describe a steady state model that offers a unified framework for explaining Ca isotope fractionation across the observed precipitation rate range of similar to 14 orders of magnitude. The model attributes Ca isotope fractionation to the relative balance between the attachment and detachment fluxes at the calcite crystal surface. This model represents our hypothesis for the mechanism responsible for isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation. The Ca isotope data provide evidence that the bulk rate of calcite recrystallization in freshly-deposited carbonate ooze is 30-40%/Myr, and decreases with age to about 2%/Myr in 2-3 million year old sediment. The recrystallization rates determined from Ca isotopes for Pleistocene sediments are higher than those previously inferred from pore fluid Sr concentration and are consistent with rates derived for Late Pleistocene siliciclastic sediments using uranium isotopes. Combining our results for the equilibrium fractionation factor and recrystallization rates, we evaluate the effect of diagenesis on the Ca isotopic composition of marine carbonates at Site 807A. Since calcite precipitation rates in the sedimentary column are many orders of magnitude slower than laboratory experiments and the pore fluids are only slightly oversaturated with respect to calcite, the isotopic composition of diagenetic calcite is likely to reflect equilibrium precipitation. Accordingly, diagenesis produces a maximum shift in delta Ca-44 of +0.15%. for Site 807A sediments but will have a larger impact where sedimentation rates are low, seawater circulates through the sediment pile, or there are prolonged depositional hiatuses. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fantle, MS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mfantle@geosc.psu.edu NR 60 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 8 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2524 EP 2546 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.006 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 170XN UT WOS:000246699600008 ER PT J AU Ringle, R Bollen, G Prinke, A Savory, J Schury, P Schwarz, S Sun, T AF Ringle, R. Bollen, G. Prinke, A. Savory, J. Schury, P. Schwarz, S. Sun, T. TI A "Lorentz" steerer for ion injection into a Penning trap SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Penning trap; ion injection; mass measurement ID PRECISION MASS MEASUREMENTS; LEBIT; DISSOCIATION; ACCURACY; ISOLTRAP; SYSTEM AB A technique for precise control of ion injection into a Penning trap is presented, based on the employment of an (E) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow drift motion of the ion in the strong magnetic field in which the Penning trap is located. An electric dipole field with variable strength and orientation allows for precise placement of the ion in the radial plane of the trap. This method allows for fast preparation of an ion's magnetron motion, as used, for example, in the time-of-flight cyclotron resonance detection technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ringle, R (reprint author), TRIUMF Natl Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM ringle@triumf.ca RI Ringle, Ryan/A-1610-2010; Savory, Joshua/K-6978-2012 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 263 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.12.008 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 164PS UT WOS:000246246700005 ER PT J AU Fabris, FW Pekala, M Drozd, V Fagnard, JF Vanderbemden, P Liu, RS Ausloos, M AF Fabris, F. Wolff Pekala, M. Drozd, V. Fagnard, J-F. Vanderbemden, Ph. Liu, Ru-Shi Ausloos, M. TI Magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties of Tb0.9Sn0.1MnO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; TRANSPORT AB The magnetocaloric effect in magnetic materials is of great interest nowadays. In this article we present an investigation about the magnetic properties near the magnetic transition in a polycrystalline sample of a manganite Tb0.9Sn0.1MnO3. Particularly, we are interested in describing the nature of the magnetic interactions and the magnetocaloric effect in this compound. The temperature dependence of the magnetization was measured to determine the characteristics of the magnetic transition and the magnetic entropy change was calculated from magnetization curves at different temperatures. The magnetic solid is paramagnetic at high temperatures. We observe a dominant antiferromagnetic interaction below T-n=38 K for low applied magnetic fields; the presence of Sn doping in this compound decreases the Neel temperature of the pure TbMnO3 system. A drastic increase in the magnetization as a function of temperature near the magnetic transition suggests a strong magnetocaloric effect. We found a large magnetic entropy change Delta S-M(T) of about -4 J/kg K at H=3 T. We believe that the magnetic entropy change is associated with the magnetic transition and we interpret it as due to the coupling between the magnetic field and the spin ordering. This relatively large value and broad temperature interval (about 35 K) of the magnetocaloric effect make the present compound a promising candidate for magnetic refrigerators at low temperatures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Liege, Montefiore Inst Elect, SUPRATECS, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Fabris, FW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Drozd, Vadym/B-2518-2009; Liu, Ru-Shi/A-6796-2010 OI Liu, Ru-Shi/0000-0002-1291-9052 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 AR 103904 DI 10.1063/1.2732453 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173RZ UT WOS:000246891500082 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Park, S Roy, S Sinha, SK Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, OL Woodford, JB AF Johnson, Jacqueline A. Park, Sungkyun Roy, Sujoy Sinha, Sunil K. Erdemir, Ali Eryilmaz, Osman L. Woodford, John B. TI Complementary neutron and x-ray reflectivity studies of "near-frictionless" carbon films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AB "Near-frictionless carbon," a form of amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like-carbon developed at Argonne National Laboratory, has been investigated by neutron and x-ray reflectivity under ambient conditions, in vacuum, and at elevated temperature. A series of films was made with different ratios of hydrogen to carbon in the plasma; the deuterated counterparts were also synthesized. The details of scattering length density profiles, thickness, and surface and interfacial roughness of the films were obtained from neutron and x-ray reflectivity profiles. This allowed us to calculate the mass density and hydrogen composition of the bulk carbon film, leading to insight into the frictional properties. From the analysis we found that the magnitude of the scattering length density of the top surface layer was greatly affected by the experimental atmosphere in which the films were contained although the trend with hydrogen in the plasma remained the same. All samples were fitted with a three-layer model in addition to the substrate. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 AR 103538 DI 10.1063/1.2735678 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173RZ UT WOS:000246891500058 ER PT J AU Xu, W De Long, LE Charlton, T Chisholm, M Lederman, D AF Xu, Wentao De Long, Lance E. Charlton, Timothy Chisholm, Matthew Lederman, David TI Structural and compositional characterization of a Co/Re multilayer and superlattice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ROUGHNESS; INTERFACE; ANISOTROPY AB The structure and composition of a Co/Re trilayer and a 19-period superlattice were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM). Low-angle x-ray reflectivity measurements were performed and compared with the TEM results. The Re and Co layers are epitaxial with their (1010) planes parallel to the (1120) plane of Al2O3, and the [001] direction of Re and Co layers coincides with that of the Al2O3. The in-plane lattice parameters for Co, Re, and Al2O3 are approximately 0.24 and 0.43 nm, 0.26 and 0.44 nm, and 0.24 and 0.44 nm, respectively, in the superlattice. The lattice spacing of Al2O3 corresponds to a/2 and c/3, where a and c are lattice parameters of the Al2O3. High-angle and low-angle annular-dark-field STEM and nanoscale electron energy loss spectroscopy line analysis exhibit very weak interdiffusion between Co and Re layers; therefore, very sharp interfaces are maintained in the superlattice. The initial interface roughness between the Re buffer layer and the first Co layer is amplified during the subsequent growth of the superlattices. Layer thickness fluctuations are much smaller in the Re/Co superlattice than the interface roughness, which suggests that interface roughness plays a more important role in the giant magnetoresistance effect than thickness fluctuations of the spacer layer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lederman, D (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM david.lederman@mail.wvu.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 AR 103920 DI 10.1063/1.2738425 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173RZ UT WOS:000246891500098 ER PT J AU Choi, SG Schultz, BD Wang, YQ Palmstrom, CJ AF Choi, S. G. Schultz, B. D. Wang, Y. Q. Palmstrom, C. J. TI Molecular beam epitaxy of ScxEr1-xSb on InAs(100) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE growth models; molecular beam epitaxy; antinion ides; rare earth compounds ID GROWTH MODE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAAS; SUPERLATTICES; ERAS; ERSB; GASB; SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOPARTICLES; (001)GAAS AB The successful molecular beam epitaxial growth of single crystalline ScxEr1-xSb compounds on InAs(1 0 0) substrates has been demonstrated. Ex situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with ion channeling studies indicate high crystalline quality. The surface reconstruction was monitored in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) during the growth and low-energy electron diffraction post growth. The ScxEr1-xSb(1 0 0) surface exhibited a mixed (1 x 4)/(4 x 1) reconstruction. The RHEED patterns and the RHEED intensity oscillations during the growth are consistent with an embedded growth mechanism for the initial ScxEr1-xSb growth on InAs. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Palmstrom, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM palms001@umn.edu RI Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 303 IS 2 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.11.340 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 171NE UT WOS:000246741900010 ER PT J AU Kollias, P Tselioudis, G Albrecht, BA AF Kollias, Pavlos Tselioudis, George Albrecht, Bruce A. TI Cloud climatology at the Southern Great Plains and the layer structure, drizzle, and atmospheric modes of continental stratus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ARM CART; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; FRACTION; SITE AB [1] Long-term (6.5 years) cloud observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements ( ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) climate research facility in Oklahoma are used to develop detailed cloud climatology. Clouds are classified with respect to their altitude ( low, middle, and high), vertical development, and the presence of multilayer clouds. Single-layered cirrus, middle or low clouds were observed a total of 23% of the time the MilliMeter Cloud Radar (MMCR) was operating, and multilayer clouds were observed 20.5% of the time. Boundary layer clouds exhibit the strongest seasonal variability because of continental stratus associated with midlatitude frontal systems. Cirrus clouds are the most frequently observed cloud type and exhibit strong seasonal variability in cloud base height ( higher cloud base during the summer months) and relatively constant cloud fraction. The majority of middle-level clouds are shallow with vertical extent less than 1 km. No strong seasonal cycle in the fractional coverage of multilayer clouds is observed. Continental stratus clouds exhibit strong seasonal variability with maximum occurrence during the cold seasons. Nondrizzling stratus clouds exhibit a bimodal seasonal variability with maximum occurrences in the fall and spring, while drizzling stratus occur most frequently in the winter. Thermodynamic and dynamic variables from soundings and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Model (ECMWF) analyses at the SGP site illustrate an interesting coupling between strong large-scale forcing and the formation of single-layered ( no other cloud layer is present) continental stratus clouds. Single-layered stratus clouds ( drizzling and nondrizzling) exhibit a strong correlation with positive omega at 500 mbar and strong northerly flow. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Miami, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kollias, P (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM pavlos.kollias@mcgill.ca NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D9 AR D09116 DI 10.1029/2006JD007307 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 172XR UT WOS:000246838600007 ER PT J AU Kim, S Chen, L Johnson, JK Marand, E AF Kim, Sangil Chen, Liang Johnson, J. Karl Marand, Eva TI Polysulfone and functionalized carbon nanotube mixed matrix membranes for gas separation: Theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixed matrix membranes; carbon nanotubes; gas separation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SELF-DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; BUNDLES; NITROGEN; SORPTION; DISSOLUTION AB Novel nanocomposite membranes containing single walled carbon nanotubes inside a polysulfone matrix have been prepared and characterized. The carbon nanotubes were functionalized with long chain alkyl amines to facilitate dispersion in the polymer. Both permeabilities and diffusivities of the membranes increased with increasing weight fraction of carbon nanotubes at 4 atm. Experimental sorption isotherms of H-2, O-2,O- CH4 and CO2 were consistent with isotherms predicted by atomistic simulations. Comparison of CO2 adsorption of closed and open nanotubes with simulations of closed and partially open carbon nanotube bundles suggests that HiPco nanotubes are approximately 47% open. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Marand, E (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM emarand@vt.edu RI Chen, Liang/B-3418-2008; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 80 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 9 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 194DZ UT WOS:000248325800017 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Simonson, JM AF Chialvo, Ariel A. Simonson, J. Michael TI Ion pairing and counterion condensation in aqueous electrolyte and polyelectrolyte solutions: Insights from molecular simulation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European/Japanese Molecular Liquids Groups Interdisciplinary Conference CY SEP 04-08, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Mole Liquids Grp, Japanese Mole Liquids Grp DE counterion condensation; ion pairing; polyelectrolytes; molecular dynamics simulation ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MULTIVALENT SALTS; LITHIUM BROMIDE; SCATTERING; HYDRATION; THERMODYNAMICS; ACETONITRILE; SOLVATION; NICL2; WATER AB We discuss the molecular-based study of ion-pair formation in LiCl aqueous solutions and its implications on the interpretation of the raw data from neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution experiments, the counterion condensation in aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions comprising short-chain lithium poly-styrene sulfonate (L+-PSS-), as well as their interplay leading to the occurrence of "like-charge" attractive interactions in the presence of salts of polyvalent counterions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2006.12.017 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 166OM UT WOS:000246388400004 ER PT J AU Baranyai, A Bartok, A Chialvo, AA AF Baranyai, Andras Bartok, Albert Chialvo, Ariel A. TI Testing the adequacy of simple water models at the opposite ends of the phase diagram SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European/Japanese Molecular Liquids Groups Interdisciplinary Conference CY SEP 04-08, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Mole Liquids Grp, Japanese Mole Liquids Grp DE water and ice; computer simulations; vapor-liquid equilibrium; classical models ID LIQUID WATER; COEXISTENCE PROPERTIES; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; TIP5P MODELS; POLAR ICE; SIMULATIONS; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY; OXIDATION; FLUIDS AB The transferability of of few simple rigid non-polarizable water models were tested by Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo simulations to predict their vapor-liquid phase equilibria, and by isothermal-isobaric (Parrinello-Rahman) Monte Carlo simulations of the 13 known crystalline phases of ice. The temperature dependence of the corresponding second virial coefficients was also determined and then used to test the internal consistency of the simulated vapor-phase densities. The model predictions appear satisfactory for liquid water for ambient conditions, but they fail to mimic accurately the properties of the ice polymorphs and the orthobaric vapor phase. The major shortcomings of the models were in the overestimation by a factor of two (similar to 4-6 kJ/mol) of the internal energy difference between the high-pressure ice phases and the hexagonal phase. This unacceptable discrepancy is caused by the parameterization to reproduce the density of liquid water at ambient conditions, that accounts for the significant polarization effects in the condensed phases in terms of augmented dipole moments, with the consequent detrimental effect on the estimations of the vapor-phase properties. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1-3 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2006.12.021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 166OM UT WOS:000246388400015 ER PT J AU Janney, DE Porter, DL AF Janney, Dawn E. Porter, Douglas L. TI Characterization of phases in 'crud' from boiling-water reactors by transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CATION DISTRIBUTION; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; AKAGANEITE; HEMATITE; NEUTRON; SPINEL AB This paper reports phases identified in samples of crud (activated corrosion products) from two commercial boilingwater reactors using transmission and analytical electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction. Franklinite (ZnFe2O4) was observed in both samples. Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), crystalline silica (SiO2), a fine-grained mixture of iron oxides probably including magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), and goethite (alpha-FeOOH), and an unidentified highBa, high-S phase were observed in one of the samples. Willemite (Zn2SiO4), amorphous silica, and an unidentified ironchromium phase were observed in the other. Chloride-bearing phases were found in both samples, and are assumed to represent sample contaminants. Because of the small sample volumes and numbers of particles studied and the possibility of contamination, it is not clear whether the differences between the phases observed in the two crud samples represent actual differences in the assemblages formed in the reactors. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Janney, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM dawn.janney@inl.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.11.009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168OB UT WOS:000246532800012 ER PT J AU Wang, JA Rao, NSV Konduri, S AF Wang, J. A. Rao, N. S. V. Konduri, S. TI The development of radiation embrittlement models for US power reactor pressure vessel steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; SENSOR AB A new approach of utilizing information fusion technique is developed to predict the radiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels. The Charpy transition temperature shift data contained in the Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. Six parameters-Cu, Ni, P, neutron fluence, irradiation time, and irradiation temperature - are used in the embrittlement prediction models. The results indicate that this new embrittlement predictor achieved reductions of about 49.5% and 52% in the uncertainties for plate and weld data, respectively, for pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor data, compared with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.99, Rev. 2. The implications of dose-rate effect and irradiation temperature effects for the development of radiation embrittlement models are also discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.013 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 168OB UT WOS:000246532800013 ER PT J AU Walz, KA Handrick, A Szczech, JR Stoiber, LC Suyama, AN Suyama, WF Zeltner, WA Johnson, CS Anderson, MA AF Walz, Kenneth A. Handrick, Aaron Szczech, Jeannine R. Stoiber, Lucas C. Suyama, Amy N. Suyama, Wendy F. Zeltner, Walter A. Johnson, Christopher S. Anderson, Marc A. TI Evaluation of SiO2 and TiO2 coated BaFeO4 cathode materials for zinc alkaline and lithium non-aqueous primary batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE batteries; ferrate; Fe(VI); BaFeO4; SiO2; TiO2 ID SUPER-IRON BATTERY; SOL-GEL ROUTE; FE(VI) FERRATE; POTASSIUM FERRATE(VI); CHARGE-TRANSFER; ELECTROLYTE; K2FEO4; SALT; ZRO2 AB Barium ferrate material was coated with nanoparticulate thin films of SiO2 and TiO2 using sol-gel techniques, and was evaluated for use in both zinc-alkaline and lithium non-aqueous batteries. lron(VI) content was monitored for ferrate materials stored under dry conditions and wetted with KOH and LiPF6 electrolytes. Coated barium ferrate demonstrated improved stability relative to uncoated BaFeO4- SiO2 coated materials do not appear to be useful for either zinc alkaline or lithium non-aqueous systems at this time. TiO2 coated materials demonstrated poor shelf life in alkaline electrolyte, but provided somewhat more favorable results in the lithium cells. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walz, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kawalz@wisc.edu RI Anderson, Marc/I-2437-2015 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 2 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 168RX UT WOS:000246542800044 ER PT J AU Mowery, DM Clough, RL Assink, RA AF Mowery, Daniel M. Clough, Roger L. Assink, Roger A. TI Identification of oxidation products in selectively labeled polypropylene with solid-state C-13 NMR techniques SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-SHIFT-ANISOTROPY; THERMAL-OXIDATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ROTATING SOLIDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; PHOTOOXIDATION AB Oxidatively degraded polypropylene (PP) samples, with selective C-13 labeling of the three carbon sites on the PP chain (tertiary, secondary, and methyl carbons), have been analyzed with a suite of one- and two-dimensional solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments that have been used to assign several C-13 resonances attributed to oxidation-induced functional groups. These NMR techniques, several of which were recently developed, included dipolar dephasing for MAS speeds >= 10 kHz, chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) filtering, SUPER NMR to separate quasi-static CSA patterns, and H-1-C-13 heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR). In the course of the study, it has been demonstrated that NMR experiments which utilize the C-13 CSA for resonance identification can be sensitive to sample temperature as a result of molecular motion-induced averaging of the CSA. These experiments have allowed hemiketal groups to be identified for the first time to our knowledge in oxidized PP. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hemiketals and other functional groups have been discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mowery, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM MMowery@dow.com NR 32 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3615 EP 3623 DI 10.1021/ma062689j PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 165CE UT WOS:000246280600018 ER PT J AU Cerreta, E Yablinsky, CA Gray, GT Vogel, SC Brown, DW AF Cerreta, E. Yablinsky, C. A. Gray, G. T., III Vogel, S. C. Brown, D. W. TI The influence of grain size and texture on the mechanical response of high purity hafnium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; grain size effects; texture; hafnium ID STRAIN-RATE; FLOW-STRESS; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; DEPENDENCE; ZIRCONIUM; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; ZR; DIFFRACTION AB The mechanical behavior of hafnium is influenced by texture, strain rate, temperature, chemistry, and stress state; however the effects of microstructure remain poorly understood. As is observed in other group IVb elements, such as titanium and zirconium, deformation in hafnium at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates occurs through a combination of prismatic slip, pyramidal slip, and twinning. For titanium and zirconium, the mechanical behavior has been previously shown to be highly dependent upon the average grain size of the material. Here, the effects of grain size on the mechanical response of high purity hafnium tested in compression are systematically probed and the flow stress and work hardening behavior is correlated with the substructural and textural evolution during deformation. The influence of strain rate, temperature, and texture as a function of the microstructure is examined and Hall-Petch constants for hafnium are calculated. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cerreta, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8-MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ecerreta@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Yablinsky, Clarissa/0000-0001-6162-0949; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 456 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.111 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167YA UT WOS:000246487300034 ER PT J AU Gibelin, J Beaumel, D Motobayashi, T Aoi, N Baba, H Blumenfeld, Y Elekes, Z Fortier, S Frascaria, N Fukuda, N Gomi, T Ishikawa, K Kondo, Y Kubo, T Lima, V Nakamura, T Saito, A Satou, Y Takeshita, E Takeuchi, S Teranishi, T Togano, Y Vinodkumar, AM Yanagisawa, Y Yoshida, K AF Gibelin, J. Beaumel, D. Motobayashi, T. Aoi, N. Baba, H. Blumenfeld, Y. Elekes, Z. Fortier, S. Frascaria, N. Fukuda, N. Gomi, T. Ishikawa, K. Kondo, Y. Kubo, T. Lima, V. Nakamura, T. Saito, A. Satou, Y. Takeshita, E. Takeuchi, S. Teranishi, T. Togano, Y. Vinodkumar, A. M. Yanagisawa, Y. Yoshida, K. TI Search for low lying dipole strength in the neutron rich nucleus Ne-26 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Collective Motion in Nuclei Under Extreme Conditions CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL St Goar, GERMANY SP GSI, Darmstadt Univ Technol, Inst Nucl Phys ID GIANT-RESONANCES; EXCITATION; MEV/U AB Coulomb excitation of the exotic neutron-rich nucleus Ne-26 on a Pb-nat target was measured at 58 A.MeV in order to search for low-lying El strength above the neutron emission threshold. Data were also taken on an Al-nat target to estimate the nuclear contribution. The radioactive beam was produced by fragmentation of a 95 A.MeV Ar-40 beam delivered by the RIKEN Research Facility. The set-up included a NaI gamma-ray array, a charged fragment hodoscope and a neutron wall. Using the invariant mass method in the Ne-25+n channel, we observe a sizable amount of El strength between 6 and 10 MeV. The reconstructed Ne-26 angular distribution confirms its El nature. A reduced dipole transition probability of B(El) = 0.49 +/- 0.16 e(2)fm(2) is deduced. For the first time, the decay pattern of low-lying strength in a neutron-rich nucleus is obtained. The results are discussed in terms of a pygmy resonance centered around 9 MeV. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91406 Orsay, France. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Gibelin, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Teranishi, Takashi/D-2166-2012; Attukalathil, Vinodkumar/A-7441-2009; Elekes, Zoltan/J-4531-2012; Nakamura, Takashi/N-5390-2015; Takeuchi, Satoshi/O-1529-2016 OI Attukalathil, Vinodkumar/0000-0002-8204-7800; Nakamura, Takashi/0000-0002-1838-9363; NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 788 BP 153C EP 158C DI 10.1016/j.nuelphysa.2007.01.076 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 178ZA UT WOS:000247257800021 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA AF Bertulani, C. A. TI Pygmy resonances probed with electron scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Collective Motion in Nuclei Under Extreme Conditions CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL St Goar, GERMANY SP GSI, Darmstadt Univ Technol, Inst Nucl Phys ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTIONS; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; LI-11; COLLISIONS; FUSION; STATE AB Pygmy resonances in light nuclei excited in electron scattering are discussed. These collective modes will be explored in future electron-ion colliders such as ELISe/FAIR (spokesperson: Haik Simon - GSI). Response functions for direct breakup are explored with few-body and hydrodynamical models, including the dependence upon final state interactions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 788 BP 366C EP 371C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.066 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 178ZA UT WOS:000247257800049 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Caster, AG Leone, SR AF Lim, Sang-Hyun Caster, Allison G. Leone, Stephen R. TI Fourier transform spectral interferometric coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FTSI-CARS) spectroscopy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB A novel Fourier transform spectral interferometric (FTSI) multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) technique is developed to extract the vibrational spectrum equivalent to the spontaneous Raman scattering. The conventional FTSI method is modified to use the internal nonresonant CARS signal as a local oscillator to perform spectral interferometry. Utilizing the causality of the coherent vibration (i.e., there should be no signal before the laser excitation), this new FTSI method recovers the entire complex vibrational spectral parameters. We demonstrate this technique with a previously reported single-pulse multiplex CARS method that uses a single phase-controlled broadband ultrafast laser pulse. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shlim@mail.utexas.edu NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1332 EP 1334 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001332 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 162WU UT WOS:000246121000046 PM 17440578 ER PT J AU Yellampalle, B Kim, KY Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, Balakishore Kim, Ki-Yong Glownia, James H. Taylor, Antoinette J. TI Comment on "Temporally resolved electro-optic effect" SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULSES; RESOLUTION AB We comment on the recent Letter by S. P. Jamison et al. [Opt. Lett. 31, 1753 (2006)] where the analysis of a chirped probe pulse that is electro-optically modulated by a terahertz pulse reportedly results in a new expression for the electric field. While in principle the derived expressions for the total field after the crystal are correct, in their treatment the authors implicitly assumed that the derived total field is identical to the measured field, without regard to the residual birefringence of a typical electro-optic crystal or a crossed analyzer. Based on this analysis neglecting birefringence, they report that earlier expressions of the temporal field are incorrect. Here we show, on the contrary, that for chirped single-shot terahertz measurement schemes that include residual birefringence, the temporally resolved electro-optic effect is described correctly by the commonly used expression in the literature. We verify this result with our experimental data. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1342 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001341 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 162WU UT WOS:000246121000049 PM 17440581 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A AF Panaitescu, A. TI Decay phases of Swift X-ray afterglows and the forward-shock model SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on the Recent Developments in the Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts CY SEP 18-20, 2006 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE relativistic shocks; non-thermal emission; gamma-ray bursts ID LIGHT CURVES; BURST AFTERGLOWS; VIEWING ANGLE; EMISSION AB The X-ray flux of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows monitored by the Swift satellite from January 2005 to July 2006 displays one to four phases of flux power-law decay. In chronological order, they are: the GRB tail, the 'hump', the standard decay and the post-jet-break decay. More than half of the GRB tails can be identified with the large-angle emission produced during the burst (but arriving later at observer). The remaining, slower GRB tails imply that the gamma-ray mechanism continues to radiate after the burst, as also suggested by the frequent occurrence of X-ray flares during the burst tail. The several GRB tails exhibiting a slow unbroken power-law decay until 100 ks must be attributed to the forward shock. In fact, the decay of most GRB tails is also consistent with that of the forward-shock emission from a narrow jet. The X-ray light-curve hump may be due to an increase of the kinetic energy per solid angle of the forward-shock region visible to the observer, caused by either the transfer of energy from ejecta to the forward shock or the emergence of the emission from an outflow seen from a location outside the jet opening. The decay following the X-ray light-curve hump is consistent with the emission from an adiabatic blast wave but, contrary to expectations, the light-curve decay index and spectral slope during this phase are not correlated. The X-ray light curves of two dozens X-ray afterglows that followed for more than a week do not exhibit a jet break, in contrast with the behaviour of pre-Swift optical afterglows, which displayed jet breaks at 0.5-2 days. Nevertheless, the X-ray light curves of several Swift afterglows show a second steepening break at 0.4-3 days that is consistent with the break expected for a jet when its edge becomes visible to the observer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-1,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alin@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1854 BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1985 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150TD UT WOS:000245240400011 PM 17293326 ER PT J AU Kafesaki, M Koschny, T Zhou, J Katsarakis, N Tsiapa, I Economou, EN Soukoulis, CM AF Kafesaki, M. Koschny, Th. Zhou, J. Katsarakis, N. Tsiapa, I. Economou, E. N. Soukoulis, C. M. TI Electromagnetic behaviour of left-handed materials SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media (ETOPIM-7) CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Sci Linkages, Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, NSF, USA ITC-PAC Asian Res Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res Dev, AF Off Sci Res, Australian Govt Dept Def Sci & Technol Org, Univ Utah, Flourescence Applicat Biotechnol & Life Sci Network, Univ Sydney, CUDOS, Univ Technol, Univ Sydney Nanostructural Anal Network Org, Major Natl Res Fac DE optical properties; metamaterials; left-handed materials ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; MAGNETIC RESPONSE; METAMATERIALS AB Using periodic materials composed of split-ring resonators (SRRs) and continuous wires is, up to now, the most common way of obtaining left-handed behaviour in the microwaves regime. In this work, using transmission simulations and measurements, we examine the electromagnetic behaviour of those materials, focusing mainly on their response to an external electric field and its crucial role in the achievement of left-handed behaviour. Moreover, we examine and theoretically demonstrate the possibility of the SRRs&wires design to give left-handed behaviour in the infrared and optical regime, as well as the possibility of obtaining left-handed behaviour using an alternative for the SRRs&wires design composed of pairs of short wires. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Forschungsinst, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. Technol Educ Inst Crete, Dept Sci, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Kafesaki, M (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Forschungsinst, IESL, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM kafesaki@iesl.forth.gr RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 394 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.12.044 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 170DT UT WOS:000246642900005 ER PT J AU Chen, X Kis, A Zettl, A Bertozzi, CR AF Chen, Xing Kis, Andras Zettl, A. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI A cell nanoinjector based on carbon nanotubes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bionanotechnology; disulfide chemistry; intracellular delivery; nanoneedle; nanoinjection ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; DELIVERY; LACTALBUMIN; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; TRACKING; CROSS AB Technologies for introducing molecules into living cells are vital for probing the physical properties and biochemical interactions that govern the cell's behavior. Here, we report the development of a nanoscale cell injection system (termed the nanoinjector) that uses carbon nanotubes to deliver cargo into cells. A single multiwalled carbon nanotube attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip was functionalized with cargo via a disulficle-based linker. Penetration of cell membranes with this "nanoneedle" was controlled by the AFM. The following reductive cleavage of the disulfide bonds within the cell's interior resulted in the release of cargo inside the cells, after which the nanoneedle was retracted by AFM control. The capability of the nanoinjector was demonstrated by injection of protein-coated quantum dots into live human cells. Single-particle tracking was used to characterize the diffusion dynamics of injected quantum dots in the cytosol. This technique causes no discernible membrane or cell damage, and can deliver a discrete number of molecules to the cell's interior without the requirement of a carrier solvent. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanochem Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu; crb@berkeley.edu RI Kis, Andras/A-4631-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Kis, Andras/0000-0002-3426-7702; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 23 TC 246 Z9 251 U1 11 U2 70 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 20 BP 8218 EP 8222 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700567104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169NW UT WOS:000246599900007 PM 17485677 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Ding, SJ Wang, W Jacobs, JM Qian, WJ Moore, RJ Yang, F Camp, DG Smith, RD Klemke, RL AF Wang, Yingchun Ding, Shi-Jian Wang, Wei Jacobs, Jon M. Qian, Wei-Jun Moore, Ronald J. Yang, Feng Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Klemke, Richard L. TI Profiling signaling polarity in chemotactic cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; chemotaxis; phosphoproteomics; proteomics; cell migration ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VIVO; CELLULAR FUNCTIONS; SPATIAL REGULATION; REGULATED KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; MIGRATION; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOPODIA AB Cell movement requires morphological polarization characterized by formation of a leading pseuclopodium (PD) at the front and a trailing rear at the back. However, little is known about how protein networks are spatially integrated to regulate this process at the system level. Here, we apply global proteome profiling in combination with newly developed quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches for comparative analysis of the cell body (CB) and PD proteome of chemotactic cells. The spatial relationship of 3,509 proteins and 228 distinct sites of phosphorylation were mapped revealing networks of signaling proteins that partition to the PD and/or the CB compartments. The major network represented in the PD includes integrin signaling, actin regulatory, and axon guidance proteins, whereas the CB consists of DNA/RNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and structural maintenance. Our findings provide insight into the spatial organization of signaling networks that control cell movement and provide a comprehensive system-wide profile of proteins and phosphorylation sites that control cell polarization. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Moore Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Klemke, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rklemke@ucsd.edu RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA097022, R01 CA097022]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-04, RR018522]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM064346, GM068487, R01 GM068487, U54 GM064346] NR 40 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 20 BP 8328 EP 8333 DI 10.1073/pnas.0701103104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169NW UT WOS:000246599900026 PM 17494752 ER PT J AU Das, D Hyun, H Lou, Y Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Das, Debanu Hyun, Hannah Lou, Yun Yokota, Hisao Kim, Rosalind Kim, Sung-Hou TI Crystal structure of a novel single-stranded DNA binding protein from Mycoplasma pneumoniae SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID REPLICATION RESTART PRIMOSOME; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SSB PROTEIN; OB-FOLD; PRIB; RESOLUTION; DOMAIN; RECOGNITION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 776 EP 782 DI 10.1002/prot.21340 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 157TE UT WOS:000245743100025 PM 17348019 ER PT J AU Harley, G Yu, R De Jonghe, LC AF Harley, Gabriel Yu, Rong De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Proton transport paths in lanthanum phosphate electrolytes SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE LaPO4; LaP3O9; amorphous; grain boundary; glass; proton conduction; intermediate temperature fuel cell ID FUEL-CELL ELECTROLYTES; SYSTEM LA2O3-P2O5; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CONDUCTION; LAPO4; GLASSES AB Previously unrecognized amorphous grain boundary films are shown to provide rapid proton conduction paths in polycrystalline lanthanum phosphates. Experiments reveal the amorphous phosphorus-rich grain boundary films to be stable in air at 773 K, with a conductivity upwards of 2.5 x 10(-3) S/cm at 773 K, many orders of magnitude higher than in the crystalline bulk. The results indicate the possibility of forming stable, high proton-conductivity nanocomposites of RE-phosphate glasses and crystalline ceramics for intermediate temperature (573 K to 773 K) fuel cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harley, G (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS62R203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gharley@lbl.gov RI Yu, Rong/A-3011-2008 OI Yu, Rong/0000-0003-1687-3597 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 11-12 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.03.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178OS UT WOS:000247230600004 ER PT J AU Coffey, GW Pederson, LR Ponds, DM Rieke, PC Thomsen, EC AF Coffey, Gregory W. Pederson, Larry R. Ponds, Devon M. Rieke, Peter C. Thomsen, Edwin C. TI Fabrication and characterization of a novel Luggin capillary reference electrode for use in solid state electrolytes SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE solid state electrolyte; reference electrode ID EXPERIMENTAL LIMITATIONS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; 3-POINT MEASUREMENTS; ARTIFACTS; PLACEMENT; CELLS AB A Luggin type reference electrode was fabricated for use in solid state electrolytes. The method of construction allows placement of the reference tip within a few tens of microns of the working electrode surface. The reference was constructed by embedding a platinum wire, previously coated with insulating alumina, into the solid electrolyte. The references held stable potentials and the response was characterized by both cyclic voltammetry with and without electrolyte resistance compensation and AC impedance. Both techniques gave identical values for the Faradaic and ohmic contributions to the electrode overpotentials. Reference electrodes placed at different locations across the working electrode surface gave different results indicating the electrode activity was not uniform. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas So Univ, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Rieke, PC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.rieke@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 11-12 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178OS UT WOS:000247230600012 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Vivas, RI Rivas, AL Chowell, G Fragoso, SH Rosario, CR Garcia, Z Smith, SD Williams, JJ Schwager, SJ AF Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I. Rivas, A. L. Chowell, G. Fragoso, S. H. Rosario, C. R. Garcia, Z. Smith, S. D. Williams, J. J. Schwager, S. J. TI Spatial distribution of acaricide profiles (Boophilus microplus strains susceptible or resistant to acaricides) in southeastern Mexico SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; acaricide resistance; Mexico; spatial analysis ID POTENTIAL RISK-FACTORS; CATTLE TICK; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; IXODIDAE; PREVALENCE; INFESTATION; POPULATIONS; YUCATAN; FARMS; STATE AB The ability of Boophilus microplus strains to be susceptible (-) or resistant (+) to amidines (Am), synthetic pyrethroids (SP), and/or organo-phosphates (OP) (or acaricide profiles) was investigated in 217 southeastern Mexican cattle ranches (located in the states of Yucatan, Quintana Roo, and Tabasco). Three questions were asked: (1) whether acaricide profiles varied at random and, if not, which one(s) explained more (or less) cases than expected, (2) whether the spatial distribution of acaricide profiles was randomly or non-randomly distributed, and (3) whether acaricide profiles were associated with farm-related covariates (frequency of annual treatments, herd size, and farm size). Three acaricide profiles explained 73.6% of the data, representing at least twice as many cases as expected (P < 0.001): (1) Am-SP-, (2) Am+SP+, and (3) (among ranches that dispensed acaricides >= 6 times/year) Am-OP+SP+. Because ticks collected in Yucatan ranches tended to be susceptible to Am, those of Quintana Roo ranches displayed, predominantly, resistance to OP/SP, and Tabasco ticks tended to be resistant to Am (all with P <= 0.05), acaricide profiles appeared to be non-randomly disseminated over space. Across states, two farm-related covariates were associated with resistance (P <= 0.02): (1) high annual frequency of acaricide treatments, and (2) large farm size. Findings supported the hypothesis that spatial acaricide profiles followed neither random nor homogeneous data distributions, being partially explained by agent- and/or farm-specific factors. Some profiles could not be explained by these factors. Further spatially explicit studies (addressing host-related factors) are recommended. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Meirda, Yucatan, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Nacl Serv Constatac Salud, Sagarpa, Mexico. PAVET, CENID, Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rivas, AL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Meirda, Yucatan, Mexico. EM alr4@cornell.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.01.016 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 168TN UT WOS:000246547000020 PM 17349747 ER PT J AU Rivera, D Brown, JR Thomberg, SM Alam, MK AF Rivera, D. Brown, J. R. Thomberg, S. M. Alam, M. K. TI In situ transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy investigations of the surface chemistry of gettering common gases in vacuum systems with a common commercial flashed getter alloy as a function of temperature SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE getter surface chemistry; transmission infrared spectroscopy; alternating least squares data analysis ID RESIDUAL GASES; THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA; BARIUM; XPS; CO; CONSTRAINTS; ADSORPTION; PEROXIDE; DEVICES; FILMS AB Studies of gettering reactions of a commercial flashed metal alloy commonly used in vacuum electronics with common gases found in vacuum electronic systems (CO, Co-2, CH4, and O-2) have been carried out in situ using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FIF-IR) to better understand the nature of these reactions as a function of temperature. Flashed alloy was found to adsorb CO at temperatures greater than -5 +/- 5 degrees C across a pressure range from 3 to 50 Torr of CO. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was needed to extract the pure component spectra and temperature profiles for signals having intensities 10-200 times less than the background. No spectral evidence for adsorbed CO2 or CH4 was observed but both CO and CO2 were found to react with the barium film at temperatures above 77 +/- 5 degrees C forming what is likely a combination of Ba(OH)(2), Sr(OH)(2), and other trace metal oxides and hydroxides. Again MCR was needed to resolve the pure spectral components and temperature profiles of these highly overlapped components. The production of metal hydroxides is likely caused by the presence of H-2 sorbed to the getter during the flash as low temperature, <-50 degrees C, experiments with O-2 showed similar reaction products. In the case of CH4 no reaction is seen with the flashed alloy surface up to 120 degrees C. However, in the presence of what is NiO (Ni is a trace impurity in the getter) and potentially BaO, CH4 does react at temperatures greater than 55 degrees C to produce CO2 Which in turn reacts with the alloy film as outlined above. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rivera, D (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RI Stalder, Benoit/F-8254-2010 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.06.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 171RM UT WOS:000246753100002 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Kociak, M Zaluzec, NJ AF Arenal, R. Kociak, M. Zaluzec, N. J. TI High-angular-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BN; NANOTUBES; EELS; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; CARBON AB High-angular-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is used to study the anisotropic behavior of the boron and nitrogen K ionization edges in h-BN. This work makes significant progress toward improving the anisotropy measurements. The authors show experimentally by EELS the vanishment of the pi(*) peak existing in these K edges in agreement with electronic structure calculations and previous soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arenal@anl.gov RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 204105 DI 10.1063/1.2740185 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500102 ER PT J AU Barman, A Wang, S Maas, J Hawkins, AR Kwon, S Bokor, J Liddle, A Schmidt, H AF Barman, A. Wang, S. Maas, J. Hawkins, A. R. Kwon, S. Bokor, J. Liddle, A. Schmidt, H. TI Size dependent damping in picosecond dynamics of single nanomagnets SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOOPTICAL OBSERVATION; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; FILMS; FIELD AB The authors use time-resolved cavity-enhanced magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy to study the damping of magnetization precession in individual cylindrical nickel nanomagnets. A wide range of shapes (diameters of 5 mu m-125 nm and aspect ratio: 0.03-1.2) is investigated. They observe a pronounced difference in damping between the micro- and nanomagnets. Microscale magnets show large damping at low bias fields, whereas nanomagnets exhibit bias field-independent damping. This behavior is explained by the interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane precession modes in microscale magnets that results in additional dissipative channels. The small and robust damping values on the nanoscale are promising for implementation of controlled precessional switching schemes in nanomagnetic devices. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, New Delhi 110016, India. RP Barman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sch Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM hschmidt@soe.ucsc.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Hawkins, Aaron/F-5708-2016 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Hawkins, Aaron/0000-0002-3882-0771 NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 202504 DI 10.1063/1.2740588 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500056 ER PT J AU Barnat, EV Miller, PA Hebner, GA Paterson, AM Panagopoulos, T Hammond, E Holland, J AF Barnat, E. V. Miller, P. A. Hebner, G. A. Paterson, A. M. Panagopoulos, Theodoros Hammond, Edward Holland, J. TI Measured radial dependence of the peak sheath voltages present in very high frequency capacitive discharges SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-AREA; STANDING-WAVE; PLASMA; UNIFORMITY; REACTORS AB The radial distribution of the measured voltage drop across a sheath formed between a 300 mm electrode and an argon plasma discharge is shown to depend on the excitation radio frequency, under constant power and pressure conditions. At a lower frequency of 13.56 MHz, the voltage drop across the sheath is uniform across the 300 mm electrode, while at higher frequencies of 60 and 162 MHz the voltage drop becomes radially nonuniform. The magnitude and spatial extent of the nonuniformity become greater with increasing frequency. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Barnat, EV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM evbarna@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 201503 DI 10.1063/1.2735934 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500022 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Shutthanandan, V Singhal, SC Ramanathan, S AF Chang, Chia-Lin Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam Singhal, Subhash C. Ramanathan, Shriram TI In situ ion scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of stability and nanoscale oxidation of single crystal (100) InAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SUBSTRATE REACTIONS; SURFACES; TRANSISTOR AB The authors report on the synthesis of clean and smooth surfaces of single crystal InAs (100) by hydrogen molecular cleaning along with in situ studies on the stability of such surfaces against oxide formation. Nanoscale oxidation studies have been performed in detail using in situ nuclear reaction analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ion channeling studies have been performed to verify atomically smooth surfaces after postcleaning. Stability and kinetic boundaries of cleaned InAs (100) surfaces against oxidation have been experimentally derived. These results are important not only in preparing clean surfaces of InAs but also in understanding fundamentals of oxide/III-V semiconductor interfaces. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shriram@deas.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 203109 DI 10.1063/1.2740200 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500075 ER PT J AU Chou, KW Puzic, A Stoll, H Dolgos, D Schutz, G Van Waeyenberge, B Vansteenkiste, A Tyliszczak, T Woltersdorf, G Back, CH AF Chou, K. W. Puzic, A. Stoll, H. Dolgos, D. Schuetz, G. Van Waeyenberge, B. Vansteenkiste, A. Tyliszczak, T. Woltersdorf, G. Back, C. H. TI Direct observation of the vortex core magnetization and its dynamics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Square-shaped thin film structures with a single magnetic vortex were investigated using a scanning transmission x-ray microscope. The authors report on the direct observation of the vortex core in 500x500 nm(2), 40 nm thick soft magnetic Ni-Fe samples. The static configuration of the vortex core was imaged as well as the gyrotropic motion of the core under excitation with an in-plane alternating magnetic field. This enabled them to directly visualize the direction of the out-of-plane magnetization in the vortex core (up or down). The reversal of the core was effected by short bursts of an alternating magnetic field. An asymmetry appears in the core's trajectory for its orientation pointing up and down, respectively. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Angewandte Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RP Chou, KW (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM chou@mf.mpg.de RI Back, Christian/A-8969-2012; Woltersdorf, Georg/C-7431-2014 OI Back, Christian/0000-0003-3840-0993; Woltersdorf, Georg/0000-0001-9299-8880 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 202505 DI 10.1063/1.2738186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500057 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Kreyssig, A Ryan, P Mun, E Canfield, PC Goldman, AI AF Kim, J. W. Kreyssig, A. Ryan, P. Mun, E. Canfield, P. C. Goldman, A. I. TI X-ray resonant magnetic scattering study of spontaneous ferrimagnetism SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE SCATTERING; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM AB The authors report on an x-ray resonant magnetic scattering measurement of ferromagnetic order, in the absence of an external magnetic field, using resonant dipole scattering at the Gd L-2 edge of GdMn2Ge2. Measurements of the ferromagnetic order of the Gd sublattice were accomplished using undulator radiation at the Advanced Photon Source and polarization analysis of the diffracted beam to significantly reduce the charge scattering background. The magnetic origin of the resonant intensity was confirmed by its temperature dependence and the angular dependence of the scattering cross section. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM flyzize@iastate.edu RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 202501 DI 10.1063/1.2739403 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500053 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthi, M Ramirez, MO Denev, S Gopalan, V Lehecka, TM Thomas, JG Jia, QX AF Krishnamurthi, Mahesh Ramirez, Mariola O. Denev, Sava Gopalan, Venkatraman Lehecka, Thomas M. Thomas, Jeffrey G. Jia, Q. X. TI Two dimensional dynamic focusing of laser light by ferroelectric domain based electro-optic lenses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITAO3; INVERSION; CRYSTALS; LINBO3 AB The authors demonstrate the proof of concept of two dimensional focusing of laser light. This has been achieved by using a combination of two cylindrical electro-optic ferroelectric domain lens stacks in an orthogonal geometry. The devices were fabricated on z-cut lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) wafers and tested with helium-neon laser at 633 nm. Continuously tunable optical power ranging from -129 m(-1) to 129 m(-1) is obtained in both directions by varying the applied voltage. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krishnamurthi, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mxk463@psu.edu RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Ramirez, Maria de la O/I-3439-2016 OI Ramirez, Maria de la O/0000-0002-1233-1769 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 201106 DI 10.1063/1.2739368 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500006 ER PT J AU Saripalli, YN Pei, L Biggerstaff, T Ramachandran, S Duscher, GJ Johnson, MAL Zeng, C Dandu, K Jin, Y Barlage, DW AF Saripalli, Y. N. Pei, L. Biggerstaff, T. Ramachandran, S. Duscher, G. J. Johnson, M. A. L. Zeng, C. Dandu, K. Jin, Y. Barlage, D. W. TI Transmission electron microscopy studies of regrown GaN Ohmic contacts on patterned substrates for metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-MECHANISM; MOVPE AB Contact selected area regrowth of GaN was performed by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using a silicon nitride dielectric hard mask to define plasma etched recesses and to define source-drain regions. A low temperature regrowth process at 750-850 degrees C was adopted to limit lateral overgrowth. High resolution electron microscopy images and selected area diffraction confirmed the regrowth selectivity and revealed that the low temperature regrown GaN is epitaxial and has a wurtzite crystal structure. I-V characteristics of the fabricated metal oxidesemiconductor field effect transistor show enhancement mode operation. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Saripalli, YN (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, 3050 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. EM yoga_n_saripalli@amat.com RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 204106 DI 10.1063/1.2741123 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500103 ER PT J AU Forshaw, AP Bontchev, RP Smith, JM AF Forshaw, Adam P. Bontchev, Ranko P. Smith, Jeremy M. TI Oxidation of the tris(carbene)borate complex PhB(MeIm)(3)Mn-I(CO)(3) to Mn-IV[PhB(MeIm)(3)](2)(OTf)(2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SCORPIONATE LIGANDS; TRANSITION-METALS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; STABLE CARBENES; MANGANESE; ALKYLS AB Reaction of the tris(carbene)borate ligand PhB(MeIm)(3)(-) with [Mn(CO)(3)((BuCN)-Bu-t)Br](2) leads to the manganese(I) tricarbonyl complex PhB(MeIm)(3)Mn(CO)(3). In contrast to related complexes that are air-stable, PhB(MeIm)(3)Mn(CO)(3) is O-2-sensitive and is converted to a homoleptic Mn-IV complex. IR and cyclic voltammetry measurements of these complexes establish the exceptionally strong donating nature of the tris(carbene)borate ligand. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jesmith@nmsu.edu RI Smith, Jeremy/H-5043-2012 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3792 EP 3794 DI 10.1021/ic070187w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 164CI UT WOS:000246209800002 PM 17425307 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, MW Woodward, PM Seshadri, R Klepeis, JH Bursten, B AF Stoltzfus, Matthew W. Woodward, Patrick M. Seshadri, Ram Klepeis, Jae-Hyun Bursten, Bruce TI Structure and bonding in SnWO4, PbWO4, and BiVO4: Lone pairs vs inert pairs SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL-OXIDES; ALPHA-PBO; STEREOCHEMISTRY; TRANSITION; ORIGIN; REFINEMENT; PEROVSKITE; DISTORTION AB Three ternary oxides, SnWO4, PbWO4, and BiVO4, containing p-block cations with ns(2)np(0) electron configurations, so-called lone pair cations, have been studied theoretically using density functional theory and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The computations reveal significant differences in the underlying electronic structures that are responsible for the varied crystal chemistry of the lone pair cations. The filled 5s orbitals of the Sn2+ ion interact strongly with the 2p orbitals of oxygen, which leads to a significant destabilization of symmetric structures (scheelite and zircon) favored by electrostatic forces. The destabilizing effect of this interaction can be significantly reduced by lowering the symmetry of the Sn2+ site to enable the antibonding Sn 5s-O 2p states to mix with the unfilled Sn 5p orbitals. This interaction produces a localized, nonbonding state at the top of the valence band that corresponds closely with the classical notion of a stereoactive electron lone pair. In compounds containing Pb2+ and Bi3+ the relativistic contraction of the 6s orbital reduces its interaction with oxygen, effectively diminishing its role in shaping the crystal chemical preferences of these ions. In PbWO4 this leads to a stabilization of the symmetric scheelite structure. In the case of BiVO4 the energy of the Bi 6s orbital is further stabilized. Despite this stabilization, the driving force for a stereoactive lone pair distortion appears to be enhanced. The energies of structures exhibiting distorted Bi3+ environments are competitive with structures that possess symmetric Bi3+ environments. Nevertheless, the "lone pair" that results associated with a distorted Bi3+ environment in BiVO4 is more diffuse than the Sn2+ lone pair in beta-SnWO4. Furthermore, the distortion has a much smaller impact on the electronic structure near the Fermi level. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Woodward, PM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, 100 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM woodward@chemistry.ohio-state.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027 NR 52 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 12 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 3839 EP 3850 DI 10.1021/ic061157g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 164CI UT WOS:000246209800012 PM 17441708 ER PT J AU Ge, MH Corbett, JD AF Ge, Ming-Hui Corbett, John D. TI M2Ba2Sn6 (M =Yb, Ca): Metallic zintl phases with a novel tin chain substructure SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ANIONS; RB; CS; CLATHRATE; CLUSTERS; A=K; CATIONS AB The compounds M2Ba2Sn6 (M = Yb, Ca) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions in welded Ta tubes at high temperature. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to be orthorhombic; space group Cmca (No. 64); Z = 8; a = 15.871(3), 15.912 (3) angstrom; b = 9.387(2), 9.497(2) angstrom; c = 17.212(3), 17.184(3) angstrom; and V = 2564.3(9), 2597.0(9) A(3), respectively. These contain infinite tin chains along constructed from butterflylike 3-bonded Sn tetramers interconnected by pairs of 2-bonded Sn. The chains are further interconnected into corrugated layers by somewhat longer Sn-Sn bonds along . The compounds with the chains alone would be Zintl phases, but the interchain bonding makes them formally one-electron rich per formula unit. The electronic structures calculated by extended HUckel and TB-LMTO-ASA methods indicate that these compounds are metallic but with a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level. States that bind the extra electrons lie just below E-F and involve important Yb(Ca)-Sn contributions. The origin of metallic Zintl phases is briefly discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 4138 EP 4144 DI 10.1021/ic070042p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 164CI UT WOS:000246209800043 PM 17441715 ER PT J AU Pap, JS Benedito, FL Bothe, E Bill, E George, SD Weyhermuller, T Wieghardt, K AF Pap, Jozsef Sandor Benedito, Flavio Luiz Bothe, Eberhard Bill, Eckhard George, Serena DeBeer Weyhermueller, Thomas Wieghardt, Karl TI Dimerization processes of square planar [Pt-II((t)bpy)(dithiolato(center dot))](+) radicals SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIIMINE DITHIOLATE COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATE; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; PHOTO-OXIDATION; FLUID SOLUTION; SULFUR-K; LIGAND; CRYSTAL AB The preparation and structural characterization of the neutral, square planar complexes [Pt-II((t)bpy)(A)] (1), [Pt-II((t)bpy)(B)] (2), and [Pt-II(PPh3)(2)(B)] (3) have been accomplished, where ((t)bpy) = 4,4'-di-tert-butylpyridine, (A)(2-) = 3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-benzenedithiolate(2-), and (B)(2-) = 1,2-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolate(2-) and (A(center dot))(1-) and (B-center dot)(1-) represent the corresponding monoanionic radicals. Electrochemical and chemical one-electron oxidation of 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2 solution affords the monomeric monocations [Pt-II((t)bpy)(A(center dot))](+) (1a) and [Pt-II((t)bpy)(B-center dot)](+) (2a), both of which possess an S = (1)/(2) ground state. The corresponding spin doublet monocationic dimers [Pt-2(II)((t)bpy)(2)(A)(A(center dot))](+) (1b) and [Pt-2(II)((t)bpy)(2)(B)(B-center dot)](+) (2b) were electrochemically generated in solution (50% oxidation) and identified by X-band EPR spectroscopy. Complete one-electron oxidation of 1 and 2 yielded the diamagnetic dimers [Pt-2(II)((t)bpy)(2)(A(center dot))(2)](2+) (1c) and [Pt-2(II)((t)bpy)(2)(B-center dot)(2)](2+) (2c) which are in equilibrium with the corresponding paramagnetic monomers 1a and 2a in solution. The crystal structure of [Pt-2(II)((t)bpy)(2)(B-center dot)(2)](PF6)(2)center dot 3CH(2)Cl(2) (2c) revealed a centrosymmetric, lateral dimer whose bridging part is a Pt-2(II)(mu(2)-S)(2) rhomb; the metal ions possess a square based pyramidal geometry. Solid-state sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of 1, 2, 2a, 2c, and [Pt-II(B-center dot)(2)](0) (4) have been recorded, which clearly show that a sulfur-centered radical (B-center dot)(1-) is present in 2a, 2c, and 4. The absence of ligand-based radicals in 1 and 2 is also clearly established. One-electron oxidation of [Pt(PPh3)(2)(B)] (3) afforded only the spin doublet species [Pt-II(PPh3)(2)(B-center dot)](+) (3a); no dimer formation was detected. Synthesis and crystal structure of square planar [Pt-II(B-center dot)(2)](0)center dot thf are also reported. C1 Max Planck Inst Bioorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wieghardt, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Bioorgan Chem, Stiftstr 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. EM wieghardt@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Wieghardt, Karl/B-4179-2014; OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; Pap, Jozsef /0000-0003-1704-0925 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 4187 EP 4196 DI 10.1021/ic070130+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 164CI UT WOS:000246209800048 PM 17428048 ER PT J AU Dawes, R Thompson, DL Guo, Y Wagner, AF Minkoff, M AF Dawes, Richard Thompson, Donald L. Guo, Yin Wagner, Albert F. Minkoff, Michael TI Interpolating moving least-squares methods for fitting potential energy surfaces: Computing high-density potential energy surface data from low-density ab initio data points SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL MODEL REPRESENTATIONS; DIFFUSION MONTE-CARLO; NEURAL-NETWORKS; DIRECT DYNAMICS; ROVIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; COMPONENT FUNCTIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RS-HDMR; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS AB A highly accurate and efficient method for molecular global potential energy surface (PES) construction and fitting is demonstrated. An interpolating-moving-least-squares (IMLS)-based method is developed using low-density ab initio Hessian values to compute high-density PES parameters suitable for accurate and efficient PES representation. The method is automated and flexible so that a PES can be optimally generated for classical trajectories, spectroscopy, or other applications. Two important bottlenecks for fitting PESs are addressed. First, high accuracy is obtained using a minimal density of ab initio points, thus overcoming the bottleneck of ab initio point generation faced in applications of modified-Shepard-based methods. Second, high efficiency is also possible (suitable when a huge number of potential energy and gradient evaluations are required during a trajectory calculation). This overcomes the bottleneck in high-order IMLS-based methods, i.e., the high cost/accuracy ratio for potential energy evaluations. The result is a set of hybrid IMLS methods in which high-order IMLS is used with low-density ab initio Hessian data to compute a dense grid of points at which the energy, Hessian, or even high-order IMLS fitting parameters are stored. A series of hybrid methods is then possible as these data can be used for neural network fitting, modified-Shepard interpolation, or approximate IMLS. Results that are indicative of the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability are presented for one-dimensional model potentials as well as for three-dimensional (HCN) and six-dimensional (HOOH) molecular PESs. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dawes, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Dawes, Richard/C-6344-2015 NR 58 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 18 AR 184108 DI 10.1063/1.2730798 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 167LT UT WOS:000246453900011 PM 17508793 ER PT J AU Heffernan, JV Budzien, J Wilson, AT Baca, RJ Aston, VJ Avila, F Mccoy, JD Adolf, DB AF Heffernan, Julieanne V. Budzien, Joanne Wilson, Aaron T. Baca, Robert J. Aston, Victoria J. Avila, Francisco McCoy, John D. Adolf, Douglas B. TI Molecular flexibility effects upon liquid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODE-COUPLING THEORY; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURE; GLASS-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; POLYMER MELTS; VISCOUS FLOW; VISCOSITY; RELAXATION; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR AB Simulation results for the diffusive behavior of polymer chain/penetrant systems are analyzed. The attractive range and flexibility of simple chain molecules were varied in order to gauge the effect on dynamics. In all cases, the dimensionless diffusion coefficient, D-*, is found to be a smooth, single-valued function of the packing fraction, eta. The functions D-*(eta) are found to be power laws with exponents that are sensitive to both chain stiffness and particle type. For a specific system type, the D-*'s for both penetrant and chain-center-of-mass extrapolate to zero at the same packing fraction, eta(0). This limiting packing fraction is interpreted to be the location of the glass transition, and (eta(0)-eta), the distance to the glass transition. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adolf, DB (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010; Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404; NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 18 AR 184904 DI 10.1063/1.2730502 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 167LT UT WOS:000246453900047 PM 17508829 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Zheng, LQ Strachan, A Swift, DC AF Luo, Sheng-Nian Zheng, Lianqing Strachan, Alejandro Swift, Damian C. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Melting dynamics of superheated argon: Nucleation and growth'" [J. Chem. Phys. 126, 034505 (2007)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRYSTALS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Zheng, Lianqing/B-4171-2008; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 18 AR 187102 DI 10.1063/1.2732744 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 167LT UT WOS:000246453900053 ER PT J AU Pace, MN Mayes, MA Jardine, PM McKay, LD Yin, XL Mehlhorn, TL Liu, Q Gurleyuk, H AF Pace, M. N. Mayes, M. A. Jardine, P. M. McKay, L. D. Yin, X. L. Mehlhorn, T. L. Liu, Q. Gurleyuk, H. TI Transport of Sr2+ and SrEDTA(2-) in partially-saturated and heterogeneous sediments SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE displacement experiments; mineral dissolution; Hanford; mass transfer; breakthrough curves ID STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; METAL-EDTA COMPLEXES; POROUS-MEDIA; UNSATURATED TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; IONIC-STRENGTH; CLAY-MINERALS; MASS-TRANSFER; SORPTION; WATER AB Strontium-90 has migrated deep into the unsaturated subsurface beneath leaking storage tanks in the Waste Management Areas (WMA) at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Reservation. Faster than expected transport of contaminants in the vadose zone is typically attributed to either physical hydrologic processes such as development of preferential flow pathways, or to geochemical processes such as the formation of stable, anionic complexes with organic chelates, e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The goal of this paper is to determine whether hydrological processes in the Hanford sediments can influence the geochemistry of the system and hence control transport of Sr2(+) and SrEDTA(2+). The study used batch isotherms, saturated packed column experiments, and an unsaturated transport experiment in an undisturbed core. Isothenns and repacked column experiments suggested that the SrEDTA(2-) complex was unstable in the presence of Hanford sediments, resulting in dissociation and transport of Sr2+ as a divalent cation. A decrease in sorption with increasing solid:solution ratio for Sr2+ and SrEDTA(2-) suggested mineral dissolution resulted in competition for sorption sites and the fort-nation of stable aqueous complexes. This was confirmed by detection of MgEDTA(2-), MnEDTA(2-), PbEDTA(2-) and unidentified Sr and Ca complexes. Displacement of Sr2+ through a partially-saturated undisturbed core resulted in less retardation and more irreversible sorption than was observed in the saturated repacked columns, and model results suggested a significant reservoir (49%) of immobile water was present during transport through the heterogeneous layered sediments. The undisturbed core was subsequently disassembled along distinct bedding planes and subjected to sequential extractions. Strontium was unequally distributed between carbonates (49%), ion exchange sites (37%), and the oxide (14%) fraction. An inverse relationship between mass wetness and Sr suggested that sandy sediments of low water content constituted the immobile flow regime. Our results suggested that the sequestration of Sr2+ in partially-saturated, heterogeneous sediments was most likely due to the formation of immobile water in drier regions having low hydraulic conductivities. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. LLC, Appl Speciat & Consulting, Tukwila, WA 98188 USA. RP Mayes, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mayesma@ornl.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.11.006 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 168TS UT WOS:000246547500004 PM 17197052 ER PT J AU Liu, XQ Kaminski, MD Chen, HT Torno, M Taylor, L Rosengart, AJ AF Liu, Xianqiao Kaminski, Michael D. Chen, Haitao Torno, Michael Taylor, LaToyia Rosengart, Axel J. TI Synthesis and characterization of highly-magnetic biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE magnetic carrier; synthesis; biodegradation; PLGA; targeted drug delivery ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CONTRAST AGENT; DRUG CARRIER; PARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; SYSTEMS; SIZE AB The objective of this study was to develop high magnetization, biodegradable/biocompatible polymer-coated magnetic nanospheres for biomedical applications. Magnetic spheres were prepared by a modified single oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation method utilizing highly-concentrated hydrophobic magnetite and poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Hydrophobic magnetite prepared using oleic acid exhibited high magnetite concentrations (84 wt.%) and good miscibility with biopolymer solvents to form a stable oily suspension. The oily suspension was then emulsified within an aqueous solution containing poly(vinyl alcohol). After rapid evaporation of the organic solvent, we obtained solid magnetic nanospheres. We characterized these spheres in terms of external morphology, microstructure, size and zeta potential, magnetite content and distribution within the nanospheres, and magnetic properties. The results showed good encapsulation where the magnetite distorted the smooth surface morphology only at the highest magnetite concentrations. The mean diameter was 360-370 nm with polydispersity indices of 0.12-0.20. We obtained high magnetite content (40-60%) and high magnetization (26-40 emu/g). The high magnetization properties were obtained while leaving sufficient polymer to retain drugs making these biodegradable spheres suitable as a potential platform for the design of magnetically-guided drug delivery and other in vivo biomagnetic applications. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov; arosenga@neurology.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 29 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.11.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 170QD UT WOS:000246678100005 PM 17350131 ER PT J AU Chalupsky, J Juha, L Kuba, J Cihelka, J Hajkova, V Koptyaev, S Krasa, J Velyhan, A Bergh, M Caleman, C Hajdu, J Bionta, RM Chapman, H Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Jurek, M Krzywinski, J Nietubyc, R Pelka, JB Sobierajski, R Meyer-ter-Vehn, J Tronnier, A Sokolowski-Tinten, K Stojanovic, N Tiedtke, K Toleikis, S Tschentscher, T Wabnitz, H Zastrau, U AF Chalupsky, J. Juha, L. Kuba, J. Cihelka, J. Hajkova, V. Koptyaev, S. Krasa, J. Velyhan, A. Bergh, M. Caleman, C. Hajdu, J. Bionta, R. M. Chapman, H. Hau-Riege, S. P. London, R. A. Jurek, M. Krzywinski, J. Nietubyc, R. Pelka, J. B. Sobierajski, R. Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Tronnier, A. Sokolowski-Tinten, K. Stojanovic, N. Tiedtke, K. Toleikis, S. Tschentscher, T. Wabnitz, H. Zastrau, U. TI Characteristics of focused soft X-ray free-electron laser beam determined by ablation of organic molecular solids SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ABLATION; RADIATION; LUMINESCENCE; NM AB A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) provides ultra-intense femtosecond radiation pulses at wavelengths from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV; lambda< 100nm) to the soft X-ray (SXR; lambda<30nm) spectral regions. 25-fs pulses of 32-nm FLASH radiation were used to determine the ablation parameters of PMMA - poly ( methyl methacrylate). Under these irradiation conditions the attenuation length and ablation threshold were found to be (56.9 +/- 7.5) nm and similar to 2 mJ center dot cm(-2), respectively. For a second wavelength of 21.7 nm, the PMMA ablation was utilized to image the transverse intensity distribution within the focused beam at mu m resolution by a method developed here. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ Prague, Prague 16636 1, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CR-18223 Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic. Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Duisburg Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Chalupsky, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM chal@fzu.cz RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Sobierajski, Ryszard/E-7619-2012; Stojanovic, Nikola/H-6986-2013; Hajkova, Vera/G-9391-2014; Chalupsky, Jaromir/H-2079-2014; Krasa, Josef/C-1442-2014; Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015; Pelka, Jerzy/S-8587-2016 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Krasa, Josef/0000-0002-3888-8370; Pelka, Jerzy/0000-0002-1863-8219 NR 17 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 10 BP 6036 EP 6043 DI 10.1364/OE.15.006036 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 167TH UT WOS:000246474300016 PM 19546907 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Shir, DJ Nam, YS Nidetz, R Highland, M Cahill, DG Rogers, JA Su, MF El-Kady, IF Christodoulou, CG Bogart, GR AF Jeon, Seokwoo Shir, Daniel J. Nam, Yun Suk Nidetz, Robert Highland, Matthew Cahill, David G. Rogers, John A. Su, Mehmet F. El-Kady, Ihab F. Christodoulou, Christos G. Bogart, Gregory R. TI Molded transparent photopolymers and phase shift optics for fabricating three dimensional nanostructures SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; MICROFABRICATION; RESOLUTION; COLLAPSE AB This paper introduces approaches that combine micro/nanomolding, or nanoimprinting, techniques with proximity optical phase mask lithographic methods to form three dimensional (3D) nanostructures in thick, transparent layers of photopolymers. The results demonstrate three strategies of this type, where molded relief structures in these photopolymers represent (i) fine (< 1 mu m) features that serve as the phase masks for their own exposure, ( ii) coarse features (> 1 mu m) that are used with phase masks to provide access to large structure dimensions, and (iii) fine structures that are used together phase masks to achieve large, multilevel phase modulations. Several examples are provided, together with optical modeling of the fabrication process and the transmission properties of certain of the fabricated structures. These approaches provide capabilities in 3D fabrication that complement those of other techniques, with potential applications in photonics, microfluidics, drug delivery and other areas. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu RI JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013; Cahill, David/B-3495-2014; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814; NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 10 BP 6358 EP 6366 DI 10.1364/OE.15.006358 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 167TH UT WOS:000246474300049 PM 19546940 ER PT J AU Intrator, TP Furno, I Ryutov, DD Lapenta, G Dorf, L Sun, X AF Intrator, T. P. Furno, I. Ryutov, D. D. Lapenta, G. Dorf, L. Sun, X. TI Long-lifetime current-driven rotating kink modes in a non-line-tied plasma column with a free end SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRIFT-ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; COLLISIONAL PLASMA; GALACTIC-CENTER; SOLAR-WIND; FLUX-ROPES; INSTABILITY; DESTABILIZATION; PRESSURE; DEVICE AB We show the first experimental evidence for a magnetohydrodynamic kink instability in a current rope with one end that is free to move. This free end is partially insulated by sheath resistivity, so that the usual frozen in flux assumption for magnetohydrodynamics is violated in this region. The free end is therefore not line-tied to the axial boundary. We find the instability threshold is well below the classical Kruskal-Shafranov threshold, culminating in a long-lifetime saturated state. The presence of an axial flow further lowers the kink threshold and gives rise to a doppler-shifted frequency from rotation of the kink, where the eigenfunction is axially pushed in the flow direction. This lowered threshold may give rise to kink instabilities in situations with small magnetic twist that would otherwise be considered stable. Striking agreement with a theoretical analysis is demonstrated. The existence of a free end may be important for open flux tubes attached to the Sun, galactic jets associated with accretion discs, and spheromak startup. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Intrator, TP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM intrator@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05S90 DI 10.1029/2006JA011995 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 168CE UT WOS:000246499100004 ER PT J AU Cao, ZJ Balasubramanian, K AF Cao, Zhiji Balasubramanian, Krishnan TI Unusual geometries and spectroscopic properties of electronic states of In2N2 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE TETRAMERS; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE CLUSTERS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; GROUP-III NITRIDES; RARE-GAS MATRICES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; POLYATOMIC CLUSTERS AB Twenty electronic states of In2N2 are computed using a complete active space multi-configuration self-consistent field followed by multi-reference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) computations. In contrast to other III-V tetramers, In2N2 exhibits nearly degenerate T-shaped triplet states and linear In-In N-N (3)Sigma(-) state. The (1)A(g) state with a rhombus structure was found to be 0.94 eV higher. Our computations show that anion photodetachment spectra of In2N2 could be substantially different from the spectra of Ga2P2 and related tetramers observed by Neumark and coworkers. The computed vibrational and Raman spectra are provided. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov RI Cao, Zhiji/A-5957-2010 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 439 IS 4-6 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.108 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 173NQ UT WOS:000246880200006 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Lee, YN Senum, GI Springston, SR Wang, J Berkowitz, C Hubbe, J Zaveri, RA Brechtel, FJ Jayne, J Onasch, TB Worsnop, D AF Kleinman, Lawrence I. Daum, Peter H. Lee, Yin-Nan Senum, Gunnar I. Springston, Stephen R. Wang, Jian Berkowitz, Carl Hubbe, John Zaveri, Rahul A. Brechtel, Fred J. Jayne, John Onasch, Timothy B. Worsnop, Douglas TI Aircraft observations of aerosol composition and ageing in New England and Mid-Atlantic States during the summer 2002 New England Air Quality Study field campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; BLACK CARBON AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETER; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY; SUBMICRON PARTICLES; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Aerosol chemical composition, size distribution, and optical properties were measured during 17 aircraft flights in New England and Middle Atlantic States as part of the summer 2002 New England Air Quality Study field campaign. An Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer ( AMS) was operated with a measurement cycle of 30 s, about an order of magnitude faster than used for ground-based measurements. Noise levels within a single measurement period were sub mu g m(-3). Volume data derived from the AMS were compared with volume measurements from a Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer ( PCASP) optical particle detector and a Twin Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer ( TSEMS); calculated light scattering was compared with measured values from an integrating nephelometer. The median ratio for AMS/TSEMS volume was 1.25 ( 1.33 with an estimated refractory component); the median ratio for AMS/nephelometer scattering was 1.18. A dependence of the AMS collection efficiency on aerosol acidity was quantified by a comparison between AMS and PCASP volumes in two high sulfate plumes. For the entire field campaign, the average aerosol concentration was 11 mu g m(-3). Compared with monitoring data from the IMPROVE network, the organic component made up a large fraction of total mass, varying from 70% in clean air to 40% in high concentration sulfate plumes. In combination with other optical and chemical measurements, the AMS gave information on secondary organic aerosol ( SOA) production and the time evolution of aerosol light absorption. CO is taken as a conservative tracer of urban emissions and the ratios of organic aerosol and aerosol light absorption to CO examined as a function of photochemical age. Comparisons were made to ratios determined from surface measurements under conditions of minimal atmospheric processing. In air masses in which the NOx to NOy ratio has decreased to 10%, the ratio of organic aerosol to CO has quadrupled indicating that 75% of the organic aerosol is secondary. Also, the ratio of light absorption to CO has more than doubled, which is interpreted as an equivalent increase in the light absorption efficiency of black carbon due to aerosol ageing. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D9 AR D09310 DI 10.1029/2006JD007786 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 168AR UT WOS:000246494900002 ER PT J AU Guan, Y Bailey, WE Vescovo, E Kao, CC Arena, DA AF Guan, Y. Bailey, W. E. Vescovo, E. Kao, C.-C Arena, D. A. TI Phase and amplitude of element-specific moment precession in Ni81Fe19 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic alloy; ferromagnetic resonance; magnetization dynamics; time-resolved XMCD ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PERMALLOY; FILMS AB We present a time and element-resolved measurement of magnetization dynamics during ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a single layer of Ni81Fe19. Small-angle (< 1 degrees) precession of elemental Ni, Fe moments could be measured directly and quantitatively using timeresolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in transmission. The high temporal and rotational sensitivity of this technique has allowed quantification of the phase and amplitude of driven FMR motion at 2.3 GHz, verifying basic expectations for a driven resonance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Mat Sci Program, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Guan, Y (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Mat Sci Program, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM yg2111@columbia.edu NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 312 IS 2 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.1111 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 159BN UT WOS:000245840500025 ER PT J AU Sharma, ALL Bobev, S Sarrao, JL AF Sharma, A. L. Lima Bobev, S. Sarrao, J. L. TI Oscillations in magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties of RE2Al2Si2 (for RE = Dy, Ho and Er) and REAlSi (for RE = Ce and Pr) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetocaloric effect; intermetallic compound ID REFRIGERATION; TB; ND AB We present the magnetic and thermal properties of a series of compounds RE2Al3Si2 for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and REAlSi for RE = Pr, Ce. The 2-3-2 family crystallizes with themonoclinic Y2Al3Si-type structure while the 1-1-1 family crystallizes in the body-centered tetragonal alpha-ThSi2-type structure. The measurements were done on single crystals, grown using high-temperature flux technique and molten Al as a solvent. Susceptibility and heat capacity data were taken from 1.8 to 200 K, from the heat capacity data, the isothermal magnetic entropy change was obtained. Our results indicate signal oscillations in magnetocaloric properties for those compounds, in particular, Dy2Al3Si2 that shows an anomaly that can be associated with a spin reorientation. Similar results are known for some Dy discilicides and dialluminades. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Sharma, ALL (reprint author), RIKEN, Hirosawa 1-2, Wako 3510198, Japan. EM lima.sharma@gmail.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 312 IS 2 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.125 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 159BN UT WOS:000245840500029 ER PT J AU Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Kandes, M Sharma, M Smith, TB Jones, G Chen, WC Gentile, TR Rich, DR Lauss, B Gericke, MT Gillis, RC Page, SA Bowman, JD Penttila, SI Wilburn, WS Dabaghyan, M Hersman, FW Mason, M AF Chupp, T. E. Coulter, K. P. Kandes, M. Sharma, M. Smith, T. B. Jones, G. Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Rich, D. R. Lauss, B. Gericke, M. T. Gillis, R. C. Page, S. A. Bowman, J. D. Penttila, S. I. Wilburn, W. S. Dabaghyan, M. Hersman, F. W. Mason, M. TI A large area polarized He-3 neutron spin filter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE polarized neutrons; pulsed neutrons; symmetry tests; spin filters; polarized He-3 ID DIODE-LASER ARRAYS; HIGH-DENSITY RB; ASYMMETRY MEASUREMENTS; EXCHANGE; TARGET; BEAM; RELAXATION; PHYSICS; LANSCE; XE-129 AB A large area polarized He-3 neutron spin filter has been developed and tested in long-term operation. The polarizer cells have area 50 cm(2) and larger allowing access to a large area neutron beam. Polarization of He-3 up to 57 +/- 1% was measured by monitoring the neutron transmission through the He-3. The polarization was maintained over the course of several weeks, but the maximum attainable polarization declined over the course of a year-long run as the cell degraded, possibly due to long-term exposure to the neutron beam at high temperatures. The resulting neutron polarization and transmission are velocity dependent and are optimized for 5 angstrom. Cell construction, polarizer design, performance, and polarimetry are described in this paper. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Michigan, Focus Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chupp, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Focus Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM chupp@umich.edu NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 574 IS 3 BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.091 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171IC UT WOS:000246728400009 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betts, RR Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, SL Bombara, M Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Callner, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, SU Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, E Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YG Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, N Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, D Hollis, R Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kurnadi, P Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Millane, J Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mironov, C Mischke, A Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nepali, NS Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Qattan, IA Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Relyea, D Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van der Kolk, N Van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, J Wu, Y Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yue, Q Yurevich, VI Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betts, R. R. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, S-L. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Callner, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, S. U. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. G. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, N. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Heppelmann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. Hollis, R. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kurnadi, P. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Magestro, D. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu. Meschanin, A. Millane, J. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nepali, N. S. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Qattan, I. A. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Relyea, D. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van der Kolk, N. Van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, J. Wu, Y. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Yurevich, V. I. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of High-p(T) nonphotonic electron suppression in Au plus Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; ENERGY-LOSS; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; PERTURBATIVE QCD; TOMOGRAPHY AB The STAR collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) reports measurements of the inclusive yield of nonphotonic electrons, which arise dominantly from semileptonic decays of heavy flavor mesons, over a broad range of transverse momenta (1.2 < p(T)< 10 GeV/c) in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The nonphotonic electron yield exhibits an unexpectedly large suppression in central Au+Au collisions at high p(T), suggesting substantial heavy-quark energy loss at RHIC. The centrality and p(T) dependences of the suppression provide constraints on theoretical models of suppression. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, CR-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013 OI Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; NR 33 TC 310 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 192301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.192301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200011 PM 17677616 ER PT J AU Arenholz, E van der Laan, G Chopdekar, RV Suzuki, Y AF Arenholz, Elke van der Laan, Gerrit Chopdekar, Rajesh V. Suzuki, Yuri TI Angle-dependent Ni2+ x-ray magnetic linear dichroism: Interfacial coupling revisited SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; FILMS; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; MICROSCOPY; DOMAINS; SURFACE; MEMORY AB Using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) for magnetometry requires detailed knowledge of its dependence on the relative orientation of polarization, magnetic moments, and crystallographic axes. We show that Ni2+ L-2,L-3 XMLD in cubic lattices has to be described as a linear combination of two fundamental spectra-not one as previously assumed. The spectra are calculated using atomic multiplet theory and the angular dependence is derived from crystal field symmetry. Applying our results to Co/NiO(001) interfaces, we find perpendicular coupling between Ni and Co moments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Daresbury Lab, Magnet Spect Grp, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arenholz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM earenholz@lbl.gov; g.vanderlaan@dl.ac.uk RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501; van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 23 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 197201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.197201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200050 PM 17677655 ER PT J AU Glatz, A Vinokur, VM Galperin, YM AF Glatz, A. Vinokur, V. M. Galperin, Y. M. TI Statistics of deep energy states in Coulomb glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; ELECTRON GLASS; SPIN-GLASS; BEHAVIOR; GAP AB We study the statistics of local energy minima in the configuration space and the energy relaxation due to activated hopping in a system of interacting electrons in a random environment. The distribution of the local minima is exponential, which is in agreement with extreme value statistics considerations. The relaxation of the system energy shows logarithmic time dependence reflecting the ultrametric structure of the system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Glatz, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008 OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 196401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.196401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200032 PM 17677637 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Chapman, HN Szoke, A Timneanu, N AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. London, Richard A. Chapman, Henry N. Szoke, Abraham Timneanu, Nicusor TI Encapsulation and diffraction-pattern-correction methods to reduce the effect of damage in x-ray diffraction imaging of single biological molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; PULSES AB Short and intense x-ray pulses may be used for atomic-resolution diffraction imaging of single biological molecules. Radiation damage and a low signal-to-noise ratio impose stringent pulse requirements. In this Letter, we describe methods for decreasing the damage and improving the signal by encapsulating the molecule in a sacrificial layer (tamper) that reduces atomic motion and by postprocessing the pulse-averaged diffraction pattern to correct for ionization damage. Simulations show that these methods greatly improve the image quality. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400 NR 17 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 198302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.198302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200062 PM 17677667 ER PT J AU Kietzmann, A Holst, B Redmer, R Desjarlais, MP Mattsson, TR AF Kietzmann, Andre Holst, Bastian Redmer, Ronald Desjarlais, Michael P. Mattsson, Thomas R. TI Quantum molecular dynamics simulations for the nonmetal-to-metal transition in fluid helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SHOCK COMPRESSION; HIGH-PRESSURES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; NOBLE-GASES; HYDROGEN; EQUATION; STATE; CONDUCTION AB We have performed quantum molecular dynamics simulations for dense helium to study the nonmetal-to-metal transition at high pressures. We present new results for the equation of state and the Hugoniot curve in the warm dense matter region. The optical conductivity is calculated via the Kubo-Greenwood formula from which the dc conductivity is derived. The nonmetal-to-metal transition is identified at about 1 g/cm(3). We compare with experimental results as well as with other theoretical approaches, especially with predictions of chemical models. C1 Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kietzmann, A (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009; Holst, Bastian/D-2217-2011; Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 OI Holst, Bastian/0000-0002-2369-3730; NR 44 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 190602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.190602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200010 PM 17677615 ER PT J AU Raussendorf, R Harrington, J AF Raussendorf, Robert Harrington, Jim TI Fault-tolerant quantum computation with high threshold in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY THRESHOLD; MEMORY AB We present a scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation for a local architecture in two spatial dimensions. The error threshold is 0.75% for each source in an error model with preparation, gate, storage, and measurement errors. C1 Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raussendorf, R (reprint author), Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. NR 26 TC 282 Z9 283 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 190504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.190504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200008 PM 17677613 ER PT J AU Zharov, A Lopatin, A Koshelev, AE Vinokur, VM AF Zharov, A. Lopatin, A. Koshelev, A. E. Vinokur, V. M. TI Microscopic theory of thermal phase slips in clean narrow superconducting wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; NANOWIRES AB We consider the structure of a thermal phase-slip center for a simple microscopic model of a clean one-dimensional superconductor in which superconductivity occurs only within one conducting channel or several identical channels. Surprisingly, the Eilenberger equations describing the saddle-point configuration allow for an exact analytical solution in the whole temperature and current range. This solution allows us to derive a closed expression for the free-energy barrier, which we use to compute its temperature and current dependences. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zharov, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 19 AR 197005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.197005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166XD UT WOS:000246413200049 PM 17677654 ER PT J AU Zheng, YC Lay, T Flanagan, MP Williams, Q AF Zheng, Yingcai Lay, Thorne Flanagan, Megan P. Williams, Quentin TI Pervasive seismic wave reflectivity and metasomatism of the Tonga mantle wedge SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; SS-PRECURSORS; HIGH-PRESSURE; DISCONTINUITY; BENEATH; ARC; LITHOSPHERE; CONSTRAINTS; DENSITIES; REGION AB Subduction zones play critical roles in the recycling of oceanic lithosphere and the generation of continental crust. Seismic imaging can reveal structures associated with key dynamic processes occurring in the upper-mantle wedge above the sinking oceanic slab. Three-dimensional images of reflecting interfaces throughout the upper-mantle wedge above the subducting Tonga slab were obtained by migration of teleseismic recordings of underside P- and S-wave reflections. Laterally continuous weak reflectors with tens of kilometers of topography were detected at depths near 90, 125, 200, 250, 300, 330, 390, 410, and 450 kilometers. P- and S-wave impedances decreased at the 330-kilometer and 450-kilometer reflectors, and S-wave impedance decreased near 200 kilometers in the vicinity of the slab and near 390 kilometers, just above the global 410-kilometer increase. The pervasive seismic reflectivity results from phase transitions and compositional zonation associated with extensive metasomatism involving slab-derived fluids rising through the wedge. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lay, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM thorne@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5826 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1126/science.1138074 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 166HM UT WOS:000246369800029 PM 17431138 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Salmassi, F Gullikson, EM Liddle, JA AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Salmassi, Farhad Gullikson, Eric M. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Design and fabrication of a high-efficiency extreme-ultraviolet binary phase-only computer-generated hologram SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH REGION; ILLUMINATION; LITHOGRAPHY; GRATINGS AB As the development of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography progresses, interest grows in the extension of traditional optical components to the EUV regime. The strong absorption of EUV by most materials and its extremely short wavelength, however, make it very difficult to implement many components that are commonplace in the longer wavelength regimes. One such component is the diffractive optical element used, for example, in illumination systems to efficiently generate modified pupil fills. The fabrication and characterization of an EUV binary phase-only computer-generated hologram is demonstrated, allowing arbitrary far-field diffraction patterns to be generated. Based on reflective architecture, the fabricated device is extremely efficient. Based on an identically fabricated null hologram, the absolute efficiency into one diffracted order of 22% has been demonstrated. In the case where axially symmetric diffraction patterns are desired (both positive and negative diffraction orders can be used), the efficiency can be twice as high. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12220 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM spnaulleau@yahoo.com RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 14 BP 2581 EP 2585 DI 10.1364/AO.46.002581 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 164MK UT WOS:000246237900003 PM 17446905 ER PT J AU Estrada, J Annis, J Diehl, HT Hall, PB Las, T Lin, H Makler, M Merritt, KW Scarpine, V Allam, S Tucker, D AF Estrada, J. Annis, J. Diehl, H. T. Hall, P. B. Las, T. Lin, H. Makler, M. Merritt, K. W. Scarpine, V. Allam, S. Tucker, D. TI A systematic search for high surface brightness giant arcs in a Sloan Digital Sky Survey cluster sample SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing; surveys ID COLD DARK-MATTER; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; WEAK-LENSING MEASUREMENTS; LUMINOUS GALAXY CLUSTERS; EARLY DATA RELEASE; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; STATISTICS; MASS; SIMULATIONS AB We present the results of a search for gravitationally lensed giant arcs conducted on a sample of 825 SDSS galaxy clusters. Both a visual inspection of the images and an automated search were performed, and no arcs were found. This result is used to set an upper limit on the arc probability per cluster. We present selection functions for our survey, in the form of arc detection efficiency curves plotted as functions of arc parameters, for both the visual inspection and the automated search. The selection function is such that we are sensitive only to long, high surface brightness arcs with g-band surface brightness mu g <= 24.8 and length-to-width ratio l/w >= 10. Our upper limits on the arc probability are compatible with previous arc searches. Finally, we report on a serendipitous discovery of a giant arc in the SDSS data, known inside the SDSS Collaboration as Hall's arc. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Estrada, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Makler, Martin/G-2639-2012; OI Makler, Martin/0000-0003-2206-2651; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 2 BP 1176 EP 1185 DI 10.1086/512599 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169CW UT WOS:000246571300023 ER PT J AU Close, LM Zuckerman, B Song, I Barman, T Marois, C Rice, EL Siegler, N Macintosh, B Becklin, EE Campbell, R Lyke, JE Conrad, A Le Mignant, D AF Close, Laird M. Zuckerman, B. Song, Inseok Barman, Travis Marois, Christian Rice, Emily L. Siegler, Nick Macintosh, Bruce Becklin, E. E. Campbell, Randy Lyke, James E. Conrad, Al Le Mignant, David TI The wide brown dwarf binary Oph 1622-2405 and discovery of a wide, low-mass binary in Ophiuchus (Oph 1623-2402): A new class of young evaporating wide binaries? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; instrumentation : adaptive optics; stars : evolution; stars : formation; stars : individual (2MASS J16222521-2405139, 2MASS J16233609-2402209); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS SURVEY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; UPPER-SCORPIUS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; M6.0-M7.5 STARS; OB ASSOCIATION; 30 MYR; TELESCOPE AB We imaged five objects near the star-forming clouds of Ophiuchus with the Keck Laser Guide Star AO system. We resolved sources 11 ( Oph 16222 - 2405) and 16 ( Oph 16233 - 2402) from Allers and coworkers into binary systems. Source 11 is resolved into a 243 AU binary, the widest known for a very low mass (VLM) binary. The binary nature of source 11 was discovered first by Allers and independently here, during which we obtained the first spatially resolved R - 2000 near-infrared ( J and K) spectra, mid-IR photometry, and orbital motion estimates. We estimate for 11A and 11B gravities ( log g > 3.75), ages ( 5 +/- 2 Myr), luminosities [ log ( L/ L circle dot )= -2: 77 +/- 0.10 and -2. 96 +/- 0.10], and temperatures ( T-eff = 2375 +/- 175 K and 2175 +/- 175 K). We find self-consistent DUSTY evolutionary model ( Chabrier and coworkers) masses of 17(-5)(+4) 5 MJ and 14(-5)(+6) 5 MJ, for 11A and 11B, respectively. Our masses are higher than those previously reported ( 13-15 MJ and 7-8 MJ) by Jayawardhana & Ivanov. Hence, we find that the system is unlikely a "planetary mass binary,'' as do Luhman and coworkers, but it has the second lowest mass and lowest binding energy of any known binary. Oph 11 and Oph 16 belong to a newly recognized population of wide ( greater than or similar to 100 AU), young (< 10 Myr), roughly equal mass, VLM stellar and brown dwarf binaries. We deduce that - 6% +/- 3% of young (< 10 Myr) VLM objects are in such wide systems. However, only 0. 3% +/- 0.1% of old field VLM objects are found in such wide systems. Thus, young, wide, VLM binary populations may be evaporating, due to stellar encounters in their natal clusters, leading to a field population depleted in wide VLM systems. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Close, LM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lclose@as.arizona.edu RI Rice, Emily/G-4446-2013 OI Rice, Emily/0000-0002-3252-5886 NR 74 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 2 BP 1492 EP 1506 DI 10.1086/513417 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169CW UT WOS:000246571300054 ER PT J AU Smirnova, TI Chadwick, TG Voinov, MA Poluektov, O van Tol, J Ozarowski, A Schaaf, G Ryan, MM Bankaitis, VA AF Smirnova, Tatyana I. Chadwick, Thomas G. Voinov, Maxim A. Poluektov, Oleg van Tol, Johan Ozarowski, Andrzej Schaaf, Gabriel Ryan, Margaret M. Bankaitis, Vytas A. TI Local polarity and hydrogen bonding inside the Sec14p phospholipid-binding cavity: High-field multi-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance studies SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROXIDE SPIN-LABEL; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; G-TENSOR; EPR; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; DYNAMICS; DOMAINS; PROBES AB Sec14p promotes the energy-independent transfer of either phosphatidylinositol ( PtdIns) or phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) between lipid bilayers in vitro and represents the major PtdIns/PtdCho transfer protein in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein, we employ multi-frequency high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to analyze the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding microenvironments for series of doxyl-labeled PtdCho molecules bound by Sec14p in a soluble protein-PtdCho complex. A structurally similar compound, 5-doxyl stearic acid dissolved in a series of solvents, was used for experimental calibration. The experiments yielded two-component rigid limit 130- and 220-GHz EPR spectra with excellent resolution in the g(x) region. Those components were assigned to hydrogen-bonded and nonhydrogen-bonded nitroxide species. Partially resolved 130-GHz EPR spectra from n-doxyl-PtdCho bound to Sec14p were analyzed using this two-component model and allowed quanti. cation of two parameters. First, the fraction of hydrogen-bonded nitroxide species for each n-doxyl-PtdCho was calculated. Second, the proticity profile along the phospholipid-binding cavity of Sec14p was characterized. The data suggest the polarity gradient inside the Sec14p cavity is a significant contributor to the driving molecular forces for extracting a phospholipid from the bilayer. Finally, the enhanced g-factor resolution of EPR at 130 and 220 GHz provides researchers with a spectroscopic tool to deconvolute two major contributions to the x-component of the nitroxide g-matrix: hydrogen-bond formation and local electrostatic effects. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Smirnova, TI (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, 2620 Yarbrough Dr,Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tatyana_Smirnova@ncsu.edu RI van Tol, Johan/G-4190-2011; Schaaf, Gabriel/F-1956-2014 OI van Tol, Johan/0000-0001-6972-2149; Schaaf, Gabriel/0000-0001-9022-4515 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072897, 1R01GM072897, GM44530, R01 GM044530] NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 10 BP 3686 EP 3695 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.097899 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 159GE UT WOS:000245852600032 PM 17325006 ER PT J AU Chang, KC Menzel, A Komanicky, V You, H AF Chang, K.-C. Menzel, A. Komanicky, V. You, H. TI Electrosorbed carbon monoxide monolayers on Pt(111) SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Surface Imaging/Spectroscopy CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2006 CL Polish Acad Sci, Inst Cataly & Surface Chem, Cracow, POLAND HO Polish Acad Sci, Inst Cataly & Surface Chem DE carbon monoxide; Pt(111); surface X-ray scattering; heterogeneous catalysis; electrocatalysis ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; AUTOMATED TENSOR LEED; X-RAY-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; ADLAYER STRUCTURES; CO; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION AB We review structures of high-density CO monolayers on Pt(1 1 1) surfaces in CO-saturated electrolytes or in gaseous CO at near atmospheric pressure, using surface X-ray scattering (SXS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In electrolytes, we confirmed the well-known (2 x 2)-3CO and (root 19 x root 19)-13CO structures and were able to study the transition between them. For gas-phase studies, we were able to stabilize extremely well-ordered CO monolayers by emersion transfer from an electrochemical cell. We found that the hexagonal close-packed (2 x 2)-3CO structure is the equilibrium phase at room temperature in similar to 1 atm CO gas pressure. This commensurate (C) phase transforms continuously to an incommensurate (IC) phase at elevated temperature (a second-order phase transition). We also confirm that the (root 19 x root 19)-13CO structure is stable at lower CO partial pressure. This C phase transforms discontinuously to an IC phase (a first-order phase transition). A tentative phase diagram and a brief review of structure details of the (2 x 2)-3CO and (root 19 x root 19)-13CO phases will be presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP You, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hyou@anl.gov RI Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 18 SI SI BP 5749 EP 5758 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.070 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 170IA UT WOS:000246655300028 ER PT J AU Tauke-Pedretti, A Dummer, M Barton, JS Sysak, MN Klamkin, J Coldren, LA AF Tauke-Pedretti, A. Dummer, M. Barton, J. S. Sysak, M. N. Klamkin, J. Coldren, L. A. TI Widely tunable 10 Gbit/s separate absorption and modulation Mach-Zehnder wavelength converter SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; TRANSMITTER; CHIP AB A fully monolithic separate absorption and modulation region wavelength converter requiring no bias tees has been fabricated. The device consists of a transmitter comprising a sampled-grating DBR laser and series-push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a receiver composed of a linear semiconductor optical amplifier and a quantum well pin photodetector. The wavelength converter has a 13 GHz bandwidth and demonstrates error-five operation at 10 Gbit/s with unity gain. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tauke-Pedretti, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM atauke@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 BP 584 EP 585 DI 10.1049/el:20070810 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 180ZN UT WOS:000247406600022 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, CT Follmann, R AF Rodenbeck, C. T. Follmann, R. TI Accurate prediction of large-signal harmonic distortion in gallium nitride HEMTs SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; DEVICE MODEL AB A nonlinear device modelling methodology capable of accurately predicting large-signal harmonic distortion in gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs is presented. Harmonic balance simulation predicts the correct load target for maximum output power, with good agreement between measured and simulated load-pull data at 8 GHz. Fundamental output power at 8 GHz as well as second- and third-order harmonic distortion products at 16 and 24 GHz, respectively, are precisely predicted into 10 dB compression for a 2 W 150 pm GaN transistor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IMST GmbH, D-47475 Kamp, Lintfort, Germany. RP Rodenbeck, CT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ctroden@sandia.gov RI Rodenbeck, Christopher/A-8937-2009 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 BP 590 EP 592 DI 10.1049/el:20070911 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 180ZN UT WOS:000247406600026 ER PT J AU Ahn, HT Carey, GF AF Ahn, Hyung Taek Carey, Graham F. TI An enhanced polygonal finite-volume method for unstructured hybrid meshes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE mesh distortion; polygonal finite volume; node-dual finite volume; unstructured hybrid mesh ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; TURBULENT FLOWS; GRIDS; SCHEME; ALGORITHM; EDGE AB Irregular hybrid meshes may excessively distort the node-dual finite-volume discretization. A new scheme is formulated that uses a different type of polygonal control volume. Superior stability of the polygonal scheme over the conventional node-dual scheme is demonstrated on representative irregular hybrid meshes for incompressible viscous flow past a circular cylinder. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ahn, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T 7, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM htahn@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1002/fld.1390 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 161QK UT WOS:000246030200002 ER PT J AU Yang, P Spiess, B Murthy, PPN Brown, RE AF Yang, Ping Spiess, Bernard Murthy, Pushpalatha P. N. Brown, Richard E. TI Influence of metal cations on the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network and pK(a) in phosphorylated compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; IMPLICIT SOLVENT; AB-INITIO; SOLVATION; MAGNESIUM; EXPLICIT; BINDING; ZINC AB The binding of the most common metal cations of cytoplasm (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) to a model molecule having an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network, myo-inositol-2-monophosphate, was studied using first principles. A strong correlation between the conformation of metal inositol phosphate complexes with the type of metal cation, degree of deprotonation state, and the surrounding environment has been observed. On the basis of the hydrogen-bonding network analysis of the cation-phosphate complexes (Mn+-Ins(2)P-1), the alkali cations show little effect on the conformational preference while the conformational preference for the binding of the alkaline earth cations is pH-dependent and solvent-dependent. For example, these calculations predict that Mg2+-Ins(2)P-1(0) and Mg2+-Ins(2)P-1(2-) favor the 1a/5e form while Mg2+-Ins(2)P-1(1-) favors the 5a/1e conformation. The Ca2+-Ins(2)P-1(2-) complex prefers the 1a/5e conformation in the gas phase and in a nonpolar protein environment, but inverts to the 5a/1e conformation upon entering the polar aqueous phase. The binding affinities of the cations and the pK(a) values for the cation-phosphate complexes are derived from thermodynamical analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Fac Pharm, Lab Pharmacochim Mol, CNRS, UPR 421, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM pyang@lanl.gov; rebrown@mtu.edu RI Yang, Ping/E-5355-2011; OI Yang, Ping/0000-0003-4726-2860 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 3602 EP 3612 DI 10.1021/jp068890d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 163UW UT WOS:000246189700024 PM 17432837 ER PT J AU Wishart, JF Castner, EW AF Wishart, James F. Castner, Edward W., Jr. TI The physical chemistry of ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLVENTS; WATER; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CATALYSIS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Wishart, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 24 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4639 EP 4640 DI 10.1021/jp072262u PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100001 ER PT J AU Rickert, PG Antonio, MR Firestone, MA Kubatko, KA Szreder, T Wishart, JF Dietz, ML AF Rickert, Paul G. Antonio, Mark R. Firestone, Millicent A. Kubatko, Karrie-Ann Szreder, Tomasz Wishart, James F. Dietz, Mark L. TI Tetraalkylphosphonium polyoxometalate ionic liquids: Novel, organic-inorganic hybrid materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; POLYNUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; NANOBUILDING BLOCKS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CATION SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Pairing of a Keggin or Lindqvist polyoxometalate (POM) anion with an appropriate tetraalkylphosphonium cation is shown to yield the first members of a new family of ionic liquids (ILs). Detailed characterization of one of them, an ambient-temperature "liquid POM" comprising the Lindqvist salt of the trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium cation, by voltammetry, viscometry, conductimetry, and thermal analysis indicates that it exhibits conductivity and viscosity comparable to those of the one previously described inorganic-organic POM-IL hybrid but with substantially improved thermal stability. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mdietz@anl.gov RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR0954] NR 82 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4685 EP 4692 DI 10.1021/jp0671751 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100008 PM 17474696 ER PT J AU Shirota, H Wishart, JF Castner, EW AF Shirota, Hideaki Wishart, James F. Castner, Edward W., Jr. TI Intermolecular interactions and dynamics of room temperature ionic liquids that have silyl- and siloxy-substituted imidazolium cations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID KERR-EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL KERR; MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELD; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; ORIENTATIONAL DYNAMICS; NANOSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT RELAXATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB The intermolecular interactions and dynamics of novel ionic liquids with alkylsilyl and alkylsiloxy substitutions on the cations are studied by measuring the intermolecular vibrational spectra and reorientational dynamics using femtosecond Kerr effect methods. The new ionic liquids include 1-dimethylphenylsilylmethyl-3-methylimidazolium (PhSi-mim(+)), and 1-methyl-3-pentamethyldisiloxymethylimidazolium (SiOSi-mim(+)) cations paired with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2-) anion. Measured ionic liquid viscosities are surprisingly low for such bulky cation substituents. DFT electronic structure calculations on the isolated ions provide additional information about the electrostatic interactions. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shirota, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM shirota@faculty.chiba-u.jp; wishart@bnl.gov; ed.castner@rutgers.edu RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 91 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4819 EP 4829 DI 10.1021/jp067126o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100026 PM 17417895 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Lopato, R Greenbaum, SG Shirota, H Castner, EW Wishart, JF AF Chung, Song H. Lopato, Richard Greenbaum, Steven G. Shirota, Hideaki Castner, Edward W., Jr. Wishart, James F. TI Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the dynamics of imidazolium ionic liquids with -CH2Si(CH3)(3) vs -CH2C(CH3)(3) substituents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; LITHIUM TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE; FIELD GRADIENT; NMR; DIFFUSION; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT; SOLVENTS AB Trimethylsilylmethyl (TMSiM)-substituted imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2-), and tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) ionic liquids (ILs) have lower room-temperature viscosities by factors of 1.6 and 7.4, respectively, than isostructural neopentylimidazolium ILs. In an attempt to account for the effects of silicon substitution in imidazolium RTILs and to investigate the ion dynamics, we report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of H-1 (I = 1/2) and F-19 (I = 1/2) spin-lattice relaxation times (T-1) and self-diffusion coefficients (D) as a function of temperature for ILs containing the TMSiM group and, for comparison, the analogous neopentyl group. The H-1 and F-19 nuclei probe the dynamics of the cations and anions, respectively. The low-temperature line shapes were determined to be Gaussian, and the onset of the rigid lattice line width is correlated with the measured glass transition temperature. The spin-lattice relaxation data feature a broad T-1 minimum as a function of inverse temperature for both nuclear species. The Arrhenius plots of the diffusion data for both nuclear species are found to exhibit Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher curvature. Analysis of the eta and D data generally show fractional Stokes-Einstein behavior D proportional to (T/eta)(m). This is most prominent in the neopentylimidazolium BF4- IL with m approximate to 0.66. C1 William Paterson Univ New Jersey, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chung, SH (reprint author), William Paterson Univ New Jersey, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. EM chungs@wpunj.edu RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 56 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4885 EP 4893 DI 10.1021/jp071755w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100034 PM 17441766 ER PT J AU Funston, AM Fadeeva, TA Wishart, JF Castner, EW AF Funston, Alison M. Fadeeva, Tatiana A. Wishart, James F. Castner, Edward W., Jr. TI Fluorescence probing of temperature-dependent dynamics and friction in ionic liquid local environments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID SOLVATION DYNAMICS; MOLTEN-SALTS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; NANOSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; OXIDE)-POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); INTERMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT RELAXATION AB The solvation dynamics and local orientational friction for a series of four ionic liquids have been probed using coumarin 153 (C153) as a function of temperature. These ionic liquids are comprised of nonaromatic organic cations paired with a common anion, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (NTf2-). The specific liquids are as follows: N- methyl-tri-N-butylammonium NTf2- - (N-1444(+)/ NTf2-), N-hexyl-tri-N-butylammonium NTf2 ( N6444(+) +/ NTf2 -), N- methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium NTf2 - ( Pyrr(14) +/ NTf2 -), and N- methyl-N-ethoxyethylpyrrolidinium NTf2 - ( Pyrr(1(2O2)) +/ NTf2-). The observed solvation dynamics and fluorescence depolarization dynamics occur over a broad range of time scales that can only be adequately fit by functions including three or more exponential components. Stretched exponential distributions cannot adequately fit our data. The solvation and reorientational dynamics of the C153 probe are studied over a range of temperatures from 278.2 to 353.2 K. For both the solvation dynamics and the probe reorientational dynamics, the observed temperature dependence is well fit by a Vogel- Tammann- Fulcher law. To correlate the observed microscopic dynamics with macroscopic physical properties, temperature- dependent viscosities are also measured. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to study the thermodynamics of the phase transitions from the liquid to supercooled liquid to glassy states. For the two tetraalkylammonium liquids, the observed melting transitions occur near 300 K, so we are able to study the dynamics in a clearly supercooled regime. Very long time scale orientational relaxation time constants dynamics on the order of 100 ns are observed in the C153 fluorescence anisotropy. These are interpreted to arise from long- lived local structures in the environment surrounding the C153 probe. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Castner, EW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Funston, Alison/B-8817-2012; Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Funston, Alison/0000-0002-4320-6434; Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 108 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4963 EP 4977 DI 10.1021/jp068298o PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100043 PM 17439268 ER PT J AU Arzhantsev, S Jin, H Baker, GA Maroncelli, M AF Arzhantsev, Sergei Jin, Hui Baker, Gary A. Maroncelli, Mark TI Measurements of the complete solvation response in ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; DYNAMICS COMPUTER-SIMULATION; EXCITED LARGE DIPOLE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLAR SOLVATION; ROTATIONAL RELAXATION; STOKES SHIFT; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERMOLECULAR DYNAMICS AB Dynamic Stokes shift measurements of the solvatochromic probe trans-4-dimethylamino-4'-cyanostilbene were used to measure the solvation response of five imidazolium and one pyrrolidinium ionic liquid at 25 degrees C. The Kerr-gated emission and time-correlated single-photon-counting techniques were used to measure spectral dynamics occurring over the time ranges of 100 fs-200 ps and 50 ps-5 ns, respectively, and a combination of data sets from these two techniques enabled observation of the complete solvation response. Observed response functions were found to be biphasic, consisting of a sub-picosecond component of modest (10-20%) amplitude and a dominant slower component relaxing over times of a few picoseconds to several nanoseconds. The faster component could be correlated to inertial characteristics of the constituent ions, and the slower component to solvent viscosity. Dielectric continuum calculations of the sort previously used to predict solvation dynamics in dipolar liquids were shown to work poorly for predicting the response in these ionic liquids. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maroncelli, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, 104 Chem Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM maroncelli@psu.edu RI Jin, Hui/B-1837-2010; Maroncelli, Mark/A-1800-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 98 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4978 EP 4989 DI 10.1021/jp067273m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100044 PM 17319715 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, IF Bunker, BA Cygan, RT AF Vasconcelos, Igor F. Bunker, Bruce A. Cygan, Randall T. TI Molecular dynamics modeling of ion adsorption to the basal surfaces of kaolinite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CLAY-MINERALS; COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; CLASSICAL FLUIDS; CS-133 NMR; CESIUM; SIMULATION; DISSOLUTION; PRESSURE; EXAFS AB Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the mechanisms involved in the adsorption of various ions to the basal surfaces of kaolinite. Analysis of simulation data indicates that cations and anions adsorb preferably on the siloxane and gibbsite surfaces of kaolinite, respectively. Strong inner-sphere adsorption of chlorine at aluminum vacancies on the gibbsite surface and the occurrence of chlorine-driven inner-sphere adsorption of cesium and sodium on the gibbsite surface for high ionic strengths are observed. Cesium ions form strong inner-sphere complexes at ditrigonal cavities on the siloxane surface. Outer-sphere cesium is highly mobile and only weak adsorption may occur. A small amount of sodium adsorbs on the siloxane surface as inner-sphere complexes at less clearly defined sites. Like cesium, sodium only forms very weak outer-sphere complexes on this surface. Inner-sphere complexes of cadmium and lead do not occur on either surface. Relatively strong outer-sphere cadmium and lead complexes are present on the siloxane surface at ditrigonal cavities. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vasconcelos, IF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ifvasco@ufc.br RI Vasconcelos, Igor/G-6800-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Vasconcelos, Igor/0000-0002-6172-805X; NR 47 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 6753 EP 6762 DI 10.1021/jp065687+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 163VE UT WOS:000246190500026 ER PT J AU Bratlie, KM Somorjai, GA AF Bratlie, Kaitlin M. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI A sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic study of the adsorption and reactions of C-6 hydrocarbons at high pressures on Pt(100) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; N-ALKANES; PT(111); SPECTRA; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION; HEXANE; DEHYDROCYCLIZATION; MOLECULES; SYSTEM AB Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to investigate the adsorption geometries and surface reactions of various C-6 hydrocarbons (n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and 1-hexene) on Pt(100). At 300 K and in the presence of excess hydrogen, n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, and 2-methylpentane adsorb molecularly on Pt(100) mostly in "flat-lying" conformations. Upon heating the metal surface to 450 K, the molecules underwent dehydrogenation to form new surface species in "standing-up" conformations, such as hexylidyne and metallacyclic species. 1-Hexene, however, dehydrogenated to form metallocycle Pt3C-(CH2)(5)-Pt at 300 K in the presence of excess hydrogen and remained unreacted on the surface upon heating the metal surface to 450 K. Dehydrogenation was enhanced in the absence of excess hydrogen in the cases of n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane to form metallocycle Pt3C-(CH2)(5)-Pt; 2-methyl-1-pentene and 4-methyl-1-pentene; and metallacyclohexane, respectively, at 300 K. These surface species remained unreacted after increasing the surface temperature to 450 K. The mechanisms for catalytic isomerization and dehydrocyclization of n-hexane were discussed on the basis of these results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Bratlie, Kaitlin/A-1133-2009 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 6837 EP 6845 DI 10.1021/jp070968i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 163VE UT WOS:000246190500037 ER PT J AU Dai, B Sholl, DS Johnson, JK AF Dai, Bing Sholl, David S. Johnson, J. Karl TI First-principles investigation of adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen on Mg2Si surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID N-H SYSTEM; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STORAGE MATERIALS; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; METAL-HYDRIDES AB Silicon can be used to destabilize MgH2 by producing Mg2Si and H-2 as products. This process does not appear to be easily reversible. We have used density functional theory to investigate the adsorption and dissociation of H-2 on clean and oxidized Mg2Si surfaces as a first step toward understanding the hydrogenation cycle. The surface energies of different low-index surfaces of Mg2Si have been examined and the ((1) over bar 10) surface has the lowest surface energy of all the surfaces investigated. The energy barriers for hydrogen dissociation on the clean ((1) over bar 10) surface along two different pathways were found to be 39.8 and 47.2 kJ/mol. Hydrogen dissociation should therefore be facile at room temperature. Oxide formation on Mg2Si((1) over bar 10) was calculated to be very exothermic. Our calculations indicate that the equilibrium coverage of oxygen on Mg2Si is 1.75 monolayer down to very low partial pressures of oxygen. Our calculations indicate that hydrogen dissociation is strongly inhibited on the oxide surface. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM karlj@pitt.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 6910 EP 6916 DI 10.1021/jp070469h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 163VE UT WOS:000246190500048 ER PT J AU Bode, M Heide, M von Bergmann, K Ferriani, P Heinze, S Bihlmayer, G Kubetzka, A Pietzsch, O Blugel, S Wiesendanger, R AF Bode, M. Heide, M. von Bergmann, K. Ferriani, P. Heinze, S. Bihlmayer, G. Kubetzka, A. Pietzsch, O. Bluegel, S. Wiesendanger, R. TI Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-SCALE; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AB Chirality is a fascinating phenomenon that can manifest itself in subtle ways, for example in biochemistry ( in the observed single-handedness of biomolecules(1)) and in particle physics ( in the charge-parity violation of electroweak interactions(2)). In condensed matter, magnetic materials can also display single-handed, or homochiral, spin structures. This may be caused by the Dzyaloshinskii - Moriya interaction, which arises from spin - orbit scattering of electrons in an inversion-asymmetric crystal field(3,4). This effect is typically irrelevant in bulk metals as their crystals are inversion symmetric. However, low-dimensional systems lack structural inversion symmetry, so that homochiral spin structures may occur(5). Here we report the observation of magnetic order of a specific chirality in a single atomic layer of manganese on a tungsten ( 110) substrate. Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals that adjacent spins are not perfectly antiferromagnetic but slightly canted, resulting in a spin spiral structure with a period of about 12 nm. We show by quantitative theory that this chiral order is caused by the Dzyaloshinskii - Moriya interaction and leads to a left-rotating spin cycloid. Our findings confirm the significance of this interaction for magnets in reduced dimensions. Chirality in nanoscale magnets may play a crucial role in spintronic devices, where the spin rather than the charge of an electron is used for data transmission and manipulation. For instance, a spin-polarized current flowing through chiral magnetic structures will exert a spin-torque on the magnetic structure(6,7), causing a variety of excitations or manipulations of the magnetization(8,9) and giving rise to microwave emission, magnetization switching, or magnetic motors. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Appl Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Microstruct Res Ctr, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Bode, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mbode@anl.gov RI Bihlmayer, Gustav/G-5279-2013; Blugel, Stefan/J-8323-2013; Wiesendanger, Roland/P-9726-2016; Bode, Matthias/S-3249-2016; von Bergmann, Kirsten/S-5696-2016 OI Bihlmayer, Gustav/0000-0002-6615-1122; Blugel, Stefan/0000-0001-9987-4733; Wiesendanger, Roland/0000-0002-0472-4183; Bode, Matthias/0000-0001-7514-5560; von Bergmann, Kirsten/0000-0002-4514-3254 NR 27 TC 350 Z9 351 U1 24 U2 175 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7141 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1038/nature05802 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 165WT UT WOS:000246338700039 PM 17495922 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, V. N. Harmon, B. N. Yaresko, A. N. TI X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in UGe2: first-principles calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; BAND THEORY; ENERGY AB The electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra of UGe2 at the U N-4,N-5, N-2,N-3 and Ge K and L-2,L-3 edges are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic spin-polarized Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as the LSDA+ U method. The origin of the XMCD spectra in the compound is examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 18 AR 186222 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/18/186222 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XE UT WOS:000246556500028 PM 21691003 ER PT J AU Bondino, F Brinkman, A Zangrando, M Carbone, F van der Marel, D Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Parmigiani, F AF Bondino, F. Brinkman, A. Zangrando, M. Carbone, F. van der Marel, D. Schlagel, D. L. Lograsso, T. A. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Pecharsky, V. K. Parmigiani, F. TI Experimental investigation of the electronic structure of Gd5Ge2Si2 by photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; GD5SI2GE2; GD-5(SI2GE2); GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); GD; ALLOYS AB The electronic structure of the magnetic refrigerant Gd5Ge2Si2 has been experimentally investigated by photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The resonant photoemission and x-ray absorption measurements performed across the Gd N-4,N-5 and Gd M-4,M-5 edges identify the position of Gd 4f multiplet lines, and assess the 4f occupancy (4f(7)) and the character of the states close to the Fermi edge. The presence of Gd 5d states in the valence band suggests that an indirect 5d exchange mechanism underlies the magnetic interactions between Gd 4f moments in Gd5Ge2Si2. From 175 to 300 K the first 4 eV of the valence band and the Gd partial density of states do not display clear variations. A significant change is instead detected in the photoemission spectra at higher binding energy, around 5.5 eV, likely associated to the variation of the bonding and antibonding Ge( Si) s bands across the phase transition. C1 Lab Nazl TASC, INFM, CNR, Trieste, Italy. Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Fac Sci & Technol, Twente, Netherlands. MESA, Twente, Netherlands. Univ Twente, Inst Nanotechnol, Twente, Netherlands. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Brescia, Italy. Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Trieste, Italy. RP Bondino, F (reprint author), Lab Nazl TASC, INFM, CNR, Trieste, Italy. EM bondino@tasc.infm.it RI Carbone, Fabrizio/A-2969-2012; Zangrando, Marco/E-1326-2015; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012; OI Zangrando, Marco/0000-0001-8860-3962; van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847; Parmigiani, Fulvio/0000-0001-9529-7406; Bondino, Federica/0000-0001-6505-9319 NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 18 AR 186219 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/18/186219 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XE UT WOS:000246556500025 PM 21691000 ER PT J AU Fischer, P AF Fischer, Peter TI Towards a deeper insight into strongly correlated electron systems - the symbiosis between experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SUPERCONDUCTOR C1 Ctr Xray Opt, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Ctr Xray Opt, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFischer@lbl.gov RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 18 AR 181002 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/181002 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XE UT WOS:000246556500002 PM 21690978 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Lee, DW Zhao, B Hu, H Styers-Barnett, DJ Puretzky, AA DePaoli, DW Geohegan, DB Ford, EA Angelini, P AF Cheng, Meng-Dawn Lee, Doh-Won Zhao, Bin Hu, Hui Styers-Barnett, David J. Puretzky, Alexander A. DePaoli, David W. Geohegan, David B. Ford, Emory A. Angelini, Peter TI Formation studies and controlled production of carbon nanohorns using continuous in situ characterization techniques SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; NANOTUBES AB The formation of carbon nanohorns by laser ablation was investigated using a scanning differential mobility analyzer combined with an ultrafine condensation particle counter. The measurement technique provided time-resolved size distributions for the carbon nanoparticles every minute during the course of the production run. The instrument performance was reasonably stable most of the time; however, during laser ablation, shockwave oscillations leading to significant transient flow and pressure variations were shown to disrupt the DMAs ability to measure accurate distributions. On the basis of the general trend observed in the data taken during the laser-ablation experiments, we found that the geometric mean diameter of the produced population shifted to larger particle sizes with increases in pulse width. For a given laser peak power and repetition rate, carbon nanoparticles of mobility diameter close to 100 nm were produced in a large abundance using longer laser pulse lengths ( e. g., 10 ms) as compared to the shorter pulse lengths ( e. g., 1 ms). A quantitative assessment of the particle size dispersion ( using statistics like the geometric standard deviation) in relation to the laser pulse width could not be done with certainty as the shockwave disturbances produced by the laser-ablation process caused significant disruption to SMPS measurements. When laser ablation was not in operation, it was found that carbon nanoparticles with mobility diameters centred at about 20 nm could be produced by thermally desorbing the previously deposited carbon nanoparticles from the reactor wall at temperatures greater than 1300 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Mat Technol Inst, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 18 AR 185604 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/18/185604 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 169JY UT WOS:000246589700011 ER PT J AU Munson, K Law, RJ Sachs, G AF Munson, Keith Law, Richard J. Sachs, George TI Analysis of the gastric H,K ATPase for ion pathways and inhibitor binding sites SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NA,K-ATPASE ALPHA-SUBUNIT; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM CA2+-ATPASE; K+-COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CALCIUM-PUMP; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB New models of the gastric H,K ATPase in the E1K and E2P states are presented as the first structures of a K+ counter-transport P-2-type ATPase exhibiting ion entry and exit paths. Homology modeling was first used to generate a starting conformation from the srCa ATPase E2P form (PDB code 1wpg) that contains bound MgADP. Energy minimization of the model showed a conserved adenosine site but nonconserved polyphosphate contacts compared to the srCa ATPase. Molecular dynamics was then employed to expand the luminal entry sufficiently to allow access of the rigid K+ competitive naphthyridine inhibitor, Byk99, to its binding site within the membrane domain. The new E2P model had increased separation between transmembrane segments M3 through M8, and addition of water in this space showed not only an inhibitor entry path to the luminal vestibule but also a channel leading to the ion binding site. Addition of K+ to the hydrated channel with molecular dynamics modeling of ion movement identified a pathway for K+ from the lumen to the ion binding site to give E2K. A K+ exit path to the cytoplasm operating during the normal catalytic cycle is also proposed on the basis of an E1K homology model derived from the E(1)2Ca(2+) form of the srCa ATPase (PDB code 1su4). Autodock analyses of the new E2P model now correctly discriminate between high- and low-affinity K+ competitive inhibitors. Finally, the expanded luminal vestibule of the E2P model explains high-affinity ouabain binding in a mutant of the H,K ATPase. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Lab Marine Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 90000 USA. RP Munson, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Lab Marine Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM kmunson@ucla.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK053642-10, DK58333, R01 DK046917-09S2, DK53462, R01 DK046917, R01 DK058333, R01 DK053642, R01 DK058333-09, DK46917, R56 DK058333] NR 75 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 5398 EP 5417 DI 10.1021/bi062305h PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 162FH UT WOS:000246071700014 PM 17425287 ER PT J AU Meijers, R Adolph, HW Dauter, Z Wilson, KS Lamzin, VS Cedergren-Zeppezauer, ES AF Meijers, Rob Adolph, Hans-Werner Dauter, Zbigniew Wilson, Keith S. Lamzin, Victor S. Cedergren-Zeppezauer, Eila S. TI Structural evidence for a ligand coordination switch in liver alcohol dehydrogenase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERNARY COMPLEX; SUBSTITUTED COBALT(II); SITE; PROTEIN; BINDING; RESOLUTION; CATALYSIS; ENZYME; NADH; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The use of substrate analogues as inhibitors provides a way to understand and manipulate enzyme function. Here we report two 1 A resolution crystal structures of liver alcohol dehydrogenase in complex with NADH and two inhibitors: dimethyl sulfoxide and isobutyramide. Both structures present a dynamic state of inhibition. In the dimethyl sulfoxide complex structure, the inhibitor is caught in transition on its way to the active site using a flash-freezing protocol and a cadmium-substituted enzyme. One inhibitor molecule is partly located in the first and partly in the second coordination sphere of the active site metal. A hydroxide ion bound to the active site metal lies close to the pyridine ring of NADH, which is puckered in a twisted boat conformation. The cadmium ion is coordinated by both the hydroxide ion and the inhibitor molecule, providing structural evidence of a coordination switch at the active site metal ion. The structure of the isobutyramide complex reveals the partial formation of an adduct between the isobutyramide inhibitor and NADH. It provides evidence of the contribution of a shift from the keto to the enol tautomer during aldehyde reduction. The different positions of the inhibitors further refine the knowledge of the dynamics of the enzyme mechanism and explain how the crowded active site can facilitate the presence of a substrate and a metal-bound hydroxide ion. C1 Care Of DESY, European Mol Biol Lab, Hamburg Outstn, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Saarland, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, NCI, MCL, Synchrotron Radiat Res Stn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ York, Dept Chem, York Struct Biol Lab, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. Lund Univ, Ctr Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Biochem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Meijers, R (reprint author), Lorme Merisiers, Div Experiences, Synchrotron Soleil, St Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM rob.meijers@synchrotron-soleil.fr; eila.cedergren@telia.com RI Adolph, Hans/A-2104-2008; Meijers, Rob/D-5521-2011; OI Lamzin, Victor/0000-0002-6058-7793; Meijers, Rob/0000-0003-2872-6279 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 5446 EP 5454 DI 10.1021/bi6023594 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 162FH UT WOS:000246071700018 PM 17429946 ER PT J AU Toth, M Zajicek, J Kim, C Chow, JW Smith, C Mobashery, S Vakulenko, S AF Toth, Marta Zajicek, Jaroslav Kim, Choonkeun Chow, Joseph W. Smith, Clyde Mobashery, Shahriar Vakulenko, Sergei TI Kinetic mechanism of enterococcal aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 2 ''-Ib SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GENTAMICIN RESISTANCE GENE; THEORELL-CHANCE MECHANISM; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ENZYME; C-13; H-1; IDENTIFICATION AB The major mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical bacterial isolates is the covalent modification of these antibiotics by enzymes produced by the bacteria. Aminoglycoside 2''-Ib phosphotransferase [APH(2'')-Ib] produces resistance to several clinically important aminoglycosides in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the product of kanamycin A phosphorylation revealed that modification occurs at the 2''-hydroxyl of the aminoglycoside. APH(2'')-Ib phosphorylates 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides with k(cat)/K-m values of 10(5)-10(7) M-1 s(,)(-1) while 4,5-disubstituted antibiotics are not substrates for the enzyme. Initial velocity studies demonstrate that APH(2'')-Ib operates by a sequential mechanism. Product and dead-end inhibition patterns indicate that binding of aminoglycoside antibiotic and ATP occurs in a random manner. These data, together with the results of solvent isotope and viscosity effect studies, demonstrate that APH(2'')-Ib follows the random Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism and substrate binding and/or product release could limit the rate of reaction. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Merck Res Labs, Dept Infect Clin Res, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vakulenko, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM svakulen@nd.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI057393-02, R01 AI057393] NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 5570 EP 5578 DI 10.1021/bi6024512 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 162FH UT WOS:000246071700032 PM 17425289 ER PT J AU Mace, GG Marchand, R Zhang, QQ Stephens, G AF Mace, Gerald G. Marchand, Roger Zhang, Qiquing Stephens, Graeme TI Global hydrometeor occurrence as observed by CloudSat: Initial observations from summer 2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; MISSION AB [1] Measurements of global hydrometeor coverage and occurrence frequencies as observed by the cloud radar on CloudSat are summarized using data collected during Summer 2006. CloudSat was launched on 28 April 2006 and began collecting data routinely on 7 June 2006. In this article we document the distribution of cloudiness from the ITCZ to the Polar regions as observed by CloudSat during the first summer of operations. The overall global hydrometeor coverage as observed by CloudSat is found to be 0.506. The vertical distribution of zonally averaged hydrometeor occurrence shows the relationship of clouds with components of the atmospheric general circulation such as the Hadley Cell, the ubiquitous storms over the Southern Ocean, and the subtropical stratocumulus regimes. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mace, GG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mace@met.utah.edu NR 7 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 AR L09808 DI 10.1029/2006GL029017 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 168AE UT WOS:000246493500003 ER PT J AU Goertz, MP Houston, JE Zhu, XY AF Goertz, Matthew P. Houston, J. E. Zhu, X-Y. TI Hydrophilicity and the viscosity of interfacial water SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; CONFINED WATER; THIN-FILMS; HYDRATION; MOLECULES; SURFACES; CONDENSATION; DYNAMICS; FRICTION; LIQUIDS AB We measure the viscosity of nanometer-thick water films at the interface with an amorphous silica surface. We obtain viscosity values from three different measurements: friction force in a water meniscus formed between an oxide-terminated W tip and the silica surface under ambient conditions; similar measurements for these interfaces under water; and the repulsive "drainage" force as the two surfaces approach at various speeds in water. In all three cases, we obtain effective viscosities that are similar to 10(6) times greater than that of bulk water for nanometer-scale interfacial separations. This enhanced viscosity is not observed when we degrade the hydrophilicity of the surface by terminating it with -H or -CH(3). In view of recent results from other interfaces, we conclude that the criterion for the formation of a viscous interphase is the degree of hydrophilicity of the interfacial pair. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Houston, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jehoust@sandia.gov; zhu@chem.umn.edu NR 42 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 10 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 5491 EP 5497 DI 10.1021/la062299q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 162FI UT WOS:000246071800043 PM 17408290 ER PT J AU Ruan, CM Eres, G Wang, W Zhang, ZY Gu, BH AF Ruan, Chuanmin Eres, Gyula Wang, Wei Zhang, Zhenyu Gu, Baohua TI Controlled fabrication of nanopillar arrays as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD ELECTRODES; POROUS ALUMINA; SCATTERING; SILVER; THIONINE; PHENOTHIAZINE; LITHOGRAPHY; MONOLAYERS AB Highly ordered gold nanopillar arrays were fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Nanopillars with a dimension of 110 +/- 15 nm in vertical height and 75 +/- 10 nm in base diameter were formed with a density of 150 mu m(-2). The ordered nanopillar arrays give reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at a detection limit of 10(-8) M using thionine as probing molecules. The enhancement by the Au nanopillar arrays was comparable with or better than that of dispersed gold nanoparticle SERS substrates. This work demonstrates a new technique for producing highly ordered and reproducible SERS substrates potentially applicable for chemical and biological assay. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gub1@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 36 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 5757 EP 5760 DI 10.1021/la0636356 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 162FI UT WOS:000246071800080 PM 17425344 ER PT J AU Kadau, K Rosenblatt, C Barber, JL Germann, TC Huang, ZB Carles, P Alder, BJ AF Kadau, Kai Rosenblatt, Charles Barber, John L. Germann, Timothy C. Huang, Zhibin Carles, Pierre Alder, Berni J. TI The importance of fluctuations in fluid mixing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atomistic simulation; magnetic levitation; Rayleigh-Taylor ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ACCELERATION; TURBULENCE AB A ubiquitous example of fluid mixing is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, in which a heavy fluid initially sits atop a light fluid in a gravitational field. The subsequent development of the unstable interface between the two fluids is marked by several stages. At first, each interface mode grows exponentially with time before transitioning to a nonlinear regime characterized by more complex hydrodynamic mixing. Unfortunately, traditional continuum modeling of this process has generally been in poor agreement with experiment. Here, we indicate that the natural, random fluctuations of the flow field present in any fluid, which are neglected in continuum models, can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively better agreement with experiment. We performed billion-particle atomistic simulations and magnetic levitation experiments with unprecedented control of initial interface conditions. A comparison between our simulations and experiments reveals good agreement in terms of the growth rate of the mixing front as well as the new observation of droplet breakup at later times. These results improve our understanding of many fluid processes, including interface phenomena that occur, for example, in supernovae, the detachment of droplets from a faucet, and ink jet printing. Such instabilities are also relevant to the possible energy source of inertial confinement fusion, in which a millimeter-sized capsule is imploded to initiate nuclear fusion reactions between deuterium and tritium. Our results suggest that the applicability of continuum models would be greatly enhanced by explicitly including the effects of random fluctuations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kkadau@lanl.gov OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG032910] NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 19 BP 7741 EP 7745 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702871104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 167OR UT WOS:000246461500005 PM 17470811 ER PT J AU Xiong, ZT Wu, GT Hu, JJ Liu, YF Chen, P Luo, WF Wang, J AF Xiong, Zhitao Wu, Guotao Hu, Jianjiang Liu, Yongfeng Chen, Ping Luo, Weifang Wang, James TI Reversible hydrogen storage by a Li-Al-N-H complex SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL HYDRIDES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-REACTION; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; AL-27 NMR; SYSTEM; LITHIUM; LIALH4; DESTABILIZATION; DESORPTION AB Stepwise solid-state reaction between LiNH2 and LiAlH4 at a molar ratio of 2:1 is investigated in this paper. It is observed that approximately four H atoms are evolved from a mixture of LiNH2-LiAlH4 (2:1) after mechanical ball milling. The transformation of tetrahedral [AlH4](-) in LiAlH4 to the octahedral [AlH6](3-) in Li3AlH6 is observed after ball milling LiAlH4 with LiNH2. Al-N bonding is identified by using solid-state Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The NMR data, together with the results of X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform IR measurements, indicate that a Li-Al-N-H intermediate with the chemical composition of Li3AlN2H4 forms after ball milling. Heating the post-milled sample to 500 degrees C results in the liberation of an additional four H atoms and the formation of Li3AlN2. More than 5 wt % hydrogen can be reversibly stored by Li3AlN2. The hydrogenated sample contains LiNH2, LiH, and AlN. The role of AlN in the reversible hydrogen storage over Li-Al-N-H is discussed. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xiong, ZT (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542, Singapore. EM phychenp@nus.edu.sg RI Liu, Yongfeng/C-2989-2017 NR 35 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1137 EP 1142 DI 10.1002/adfm.200600759 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 170FH UT WOS:000246647500012 ER PT J AU Kanatzidis, MG AF Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Beyond silica: Nonoxidic mesostructured materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIA; ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; LAMELLAR PLATINUM NANOSTRUCTURES; OPEN FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES; METAL GERMANIUM SULFIDES; SUPPORTED PT-NI; THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION AB Recent advances in the design and synthesis of mesostructured and mesoporous materials with nonoxide frameworks are reviewed. Chalcogenides comprise the most important class, and all possible pore arrangements known for silica can be achieved in these materials. The special molecular chemistry that leads to organized nonoxidic mesostructures that have a variety of compositions, pore sizes, and semiconductor bandgaps is presented. Also reviewed are recent developments in mesoporous elements, such as metals and germanium. The goal in research on mesoporous semiconductors is to create materials scaffolds with new physical phenomena that derive from the combined characteristics of long-range porosity and electronic and optical properties. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu NR 203 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1165 EP 1181 DI 10.1002/adma.200601763 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 170IZ UT WOS:000246658100001 ER PT J AU Chang, CW Okawa, D Garcia, H Yuzvinsky, TD Majumdar, A Zettl, A AF Chang, C. W. Okawa, D. Garcia, H. Yuzvinsky, T. D. Majumdar, A. Zettl, A. TI Tunable thermal links SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB We demonstrate that the thermal conductance K of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes can be controllably and reversibly adjusted by sliding the outer shells of the tube with respect to the inner core in a telescopinglike manner. K shows an exponential dependence on the telescoping distance. Tunable nanoscale thermal links have immediate implications for nano- to macroscale thermal management, biosystems, and phononic information processing. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chihwei@berkeley.edu; azettl@berkeley.edu RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Yuzvinsky, Thomas/0000-0001-5708-2877 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 193114 DI 10.1063/1.2738187 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400079 ER PT J AU Chiou, JW Ray, SC Tsai, HM Pao, CW Chien, FZ Pong, WF Tsai, MH Wu, JJ Tseng, CH Chen, CH Lee, JF Guo, JH AF Chiou, J. W. Ray, S. C. Tsai, H. M. Pao, C. W. Chien, F. Z. Pong, W. F. Tsai, M. -H. Wu, J. J. Tseng, C. H. Chen, C. -H. Lee, J. F. Guo, J. -H. TI Charge transfer in nanocrystalline-Au/ZnO nanorods investigated by x-ray spectroscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LEVEL EQUILIBRATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AB O K- and Zn and Au L-3-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) are performed to investigate the electronic structure of ZnO nanorods with nanocrystalline (nc)-Au particles grown on the surfaces. The XANES spectra of nc-Au/ZnO nanorods reveal the decrease of the number of both O 2p and Zn 4s/3d unoccupied states with the increase of the nc-Au particle size. The number of Au 6s/5d unoccupied states increases when the size of nc-Au particle decreases, indicating that the deposition of nc-Au particles on the surface of ZnO nanorods promotes charge transfer from the ZnO nanorods to nc-Au particles. Excitation energy dependent XES and SPEM spectra show that the number of electrons in the valence band of O 2p-Zn 4sp hybridized states decreases as the nc-Au particle size increases, revealing that more electrons are excited from the valence band to the conduction band of ZnO nanorods and the storage of electrons in nc-Au particles. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pong, WF (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. EM wfpong@mail.tku.edu.tw RI Wu, Jih-Jen/G-3513-2013 OI Wu, Jih-Jen/0000-0001-5535-5878 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 192112 DI 10.1063/1.2738369 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400045 ER PT J AU Doriese, WB Ullom, JN Beall, JA Duncan, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Mates, JAB Reintsema, CD Vale, LR Xu, Y Zink, BL Rabin, MW Hoover, AS Rudy, CR Vo, DT AF Doriese, W. B. Ullom, J. N. Beall, J. A. Duncan, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Mates, J. A. B. Reintsema, C. D. Vale, L. R. Xu, Y. Zink, B. L. Rabin, M. W. Hoover, A. S. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. TI 14-pixel, multiplexed array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters with 47 eV energy resolution at 103 keV SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; INTERFERENCE DEVICE MULTIPLEXER AB The authors present a prototype for a high-energy-resolution, high-count-rate, gamma-ray spectrometer intended for nuclear forensics and international nuclear safeguards. The prototype spectrometer is an array of 14 transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an average energy resolution of 47 eV (full width at half maximum) at 103 keV. The resolution of the best pixel is 25 eV. A cryogenic, time-division multiplexer reads out the array. Several important topics related to microcalorimeter arrays are discussed, including cross-talk, the uniformity of detector bias conditions, fabrication of the arrays, and the multiplexed readout. The measurements and calculations demonstrate that a kilopixel array of high-resolution microcalorimeters is feasible. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MC 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM doriese@boulder.nist.gov OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 12 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 193508 DI 10.1063/1.2738371 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400096 ER PT J AU Gorelik, LY Kulinich, SI Shekhter, RI Jonson, M Vinokur, VM AF Gorelik, L. Y. Kulinich, S. I. Shekhter, R. I. Jonson, M. Vinokur, V. M. TI Shot noise spectroscopy of electronic spin flips in quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Spin decoherence and spin flips crucially affect the tunneling transport of spin-polarized electrons through a quantum dot connected to magnetic leads. Here, the authors show that the low-frequency shot noise in such structures diverges as the spin relaxation rate for electrons on the dot goes to zero, reaching giant super-Poissonian values for realistic spin-flip rates. It is also shown that combined measurements of the average current and the shot noise as a function of bias voltage and external magnetic field offer a spectroscopic tool for studying electronic spin relaxation rates in this system. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. BI Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gorelik, LY (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM gorelik@fy.chalmers.se; mats.jonson@physics.gu.se RI Jonson, Mats/D-6545-2011 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 192105 DI 10.1063/1.2737421 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400038 ER PT J AU Miller, DC Boyce, BL Gall, K Stoldt, CR AF Miller, David C. Boyce, Brad L. Gall, Ken Stoldt, Conrad R. TI Galvanic corrosion induced degredation of tensile properties in micromachined polycrystalline silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYSILICON; STRENGTH; MEMS AB Immersion of polycrystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid-based solutions is often utilized in microsystem fabrication to liberate mechanical structures. The authors demonstrate, using microfabricated tensile specimens, that such etching can cause a catastrophic reduction in tensile strength and elastic modulus in silicon galvanically coupled to a metallic layer, such as commonly used gold. Galvanically corroded silicon exhibits grain-boundary attack leading to intergranular fracture and/or generalized material removal. The severity of damage and corresponding losses in strength and modulus depend on etch duration and etch chemistry. In contrast, without a metallic layer, uncorroded silicon fails transgranularly and independent of etch duration or chemistry. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Stoldt, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM conrad.stoldt@colorado.edu RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 191902 DI 10.1063/1.2737370 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400023 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ van de Lagemaat, J Rumbles, G Al-Jassim, MM AF Romero, Manuel J. van de lagemaat, Jao Rumbles, Garry Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. TI Plasmon excitations in scanning tunneling microscopy: Simultaneous imaging of modes with different localizations coupled at the tip SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-EMISSION; METAL-SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY AB The authors investigate the localization of photons emitted at the tip during scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on atomically flat gold substrates. Emission patterns of the plasmon-mediated luminescence exhibit distinct features that are assigned to the localized modes of the surface plasmon (LSP) confined to the tunneling gap and propagating modes (PSP) coupled to the LSP by the optical cavity beneath the tip. Tunneling luminescence spectroscopy reveals that the plasmon localization at the tip increases when modes of higher energy are excited. Acquisition of local emission patterns allows us for the simultaneous imaging of LSP and PSP modes. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, MO USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, MO USA. EM manuel_romero@nrel.gov RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 193109 DI 10.1063/1.2737400 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400074 ER PT J AU Ueno, Y Ariga, T Soumagne, G Higashiguchi, T Kubodera, S Pogorelsky, I Pavlishin, I Stolyarov, D Babzien, M Kusche, K Yakimenko, V AF Ueno, Yoshifumi Ariga, Tatsuya Soumagne, George Higashiguchi, Takeshi Kubodera, Shoichi Pogorelsky, Igor Pavlishin, Igor Stolyarov, Daniil Babzien, Marcus Kusche, Karl Yakimenko, Vitaly TI Efficient extreme ultraviolet plasma source generated by a CO2 laser and a liquid xenon microjet target SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PLASMA; X-RAY; EMISSION; LITHOGRAPHY AB We demonstrated efficacy of a CO2-laser-produced xenon plasma in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region at 13.5 nm at variable laser pulse widths between 200 ps and 25 ns. The plasma target was a 30 mu m liquid xenon microjet. To ensure the optimum coupling of CO2 laser energy with the plasma, they applied a prepulse yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The authors measured the conversion efficiency (CE) of the 13.5 nm EUV emission for different pulse widths of the CO2 laser. A maximum CE of 0.6% was obtained for a CO2 laser pulse width of 25 ns at an intensity of 5x10(10) W/cm(2). (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Extreme Ultraviolet Lithog Syst Dev Assoc EUVA, Kanagawa 2548567, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Photon Sci Ctr, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ueno, Y (reprint author), Extreme Ultraviolet Lithog Syst Dev Assoc EUVA, 1200 Manda, Kanagawa 2548567, Japan. EM y.ueno@euva.or.jp; higashi@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 191503 DI 10.1063/1.2738190 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400021 ER PT J AU Wasserman, D Shaner, EA Cederberg, JG AF Wasserman, D. Shaner, E. A. Cederberg, J. G. TI Midinfrared doping-tunable extraordinary transmission from sub-wavelength gratings SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PLASMON; HOLE ARRAYS; APERTURES AB The authors demonstrate doping-tunable extraordinary transmission from subwavelength apertures in a periodic two-dimensional metallic grating deposited upon n-doped GaAs. By varying the doping of the underlying GaAs epilayer, they demonstrate wavelength tunability of similar to 23 cm(-1) or approximately 0.15 mu m. The authors have achieved transmission peaks as narrow as 18 cm(-1) with such gratings, which suggests that devices based on midinfrared extraordinary transmission gratings could be used in external cavity structures for quantum cascade lasers, or as tunable filters or modulators for midinfrared applications. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wasserman, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM eashane@sandia.gov RI Wasserman, Daniel/D-3913-2011 NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 191102 DI 10.1063/1.2737138 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400002 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZX Xiao, K Jin, R Mandrus, D Tao, J Geohegan, DB Pennycook, S AF Zhou, Zhixian Xiao, Kai Jin, R. Mandrus, D. Tao, Jing Geohegan, D. B. Pennycook, Stephen TI One-dimensional electron transport in Cu-tetracyanoquinodimethane organic nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COPPER-TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE; BEHAVIOR; FILMS AB The temperature and bias voltage dependent electrical transport properties of in situ fabricated Cu-tetracyanoquinodimethane organic nanowire devices are investigated. The low bias conductance and current exhibit a power-law dependence on temperature and bias voltage, respectively. The overall behavior of these nanowires can be well described by a theoretical model of nearly independent parallel chains of quantum dots created by randomly distributed defects. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, ZX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouz@ornl.gov RI Xiao, Kai/A-7133-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Xiao, Kai/0000-0002-0402-8276; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 193115 DI 10.1063/1.2738380 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400080 ER PT J AU Sindelar, CV Downing, KH AF Sindelar, Charles V. Downing, Kenneth H. TI The beginning of kinesin's force-generating cycle visualized at 9-A resolution SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOTOR DOMAIN; MICROTUBULES; ATPASE; NCD; CONFORMATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMILARITY; MICROSCOPY AB We have used cryo-electron microscopy of kinesin-decorated microtubules to resolve the structure of the motor protein kinesin's crucial nucleotide response elements, switch I and the switch II helix, in kinesin's poorly understood nucleotide-free state. Both of the switch elements undergo conformational change relative to the microtubule-free state. The changes in switch I suggest a role for it in "ejecting" adenosine diphosphate when kinesin initially binds to the microtubule. The switch II helix has an N-terminal extension, apparently stabilized by conserved microtubule contacts, implying a microtubule activation mechanism that could convey the state of the bound nucleotide to kinesin's putative force-delivering element (the "neck linker"). In deriving this structure, we have adapted an image-processing technique, single-particle reconstruction, for analyzing decorated microtubules. The resulting reconstruction visualizes the asymmetric seam present in native, 13-protofilament microtubules, and this method will provide an avenue to higher-resolution characterization of a variety of microtubule-binding proteins, as well as the microtubule itself. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487, GM46033, P01 GM051487, R01 GM046033] NR 39 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1083/jcb.200612090 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 169GF UT WOS:000246580000002 PM 17470637 ER PT J AU Lee, TG Balakrishnan, N Forrey, RC Stancil, PC Schultz, DR Ferland, GJ AF Lee, Teck-Ghee Balakrishnan, N. Forrey, R. C. Stancil, P. C. Schultz, D. R. Ferland, Gary J. TI Erratum: "State-to-state rotational transitions in H-2+H-2 collisions at low temperatures" [J. Chem. Phys. 125, 114302 (2006)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Penn State Univ, Berks Lehigh Valley Coll, Dept Phys, Reading, PA 19610 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lee, TG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM leetg@ornl.gov RI Lee, Teck Ghee/D-5037-2012; OI Lee, Teck Ghee/0000-0001-9472-3194; Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 17 AR 179901 DI 10.1063/1.2730820 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165DT UT WOS:000246284800043 ER PT J AU Tikhonov, AM AF Tikhonov, Aleksey M. TI Wigner crystals of Na+ ions at the surface of a silica hydrosol SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; INTERFACE; WATER; ATTRACTION; POLYELECTROLYTES; COUNTERIONS; DIFFRACTION; MONOLAYERS; MODEL AB The symmetry of the surface of an electrolyte solution can be anisotropic, regardless of the bulk's isotropic symmetry, because of spatial correlations between adsorbed ions. The author used x-ray grazing-incidence diffraction to measure the spatial correlations between sodium ions in "classical one-component plasma" adsorbed with Bjerrum's density at the surface of a monodispersed 22 nm particle colloidal silica solution stabilized by NaOH with a total bulk concentration similar to 0.05 mol/L. The authors findings show that the surface compact layer is in a two-dimensional crystalline state (symmetry p2), with four sodium ions forming the unit cell and a similar to 30 A translational correlation length between the ions. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tikhonov, AM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tikhonov@bnl.gov RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 17 AR 171102 DI 10.1063/1.2734542 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165DT UT WOS:000246284800002 PM 17492850 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Nimlos, MR Ellison, GB Varner, ME Stanton, JF AF Zhang, Xu Nimlos, Mark R. Ellison, G. Barney Varner, Mychel E. Stanton, John F. TI Vibrational overtone spectrum of matrix isolated cis, cis-HOONO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; PEROXYNITROUS ACID; GAS-PHASE; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; ACTION SPECTROSCOPY; SOLID ARGON; PERTURBATION; KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOLYSIS AB Cis, cis-peroxynitrous acid is known to be an intermediate in atmospheric reactions between OH and NO2 as well as HOO and NO. The infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated cc-HOONO and cc-DOONO in argon have been observed in the range of 500-8000 cm(-1). Besides the seven fundamental vibrational modes that have been assigned earlier for this molecule [Zhang , J. Chem. Phys. 124, 084305 (2006)], more than 50 of the overtone and combination bands have been observed for cc-HOONO and cc-DOONO. Ab initio CCSD(T)/atomic natural orbital anharmonic force field calculations were used to help guide the assignments. Based on this study of the vibrational overtone transitions of cis, cis-HOONO that go as high as 8000 cm(-1) and the earlier paper on the vibrational fundamentals, we conclude that the CCSD(T)/ANO anharmonic frequencies seem to correct to +/- 35 cm(-1). The success of the theoretically predicted anharmonic frequencies {upsilon} in assigning overtone spectra of HOONO up to 8000 cm(-1) suggests that the CCSD(T)/ANO method is producing a reliable potential energy surface for this reactive molecule. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NREL, Ctr Renewable Chem Technol & Mat, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM xu.zhang@jpl.nasa.gov; mark_nimlos@nrel.gov; barney@jila.colorado.edu; mvarner@mail.utexas.edu; jfstanton@mail.utexas.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 17 AR 174308 DI 10.1063/1.2720392 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165DT UT WOS:000246284800016 PM 17492864 ER PT J AU Nimalasuriya, T Curry, JJ Sansonetti, CJ Ridderhof, EJ Shastri, SD Flikweert, AJ Stoffels, WW Haverlag, M van der Mullen, JJAM AF Nimalasuriya, T. Curry, J. J. Sansonetti, C. J. Ridderhof, E. J. Shastri, S. D. Flikweert, A. J. Stoffels, W. W. Haverlag, M. van der Mullen, J. J. A. M. TI X-ray induced fluorescence measurement of segregation in a DyI3-Hg metal-halide lamp SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AXIAL SEGREGATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ARC AB Segregation of elemental Dy in a DyI3 - Hg metal-halide high-intensity discharge lamp has been observed with x-ray induced fluorescence. Significant radial and axial Dy segregation are seen, with the axial segregation characterized by a Fischer parameter value of lambda= 0.215 +/- 0.002 mm(-1). This is within 7% of the value (lambda = 0.20 +/- 0.01 mm(-1)) obtained by Flikweert et al ( 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 073301) based on laser absorption by neutral Dy atoms. Elemental I is seen to exhibit considerably less axial and radial segregation. Some aspects of the observed radial segregation are compatible with a simplified fluid picture describing two main transition regions in the radial coordinate. The first transition occurs in the region where DyI3 molecules are in equilibrium with neutral Dy atoms. The second transition occurs where neutral Dy atoms are in equilibrium with ionized Dy. These measurements are part of a larger study on segregation in metal-halide lamps under a variety of conditions. C1 Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nimalasuriya, T (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM T.Nimalasuriya@tue.nl NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2831 EP 2838 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/9/025 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BX UT WOS:000246568800036 ER PT J AU Shudo, E Yang, J Yoshimura, A Iwasa, Y AF Shudo, Emi Yang, Jin Yoshimura, Akihiko Iwasa, Yoh TI Robustness of the signal transduction system of the mammalian JAK/STAT pathway and dimerization steps SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimerization; JAK/STAT pathway; negative feedback; robust system ID METABOLIC-CONTROL ANALYSIS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; OPTIMAL CHOICE; DEFENSE; PHOSPHORYLATION; AMPLIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITOR; NETWORKS AB In the interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-activated Janus Kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription I (STAT I) pathway, multiple steps of STAT1 dimerization are required prior to gene expression that produce antiviral molecules. By interpreting experimental results, an existing mathematical model suggested that only phosphorylated STAT1 dimers could translocate to the nucleus and activate gene transcription. In this paper, we examine the role of STAT1 dimerization steps by studying the dynamic behaviors of four alternative models. By analyzing several system properties at low input IFN gamma signal including the steady-state antiviral molecule production, to the input, the delay of responses triggered by input, and the parameter sensitivity, we found that the mice JAK/STAT1 system identified by experiments (1) suppresses antiviral molecule production at low input signal, (2) has slow kinetics of antiviral molecule production and (3) has low parameter sensitivity of antiviral molecule production at steady state. We conclude that the observed structure of the JAK/STAT1 pathway is responsible for the robust system behavior. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Med Inst Bioregulat, Div Mol & Cellular Immunol, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. RP Shudo, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM shudo@lanl.gov; jyang@lanl.gov; yakihiko@bioreg.kyushu-u.ac.jp; yiwasscb@mbox.nc.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Iwasa, Yoh/G-5368-2010; Yoshimura, Akihiko/K-5515-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Iwasa, Yoh/0000-0003-0691-1852; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754, P20-RR18754, R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R01 AI028433] NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.11.016 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 167HY UT WOS:000246443600001 PM 17241643 ER PT J AU Jantunen, KC Scott, BL Gordon, JC Kiplinger, JL AF Jantunen, Kimberly C. Scott, Brian L. Gordon, John C. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. TI Reactivity of (C5Me5)Lu(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF) with pyridine ring systems: Synthesis and structural characterization of an eta(2)-(N,C)-pyridyl (mono)pentamethylcyclopentadienyl lutetium(III) complex SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID C-H ACTIVATION; RARE-EARTH-METALS; HYDROGEN BOND ACTIVATION; CYCLOPENTADIENYL LIGAND; INSERTION CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HYDRIDE COMPLEXES; ALKYL; ETA(2)-PYRIDYL; DERIVATIVES AB Reaction of (C5Me5)Lu(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF) with pyridine results in the activation of an ortho C-H bond to form the corresponding eta(2)-(N,C)-pyridyl complex with elimination of SiMe4. This is a rare example of pyridine metalation at a lanthanide metal center in the absence of a bent metallocene framework. The eta(2)-(N,C)-pyridyl coordination mode was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The pyridyl complex adopts a distorted square-pyramid geometry with the C5Me5 unit residing in the apical position and the pyridyl ligand and remaining ligands residing in the basal plane. Isotopic labeling studies suggest that C-H bond activation is consistent with a sigma-bond metathesis mechanism. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2777 EP 2781 DI 10.1021/om0702330 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 161PI UT WOS:000246027300041 ER PT J AU Mohamed, SH Anders, A AF Mohamed, Sodky H. Anders, Andre TI Physical properties of erbium implanted tungsten oxide films deposited by reactive dual magnetron sputtering SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE dual magnetron sputtering; tungsten oxide films; Er ion implantation; electrical resistivity; optical properties ID WO3 THIN-FILMS; RARE-EARTH; WAVE-GUIDES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ION-IMPLANTATION AB Amorphous and partially crystalline WO3 thin films were prepared by reactive dual magnetron sputtering and successively implanted by erbium ions with a fluence in the range from 7.7 x 10(14) to 5 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). The electrical and optical properties were studied as a function of the film deposition parameters and the ion fluence. Ion implantation caused a strong decrease of the resistivity, a moderate decrease of the index of refraction and a moderate increase of the extinction coefficient in the visible and near infrared, while the optical band gap remained almost unchanged. These effects could be largely ascribed to ion-induced oxygen deficiency. When annealed in air, the already low resistivities of the implanted samples decreased further up to 70 degrees C, whereas oxidation, and hence a strong increase of the resistivity, was observed at higher annealing temperatures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sohag Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Sohag 82524, Egypt. RP Mohamed, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abo_95@yahoo.com RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 13 BP 5264 EP 5269 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.179 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 164KR UT WOS:000246233100010 ER PT J AU Kerr, LL Li, XN Canepa, M Sommer, AJ AF Kerr, Lei L. Li, Xiaonan Canepa, Marina Sommer, Andre J. TI Raman analysis of nitrogen doped ZnO SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Raman scattering; p-type; zinc oxide; nitrogen; chemical vapor deposition; thin films ID P-TYPE ZNO; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB The mechanism of nitrogen doping is essential for making p-type ZnO. This paper demonstrates that Raman characterization is a potentially powerful tool to study the mechanism of nitrogen doping. We have observed new Raman features near 280, 510, 570, 642, 773, 1360 and 1565 cm(-1) shift in nitrogen doped ZnO (ZnO:N) thin films compared with undoped ZnO films. Peaks at 280, 510, 570, 642, and 773 cm(-1) are attributed to the nitrogen related defect complex. The Raman peaks at 1360 cm(-1) and 1565 cm(-1) shift are assigned to D-(disordered) and G-(Graphitic) bands associated with the carbon-related defect complex, respectively. The intensity and the intensity ratio of peaks at 1360 cm(-1) and 1565 cm(-1) have been found to be sensitive parameters that reflect the conductivity type of ZnO:N. Explanations are presented which correlate the Raman features to the electric conductivity of the films. From this analysis, we found that at temperature lower than or at 400 degrees C, nitrogen incorporation will form the nitrogen or possible nitrogen carbon related defect complex. As the growth temperature increases to 500 degrees C, the features associated with nitrogen are difficult to distinguish and the features associated to carbon begin to emerge. This observation possibly indicates the decrease of the nitrogen content and the increase of the carbon content in the ZnO:N film. The increase of carbon content may affect the donor behavior of the film. This observation suggests that growth conditions should be controlled to avoid carbon into the film. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Paper & Chem Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Miami Univ, Mol Microcpectroscopy Lab, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Chem & BioChem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Kerr, LL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Paper & Chem Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM kerrll@muohio.edu NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 13 BP 5282 EP 5286 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.186 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 164KR UT WOS:000246233100013 ER PT J AU Morcrette, M Larcher, D Tarascon, JM Edstrom, K Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM AF Morcrette, M. Larcher, D. Tarascon, J. M. Edstrom, K. Vaughey, J. T. Thackeray, M. M. TI Influence of electrode microstructure on the reactivity of Cu2Sb with lithium SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lithium battery electrode; structural evolution; alloys; inter-metallic; solid state electrochemistry ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; INSERTION ELECTRODE; ION BATTERIES; PHASES AB The reactivity of lithium with Cu2Sb was recently described to be governed by displacement reactions of Cu similar to those occurring in Cu2.33V4O11. In order to complement the earlier work of Fransson et al., we have revisited the electrochemical reactivity of Cu2Sb with Li. Through a different arsenal of characterization techniques, we have emphasized the role of the particle size, electrode preparation and temperature on the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction. We have demonstrated that the structural reversibility of the Cu2Sb electrode can be obtained in two special cases: (1) when the particle size of Cu2Sb is small and when the powders are ball milled with carbon and (2) when Li2CuSb is used as the starting material and some Sb is lost from the electrode during charge. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Picardie, CNRS, UMR 6007, Lab React & Chim Solides, F-80039 Amiens, France. Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morcrette, M (reprint author), Univ Picardie, CNRS, UMR 6007, Lab React & Chim Solides, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France. EM mathieu.morcrette@u-picardie.fr RI Tarascon, Jean-Marie/B-5952-2016; OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129; Edstroem, Kristina/0000-0003-4440-2952 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5339 EP 5345 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.083 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 169RL UT WOS:000246609300003 ER PT J AU Kerlau, M Marcinek, M Srinivasan, V Kostecki, RM AF Kerlau, Marie Marcinek, Marek Srinivasan, Venkat Kostecki, Robert M. TI Studies of local degradation phenomena in composite cathodes for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; cathode; degradation; Raman microscopy ID SITU RAMAN MICROSCOPY; LINI0.8CO0.15AL0.05O2 CATHODES; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; COBALT OXIDES; CAPACITY FADE; POWER; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; IMPEDANCE; MECHANISMS AB LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite cathodes were cycled in model cells to study interfacial phenomena that could lead to electrode degradation. Ex situ spectroscopic analysis of the tested cathodes, which suffered substantial power and capacity loss, showed that the state of charge (SOC) of oxide particles on the cathode surface was highly non-uniform despite the deep discharge of the Li-ion cell at the end of the test. The inconsistent kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles was attributed to the degradation of electronic pathways within the composite cathodes. A simple theoretical model based on a distributed network showed that an increase of the contact resistance between composite electrode particles may be responsible for non-uniform local kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles and the overall degradation of electrochemical performance of composite electrodes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 94 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5422 EP 5429 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.085 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 169RL UT WOS:000246609300012 ER PT J AU McGrail, BP Ahmed, S Schaef, HT Owen, AT Martin, PF Zhu, T AF McGrail, B. P. Ahmed, S. Schaef, H. T. Owen, A. T. Martin, P. F. Zhu, T. TI Gas hydrate property measurements in porous sediments with resonant ultrasound spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROCK SAMPLES; FUSED-SILICA; METHANE; MEDIA; EQUILIBRIA; MODES; ICE; STABILITY AB [1] Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was used to characterize a natural geological core sample obtained from the Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate research well at high pressure and subambient temperatures. Using deuterated methane gas to form gas hydrate in the core sample, it was discovered that resonance amplitudes are correlated with the fraction of the pore space occupied by the gas hydrate crystals. A pore water freezing model was developed that utilizes the known pore size distribution and pore water chemistry to predict gas hydrate saturation as a function of pressure and temperature. The model showed good agreement with the experimental measurements and demonstrated that pore water chemistry is the most important factor controlling equilibrium gas hydrate saturations in these sediments when gas hydrates are formed artificially in laboratory pressure vessels. With further development, the resonant ultrasound technique can provide a rapid, nondestructive, field portable means of measuring the equilibrium P-T properties and dissociation kinetics of gas hydrates in porous media, determining gas hydrate saturations, and may provide new insights into the nature of gas hydrate formation mechanisms in geologic materials. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Mat Characterizat Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Petr Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pete.mcgrail@pnl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B5 AR B05202 DI 10.1029/2005JB004084 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165LY UT WOS:000246308200002 ER PT J AU Zink, M Vollmayr, B Gebicke-Haerter, PJ Henn, FA Thome, J AF Zink, Mathias Vollmayr, Barbara Gebicke-Haerter, Peter J. Henn, Fritz A. Thome, Johannes TI Reduced expression of complexins I and II in rats bred for learned helplessness SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal model; complexin; depression; synapse; learned helplessness ID SYNAPTIC PATHOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DEPRESSION; STRESS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD; MICE; ABNORMALITIES; HIPPOCAMPUS; EXOCYTOSIS AB Disturbed synaptic transmission contributes to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Post mortem studies reported reduced expression of the synaptic vesicle protein (SVP) complexins I and II in depression. Antidepressants were found to induce the expression of these genes. Since animals with congenital susceptibility to learned helplessness provide a valid animal model of depression, we investigated the expression of different SVPs in this system by semiquantitative in situ hybridization. Rats bred for congenital learned helpless behavior (cLH, N=6) failed to interrupt foot shock currents by lever pressing (mean 12.3 failures out of 15 trials). These animals showed significantly lower expression of complexins I and II mRNA in hippocampal, limbic and cortical brain areas compared to not helpless animals (cNLH, N=6) with a mean failure rate of 0.83 out of 15 trials. Expression levels of complexins I and II significantly correlated with the failure rate in the test paradigm. In contrast, the expressions of synaptotagmin I and synaptophysin were found unchanged. This investigation provides a further validation of the LH model of depression. The experimental data fit well into current pathogenetic concepts of mood disorders and support the hypothesis, that complexins are pivotal players in the pathophysiology of depression and tentative targets of antidepressants. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11973 USA. Univ Coll Swansea, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. RP Zink, M (reprint author), Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, POB 12 21 20, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. EM mathias.zink@zi-mannheim.de NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 1144 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.066 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 161RT UT WOS:000246034100024 PM 17320830 ER PT J AU Frumberg, DB Fernando, MS Lee, DE Biegon, A Schiffer, WK AF Frumberg, David B. Fernando, Marion S. Lee, Dianne E. Biegon, Anat Schiffer, Wynne K. TI Metabolic and behavioral deficits following a routine surgical procedure in rats SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glucose metabolism; brain injury; behavior; surgery; microdialysis; functional neuroimaging; parametric mapping ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; ONE-TRIAL TEST; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; SPATIAL NORMALIZATION; DYNAMIC CHANGES; MICROPET R4; CELL LOSS; MEMORY; CORTEX AB To test the hypothesis that functional metabolic deficits observed following surgical brain injury are associated with changes in cognitive performance in rodents, we performed serial imaging studies in parallel with behavioral measures in control animals and in animals with surgical implants. Memory function was assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test, administered 3 days prior to and 3, 7, 14 and 56 days after surgery. At each time point, general locomotion was also measured. Metabolic imaging with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F-18]FDG) occurred 28 and 58 days after surgery. Animals with surgical implants performed significantly worse on tests of object recognition, while general locomotion was unaffected by the implant. There was a significant decrease in glucose uptake after surgery in most of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the implant relative to the contralateral hemisphere. At both time points, the most significant metabolic deficits occurred in the primary motor cortex (-25%; p<0.001), sensory cortex (-15%, p<0.001) and frontal cortex (-12%; p<0.001). Ipsilateral areas further from the site of insertion became progressively worse, including the sensory cortex, dorsal striatum and thalamus. These data was supported by a voxel-based analysis of the PET data, which revealed again a unilateral decrease in [F-18]FDG uptake that extended throughout the ipsilateral cortex and persisted for the duration of the 58-day study. Probe implantation in the striatum results in a widespread and long-lasting decline in cortical glucose metabolism together with a persistent, injury-related deficit in the performance of a cognitive (object recognition) task in rats. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wynne@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA015082, DA15082, F31 DA015874, F31 DA015874-02] NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 1144 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.134 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 161RT UT WOS:000246034100025 PM 17346680 ER PT J AU Robinson, BA Wolfsberg, AV Viswanathan, HS Reimus, PW AF Robinson, Bruce A. Wolfsberg, Andrew V. Viswanathan, Hari S. Reimus, Paul W. TI A colloid-facilitated transport model with variable colloid transport properties SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; SHALLOW AQUIFER; PLUTONIUM; RADIONUCLIDES; GROUNDWATER; MIGRATION; MOBILE AB Anomalous contaminant transport velocities in groundwater for species generally considered to be immobile are often attributed to the mechanism of colloid-facilitated transport. In some of the field observations attributed to colloid facilitation, an extremely small fraction of the total contaminant mass introduced to the groundwater is detected downstream. In this study, a new model of colloid-facilitated contaminant transport is proposed that explains this phenomenon as the variability of mobility of individual colloids in the population. The process of retardation via attachment and detachment of colloids on immobile surfaces is often modeled with time and space invariant parameters; here it is modeled assuming a diverse population of transport properties that account for the inherent variability of colloid size, surface charge and chemical properties, mineralogy, and the concomitant impact on colloid mobility. When the contaminant is assumed to irreversibly attach to or form colloids, the migration of the contaminant plume exhibits extremely non-Fickian behavior. The plume's center of mass travels with a velocity governed by the groundwater velocity divided by the mean colloid retardation factor. However, small quantities of contaminant attached to a few highly mobile colloids travel at velocities up to the groundwater velocity, far exceeding the velocity of the centroid of the plume. This paper introduces the colloid diversity model, presents some sensitivity calculations for an idealized case, and discusses the implications of such a model on data needs, simulation of field observations, and model scaling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Yucca Mt Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nevada Test Site Environm Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robinson, BA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Yucca Mt Program, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM robinson@lanl.gov RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 AR L09401 DI 10.1029/2007GL029625 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 165LD UT WOS:000246306100004 ER PT J AU Voss, LF Henson, BF Robinson, JM AF Voss, L. F. Henson, B. F. Robinson, J. M. TI Methane thermodynamics in nanoporous ice: A new methane reservoir on Titan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; ABUNDANCES; DENSITY; LIQUID; INDEX AB [1] A porous, icy regolith has been proposed to house a methane/ethane/nitrogen liquid reservoir on Titan. The thermodynamics of such a mesoporous reservoir with a pore diameter fixed at 2 mm are equivalent to the previously proposed surface ocean. This work shows that if such a porous hydrocarbon/ nitrogen reservoir contains a significant volume within pores of nanometer dimension, then the modification of methane thermodynamics through the Kelvin effect significantly changes the reservoir-atmosphere interaction on Titan. We measure the capillary uptake of pure methane liquid into well-characterized ice grown at temperatures and partial pressures simulating Titan at present. From these results, a model of a nanoporous reservoir housing the methane/ethane/nitrogen solution is constructed. Modifying a previously published analytical climate model for Titan to incorporate such a reservoir, we report calculations of the coupled reservoir- atmosphere system. This modification leads to a very sensitive dependence of the state of the atmosphere on the total reservoir volume. In particular, assuming a nanoporous volume distribution reported here, calculations show that such a reservoir must comprise at least 1.5% of a 10 km deep ice regolith in order to yield a climate consistent with that currently observed on Titan. In contrast to the mesoporous model, it reduces the sensitivity of the system to temperature, mitigating the runaway greenhouse effect observed in the previous model. Furthermore, the model indicates that in a past epoch a surface ocean subsided into the reservoir as the total surface liquid volume reduced with time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voss, LF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM henson@lanl.gov OI Robinson, Jeanne/0000-0002-4251-7169 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E5 AR E05002 DI 10.1029/2006JE002768 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165LU UT WOS:000246307800002 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Feligioni, L 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Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vetterli, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. 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Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Evidence for production of single top quarks and first direct measurement of vertical bar V-tb vertical bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOOSTED DECISION TREES; NEURAL-NETWORKS; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; SEARCH; COLLISIONS; COLLIDER; DETECTOR; EVENTS; BOSON AB The D0 Collaboration presents first evidence for the production of single top quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron < p(p)over bar > collider. Using a 0.9 fb(-1) dataset, we apply a multivariate analysis to separate signal from background and measure sigma(< p(p)over bar >-> tb+X,tqb+X)=4.9 +/- 1.4 pb. The probability to measure a cross section at this value or higher in the absence of a signal is 0.035%, corresponding to a 3.4 standard deviation significance. We use the cross section measurement to directly determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element that describes the Wtb coupling and find 0.68 a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(-/+) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; B-DECAYS; FACTORIES AB We present measurements of CP-violating asymmetries in the decay B-0 -> a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(-/+) with a(1)(+/-)(1260)->pi(-/+)pi(+/-)pi(+/-). The data sample corresponds to 384x10(6) B(b) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory at SLAC. We measure the CP-violating asymmetry A(CP)(a1 pi)=-0.07 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.02, the mixing-induced CP violation parameter S-a1 pi=0.37 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.07, the direct CP violation parameter C-a1 pi=-0.10 +/- 0.15 +/- 0.09, and the parameters Delta C-a1 pi=0.26 +/- 0.15 +/- 0.07 and Delta S-a1 pi=-0.14 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.06. From these measured quantities we determine the angle alpha(eff)=78.6 degrees +/- 7.3 degrees. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 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Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3,CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009 OI Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 181803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.181803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200018 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Chen, S Ren, ZF Wang, Z Kempa, K Naughton, MJ Chen, G Dresselhaus, MS AF Huang, J. Y. Chen, S. Ren, Z. F. Wang, Z. Kempa, K. Naughton, M. J. Chen, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. TI Enhanced ductile behavior of tensile-elongated individual double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes at high temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; FLEXIBILITY; CREEP; ROPES AB We report exceptional ductile behavior in individual double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes at temperatures above 2000 degrees C, with tensile elongation of 190% and diameter reduction of 90%, during in situ tensile-loading experiments conducted inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Concurrent atomic-scale microstructure observations reveal that the superelongation is attributed to a high temperature creep deformation mechanism mediated by atom or vacancy diffusion, dislocation climb, and kink motion at high temperatures. The superelongation in double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes, the creep deformation mechanism, and dislocation climb in carbon nanotubes are reported here for the first time. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM jhuang@sandia.gov RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Chen, Shuo/H-2491-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Shuo/0000-0002-7145-1269; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 185501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.185501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200038 PM 17501582 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Arrington, J Benmokhtar, F Camsonne, A Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Cusanno, F Deur, A Dutta, D Garibaldi, F Gaskell, D Gayou, O Gilman, R Glashauser, C Hamilton, D Hansen, O Higinbotham, DW Holt, RJ De Jager, CW Jones, MK Kaufman, LJ Kinney, ER Kramer, K Lagamba, L De Leo, R Lerose, J Lhuillier, D Lindgren, R Liyanage, N McCormick, K Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Monaghan, P Nanda, S Paschke, KD Perdrisat, CF Punjabi, V Qattan, IA Ransome, RD Reimer, PE Reitz, B Saha, A Schulte, EC Sheyor, R Slifer, K Solvignon, P Sulkosky, V Urciuoli, GM Voutier, E Wang, K Wijesooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, B Zhu, L AF Jiang, X. Arrington, J. Benmokhtar, F. Camsonne, A. Chen, J. P. Choi, S. Chudakov, E. Cusanno, F. Deur, A. Dutta, D. Garibaldi, F. Gaskell, D. Gayou, O. Gilman, R. Glashauser, C. Hamilton, D. Hansen, O. Higinbotham, D. W. Holt, R. J. De Jager, C. W. Jones, M. K. Kaufman, L. J. Kinney, E. R. Kramer, K. Lagamba, L. De Leo, R. Lerose, J. Lhuillier, D. Lindgren, R. Liyanage, N. McCormick, K. Meziani, Z.-E. Michaels, R. Moffit, B. Monaghan, P. Nanda, S. Paschke, K. D. Perdrisat, C. F. Punjabi, V. Qattan, I. A. Ransome, R. D. Reimer, P. E. Reitz, B. Saha, A. Schulte, E. C. Sheyor, R. Slifer, K. Solvignon, P. Sulkosky, V. Urciuoli, G. M. Voutier, E. Wang, K. Wijesooriya, K. Wojtsekhowski, B. Zhu, L. TI Recoil-proton polarization in high-energy deuteron photodisintegration with circularly polarized photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLUON STRINGS MODEL; C ANALYZING POWER; CROSS-SECTION; 2-BODY PHOTODISINTEGRATION; POLARIMETER POMME; DISINTEGRATION; OBSERVABLES; SCATTERING; ELECTRON; QCD AB We measured the angular dependence of the three recoil-proton polarization components in two-body photodisintegration of the deuteron at a photon energy of 2 GeV. These new data provide a benchmark for calculations based on quantum chromodynamics. Two of the five existing models have made predictions of polarization observables. Both explain the longitudinal polarization transfer satisfactorily. Transverse polarizations are not well described, but suggest isovector dominance. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Fis Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Baril, I-70126 Bari, Italy. DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Inst Nucl Sci, Grenoble, France. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Qattan, Issam/0000-0001-5079-9840; Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 182302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.182302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200022 PM 17501566 ER PT J AU Liu, H Rajagopal, K Wiedemann, UA AF Liu, Hong Rajagopal, Krishna Wiedemann, Urs Achim TI Anti-de Sitter/Conformal-Field-Theory calculation of screening in a hot wind SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N GAUGE-THEORY; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; SITTER SUPERGRAVITY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; WILSON LOOPS; COLLISIONS; DISSOCIATION AB One of the challenges in relating experimental measurements of the suppression in the number of J/psi mesons produced in heavy ion collisions to lattice QCD calculations is that whereas the lattice calculations treat J/psi mesons at rest, in a heavy ion collision a c(c) over bar pair can have a significant velocity with respect to the hot fluid produced in the collision. The putative J/psi finds itself in a hot wind. We present the first rigorous nonperturbative calculation of the consequences of a wind velocity v on the screening length L-s for a heavy quark-antiquark pair in hot N=4 supersymmetric QCD. We find L-s(v,T)=f(v)[1-v(2)](1/4)/pi T with f(v) only mildly dependent on v and the wind direction. This L-s(v,T)similar to L-s(0,T)/root gamma velocity scaling, if realized in QCD, provides a significant additional source of J/psi suppression at transverse momenta which are high but within experimental reach. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Liu, H (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 37 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 182301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.182301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200021 PM 17501565 ER PT J AU Meier, G Bolte, M Eiselt, R Kruger, B Kim, DH Fischer, P AF Meier, Guido Bolte, Markus Eiselt, Rene Krueger, Benjamin Kim, Dong-Hyun Fischer, Peter TI Direct imaging of stochastic domain-wall motion driven by nanosecond current pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB Magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy is used to directly visualize the influence of a spin-polarized current on domain walls in curved permalloy wires. Pulses of nanosecond duration and of high current density up to 1.0x10(12) A/m(2) are used to move and to deform the domain wall. The current pulse drives the wall either undisturbed, i.e., as composite particle through the wire, or causes structural changes of the magnetization. Repetitive pulse measurements reveal the stochastic nature of current-induced domain-wall motion. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Mikrostrukturforsch, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 1, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Inst Basic Res, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meier, G (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, Jungiusstr 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. EM meier@physnet.uni-hamburg.de RI Bolte, Markus/A-6083-2009; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Krueger, Benjamin/B-7466-2009; Kim, Dong-Hyun/F-7195-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Krueger, Benjamin/0000-0001-8502-368X; NR 29 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 187202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.187202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200060 PM 17501604 ER PT J AU Narayanan, S Lee, DR Hagman, A Li, XF Wang, J AF Narayanan, Suresh Lee, Dong Ryeol Hagman, Aleta Li, Xuefa Wang, Jin TI Particle dynamics in polymer-metal nanocomposite thin films on nanometer-length scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHOTON-CORRELATION; SURFACES; LIGHT; GELS AB X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy was used in conjunction with resonance-enhanced grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering to probe slow particle dynamics and kinetics in gold/polystyrene nanocomposite thin films. Such enhanced coherent scattering enables, for the first time, measurement of the particle dynamics at wave vectors up to similar to 1 nm(-1) (or a few nanometers spatially) in a disordered system, well in the regime where entanglement, confinement, and particle interaction dominate the dynamics and kinetics. Measurements of the intermediate structure factor f(q,t) indicate that the particle dynamics differ from Stokes-Einstein Brownian motion and are explained in terms of viscoelastic effects and interparticle interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sureshn@aps.anl.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 185506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.185506 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200043 PM 17501587 ER PT J AU Ohldag, H Tyliszczak, T Hohne, R Spemann, D Esquinazi, P Ungureanu, M Butz, T AF Ohldag, H. Tyliszczak, T. Hoehne, R. Spemann, D. Esquinazi, P. Ungureanu, M. Butz, T. TI pi-Electron ferromagnetism in metal-free carbon probed by soft x-ray dichroism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE; MAGNETIZATION; TEMPERATURE; NANOTUBES AB Elemental carbon represents a fundamental building block of matter and the possibility of ferromagnetic order in carbon has attracted widespread attention. However, the origin of magnetic order in such a light element is only poorly understood and has puzzled researchers. We present a spectromicroscopy study at room temperature of proton irradiated metal-free carbon using the elemental and chemical specificity of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We demonstrate that the magnetic order in the investigated system originates only from the carbon pi-electron system. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Leipzig, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RP Ohldag, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hohldag@stanford.edu RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014; OI Esquinazi, Pablo/0000-0003-0649-1472 NR 19 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 187204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.187204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200062 PM 17501606 ER PT J AU Rachek, IA Barkov, LM Belostotsky, SL Dmitriev, VF Dyug, MV Gilman, R Holt, RJ Lazarenko, BA Mishnev, SI Nelyubin, VV Nikolenko, DM Osipov, AV Potterveld, DH Sadykov, RS Shestakov, YV Stibunov, VN Toporkov, DK De Vries, H Zevakov, SA AF Rachek, I. A. Barkov, L. M. Belostotsky, S. L. Dmitriev, V. F. Dyug, M. V. Gilman, R. Holt, R. J. Lazarenko, B. A. Mishnev, S. I. Nelyubin, V. V. Nikolenko, D. M. Osipov, A. V. Potterveld, D. H. Sadykov, R. Sh. Shestakov, Yu. V. Stibunov, V. N. Toporkov, D. K. De Vries, H. Zevakov, S. A. TI Measurement of tensor analyzing powers in deuteron photodisintegration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED DEUTERON; TARGET AB A new accurate measurement of the tensor analyzing powers T-20, T-21, and T-22 in deuteron photodisintegration has been performed. Wide-aperture nonmagnetic detectors allowed broad kinematic coverage in a single set up: E-gamma=25 to 600 MeV, and theta(cm)(p)=24 degrees to 48 degrees and 70 degrees to 102 degrees. The new data provide a significant improvement over the few existing measurements. The angular dependency of the tensor asymmetries in deuteron photodisintegration is extracted for the first time. C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. St Petersburg Inst Nucl Phys, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Tomsk 634050, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Rachek, IA (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Dmitriev, Vladimir/G-3213-2013 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 182303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.182303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200023 PM 17501567 ER PT J AU Turitsyn, K Chertkov, M Chernyak, VY Puliafito, A AF Turitsyn, K. Chertkov, M. Chernyak, V. Y. Puliafito, A. TI Statistics of entropy production in linearized stochastic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; FLUCTUATION THEOREM; POWER FLUCTUATIONS; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; STEADY-STATES; DYNAMICS; FLOW; TRANSITIONS; TURBULENCE; EQUALITY AB We consider a wide class of linear stochastic problems driven off the equilibrium by a multiplicative asymmetric force. The force breaks detailed balance, maintained otherwise, thus producing entropy. The large deviation function of the entropy production in the system is calculated explicitly. The general result is illustrated using an example of a polymer immersed in a gradient flow and subject to thermal fluctuations. C1 LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. INLN, F-06560 Valbonne, France. RP Turitsyn, K (reprint author), LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Kosygina 2, Moscow 119334, Russia. RI Turitsyn, Konstantin/K-5978-2012; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Turitsyn, Konstantin/0000-0002-7997-8962; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 180603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.180603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200010 PM 17501554 ER PT J AU Zolotorev, M Commins, ED Sannibale, F AF Zolotorev, M. Commins, E. D. Sannibale, F. TI Proposal for a quantum-degenerate electron source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM AB We propose a pulsed electron source capable of 6D brightness orders-of-magnitude greater than that of existing sources. It could deliver average current up to 0.5 pA and achieve an emittance approaching the quantum limit in each spatial dimension. It could be employed to advantage in electron microscopy, inverse photo-emission, precision low-energy scattering experiments, and electron holography. This source could make possible pump-probe experiments with Angstrom spatial and subpicosecond time resolution. Here, we present the basic concepts of the source, including a generalized expression for the brightness that can be used in the quantum limited case and the analysis of the main issues that must be addressed for successful construction and operation. We have begun an experiment to demonstrate its essential features. C1 Ernst Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zolotorev, M (reprint author), Ernst Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 AR 184801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.184801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 164CM UT WOS:000246210200037 PM 17501581 ER PT J AU Arrowsmith, SJ Drob, DP Hedlin, MAH Edwards, W AF Arrowsmith, Stephen J. Drob, Douglas P. Hedlin, Michael A. H. Edwards, Wayne TI A joint seismic and acoustic study of the Washington State bolide: Observations and modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVE; ATMOSPHERE; INFRASOUND; METEOR; FIREBALLS; MIDDLE; ARRAY AB On 3 June 2004, a bolide was observed over British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In addition to eyewitness accounts, the event was recorded on videotape and at similar to 100 seismometers located in Washington State and southern British Columbia. Seismic records are consistent with a terminal burst rather than the hypersonic shock of the meteors passage through the atmosphere. Arrival times from seismic waveform data are used to obtain an accurate source location for this terminal burst. The source location can effectively be considered to be ground-truth for assessing current atmospheric models and infrasound propagation algorithms. We observe clear infrasonic signals associated with the terminal burst of the fireball at infrasound stations I56US and I57US in Washington State and California, respectively. At I56US we observe at least four distinct acoustic arrivals, for which we are able to model three using a state-of-the-art atmospheric model ( the Ground-to-Space (G2S) model) and both ray-tracing and parabolic equation propagation algorithms. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which a complex sequence of arrival packets at an individual station has been successfully modeled by range-dependent ducting and specular reflection off terrain gradients. At I57US a single coherent acoustic signal was observed, which we are unable to satisfactorily model. This could be due to errors in the specification of the background atmosphere, incorrect assumptions and approximations inherent to the acoustic propagation algorithms, and the greater range of propagation, which amplifies the effect of errors in source location and the atmospheric specifications. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Arrowsmith, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-2,POB 1663,MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sarrowsmith@gmail.com RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D9 AR D09304 DI 10.1029/2006JD008001 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165LI UT WOS:000246306600007 ER PT J AU Strasser, D Goulay, F Kelkar, MS Maginn, EJ Leone, SR AF Strasser, Daniel Goulay, Fabien Kelkar, Manish S. Maginn, Edward J. Leone, Stephen R. TI Photoelectron spectrum of isolated ion-pairs in ionic liquid vapor SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLAR-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; VAPORIZATION; SURFACE; FIELD; CO2 AB The gas-phase valence binding energy spectrum of isolated ion-pairs of the commonly used [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium][bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)] room-temperature ionic liquid is obtained by photoionization of a molecular beam of ionic liquid vapor by extreme ultraviolet light. The isolated ion-pair nature of the ionic liquid vapor is corroborated by single photon ionization mass spectroscopy, complemented by computed vaporization energetics of ion-pairs and clusters of ion-pairs. The valence binding energy spectrum of the isolated ion-pairs is discussed in comparison with available liquid-phase data and theoretical density functional theory calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Strasser, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 3191 EP 3195 DI 10.1021/jp0713231 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 160PL UT WOS:000245954700001 PM 17411023 ER PT J AU Aziz, EF Eisebitt, S de Groot, F Chiou, JW Dong, CG Guo, JH Eberhardt, W AF Aziz, Emad F. Eisebitt, Stefan de Groot, Frank Chiou, Jau W. Dong, Chungi Guo, Jinghua Eberhardt, Wolfgang TI Direct contact versus solvent-shared ion pairs in NiCl2 electrolytes monitored by multiplet effects at Ni(II) L edge X-ray absorption SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SOLVATION STRUCTURE; CE COMPOUNDS; PHOTOEMISSION; HYDRATION; WATER; ND2LI1/2NI1/2O4 AB We investigate the local electronic structure in aqueous NiCl2 electrolytes by Ni L edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The experimental findings are interpreted in conjunction with multiplet calculations of the electronic structure and the resulting spectral shape. In contrast to the situation in the solid, the electronic structure in the electrolyte reflects the absence of direct contact Ni-Cl ion pairs. We observe a systematic change of the intensity ratio of singlet- and triplet-related spectral features as a function of electrolyte concentration. These changes can be described theoretically by a change in the weight of transition matrix contributions with different symmetries. We interpret these findings as being due to progressive distortions of the local symmetry induced by solvent-shared ion pairs. C1 BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Utrecht, Netherlands. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aziz, EF (reprint author), BESSY, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Emad.Aziz@bessy.de RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Aziz, Emad/A-4463-2017 OI Aziz, Emad/0000-0003-1794-4350 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 4440 EP 4445 DI 10.1021/jp070085r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 160PM UT WOS:000245954800021 PM 17428088 ER PT J AU Leung, K Nielsen, IMB Kurtz, I AF Leung, Kevin Nielsen, Ida M. B. Kurtz, Ira TI Ab Initio molecular dynamics study of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate hydration and the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide on CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-PHASE; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; WATER; ENERGY; KINETICS; APPROXIMATION AB We apply ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to study the hydration structures of the carbon dioxide molecule and the bicarbonate and carbonate anions in liquid water. We also compute the free energy change associated with the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxide ion on carbon dioxide. CO2 behaves like a hydrophobic species and exhibits weak interactions with water molecules. The bicarbonate and carbonate ions are strongly hydrated and coordinate to an average of 6.9 and 8.7 water molecules, respectively. The energetics for the reaction in the gas phase are investigated using density functional theory and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) in conjunction with high-quality basis sets. Using umbrella sampling techniques, we compute the standard state, aqueous phase free energy difference associated with the reaction CO2 + OH- -> HCO3- after correcting AIMD energies with MP2 results. Our predictions are in good agreement with experiments. The hydration structures along the reaction coordinate, which give rise to a predicted 9.7 kcal/mol standard state free energy barrier, are further analyzed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Nephrol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Leung, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kleung@sandia.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK63125, DK58563, DK07789] NR 61 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 4453 EP 4459 DI 10.1021/jp068475l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 160PM UT WOS:000245954800023 PM 17408252 ER PT J AU Franceschetti, A Troparevsky, MC AF Franceschetti, A. Troparevsky, M. C. TI Radiative recombination of triexcitons in CdSe colloidal quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITON AB Recent experimental observations of multiexciton recombination in colloidal CdSe quantum dots have revealed a high-energy emission band that has been attributed to the radiative recombination of a p-like electron with a p-like hole in a triexciton complex (three holes + three electrons). The reason for the occupation of p-like hole states in the triexciton, however, has remained elusive. Using atomistic pseudopotential calculations, we show here that p-like hole states are populated even at low temperature because of the relatively small Coulomb repulsion between s-like and p-like hole states, which leads to a non-Aufbau occupation sequence of the hole levels. We also show that the observed temperature dependence of the p-p emission band originates from the dark-bright splitting of the triexciton ground state. Our results provide a consistent explanation of the physical origin of the triexciton emission lines in CdSe quantum dots. C1 Natl Renewable Engn Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Franceschetti, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Engn Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Alberto_Franceschetti@nrel.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6154 EP 6157 DI 10.1021/jp070223c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900002 ER PT J AU Borodko, Y Humphrey, SM Tilley, TD Frei, H Somorjai, GA AF Borodko, Yuri Humphrey, Simon M. Tilley, T. Don Frei, Heinz Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Charge-transfer interaction of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with platinum and rhodium nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; POLYOL PROCESS; SURFACE; POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE); PARTICLES; WATER; SHAPE; TIO2 AB The vibrational spectra of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles (2.4-7 nm) capped with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were investigated by deep UV-Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Raman spectra of PVP/Pt and PVP/Rh showed selective enhancement of CO, C-N, and CH2 vibrational modes of the pyrrolidone ring as a result of donor-acceptor interactions between polymer functional groups and surface metal atoms. This was observed in the UV-Raman spectra of PVP-capped metal nanoparticles by in-situ measurements in both reduced and oxidized states. Charge-transfer interactions between the polymer donor groups and surface Pt atoms in the first layer of the PVP/Pt system changed reversibly as a function of metal oxidation state (Pt(II) and Pt(0)), induced by heating under a flow of H-2 or O-2. In contrast, the UV-Raman spectra of PVP/Rh were not reversible upon heating at 150 degrees C in an atmosphere of O-2, H-2/N-2, or N-2; in this case, fragments of thermal decomposition of PVP on Rh were detected. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that UV-Raman spectroscopy (244 nm) is a highly sensitive tool to study the effect of surface oxide layers on chemically enhanced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In the case of PVP/Al, a nonreducible oxide layer of Al2O3 blocked the involvement of conducting electrons from making bonding interactions with pyrrolidone rings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, 1 Cycltron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6288 EP 6295 DI 10.1021/jp068742n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900022 ER PT J AU Chou, TP Zhang, QF Russo, B Fryxell, GE Cao, GZ AF Chou, Tammy P. Zhang, Qifeng Russo, Bryan Fryxell, Glen E. Cao, Guozhong TI Titania particle size effect on the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; CONVERSION; PHOTOVOLTAICS; ELECTRICITY; ELECTRODES; EFFICIENCY; SUNLIGHT; LIGHT AB In this paper, we report the solar cell performance of titania (TiO2) film electrodes with various particle sizes. It was found that the TiO2 nanoparticle film with smaller particles similar to 10 nm in diameter resulted in a lower overall light conversion efficiency of similar to 1.4% with an open-circuit voltage of similar to 730 mV, a short-circuit current density of similar to 3.6 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of similar to 54%. Larger particles similar to 23 nm in diameter resulted in a higher efficiency similar to 5.2% with an open-circuit voltage of similar to 730 mV, a short-circuit current density of similar to 12.2 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of similar to 58%. Although it was anticipated that particles with smaller diameters would adsorb more dye because of their larger surface area, it was found that particles with larger diameters had better dye adsorption for increased electron-hole generation, resulting in higher short-circuit current density and overall light conversion efficiency. Larger particles were shown to have better dye adsorption, indicating that films consisting of larger particles had greater effective surface area for greater photon absorption and electron-hole generation. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, IIC, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cao, GZ (reprint author), Univ Washington, 302 Roberts Hall,box 352120, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gzcao@u.washington.edu RI Cao, Guozhong/E-4799-2011; Zhang, Qifeng/D-2498-2012 NR 24 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6296 EP 6302 DI 10.1021/jp068939f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900023 ER PT J AU Piela, P Springer, TE Davey, J Zelenay, P AF Piela, Piotr Springer, Thomas E. Davey, John Zelenay, Piotr TI Direct measurement of iR-Free individual-electrode overpotentials in polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PLACEMENT AB A method of measuring error-free potentials of individual electrodes directly in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell and under a full range of load is introduced. Successful measurement is accomplished by placing a reference electrode in ionic contact with the active layer of a fuel cell electrode of interest, that is, away from the electrolyte membrane. Half-cell measurements with the proposed reference electrode configuration are compared with measurements in two other fuel-cell reference electrode arrangements to illustrate the conditions necessary for directly achieving correct measurement of potentials (overpotentials). Functioning of the fuel cell reference electrodes is explained through modeling of electrical potential and reactant distribution in the working fuel cell. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zelenay, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys, MS D429,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zelenay@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6512 EP 6523 DI 10.1021/jp067669y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900054 ER PT J AU Malikova, N Loong, CK Zanotti, JM Fernandez-Alonso, F AF Malikova, N. Loong, C.-K. Zanotti, J.-M. Fernandez-Alonso, F. TI Proton-containing yttrium-doped barium cerate: A simultaneous structural and dynamic study by neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITE; MOBILITY; OXIDES; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; BACEO3; WATER AB The structural response to proton incorporation in a yttrium-doped barium cerate (BCY), a perovskite exhibiting high protonic and low oxide ion conductivity, and the proton motion therein are investigated in situ as a function of temperature and surrounding atmosphere (flow of moist or dry air). Undoped barium cerate (BC) is taken as a nonproton-conducting reference. Using simultaneous neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering measurements, we determine and correlate the phase transitions in the BCY lattice, the hydrogen content, and the relative mean square displacement (MSD) of hydrogen atoms over the temperature range of 150-900 degrees C. Presence of OH groups in the BCY system affects the temperature of the high-temperature rhombohedral-cubic phase transition. Uptake of hydrogen occurs from room temperature up to 500-600 degrees C, beyond which the system dehydrates. Onset of dehydration is observed before the rhombohedral-cubic phase transition at 700 degrees C. The relative MSD follows the trend of hydrogen content, peaking also at 500-600 degrees C. Decrease in MSD over a large range of temperatures (500-800 degrees C) suggests a corresponding significant variation of the bonding strengths between the hydrogen atoms and the lattice. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Malikova, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM malikova@anl.gov RI Fernandez-Alonso, Felix/C-2505-2008; Zanotti, Jean-Marc/C-3188-2008 OI Zanotti, Jean-Marc/0000-0001-6474-3944 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6574 EP 6580 DI 10.1021/jp070395+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900063 ER PT J AU Shpyrko, OG Isaacs, ED Logan, JM Feng, YJ Aeppli, G Jaramillo, R Kim, HC Rosenbaum, TF Zschack, P Sprung, M Narayanan, S Sandy, AR AF Shpyrko, O. G. Isaacs, E. D. Logan, J. M. Feng, Yejun Aeppli, G. Jaramillo, R. Kim, H. C. Rosenbaum, T. F. Zschack, P. Sprung, M. Narayanan, S. Sandy, A. R. TI Direct measurement of antiferromagnetic domain fluctuations SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; CHARGE-DENSITY; CHROMIUM; NOISE; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION AB Measurements of magnetic noise emanating from ferromagnets owing to domain motion were first carried out nearly 100 years ago(1), and have underpinned much science and technology(2,3). Antiferromagnets, which carry no net external magnetic dipole moment, yet have a periodic arrangement of the electron spins extending over macroscopic distances, should also display magnetic noise. However, this must be sampled at spatial wavelengths of the order of several interatomic spacings, rather than the macroscopic scales characteristic of ferromagnets. Here we present a direct measurement of the fluctuations in the nanometre-scale superstructure of spin- and charge-density waves associated with antiferromagnetism in elemental chromium. The technique used is X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, where coherent X-ray diffraction produces a speckle pattern that serves as a 'fingerprint' of a particular magnetic domain configuration. The temporal evolution of the patterns corresponds to domain walls advancing and retreating over micrometre distances. This work demonstrates a useful measurement tool for antiferromagnetic domain wall engineering, but also reveals a fundamental finding about spin dynamics in the simplest antiferromagnet: although the domain wall motion is thermally activated at temperatures above 100 K, it is not so at lower temperatures, and indeed has a rate that saturates at a finite value - consistent with quantum fluctuations - on cooling below 40 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Shpyrko, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oshpyrko@anl.gov RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012; Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009; OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X; , /0000-0003-3116-6719; Logan, Jonathan/0000-0003-2554-9457 NR 29 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7140 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1038/nature05776 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 163GY UT WOS:000246149300044 PM 17476263 ER PT J AU Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Castromonte, C Machado, AA Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP Frisullo, V O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Stenson, K Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Pegna, DL Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Gobel, C Otalora, J Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Luiggi, E Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, J. M. Yager, P. M. Anjos, J. C. Bediaga, I. Castromonte, C. Machado, A. A. Magnin, J. Massafferri, A. de Miranda, J. M. Pepe, I. M. Polycarpo, E. dos Reis, A. C. Carrillo, S. Casimiro, E. Cuautle, E. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Uribe, C. Vazquez, F. Agostino, L. Cinquini, L. Cumalat, J. P. Frisullo, V. O'Reilly, B. Segoni, I. Stenson, K. Butler, J. N. Cheung, H. W. K. Chiodini, G. Gaines, I. Garbincius, P. H. Garren, L. A. Gottschalk, E. Kasper, P. H. Kreymer, A. E. Kutschke, R. Wang, M. Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Fabbri, F. L. Zallo, A. Reyes, M. Cawlfield, C. Kim, D. Y. Rahimi, A. Wiss, J. Gardner, R. Kryemadhi, A. Chung, Y. S. Kang, J. S. Ko, B. R. Kwak, J. W. Lee, K. B. Cho, K. Park, H. Alimonti, G. Barberis, S. Boschini, M. Cerutti, A. D'Angelo, P. DiCorato, M. Dini, P. Edera, L. Erba, S. Inzani, P. Leveraro, F. Malvezzi, S. Menasce, D. Mezzadri, M. Moroni, L. Pedrini, D. Pontoglio, C. Prelz, F. Rovere, M. Sala, S. Davenport, T. F., III Arena, V. Boca, G. Bonomi, G. Gianini, G. Liguori, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Merlo, M. M. Pantea, D. Ratti, S. P. Riccardi, C. Vitulo, P. Goebel, C. Otalora, J. Hernandez, H. Lopez, A. M. Mendez, H. Paris, A. Quinones, J. Ramirez, J. E. Zhang, Y. Wilson, J. R. Handler, T. Mitchell, R. Engh, D. Hosack, M. Johns, W. E. Luiggi, E. Nehring, M. Sheldon, P. D. Vaandering, E. W. Webster, M. Sheaff, M. CA FOCUS Collaboration TI A non-parametric approach to measuring the K-pi(+) amplitudes in D+ -> K-K+pi(+) decay SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FOCUS SPECTROMETER AB Using a large sample of D+ -> K-K+pi(+) decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present the first non-parametric analysis of the K-pi(+) amplitudes in D+ -> K-K+pi(+) decay. The technique is similar to the technique used for our non-parametric measurements of the D+ -> (K) over bar*(0)e(+)nu form factors. Although these results are in rough agreement with those of E687, we observe a wider S-wave contribution for the (K) over bar (0)*0(1430) contribution than the PDG [W-M. Yao, et al., J. Phys. G 33 (2006) 1], world average mass and width. We have some weaker evidence for the existence of a new, D-wave component at low values of the K-pi(+) mass. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wiss, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jew@uiuc.edu RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Castromonte Flores, Cesar Manuel/O-6177-2014; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Castromonte Flores, Cesar Manuel/0000-0002-9559-3704; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Boschini, Matteo Jeroen/0000-0002-6401-0457 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 648 IS 2-3 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.010 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 165UY UT WOS:000246332600008 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, Z Amarian, M Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetisyan, E Bacchetta, A Bailey, P Belostotski, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capiluppi, M Capitani, GP Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF Deconinck, W De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Diefenthaler, M Di Nezza, P Dreschler, J Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Funel, A Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Giordano, F Grebeniouk, O Gregor, IM Guler, H Hadjidakis, C Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Hasegawa, T Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Hristova, I Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Keri, T Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kobayashi, T Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Kravchenko, P Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lorenzon, W Lu, J Lu, S Ma, BQ Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Michler, T Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Murray, M Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Perez-Benito, R Pickert, N Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schafer, A Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Streit, J Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, PB van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vikhrov, V Vogel, C Wang, S Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A. Akopov, Z. Amarian, M. Andrus, A. Aschenauer, E. C. Augustyniak, W. Avakian, H. Avakian, R. Avetissian, A. Avetisyan, E. Bacchetta, A. Bailey, P. Belostotski, S. Bianchi, N. Blok, H. P. Boettcher, H. Borissov, A. Borysenko, A. Bruell, A. Bryzgalov, V. Capiluppi, M. Capitani, G. P. Ciullo, G. Contalbrigo, M. Dalpiaz, P. F. Deconinck, W. De Leo, R. Demey, M. De Nardo, L. De Sanctis, E. Devitsin, E. Diefenthaler, M. Di Nezza, P. Dreschler, J. Dueren, M. Ehrenfried, M. Elalaoui-Moulay, A. Elbakian, G. Ellinghaus, F. Elschenbroich, U. Fabbri, R. Fantoni, A. Felawka, L. Frullani, S. Funel, A. Gapienko, G. Gapienko, V. Garibaldi, F. Garrow, K. Gavrilov, G. Gharibyan, V. Giordano, F. Grebeniouk, O. Gregor, I. M. Guler, H. Hadjidakis, C. Hafidi, K. Hartig, M. Hasch, D. Hasegawa, T. Hesselink, W. H. A. Hillenbrand, A. Hoek, M. Holler, Y. Hommez, B. Hristova, I. Iarygin, G. Ivanilov, A. Izotov, A. Jackson, H. E. Jgoun, A. Kaiser, R. Keri, T. Kinney, E. Kisselev, A. Kobayashi, T. Kopytin, M. Korotkov, V. Kozlov, V. Krauss, B. Kravchenko, P. Krivokhijine, V. G. Lagamba, L. Lapikas, L. Lenisa, P. Liebing, P. Linden-Levy, L. A. Lorenzon, W. Lu, J. Lu, S. Ma, B. -Q. Maiheu, B. Makins, N. C. R. Mao, Y. Marianski, B. Marukyan, H. Masoli, F. Mexner, V. Meyners, N. Michler, T. Mikloukho, O. Miller, C. A. Miyachi, Y. Muccifora, V. Murray, M. Nagaitsev, A. Nappi, E. Naryshkin, Y. Negodaev, M. Nowak, W. -D. Oganessyan, K. Ohsuga, H. Osborne, A. Perez-Benito, R. Pickert, N. Raithel, M. Reggiani, D. Reimer, P. E. Reischl, A. Reolon, A. R. Riedl, C. Rith, K. Rosner, G. Rostomyan, A. Rubacek, L. Rubin, J. Ryckbosch, D. Salomatin, Y. Sanjiev, I. Savin, I. Schaefer, A. Schnell, G. Schueler, K. P. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Seitz, B. Shearer, C. Shibata, T. -A. Shutov, V. Sinram, K. Stancari, M. Statera, M. Steffens, E. Steijger, J. J. M. Stenzel, H. Stewart, J. Stinzing, F. Streit, J. Tait, P. Tanaka, H. Taroian, S. Tchuiko, B. Terkulov, A. Trzcinski, A. Tytgat, M. Vandenbroucke, A. van der Nat, P. B. van der Steenhoven, G. van Haarlem, Y. Vikhrov, V. Vogel, C. Wang, S. Ye, Y. Ye, Z. Yen, S. Zihlmann, B. Zupranski, P. CA HERMES Collaboration TI Beam-spin asymmetries in the azimuthal distribution of pion electroproduction SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ODD FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; SEMIINCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HARD-SCATTERING; SINGLE; HERA; LEPTOPRODUCTION AB A measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry in the azimuthal distribution of pions produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off protons is presented. The measurement was performed using the HERMES spectrometer with a hydrogen gas target and the longitudinally polarized 27.6 GeV positron beam of HERA. The sinusoidal amplitude of the dependence of the asymmetry on the angle phi of the hadron production plane around the virtual photon direction relative to the lepton scattering plane was measured for pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0) mesons. The dependence of this amplitude on the Bjorken scaling variable and on the pion fractional energy and transverse momentum is presented. The results are compared to theoretical model calculations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ghent, Dept Sutatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Moscow 142281, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita & Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Avetisyan, E (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, POB 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EM eduard.avetisyan@desy.de RI Deconinck, Wouter/F-4054-2012; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; Bacchetta, Alessandro/F-3199-2012; Taroian, Sarkis/E-1668-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; OI Bacchetta, Alessandro/0000-0002-8824-8355; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Deconinck, Wouter/0000-0003-4033-6716; Hoek, Matthias/0000-0002-1893-8764 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 648 IS 2-3 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 165UY UT WOS:000246332600009 ER PT J AU Nomura, Y Poland, D AF Nomura, Yasunori Poland, David TI Predictive supersymmetry from criticality SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EVEN HIGGS BOSONS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; GRAND UNIFICATION; STANDARD MODEL; BREAKING; MSSM; SUPERGRAVITY; MASSES; SCALE AB Motivated by the absence of any direct signal of new physics so far, we present a simple supersymmetric model in which the up-type Higgs mass-squared parameter m(Hu)(2) crosses zero at a scale close to the weak scale. Such a theory may be motivated either by the conventional naturalness picture or by the landscape picture with certain assumptions on prior probability distributions of parameters. The model arises from a simple higher dimensional setup in which the gauge and Higgs fields propagate in the bulk while the matter fields are on a brane. The soft supersymmetry breaking parameters receive contributions from both moduli and anomaly mediations, and their weak scale values can be analytically solved for in terms of a single overall mass scale M. The expected size for M depends on whether one adopts the naturalness or landscape pictures, allowing for the possibility of distinguishing between these two cases. We also present possible variations of the model, and discuss more general implications of the landscape picture in this context. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poland, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dpoland@berkeley.edu RI Poland, David/A-8689-2015; OI Poland, David/0000-0003-3854-2430; Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 648 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.012 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 165UY UT WOS:000246332600017 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Morosan, E Cava, RJ Schmiedeshoff, GM AF Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Morosan, E. Cava, R. J. Schmiedeshoff, G. M. TI Thermal expansion and effect of pressure on superconductivity in CuxTiSe2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; TISE2 AB We report measurements of thermal expansion on a number of polycrystalline Cu-x TiSe2 samples corresponding to the parts of x-T phase diagram with different ground states, as well as the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, for samples with three different values of Cu doping. Thermal expansion data suggest that the x-T phase diagram may be more complex than initially reported. Tc data at elevated pressure can be scaled to the ambient pressure CuxTiSe2 phase diagram; however, significantly different scaling factors are needed to accommodate the literature data on the charge density wave transition suppression under pressure. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DEO, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Occidental Coll, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DEO, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 17 AR 176230 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/17/176230 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XD UT WOS:000246556400042 PM 21690975 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Gupta, A Sharma, P Rao, KV Marcus, MA Dong, CL Guillen, JMO Butorin, SM Mattesini, M Glans, PA Smith, KE Chang, CL Ahuja, R AF Guo, J-H Gupta, Amita Sharma, Parmanand Rao, K. V. Marcus, M. A. Dong, C. L. Guillen, J. M. O. Butorin, S. M. Mattesini, M. Glans, P. A. Smith, K. E. Chang, C. L. Ahuja, R. TI X-ray spectroscopic study of the charge state and local ordering of room-temperature ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; ZN1-XCOXO; BULK; ALS AB The charge state and local ordering of Mn doped into a pulsed laser deposited single-phase thin film of ZnO are investigated by using x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the O K-edge, Mn K-edge and L-edge, and x-ray emission spectroscopy at the O K-edge and Mn L-edge. This film is ferromagnetic at room temperature. EXAFS measurement shows that Mn2+ replaces the Zn site in tetrahedral symmetry, and there is no evidence for either metallic Mn or MnO in the film. Upon Mn doping, the top of O 2p valence band extends into the bandgap, indicating additional charge carriers being created. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Japan Sci & Technol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui, Taiwan. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov RI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/B-7587-2008; Sharma, Parmanand/C-1518-2011; Rao, K.V./F-4577-2011; Mattesini, Maurizio/B-8520-2009; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 OI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/0000-0002-7384-8999; Mattesini, Maurizio/0000-0002-7744-8626; NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 17 AR 172202 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/17/172202 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XD UT WOS:000246556400002 PM 21690936 ER PT J AU Perkins, GK Moore, JD Chattopadhyay, MK Roy, SB Chaddah, P Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Cohen, LF AF Perkins, G. K. Moore, J. D. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Roy, S. B. Chaddah, P. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Cohen, L. F. TI Dynamics of magnetic phase cluster formation in the field-driven AFM-FM transition in Gd5Ge4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR AB Using a combination of local and global magnetometry, dimensional analysis and numerical simulations we investigate the dynamics of magnetic phase cluster formation across the first-order magnetic-field-driven magnetostructural transition in Gd5Ge4 at 6 K, where the transformation is completely irreversible, and at 35 K, where the reversibility is restored due to rising thermal fluctuations. We have previously shown, using scanning Hall probe images, that the transition involves phase separated clusters. Here we discuss these images in the context of a random nucleation and growth model, focusing on the relation between microscopic and macroscopic behaviours. The purpose of the work is to set up a framework for the analysis of these materials and it has implications for future discoveries of related functional magnetic materials where first-order, disorder-broadened transitions dominate key physical properties. C1 Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Ctr Adv Technol, Low Temp Phys Lab, Indore 452013, India. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Perkins, GK (reprint author), Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 17 AR 176213 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/17/176213 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168XD UT WOS:000246556400025 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Lewis, Jared C. Bergman, Robert G. Ellman, Jonathan A. TI Rh(I)-catalyzed alkylation of quinolines and pyridines via C-H bond activation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION; HETEROCYCLES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ALKENES; ARYLATION; RUTHENIUM; MOLECULES; ARENES AB The scope of heterocycle ortho-alkylation has been dramatically expanded to include pharmaceutically important pyridines and quinolines, which contain only a single nitrogen. The reactions, which are conducted at a high concentration (0.8 M), can be performed with catalyst loadings as low as 1% Rh. Substitution ortho to the heterocycle ring nitrogen is required for efficient alkylation and is consistent with the intermediacy of a Rh-carbene intermediate similar to those proposed in our earlier work. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rbergman@berkeley.edu; jellman@berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM069559, R01 GM069559, R01 GM069559-05] NR 27 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 17 BP 5332 EP + DI 10.1021/ja070388z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160MR UT WOS:000245946400017 PM 17411050 ER PT J AU Rabuka, D Parthasarathy, R Lee, GS Chen, X Groves, JT Bertozzi, CR AF Rabuka, David Parthasarathy, Raghuveer Lee, Goo Soo Chen, Xing Groves, Jay T. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Hierarchical assembly of model cell surfaces: Synthesis of mucin mimetic polymers and their display on supported bilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYMERIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; ACRYLAMIDE; PROTEINS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOSYLATION; DERIVATIVES; LIGATION AB Molecular level analysis of cell-surface phenomena could benefit from model systems comprising structurally defined components. Here we present the first step toward bottom-up assembly of model cell surfacesthe synthesis of mucin mimetics and their incorporation into artificial membranes. Natural mucins are densely glycosylated O-linked glycoproteins that serve numerous functions on cell surfaces. Their large size and extensive glycosylation makes the synthesis of these biopolymers impractical. We designed synthetically tractable glycosylated polymers that possess rodlike extended conformations similar to natural mucins. The glycosylated polymers were end-functionalized with lipid groups and embedded into supported lipid bilayers where they interact with protein receptors in a structure-dependent manner. Furthermore, their dynamic behavior in synthetic membranes mirrored that of natural biomolecules. This system provides a unique framework with which to study the behavior of mucin-like macromolecules in a controlled, cell surface-mimetic environment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Parthasarathy, Raghuveer/A-5958-2008 OI Parthasarathy, Raghuveer/0000-0002-6006-4749 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59907, R01 GM059907, R01 GM059907-08] NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 17 BP 5462 EP 5471 DI 10.1021/ja067819i PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160MR UT WOS:000245946400051 PM 17425309 ER PT J AU Koptyug, IV Kovtunov, KV Burt, SR Anwar, MS Hilty, C Han, SI Pines, A Sagdeev, RZ AF Koptyug, Igor V. Kovtunov, Kirill V. Burt, Scott R. Anwar, M. Sabieh Hilty, Christian Han, Song-I Pines, Alexander Sagdeev, Renad Z. TI para-hydrogen-induced polarization in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARAHYDROGEN-INDUCED POLARIZATION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CATALYSTS; RHODIUM; NMR; IMMOBILIZATION; FIELD; C-13; COMPLEXES; ALIGNMENT AB We demonstrate the creation and observation of para-hydrogen-induced polarization in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions. Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)(3), supported on either modified silica gel or a polymer, is shown to hydrogenate styrene into ethylbenzene and to produce enhanced spin polarizations, observed through NMR, when the reaction was performed with H-2 gas enriched in the para spin isomer. Furthermore, gaseous phase para-hydrogenation of propylene to propane with two catalysts, the Wilkinson's catalyst supported on modified silica gel and Rh(cod)(sulfos) (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene; sulfos = -O3S(C6H4)CH2C(CH2PPh2)(3)) supported on silica gel, demonstrates heterogeneous catalytic conversion resulting in large spin polarizations. These experiments serve as a direct verification of the mechanism of heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions involving immobilized metal complexes and can be potentially developed into a practical tool for producing catalyst-free fluids with highly polarized nuclear spins for a broad range of hyperpolarized NMR and MRI applications. C1 Int Tomog Ctr, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Koptyug, IV (reprint author), Int Tomog Ctr, 3A Inst St, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM koptyug@tomo.nsc.ru RI Han, Songi/E-4723-2012; Koptyug, Igor/F-6470-2014; Hilty, Christian/C-1892-2015; OI Han, Songi/0000-0001-6489-6246; Koptyug, Igor/0000-0003-3480-7649; Hilty, Christian/0000-0003-2539-2568; Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh/0000-0001-5039-8828; Kovtunov, Kirill/0000-0001-7577-9619 NR 45 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 17 BP 5580 EP 5586 DI 10.1021/ja068653o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160MR UT WOS:000245946400064 PM 17408268 ER PT J AU Woodward, JD Kennel, SJ Mirzadeh, S Dai, S Wall, JS Richey, T Avenell, J Rondinone, AJ AF Woodward, Jonathan D. Kennel, Steve J. Mirzadeh, Saed Dai, Sheng Wall, Jonathan S. Richey, Tina Avenell, James Rondinone, Adam J. TI In vivo SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution using radioactive (CdTe)-Te-125m/ZnS nanoparticles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUNG; CDTE; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; NANOCRYSTALS; THERAPY; CANCER; CDS AB Radioactive cadmium telluride/zinc sulfide ((CdTe)-Te-125m/ZnS) nanoparticles were targeted to mouse lung with antibody to mouse lung endothelium and quantified using radiological histology in order to test the in vivo targeting efficacy of a nanoparticle-antibody (NP-mAb) system. The nanoparticles were linked to either a monoclonal antibody to mouse lung thrombomodulin (mAb 201B) or a control antibody (mAb 33), and injected into groups of 6-week-old Balb/C female mice. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, 24, 72 and 144 h post-injection, and biodistribution in major organs was determined. Full body microSPECT/CT imaging was performed on a pair of mice (experimental and control) providing visual confirmation of the biodistribution. The (CdTe)-Te-125m/ZnS NPs conjugated to mAb 201B principally target the lungs while the nanoparticles coupled to mAb 33 accumulate in the liver and spleen. These data provide, for the first time, a quantitative measurement of the in vivo targeting efficacy of an inorganic nanoparticle-mAb system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rondinone, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 2 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 17 AR 175103 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/17/175103 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 168WC UT WOS:000246553700003 ER PT J AU Brown, IG Lane, JE Youngquist, RC AF Brown, Ian G. Lane, John E. Youngquist, Robert C. TI A lunar-based spacecraft propulsion concept - The ion beam sail SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE spacecraft propulsion; ion beam thruster; ion propulsion; interplanetary travel AB We describe a concept for spacecraft propulsion by means of an energetic ion beam, with the ion source fixed at the spacecraft starting point (e.g., a lunar-based ion beam generator) and not onboard the vessel. This approach avoids the substantial mass penalty associated with the onboard ion source and power supply hardware, and vastly more energetic ion beam systems can be entertained. We estimate the ion beam parameters required for various scenarios and consider some of the constraints limiting the concept. We find that the "ion beam sail" approach can be viable and attractive for journey distances not too great, for example, within the Earth-Moon system, and could potentially provide support for journeys to the inner planets. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ASRC Aerosp Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Lane, JE (reprint author), ASRC Aerosp Corp, POB 21087, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32815 USA. EM John.Lane-1@ksc.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 60 IS 10-11 BP 834 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.11.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 159PB UT WOS:000245877300006 ER PT J AU Hodge, AM Meyers, MA Lim, CT LeSar, R AF Hodge, Andrea M. Meyers, Marc A. Lim, Chwee Teck LeSar, Richard TI 2nd TMS Symposium on biological materials science SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Hodge, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov; mameyers@ucsd.edu; ctlim@nus.edu.sg; lesar@lastate.edu RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012; Lim, Chwee Teck/B-3307-2011; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.01.001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 167AD UT WOS:000246421900001 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Afonine, PV Adams, PD Moriarty, NW Zwart, P Read, RJ Turk, D Hung, LW AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Afonine, Pavel V. Adams, Paul D. Moriarty, Nigel W. Zwart, Peter Read, Randy J. Turk, Dusan Hung, Li-Wei TI Interpretation of ensembles created by multiple iterative rebuilding of macromolecular models SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONFORMATIONAL DISORDER; DENSITY MODIFICATION; THERMAL MOTION; DATA-BANK; REFINEMENT; BINDING; RESOLUTION AB Automation of iterative model building, density modification and refinement in macromolecular crystallography has made it feasible to carry out this entire process multiple times. By using different random seeds in the process, a number of different models compatible with experimental data can be created. Sets of models were generated in this way using real data for ten protein structures from the Protein Data Bank and using synthetic data generated at various resolutions. Most of the heterogeneity among models produced in this way is in the side chains and loops on the protein surface. Possible interpretations of the variation among models created by repetitive rebuilding were investigated. Synthetic data were created in which a crystal structure was modelled as the average of a set of 'perfect' structures and the range of models obtained by rebuilding a single starting model was examined. The standard deviations of coordinates in models obtained by repetitive rebuilding at high resolution are small, while those obtained for the same synthetic crystal structure at low resolution are large, so that the diversity within a group of models cannot generally be a quantitative reflection of the actual structures in a crystal. Instead, the group of structures obtained by repetitive rebuilding reflects the precision of the models, and the standard deviation of coordinates of these structures is a lower bound estimate of the uncertainty in coordinates of the individual models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01 GM063210, P01 GM063210, P01 GM063210-090002]; Wellcome Trust NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 BP 597 EP 610 DI 10.1107/S0907444907009791 PN 5 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 189SO UT WOS:000248009000006 PM 17452785 ER PT J AU Jaskolski, M Gilski, M Dauter, Z Wlodawer, A AF Jaskolski, Mariusz Gilski, Miroslaw Dauter, Zbigniew Wlodawer, Alexander TI Stereochemical restraints revisited: how accurate are refinement targets and how much should protein structures be allowed to deviate from them? SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FOURIER SYNTHESIS; ULTRAHIGH-RESOLUTION STRUCTURE; FREE R-VALUE; X-RAY; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION DATA; 0.75 ANGSTROM; PEPTIDE-BOND AB The Protein Data Bank and Cambridge Structural Database were analyzed with the aim of verifying whether the restraints that are most commonly used for protein structure refinement are still appropriate 15 years after their introduction. From an analysis of selected main-chain parameters in well ordered fragments of ten highest resolution protein structures, it was concluded that some of the currently used geometrical target values should be adjusted somewhat (the C-N bond and the N-C(alpha)-C angle) or applied with less emphasis (peptide planarity). It was also found that the weighting of stereochemical information in medium-resolution refinements is often overemphasized at the cost of the experimental information in the diffraction data. A correctly set balance will be reflected in root-mean-square deviations from ideal bond lengths in the range 0.015-0.020 angstrom for structures refined to R factors of 0.15-0.20. At ultrahigh resolution, however, the diffraction terms should be allowed to dominate, with even higher acceptable deviations from idealized standards in the well defined fragments of the protein. It is postulated that modern refinement programs should accommodate variable restraint weights that are dependent on the occupancies and B factors of the atoms involved. C1 NCI, Protein Struct Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Polish Acad Sci, Fac Chem, Ctr Biocrystallog Res,Inst Bioorgan Chem,Dept Cry, Poznan, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Biosci Div,Macromol Crystallog Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wlodawer, A (reprint author), NCI, Protein Struct Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM wlodawer@ncifcrf.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 51 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1107/S090744490700978X PN 5 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 189SO UT WOS:000248009000007 PM 17452786 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Borek, TT AF Rodriguez, Mark A. Borek, Theodore T. TI 1,3-Dichloro-5-(dimethylamino)borazine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marodri@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 BP O2638 EP U1257 DI 10.1107/S1600536807018995 PN 5 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 190SN UT WOS:000248080100478 ER PT J AU Oganesyan, V Adams, PD Jancarik, J Kim, R Kim, SH AF Oganesyan, Vaheh Adams, Paul D. Jancarik, Jarmila Kim, Rosalind Kim, Sung-Hou TI Structure of O67745_ AQUAE, a hypothetical protein from Aquifex aeolicus SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; CRYSTALLIZATION; FAMILIES AB Using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion data obtained from a gold-derivatized crystal, the X-ray crystal structure of the protein 067745_AQUAE from the prokaryotic organism Aquifex aeolicus has been determined to a resolution of 2.0 angstrom. Amino-acid residues 1-371 of the 44 kDa protein were identified by Pfam as an HD domain and a member of the metal-dependent phosphohydrolase superfamily (accession No. PF01966). Although three families from this large and diverse group of enzymatic proteins are represented in the PDB, the structure of 067745_AQUAE reveals a unique fold that is unlike the others and that is likely to represent a new subfamily, further organizing the families and characterizing the proteins. Data are presented that provide the first insights into the structural organization of the proteins within this clan and a distal alternative GDP-binding domain outside the metal-binding active site is proposed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU PHS HHS [62412] NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1107/S1744309107018945 PN 5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 190FW UT WOS:000248044900002 PM 17565173 ER PT J AU Keiski, CL Yip, P Robinson, H Burrows, LL Howell, PL AF Keiski, Carrie-Lynn Yip, Patrick Robinson, Howard Burrows, Lori L. Howell, P. Lynne TI Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens AlgK SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; ALGINATE LYASE ALGL; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; AERUGINOSA ALGG; ACETYLATION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFRACTION AB AlgK is an outer-membrane lipoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of alginate in Pseudomonads and Azotobacter vinelandii. A recombinant form of Pseudomonas fluorescens AlgK with a C-terminal polyhistidine affinity tag has been expressed and purified from the periplasm of Escherichia coli cells and diffraction-quality crystals of AlgK have been grown using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals grow as flat plates with unit-cell parameters a = 79.09, b = 107.85, c = 119.15 angstrom, beta = 96.97 degrees. The crystals exhibit the symmetry of space group P2(1) and diffract to a minimum d-spacing of 2.5 angstrom at Station X29 of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. On the basis of the Matthews coefficient (V-M = 2.53 angstrom(3) Da(-1)), four protein molecules are estimated to be present in the asymmetric unit. C1 Hosp Sick Children, Program Mol Struct & Funct, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Howell, PL (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Program Mol Struct & Funct, Res Inst, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM howell@sickkids.ca RI Burrows, Lori/D-1142-2010 OI Burrows, Lori/0000-0003-0838-5040 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1107/S1744309107016880 PN 5 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 190FW UT WOS:000248044900014 PM 17565185 ER PT J AU Pereloma, EV Timokhina, IB Miller, MK Hodgson, PD AF Pereloma, E. V. Timokhina, I. B. Miller, M. K. Hodgson, P. D. TI Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of solute distribution in thermomechanically processed TRIP steels SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE TRIP steels; thermomechanical processing; three-dimensional atom probe; phase transformations; transmission electron microscopy ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RETAINED AUSTENITE; ALLOYING ELEMENTS; DUAL-PHASE; AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS; 0.4C-1.5SI-0.8MN STEEL; BAINITE TRANSFORMATION; PROEUTECTOID FERRITE; CARBON STEELS; STABILITY AB Complex multiphase microstructures were obtained in transformation induced plasticity C-Mn-Si-(Nb-Al-Mo) steels by simulated controlled thermomechanical processing. These microstructures were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and three-dimensional atom probe tomography (APT), which was used to determine the partitioning of elements between different phases and microconstituents. The measured carbon concentration (similar to 0.25 at%) in the ferrite of carbide-free bainite was higher than expected from para-equilibrium between the austenite and ferrite, while the concentrations of substitutional elements were the same as in the parent austenite suggesting that incomplete bainite transformation occurred. In contrast, the distribution of substitutional elements between the ferrite lath and austenite in carbide-containing bainite indicated a complete bainite reaction. The average carbon content in the retained austenite (3.2 +/- 1.6 at%) was somewhat higher than the T(0) limit. On the basis of the APT measured composition, the calculated M, temperatures for retained austenite were above room temperature, indicating its low chemical stability. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Deakin Univ, Sch Engn & Technol, Geelong, Vic 3127, Australia. Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mechatron Engn, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Pereloma, EV (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM elenap@uow.edu.au NR 62 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2587 EP 2598 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.12.001 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167OH UT WOS:000246460500003 ER PT J AU Huang, J Vogel, SC Poole, WJ Militzer, M Jacques, P AF Huang, J. Vogel, S. C. Poole, W. J. Militzer, M. Jacques, P. TI The study of low-temperature austenite decomposition in a Fe-C-Mn-Si steel using the neutron Bragg edge transmission technique SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE austenite decomposition; neutron Bragg edge transmission; phase transformation; steels ID BAINITE TRANSFORMATION; RETAINED AUSTENITE; LATTICE-PARAMETER; CARBON CONTENT; SHEET STEEL; DIFFRACTION; KINETICS; IRON; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; DILATOMETRY AB A new technique based on the study of the transmitted neutron beam has been developed to study the low-temperature decomposition of austenite in a 0.4 wt.% C-3 wt.% Mn-2 wt.% Si steel. Experiments were conducted in which the neutron beam continuously passed through a specially designed layered sample, the temperature of which could be controlled to allow for a high-temperature austenization treatment followed by accelerated cooling to an isothermal transformation temperature in the range of 275-450 degrees C. It was possible to measure the volume fraction of the face-centred cubic (fcc) and body-centred cubic (bcc) phases and the carbon concentration of the fcc phase by characterizing the neutron Bragg edges in the transmitted beam. This provides a technique for in situ continuous measurements on the decomposition of austentite. The technique has been validated by comparing the data with other experimental techniques such as dilatometry, quantitative optical metallography and room temperature X-ray diffraction. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Sci Mat & Procedes, IMAP, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Poole, WJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, 309-6350 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM warren.poole@ubc.ca RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2683 EP 2693 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.049 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167OH UT WOS:000246460500012 ER PT J AU Daymond, MR Preuss, M Clausen, B AF Daymond, M. R. Preuss, M. Clausen, B. TI Evidence of variation in slip mode in a polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy with change in temperature from neutron diffraction strain measurements SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE diffraction; superlattice; internal strain; self-consistent modelling ID PARTICLE HARDENING MECHANISMS; HIGH-VOLUME FRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; YIELD STRENGTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ALLOYS; DEPENDENCE; STRESS; COMPOSITES; EVOLUTION AB The deformation mechanisms under tensile loading in a 45 vol.% gamma' polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy have been studied using neutron diffraction at 20 degrees C, 400 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 650 degrees C and 750 degrees C with the results interpreted via (self-consistent) polycrystal deformation modelling. The data demonstrate that such experiments are suited to detecting changes of the gamma' slip mode from {111} to {100} with increasing temperature. Between room temperature and 500 degrees C there is load transfer from gamma' to gamma, indicating that gamma' is the softer phase. At higher temperatures, opposite load transfer is observed indicating that the gamma matrix is softer. At 400 degrees C and 500 degrees C, an instantaneous yielding increment of about 2% was observed, after an initial strain of 1.5%. This instantaneous straining coincided with zero lattice misfit between gamma and gamma' in the axial direction. Predicted and experimental results of the elastic strain response of the two phases and different grain families showed good agreement at elevated temperatures, while only qualitative agreement was found at 20 degrees C. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Manchester, Ctr Mat Sci, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daymond, MR (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM daymond@me.queensu.ca RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Preuss, Michael/D-5847-2016; OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Preuss, Michael/0000-0003-3806-0415; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3089 EP 3102 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.013 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 170HG UT WOS:000246653000018 ER PT J AU Dolotko, O Zhang, HQ Ugurlu, O Wiench, JW Pruski, M Chumbley, LS Pecharsky, V AF Dolotko, Oleksandr Zhang, Haiqiao Ugurlu, Ozan Wiench, Jerzy W. Pruski, Marek Chumbley, L. Scott Pecharsky, Vitalij TI Mechanochemical transformations in Li(Na)AlH4-Li(Na)NH2 systems SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hydrides; mechanical milling; hydrogen storage; nuclear magnetic resonance; X-ray diffraction ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE MATERIALS; SODIUM ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TI-DOPED NAALH4; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAS NMR; LIALH4; AL-27; DESTABILIZATION AB Mechanochemical transformations of tetrahydroaluminates and amides of lithium and sodium have been investigated using gas volumetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy. In a transformation of LiAlH4 and LiNH2, taken in an 1:1 molar ratio, the amount of released hydrogen (6.6 wt.% after 30 mill ball milling) was higher than in any known one pot mechanochemical process involving a hydrogen-containing solid. A total of 4.3 wt.% of hydrogen is released by the NaAlH4-NaNH2 system after 60 min ball milling; and 5.2 wt.% H-2, is released when LiAlH4 and NaNH2 or NaAlH4 and LiNH2 are ball milled for 90 min and 120 min, respectively. All transformations proceed at room temperature. The mechanism of the overall transformation MAlH4(s) + MNH2(s) -> 2MH(s) + AlN(s) + 2H(2)(g) was identified based on detailed spectroscopic analysis of the intermediate (M3AlH6) and final products of the ball milling process. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, V (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3121 EP 3130 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.016 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 170HG UT WOS:000246653000021 ER PT J AU Gupta, VK Yoon, DH Meyer, HM Luo, J AF Gupta, Vivek K. Yoon, Dang-Hyok Meyer, Harry M., III Luo, Jian TI Thin intergranular films and solid-state activated sintering in nickel-doped tungsten SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE sintering; grain boundary wetting; grain boundary diffusion; interface segregation; refractory metals ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; PERCENT SI ALLOY; AMORPHOUS FILMS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM-THICKNESS; BI2O3-DOPED ZNO; COVALENT MATERIALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SOLUTE DRAG; ZINC-OXIDE AB Nickel-doped tungsten specimens were prepared with high purity chemicals and sintered. Although activated sintering starts more than 400 degrees C below the bulk eutectic temperature, the nickel-rich crystalline secondary phase does not wet the tungsten grain boundaries in the solid state. These results contrast with the classical activated sintering model whereby the secondary crystalline phase was presumed to wet grain boundaries completely. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the presence of nanometer-thick, nickel-enriched, disordered films at grain boundaries well below the bulk eutectic temperature. These interfacial films can be regarded as metallic counterparts to widely observed equilibrium-thickness intergranular films in ceramics. Assuming they form at a true thermodynamic equilibrium, these films can alternatively be understood as a class of combined grain boundary disordering and adsorption structures resulting from coupled premelting and prewetting transitions. It is concluded that enhanced diffusion in these thin intergranular films is responsible for solid-state activated sintering. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temperature Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Engn Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jianluo@clemson.edu RI Luo, Jian/A-4777-2008 NR 79 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3131 EP 3142 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.017 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 170HG UT WOS:000246653000022 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Stolken, JS Kumar, M Ritchie, RO AF Gao, Yong Stolken, J. S. Kumar, Mukul Ritchie, R. O. TI High-cycle fatigue of nickel-base superalloy Rene 104 (ME3): Interaction of microstructurally small cracks with grain boundaries of known character SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE high-cycle fatigue; grain-boundary engineering; fatigue thresholds; small cracks; superalloys ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PURITY NICKEL; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; GROWTH; PROPAGATION; PERSPECTIVE; EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; DESIGN AB High-cycle fatigue (HCF), involving the premature initiation and/or rapid propagation of small cracks to failure due to high-frequency cyclic loading, has been identified as one of the leading causes of turbine engine failures in aircraft. In this work, we consider the feasibility of using grain-boundary engineering to improve the HCF properties of a polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy, Rene 104 (also known as ME3), through systematic modification of the grain-boundary distribution. In particular, we investigate the growth of microstructurally small fatigue cracks at ambient temperature in microstructures with varying proportions of "special" vs. "random" boundaries, as defined by coincident-site lattice theory. Specifically, we examine the interaction of propagating small (similar to 10-900 mu m) surface cracks with grain boundaries of known character, with respect both to any deflection in crack trajectory that occurs at or near the boundary, and more importantly to any local changes in crack-growth rates. In addition, finite-element calculations are performed to evaluate the effective driving force and plastic-zone profile for such small-crack propagation, incorporating information from both the local microstructure (from electron backscattering diffraction scans) and the surface crack-path profile. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Gao, Yong/E-3473-2013 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3155 EP 3167 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.033 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 170HG UT WOS:000246653000024 ER PT J AU Zurek, WH Cucchietti, FM Paz, JP AF Zurek, W. H. Cucchietti, F. M. Paz, J. P. TI Gaussian decoherence and gaussian echo from spin environments SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Marian Smoluchowski Symposium on Statistical Physics CY MAY 14-17, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLARIZATION ECHOES; PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; ATTENUATION; DIFFUSION; NMR AB We examine an exactly solvable model of decoherence - a spin-system interacting with a collection of environment spins. We show that in this simple model (introduced some time ago to illustrate environment-induced superselection) generic assumptions about the coupling strengths typically lead to a non-Markovian (Gaussian) suppression of coherence between pointer states. We explore the regime of validity of this result and discuss its relation to spectral features of the environment. We also consider its relevance to Loschmidt echo experiments (which measure, in effect, the fidelity between the initial state and the state first evolved forward with a Hamiltonian R, and then "unevolved" with (approximately) -H). In particular, we show that for partial reversals (e.g., when only a part of the total Hamiltonian changes sign) fidelity may exhibit a Gaussian dependence on the time of reversal that is independent of the details of the reversal procedure: It just depends on what part of the Hamiltonian gets "flipped" by the reversal. This puzzling behavior was observed in several NMR experiments. Natural candidates for such two environments (one of which is easily reversed, while the other is "irreversible") are suggested for the experiment involving ferrocene. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008; Cucchietti, Fernando/C-7765-2016 OI Cucchietti, Fernando/0000-0002-9027-1263 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAY PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1685 EP 1703 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181UG UT WOS:000247461000007 ER PT J AU Duan, QY Ajami, NK Gao, XG Sorooshian, S AF Duan, Qingyun Ajami, Newsha K. Gao, Xiaogang Sorooshian, Soroosh TI Multi-model ensemble hydrologic prediction using Bayesian model averaging SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaging; ensemble hydrologic prediction; multi-model combination; uncertainty estimation ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; FORECASTS; COMBINATION; VERIFICATION; CALIBRATION; WEATHER; SCIENCE AB Multi-model ensemble strategy is a means to exploit the diversity of skillful predictions from different models. This paper studies the use of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) scheme to develop more skillful and reliable probabilistic hydrologic predictions from multiple competing predictions made by several hydrologic models. BMA is a statistical procedure that infers consensus predictions by weighing individual predictions based on their probabilistic likelihood measures, with the better performing predictions receiving higher weights than the worse performing ones. Furthermore, BMA provides a more reliable description of the total predictive uncertainty than the original ensemble, leading to a sharper and better calibrated probability density function (PDF) for the probabilistic predictions. In this study, a nine-member ensemble of hydrologic predictions was used to test and evaluate the BMA scheme. This ensemble was generated by calibrating three different hydrologic models using three distinct objective functions. These objective functions were chosen in a way that forces the models to capture certain aspects of the hydrograph well (e.g., peaks, mid-flows and low flows). Two sets of numerical experiments were carried out on three test basins in the US to explore the best way of using the BMA scheme. In the first set, a single set of BMA weights was computed to obtain BMA predictions, while the second set employed multiple sets of weights, with distinct sets corresponding to different flow intervals. In both sets, the streamflow values were transformed using Box-Cox transformation to ensure that the probability distribution of the prediction errors is approximately Gaussian. A split sample approach was used to obtain and validate the BMA predictions. The test results showed that BMA scheme has the advantage of generating more skillful and equally reliable probabilistic predictions than original ensemble. The performance of the expected BMA predictions in terms of daily root mean square error (DRMS) and daily absolute mean error (DABS) is generally superior to that of the best individual predictions. Furthermore, the BMA predictions employing multiple sets of weights are generally better than those using single set of weights. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Duan, QY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM qduan@llnl.gov RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Ajami, newsha/C-9151-2017 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; Ajami, newsha/0000-0003-4421-3764 NR 45 TC 190 Z9 206 U1 9 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1386 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.11.014 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 162MV UT WOS:000246092800025 ER PT J AU Madsen, TV Leitner, T Lohse, N Obel, N Ladefoged, K Gerstoft, J Petersen, AB Nielsen, C Jorgensen, LB AF Madsen, Tina V. Leitner, Thomas Lohse, Nicolai Obel, Niels Ladefoged, Karin Gerstoft, Jan Petersen, Ann Berith Nielsen, Claus Jorgensen, Louise B. TI Introduction of HIV type 1 into an isolated population: Molecular epidemiologic study from Greenland SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TRANSMISSION HISTORY; PRIMARY INFECTION; SEQUENCES; RECONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; THAILAND; SUBTYPES AB Introduction of HIV-1 into a population may not always give rise to a subsequent epidemic. Greenland is an isolated and sparsely populated island in The Danish Kingdom. We aimed to estimate the number of introductions of HIV-1 into Greenland, the number of subsequent epidemics, and the countries from which the virus was introduced. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on three regions of HIV-1 (gag, pol, and env) in samples from 70 Greenlandic patients. Furthermore, we included gene sequences from contemporary Danish HIV-1-infected patients and sequences from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. All Greenlandic sequences were subtype B except one sequence found to be a recombinant (probably CRF13). Sequence clusters in the phylogenetic trees indicated that there had been at least nine introductions of HIV-1 into Greenland. One cluster, supported by bootstrap values of 81, 76, and 96% for gag, pol, and env, corresponding to one introduction, contained 53 (76%) of the Greenland patients. The patients in the cluster differed from other Greenlandic patients in epidemiological parameters. Two distinct subgroups within the main cluster were concentrated around the two largest Greenlandic towns. Although HIV-1 has been introduced into Greenland at least nine times, only one introduction gave rise to an epidemic. The phylogeny did not indicate from where the main Greenland cluster had been introduced as no database sequence from outside Greenland was genetically close to this cluster. The large diversity between the main Greenland cluster and the rest of the sequences is most likely due to a founder effect. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Virol, Virus Biosafety Lab BL3, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Dronning Ingrids Hosp, Dept Med, Nuuk, Greenland. Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Madsen, TV (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Virol, Virus Biosafety Lab BL3, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. EM tvm@ssi.dk NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0235 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 172JJ UT WOS:000246799900002 PM 17530992 ER PT J AU Hartman, J Small, W Wilson, TS Brock, J Buckley, PR Benett, WJ Loge, JM Maitland, DJ AF Hartman, J. Small, W. Wilson, T. S. Brock, J. Buckley, P. R. Benett, W. J. Loge, J. M. Maitland, D. J. TI Embolectomy in a rabbit acute arterial occlusion model using a novel electromechanical extraction device SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STROKE AB A prototype endovascular electromechanical clot-extraction device was fabricated using a combination of shape memory polymer and shape memory nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol). Five embolic vascular occlusions were created in 4 rabbits by injecting thermally coagulated blood through a 4F catheter in the common carotid artery. Angiography immediately after clot injection showed complete or partial occlusion of the common carotid artery. Posttreatment angiography showed complete (2/5), partial (2/5), or no (1/5) restoration of blood flow. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Maitland, DJ (reprint author), 7000 E Ave,L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maitiandl@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000462] NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 872 EP 874 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 169ON UT WOS:000246601600023 PM 17494660 ER PT J AU Sandal, T Valyi-Nagy, K Spencer, VA Folberg, R Bissell, MJ Maniotis, AJ AF Sandal, Tone Valyi-Nagy, Klara Spencer, Virginia A. Folberg, Robert Bissell, Mina J. Maniotis, Andrew J. TI Epigenetic reversion of breast carcinoma phenotype is accompanied by changes in DNA sequestration as measured by AluI restriction enzyme SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX COMPONENTS; MIGRATION-STIMULATING FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN ISOFORM; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS; MAMMARY EPITHELIUM; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLIC-AMP; CELLS; CANCER AB The importance of microenvironment and context in regulation of tissue-specific genes is well established. DNA exposure to or the sequestration from nucleases detects differences in higher order chromatin structure in intact cells without disturbing cellular or tissue architecture. To investigate the relationship between chromatin organization and tumor phenotype, we used an established three-dimensional assay in which normal and malignant human breast cells can be easily distinguished by the morphology of the structures they make (acinus-like versus tumor-like, respectively). We show that these phenotypes can be distinguished also by sensitivity to AluI digestion in which the malignant cells resist digestion relative to nonmalignant cells. Treatment of T4-2 breast cancer cells in three-dimensional culture with cAMP analogs or a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor not only reverted their phenotype from nonpolar to polar acinar-like structures but also enhanced chromatin sensitivity to AluI. By using different cAMP analogs, we show that cAMP-induced phenotypic reversion, polarization, and shift in DNA organization act through a cAMP-dependent protein-kinase A-coupled signaling pathway. Importantly, inhibitory antibody to fibronectin produced the same effect. These experiments underscore the concept that modifying the tumor microenvironment can alter the organization of tumor cells and demonstrate that architecture and global chromatin organization are coupled and highly plastic. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Maniotis, AJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, 840 S Wood St,130 CSN,MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM amanioti@uic.edu OI Valyi-Nagy, Klara/0000-0002-3035-6388 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY10457, R01 EY010457] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 170 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1749 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060922 PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 161XN UT WOS:000246050400029 PM 17456778 ER PT J AU Shaddix, CR Williams, TC AF Shaddix, Christopher R. Williams, Timothy C. TI Soot: Giver and taker of light SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 3 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1511/2007.65.1023 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 155JX UT WOS:000245574800014 ER PT J AU Werner, JH McCarney, ER Keller, RA Plaxco, KW Goodwin, PM AF Werner, James H. McCarney, Evan R. Keller, Richard A. Plaxco, Kevin W. Goodwin, Peter M. TI Increasing the resolution of single pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements in solution via molecular cytometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSING MOLECULES; PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; DNA; MICROSECONDS; BIOMOLECULES AB We report a method to increase the resolution of single pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spFRET) measurements in aqueous solutions. Solution-based spFRET measurements of fluorescently labeled biological molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) are often used to obtain histograms of molecular conformation without resorting to sample immobilization. However, for solution-phase spFRET studies, the number of photons detected from a single molecule as it diffuses through an open confocal volume element are quite limited. An "average" transit may yield on the order of 40 photons. Shot noise on the number of detected photons substantially limits the resolution of the measurement. The method reported here uses a hydrodynamically focused sample stream to ensure molecules traverse the full width of an excitation laser beam. This substantially increases the average number of photons detected per molecular transit (similar to 85 photons/molecule), which increases measurement precision. In addition, this method minimizes another source of heterogeneity present in diffusive measures of spFRET: the distribution of paths taken through the excitation laser beam. We demonstrate here using a FRET labeled protein sample (a FynSH3 domain) that superior resolution (a factor of similar to 2) can be obtained via molecular cytometry compared to spFRET measurements based upon diffusion through an open confocal volume element. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Werner, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwerner@lanl.gov RI Plaxco, Kevin/O-1793-2013; OI Plaxco, Kevin/0000-0003-4772-8771; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM62868-01A2] NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 9 BP 3509 EP 3513 DI 10.1021/ac070142c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 161PG UT WOS:000246027100029 PM 17385843 ER PT J AU Grigori, L Li, XS AF Grigori, Laura Li, Xiaoye S. TI Towards an accurate performance modeling of parallel sparse factorization SO APPLICABLE ALGEBRA IN ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Minisymposium on High Performance Linear Algebra Algorithms and Sparse Direct Linear Solvers CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Lyngby, DENMARK DE parallel sparse factorization; performance modeling; distributed parallel machine ID LEVEL-3 BLAS; PROCESSORS; ALGORITHMS AB We present a simulation-based performance model to analyze a parallel sparse LU factorization algorithm on modern cached-based, high-end parallel architectures. We consider supernodal right-looking parallel factorization on a bi-dimensional grid of processors, that uses static pivoting. Our model characterizes the algorithmic behavior by taking into account the underlying processor speed, memory system performance, as well as the interconnect speed. The model is validated using the implementation in the SuperLU_DIST linear system solver, the sparse matrices from real application, and an IBM POWER3 parallel machine. Our modeling methodology can be adapted to study performance of other types of sparse factorizations, such as Cholesky or QR, and on different parallel machines. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. INRIA Futurs, F-91893 Orsay, France. RP Grigori, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Laura.Grigori@inria.fr; xsli@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1279 J9 APPL ALGEBR ENG COMM JI Appl. Algebr. Eng. Commun. Comput. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 241 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s00200-007-0036-y PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 176EG UT WOS:000247066600004 ER PT J AU He, JZ Holmes, VF Lee, PKH Alvarez-Cohen, L AF He, Jianzhong Holmes, Victor F. Lee, Patrick K. H. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Influence of vitamin B-12 and cocultures on the growth of Dehalococcoides isolates in defined medium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; ANAEROBIC MIXED CULTURE; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; SP-NOV; DEHALOSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; BACTERIUM; TRICHLOROETHENE; HYDROGEN AB Bacteria belonging to the genus Dehalococcoides play a key role in the complete detoxification of chloroethenes as these organisms are the only microbes known to be capable of dechlorination beyond dichloroethenes to vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. However, Dehalococcoides strains usually grow slowly with a doubling time of 1 to 2 days and have complex nutritional requirements. Here we describe the growth of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 in a defined mineral salts medium, improved growth of strain 195 when the medium was amended with high concentrations of vitamin B-12, and a strategy for maintaining Dehalococcoides strains on lactate by growing them in consortia. Although strain 195 could grow in defined medium spiked with similar to 0.5 mM trichloroethene (TCE) and 0.001 mg/liter vitamin B-12, the TCE dechlorination and cellular growth rates doubled when the vitamin B-12, concentration was increased 25-fold to 0.025 mg/liter. In addition, the final ratios of ethene to VC increased when the higher vitamin concentration was used, which reflected the key role that cobalamin plays in dechlorination reactions. No further improvement in dechlorination or growth was observed when the vitamin B-12, concentration was increased to more than 0.025 mg/liter. In defined consortia containing strain 195 along with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and/or Acetobacterium woodii and containing lactate as the electron donor, tetrachloroethene (similar to 0.4 mM) was completely dechlorinated to VC and ethene and there was concomitant growth of Dehalococcoides cells. In the cultures that also contained D. desulfuricans and/or A. woodii, strain 195 cells grew to densities that were 1.5 times greater than the densities obtained when the isolate was grown alone. The ratio of ethene to VC was highest in the presence of A. woodii, an organism that generates cobalamin de novo during metabolism. These findings demonstrate that the growth of D. ethenogenes strain 195 in defined medium can be optimized by providing high concentrations of vitamin B-12, and that this strain can be grown to higher densities in cocultures with fermenters that convert lactate to generate the required hydrogen and acetate and that may enhance the availability of vitamin B-12. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 726 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Patrick K H/L-1844-2016 OI Lee, Patrick K H/0000-0003-0911-5317 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04705, P42 ES004705] NR 44 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2847 EP 2853 DI 10.1128/AEM.02574-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 164MQ UT WOS:000246238500011 PM 17337553 ER PT J AU Barns, SM Cain, EC Sommerville, L Kuske, CR AF Barns, Susan M. Cain, Elizabeth C. Sommerville, Leslie Kuske, Cheryl R. TI Acidobactetia phylum sequences in uranium-contaminated subsurface sediments greatly expand the known diversity within the phylum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL; GROUNDWATER; BIOREMEDIATION; AQUIFER; NITRATE; GENES; SOILS AB The abundance and composition of bacteria of the phylum Acidobacteria were surveyed in subsurface sediments from uranium-contaminated sites using amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by clone/sequence analysis. Analysis of sequences from this study and public databases produced a revised and greatly expanded phylogeny of the Acidobacteria phylum consisting of 26 subgroups. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 146 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 3113 EP 3116 DI 10.1128/AEM.02012-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 164MQ UT WOS:000246238500046 PM 17337544 ER PT J AU Podar, M Abulencia, CB Walcher, M Hutchison, D Zengler, K Garcia, JA Holland, T Cotton, D Hauser, L Keller, M AF Podar, Mircea Abulencia, Carl B. Walcher, Marion Hutchison, Don Zengler, Karsten Garcia, Joseph A. Holland, Trevin Cotton, David Hauser, Loren Keller, Martin TI Targeted access to the genomes of low-abundance organisms in complex microbial communities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SINGLE CELLS; DIVISION TM7; IN-SITU; IV PILI; BACTERIA; AMPLIFICATION AB Current metagenomic approaches to the study of complex microbial consortia provide a glimpse into the community metabolism and occasionally allow genomic assemblies for the most abundant organisms. However, little information is gained for the members of the community present at low frequencies, especially those representing yet-uncultured taxa, which include the bulk of the diversity present in most environments. Here we used phylogenetically directed cell separation by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry, followed by amplification and sequencing of a fraction of the genomic DNA of several bacterial cells that belong to the TM7 phylum. Partial genomic assembly allowed, for the first time, a look into the evolution and potential metabolism of a soil representative from this group of organisms for which there are no species in stable laboratory cultures. Genomic reconstruction from targeted cells of uncultured organisms isolated directly from the environment represents a powerful approach to access any specific members of a community and an alternative way to assess the community's metabolic potential. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS-6035, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kellerm@ornl.gov RI Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; OI Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205; Zengler, Karsten/0000-0002-8062-3296 NR 51 TC 139 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3205 EP 3214 DI 10.1128/AEM.02985-06 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500011 PM 17369337 ER PT J AU Letain, TE Kane, SR Legler, TC Salazar, EP Agron, PG Beller, HR AF Letain, Tracy E. Kane, Staci R. Legler, Tina C. Salazar, Edmund P. Agron, Peter G. Beller, Harry R. TI Development of a genetic system for the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEAPOLITANUS; FERROOXIDANS; DERIVATIVES; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; OXIDATION; INSERTION; PLASMIDS; MINERALS AB Thiobacillus denitrificans is a widespread, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium with an unusual and environmentally relevant metabolic repertoire, which includes its ability to couple denitrification to sulfur compound oxidation; to catalyze anaerobic, nitrate-dependent oxidation of Fe(II) and U(IV); and to oxidize mineral electron donors. Recent analysis of its genome sequence also revealed the presence of genes encoding two [NiFe] hydrogenases, whose role in metabolism is unclear, as the sequenced strain does not appear to be able to grow on hydrogen as a sole electron donor under denitrifying conditions. In this study, we report the development of a genetic system for T. denitrificans, with which insertion mutations can be introduced by homologous recombination and complemented in trans. The antibiotic sensitivity of T. denitrificans was characterized, and a procedure for transformation with foreign DNA by electroporation was established. Insertion mutations were generated by in vitro transposition, the mutated genes were amplified by the PCR, and the amplicons were introduced into T. denitrificans by electroporation. The IncP plasmid pRR10 was found to be a useful vector for complementation. The effectiveness of the genetic system was demonstrated with the hynL gene, which encodes the large subunit of a [NiFe]hydrogenase. Interruption of hynL in a hynL::kan mutant resulted in a 75% decrease in specific hydrogenase activity relative to the wild type, whereas complementation of the hynL mutation resulted in activity that was 50% greater than that of the wild type. The availability of a genetic system in T. denitrificans will facilitate our understanding of the genetics and biochemistry underlying its unusual metabolism. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif, Off President, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Kane, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kane11@llnl.gov RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3265 EP 3271 DI 10.1128/AEM.02928-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500018 PM 17337560 ER PT J AU Dhungana, S Anthony, CR Hersman, LE AF Dhungana, Suraj Anthony, Charles R., III Hersman, Larry E. TI Effect of exogenous reductant on growth and iron mobilization from ferrihydrite by the Pseudomonas mendocina ymp strain SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOETHITE DISSOLUTION; SIDEROPHORES; OXALATE; ACQUISITION; SOLUBILITY; KINETICS AB Growth of the Pseudomonas mendocina ymp strain on insoluble ferrihydrite is enhanced by exogenous reductants with concurrent increase in soluble iron concentrations. This shows that exogenous reductants play a substantial role in the overall microbial iron bioavailability. The exogenous reductants may work together with the siderophores, Fe-scavenging agents, to facilitate ferrihydrite dissolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dhungana, S (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dhunganas@niehs.nih.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3428 EP 3430 DI 10.1128/AEM.02586-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500036 PM 17384310 ER PT J AU Zhong, WW Shou, YL Yoshida, TA Marrone, BL AF Zhong, Wenwan Shou, Yulin Yoshida, Thomas A. Marrone, Babetta L. TI Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DIVERSITY AB A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method was developed for discriminating Bacillus anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. A worldwide collection of 25 B. anthracis isolates showed high-profile homology, and these isolates were unambiguously distinguished from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates by cluster analysis of the whole-genome macrorestriction enzyme digestion patterns generated by NotI. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marrone, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blm@lanl.gov OI Yoshida, Thomas/0000-0002-2333-7904 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001315, RR-01315] NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3446 EP 3449 DI 10.1128/AEM.02478-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 170RA UT WOS:000246680500040 PM 17400781 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Cofer, TA AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Cofer, Timothy A. TI Effect of a nonmetabolizable analog of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glycolysis and ethanol production in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycolysis regulation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli; beta-D-fructose structural analog; 2,5-anhydromannitol; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ID ANOMERIC SPECIFICITY; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; SUBSTRATE; FRUCTOKINASE; SITE AB Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2) is an allosteric activator of two key enzymes of glycolysis: phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Regulation of glycolysis in a wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a recombinant Escherichia coli by a dead-end structural analog of F-1,6-P2 was studied. 2,5-Anhydromannitol (2,5-AM), a structural analog of P-D-fructose, was used. On being taken up by the cells, 2,5-AM was converted into its monophosphate and diphosphate by the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The final product, 2,5-anhydromannitol-1,6-bisphosphate, could not be metabolized further and, therefore, accumulated inside the cells. Glucose and fructose were used as substrates. It was found that 2,5-AM at concentrations of 1 MM or less did not have any effect on either substrate consumption or ethanol production. At concentrations of 2,5-AM of 2.5 mM or greater, significant inhibition of both glucose and fructose was observed, with fructose inhibition much more severe. We discuss the possible mechanisms of glycolysis inhibition by 2,5-AM at high concentrations and the regulation of glycolysis by this compound. C1 Martek Biosci Corp, Winchester, KY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Easter Reg Res Ctr, 600 Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 141 IS 2-3 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1007/BF02729071 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 218XG UT WOS:000250048700013 PM 18025560 ER PT J AU Wells, AW Diehl, JR Bromhal, G Strazisar, BR Wilson, TH White, CM AF Wells, Arthur W. Diehl, J. Rodney Bromhal, Grant Strazisar, Brian R. Wilson, Thomas H. White, Curt M. TI The use of tracers to assess leakage from the sequestration of CO2 in a depleted oil reservoir, New Mexico, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MICROSEEPAGE MECHANISMS; GEOLOGICAL MEDIA; GAS MICROSEEPAGE; SITE SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECOVERY; PROJECT; STORAGE; COLORADO AB Geological sequestration of CO2 in depleted oil reservoirs is a potentially useful strategy for greenhouse gas management and can be combined with enhanced oil recovery. Development of methods to estimate CO2 leakage rates is essential to assure that storage objectives are being met at sequestration facilities. Perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) were added as three 12 h slugs at about one week intervals during the injection of 2090 tons of CO2 into the West Pearl Queen (WPQ) depleted oil formation, sequestration pilot study site located in SE New Mexico. The CO2 was injected into the Permian Queen Formation. Leakage was monitored in soil-gas using a matrix of 40 capillary adsorbent tubes (CATs) left in the soil for periods ranging from days to months. The tracers, perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (PDCH), perfluorotrimethylcyclohexane (PTCH) and perfluorodimethylcyclobutane (PDCB), were analyzed using thermal desorption, and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Monitoring was designed to look for immediate leakage, such as at the injection well bore and at nearby wells, and to develop the technology to estimate overall CO2 leak rates based on the use of PFTs. Tracers were detected in soil-gas at the monitoring sites 50 m from the injection well within days of injection. Tracers continued to escape over the following years. Leakage appears to have emanated from the vicinity of the injection well in a radial pattern to about 100 m and in directional patterns to 300 m. Leakage rates were estimated for the 3 tracers from each of the 4 sets of CATs in place following the start of CO2 injection. Leakage was fairly uniform during this period. As a first approximation, the CO2 leak rate was estimated at about 0.0085% of the total CO2 sequestered per annum. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Parsons Corp, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP White, CM (reprint author), Parsons Corp, PO Box 618, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. EM cwhite@netl.doe.gov NR 33 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.01.002 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 181UC UT WOS:000247460600008 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Operational discretization SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE operational equations; interpolation; discretization; curves; differentiation AB Operational interpolating equations for rectangles and diamonds are applied to the discretization of three equidistant curvilinear data. The equations can be used instead of three-point formulas for differentiation and integration. The methods are easy to apply and yield a greater variety of representations than customarily found in textbooks. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 188 IS 1 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.10.002 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 177ZT UT WOS:000247191700053 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Operational center points SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE operational equations; interpolation; central tendency; mean; median ID GRIDS AB Operational equations are used to estimate the center of repeated attempts to measure an effect. The estimates can be obtained in more than one way. On trial data with known center points, the operational methods are commonly superior to the mean and the median as estimates of central tendency. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 188 IS 1 BP 1042 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.10.064 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 177ZT UT WOS:000247191700114 ER PT J AU Michelsen, HA Liu, F Kock, BF Bladh, H Boiarciuc, A Charwath, M Dreier, T Hadef, R Hofmann, M Reimann, J Will, S Bengtsson, PE Bockhorn, H Foucher, F Geigle, KP Mounaim-Rousselle, C Schulz, C Stirn, R Tribalet, B Suntz, R AF Michelsen, H. A. Liu, F. Kock, B. F. Bladh, H. Boiarciuc, A. Charwath, M. Dreier, T. Hadef, R. Hofmann, M. Reimann, J. Will, S. Bengtsson, P.-E. Bockhorn, H. Foucher, F. Geigle, K.-P. Mounaim-Rousselle, C. Schulz, C. Stirn, R. Tribalet, B. Suntz, R. TI Modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot: a summary and comparison of LII models SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENTS; LOW-FLUENCE LII; VOLUME FRACTION; THERMAL ACCOMMODATION; TRANSITION REGIME; GAS TEMPERATURES; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; HEAT-CONDUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We have performed a comparison of ten models that predict the temporal behavior of laser-induced incandescence (LII) of soot. In this paper we present a summary of the models and comparisons of calculated temperatures, diameters, signals, and energy-balance terms. The models were run assuming laser heating at 532 nm at fluences of 0.05 and 0.70 J/cm(2) with a laser temporal profile provided. Calculations were performed for a single primary particle with a diameter of 30 nm at an ambient temperature of 1800 K and a pressure of 1 bar. Preliminary calculations were performed with a fully constrained model. The comparison of unconstrained models demonstrates a wide spread in calculated LII signals. Many of the differences can be attributed to the values of a few important parameters, such as the refractive-index function E(m) and thermal and mass accommodation coefficients. Constraining these parameters brings most of the models into much better agreement with each other, particularly for the low-fluence case. Agreement among models is not as good for the high-fluence case, even when selected parameters are constrained. The reason for greater variability in model results at high fluence appears to be related to solution approaches to mass and heat loss by sublimation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Duisburg Essen, IVG, Duisburg, Germany. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, Lund, Sweden. Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Larbi Ben Hidi, Inst Genie Mecan, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria. Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. DLR, Inst Combust Technol, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hamiche@sandia.gov RI Bladh, Henrik/A-4991-2009; Schulz, Christof/A-5711-2010; Foucher, Fabrice/C-4043-2013; Dreier, Thomas/S-6278-2016; Will, Stefan/A-8899-2017; OI Bladh, Henrik/0000-0003-1374-5792; Schulz, Christof/0000-0002-6879-4826; Foucher, Fabrice/0000-0001-8469-8546; Dreier, Thomas/0000-0001-8313-4992; Will, Stefan/0000-0002-1226-0075; mounaim-rousselle, christine/0000-0001-9619-7001 NR 65 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 503 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s00340-007-2619-5 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 166MU UT WOS:000246383800019 ER PT J AU Burr, T Gattiker, JR Myers, K Tompkins, G AF Burr, Tom Gattiker, James R. Myers, Kary Tompkins, George TI Alarm criteria in radiation portal monitoring SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE alarm criteria; passive gamma-counting; background suppression; experimental design; sequential testing; border security ID BORDER CROSSINGS AB Gamma detectors at border crossings are intended to detect illicit nuclear material. These detectors collect counts that are used to deten-nine whether to trigger an alarm. Several candidate alarm rules are evaluated, with attention to background suppression caused by the vehicle. Because the count criterion leads to many nuisance alarms and because background suppression by the vehicle is smaller for ratios of counts, analysis of a ratio criterion is included. Detection probability results that consider the effects of 5 factors are given for 2 signal-injection studies,1 for counts, and 1 for count ratios. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Decis Support Syst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov OI Myers, Kary/0000-0002-5642-959X NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 65 IS 5 BP 569 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.11.010 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 153VG UT WOS:000245463700017 PM 17349795 ER PT J AU Munson, CA Kelepouris, L Baker, GA Baker, SN Blanchard, GJ Bright, FV AF Munson, Chase A. Kelepouris, Lee Baker, Gary A. Baker, Sheila N. Blanchard, Gary J. Bright, Frank V. TI On the behavior of indole-containing species sequestered within reverse micelles at sub-zero temperatures SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; human serum albumin; HSA; N-acetyl tryptophanamide; NATA; reverse micelles; aerosol OT; AOT; temperature ID HUMAN-SERUM-ALBUMIN; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; PHASE-FLUOROMETRY; MICROEMULSIONS AB We report on the effects of temperature (+30 to -100 degrees C) on the fluorescence from N-acetyl tryptophanamide (NATA) and human serum albumin (HSA) sequestered within Aerosol-OT (AOT) reversed micelles. NATA reports simultaneously from the polar and non-polar side of the reverse micelle interface. As the sample temperature decreases, the relative fraction of NATA molecules associated with the polar side increases. This redistribution process is characterized by Delta H = -14.8 +/- 0.6 kJ/mol and Delta S = -54 +/- 2 J/(K mol). The activation energy for thermal quenching (E-a,(TQ)) associated with the polar side NATA molecules is 6.7 kJ/mol before the micelles have shed water and 1.0 kJ/mol after water shedding (below approximately -20 degrees C). The time-resolved fluorescence intensity decay for tryptophan-214 in HSA is triple exponential. We suggest that these lifetimes arise from three indole residue conformations in equilibrium. Cooling the sample causes a freezing-in of the least quenched conformer; the other conformers are frozen out. The E-a,E-TQ value for the shortest lifetime component is 6 kJ/mol. The E-a,E-TQ for the long and intermediate lifetime components are equivalent (similar to 1.5 kJ/mol). C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Innovations, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. RP Bright, FV (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM chefvb@buffalo.edu RI Blanchard, Gary/E-5393-2010; Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 NR 71 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 61 IS 5 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1366/000370207780807795 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 167EI UT WOS:000246433600012 PM 17555624 ER PT J AU Harbottle, G Holmes, L AF Harbottle, G. Holmes, L. TI The history of the Brookhaven National Laboratory Project in archaeological chemistry, and applying nuclear methods to the fine arts SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE NAA; Brookhaven National Laboratory; standards; art history; archaeology; limestone; laboratory history ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; STANDARDS; ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; GLASS; BC AB This paper traces the events leading up to the formation of a project in 1954, in the Chemistry Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory, dedicated to the application of those new developments that were rapidly transforming postwar nuclear science to the parallel humanistic disciplines of archaeology and the fine arts. The further evolution of this effort involved the enlightened support of the Department of Energy (then AEC and ERDA) coupled with the lively interests of the archaeological, fine-arts and art-historical communities, their professional academics and the many graduate and undergraduate students who participated in the Brookhaven project. But more than new scientific methodologies, concepts and instrumentation were deployed. What developed was a large-scale, truly interdisciplinary effort, where scholars of the humanities and sciences worked side by side in a remarkable way, each led by the other, to the mutual benefit and increase of their knowledge and understanding. A paradigm of co-operation between arts and sciences was initiated: this paper presents a record of the process and its outcome, a novel blending of science and humanism that is very much taken for granted by research workers today. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Harbottle, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0003-813X EI 1475-4754 J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00295.x PN 2 PG 15 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 174BC UT WOS:000246915200002 ER PT J AU Asaro, F Adan-Bayewitz, D AF Asaro, F. Adan-Bayewitz, D. TI The history of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory instrumental neutron activation analysis programme for archaeological and geological materials SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; laboratory history; Isadore Perlman; instrumental neutron activation analysis; high-precision X-ray fluorescence analysis; analysis of geological materials; Pottery Provenance; chronological differentiation; silver ID POTTERY PROVENANCE; OBSIDIAN SOURCES; SEPPHORIS; IDENTIFICATION; EXCAVATIONS; DETECTORS; ARTIFACTS; LOCATION; SHIKHIN; MEMNON AB The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory pottery provenance group developed standards and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) methods that are used at many archaeometry laboratories around the world. The background and development of 'Standard Pottery' and of methods for INAA are described. Early pottery provenance studies are described, and other research programmes, involving obsidian and magmatic mixing, the origin of the stone used for the Colossi of Memnon, and the 'Plate of Brass', are mentioned. Research work by the Laboratory included the discovery of the world-wide iridium anomaly and extensive subsequent research on what has come to be known as the 'Asteroid Impact Theory'. Characteristics of the analytical programme for pottery provenance work, including overall aims, precision and accuracy, intercalibration, and irradiation and measurement protocols, are discussed. New research areas developed in the past 15 years, to broaden the usefulness of chemical compositional data for archaeological investigation, and examples of recent work, are described. This research, which makes use of high-precision X-ray fluorescence analysis in addition to INAA measurements on sample splits, includes distinguishing the products of different workshops located at the same production site, studies on the significance of the distribution of silver in archaeological pottery and the use of high-precision chemical compositional data as an aid for making chronological distinctions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Martin Szusz Dept Land Israel Studies Archaeol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Adan-Bayewitz, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-813X J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00296.x PN 2 PG 14 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 174BC UT WOS:000246915200003 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Lawrence, T Ofer, D Brodrick, J AF Zogg, Robert Lawrence, Tyson Ofer, David Brodrick, James TI Distributed Energy Storage SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 IS 5 BP 90 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 168RE UT WOS:000246540900018 ER PT J AU Konopacky, QM Ghez, AM Duchene, G McCabe, C MacIntosh, BA AF Konopacky, Q. M. Ghez, A. M. Duchene, G. McCabe, C. MacIntosh, B. A. TI Measuring the mass of a pre-main-sequence binary star through the orbit of TWA 5A SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (TWA 5A); stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; YOUNG STARS; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; CLUSTER; MEMBERS; TELESCOPE; SYSTEMS; IMAGES AB We present the results of a 5 yr monitoring campaign of the close binary TWA 5Aab in the TW Hydrae association, using speckle and adaptive optics on the W. M. Keck 10 m telescopes. These measurements were taken as part of our ongoing monitoring of pre-main-sequence (PMS) binaries in an effort to increase the number of dynamically determined PMS masses and thereby calibrate the theoretical PMS evolutionary tracks. Our observations have allowed us to obtain the first determination of this system's astrometric orbit. We find an orbital period of 5.94 +/- 0.09 yr and a semimajor axis of 0.066 '' +/- 0.005 ''. Combining these results with a kinematic distance, we calculate a total mass of 0.71 +/- 0.14 M(circle dot) (D/44 pc)(3) for this system. This mass measurement, as well as the estimated age of this system, is consistent to within 2 sigma of all theoretical models considered. In this analysis we properly account for correlated uncertainties, and we show that while these correlations are generally ignored, they increase the formal uncertainties by up to a factor of 5 and therefore are important to incorporate. With only a few more years of observation, this type of measurement will allow the theoretical models to be distinguished. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Konopacky, QM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM quinn@astro.ucla.edu; ghez@astro.ucla.edu; gaspard.duchene@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; mccabe@jpl.nasa.gov; bmac@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 133 IS 5 BP 2008 EP 2014 DI 10.1086/513010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 165XY UT WOS:000246342200017 ER PT J AU De Propris, R Stanford, SA Eisenhardt, PR Holden, BP Rosati, P AF De Propris, Roberto Stanford, S. A. Eisenhardt, Peter R. Holden, Brad P. Rosati, Piero TI The rest-frame K-band luminosity function of galaxies in clusters to z=1.3 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FUNDAMENTAL-PLANE; STELLAR MASS; RED GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; COMA CLUSTER; QSO SURVEY AB We derive the rest-frame K-band luminosity function for galaxies in 32 clusters at 0: 6 < z < 1: 3 using deep 3.6 and 4.5 mu m imaging from the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera. The luminosity functions approximate the stellar mass function of the cluster galaxies. Their dependence on redshift indicates that massive cluster galaxies ( to the characteristic luminosityM(K)(*)) are fully assembled at least at z similar to 1.3 and that little significant accretion takes place at later times. The existence of massive, highly evolved galaxies at these epochs is likely to represent a significant challenge to theories of hierarchical structure formation where such objects are formed by the late accretion of spheroidal systems at z < 1. C1 Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95604 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP De Propris, R (reprint author), Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. NR 70 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 133 IS 5 BP 2209 EP 2215 DI 10.1086/513516 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 165XY UT WOS:000246342200034 ER PT J AU Siegler, N Close, LM Burgasser, AJ Cruz, KL Marois, C Macintosh, B Barman, T AF Siegler, Nick Close, Laird M. Burgasser, Adam J. Cruz, Kelle L. Marois, Christian Macintosh, Bruce Barman, Travis TI Discovery of a 66 mas ultracool binary with laser guide star adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; stars : individual (2MASS J21321145+1341584) stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INFRARED FILTER SET; SPECTRAL TYPE-L; BROWN DWARF; L/T TRANSITION; T-DWARFS; COOL NEIGHBORS; L-SUBDWARF; MULTIPLICITY; 2MASS AB We present the discovery of 2MASS J21321145+1341584AB as a closely separated (0.066 ''), very low mass field dwarf binary, resolved in the near-infrared by the Keck II telescope using laser guide star adaptive optics. Physical association is deduced from the angular proximity of the components and constraints on their common proper motion. We have obtained a near-infrared spectrum of the binary and find that it is best described by an L5 +/- 0.5 primary and an L7.5 +/- 0.5 secondary. Model-dependent masses predict that the two components straddle the hydrogen-burning limit threshold, with the primary likely stellar and the secondary likely substellar. The properties of this system - close projected separation (1.8 +/- 0.3 AU) and near-unity mass ratio - are consistent with previous results for very low mass field binaries. The relatively short estimated orbital period of this system (similar to 7-12 yr) makes it a good target for dynamical mass measurements. It is interesting to note that the system's angular separation is the tightest yet for any very low mass binary published from a ground-based telescope and that it is the tightest binary discovered with laser guide star adaptive optics to date. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst AStrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L 413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Siegler, N (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Cruz, Kelle/0000-0002-1821-0650 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 133 IS 5 BP 2320 EP 2326 DI 10.1086/513273 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 165XY UT WOS:000246342200042 ER PT J AU Ashdown, MAJ Baccigalupi, C Balbi, A Bartlett, JG Borrill, J Cantalupo, C de Gasperis, G Gorski, KM Hivon, E Keihanen, E Kurki-Suonio, H Lawrence, CR Natoli, P Poutanen, T Prunet, S Reinecke, M Stompor, R Wandelt, B AF Ashdown, M. A. J. Baccigalupi, C. Balbi, A. Bartlett, J. G. Borrill, J. Cantalupo, C. de Gasperis, G. Gorski, K. M. Hivon, E. Keihanen, E. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lawrence, C. R. Natoli, P. Poutanen, T. Prunet, S. Reinecke, M. Stompor, R. Wandelt, B. CA Planck CTP Working Grp TI Making sky maps from Planck data SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : cosmic microwave background; methods : data analysis ID SCANNING STRATEGY; MAKING ALGORITHM; CMB EXPERIMENTS; 1/F NOISE; MICROWAVE; SURVEYOR AB Aims. We compare the performance of multiple codes written by different groups for making polarized maps from Planck-sized, all-sky cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. Three of the codes are based on a destriping algorithm; the other three are implementations of an optimal maximum-likelihood algorithm. Methods. Time-ordered data (TOD) were simulated using the Planck Level-S simulation pipeline. Several cases of temperature-only data were run to test that the codes could handle large datasets, and to explore effects such as the precision of the pointing data. Based on these preliminary results, TOD were generated for a set of four 217 GHz detectors (the minimum number required to produce I, Q, and U maps) under two different scanning strategies, with and without noise. Results. Following correction of various problems revealed by the early simulation, all codes were able to handle the large data volume that Planck will produce. Differences in maps produced are small but noticeable; differences in computing resources are large. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, CEA, Observ Paris, CNRS,UMR 7164, F-75221 Paris 05, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ashdown, MAJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM maja1@mrao.cam.ac.uk RI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; OI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; WANDELT, Benjamin/0000-0002-5854-8269; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 467 IS 2 BP 761 EP 775 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065829 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 167BF UT WOS:000246424900040 ER PT J AU Ly, C Walker, RC Junor, W AF Ly, Chun Walker, R. Craig Junor, William TI High-frequency VLBI imaging of the jet base of M87 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; RADIO JET; GALAXY M87; ACCRETION; RESOLUTION; DRIVEN; MOTION; DISK AB uVLBA and Global VLBI observations of M87 at 43 GHz, some new and some previously published, are used to study the structural evolution of the jet with a spatial resolution of under 100 Schwarzs child radii. The images, taken between 1999 and 2004, have an angular resolution of 0.00043" x 0.00021". An edge-brightened jet structure and an indication of a large opening angle at the jet base are seen in all five epochs. In addition, a probable counterjet is seen in the latter three epochs. A 22 GHz VLBA image also confirms many of the structures seen at the higher frequency, including the counterjet. A comparison of the counterjet flux density at 22 and 43 GHz reveals that it is not free-free absorbed at these frequencies. Attempts to obtain speeds from the proper motions of jet and counterjet components indicate that these observations are undersampled. The closest pair of images gives apparent speeds of (0.25-0.40)c for the jet and 0.17c for the counterjet. These speeds should be treated as lower limits because of possible errors in associating components between epochs. If they are real, they indicate that the jet is oriented 30 degrees - 45 degrees from the line of sight and that the component speeds along the jet are (0.3-0.5) c. Using the jet orientation derived from proper motions, the spectral index of the counterjet, and a jet-to-counterjet brightness ratio of 14.4, the inferred bulk flow is (0.6-0.7)c, which, given the considerable uncertainties in how to measure the brightness ratio, is not significantly larger than the component speed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ly, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Ly, Chun/0000-0002-4245-2318 NR 38 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1086/512846 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700013 ER PT J AU Koester, BP Mckay, TA Annis, J Wechsler, RH Evrard, AE Rozo, E Bleem, L Sheldon, ES Johnston, D AF Koester, Benjamin P. McKay, Timothy A. Annis, James Wechsler, Risa H. Evrard, August E. Rozo, Eduardo Bleem, Lindsey Sheldon, Erin S. Johnston, David TI MaxBCG: A red-sequence galaxy cluster finder SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; TO-LIGHT RATIO; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; DISTANT CLUSTERS AB Measurements of galaxy cluster abundances, clustering properties, and mass-to-light ratios in current and future surveys can provide important cosmological constraints. Digital wide-field imaging surveys, the recently demonstrated fidelity of red-sequence cluster detection techniques, and a new generation of realistic mock galaxy surveys provide the means for construction of large, cosmologically interesting cluster samples, whose selection and properties can be understood in unprecedented depth. Here we present the details of the "maxBCG'' algorithm, a cluster detection technique tailored to multiband CCD imaging data. MaxBCG primarily relies on an observational cornerstone of massive galaxy clusters: they are marked by an overdensity of bright, uniformly red galaxies. This detection scheme also exploits classical brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), which are often found at the centers of these same massive clusters. We study the algorithm through its performance on large, realistic, mock galaxy catalogs, which reveal that it is over 90% pure for clusters at 0.1 < z < 0.3 with 10 or more red galaxies, and over 90% complete for halos at 0.1 < z < 0.3 with masses above 2 x 10(14) h(-1) M-circle dot. MaxBCG is able to approximately recover the underlying halo abundance function and assign cluster richnesses strongly coupled to the underlying halo properties. The same tests indicate that maxBCG rarely fragments halos, occasionally overmerges line-of-sight neighboring (similar or equal to 10 h(-1) Mpc) halos, and overestimates the intrinsic halo red-sequence galaxy population by no more than 20%. The study concludes with a discussion of considerations for cosmological measurements with such catalogs, including modeling the selection function, the role of photometric errors, the possible cosmological dependence of richness measurements, and fair cluster selection across broad redshift ranges employing multiple bandpasses. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Koester, BP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM bkoester@umich.edu; tamckay@umich.edu RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X NR 115 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1086/512092 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700016 ER PT J AU Koester, BP Mckay, TA Annis, J Wechsler, RH Evrard, A Bleem, L Becker, M Johnston, D Sheldon, E Nichol, R Miller, C Scranton, R Bahcall, N Barentine, J Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Schneider, DP Sneddin, S Voges, W York, D AF Koester, B. P. Mckay, T. A. Annis, J. Wechsler, R. H. Evrard, A. Bleem, L. Becker, M. Johnston, D. Sheldon, E. Nichol, R. Miller, C. Scranton, R. Bahcall, N. Barentine, J. Brewington, H. Brinkmann, J. Harvanek, M. Kleinman, S. Krzesinski, J. Long, D. Nitta, A. Schneider, D. P. Sneddin, S. Voges, W. York, D. TI A MaxBCG catalog of 13,823 galaxy clusters from the sloan digital sky survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; WEAK-LENSING MEASUREMENTS; SDSS COMMISSIONING DATA; BRIGHT SHARC SURVEY; X-RAY; RICH CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; ABELL CLUSTERS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION AB We present a catalog of galaxy clusters selected using the maxBCG red-sequence method from Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric data. This catalog includes 13,823 clusters with velocity dispersions greater than approximate to 400 km s(-1) and is the largest galaxy cluster catalog assembled to date. They are selected in an approximately volume-limited way from a 0.5 Gpc(3) region covering 7500 deg(2) of sky between redshifts 0.1 and 0.3. Each cluster contains between 10 and 190 E/S0 ridgeline galaxies brighter than 0.4L(*) within a scaled radius R-200. The tight relation between ridgeline color and redshift provides an accurate photometric redshift estimate for every cluster. Photometric redshift errors are shown by comparison to spectroscopic redshifts to be small (Delta(z) similar or equal to 0.01), essentially independent of redshift, and well determined throughout the redshift range. Runs of maxBCG on realistic mock catalogs suggest that the sample is more than 90% pure and more than 85% complete for clusters with masses >= 1 x 10(14) M-circle dot. Spectroscopic measurements of cluster members are used to examine line-of-sight projection as a contaminant in the identification of brightest cluster galaxies and cluster member galaxies. Spectroscopic data are also used to demonstrate the correlation between optical richness and velocity dispersion. Comparison to the combined NORAS and REFLEX X-ray-selected cluster catalogs shows that X-ray-luminous clusters are found among the optically richer maxBCG clusters. This paper is the first in a series that will consider the properties of these clusters, their galaxy populations, and their implications for cosmology. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravit, Portsmouth, Hants, England. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, Krakow, Poland. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Koester, BP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bkoester@umich.edu; tamckay@umich.edu RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X; Becker, Matthew/0000-0001-7774-2246 NR 118 TC 368 Z9 368 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1086/509599 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700017 ER PT J AU Pollack, LK Max, CE Schneider, G AF Pollack, L. K. Max, C. E. Schneider, G. TI Circumnuclear star clusters in the galaxy merger NGC 6240, observed with Keck adaptive optics and the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; INFRARED GALAXIES; NGC 6240; INTERSTELLAR DUST; STARBURSTS; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; HYDROGEN; NUCLEUS AB We discuss images of the central similar to 10 kpc (in projection) of the galaxy merger NGC 6240 at H and K' bands, taken with the NIRC2 narrow camera on Keck II using natural guide star adaptive optics. We detect 28 star clusters in the NIRC2 images, of which only 7 can be seen in the similar spatial resolution, archival WFPC2 Planetary Camera data at either B or I band. Combining the NIRC2 narrow camera pointings with wider NICMOS NIC2 images taken with the F110W, F160W, and F222M filters, we identify a total of 32 clusters that are detected in at least one of these five infrared (lambda(c) > 1 mu m) bandpasses. By comparing to instantaneous burst, stellar population synthesis models (Bruzual & Charlot), we estimate that most of the clusters are consistent with being similar to 15 Myr old and have photometric masses ranging from 7 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(7) M-circle dot. The total contribution to the star formation rate (SFR) from these clusters is approximately 10 M-circle dot yr (1), or similar to 10% of the total SFR in the nuclear region. We use these newly discovered clusters to estimate the extinction toward NGC 6240's double nuclei and find values of A(V) as high as 14 mag along some sight lines, with an average extinction of AV similar to 7 mag toward sight lines within similar to 3" of the double nuclei. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pollack, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pollack@ucolick.org; max@ucolick.org; gschneider@as.arizona.edu OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1086/512777 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700021 ER PT J AU Lafreniere, D Marois, C Doyon, R Nadeau, D Artigau, E AF Lafreniere, David Marois, Christian Doyon, Rene Nadeau, Daniel Artigau, Etienne TI A new algorithm for point-spread function subtraction in high-contrast imaging: A demonstration with angular differential imaging SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; planetary systems; stars : imaging; techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : image processing ID FINE GUIDANCE SENSOR; SPECKLE NOISE; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; COMPANIONS; CORONAGRAPHY; SYSTEM; LIMITS; VEGA AB Direct imaging of exoplanets is limited by bright quasi-static speckles in the point-spread function (PSF) of the central star. This limitation can be reduced by subtraction of reference PSF images. We have developed an algorithm to construct an optimized reference PSF image from a set of reference images. This image is built as a linear combination of the reference images available, and the coefficients of the combination are optimized inside multiple subsections of the image independently to minimize the residual noise within each subsection. The algorithm developed can be used with many high-contrast imaging observing strategies relying on PSF subtraction, such as angular differential imaging (ADI), roll subtraction, spectral differential imaging, and reference star observations. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated for ADI data. It is shown that for this type of data the new algorithm provides C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Observ Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L 413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Assoc Univ Res Astron Inc, Gemini Observ, So Operat Ctr, La Serena, Chile. RP Lafreniere, D (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. OI Lafreniere, David/0000-0002-6780-4252 NR 17 TC 269 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 770 EP 780 DI 10.1086/513180 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700065 ER PT J AU Kasper, JC Stevens, ML Lazarus, AJ Steinberg, JT Ogilvie, KW AF Kasper, Justin C. Stevens, Michael L. Lazarus, Alan J. Steinberg, John T. Ogilvie, Keith. W. TI Solar wind helium abundance as a function of speed and heliographic latitude: Variation through a solar cycle SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; plasmas; sun : abundances; sun : corona; sun : fundamental parameters ID DIFFERENTIAL FLOW; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MINOR IONS; ACCELERATION; PARTICLES; PROTONS; 0.3-AU; CORONA; 1-AU AB We present a study of the variation of the relative abundance of helium to hydrogen in the solar wind as a function of solar wind speed and heliographic latitude over the previous solar cycle. The average values of A(He), the ratio of helium to hydrogen number densities, are calculated in 25 speed intervals over (similar to 27 day) Carrington rotations using Faraday cup observations from the Wind spacecraft between 1995 and 2005. We find that for solar wind speeds between 350 and 415 km s(-1), AHe varies with a clear 6 month periodicity, with a minimum value at the heliographic equatorial plane and a typical gradient of 1% per degree in latitude. Once the gradient is subtracted, we find that AHe is a remarkably linear function of solar wind speed. We identify the implied speed at which A(He) is zero as 259 +/- 12 km s(-1) and note that this speed corresponds to the minimum solar wind speed observed at 1 AU. The vanishing speed may be related to previous theoretical work in which enhancements of coronal helium lead to stagnation of the escaping proton flux. During solar maximum the A(He) dependences on speed and latitude disappear, and we interpret this as evidence of two source regions for slow solar wind in the ecliptic plane, one being the solar minimum streamer belt and the other likely being active regions. C1 MIT, Kavili Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kasper, JC (reprint author), MIT, Kavili Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jck@mit.edu RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010 OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1086/510842 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700077 ER PT J AU Conselice, CJ Newman, JA Georgakakis, A Almaini, O Coil, AL Cooper, MC Eisenhardt, P Foucaud, S Koekemoer, A Lotz, J Noeske, K Weiner, B Willmer, CNA AF Conselice, C. J. Newman, J. A. Georgakakis, A. Almaini, O. Coil, A. L. Cooper, M. C. Eisenhardt, P. Foucaud, S. Koekemoer, A. Lotz, J. Noeske, K. Weiner, B. Willmer, C. N. A. TI AEGIS: The diversity of bright near-IR-selected distant red galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; MASSIVE GALAXIES; FIELD GALAXIES; MORPHOLOGY; HISTORIES; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; DENSITY AB We use deep and wide near-infrared (NIR) imaging from the Palomar telescope combined with DEEP2 spectroscopy and HST and Chandra imaging to investigate the nature of galaxies that are red in NIR colors. We locate these "distant red galaxies" (DRGs) through the color cut (J - K)(Vega) > 2.5 over 0.7 deg(2), where we find 1010 DRG candidates down to K-s = 20.5. We combine 95 high-quality spectroscopic redshifts with photometric redshifts from BRIJK photometry to determine the redshift and stellar mass distributions for these systems, and the morphological/structural and X-ray properties for 107 DRGs in the Extended Groth Strip. We find that many bright (J - K)(Vega) > 2.3 galaxies with K-s < 20.5 are at redshifts z <2, with 64% in the range 1 < z < 2. The stellar mass distributions for these galaxies are broad, ranging from 10(9) to 10(12) M-circle dot, but with most z > 2 systems being massive with M-* > 10(11) M-circle dot. HST imaging shows that the structural properties and morphologies of DRGs are also diverse, with the majority elliptical/compact (57%) and the remainder edge-on spiral (7%) and peculiar (29%). The DRGs at z < 1.4 with high-quality spectroscopic redshifts are generally compact, with small half-light radii, and span a range in rest-frame optical properties. The spectral energy distribution for the DRGs at z < 1.4 differs from higher redshift DRGs: they are bluer by 1 mag in observed (I - J) color. A pure IR color selection of high-redshift populations is not sufficient to identify unique populations, and other colors or spectroscopic redshifts are needed to produce homogeneous samples. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Conselice, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Weiner, Benjamin/0000-0001-6065-7483; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/517921 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700014 ER PT J AU Davis, M Guhathakurta, P Konidaris, NP Newman, JA Ashby, MLN Biggs, AD Barmby, P Bundy, K Chapman, SC Coil, AL Conselice, CJ Cooper, MC Croton, DJ Eisenhardt, PRM Ellis, RS Faber, SM Fang, T Fazio, GG Georgakakis, A Gerke, BF Goss, WM Gwyn, S Harker, J Hopkins, AM Huang, JS Ivison, RJ Kassin, SA Kirby, EN Koekemoer, AM Koo, DC Laird, ES Le Floc'h, E Lin, L Lotz, JM Marshall, PJ Martin, DC Metevier, AJ Moustakas, LA Nandra, K Noeske, KG Papovich, C Phillips, AC Rich, RM Rieke, GH Rigopoulou, D Salim, S Schiminovich, D Simard, L Smail, I Small, TA Weiner, BJ Willmer, CNA Willner, SP Wilson, G Wright, EL Yan, R AF Davis, M. Guhathakurta, P. Konidaris, N. P. Newman, J. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Biggs, A. D. Barmby, P. Bundy, K. Chapman, S. C. Coil, A. L. Conselice, C. J. Cooper, M. C. Croton, D. J. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Ellis, R. S. Faber, S. M. Fang, T. Fazio, G. G. Georgakakis, A. Gerke, B. F. Goss, W. M. Gwyn, S. Harker, J. Hopkins, A. M. Huang, J.-S. Ivison, R. J. Kassin, S. A. Kirby, E. N. Koekemoer, A. M. Koo, D. C. Laird, E. S. Le Floc'h, E. Lin, L. Lotz, J. M. Marshall, P. J. Martin, D. C. Metevier, A. J. Moustakas, L. A. Nandra, K. Noeske, K. G. Papovich, C. Phillips, A. C. Rich, R. M. Rieke, G. H. Rigopoulou, D. Salim, S. Schiminovich, D. Simard, L. Smail, I. Small, T. A. Weiner, B. J. Willmer, C. N. A. Willner, S. P. Wilson, G. Wright, E. L. Yan, R. TI The All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS) data sets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : photometry; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; FRANCE-HAWAII-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; DEEP2 REDSHIFT SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION RATE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOURCE EXTRACTION; GALAXY EVOLUTION; WESTPHAL STRIP AB In this the first of a series of Letters, we present a panchromatic data set in the Extended Groth Strip region of the sky. Our survey, the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS), aims to study the physical properties and evolutionary processes of galaxies at. It includes the following deep, wide-field imaging data sets: z similar to 1 Chandra/ACIS X-ray, GALEX ultraviolet, CFHT/MegaCam Legacy Survey optical, CFHT/CFH12K optical, Hubble Space Telescope/ACS optical and NICMOS near-infrared, Palomar/WIRC near-infrared, Spitzer/IRAC mid-infrared, Spitzer/MIPS far-infrared, and VLA radio continuum. In addition, this region of the sky has been targeted for extensive spectroscopy using the Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) on the Keck II 10 m telescope. Our survey is compared to other large multiwavelength surveys in terms of depth and sky coverage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Royal Observ, United Kingdom Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG9 2RD, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Assoc Canadian Univ Res Astron, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Natl Res Council, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdavis@berkeley.edu RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Weiner, Benjamin/0000-0001-6065-7483; Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Kirby, Evan/0000-0001-6196-5162; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 60 TC 268 Z9 271 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L1 EP L6 DI 10.1086/517931 PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700001 ER PT J AU Fang, TT Gerke, BF Davis, DS Newman, JA Davis, M Nandra, K Laird, ES Koo, DC Coil, AL Cooper, MC Croton, DJ Yan, RB AF Fang, Taotao Gerke, Brian F. Davis, David S. Newman, Jeffrey A. Davis, Marc Nandra, Kirpal Laird, Elise S. Koo, David C. Coil, Alison L. Cooper, Michael C. Croton, Darren J. Yan, Renbin TI AEGIS: Chandra observation of DEEP2 galaxy groups and clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe; surveys; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID OPTICALLY SELECTED CLUSTERS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; COOLING FLOWS; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; CL-1604+4304; SYSTEMS; Z=0.90; MASS AB We present a 200 ks Chandra observation of seven spectroscopically selected, high-redshift (0.75 < z < 1.03) galaxy groups and clusters discovered by the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey in the Extended Groth Strip. Xray emission at the locations of these systems is consistent with background. The 3 sigma upper limits on the bolometric X-ray luminosities (L-X) of these systems put a strong constraint on the relation between and the L-X and the velocity dispersion of member galaxies sigma(gal) at z similar to 1; the DEEP2 systems have lower luminosity than would be predicted by the local relation. Our result is consistent with recent findings that at high redshift, optically selected clusters tend to be X-ray-underluminous. A comparison with mock catalogs indicates that it is unlikely that this effect is entirely caused by a measurement bias between and the dark matter velocity dispersion. Physically, the DEEP2 systems may still be in the process of forming and hence not fully virialized, or they may be deficient in hot gas compared to local systems. We find only one possibly extended source in this Chandra field, which happens to lie outside the DEEP2 coverage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AW, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys & Astron, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fang, TT (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM fangt@uci.edu; ddavis@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/517924 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700007 ER PT J AU Georgakakis, A Nandra, K Laird, ES Cooper, MC Gerke, BF Newman, JA Croton, DJ Davis, M Faber, SM Coil, AL AF Georgakakis, A. Nandra, K. Laird, E. S. Cooper, M. C. Gerke, B. F. Newman, J. A. Croton, D. J. Davis, M. Faber, S. M. Coil, A. L. TI AEGIS: The environment of X-ray sources at z approximate to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : structure; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DEEP CHANDRA SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES; DATA RELEASE; GROTH STRIP; DEPENDENCE AB We explore the environment of z approximate to 1 AGNs using a sample of 53 spectroscopically identified X-ray sources in the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey. We quantify the local density in the vicinity of an X-ray source by measuring the projected surface density of spectroscopically identified optical galaxies within a radius defined by the third-nearest neighbor. Our main result is that X-ray-selected AGNs at z approximate to 1 avoid underdense regions at a 99.89% confidence level. Moreover, although we find that the overall population shares the same (rich) environment with optical galaxies of the similar and U - B and M-B, there is also tentative evidence (96%) that AGNs with blue colors (U - B less than or similar to 1) reside in denser environments compared to optical galaxies. We argue that the results above are a consequence of the whereabouts of massive galaxies capable of hosting supermassive black holes at their centers, with available cold-gas reservoirs, the fuel for AGN activity. At z approximate to 1 an increasing fraction of such systems is found in dense regions. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Georgakakis, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM age@imperial.ac.uk RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; OI Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L15 EP L18 DI 10.1086/517920 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700004 ER PT J AU Gerke, BF Newman, JA Lotz, J Yan, RB Barmby, P Coil, AL Conselice, CJ Ivison, RJ Lin, LW Koo, DC Nandra, K Salim, S Small, T Weiner, BJ Cooper, MC Davis, M Faber, SM Guhathakurta, P AF Gerke, Brian F. Newman, Jeffrey A. Lotz, Jennifer Yan, Renbin Barmby, P. Coil, Alison L. Conselice, Christopher J. Ivison, R. J. Lin, Lihwai Koo, David C. Nandra, Kirpal Salim, Samir Small, Todd Weiner, Benjamin J. Cooper, Michael C. Davis, Marc Faber, S. M. Guhathakurta, Puragra TI The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS observations of a dual AGN at z=0.7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BINARY BLACK-HOLE; EMISSION; QUASAR; KINEMATICS; SEYFERT; STELLAR; MERGERS; SYSTEM AB We present evidence of a dual active galactic nucleus (AGN) within an early-type galaxy at in the z = 0.709 extended Groth strip. The galaxy lies on the red sequence, with absolute magnitude M-B = -21.0 (AB, with h = 0.7) and rest-frame color U - B = 1.38. Its optical spectrum shows strong, double-peaked [O III] emission lines and weak H beta emission, with Seyfert-like line ratios. The two narrow peaks are separated by 630 km s(-1) in velocity and arise from two distinct regions, spatially resolved in the DEIMOS spectrum, with a projected physical separation of 1.2 kpc. HST ACS imaging shows an early-type (E/S0) galaxy with hints of disturbed structure, consistent with the remnant of a dissipationless merger. Multiwavelength photometric information from the AEGIS consortium confirms the identification of a dust-obscured AGN in an early-type galaxy, with detections in X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio wave bands. These data are most readily explained as a single galaxy harboring two AGNs-the first such system to be observed in an otherwise typical early-type galaxy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NR9 2RD, England. Royal Observ, United Kingdom Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gerke, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bgerke@berkeley.edu RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Weiner, Benjamin/0000-0001-6065-7483 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L23 EP L26 DI 10.1086/517968 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700006 ER PT J AU Konidaris, NP Guhathakurta, P Bundy, K Coil, AL Conselice, CJ Cooper, MC Eisenhardt, PRM Huang, JS Ivison, RJ Kassin, SA Kirby, EN Lotz, JM Newman, JA Noeske, KG Rich, RM Small, TA Willmer, CNA Willner, SP AF Konidaris, N. P. Guhathakurta, P. Bundy, K. Coil, A. L. Conselice, C. J. Cooper, M. C. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Huang, J.-S. Ivison, R. J. Kassin, S. A. Kirby, E. N. Lotz, J. M. Newman, J. A. Noeske, K. G. Rich, R. M. Small, T. A. Willmer, C. N. A. Willner, S. P. TI AEGIS: Galaxy spectral energy distributions from the X-ray to radio SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : general; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; SEQUENCE AB The All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS) team presents broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs), from X-ray to radio wavelengths, for 71 galaxies spanning the redshift range 0.55-1.16 (< z >) similar to 0.7). Galaxies with secure redshifts are selected from a small (22 arcmin(2)) subsection of the Keck/AzS DEIMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey in the Extended Groth Strip field that has also been targeted for deep panchromatic imaging by ultraviolet (120-250 nm), optical (360-900 nm), optical/near-infrared (440-1600 nm), near-infrared (1200-2200 nm), mid/far-infrared (3.6-70 mu m), and radio (6-20 cm). A typical galaxy in our sample is M-B = -19.82. The ultraviolet to mid-infrared portion of their SEDs are found to be bracketed by two stellar-only model SEDs: (1) an early burst followed by passive evolution and (2) a constant star formation rate since early times. This suggests that few of these galaxies are undergoing major starbursts. Approximately half the galaxies show a mid-to far-infrared excess relative to the model SEDs, consistent with thermal emission from interstellar dust. Two objects have power-law SEDs, indicating that they are dominated by active galactic nuclei; both are detected in X-rays. SEDs, from the ultraviolet to the infrared, follow expected trends: redder SEDs are associated with red, early-type morphology, and low [O II] emission, and vice versa for blue SEDs. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG9 2RD, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Royal Observ, Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Konidaris, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM npk@ucolick.org; raja@ucolick.org; kbundy@astro.caltech.edu; acoil@as.arizona.edu; conselice@nottingham.ac.uk; cooper@astron.berkeley.edu; prme@kromos.jpl.nasa.gov; jhuang@cfa.harvard.edu; rji@roe.ac.uk; kassin@ucolick.org; ekirby@ucolick.org; lotz@noao.edu; janewman@lbl.gov; rmr@astro.ucla.edu; tas@astro.caltech.edu; cnaw@as.arizona.edu; swillner@cfa.harvard.edu RI Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Kirby, Evan/0000-0001-6196-5162 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L7 EP L10 DI 10.1086/517929 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700002 ER PT J AU Le Floc'h, E Willmer, CNA Noeske, K Konidaris, NP Laird, ES Koo, DC Nandra, K Bundy, K Salim, S Maiolino, R Conselice, CJ Lotz, JM Papovich, C Smith, JD Bai, L Coil, AL Barmby, P Ashby, MLN Huang, JS Blaylock, M Rieke, G Newman, JA Ivison, R Chapman, S Dole, H Egami, E Elbaz, D AF Le Floc'h, E. Willmer, C. N. A. Noeske, K. Konidaris, N. P. Laird, E. S. Koo, D. C. Nandra, K. Bundy, K. Salim, S. Maiolino, R. Conselice, C. J. Lotz, J. M. Papovich, C. Smith, J. D. Bai, L. Coil, A. L. Barmby, P. Ashby, M. L. N. Huang, J.-S. Blaylock, M. Rieke, G. Newman, J. A. Ivison, R. Chapman, S. Dole, H. Egami, E. Elbaz, D. TI Far-infrared characterization of an ultraluminous starburst associated with a massively accreting black hole at z=1.15 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DEEP SUBMILLIMETER SURVEY; FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY; 14 HOUR FIELD; X-RAY SOURCES; GROTH STRIP; SPECTROGRAPH IRS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SCUBA GALAXIES AB As part of the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS), we describe the panchromatic characterization of an X-ray-luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN) in a merging galaxy at z = 1.15. This object is detected at infrared (8, 24, 70, and 160 mu m), submillimeter (850 mu m), and radio wavelengths, from which we derive a bolometric luminosity L-bol similar to 9 x 10(12) L-circle dot. We find that the AGN clearly dominates the hot dust emission below 40 mu m but its total energetic power inferred from the hard X-rays is substantially less than the bolometric output of the system. About 50% of the infrared luminosity is indeed produced by a cold dust component that probably originates from enshrouded star formation in the host galaxy. In the context of a coeval growth of stellar bulges and massive black holes, this source might represent a "transition" object, sharing properties with both quasars and luminous starbursts. Study of such composite galaxies will help address how the star formation and disk-accretion phenomena may have regulated each other at high redshift and how this coordination may have participated in the buildup of the relationship observed locally between the masses of black holes and stellar spheroids. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Observ Meudon, Paris, France. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AW, England. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. INAF, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG9 2RD, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Observ, Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CEA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Le Floc'h, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/517916 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700016 ER PT J AU Moustakas, LA Marshall, P Newman, JA Coil, AL Cooper, MC Davis, M Fassnacht, CD Guhathakurta, P Hopkins, A Koekemoer, A Konidaris, NP Lotz, JM Willmer, CNA AF Moustakas, Leonidas A. Marshall, Phil Newman, Jeffrey A. Coil, Alison L. Cooper, Michael C. Davis, Marc Fassnacht, Christopher D. Guhathakurta, Puragra Hopkins, Andrew Koekemoer, Anton Konidaris, Nicholas P. Lotz, Jennifer M. Willmer, Christopher N. A. TI A strong-lens survey in AEGIS: The influence of large-scale structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (HST J141735+522646, HST J141820+523611, HST J141833+524352); large-scale structure of universe ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; OPTICAL EINSTEIN RING; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LINE-OF-SIGHT; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; ACS SURVEY; DARK-MATTER; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION AB We report on a visual search for galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses over 650 arcmin(2) of HST ACS (V-606 and I-814) imaging in the DEEP2 Extended Groth Strip. This field has Keck DEIMOS spectroscopy of similar to 14,000 galaxies (similar to 75% complete to). We identify three strong galaxy-galaxy lenses: HST J141735 + 522646 is a previously known four-image lens (the "Cross"; z(1) = 0.8106, z(s) = 3.40); HST J141820 + 523611 (the "Dew-drop"; z(l) = 0.5798, z(s) = 0.9818) features two pairs of arcs; and HST J141833 + 524352 (the "Anchor"; z(l) = 0.4625, no z(s)) has one pair of arcs. Based on a normalized local density (1 + delta(3)), lenses are found to be in both under- and overdense local environments. All three lenses are fit well by singular isothermal ellipsoid models including external shear, with chi(2)(p) similar to 1. The model shears are similar to 10%. Approximating all line-of-sight galaxies as singular isothermal sphere halos truncated at 200 h(-1) kpc, with masses estimated through the Faber- Jackson relation, infers shears of similar to 2%, much smaller than those required by the models. Therefore, the corresponding convergence estimates must also be suspect. If more realistic treatment of galaxies (and the large-scale structure that they are embedded in) were to match the inferred shears to the model shears, then the true convergence could be measured and the mass-sheet degeneracy broken. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Moustakas, LA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-327, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Konidaris, Nicholas/0000-0003-1905-2815; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1086/517930 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700008 ER PT J AU Noeske, KG Weiner, BJ Faber, SM Papovich, C Koo, DC Somerville, RS Bundy, K Conselice, CJ Newman, JA Schiminovich, D Le Floc'h, E Coil, AL Rieke, GH Lotz, JM Primack, JR Barmby, P Cooper, MC Davis, M Ellis, RS Fazio, GG Guhathakurta, P Huang, J Kassin, SA Martin, DC Phillips, AC Rich, RM Small, TA Willmer, CNA Wilson, G AF Noeske, K. G. Weiner, B. J. Faber, S. M. Papovich, C. Koo, D. C. Somerville, R. S. Bundy, K. Conselice, C. J. Newman, J. A. Schiminovich, D. Le Floc'h, E. Coil, A. L. Rieke, G. H. Lotz, J. M. Primack, J. R. Barmby, P. Cooper, M. C. Davis, M. Ellis, R. S. Fazio, G. G. Guhathakurta, P. Huang, J. Kassin, S. A. Martin, D. C. Phillips, A. C. Rich, R. M. Small, T. A. Willmer, C. N. A. Wilson, G. TI Star formation in AEGIS field galaxies since z=1.1: The dominance of gradually declining star formation, and the main sequence of star-forming galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst ID DEEP-FIELD; FORMATION HISTORIES; FORMATION RATES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STELLAR MASS; SPITZER VIEW; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; SIMULATIONS AB We analyze star formation (SF) as a function of stellar mass (M-*) and redshift z in the All-Wavelength Extended M * Groth Strip International Survey. For 2905 field galaxies, complete to 10(10)(10(10.8)) M-circle dot at z < 0.7( 1), spectroscopic redshifts out to z = 1.1, we compile SF rates (SFRs) from emission lines, GALEX, and Spitzer MIPS 24 mu m photometry, optical-NIR M-* measurements, and HST morphologies. Galaxies with reliable signs of SF form a distinct "main sequence" (MS), with a limited range of SFRs at a given M-* and z (1 sigma less than or similar to +/- 0.3 dex), and log (SFR) approximately proportional to log M-*. The range of log (SFR) remains constant to z > 1, while the MS as a whole moves to higher SFR as z increases. The range of the SFR along the MS constrains the amplitude of episodic variations of SF and the effect of mergers on the SFR. Typical galaxies spend similar to 67%( 95%) of their lifetime since z = 1 within a factor of less than or similar to 2(4) of their average SFR at a given M-* and z. The dominant mode of the evolution z similar to 1 is apparently a gradual decline of the average SFR in most individual galaxies, not a decreasing frequency of starburst episodes, or a decreasing factor by which SFRs are enhanced in starbursts. LIRGs at z similar to 1 seem to mostly reflect the high SFR typical for massive galaxies at that epoch. The smooth MS may reflect that the same set of few physical processes governs SF prior to additional quenching processes. A gradual process like gas exhaustion may play a dominant role. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG9 2RD, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Noeske, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Weiner, Benjamin/0000-0001-6065-7483 NR 40 TC 725 Z9 727 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/517926 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700011 ER PT J AU Wilson, G Huang, JS Fazio, GG Yan, R Koekemoer, AM Salim, S Faber, SM Lotz, J Willmer, CNA Davis, M Coil, AL Newman, JA Conselice, CJ Papovich, C Ashby, MLN Barmby, P Willner, SP Ivison, R Miyazaki, S Rigopoulou, D AF Wilson, G. Huang, J.-S. Fazio, G. G. Yan, R. Koekemoer, A. M. Salim, S. Faber, S. M. Lotz, J. Willmer, C. N. A. Davis, M. Coil, A. L. Newman, J. A. Conselice, C. J. Papovich, C. Ashby, M. L. N. Barmby, P. Willner, S. P. Ivison, R. Miyazaki, S. Rigopoulou, D. TI AEGIS: A panchromatic study of IRAC-selected extremely red objects with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; MIDINFRARED PROPERTIES; LOCKMAN HOLE; GROTH STRIP; POPULATION; NUCLEI AB We study 87 extremely red objects (EROs), selected both to have color redder than and to R - [3.6] = 4.0 have confirmed spectroscopic redshifts. Together, these two constraints result in this sample populating a fairly narrow redshift range at. The key new ingredient included here is deep Spitzer Space Telescope 0.76 < z < 1.42 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) data. Based on color, we demonstrate that it is possible to classify [3.6] - [8.0] EROs as early-type galaxies, dusty starburst galaxies, or active galactic nuclei (AGNs; power-law types). We present ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images, both of which support our simple IRAC color classification. C1 CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94700 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Royal Observ, Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gillian@ipac.caltech.edu RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP L59 EP L63 DI 10.1086/517923 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162TP UT WOS:000246112700015 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Chuang, CC Wexler, AS AF Kelly, James T. Chuang, Catherine C. Wexler, Anthony S. TI Influence of dust composition on cloud droplet formation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE long-range transport; mineral; aerosol; water uptake; desert ID MINERAL DUST; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; WATER-UPTAKE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CALCIUM-SULFATE; SEA-SALT; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; CARBONATE; DEPOSITION AB Previous studies suggest that interactions between dust particles and clouds are significant; yet the conditions where dust particles can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are uncertain. Since major dust components are insoluble, the CCN activity of dust strongly depends on the presence of minor components. However, many minor components measured in dust particles are overlooked in cloud modeling studies. Some of these compounds are believed to be products of heterogeneous reactions involving carbonates. In this study, we calculate Kohler curves (modified for slightly soluble substances) for dust particles containing small amounts of K+, Mg2+, or Ca2+ compounds to estimate the conditions where reacted and unreacted dust can activate. We also use an adiabatic parcel model to evaluate the influence of dust particles on cloud properties via water competition. Based on their bulk solubilities, K+ compounds, MgSO4 center dot 7H(2)O, Mg(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O, and Ca(NO3)(2)center dot 4H(2)O are classified as highly soluble substances, which enable activation of fine dust. Slightly soluble gypsum and MgSO3 center dot 6H(2)O, which may form via heterogeneous reactions involving carbonates, enable activation of particles with diameters between about 0.6 and 2 mu m under some conditions. Dust particles > 2 mu m often activate regardless of their composition. Only under very specialized conditions does the addition of a dust distribution into a rising parcel containing fine (NH4)(2)SO4 particles significantly reduce the total number of activated particles via water competition. Effects of dust on cloud saturation and droplet number via water competition are generally smaller than those reported previously for sea salt. Large numbers of fine dust CCN can significantly enhance the number of activated particles under certain conditions. Improved representations of dust mineralogy and reactions in global aerosol models could improve predictions of the effects of aerosol on climate. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 7000 East Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jimkelly@ucdavis.edu RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 14 BP 2904 EP 2916 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165RR UT WOS:000246323700002 ER PT J AU Destaillats, H Singer, BC Gundel, LA AF Destaillats, Hugo Singer, Brett C. Gundel, Lara A. TI Evidence of acid-base interactions between amines and model indoor surfaces by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE acid-base; nicotine; pyridine; sorption; gypsum; cellulose; surface materials ID GAS-PHASE; SORPTION; NICOTINE AB Molecular associations of pyridine with cellulose and gypsum, surrogates for common indoor surface materials, were studied using an attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometric method. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the molecular interactions of amines with well-characterized materials that affect their partitioning between indoor air and surfaces. The experimental results suggest the presence of at least two sorptive states for volatile and semivolatile amines, attributed to the chemisorbed species and to a more labile surface state (i.e., physisorbed pyridine). Both exhibited spectroscopic signatures corresponding to aromatic C-H stretching modes (2950-3100 cm(-1)) in the studied spectral region. Chemisorbed pyridine could be identified by the presence of additional IR signals in the N-H and O-H stretching region of the spectrum (2900-3600 cm(-1)). During desorption under a stream of N-2, surface enrichment in the chemisorbed species was evidenced by a slower reduction of the absorbance of the broad band at 2900-3600 cm(-1) in relation to the total pyridine absorbance change. This spectroscopic evidence for acid-base interactions between amines and surfaces is consistent with the desorption behavior observed in previous work for nicotine from model surfaces. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Destaillats, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HDestaillats@lbl.gov RI Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 3177 EP 3181 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.083 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 168GC UT WOS:000246510300008 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Ming, KY Sextro, RG Wood, EE Brown, NJ AF Singer, Brett C. Hodgson, Alfred T. Hotchi, Toshifumi Ming, Katherine Y. Sextro, Richard G. Wood, Emily E. Brown, Nancy J. TI Sorption of organic gases in residential rooms SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE adsorption; hazardous air pollutants; nerve agents; sink effect; volatile organic compounds ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; MATERIAL-SURFACES; INDOOR MATERIALS; EMISSION FACTORS; PHASE ORGANICS; COMPOUNDS VOCS; MODEL; ADSORPTION; EXPOSURE AB Experiments were conducted to characterize organic gas sorption in residential rooms studied "as-is" with furnishings and material surfaces unaltered and in a furnished chamber designed to simulate a residential room. Results are presented for 10 rooms (five bedrooms, two bathrooms, a home office, and two multi-function spaces) and the chamber. Exposed materials were characterized and areas quantified. A mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was rapidly volatilized within each room as it was closed and sealed for a 5-h Adsorb phase; this was followed by 30-min Flush and 2-h closed-room Desorb phases. Included were alkane, aromatic, and oxygenated VOCs representing a range of ambient and indoor air pollutants. Three organophosphorus compounds served as surrogates for Sarin-like nerve agents. Measured gas-phase concentrations were fit to three variations of a mathematical model that considers sorption occurring at a surface sink and potentially a second, embedded sink. The 3-parameter sink-diffusion model provided acceptable fits for most compounds and the 4-parameter two-sink model provided acceptable fits for the others. Initial adsorption rates and sorptive partitioning increased with decreasing vapor pressure for the alkanes, aromatics and oxygenated VOCs. Best-fit sorption parameters obtained from experimental data from the chamber produced best-fit sorption parameters similar to those obtained from the residential rooms. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90K0198,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BCSinger@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 3251 EP 3265 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.056 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 168GC UT WOS:000246510300016 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Allwine, KJ Flaherty, JE Clawson, KL Carter, RG AF Doran, J. C. Allwine, K. J. Flaherty, J. E. Clawson, K. L. Carter, R. G. TI Characteristics of puff dispersion in an urban environment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban dispersion; puff dispersion; decay time; retention time; tracer ID DIFFUSION OBSERVATIONS AB Instantaneous releases of sulfur hexafluoride tracer were carried out as part of the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign in Oklahoma City. Data from 10 fast-response tracer samplers were used to examine the crosswind and along-wind spread of the tracer, the decay of tracer concentrations, and the retention of tracer within approximately I km of the release locations. The time variation of the median values of the tracer concentrations, normalized by the peak value observed at a given sampler, could be approximately described by an exponential decay with characteristic decay times on the order of 1-2 min. The longer times were found for early morning releases and the shorter times were associated with later morning or afternoon releases, suggesting that atmospheric stability or the depth of the mixed layer may affect puff dispersion even in urban environments. The median retention times required for 99% of the exposure to be realized at a given location were found to be correlated reasonably well with the median decay times. These characteristic time scales should be regarded as lower limits for concentration decay because the analysis excluded a number of anomalous cases in which the decaying concentrations exhibited an extended tail that indicated a very slow ventilation rate. The median values of the along-wind dispersion parameter a, grouped into downwind distance ranges can be described by a linear variation with distance with an initial "hold up" contribution due to building effects of about 30-45 in, but there are considerable variations about this relationship. Downwind 0.5-1 kin from the release point the lateral puff dispersion (sigma y) was roughly 70% of the along-wind dispersion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Air Force Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.doran@pnl.gov RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 3440 EP 3452 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167DB UT WOS:000246430000013 ER PT J AU Palmeri, P Quinet, P Biemont, E Trabert, E AF Palmeri, P. Quinet, P. Biemont, E. Trabert, E. TI Wavelengths and transition probabilities in heavy Ge-like ions (70 <= Z <= 92) SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTRA; ZN-LIKE IONS; TUNGSTEN; TRAP; EUV; PROGRAM AB Wavelengths and transition probabilities have been calculated for the 4s(2)4P(2) -4s4P(3) and 4s(2)4p(2) -4s(2)4p4d allowed transitions and for the forbidden (M1 and E2) transitions occurring within the ground configuration (4s(2)4p(2)) in the heavy Ge-like ions with Z = 70-92. The fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method taking into account both the correlations within the n = 4 complex and the QED effects has been used for the calculations. The present results are compared to and agree well with recent electron-beam ion-trap measurements in tungsten, osmium, gold, bismuth, thorium, and uranium. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmeri, P (reprint author), Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. EM palmeri@umh.ac.be NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAY PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 355 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.11.001 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 164KP UT WOS:000246232900001 ER PT J AU Palmeri, P Quinet, P Biemont, E Trabert, E AF Palmeri, P. Quinet, P. Biemont, E. Trabert, E. TI Wavelengths and transition probabilities for n= 4 -> n '=4 transitions in heavy Cu-like ions (70 <= Z <= 92) SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ZN-LIKE IONS; X-RAY SPECTRA; ENERGY-LEVELS; VACUUM-POLARIZATION; NA-LIKE; TRAP; SEQUENCE; TUNGSTEN; PROGRAM; SHIFT AB Wavelengths and transition probabilities have been calculated for the n = 4 ->-> n' = 4 allowed transitions in the heavy Cu-like ions with Z = 70-92. Fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations were carried out. They take into account the correlations within the it = 4 complex, the core-valence n = 3 ->-> n' = 4 virtual excitations, and quantum electrodynamics effects. The present results are compared to and agree well with recent electron-beam ion-trap (EBIT) measurements in ytterbium, tungsten, osmium, gold, lead, bismuth, thorium, and uranium. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmeri, P (reprint author), Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. EM palmeri@umh.ac.be NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAY PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.12.003 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 164KP UT WOS:000246232900003 ER PT J AU Kobelev, AP Stefanovskii, SV Zakharenko, VN Polkanov, MA Knyazev, OA Lashchenova, TN Ptashkin, AG Holtzscheiter, E Marra, J AF Kobelev, A. P. Stefanovskii, S. V. Zakharenko, V. N. Polkanov, M. A. Knyazev, O. A. Lashchenova, T. N. Ptashkin, A. G. Holtzscheiter, E. Marra, J. TI Vitrification of a surrogate for high-level wastes from the Savannah River facility (USA) in a commercial cold-crucible facility SO ATOMIC ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Experiments on vitrifying a surrogate for SB2 pulp from the Savannah River facility (USA) in a cold crucible with inner diameter 418 mm in a commercial facility for vitrifying medium-level wastes at the Moscow Scientific and Industrial Association Radon are performed. Borosilicate glass materials, containing 50 mass % oxides of the wastes, including a magnetitic spinel phase in amounts not exceeding 15 vol. %, are obtained. The maximum mass average velocity of the slurry load and the melt output reach 40 and 16 kg/h, respectively. This corresponds to maximum specific vitrified wastes production capacity 2830 kg/(m(2)center dot day). The specific energy consumption for obtaining the glass product is about 10 kW center dot h/kg, which is approximately half the level for reprocessing slurries in crucibles with half the diameter. The chemical stability of the glass materials is 10-50 times higher than that of the materials made from glasses recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. C1 Moscow Sci & Ind Assoc Radon, Moscow, Russia. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Kobelev, AP (reprint author), Moscow Sci & Ind Assoc Radon, Moscow, Russia. OI Lashchenova, Tatiana/0000-0002-6682-1261 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1063-4258 J9 ATOM ENERGY+ JI Atom. Energy PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 5 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10512-007-0058-3 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 217LT UT WOS:000249950100008 ER PT J AU Hok, S Natarajan, A Balhorn, R DeNardo, SJ DeNardo, GL Perkins, J AF Hok, Saphon Natarajan, Arutselvan Balhorn, Rod DeNardo, Sally J. DeNardo, Gerald L. Perkins, Julie TI Synthesis and radiolabeling of selective high-affinity ligands designed to target non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED PEPTIDE-FRAGMENTS; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; ANTIBODIES; LYM-1; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITORS; MOLECULES; PROTEINS; RESINS; SITES AB Selective high-affinity ligands (SHALs) were synthesized as molecular targeting agents for HLA-DR10, a cell surface receptor upregulated on malignant B-cell lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia. SHALs are designed to mimic the affinity and selectivity of Lym-1, an antibody that binds to the beta-subunit of HLA-DR10. To bind selectively to HLA-DR10, SHALs were constructed to bind to two adjacent pockets on the surface of the beta-subunit of HLA-DR10 located within an epitope recognized by the Lym-1 antibody. A series of multivalent SHALs with molecular masses of 1500-3000 Da were synthesized using solid/polymer-supported synthesis on chlorotrityl chloride resin in 50-80% yield. To enable their use as radionuclide carriers in mouse studies, SHALs were conjugated to DOTA in a solution-phase reaction with 70-100% yield. Co-57/CoCl2 titrations revealed that 50-60% of the DOTA in the DOTA-conjugated SHALs was available for radiometal chelation. These DOTA-SHALs were labeled with In-111 and used to carry out pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Radiolabeling reactions of DOTA-SHALs, with exactly one DOTA entity per targeting SHAL molecule, yielded products with greater than 90% radiochemical purity and specific activities ranging from 97 to 150 mu Ci/mu g. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Radiodiag & Therapy Lab, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. RP Perkins, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM perkins14@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA47829] NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 912 EP 921 DI 10.1021/bc060305o PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 167XJ UT WOS:000246485500039 PM 17373772 ER PT J AU Weronski, P Jiang, Y Rasmussen, S AF Weronski, Pawel Jiang, Yi Rasmussen, Steen TI Molecular dynamics study of small PNA molecules in lipid-water system SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL FORCE-FIELD; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; LIVING MATTER; SIMULATIONS; BILAYERS; ENERGY; DNA; ALGORITHMS; BACKBONE AB We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of small peptide nucleic acid (PNA) molecules, synthetic analogs of DNA, at a lipid bilayer in water. At neutral pH, without any salt, and in the NPn gamma T ensemble, two similar PNA molecules (6-mers) with the same nucleic base sequence and different terminal groups are investigated at the interface between water and a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer. The results of our simulations suggest that at low ionic strength of the solution, both PNA molecules adsorb at the lipid-water interface. In the case where the PNA molecule has charged terminal groups, the main driving force of adsorption is the electrostatic attraction between the charged groups of PNA and the lipid heads. The main driving force of adsorption of the PNA molecule with neutral terminal groups is the hydrophobic interaction of the nonpolar groups. Our simulations suggest that the system free energy change associated with PNA adsorption at the lipid-water interface is on the order of several tens of kT per PNA molecule in both cases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Weronski, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pawel@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 9 BP 3081 EP 3091 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.097352 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154YI UT WOS:000245544100017 PM 17307825 ER PT J AU Bauer, AL Jackson, TL Jiang, Y AF Bauer, Amy L. Jackson, Trachette L. Jiang, Yi TI A cell-based model exhibiting branching and anastomosis during tumor-induced angiogenesis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; DIFFERENTIAL ADHESION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; VEGF; PROLIFERATION; MECHANISMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION; EXPRESSION AB This work describes the first cell-based model of tumor-induced angiogenesis. At the extracellular level, the model describes diffusion, uptake, and decay of tumor-secreted pro-angiogenic factor. At the cellular level, the model uses the cellular Potts model based on system-energy reduction to describe endothelial cell migration, growth, division, cellular adhesion, and the evolving structure of the stroma. Numerical simulations show: 1), different tumor-secreted pro-angiogenic factor gradient profiles dramatically affect capillary sprout morphology; 2), average sprout extension speeds depend on the proximity of the proliferating region to the sprout tip, and the coordination of cellular functions; and 3), inhomogeneities in the extravascular tissue lead to sprout branching and anastomosis, phenomena that emerge without any prescribed rules. This model provides a quantitative framework to test hypotheses on the biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms that control tumor-induced angiogenesis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jiang@lan1.gov NR 67 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 9 BP 3105 EP 3121 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.101501 PG 17 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154YI UT WOS:000245544100020 PM 17277180 ER PT J AU Lee, TH Lapidus, LJ Zhao, W Travers, KJ Herschlag, D Chu, S AF Lee, Tae-Hee Lapidus, Lisa J. Zhao, Wei Travers, Kevin J. Herschlag, Daniel Chu, Steven TI Measuring the folding transition time of single RNA molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; P4-P6 DOMAIN; RIBOZYME; TETRAHYMENA; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; PROTEIN; INTERMEDIATE; MECHANISM AB We describe a new, time-apertured photon correlation method for resolving the transition time between two states of RNA in folding-i.e., the time of the transition between states rather than the time spent in each state. Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy are used to obtain these measurements. Individual RNA molecules are labeled with fluorophores such as Cy3 and Cy5. Those molecules are then immobilized on a surface and observed for many seconds during which time the molecules spontaneously switch between two conformational states with different levels of flourescence resonance energy transfer efficiency. Single photons are counted from each fluorophore and cross correlated in a small window around a transition. The average of over 1000 cross correlations can be fit to a polynomial, which can determine transition times as short as the average photon emission interval. We applied the method to the P4-P6 domain of the Tetrahymena group I self-splicing intron to yield the folding transition time of 240 mu s. The unfolding time is found to be too short to measure with this method. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Lee, TH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM leeth@stanford.edu RI Lee, Tae-Hee/A-1266-2010 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM066275, P01 GM66275-01A1RV] NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 9 BP 3275 EP 3283 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.094623 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154YI UT WOS:000245544100034 PM 17307831 ER PT J AU Whitcraft, SR Richards, B Lamkin, J Gerard, T Carlson, T McMichael, G Vucelick, J Williams, G Pytka, L AF Whitcraft, Samantha R. Richards, Bill Lamkin, John Gerard, Trika Carlson, Tom McMichael, Geoff Vucelick, Jessica Williams, Greg Pytka, Lisa TI Developing shallow-water acoustic telemetry methods for juvenile snapper habitat studies in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Early Life History Lab, Miami, FL USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab Battelle, Portland, OR USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab Battelle, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab Batelle, Sequim Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. New Coll Florida, Sarasota, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 194PM UT WOS:000248356300088 ER PT J AU Bashkova, S Baker, FS Wu, XX Armstrong, TR Schwartz, V AF Bashkova, Svetlana Baker, Frederick S. Wu, Xianxian Armstrong, Timothy R. Schwartz, Viviane TI Activated carbon catalyst for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide: On the influence of pore structure, surface characteristics, and catalytically-active nitrogen SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MICROPOROUS CARBONS; SULFUR REMOVAL; NATURAL-GAS; ADSORPTION; SO2; H2S; DESULFURIZATION; ADSORBENTS; HYDROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY AB The catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on various activated carbon materials was studied. The effects of pore structure, surface characteristics, and nitrogen content on the activity and selectivity of the carbons towards oxidation of H2S were investigated. It was found that a high volume of both micropores and small mesopores, in combination with a relatively narrow pore size distribution, were crucial for the retention of sulphur dioxide (SO2) a by-product of H2S oxidation. For the retention of carbonyl sulphide (COS), another H2S oxidation by-product, high surface reactivity with a significant amount of basic groups were found to be important. The only carbon with all these characteristics, and consequently the carbon that was able to retain both H2S and COS for an extended period of time, was an experimental product, '' WSC ''. This carbon was found to be superior to the other carbons studied, exhibiting high activity and selectivity for oxidation of H2S to Sulphur. H2S breakthrough capacities and selectivity values of the carbons were found to be dependent on the nitrogen content of the carbons. In a hydrogen stream, carbons possessing the highest nitrogen contents exhibited the greatest H2S breakthrough capacities but, at the same time, the lowest selectivity with respect to sulphur formation. In reformate streams, the maximum breakthrough capacity and greatest selectivity were exhibited by carbons with a nitrogen content of about 1-1.5 wt%. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schwartz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schwartzv@ornl.gov NR 44 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 8 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1354 EP 1363 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.01.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 172WM UT WOS:000246835200027 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA Etchells, AW AF Meyer, P. A. Etchells, A. W. TI Mixing with intermittent jets with application in handling radioactive waste sludges SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Mixing CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Bologna, ITALY DE non-Newtonian fluids; jet mixing; unsteady jets; radioactive sludge AB This document presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies undertaken to establish a methodology for performing reduced-scale mixing tests with intermittent jet mixing systems in non-Newtonian fluids. A theoretical model for mixing cavern formation from steady and intermittent jets is developed and compared with data from single mixing jet tests in a non-Newtonian simulant. Scaling laws are proposed based on the modeling and dimensional analysis. Validation tests were conducted at three scales using two non-Newtonian simulants. The key similarity parameters were found to be the non-dimension jet frequency, the yield Reynolds number, and the jet Reynolds number. The validated scaling laws provided the basis for reduced-scale testing of plant-scale mixing systems. In this paper only the initial results for a single jet and the developed model and scaling laws will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM perry.meyer@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0263-8762 J9 CHEM ENG RES DES JI Chem. Eng. Res. Des. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS A5 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1205/cherd06182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 181TX UT WOS:000247460100020 ER PT J AU Zhou, XW Wadley, HNG AF Zhou, X. W. Wadley, H. N. G. TI A potential for simulating the atomic assembly of cubic AB compounds SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulations; interatomic potential; vapor deposition; thin films ID BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ENERGY; MULTILAYERS AB Stillinger-Weber interatomic potentials can be used to study the crystal growth of AB compounds with the zinc-blende (133) structure, but have been unable to be used for other cubic structured compounds. Here we extend a recently modified Stillinger-Weber potential for cubic elements so that it is suited for studying the growth of cubic compounds with the B1 and B2 structures. We also parameterize the potential for the Mg-O system. The potential is shown to accurately model the lattice constants and the cohesive energies of the fcc Mg, fcc O, and the B1 MgO structures. It also correctly ensures that the equilibrium phase of each of these materials possesses the lowest cohesive energy with respect to all their other phases. The potential correctly predicts crystalline growth during molecular dynamics simulations of the vapor deposition of fcc Mg and B1 MgO thin films. The results also reveal the formation of various defects in the films, including islands and twins in Mg, interstitials and disrupted regions on the MgO growth surface, and local un-oxidized regions at the MgO/Mg interface during the oxidation of Mg. The simulation approach enables the study of atomic assembly processes controlling the formation of these defects. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Zhou, XW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Mech, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM xzhou@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.08.005 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 176BC UT WOS:000247056700006 ER PT J AU Vaughan, DE Jacobson, SH Kaul, H AF Vaughan, Diane E. Jacobson, Sheldon H. Kaul, Hemanshu TI Analyzing the performance of simultaneous generalized hill climbing algorithms SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE local search; generalized hill climbing algorithms; simulated annealing; Markov chains; ergodicity ID MARKOV-CHAINS; CONVERGENCE; RATES AB Simultaneous generalized hill climbing (SGHC) algorithms provide a framework for using heuristics to simultaneously address sets of intractable discrete optimization problems where information is shared between the problems during the algorithm execution. Many well-known heuristics can be embedded within the SGHC algorithm framework. This paper shows that the solutions generated by an SGHC algorithm are a stochastic process that satisfies the Markov property. This allows problem probability mass functions to be formulated for particular sets of problems based on the long-term behavior of the algorithm. Such results can be used to determine the proportion of iterations that an SGHC algorithm will spend optimizing over each discrete optimization problem. Sufficient conditions that guarantee that the algorithm spends an equal number of iterations in each discrete optimization problem are provided. SGHC algorithms can also be formulated such that the overall performance of the algorithm is independent of the initial discrete optimization problem chosen. Sufficient conditions are obtained guaranteeing that an SGHC algorithm will visit the globally optimal solution for each discrete optimization problem. Lastly, rates of convergence for SGHC algorithms are reported that show that given a rate of convergence for the embedded GHC algorithm, the SGHC algorithm can be designed to preserve this rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. IIT, Dept Math Appl, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Vaughan, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dev@lanl.gov; shj@uiuc.edu; kaul@math.iit.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10589-007-9019-y PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 165KS UT WOS:000246305000006 ER PT J AU Bentz, JL Olson, RM Gordon, MS Schmidt, MW Kendall, RA AF Bentz, Jonathan L. Olson, Ryan M. Gordon, Mark S. Schmidt, Michael W. Kendall, Ricky A. TI Coupled cluster algorithms for networks of shared memory parallel processors SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE electronic structure calculations; coupled cluster algorithms; hybrid programming; parallel algorithms ID ELECTRON CORRELATION; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; SINGLES; DOUBLES; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; CHEMISTRY; EQUATIONS AB As the popularity of using SMP systems as the building blocks for high performance supercomputers increases, so too increases the need for applications that can utilize the multiple levels of parallelism available in clusters of SMPs. This paper presents a dual-layer distributed algorithm, using both shared-memory and distributed-memory techniques to parallelize a very important algorithm (often called the "gold standard") used in computational chemistry, the single and double excitation coupled cluster method with perturbative triples, i.e. CCSD(T). The algorithm is presented within the framework of the GAMESS [M.W. Schmidt, K.K. Baldridge, J.A. Boatz, S.T Elbert, M.S. Gordon, J.J. Jensen, S. Koseki, N. Matsunaga, K.A. Nguyen, S. Su, TL. Windus, M. Dupuis, J.A. Montgomery, General atomic and molecular electronic structure system, J. Comput. Chem. 14 (1993) 1347-1363]. (General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System) program suite and the Distributed Data Interface [M.W. Schmidt, G.D. Fletcher, B.M. Bode, M.S. Gordon, The distributed data interface in GAMESS, Comput. Phys. Comm. 128 (2000) 190]. (DDI), however, the essential features of the algorithm (data distribution, load-balancing and communication overhead) can be applied to more general computational problems. Timing and performance data for our dual-level algorithm is presented on several large-scale clusters of SMPs. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames Lab, Scalabale Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 9-10 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2007.03.001 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 169RU UT WOS:000246610200002 ER PT J AU Sorokine, A AF Sorokine, Alexandre TI Implementation of a parallel high-performance visualization technique in GRASS GIS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE geographic information systems; high-performance computing; visualization; open source software AB This paper describes an extension for GRASS geographic information systems (GIS) that enables users to perform geographic visualization tasks on tiled high-resolution displays powered by the clusters of commodity personal computers. Parallel visualization systems are becoming more common in scientific computing due to the decreasing hardware costs and availability of the open source software to support such architecture. High-resolution displays allow scientists to visualize very large data sets with minimal loss of details. Such systems have a big promise especially in the field of GIS because users can naturally combine several geographic scales on a single display. This paper discusses architecture, implementation, and operation of PD-GRASS-a GRASS GIS extension for high-performance parallel visualization on tiled displays. PD-GRASS is specifically well suited for very large geographic data sets, such as light detecting and ranging data or high-resolution nation-wide geographic databases. This paper also briefly touches on computational efficiency, performance, and potential applications for such systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sorokine, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008,MS-6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sorokina@ornl.gov RI Sorokine, Alexandre/G-5746-2013 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.09.008 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 169RT UT WOS:000246610100008 ER PT J AU Brown, DF Dunn, WE AF Brown, David F. Dunn, William E. TI Application of a quantitative risk assessment method to emergency response planning SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hazardous materials; risk assessment; transportation ID DIFFUSION AB Transportation-related hazardous materials releases pose obvious hazards to the general public and response personnel. Statistical risk assessment techniques are valuable in quantifying these hazards and evaluating methods to reduce the risk. In this paper, we describe a quantitative risk assessment approach for hazardous materials transportation that has a strong emphasis on consequence modeling and employs considerable statistical data from past incidents. We illustrate application of this method to evaluating distances to which the public should be protected immediately following an accidental release of toxic materials that pose an inhalation hazard. While this paper focuses on emergency response aspects of the problem, the framework we describe has applications to societal risk estimation and routing optimization for a wide variety of hazardous materials. Scope and purpose This paper describes a quantitative risk assessment method for evaluating consequence distributions associated with hazardous materials transportation. This method employs physical models for hazardous materials releases and considerable statistical data from past incidents. The reader will become familiar with important aspects of quantitative risk assessment for hazardous materials releases and observe how such methods can be applied to a problem of practical interest; namely, evaluating distances to which the public should be protected in the event of a transportation-related hazardous materials release. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brown, DF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dbrown@anl.gov; wedunn@uiuc.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2005.06.001 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 112VX UT WOS:000242557000002 ER PT J AU Dumitrescu, CL Raicu, I Foster, I AF Dumitrescu, Catalin L. Raicu, Ioan Foster, Ian TI Usage SLA-based scheduling in grids SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing (GCC 2005) CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE grid computing; scheduling; USLAs AB Managing usage service level agreements (uSLAs) within environments that integrate participants and resources spanning multiple physical institutions is a challenging problem. Running workloads in such environments is often a similarly challenging problem owing to the scale of the environment, and to the resource partitioning based on various sharing strategies. Also, a resource may be taken down during a job execution, be improperly set up or fail job execution. Such elements have to be taken into account whenever targeting a Grid environment for problem solving. In this paper we explore uSLA-based scheduling on a real Grid, Grid3, by means of a specific workload (the BLAST workload) and a specific scheduling framework, GRUBER (an architecture and toolkit for resource uSLA specification and enforcement). The paper provides extensive experimental results and comparisons with other scheduling strategies. We also address, in great detail, the performance of different uSLA-based site selection strategies and the overall performance in scheduling workloads over Grid3 with workload sizes ranging from 10 to 10 000 jobs. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dumitrescu, CL (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, Mekelweg 4, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. EM c.dumitrescu@ewi.tudelft.nl RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7 BP 945 EP 963 DI 10.1002/cpe.1091 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 162JR UT WOS:000246083800002 ER PT J AU Carranza, RM Rodriguez, MA Rebak, RB AF Carranza, R. M. Rodriguez, M. A. Rebak, R. B. TI Effect of fluoride ions on crevice corrosion and passive behavior of alloy 22 in hot chloride solutions SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE chloride; crevice corrosion; cyclic polarization; fluoride; inhibition; repassivation potential; UNSN06022 AB Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) is a Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy highly resistant to localized corrosion. Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in pure chloride (Cl(-)) solutions under aggressive environmental conditions. The effect of the fluoride (F(-)) over the crevice corrosion induced by chloride ions is still not well established. The objective of the present work was to explore the crevice corrosion resistance of this alloy to different mixtures of fluorides and chlorides. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests were conducted in deaerated aqueous solutions of pure halide ions and in different mixtures of chloride and fluoride at 90 degrees C and pH 6. The range of chloride concentration [Cl(-)] was 0.001 M <= [Cl(-)] <= 10 M and the range of fluoride to chloride molar concentration ratio [F(-)]1[Cl(-)] was 0. 1 :5 [F(-)]/[Cl(-)] <= 10. Results show that Alloy 22 was susceptible to crevice corrosion in all the pure chloride solutions but was not in the pure fluoride solutions. Fluoride ions showed an inhibitor behavior only in mixtures with a molar ratio [F(-)]/[Cl(-)] > 2. For mixtures with a molar ratio [F(-)]/[Cl(-)] of 7 and 10, the inhibition of crevice corrosion was complete. C1 Comis Nacl Engn Atom, Dept Mat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carranza, RM (reprint author), Comis Nacl Engn Atom, Dept Mat, Ave Gral Paz 1499, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM carranza@cnea.gov.ar RI Alejandro, Martin/M-4602-2016; OI Alejandro, Martin/0000-0001-6852-1310; Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 480 EP 490 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 165DG UT WOS:000246283500009 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Bensasson, D Tyler, BM Boore, JL AF Martin, Frank N. Bensasson, Douda Tyler, Brett M. Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Mitochondrial genome sequences and comparative genomics of Phytophthora ramorum and P-sojae SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE inverted repeat; mitochondrial microsatellite; Phytophthora infestans ID INVERTED REPEAT; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENE CONTENT; RNA GENES; DNA; EVOLUTION; PYTHIUM; ORGANIZATION; ACHLYA; CALIFORNIA AB The sequences of the mitochondrial genomes of the oomycetes Phytophthora ramorum and P. sojae were determined during the course of complete nuclear genome sequencing (Tyler et al., Science, 313:1261,2006). Both mitochondrial genomes are circular mapping, with sizes of 39,314 bp for P. ramorum and 42,977 bp for P. sojae. Each contains a total of 37 recognizable protein-encoding genes, 26 or 25 tRNAs (P. ramorum and P. sojae, respectively) specifying 19 amino acids, six more open reading frames (ORFs) that are conserved, presumably due to functional constraint, across Phytophthora species (P. sojae, P. ramorum, and P. infestans), six ORFs that are unique for P. sojae and one that is unique for P. ramorum. Non-coding regions comprise about 11.5 and 18.4% of the genomes of P. ramorum and P. sojae, respectively. Relative to P. sojae, there is an inverted repeat of 1,150 bp in P. ramorum that includes an unassigned unique ORF, a tRNA gene, and adjacent non-coding sequences, but otherwise the gene order in both species is identical. Comparisons of these genomes with published sequences of the P. infestans mitochondrial genome reveals a number of similarities, but the gene order in P. infestans differed in two adjacent locations due to inversions and specific regions of the genomes exhibited greater divergence than others. For example, the breakpoints for the inversions observed in P. infestans corresponded to regions of high sequence divergence in comparisons between P. ramorum and P. sojae and the location of a hypervariable microsatellite sequence (eight repeats of 24 bp) in the P. sojae genome corresponds to a site of. major length variation in P. infestans. Although the overwhelming majority of each genome is conserved (81-92%), there are a number of genes that evolve more rapidly than others. Some of these rapidly evolving genes appear specific to Phytophthora, arose recently, and future evaluation of their function and the effects of their loss could prove fruitful for understanding the phylogeny of these devastating plant pathogens. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s00294-007-0121-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 167IQ UT WOS:000246445800001 PM 17310332 ER PT J AU Caparelli, ED AF de Castro Caparelli, Elisabeth TI TMS&fMRI - A new neuroimaging combinational tool to study brain function SO CURRENT MEDICAL IMAGING REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fMRI; TMS; brain stimulation; BOLD response ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EPISODIC MEMORY RETRIEVAL; MOTOR CORTEX EXCITABILITY; ECHOPLANAR BOLD FMRI; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BLOOD-FLOW; 4 TESLA AB Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to evaluate the brain's response to an extensive variety and number of different tasks; however, because many of these paradigms are complex, they stimulate a broad neural network encompassing several brain regions. Therefore, it remains unclear which brain region is relevant to the principal cognitive/behavioral function that is being studied, and which areas are activated either due to the additional cognitive function required to complete the task, or as a consequence of brain connectivity. The recent combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with fMRI holds promise for clarifying this dilemma. Using a pulse of magnetic field, TMS can non-invasively stimulate a specific brain region, thereby allowing brain activity to be manipulated as an independent variable, while, based upon the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependence (the BOLD effect), fMRI can evaluate the brain's response to this localized stimulus, highlighting the functional network directly associated with the stimulated site. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Caparelli, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM caparelli@bnl.gov NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4056 J9 CURR MED IMAGING REV JI Curr. Med. Imaging Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 162AB UT WOS:000246057400004 ER PT J AU Brander, C Self, S Korber, B AF Brander, Christian Self, Steve Korber, Bette TI Capturing viral diversity for in-vitro test reagents and HIV vaccine immunogen design SO CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; immunogen; protective cellular immunity; sequence diversity; T cell; vaccine design AB Purpose of review HIV diversity is a major challenge to accurate detection of HIV-specific immunity in vitro and HIV vaccine immunogen design alike. Although achieving extensive coverage of global viral diversity is a common goal for both tasks, different strategies for achieving maximal in-vitro detection of responses and optimal in-vivo induction of immune responses may be needed. This review describes and compares some of the most recently developed approaches. Recent findings Single sequence-based antigen sets as well as polyvalent peptide test reagents have been developed over recent years that are suitable for detection of comprehensive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell immunity in the naturally infected or vaccinated host. These tools permit increasingly accurate assessment of the host immune response, thus providing the basis for identification of immune correlates of controlled HIV infection. Summary These recent findings and newly developed strategies that allow more comprehensive detection of HIV-specific T-cell responses provide the tools necessary to assess vaccine immunogenicity and breadth within genetically different host populations and relative to diverse local viral populations. They will ultimately inform design of vaccine immunogen sequences that can induce broadly protective cellular immunity. C1 [Brander, Christian] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Brander, Christian] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aids, Boston, MA USA. [Self, Steve] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Korber, Bette] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Korber, Bette] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, MGH E 5239,149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1746-630X J9 CURR OPIN HIV AIDS JI Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1097/COH.0b013e3280f3bfe2 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA V24NT UT WOS:000208417800004 PM 19372885 ER PT J AU Spry, PG Heimann, A Messerly, JD Houk, RS AF Spry, Paul G. Heimann, Adriana Messerly, Joshua D. Houk, R. S. TI Discrimination of metamorphic and metasomatic processes at the broken hill Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Australia: Rare earth element signatures of garnet-rich rocks SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; BASE-METAL DEPOSIT; WILLYAMA SUPERGROUP; TRACE-ELEMENTS; THRUST BELT; AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; WATER ACTIVITY; ICP-MS; AREA; OREBODIES AB Garnet occurs in a variety of rock types spatially related to the giant stratiform Paleoproterozoic Broken Hill lead-ziric-silver deposit, Australia. The deposit was metamorphosed to granulite facies conditions and subjected to at least five periods of deformation (D-1-D-5). Sulfides at Broken Hill are commonly associated with quartz garnetite, granetite, and blue quartz gahnite-garnet rock. The origin of quartz garnetite and garnetite is controversial. Proposed models include: metamorphism of manganiferous sediments formed by submarine hydrothermal processes that mixed with aluminous pelagic sediments; metamorphism of an original detrital sediment; metasomatic mobilization of Mn between the sulfide lenses and the wall rocks either synpeak (D-1-D-2) or postpeak metamorphism (D-3); and reaction of Mn derived from partially melted sulfide orebodies with the surrounding pelitic gneisses. REE patterns of whole-rock samples of garnetite and quartz garnetite show high light rare earth element/heavy rare earth element (LREE/HREE) ratios. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns, based on analyses of granet in garnetite and quartz-garnetite and some samples of blue quartz gahnite-garnet rock, using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques, generally show very low LREE/HREE ratios, flat HREE signatures, and low overall REE contents (< 100 ppm). HREE are incorporated in garnet, whereas LREE likely occur in intergranular material between garnet grains and in monazite, zircon. and apatite inclusions in garnet or along grain boundaries. Garnetite and fine-grained quartz garnetite show positive and negative Eu anomalies, respectively. Coarse metasomatic garnet surrounding D-3 quartz veins, and metasomatic garnet in quartz garnetite halos around lead-rich orebodies, remobilized quartz garnetite and some blue quartz gahnite-garnet rocks, show positive and negative Eu anomalies, variable HREE, low to moderate LREE/HREE ratios, and arcuate patterns. The REE signature of garnet in garnetite and quartz garnetite is characteristic of metamorphic garnet with Eu anomalies reflecting relative inputs of detrital to hydrothermal components in a premetamorphic protolith, fo(2) conditions, and temperature, whereas arcuate HREE Signatures are characteristic of metasomatic garnet that formed postpeak metamorphism. The REE chemistry of garnet is consistent with mineralogical, petrological, and structural studies that demonstrate garnetite and quartz garnetite are metamorphosed sediments that formed by submarine hydrothermal processes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Spry, PG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, 253 Sci 1, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pgspiy@iastate.edu NR 87 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 BP 471 EP 494 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.3.471 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 208QC UT WOS:000249333300007 ER PT J AU Oladosu, G Rose, A AF Oladosu, Gbadebo Rose, Adam TI Income distribution impacts of climate change mitigation policy in the Susquehanna River Basin Economy SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE carbon tax; distributional impacts; computable general equilibrium; regional economic analysis; climate change policy ID GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; TAX DISTORTIONS; CARBON TAXES; ENERGY; EMISSIONS; TAXATION; WINNERS; WELFARE; MODELS AB We examine the cost-side income distribution impacts of a carbon tax in the Susquehanna River Basin (SRB) Region of the United States utilizing a computable general equilibrium model. We find the aggregate impacts of a $25/ton carbon tax on the SRB economy are likely to be negative but modest-an approximately one-third of 1% reduction in Gross Regional Product (GRP) in the short-run and double that amount in the long-run. However, unlike many previous studies, we find that the carbon tax is mildly progressive as measured by income bracket changes, per capita equivalent variation, and Gini coefficient changes based on expenditure patterns. The dominant factors affecting the distributional impacts are the pattern of output, income and consumption impacts that affect lower income groups relatively less than higher income ones, an increase in transfer payments favoring lower income groups, and decreased corporate profits absorbed primarily by higher income groups. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rose, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM azr1@psu.edu RI Oladosu, Gbadebo/B-8970-2012; OI Oladosu, Gbadebo/0000-0003-4990-1996 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 520 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2005.09.012 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 157WY UT WOS:000245753300011 ER PT J AU Link, DD Baltrus, JP Zandhuis, P AF Link, Dirk D. Baltrus, John P. Zandhuis, Paul TI Isolation and identification of nitrogen species in jet fuel and diesel fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS; LUBRICITY; DEPOSITS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSTABILITY; OXIDATION; OIL AB Many performance characteristics of liquid fuels-including lubricity, the ability to swell seal materials, storage stability, and thermal stability-are determined, to a large degree, by the trace polar species that the fuel contains. Because the polar fraction comprises such a small portion of the fuel matrix, it is difficult to detect these species without first isolating them from the bulk fuel. This manuscript describes the extension of previous work that established a protocol for the isolation and identification of oxygenates in jet fuels. The current work shows that a liquid-liquid extraction using methanol, followed by an isolation step using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a silica column, can successfully separate polar nitrogen-containing species from the fuel, in addition to separating oxygenates. The analytical protocol further isolates the polar target species using a polar capillary gas chromatography (GC) column and a nontraditional oven heating program. The method is amenable to milliliter quantitites of fuel samples and produces a matrix that can be analyzed directly, using typical GC methods. The method was evaluated using spiked surrogate fuels, as well as actual petroleum-derived jet fuel samples. Furthermore, it is shown that the method also can be extended for use on diesel fuels. C1 US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NETL, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dlink@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1575 EP 1581 DI 10.1021/ef060451q PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 167XO UT WOS:000246486100052 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, R Poston, J Chaudhari, K Zinn, A Simonyi, T Robinson, C AF Siriwardane, Ranjani Poston, James Chaudhari, Karuna Zinn, Anthony Simonyi, Thomas Robinson, Clark TI Chemical-looping combustion of simulated synthesis gas using nickel oxide oxygen carrier supported on bentonite SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; REACTIVITY; REDUCTION; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology for clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuels for energy production. This process which produces sequestration ready CO2 systems is a promising technology to be utilized with coal gasification systems. In the present work, chemical-looping combustion has been studied with an oxygen carrier, NiO/bentonite (60 wt % NiO) for the gasification systems utilizing simulated synthesis gas. Global reaction rates of reduction and oxidation as a function of conversion were calculated for oxidation-reduction cycles utilizing the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data on multicycle tests conducted with NiO/bentonite at atmospheric pressure between 700 and 900 degrees C. The rate of reduction increased slightly with an increase in temperature, while the rate of oxidation decreased at 900 degrees C. The effect of particle size of the oxygen carrier on CLC was studied for the particle size between 20 and 200 mesh. The rates of reactions depended on the particle size of the oxygen carrier. The smaller the particle size, the higher the reaction rates. The multicycle CLC tests conducted in a high-pressure flow reactor showed stable reactivity for the production of CO2 from fuel gas at 800 and 900 degrees C and full consumption of hydrogen during the reaction. The data from a one cycle test on the effect of the pressure on the performance with NiO/bentonite utilizing the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) showed a positive effect of the pressure on the global rates of reduction-oxidation reactions at higher fractional conversions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the NiO phase in NiO/bentonite with the oxidized sample in the high-pressure reactor and Ni phase with the reduced sample. The presence of a small amount of NiO in the reduced sample detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) may be due to its exposure to air during sample transfer from the reactor to XPS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed no significant changes in morphology of NiO/bentonite reacted in the temperature range 700-800 degrees C in an atmospheric TGA for 10 oxidation-reduction cycles, but some loss of surface area and porosity was observed at 900 degrees C. This effect was found to be greater with increase in the particle size of the oxygen carrier. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Parsons Infrastructure & Technol Grp Inc, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Siriwardane, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1582 EP 1591 DI 10.1021/ef0604947 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 167XO UT WOS:000246486100053 ER PT J AU Romanov, V AF Romanov, Vyacheslav TI Coal chemistry for mechanical engineers: From macromolecular thermodynamics to reservoir simulation SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUPERCRITICAL STATES; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; NETWORK STRUCTURE; PORE STRUCTURE; SOLVENT; DIFFUSION; PRESSURE; MODEL AB In pilot trials and commercial scale field demonstrations of CO2 storage in coal seams, quite often unexpected problems with coal swelling around injector and reducing injection efficiency (e.g., Allison unit in the San Juan Basin, RECOPOL in Poland, Hokkaido project in Japan, etc.) can stall or even terminate the site development. To avoid the costly mistakes with the prospective site evaluation, the state of the art in reservoir modeling needs to be improved by taking into account coal properties at the macromolecular level. The current models are based on the rock mechanics, which ignores decades of experimental and theoretical studies of interaction between coal and injected fluids. A pseudopolymer approach is introduced to the modelers as a viable alternative, especially, at medium to high fluid pressures. Further, it is discussed how the thermodynamics of CO2 dissolution in the macromolecular network of the coal matrix can be incorporated into geomechanical models. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Romanov, V (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 58-207, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Romanov@netl.doe.gov RI Romanov, Vyacheslav/C-6467-2008 OI Romanov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8850-3539 NR 97 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1646 EP 1654 DI 10.1021/ef060476p PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 167XO UT WOS:000246486100062 ER PT J AU Elliott, DC AF Elliott, Douglas C. TI Historical developments in hydroprocessing bio-oils SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DIRECTLY LIQUEFIED BIOMASS; SULFIDED COMO/GAMMA-AL2O3; PYROLYSIS OILS; NIMO/GAMMA-AL2O3 CATALYSTS; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; HYDROCARBON FUELS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; GUAIACYL GROUPS; HYDRODEOXYGENATION; HYDROTREATMENT AB This paper is a review of the developments in the field of catalytic hydroprocessing of biomass-derived liquefaction conversion products (bio-oil) over the past 25 years. Work has been underway, primarily in the U.S. and Europe, in catalytic hydrotreating and hydrocracking of bio-oil in both batch-fed and continuous-flow bench-scale reactor systems. A range of heterogeneous catalyst materials have been tested, including conventional sulfided catalysts developed for petroleum hydroprocessing and precious metal catalysts. The important processing differences have been identified, which required adjustments to conventional hydroprocessing as applied to petroleum feedstocks. This application of hydroprocessing is seen as an extension of petroleum processing and system requirements are not far outside the range of conventional hydroprocessing. The technology is still under development but can play a significant role in supplementing increasingly expensive petroleum. This paper is a review of the developments in the field of catalytic hydroprocessing of biomass-derived liquefaction conversion products (bio-oil) over the past 25 years. Work has been underway, primarily in the U.S. and Europe, in catalytic hydrotreating and hydrocracking of bio-oil in both batch-fed and continuous-flow bench-scale reactor systems. A range of heterogeneous catalyst materials have been tested, including conventional sulfided catalysts developed for petroleum hydroprocessing and precious metal catalysts. The important processing differences have been identified, which required adjustments to conventional hydroprocessing as applied to petroleum feedstocks. This application of hydroprocessing is seen as an extension of petroleum processing and system requirements are not far outside the range of conventional hydroprocessing. The technology is still under development but can play a significant role in supplementing increasingly expensive petroleum. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dougc.elliott@pnl.gov NR 71 TC 626 Z9 637 U1 21 U2 273 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1792 EP 1815 DI 10.1021/ef070044u PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 167XO UT WOS:000246486100080 ER PT J AU Denholm, P Margolis, RM AF Denholm, Paul Margolis, Robert M. TI Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Research Conference on Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Innovation CY FEB, 2006 CL Tramelan, SWITZERLAND DE solar; photovoltaics; intermittency ID ENERGY-SYSTEMS AB In this work, we examine some of the limits to large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems. Specifically, we evaluate the ability of PV to provide a large fraction (up to 50%) of a utility system's energy by comparing hourly output of a simulated large PV system to the amount of electricity actually usable. The simulations use hourly recorded solar insolation and load data for Texas in the year 2000 and consider the constraints of traditional electricity generation plants to reduce output and accommodate intermittent PV generation. We find that under high penetration levels and existing grid-operation procedures and rules, the system will have excess PV generation during certain periods of the year. Several metrics are developed to examine this excess PV generation and resulting costs as a function of PV penetration at different levels of system flexibility. The limited flexibility of base load generators produces increasingly large amounts of unusable PV generation when PV provides perhaps 10-20% of a system's energy. Measures to increase PV penetration beyond this range will be discussed and quantified in a follow-up analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Denholm, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Paul_denholm@nrel.gov; robert_margolis@nrel.gov NR 20 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 2852 EP 2861 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.014 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165ZI UT WOS:000246346000016 ER PT J AU Lin, J Iyer, M AF Lin, Jiang Iyer, Maithili TI Cold or hot wash: Technological choices, cultural change, and their impact on clothes-washing energy use in China SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Research Conference on Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Innovation CY FEB, 2006 CL Tramelan, SWITZERLAND DE energy efficiency; clothes washing; cultural practices AB Usage pattern of clothes washing (and clothes washers) are strongly related to local cultural practices. Such practices have led to the development of distinctive clothes-washing technologies in the US, Europe, and Japan. In emerging markets such as China, several types of technologies often co-exist. Some use less energy but more water (the impeller type), and some use more energy but less water (the horizontal axis type). The competition between different technologies is thought to lead to better consumer choices. However, it could also lead to changes in clothes-washing habits-from cold to hot wash, and therefore to much higher energy use. This paper examines the standard development process in China to illustrate that adoption of foreign technologies and technical standards, if not carefully calibrated to the local cultural practices, could have unintended consequences for energy use and environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM j_lin@lbl.gov; miyer@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3046 EP 3052 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.11.001 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165ZI UT WOS:000246346000035 ER PT J AU Pless, JD Chwirka, JB Krumhansl, JL AF Pless, Jason D. Chwirka, J. Benjamin Krumhansl, James L. TI Iodine sequestration using delafossites and layered hydroxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iodide sequestration; iodate sequestration; hydrotalcites; delafossites ID MINERALS; SORPTION; IODATE AB The objective of this document is to report on the early success for sequestering I-129. Sorption coefficients (K-d) for I- and IO3- onto delafossites, spinels and layered metal hydroxides were measured and compared for their applicability to sequester I-129. The studies were performed using a dilute fluid composition representative of groundwater indigenous to the Yucca mountain area. Delafossites generally exhibited relatively poor sorption coefficients (< 35 mL/g). In contrast, the composition of the layered hydroxides significantly affects their ability to sorb I. Cu/Al and Cu/Cr layered hydroxide samples exhibit K-d's greater than 1000 mL/g for both I- and IO3-. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Krumhansl, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jlkrumh@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1610-3653 J9 ENVIRON CHEM LETT JI Environ. Chem. Lett. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10311-006-0084-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177LS UT WOS:000247155200006 ER PT J AU Hereford, AG Keating, EH Guthrie, GD Zhu, C AF Hereford, Anne G. Keating, Elizabeth H. Guthrie, George D., Jr. Zhu, Chen TI Reactions and reaction rates in the regional aquifer beneath the Pajarito Plateau, north-central New Mexico, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feldspar; inverse mass balance modeling; USA; geochemistry; kinetics ID WEATHERING RATES; DISSOLUTION RATES; RATE CONSTANTS; SURFACE-AREA; MASS BALANCE; FELDSPAR; SYSTEMS; MODELS; CATCHMENTS; MINERALS AB Reactions and reaction rates within aquifers are fundamental components of critical hydrological processes. However, reactions simulated in laboratory experiments typically demonstrate rates that are much faster than those observed in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more reaction rate analyses in natural settings. This study of geochemical reactions in the regional aquifer in the Pajarito Plateau near Los Alamos, New Mexico combines modeling with petrographic assessment to further knowledge and understanding of complex natural hydrologic systems. Groundwater geochemistry shows marked evolution along assumed flow paths. The flow path chosen for this study was evaluated using inverse mass balance modeling to calculate the mass transfer. X-ray diffraction and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy were used to identify possible reactants and products. Considering the mineralogy of the aquifer and saturation indices for the regional water refined initial interpretations. Calculations yielded dissolution rates for plagioclase on the order of 10(-15) mol s(-1) m(-2) and for K-feldspar on the order of 10(-17) mol s(-1) m(-2), orders of magnitude slower than laboratory rates. While these rates agree with other aquifer studies, they must be considered in the light of the uncertainty associated with geometric surface area estimates, (14)C ages, and aquifer properties. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM chenzhu@indiana.edu RI Keating, Elizabeth/B-4678-2011; Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010 OI Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 965 EP 977 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0539-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 158VX UT WOS:000245824300013 ER PT J AU Menzie, CA MacDonell, MM Mumtaz, M AF Menzie, Charles A. MacDonell, Margaret M. Mumtaz, Moiz TI A phased approach for assessing combined effects from multiple stressors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE combined effects; cumulative risk assessment; GIS; multiple stressors; phased approach; stressor identification ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; MIXTURES AB We present a phased approach for evaluating the effects of physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial stressors that may act in combination. Although a phased concept is common to many risk-based approaches, it has not been explicitly outlined for the assessment of combined effects of multiple stressors. The approach begins with the development of appropriate conceptual models and assessment end points. The approach then proceeds through a screening stage wherein stressors are evaluated with respect to their potential importance as contributors to risk. Stressors are considered individually or as a combination of independent factors with respect to one or more common assessment end points. As necessary, the approach then proceeds to consider interactions among stressors. We make a distinction between applications that begin with effects of concern (effects based) or with specific stressors (stressor based). We describe a number of tools for use within the phased approach. The methods profiled are ones that have been applied to yield results that can be communicated to a wide audience. The latter characteristic is considered especially important because multiple stressor problems usually involve exposures to communities or to ecologic regions with many stakeholders. Key words: combined effects, cumulative risk assessment, GIS, multiple stressors, phased approach, stressor identification. Environ Health Perspect 115:807-816 (2007). C1 Exponent Inc, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menzie, CA (reprint author), Exponent Inc, 8 Winchester Pl,Suite 303, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. EM camenzie@exponent.com NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1289/ehp.9331 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900044 PM 17520072 ER PT J AU Alonso, C Warnecke, F Amann, R Pernthaler, J AF Alonso, Cecilia Warnecke, Falk Amann, Rudolf Pernthaler, Jakob TI High local and global diversity of Flavobacteria in marine plankton SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-SEA; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS AB Members of the phylum Bacteroidetes are among the most abundant microbes in coastal marine waters, but it is unclear to which extent the diversity within this phylum is covered by currently available 16S rRNA gene sequence information. We, thus, obtained a comprehensive collection of sequence types affiliated with Bacteroidetes in coastal North Sea surface waters and we compared this local diversity with the available sequences of marine planktonic and other aquatic Bacteroidetes. Approximately 15% of > 600 clones from two libraries (August 2000, June 2001) were related to Bacteroidetes, specifically to the Flavobacteria. Local diversity appeared to be almost exhaustively sampled. However, the diversity of the two libraries virtually did not overlap, indicating a pronounced temporal variability of the planktonic Flavobacteria assemblage. The majority of sequence types represented novel phylogenetic lineages, adding 6-7% to the currently known genera and species of Bacteroidetes in marine waters. Different diversity estimators suggested that so far only approximately half of the global diversity of planktonic marine Bacteroidetes has been described. The data set moreover indicated that cultivation-independent techniques and isolation approaches have recovered almost equally sized and virtually non-overlapping fractions of the currently known diversity within this phylum. Interestingly, only 15% of genera of Bacteroidetes from various aquatic environments appear to occur in more than one habitat type. C1 Univ Zurich, Limnol Stn Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Bremen, Germany. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Alonso, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Limnol Stn Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland. EM calonso@limnol.unizh.ch RI Pernthaler, Jakob/A-2257-2008; Amann, Rudolf/C-6534-2014 OI Amann, Rudolf/0000-0002-0846-7372 NR 65 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1266 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01244.x PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 161LI UT WOS:000246016000012 PM 17472638 ER PT J AU Klaus, JS Janse, I Heikoop, JM Sanford, RA Fouke, BW AF Klaus, James S. Janse, Ingmar Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Sanford, Robert A. Fouke, Bruce W. TI Coral microbial communities, zooxanthellae and mucus along gradients of seawater depth and coastal pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BAND-DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL VARIATION; DIVERSITY; HEALTHY; JAMAICA; TISSUE; CYANOBACTERIUM; SYMBIODINIUM AB The high incidence of coral disease in shallow coastal marine environments suggests seawater depth and coastal pollution have an impact on the microbial communities inhabiting healthy coral tissues. A study was undertaken to determine how bacterial communities inhabiting tissues of the coral Montastraea annularis change at 5 m, 10 m and 20 m water depth in varying proximity to the urban centre and seaport of Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Analyses of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (TRFLP) of 16S rRNA gene sequences show significant differences in bacterial communities of polluted and control localities only at the shallowest seawater depth. Furthermore, distinct differences in bacterial communities were found with increasing water depth. Comparisons of TRFLP peaks with sequenced clone libraries indicate the black band disease cyanobacterium clone CD1C11 is common and most abundant on healthy corals in less than 10 m water depth. Similarly, sequences belonging to a previously unrecognized group of likely phototrophic bacteria, herein referred to as CAB-1, were also more common in shallow water. To assess the influence of environmental and physiologic factors on bacterial community structure, canonical correspondence analysis was performed using explanatory variables associated with: (i) light availability; (ii) seawater pollution; (iii) coral mucus composition; (iv) the community structure of symbiotic algae; and (v) the photosynthetic activity of symbiotic algae. Eleven per cent of the variation in bacterial communities was accounted for by covariation with these variables; the most important being photosynthetically active radiation (sunlight) and the coral uptake of sewage-derived compounds as recorded by the delta N-15 of coral tissue. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klaus, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jklaus@rsmas.miami.edu RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; OI Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 NR 69 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1305 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01249.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 161LI UT WOS:000246016000015 PM 17472641 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Kozai, N Sakamoto, F Nankawa, T Suzuki, Y Francis, AJ AF Ohnuki, Toshihiko yOshida, Takahiro Ozaki, Takuo Kozai, Naofumi sakamoto, Fuminori Nankawa, Takuya Suzuki, Yoshinori Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Chemical speciation and association of plutonium with bacteria, kaolinite clay, and their mixture SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-SERUM; PU; BENTONITE; SORPTION; AM; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT; SOLUBILITY; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION AB We investigated the interactions of Pu(VI) with Bacillus subtilis, kaolinite clay, and a mixture of the two to determine and delineate the role of the microbes in regulating the environmental mobility of Pu. The bacteria, the kaolinite, and their mixture were exposed to a 4 x 10(-4) M Pu(VI) solution at pH 5.0. The amount of Pu sorbed by B. subtilis increased with time, but had not reached equilibrium in 48 h, whereas equilibrium was attained in kaolinite within 8 h. After 48 h, the oxidation state of Pu in the solutions exposed to B. subtilis and the mixture had changed to Pu(V), whereas the oxidation state of Pu associated with B. subtilis and the mixture was Pu(IV). Exudates released from B. subtilis reduced Pu(VI) to Pu(V). In contrast, there was no change in the oxidation state of Pu in the solution or on kaolinite after exposure to Pu(VI). Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectrometry analysis indicated that most of the Pu in the mixture was associated with B. subtilis. These results suggest that Pu(IV) is preferably sorbed to bacterial cells in the mixture and that Pu(VI) is reduced to Pu(V) and Pu(IV). C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Eco Topia Sci Inst, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Mat Phys & Energy Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ohnuki.toshihiko@jaea.go.jp NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3134 EP 3139 DI 10.1021/es061207g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166HZ UT WOS:000246371100022 PM 17539516 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Castorina, R Harnly, ME Kuwabara, Y Eskenazi, B Bradman, A AF McKone, Thomas E. Castorina, Rosemary Harnly, Martha E. Kuwabara, Yu Eskenazi, Brenda Bradman, Asa TI Merging models and biomonitoring data to characterize sources and pathways of human exposure to organophosphorous pesticides in the salinas Valley of California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; MULTIPLE PATHWAYS; RISK ASSESSMENTS; MULTIMEDIA FATE; POPULATION; WOMEN; WATER; METABOLITES; POLLUTANTS AB We characterize cumulative intakes of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides in an agricultural region of California by drawing on human biomonitoring data, California pesticide use reporting (PUR) data, and limited environmental samples together with outputs from the CalTOX multimedia, multipathway, source-to-dose model. The study population is the CHAMACOS cohort of almost 600 pregnant Latina women in the Salinas Valley region. We use model estimates of OP intake and urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolite excretion to develop premises about relative contributions from different exposure sources and pathways. We evaluate these premises by comparing the magnitude and variation of DAPs in the CHAMACOS cohort with those of the whole U.S. population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This comparison supports the premise that diet is the common and dominant exposure pathway in both populations. Biomarker comparisons and model results support the observation that, relative to NHANES, the CHAMACOS population has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) added intake of OP pesticides with low inter-individual variability. We attribute the magnitude and small variance of this intake to residential nondietary exposures from local agricultural OP uses. These results show that mass-balance models can estimate exposures for OP pesticides within the range measured by biological monitoring. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM temckone@LBL.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3233 EP 3240 DI 10.1021/es0618447 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166HZ UT WOS:000246371100037 PM 17539531 ER PT J AU Carmi, S Wu, Z Lopez, E Havlin, S Stanley, HE AF Carmi, S. Wu, Z. Lopez, E. Havlin, S. Stanley, H. Eugene TI Transport between multiple users in complex networks SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM FLOW; GRAPHS AB We study the transport properties of model networks such as scale-free and Erdos-Renyi networks as well as a real network. We consider few possibilities for the trnasport problem. We start by studying the conductance G between two arbitrarily chosen nodes where each link has the same unit resistance. Our theoretical analysis for scale-free networks predicts a broad range of values of G, with a power-law tail distribution phi(SF)(G) similar to G-(9G), where g(G)=2 lambda-1, and lambda is the decay exponent for the scale-free network degree distribution. The power-law tail in phi(SF)(G) leads to large values of G, thereby significantly improving the transport in scale-free networks, compared to Erdos-Renyi networks where the tail of the conductivity distribution decays exponentially. We develop a simple physical picture of the transport to account for the results. The other model for transport is the max-flow model, where conductance is defined as the number of link-independent paths between the two nodes, and find that a similar picture holds. The effects of distance on the value of conductance are considered for both models, and some differences emerge. We then extend our study to the case of multiple sources ans sinks, where the transport is defined between two groups of nodes. We find a fundamental difference between the two forms of flow when considering the quality of the transport with respect to the number of sources, and find an optimal number of sources, or users, for the max-flow case. A qualitative (and partially quantitative) explanation is also given. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Minerva Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carmi, S (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Minerva Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM scarmi@shoshi.ph.biu.ac.il RI Carmi, Shai/F-4817-2010 OI Carmi, Shai/0000-0002-0188-2610 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2007-00129-0 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 178UE UT WOS:000247244800008 ER PT J AU Edwards, BS Young, SM Saunders, MJ Bologa, C Oprea, TI Ye, RD Prossnitz, ER Graves, SW Sklar, LA AF Edwards, Bruce S. Young, Susan M. Saunders, Matthew J. Bologa, Cristian Oprea, Tudor I. Ye, Richard D. Prossnitz, Eric R. Graves, Steven W. Sklar, Larry A. TI High-throughput flow cytometry for drug discovery SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Review DE flow cytometry; fluorescence; formylpeptide receptor; formylpeptide receptor-like 1; high-content; high-throughput screening; Molecular Libraries Screening Network; NIH roadmap; protease AB High-throughput flow cytometry exploits a novel many-samples/one-file approach to dramatically speed data acquisition, limit aspirated sample volume to as little as 2 mu l/well and produce multisample data sets that facilitate automated analysis of samples in groups as well as individually. It has been successfully applied to both cell- and microsphere-based bioassays in 96- and 384-well formats, to screen tens-of-thousands of compounds and identify novel bioactive structures. High-content multiparametric analysis capabilities have been exploited for assay multiplexing, allowing the assessment of biologic selectivity and specificity to be an integral component of primary screens. These and other advances in the last decade have contributed to the application of flow cytometry as a uniquely powerful tool for probing biologic and chemical diversity and complex systems biology. C1 [Edwards, Bruce S.; Young, Susan M.; Sklar, Larry A.] UNM HSC, CRTC, Cytometry & Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Saunders, Matthew J.; Graves, Steven W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bologa, Cristian; Oprea, Tudor I.] UNM HSC, Off Biocomp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ye, Richard D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Prossnitz, Eric R.] UNM HSC, CRTC, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Edwards, BS (reprint author), UNM HSC, CRTC, Cytometry & Dept Pathol, MS08-4630, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bedwards@salud.unm.edu RI Oprea, Tudor/A-5746-2011; Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; Bologa, Cristian/A-7952-2010; Ye, Richard/O-5223-2016; OI Oprea, Tudor/0000-0002-6195-6976; Bologa, Cristian/0000-0003-2232-4244; Ye, Richard/0000-0002-2164-5620; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 FU NIH [R03 MH076381-01, U54 MH074425-01]; New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center; University of New Mexico Shared Flow Cytometry Resource and Cancer Research and Treatment Center FX This work was supported by NIH R03 MH076381-01, U54 MH074425-01, the New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, the University of New Mexico Shared Flow Cytometry Resource and Cancer Research and Treatment Center. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1746-0441 J9 EXPERT OPIN DRUG DIS JI Expert. Opin. Drug Discov. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1517/17460441.2.5.685 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V12RR UT WOS:000207616800007 PM 23488958 ER PT J AU Jakoncic, J Jouanneau, Y Meyer, C Stojanoff, V AF Jakoncic, Jean Jouanneau, Yves Meyer, Christine Stojanoff, Vivian TI The crystal structure of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1 SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; crystal structure; heavy molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TERMINAL OXYGENASE COMPONENT; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS; 1,2-DIOXYGENASE; DEGRADATION; PROGRAM; STRAIN AB The ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD) from Sphingomonas CHY-1 is remarkable due to its ability to initiate the oxidation of a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including PAHs containing four- and five-fused rings, known pollutants for their toxic nature. Although the terminal oxygenase from CHY-1 exhibits limited sequence similarity with well characterized RHDs from the naphthalene dioxygenase family, the crystal structure determined to 1.85 angstrom by molecular replacement revealed the enzyme to share the same global alpha(3)beta(3) structural pattern. The catalytic domain distinguishes itself from other bacterial non-heme Rieske iron oxygenases by a substantially larger hydrophobic substrate binding pocket, the largest ever reported for this type of enzyme. While residues in the proximal region close to the mononuclear iron atom are conserved, the central region of the catalytic pocket is shaped mainly by the side chains of three amino acids, Phe350, Phe404 and Leu356, which contribute to the rather uniform trapezoidal shape of the pocket. Two flexible loops, LI and LII, exposed to the solvent seem to control the substrate access to the catalytic pocket and control the pocket length. Compared with other naphthalene dioxygenases residues Leu223 and Leu226, on loop LI, are moved towards the solvent, thus elongating the catalytic pocket by at least 2 angstrom. An 11 angstrom long water channel extends from the interface between the alpha and beta subunits to the catalytic site. The comparison of these structures with other known oxygenases suggests that the broad substrate specificity presented by the CHY-1 oxygenase is primarily due to the large size and particular topology of its catalytic pocket and provided the basis for the study of its reaction mechanism. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CEA, Lab Biochim & Biophys Syst Integres, DSV, DRDC, Grenoble, France. CEA, CNRS, UMR 5092, Grenoble, France. RP Stojanoff, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vivian.stojanoff@gmail.com RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-0080] NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 274 IS 10 BP 2470 EP 2481 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05783.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 161QG UT WOS:000246029800004 PM 17451434 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, JA Chromy, B Echeverry, A Yang, J Adkins, B Plano, GV McCutchen-Maloney, S Schesser, K AF Rosenzweig, Jason A. Chromy, Brett Echeverry, Andrea Yang, Jing Adkins, Becky Plano, Gregory V. McCutchen-Maloney, Sandra Schesser, Kurt TI Polynucleotide phosphorylase independently controls virulence factor expression levels and export in Yersinia spp. SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia; secretion; Yops; PNPase ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; RNA-BINDING DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; REGULATE EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; S1 DOMAIN; PESTIS; PROTEIN; ENTEROCOLITICA AB Previously, it was shown that optimal functioning of the Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS) in cell culture infection assays requires the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and that normal T3SS activity could be restored in the Delta pnp strains by expressing just the similar to 70-aa S1 RNA-binding domain of PNPase. Here, it is shown that the Yersinia Delta pnp strain is less virulent in the mouse compared with the isogenic wild-type strain. To begin to understand what could be limiting T3SS activity in the absence of PNPase, T3SS-encoding transcripts and proteins in the Yersinia Delta pnp strains were analyzed. Surprisingly, it was found that the Delta pnp Yersinia strains possessed enhanced levels of T3SS-encoding transcripts and proteins compared with the wild-type strains. We then found that an S1 variant containing a disruption in its RNA-binding subdomain was inactive in terms of restoring normal T3SS activity. However, T3SS expression levels did not differ between Delta pnp strains expressing active and inactive S1 proteins, further showing that T3SS activity and expression levels, at least as related to PNPase and its S1 domain, are not linked. The results suggest that PNPase affects the expression and activity of the T3SS by distinct mechanisms and that the S1-dependent effect on T3SS activity involves an RNA intermediate. C1 Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Schesser, K (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, POB 016960 R-138, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM kschesser@med.miami.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI53459, AI50552] NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 270 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00689.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 156UH UT WOS:000245674900012 PM 17391372 ER PT J AU Sloter, ED Marchetti, F Eskenazi, B Weldon, RH Nath, J Cabreros, D Wyrobek, AJ AF Sloter, Eddie D. Marchetti, Francesco Eskenazi, Brenda Weldon, Rosana H. Nath, Joginder Cabreros, Debby Wyrobek, Andrew J. TI Frequency of human sperm carrying structural aberrations of chromosome 1 increases with advancing age SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE male age; human sperm; structural aberrations; chromosome 1; sperm FISH ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; TANDEM DNA PROBES; PATERNAL-AGE; MULTICOLOR FISH; HEALTHY-MEN; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; 1CEN-1Q12 REGION; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; MATERNAL AGE AB Objective: To investigate the association between male age and the frequency of sperm with de novo structural chromosomal abnormalities. Design: Semen specimens collected from two groups of 10 healthy, nonsmoking men, aged 22-28 and 65-80 years, were analyzed with the use of a multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for detecting breaks, segmental duplications and deletions, and aneuploidy and diploidy involving chromosome 1. Setting: Healthy volunteer workers and retirees from a government research environment. Main Outcome Measure: Sperm carrying numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Result(s): We detected significant increases in the frequency of sperm carrying breaks and segmental duplications and deletions of chromosome I among older men compared with younger men. Older men carried twice the frequency of sperm with segmental duplications and deletions of chromosome 1. The frequency of sperm carrying breaks within the 1q12 fragile-site region nearly doubled in older men. In contrast to female gametes, there was no effect of age on the frequency of sperm with numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that advancing male age is associated with a gradual and significant increase in the risk of fathering children with various chromosomal defects such as segmental aneusomy syndromes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biosci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biosci Directorate, 1 Cyclotron Rd,74R0157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajwyrobek@lbl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P42ES0470511] NR 83 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1077 EP 1086 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.08.112 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 169HP UT WOS:000246583600013 PM 17433321 ER PT J AU Argurio, R Bertolini, M Franco, S Kachru, S AF Argurio, Riccardo Bertolini, Matteo Franco, Sebastian Kachru, Shamit TI Metastable supersymmetry breaking and gauge/gravity duality SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We discuss metastable supersymmetry breaking states in gauge theories and in their gravity duals. We then engineer a quiver gauge theory with several interesting features by studying D-branes at a simple Calabi-Yau singularity. At weak 't Hooft coupling we argue using field theory techniques that it admits, besides the supersymmetric vacua, also metastable non-supersymmetric vacua, though the arguments indicating the existence of the latter are not decisive. At strong 't Hooft coupling we present a simple candidate gravity dual description for both sets of vacua. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, Phys Theor & Math & Int Solvay Inst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. SISSA, ISAS, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Argurio, R (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Phys Theor & Math & Int Solvay Inst, Cp 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM rargurio@ulb.ac.be; bertmat@sissa.it; stranco@feynman.princeton.edu; skachru@stanford.edu OI Bertolini, Matteo/0000-0002-7721-0773 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PD MAY-JUL PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5-7 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1002/prop.200610338 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176RU UT WOS:000247103400021 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Lee, GY Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, Paraic A. Lee, Genee Y. Bissell, Mina J. TI Targeting the tumor microenvironment SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tumor microenvironment; cancer; cancer therapy; stromal-epithelial interaction; review ID RECOMBINANT HUMAN ENDOSTATIN; ADVANCED SOLID TUMORS; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MAMMARY-CARCINOMA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STROMAL CELLS; ASPIRIN USE; PHASE-I; PROGRESSION AB Despite some notable successes cancer remains, for the most part, a seemingly intractable problem. There is, however, a growing appreciation that targeting the tumor epithelium in isolation is not sufficient as there is an intricate mutually sustaining synergy between the tumor epithelial cells and their surrounding stroma. As the details of this dialogue emerge, new therapeutic targets have been proposed. The FDA has already approved drugs targeting microenvironmental components such as VEGF and aromatase and many more agents are in the pipeline. In this article, we describe some of the "druggable" targets and processes within the tumor microenvironment and review the approaches being taken to disrupt these interactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kenny, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pakenny@lbl.gov; mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA64786, CA57621, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, R37 CA064786] NR 67 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 10 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 12 BP 3468 EP 3474 DI 10.2741/2327 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 163KG UT WOS:000246157900057 PM 17485314 ER PT J AU Seurynck-Servoss, SL Baird, CL Rodland, KD Zangar, RC AF Seurynck-Servoss, Shannon L. Baird, Cheryl L. Rodland, Karin D. Zangar, Richard C. TI Surface chemistries for antibody microarrays SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK LA English DT Article DE ELISA; antibody; microarray; solid support; review ID PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; CANCER BIOMARKERS; SUPPORT MATERIALS; DNA MICROARRAYS; MASS-TRANSPORT; SOLID SUPPORTS; IMMUNOASSAYS; IMMOBILIZATION; SENSITIVITY; MONOLAYERS AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarrays promise to be a powerful tool for the detection of disease biomarkers. The original technology for printing ELISA microarray chips and capturing antibodies on slides was derived from the DNA microarray field. However, due to the need to maintain antibody structure and function when immobilized, surface chemistries used for DNA microarrays are not always appropriate for ELISA microarrays. In order to identify better surface chemistries for antibody capture, a number of commercial companies and academic research groups have developed new slide types that could improve antibody function in microarray applications. In this review we compare and contrast the commercially available slide chemistries, as well as highlight some promising recent advances in the field. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Zangar, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.zangar@pnl.gov RI Baird, Cheryl/F-6569-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA117378, Y1-CN-5014] NR 54 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 26 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK JI Front. Biosci. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 12 BP 3956 EP 3964 DI 10.2741/2362 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 163KG UT WOS:000246157900092 PM 17485349 ER PT J AU Uckan, NA AF Uckan, Nermin A. TI Comments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uckan, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,Ms-6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800001 ER PT J AU Haan, SW Amendt, PA Callahan, DA Dittrich, TR Edwards, MJ Hammel, BA Ho, DD Jones, OS Lindl, JD Marinak, MM Munro, DH Pollaine, SM Salmonson, JD Spears, BK Suter, LJ AF Haan, S. W. Amendt, P. A. Callahan, D. A. Dittrich, T. R. Edwards, M. J. Hammel, B. A. Ho, D. D. Jones, O. S. Lindl, J. D. Marinak, M. M. Munro, D. H. Pollaine, S. M. Salmonson, J. D. Spears, B. K. Suter, L. J. TI Update on specifications for NIF ignition targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID FACILITY AB Targets intended to produce ignition on NIF are being simulated and the simulations used to set specifications for target fabrication. Recent design work has focused on refining the designs that use 1.0 MJ of laser energy, with ablators of Be(Cu), CH(Ge), and diamond-like C. The main-line hohlraum design now has a He gas fill, a wall of U-Au layers, and no shields as were formerly used between the capsule and the laser entrance holes. The emphasis in this presentation will be on changes in the requirements over the last year, and on the characteristics of the diamond-ablator design. Complete tables of specifications have been prepared for all of the targets. All the specifications are rolled together into an error budget indicating adequate margin for ignition with all of the designs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haan, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haan1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 509 EP 513 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800003 ER PT J AU Huang, H Kozioziemski, BJ Stephens, RB Nikroo, A Eddinger, SA Chen, KC Xu, HW Moreno, KA AF Huang, H. Kozioziemski, B. J. Stephens, R. B. Nikroo, A. Eddinger, S. A. Chen, K. C. Xu, H. W. Moreno, K. A. TI Quantitative radiography: Submicron dimension calibration for ICF ablator shell characterization SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID HARD X-RAYS; PHASE-CONTRAST; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; OBJECTS AB National Ignition Facility (NIF) ignition target specifications require submicron dimensional measurement accuracy for the spherical ablator shell, which requires the proper corrections of various distortions induced by the imaging lens, the point projection geometry, and x-ray refraction. The procedures we developed allow measurement accuracies of 0. 5 mu m for the capsule diameter, +/- 0.2 Mm for the out-of-round (which is the amplitude of the radius variations), +/- 0.3,um for the wall thickness (including each sub-layer), and +/- 0.1 pin for wall thickness profile. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM huang@fusion.gat.com OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800005 ER PT J AU Seugling, RM Nederbragt, WW Klingmann, JL Edson, SL Reynolds, JL Cook, RC AF Seugling, Richard M. Nederbragt, Walter W. Klingmann, Jeffery L. Edson, Stanley L. Reynolds, Jack L. Cook, Robert C. TI Design and use of a novel apparatus for measuring capsule fill hole conductance SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID COATINGS; TARGETS AB Description and results of a novel apparatus for determining the flow conductance through a laser drilled hole in a spherical shell for inertial confinement fusion experiments are described. The instrument monitors the pressure of an enclosed volume containing the laser drilled capsule as air bleeds through the hole into the shell. From these measurements one obtains the conductance of the fill hole. This system has proven to be a valuable tool for verifying the conductance into the capsule in a timely and nondestructive manner. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Seugling, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM seugling2@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 539 EP 543 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800008 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Alford, CS Cooley, JC Dixon, LA Hackenberg, RE Letts, SA Moreno, KA Nikroo, A Wall, JR Youngblood, KP AF Xu, H. W. Alford, C. S. Cooley, J. C. Dixon, L. A. Hackenberg, R. E. Letts, S. A. Moreno, K. A. Nikroo, A. Wall, J. R. Youngblood, K. P. TI Beryllium capsule coating development for NIF targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID SHELLS; SPECIFICATIONS; ABLATORS; SURFACE AB Various morphologies have been observed in sputter-deposited Be ablator capsules, including nodular growth, cone growth and twisted grain growth. By devising an agitation method that includes both bouncing and rolling the spherical mandrels during deposition, and by reducing the coating rate, consistent columnar grain structure has now been obtained up to 170 mm. Low mode deformation of the shells is observed on thin CH mandrels, but is suppressed if stiffer mandrels are used. Ablator density measured by weighing and x-ray radiography is 93%-95% of bulk density of Be. Transmission electron microscopy shows 100-200nm size voids in the film and striations inside the grains. Be shells produced with rolling agitation have met most Of the NIF specifications. Some of the few remaining issues will be discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, HW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM xuh@fusion.gat.com RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800010 ER PT J AU Nikroo, A Xu, HW Moreno, KA Youngblood, KP Cooley, J Alford, CS Letts, SA Cook, RC AF Nikroo, A. Xu, H. W. Moreno, K. A. Youngblood, K. P. Cooley, J. Alford, C. S. Letts, S. A. Cook, R. C. TI Investigation of deuterium permeability of sputtered beryllium and graded copper-doped beryllium shells SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; NIF TARGET CAPSULES; MULTILAYERS; FABRICATION; OXIDATION; MANDREL AB Graded copper-doped Be shells have been fabricated by sputter coating on spherical mandrels. While such coatings have consistent microstructure and acceptable void content and size, we have found that they suffer from sufficient interconnected porosity leading to relatively rapid gas leakage. In this paper, we present an extensive study of D-2 leakage out of Be shells made by sputter coating. The leakage appears to follow molecular flow dynamics as determined by examining the temperature dependence of the flow. Furthermore, the time dependence of the leakage suggests that the flow channels are nanometerish in diameter, propagating through the thickness of the coating, possibly brought about by residual stress in the coatings. We have investigated the D2 leakage time constant as a function of a large number of coating parameters, including the effect of introducing boron-doped layers. Addition of thin 0.25 mu m amorphous boron-doped layers near the inside surface has been most effective in producing shells with long time constants (greater than 7 days to immeasurable) with yield of greater than 50%. There is still substantial scatter in the data, even within a given coating batch, suggesting a possible stochastic cracking process driven by residual stress in the coating. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nikroo, A (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM nikroo@fusion.gat.com RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800011 ER PT J AU Cook, RC AF Cook, Robert C. TI Implications for the cryogenic fielding of leaking beryllium capsules SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; TARGETS AB In this paper we show that the ambient temperature measured leakage time constant, tau(RT), is related to the leakage at cryogenic temperature, R-C, by RC = 0.23 rho DTVsh / tau(RT) where PDT is the density of cryogenic DT vapor, and Vh is the internal volume of the shell. We then calculate the size of voids that may result from leakage at the Be/DT interface, depending upon the number of leakage sites and tau RT. Even for the slowest leakers the potential void growth is excessive. Reasons that voids have not been seen in DT layering experiments to date include the lack of a technique to see isolated micronish bubbles, however possible mechanisms preventing voidformation are also discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bobcook@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 559 EP 563 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800012 ER PT J AU Bhandarkar, S Letts, SA Buckley, S Alford, C Lindsey, E Hughes, J Youngblood, KP Moreno, K Xu, H Huang, H Nikroo, A AF Bhandarkar, S. Letts, S. A. Buckley, S. Alford, C. Lindsey, E. Hughes, J. Youngblood, K. P. Moreno, K. Xu, H. Huang, H. Nikroo, A. TI Removal of the mandrel from beryllium sputter coated capsules for NIF targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID NICKEL; FABRICATION; COATINGS; KINETICS; SURFACE; FUSION AB The choice of the mandrel material has a significant bearing on the properties of the sputter-coated beryllium shell needed for NIF targets. Here, we present our work on screening four mandrel materials, their impact on the Be shell and issues related to their subsequent removal. Beryllium shells sputter deposited on hollow glow discharge polymer or GDP spheres met most of the target specifications. However, they had greater opacity due to partial oxidation of the Be during the GDP burnout step. Poly (a-methyl styrene), silicon and nickel beads were explored as alternative mandrels but were plagued with problems such as cracking of the Be shell or incomplete removal. The most promising approach was a two-step coating process mediated by a thin 6,um Be mandrel that is made using GDP. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bhandarkar, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bhandarkar1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 564 EP 571 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800013 ER PT J AU Youngblood, KP Moreno, KA Nikroo, A Huang, H Lee, YT Letts, SA Alford, CS Buckley, SR AF Youngblood, K. P. Moreno, K. A. Nikroo, A. Huang, H. Lee, Y. T. Letts, S. A. Alford, C. S. Buckley, S. R. TI Removal of GDP mandrels from sputter-coated beryllium capsules for NIF targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID OXIDATION; COATINGS AB Ablative targets for the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) have been fabricated by sputter coating spherical mandrels made of glow discharge polymer (GDP) with graded copper doped beryllium (Be) layers. The inner mandrel must be completely removed to meet specific ignition design requirements. The process of removing the mandrel requires elevated temperature in the presence of oxygen. However, elevating the temperature in air also oxidizes the Be and can cause blistering on the inner surface of the Be shell. This paper will discuss a refined technique, which removes the GDP mandrel without compromising the integrity of the inner Be surface. The oxygen gradient that develops during the mandrel removal and the impact of its presence will also be discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Youngblood, KP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM youngblood1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800014 ER PT J AU Chen, KC Lee, YT Huang, H Gibson, JB Nikroo, A Johnson, MA Mapoles, E AF Chen, K. C. Lee, Y. T. Huang, H. Gibson, J. B. Nikroo, A. Johnson, M. A. Mapoles, E. TI Reduction of isolated defects on Ge doped CH capsules to below ignition specifications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID FABRICATION; MICROSHELLS; SHELLS AB The NIF Ge-doped CH capsule should be free of isolated defects on the outer surface. The allowed number and dimensions of large isolated defects over the entire capsule surface is given by the isolated feature specification. To date NIF-thickness (146,um) capsules are plagued by a few isolated large domes on the outer surfaces that otherwise meet the atomic force microscope (AFM) spheremap modal power spectra specification. The large domes on the capsule surfaces were mostly caused by particulate contamination from the wear of an agitation tapping solenoid inside the coater. By eliminating the solenoid and using an alternate rotation agitation, most thick-walled capsules become free of large isolated defects and meet the AFM spheremap modal power spectra standard. The number and size of the isolated defects on the outer surface were characterized with a high resolution phase-shifting diffractive spherical interferometer and checked against the NIF isolated defect specification. The results show the isolated defects on the rolled capsule are below the isolated defect specification. The growth modeling of the remaining nanometer-height domes on the capsules indicates most of these small domes come ftom the mandrel surface. The rolled capsules meet the layer thickness, doping levels and wall thickness specifications and have good wall uniformity of +/- 0.1-0.2 mu m. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, KC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM chenkc@fusion.gat.com NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800018 ER PT J AU Bono, M Bennett, D Castro, C Satcher, J Poco, J Brown, B Martz, H Teslich, N Hibbard, R Hamza, A Amendt, P Robey, H Milovich, J Wallace, R AF Bono, Matthew Bennett, Don Castro, Carlos Satcher, Joe Poco, John Brown, Bill Martz, Harry Teslich, Nick Hibbard, Robin Hamza, Alex Amendt, Peter Robey, Harry Milovich, Jose Wallace, Russell TI Fabrication of double shell targets with a glass inner capsule supported by SiO2 aerogel for shots on the Omega laser in 2006 SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID FUSION AB Indirectly driven double shell implosions are being investigated as a possible noncryogenic path to ignition on the National Ignition Facility. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has made several technological advances that have produced double shell targets that represent a significant improvement to previously fielded targets. The inner capsule is supported inside the ablator shell by SiO2 aerogel with a nominal density of 50 mg/cm(3). The aerogel is cast around the inner capsule and then machined concentric to it. The seamless sphere of aerogel containing the embedded capsule is then assembled between the two halves of the ablator shell. The concentricity between the two shells has been improved to less than 1.5 mu m. The ablator shell consists of two hemispherical shells that mate at a step joint that incorporates a gap with a nominal thickness of 0.1 mu m. Using a new flexure-based tool holder that precisely positions the diamond cutting tool on the diamond turning machine, step discontinuities on the inner surface of the ablator of less than 0.5 mu m have been achieved. New methods have been used to comprehensively characterize each of the targets using high-resolution x-ray imaging systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bono, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bono1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 611 EP 625 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800021 ER PT J AU Takagi, M Saito, K Frederick, C Nikroo, A Cook, R AF Takagi, Masaru Saito, Kyle Frederick, Christopher Nikroo, Abbas Cook, Robert TI Fabrication and attachment of polyimide fill tubes to plastic NIF capsules SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB We have developed a technique for drawing commercially available polyimide tubing to the required fill tube dimensions. The tubes are then precisely cut with an Excimer laser to produce a clean, flat tip. We have also demonstrated that one can use the Excimer laser to drill less than a 5 pm diameter through hole in the similar to 150 wall of a NIF dimension GDP shell, and can then create a 10-15,mu m diameter, 20-40,mu m deep counterbore centered on the through hole with the same laser. Using a home built assembly station the tube is carefully inserted into the counterbore and glued in place with UV-cure epoxy, using a LED UV source to avoid heating the joint. We expect that the same joining technique can be used for Be shells. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Takagi, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM takagi@fusion.gat.com NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 638 EP 642 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800024 ER PT J AU Frederick, CA Back, CA Nikroo, A Takagi, M AF Frederick, C. A. Back, C. A. Nikroo, A. Takagi, M. TI Fabrication of multiple fill tube targets for Sandia National Laboratory SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID SHELLS; NIF AB Target design for the National Ignition Facility requires either a glass or polyimide (PI) fill tube. To study the hydrodynamic effects that are introduced by a fill tube during capsule implosion, fill tube targets were fabricated for experiments at the Z-Pinch facility. Three and four fill tube targets were designed and fabricated to maximize data during each experiment. Targets were made with PI and glass fill tubes on the same capsule to study the shadowing differences between glass and plastic fill tubes. Four tube targets were fabricated with diameters ranging from 10-45 pin to study the effect diameter has on implosion characteristics. Capsules were coated with a germanium-doped layer of glow discharge polymer. Blind holes were drilled in the capsules using an excimer laser. Fill tubes were fabricated using modified capillary pullers and assembly was done on a specially designed assembly station designed for fill tube fabrication. Targets were characterized by optical microscopy and by micron resolution x-ray tomography. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frederick, CA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM frederick@fusion.gat.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 647 EP 650 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800026 ER PT J AU Paguio, RR Takagi, M Thi, M Hund, JF Nikroo, A Paguio, S Luo, R Greenwood, AL Acenas, O Chowdhury, S AF Paguio, R. R. Takagi, M. Thi, M. Hund, J. F. Nikroo, A. Paguio, S. Luo, R. Greenwood, A. L. Acenas, O. Chowdhury, S. TI Improving the wall uniformity of resorcinol formaldehyde foam shells by modifying emulsion components SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID INTERFACIAL-TENSION; FABRICATION; MANDRELS AB Previously we have developed a production process for both standard density (100 mg/cc) and high-density (180-200 mg/cc) resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) foam shells with a triple orifice droplet generator. These foam shells are needed for direct drive inertial confinement laser fusion experiments on the OMEGA laser facility at the University of Rochester. Although this process has been developed into production mode, the yield of high density RF (HDRF) and standard density (SDRF) shells with acceptable wall uniformity has been poor. This yield depends on the type of RF shell that is being fabricated For HDRF this yield is similar to 5% while for the SDRF shells the yield is similar to 30%. We have made improvements in the yield of these shells that meet the wall uniformity specification by modifying the composition of the outer oil solution (02) in the microencapsulation emulsion. This improvement was achieved by a small addition (0.60 wt.%) of a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer into the outer oil (02) solution that increased the interfacial tension of the emulsion system as well as the viscosity of the 02 solution. This modification improved the out of round and concentricity of the RF foam shells resulting in an increase in the yield of shells that meet the target wall uniformity specifications. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Paguio, RR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM paguior@fusion.gat.com NR 15 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 682 EP 687 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800032 ER PT J AU DeFriend, KA Espinoza, B Patterson, B AF DeFriend, Kimberly A. Espinoza, Brent Patterson, Brian TI Templating silica aerogel with polystyrene to improve their mechnical properties SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID TARGETS AB The sol-gel methods applied in the synthesis of aerogels lead to the formation of a disordered silica network. The resulting aerogel has poor structural definition that leads to poor mechanical properties. The work presented details our efforts to create a new hierarchical mesoporous silica aerogel. These meso-porous aerogels were formed utilizing a templating technique using polystyrene beads with varying diameters, 50 nm to 2 pm, dispersed during sol-gel polymerization. The resulting gel was super-critically dried creating a silica aerogel templated with polystyrene beads. The polystyrene beads were then thermal oxidized creating meso-porous silica aerogel monolith. The surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and mechanical properties of the templated aerogels were determined Interestingly the mechanical properties of the meso-porous aerogel were significantly improved These improvements appear to be directly related to the polystyrene bead diameter and loading. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP DeFriend, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM defriend@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 693 EP 700 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800034 ER PT J AU Day, RD Brooks, PM Edwards, RL Garcia, FP Grim, GP Nobile, A Schmidt, DW Snow, RC Valdez, AC AF Day, Robert D. Brooks, Paul M. Edwards, Randall L. Garcia, Felix P. Grim, Gary P. Nobile, Arthur, Jr. Schmidt, Derek W. Snow, Ronald C. Valdez, Adelaida C. TI Fabrication of a 3x3 neutron pinhole array SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFSM) CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA ID CONFINEMENT FUSION EXPERIMENTS AB Neutron imaging diagnostics are needed for understanding the principles of fusion ignition. Current experiments on the University of Rochester OMEGA laser facility and future experiments at the NIF require a new level of complexity in neutron diagnostics that has not yet been achieved. Previous shots have fielded a one dimensional pinhole array to gather an image of a sphere's neutron emission during the implosion. This one dimensional pinhole array that consisted of two pinholes on a plane was a challenging manufacturing task and was a substantial accomplishment for its time. Future neutron imaging diagnostics will require a two dimensional pinhole array to gather a more comprehensive set of data. This two dimensional pinhole array, consisting of 3 pinholes one three planes to form a 3x3 array of pinholes, added a new level of complexity to the manufacturability. A method for fabricating this pinhole array was developed and the finished instrument was fielded in July and October 2006 This paper describes the fabrication process to producing this pinhole array and shows some of the early data taken with it at the Omega facility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rdday@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 173ZK UT WOS:000246910800046 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS Layden, TJ AF Perelson, Alan S. Layden, Thomas J. TI Ribavirin: Is it a mutagen for hepatitis C virus? SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; PEGYLATED INTERFERON; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VIRAL DYNAMICS; THERAPY; INFECTION; GENOTYPE-1; KINETICS; PLACEBO; ALPHA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 2050 EP 2052 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.077 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 167MS UT WOS:000246456400043 PM 17484896 ER PT J AU Soltani-Bejnood, M Thomas, SE Villeneuve, L Schwartz, K Hong, CS McKee, BD AF Soltani-Bejnood, Morvarid Thomas, Sharon E. Villeneuve, Louisa Schwartz, Kierstyn Hong, Chia-sin McKee, Bruce D. TI Role of the mod(mdg4) common region in homolog segregation in Drosophila male meiosis SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION; GYPSY-INDUCED MUTATIONS; CHROMATIN INSULATOR; YELLOW LOCUS; BTB DOMAIN; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; BTB/POZ DOMAIN; MALE-FERTILITY; DNA-BINDING AB Homologons chromosomes must pair and establish stable connections during prophase I of meiosis to segregate reliably from each other at anaphase I. In most organisms, the stable connections, called chiasmata, arise from crossovers. In Drosophila males, homologs pair and segregate without crossing over. Chiasmata are replaced by a homolog conjunction complex that includes the Stromalin in Meiosis (SNM) and Modifier of Mdg4 in Meiosis (MNM) proteins. MNM is one of 31 alternative splice products of mod(mdg4), all of which share a common 402-amino-acid N terminus and differ at their C termini. Previous data demonstrated that an MNM-specific exon is required for homolog conjunction, but did not. address whether the N-terminal common region, which includes a BTB domain that can mediate coalescence of protein-DNA complexes, is also required. Here we describe a mutation in the common region of mad(mdg4), Z3-3401, that causes qualitatively similar phenotypes as the MNM-specific alleles but disrupts X-Y segregation much more drastically than autosomal segregation. The mutant MNM protein in Z3-3401 is expressed throughout prophase I in spermatocytes brit the protein is confined to the cytoplasm, suggesting that the Z3-3401 mutation disrupts a signal required for nuclear localization or retention. Z3-3401 fails to complement a large battery of lethal and semilethal alleles in the common region for meiotic nondisjunction, including an allele containing an amino acid substitution at a conserved residue in the BTB/POZ domain, consistent with a general requirement for the mod(mdg4) common region in homolog segregation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McKee, BD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, M407 Walters Life Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bdmckee@utk.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM40489, R01 GM040489] NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 161 EP 180 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.063289 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900015 PM 17277376 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Heald, SM Jeon, BH Kukkadapu, RK Liu, CX McKinley, JP Dohnalkova, AC Moore, DA AF Zachara, John M. Heald, Steve M. Jeon, Byong-Hun Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Liu, Chongxuan McKinley, James P. Dohnalkova, Alice C. Moore, Dean A. TI Reduction of pertechnetate [Tc(VII)] by aqueous Fe(II) and the nature of solid phase redox products SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCTION; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; FERROUS IRON; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; 6-LINE FERRIHYDRITE; MAGNETITE PARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHROMATE REDUCTION AB The subsurface behaviour of Tc-99, a contaminant resulting from nuclear fuels reprocessing, is dependent on its valence (e.g., IV or VII). Abiotic reduction of soluble Tc(VII) by Fe(II)((aq)) in pH 6-8 solutions was investigated under strictly anoxic conditions using an oxygen trap (< 7.5 x 10(-9) atm O-2). The reduction kinetics were strongly pH dependent. Complete and rapid reduction of Tc(VII) to a precipitated Fe/Tc(IV) form was observed when I I mu mol/L of Tc(VII) was reacted with 0.4 mmol/L Fe(II) at pH 7.0 and 8.0, while no significant reduction was observed over 1 month at pH 6.0. Experiments conducted at pH 7.0 with Fe(II)((aq)) = 0.05-0.8 mmol/L further revealed that Tc(VII) reduction was a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction. Heterogeneous reduction predominated after approximately 0.01 mmol/L of Fe(II) was oxidized. The heterogeneous reaction was more rapid, and was catalyzed by Fe(II) that adsorbed to the Fe/Tc(IV) redox product. Wet chemical and Fe-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy measurements (XANES) showed that Fe(II) and Fe(III) were present in the Fe/Tc(IV) redox products after reaction termination. 57 Fe-Mossbauer, extended X-ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed that the Fe/Tc(IV) solid phase was poorly ordered and dominated by Fe(II)-containing ferrihydrite with minor magnetite. Tc(IV) exhibited homogeneous spatial distribution within the precipitates. According to Tc-EXAFS measurements and structural modeling, its molecular environment was consistent with an octahedral Tc(IV) dimer bound in bidentate edge-sharing mode to octahedral Fe(III) associated with surface or vacancy sites in ferrihydrite. The precipitate maintained Tc(IV)(aq) concentrations that were slightly below those in equilibrium with amorphous Tc(IV)O-2 center dot nH(2)O((s)). The oxidation rate of sorbed Tc(IV) in the Fe/Tc precipitate was considerably slower than Tc(IV)O-2 center dot nH(2)O((s)) as a result of its intraparticle/intragrain residence. Precipitates of this nature may form in anoxic sediments or groundwaters, and the intraparticle residence of sorbed/precipitated Tc(IV) may limit Tc-99 remobilization upon the return of oxidizing conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Yonsei Univ, Kangwon Do 220710, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zachara, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM john.zachara@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Jeon, Byong-Hun/0000-0002-5478-765X NR 79 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2137 EP 2157 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.025 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163NE UT WOS:000246165800001 ER PT J AU Coltice, N Phillips, BR Bertrand, H Ricard, Y Rey, P AF Coltice, N. Phillips, B. R. Bertrand, H. Ricard, Y. Rey, P. TI Global warming of the mantle at the origin of flood basalts over supercontinents SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE continental flood basalts; supercontinent; mantle convection; plumes; large igneous provinces ID ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; CONVECTION MODELS; PLUME; GEOCHEMISTRY; AGGREGATION; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; HOTSPOTS; RECORD; CRATON AB Continents episodically cluster together into a supercontinent, eventually breaking up with intense magmatic activity supposedly caused by mantle plumes (Morgan,1983; Richards et al., 1989; Condie, 2004). The breakup of Pangea, the last supercontinent, was accompanied by the emplacement of the largest known continental flood basalt, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which caused massive extinctions at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (Marzoli et al., 1999). However, there is little support for a plume origin for this catastrophic event (McHone, 2000). On the basis of convection modeling in an internally heated mantle, this paper shows that continental aggregation promotes large-scale melting without requiring the involvement of plumes. When only internal heat sources in the mantle are considered, the formation of a supercontinent causes the enlargement of flow wavelength and a subcontinental increase in temperature as large as 100 C. This temperature increase may lead to large-scale melting without the involvement of plumes. Our results suggest the existence of two distinct types of continental flood basalts, caused by plume or by mantle global warming. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Lab Sci Terre, UMR 5570, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Coltice, N (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Lab Sci Terre, UMR 5570, Bat Geode,2 Rue Raphael Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RI ricard, yanick/C-6287-2009; Bertrand, Herve/E-5068-2011; Rey, Patrice/B-2085-2013 OI ricard, yanick/0000-0002-0998-4670; NR 30 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1130/G23240A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 221UX UT WOS:000250253900002 ER PT J AU Sims, KWW Ackert, RP Ramos, FC Sohn, RA Murrell, MT DePaolo, DJ AF Sims, Kenneth W. W. Ackert, Robert P., Jr. Ramos, Frank C. Sohn, Robert A. Murrell, Michael T. DePaolo, Donald J. TI Determining eruption ages and erosion rates of Quaternary basaltic volcanism from combined U-series disequilibria and cosmogenic exposure ages SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dating Quaternary basalts; U-Th-Ra disequilibria; He-3 and Cl-36 cosmogenic ages; erosion rates ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; LAVA FLOWS; K-AR; AR-40/AR-39; ROCKS; HE-3 AB We present U-238-Th-230 -Ra-226 disequilibria and cosmogenic He-3 and (CI)-C-36 data for the Bluewater flow of the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field in western New Mexico. The U-238-Th-230 disequilibria measured on separated groundmass phases yield an internal isochron age of 68 ka (+24/-20 ka; 2 sigma). This value cannot be directly compared with surface exposure ages unless erosion rates are known. The apparent (zero erosion) ages determined from both the 3 He concentration (47.5 +/- 5 ka; 2 sigma) and the (CI)-C-36 concentration (41.2 +/- 8.8 ka; 2 sigma) are significantly younger than the U-Th isochron age. When minimum estimates of surface erosion based on flow morphology are considered, the 3 He concentrations indicate a minimum exposure age of 60 ka, in good agreement with the U-Th isochron age, with a minimum erosion rate of 1.7 mm/k.y. and an erosion rate as high as 5 mm/k.y. in other locations. Correcting for erosion has little effect on the model (CI)-C-31 age and, as a result, the (CI)-C-36 age is significantly younger than the U-Th isochron age and erosion-corrected He-3 ages; this discordance is attributed to a lack of closed-system behavior in the (CI)-C-36 system. These new ages have local significance for the geochronology of the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field; however, their larger significance is in their applicability to dating Quaternary basalts and quantifying erosion rates. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sims, KWW (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ksims@whoi.edu NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1130/G23381A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 221UX UT WOS:000250253900022 ER PT J AU Hanrahan, TP AF Hanrahan, Timothy P. TI Bedform morphology of salmon spawning areas in a large gravel-bed river SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel morphology; Chinook salmon; river bedform ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; RIFFLE-POOL SEQUENCES; COLUMBIA RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; STREAMBED TOPOGRAPHY; GEOMORPHIC CONTROLS; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; SITE SELECTION; HABITAT; WATER AB While the importance of river channel morphology to salmon spawning habitat is increasingly recognized, quantitative measures of the relationships between channel morphology and habitat use are lacking. Such quantitative measures are necessary as management and regulatory agencies within the Pacific Northwest region of the USA, and elsewhere, seek to quantify potential spawning habitat and develop recovery goals for declining salmon populations. The objective of this study was to determine if fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning areas in the Snake River, Idaho, USA, were correlated with specific bedform types at the pool-riffle scale. A bedform differencing technique was used to objectively quantify the longitudinal riverbed profile into four distinct pool-riffle units that were independent of discharge. The vertical location of thalweg points within these units was quantified with a riffle proximity index. Chinook salmon spawning areas were mapped and correlated with the pool-riffle units through the use of cross-tabulation tables. The results indicate that 84% of fall Chinook salmon spawning areas were correlated with riffles (chi(2)=57.5, df=3, p < 0.001), with 53% of those areas located on the upstream side of riffle crests. The majority of Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning occurred at elevations greater than 80% of the difference in elevation between the nearest riffle crest and pool bottom. The analyses of bedform morphology will assist regional fish managers in quantifying existing and potential fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat, and will provide a quantitative framework for evaluating general ecological implications of channel morphology in large gravel-bed rivers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Hanrahan, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tim.hanrahan@pnl.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.017 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 252RK UT WOS:000252464100021 ER PT J AU Burrell, AK Del Sesto, RE Baker, SN McCleskey, TM Baker, GA AF Burrell, Anthony K. Del Sesto, Rico E. Baker, Sheila N. McCleskey, T. Mark Baker, Gary A. TI The large scale synthesis of pure imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Ionic liquids are being employed in almost all areas of chemistry and materials, yet there are inherent issues which arise if the utmost care is not taken in the preparation and purification of these materials. They are not easily synthesized and purified using the existing methods. We describe a reliable method for producing large quantities of high quality ionic liquids. Additionally, we show that imidazoliums are not 'special' due to their 'inherently fluorescent' nature, that spectroscopically clean imidazoliums are attainable, and most classes of ionic liquids do exhibit fluorescent backgrounds when extreme care is not taken during their synthesis and purification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burrell, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Burrell@LANL.GOV RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 11 TC 267 Z9 269 U1 8 U2 97 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1039/b615950h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 172KG UT WOS:000246802600020 ER PT J AU Mourant, JR Bocklage, TJ Powers, TM Greene, HM Bullock, KL Marr-Lyon, LR Dorin, MH Waxman, AG Zsemlye, MM Smith, HO AF Mourant, Judith R. Bocklage, Therese J. Powers, Tamara M. Greene, Heather M. Bullock, Kathy L. Marr-Lyon, Lisa R. Dorin, Maxine H. Waxman, Alan G. Zsemlye, Meggan M. Smith, Harriet O. TI In vivo light scattering measurements for detection of precancerous conditions of the cervix SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light scattering; squamous intraepithelial lesions; cervical cancer ID NEOPLASIA; SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; FLUORESCENCE; ANGIOGENESIS; CYTOLOGY AB Objective. To examine the utility of in vivo elastic light scattering measurements to diagnose high grade squamous interepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the cervix. Methods. A newly developed fiber optic probe was used to measure light transport in the cervical epithelium of 36 patients undergoing standard colposcopy. Both unpolarized and polarized light transport were measured in the visible and near-infrared. Spectroscopic results of 29 patients were compared with histopathology of the measured sites using ROC curves, MANOVA and logistic regression. Results. Three spectroscopic parameters are statistically different for HSIL compared with low-grade lesions and normal tissue. When these three spectroscopic parameters are combined, retrospective sensitivities and specificities for HSIL versus non-HSIL are 100% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions. Reflectance measurements of elastically scattered light show promise as a non-invasive, real-time method to discriminate HSIL from other abnormalities and normal tissue. These results compare favorably with those obtained by fluorescence alone and by fluorescence combined with light scattering. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Prevent Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmourant@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA118110, R01 CA071898, CA71898] NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.001 PG 7 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 164ER UT WOS:000246216800026 PM 17303229 ER PT J AU Carbaugh, EH AF Carbaugh, Eugene H. TI Field and bioassay indicators for internal dose intervention therapy SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bioassay; dose assessment; internal; dose; intake; radionuclide AB Guidance is presented that is used at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site to identify the potential need for medical intervention in response to intakes of radioactivity. The guidance, based on ICRP Publication 30 models and committed effective dose equivalents of 20 mSv and 200 mSv, is expressed as numerical workplace measurements and derived first-day bioassay results for large intakes. It h used by facility radiation protection staff and on-call dosimetry support staff during the first few days following an intake. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Carbaugh, EH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN B1-60, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gene.carbaugh@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 SU S BP S123 EP S126 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000258922.82544.32 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 160RG UT WOS:000245959400008 PM 17440323 ER PT J AU DeVol, TA Theisen, CD DiPrete, DP AF DeVol, Timothy A. Theisen, Christopher D. DiPrete, David P. TI Effect of quench on alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination of liquid scintillation cocktails SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; instruments; liquid scintillation; liquid scintillation cocktail ID SPECTROMETRY; CALIBRATION AB The objectives of this paper are (1) to illustrate that knowledge of the external quench parameter is insufficient to properly setup a pulse shape discriminating liquid scintillation counter (LSC) for quantitative measurement, (2) to illustrate dependence on pulse shape discrimination on the radionuclide (more than just radiation and energy), and (3) to compare the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) of two commercial instruments. The effects various quenching agents, liquid scintillation cocktails, radionuclides, and LSCs have on alpha/beta pulse shape discriminating liquid scintillation counting were quantified. Alpha emitting radionuclides Pu-239 and Am-241 and beta emitter Sr-90/Y-90 were investigated to quantify the nuclide dependence on alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination. Also, chemical and color quenching agents, nitromethane, nitric acid, and yellow dye impact on alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination using PerkinElmer Optiphase "HiSafe" 2 and 3, and Ultima Gold AB liquid scintillation cocktails were determined. The prepared samples were counted on the PerkinElmer Wallac WinSpectral 1414 alpha/beta pulse shape discriminating LSC. It was found that for the same level or quench, as measured by the external quench parameter, different quench agents influenced the pulse shape discrimination and the pulse shape discrimination parameter; differently. The radionuclide also affects alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination. By comparison with the PerkinElmer Tri-carb 3150 TR/AB, the Wallac 1414 exhibited better pulse shape discrimination capability tinder the same experimental conditions. C1 Clemson Univ, Environm Engn & Sci Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Analyt Dev Sect, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP DeVol, TA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Environm Engn & Sci Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM tim.devol@ces.clemson.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 SU S BP S105 EP S111 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000256287.37767.5c PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 160RG UT WOS:000245959400006 PM 17440321 ER PT J AU Smith, PH Jordan, H Hoffman, JA Eller, PG Balkey, S AF Smith, Paul H. Jordan, Hans Hoffman, Jenifer A. Eller, P. Gary Balkey, Simon TI Risk ranking of LANL nuclear material storage containers for repackaging prioritization SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; risk analysis; packaging; plutonium AB Safe handling and storage of nuclear material at U.S. Department of Energy facilities relies on the use of robust containers to prevent container breaches and subsequent worker contamination and uptake. The U.S. Department of Energy has no uniform requirements for packaging and storage of nuclear materials other Man those declared excess and packaged to DOE-STD. 3013-2000. This report describes a methodology for prioritizing a large inventory of nuclear material containers so that the highest risk containers are repackaged first. Tire methodology utilizes expert judgment to assign respirable fractions and reactivity factors to accountable levels of nuclear material at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A relative risk factor is assigned to each nuclear material container based on a calculated dose to a worker due to a failed container barrier and a calculated probability of container failure based on material reactivity and container age. This risk-based methodology is being applied at LANL to repackage the highest risk materials first and, thus, accelerate the reduction or risk to nuclear material handlers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Balkey, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jenifer@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 SU S BP S87 EP S97 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000255657.85681.82 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 160RG UT WOS:000245959400004 PM 17440328 ER PT J AU Chung, HK Chen, MH Lee, RW AF Chung, H-K Chen, M. H. Lee, R. W. TI Extension of atomic configuration sets of the Non-LTE model in the application to the K alpha diagnostics of hot dense matter SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE K alpha spectroscopy; Collisional-radiative modeling; Non-LTE kinetics; Plasma spectroscopy; Hot dense matter; Energetic electrons; Short-pulse laser experiments AB High intensity short-pulse laser experiments are used for various applications from fast ignitor concept to proton beam generation. These systems produce substantial fluxes of energetic electrons, and the production of K alpha spectrum by these energetic electrons has become a key diagnostics of interaction of short-pulse laser and solid-density matter. In general, spectral modeling is required to derive the thermal electron temperature from measured K alpha spectrum and it is essential to use a Non-LTE ( local thermodynamic equilibrium) model for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate the assumptions necessary for the application of the Non-LTE models and show that an extensive set of configurations is required to provide a valid K alpha diagnosis of hot dense matter. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Chung, H-K; Chen, M. H.; Lee, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, HK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hchung@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Authors thank M. Tabak, R. Town, H.-S. Park, S. Libby, B. Wilson at LLNL for the support. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.001 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000009 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Csanak, G Collins, LA AF Colgan, J. Fontes, C. J. Csanak, G. Collins, L. A. TI The finite-temperature random-phase approximation for the spectroscopic properties of dense plasmas SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The finite-temperature random-phase-approximation (FTRPA) is used to calculate selected spectral properties for P-1 excitations of dense neon plasmas. We present FTRPA calculations that include coupled-channel effects. The linear algebraic method is used to solve the resulting set of coupled-channel equations and, as a test of our method, oscillator strengths are calculated at zero-temperature and density and compared with previous calculations. Coupled-channel calculations of the oscillator strength for neon at various temperatures and densities are given; the inclusion of these effects is shown to cause significant differences in the oscillator strength when compared with single-channel and with average-atom calculations. Some trends as a function of temperature and density are also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colgan, J.; Csanak, G.; Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Csanak, G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-4 MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We thank W. Daughton for invaluable advice in the running of the APATHY program and D. Kilcrease for useful discussions. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.002 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000010 ER PT J AU Gregori, G Ravasio, A Holl, A Glenzer, SH Rose, J AF Gregori, G. Ravasio, A. Hoell, A. Glenzer, S. H. Rose, J. TI Derivation of the static structure factor in strongly coupled non-equilibrium plasmas for X-ray scattering studies SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Warm dense matter; Plasma diagnostic; Thomson scattering; Plasmons AB We present a fully analytical derivation of the static response function in strongly coupled and non-equilibrium plasmas. The model we are proposing is based on a linear response formalism coupled to a charged hard sphere reference for the ions. The electrons, instead, are treated using a local field correction which satisfies the compressibility sum rule at finite temperatures. The model is applied to calculate an effective ion mass that accounts for the self-energy correction of the free particle energy. We will discuss the implication of this approach in the interpretation of experimental results in X-ray scattering measurements from dense plasmas. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gregori, G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gregori, G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Ravasio, A.] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,CNRS,UMR7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hoell, A.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Rose, J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Plasma Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM g.gregori@rl.ac.uk FU Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (UK); U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; Alexander von Humbolt Foundation; [05-LDRD-003] FX We acknowledge stimulating discussions during the preparation of this manuscript with Dr. O.L. Landen at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. One of the author (GG) would like to thank Prof. R. Redmer and Prof. W.-D. Kraeft for their hospitality at the University of Rostock (Germany). Useful suggestions to the paper have been pointed out by Dr. D. Gericke (University of Warwick) and Dr. J. Daligault (Los Alamos National Laboratory). The work of GG was supported by the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (UK). The work of SHG was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. SHG was also supported by 05-LDRD-003 and the Alexander von Humbolt Foundation. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.006 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000015 ER PT J AU Hansen, SB Bauche, J Bauche-Arnoult, C Gu, MF AF Hansen, S. B. Bauche, J. Bauche-Arnoult, C. Gu, M. F. TI Hybrid atomic models for spectroscopic plasma diagnostics SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Collisional-radiative; Non-LTE; Spectroscopic AB We propose a hybrid approach to treating atomic structure and rates in collisional-radiative models, combining the completeness of highly averaged models with the accuracy of detailed models. The hybrid scheme supplements a small subset of coronally accessible fine structure levels with a complete set of configuration- and superconfiguration-averaged levels and produces spectra composed of transitions among a mix of fine structure and relativistic configuration- averaged levels. Convenient expressions are given for obtaining rates between the fine structure and averaged levels and a technique for propagating configuration interaction from the fine structure calculations to configuration averages is described. We present results from a trial hybrid model of germanium which demonstrate the accuracy of the hybrid model for charge state distributions and spectra. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, S. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bauche, J.; Bauche-Arnoult, C.] Lab Aimee Cotton, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Gu, M. F.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gu, M. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hansen, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hansen50@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The work of SH was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. Part of this work was done during the stay of JB and CBA at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. They would like to thank the people of V Division for their warm hospitality. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.032 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000016 ER PT J AU Holl, A Bornath, T Cao, L Doppner, T Dusterer, S Forster, E Fortmann, C Glenzer, SH Gregori, G Laarmann, T Meiwes-Broer, KH Przystawik, A Radcliffe, P Redmer, R Reinholz, H Ropke, G Thiele, R Tiggesbaumker, J Toleikis, S Truong, NX Tschentscher, T Uschmann, I Zastrau, U AF Hoell, A. Bornath, Th. Cao, L. Doeppner, T. Duesterer, S. Foerster, E. Fortmann, C. Glenzer, S. H. Gregori, G. Laarmann, T. Meiwes-Broer, K-H Przystawik, A. Radcliffe, P. Redmer, R. Reinholz, H. Roepke, G. Thiele, R. Tiggesbaeumker, J. Toleikis, S. Truong, N. X. Tschentscher, T. Uschmann, I. Zastrau, U. TI Thomson scattering from near-solid density plasmas using soft X-ray free electron lasers SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Warm dense matter; Plasma diagnostic; Thomson scattering; Plasmons AB We discuss a collective Thomson scattering experiment at the VUV free electron laser facility at DESY (FLASH) to diagnose warm dense matter at near-solid density. The plasma region of interest marks the transition from an ideal plasma to a correlated and degenerate many-particle system and is of current interest, e.g., in ICF experiments or laboratory astrophysics. Plasma diagnosis of such plasmas is a longstanding issue which is addressed here using a pump-probe scattering experiment to reveal the collective electron plasma mode (plasmon) using the high-brilliance radiation to probe the plasma. Distinctive scattering features allow one to infer basic plasma properties. For plasmas in thermal equilibrium the electron density and temperature are determined from scattering off the plasmon mode. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoell, A.; Bornath, Th.; Doeppner, T.; Fortmann, C.; Meiwes-Broer, K-H; Przystawik, A.; Redmer, R.; Reinholz, H.; Roepke, G.; Thiele, R.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.; Truong, N. X.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Cao, L.; Foerster, E.; Uschmann, I.; Zastrau, U.] Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Duesterer, S.; Radcliffe, P.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.] Deutsch Elektron Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Gregori, G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gregori, G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Laarmann, T.] Max Born Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Holl, A (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Univ Pl 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM arne.hoell@uni-rostock.de RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Thiele, Robert/0000-0001-8350-9942; Zastrau, Ulf/0000-0002-3575-4449 FU virtual institute of the Helmholtz association; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation; Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (UK); DFG [LA 1431/2-1]; [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652] FX This work was supported by the virtual institute VH-VI-104 of the Helmholtz association and the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652. The work of SHG was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number No. W-7405-ENG-48 and the Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation. The work of GG was supported by the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (UK). TL acknowledges financial support from the DFG under Grant No. LA 1431/2-1. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.033 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000018 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Rudakov, LI Safronova, AS Velikovich, AL Ivanov, VV Coverdale, CA Jones, B LePell, PD Ampleford, DJ Deeney, C Chuvatin, AS Williamson, K Shrestha, I Ouart, N Yilmaz, MF Osborne, G Haboub, A Batie, S Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Nalajala, V McDaniel, W Shlyaptseva, V Adkins, T Meyer, C AF Kantsyrev, V. L. Rudakov, L. I. Safronova, A. S. Velikovich, A. L. Ivanov, V. V. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. LePell, P. D. Ampleford, D. J. Deeney, C. Chuvatin, A. S. Williamson, K. Shrestha, I. Ouart, N. Yilmaz, M. F. Osborne, G. Haboub, A. Batie, S. Astanovitsky, A. LeGalloudec, B. Nalajala, V. McDaniel, W. Shlyaptseva, V. Adkins, T. Meyer, C. TI Properties of a planar wire arrays Z-pinch source and comparisons with cylindrical arrays SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Planar wire array; Cylindrical wire array; Z-pinch; X-ray source; X-ray diagnostics AB Planar wire array plasmas created by a 1 MA current discharge provide a novel method to investigate dense plasma dynamics, heating mechanism and radiation properties. This is a strongly inhomogeneous on small scale plasma, which has high resistivity with density and magnetic field dependence. The planar array dynamics leads to generation of a plasma with a chain of hot spots in a dense, high-opacity column. The single planar array consists of a number of wires with inter-wire separation of <= 1 mm in a linear row. It has been shown that a strongly inhomogeneous on small scale planar wire array plasma can radiate much more energy than the kinetic energy of imploding plasma. The results of recent experiments on scaling of radiation yields and powers with array masses, materials, inter-wire gaps and array width at 1 MA, 1.5 TW power Z-pinch Zebra generator at University of Nevada at Reno are presented. Radiation properties of planar arrays were compared with low-number cylindrical arrays and compact cylindrical array loads. Data on the generation of the hot spots during implosion of planar array plasma and its impact on the radiation pulse are reported. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kantsyrev, V. L.; Safronova, A. S.; Ivanov, V. V.; Williamson, K.; Shrestha, I.; Ouart, N.; Yilmaz, M. F.; Osborne, G.; Haboub, A.; Batie, S.; Astanovitsky, A.; LeGalloudec, B.; Nalajala, V.; McDaniel, W.; Shlyaptseva, V.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Rudakov, L. I.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coverdale, C. A.; Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Deeney, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [LePell, P. D.; Adkins, T.; Meyer, C.] Ktech Co, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM victor@physics.unr.edu FU DOE/NNSA [DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, DE-FC52-06NAngstrom27616]; Sandia National Laboratories under DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Special thanks to T. Cowan from the UNR for programmatic support, K. Struve from the SNL for support and useful discussions; M. Cuneo from the SNL and A. Esaulov from the UNR for helpful discussions, D. Jobe from the Ktech, J. McGurn from the SNL, A. Morozov, S. Altemara, J. Croteau, C. Thomas from the UNR for technical support in experiments. Work was supported by the DOE/NNSA under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, in part by the DOE/NNSA under UNR grant DE-FC52-06N angstrom 27616, and by Sandia National Laboratories under DOE contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.009 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000020 ER PT J AU Kritcher, AL Neumayer, P Urry, MK Robey, H Niemann, C Landen, OL Morse, E Glenzer, SH AF Kritcher, A. L. Neumayer, P. Urry, M. K. Robey, H. Niemann, C. Landen, O. L. Morse, E. Glenzer, S. H. TI K-alpha conversion efficiency measurements for X-ray scattering in inertial confinement fusion plasmas SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectra; Conversion efficiency; Compton scattering; Dense plasmas AB The conversion efficiency of ultra short-pulse laser radiation to K-a X-rays has been measured for various chlorine-containing targets to be used as X-ray scattering probes of dense plasmas. The spectral and temporal properties of these sources will allow spectrally-resolved X-ray scattering probing with picosecond temporal resolution required for measuring the plasma conditions in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Simulations of X-ray scattering spectra from these plasmas show that fuel capsule density, capsule ablator density, and shock timing information may be inferred. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kritcher, A. L.; Neumayer, P.; Urry, M. K.; Robey, H.; Landen, O. L.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kritcher, A. L.; Morse, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Niemann, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kritcher, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. EM kritcher@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; Laboratory Directorate Research and Development grant [05-ERI-003]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Student Employment Graduate Fellowship program; Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number No. W-7405-ENG-48. This work was also supported by the Laboratory Directorate Research and Development grant No. 05-ERI-003, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Student Employment Graduate Fellowship program, and the Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.012 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000023 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Wilson, DC Benage, JF Gunderson, M Klare, K Frenje, J Petrasso, R Garbett, W James, S Glebov, V Yaakobi, B AF Kyrala, George A. Wilson, Douglas C. Benage, John F. Gunderson, Mark Klare, Ken Frenje, Johan Petrasso, Richard Garbett, Warren James, Steven Glebov, Vladimir Yaakobi, Barukh TI Effect of higher z dopants on implosion dynamics: X-ray spectroscopy SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Inertial fusion; Implosions; X-ray spectroscopy AB Low-z dopants such as argon are used to characterize the plasma properties in imploding inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules. Higher z dopants will be used as the temperature of the capsules is increased especially as we approach ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The presence of the higher z dopants also affects the dynamics of the implosion as it increases the electron density, which increases the radiation losses from the plasma allowing the plasma to compress to a smaller volume. In the present study, we examine the effects at higher dopant densities. While a normal glass capsule loses energy to radiation during compression, the high-z shells will confine the radiation even as equilibrium burn is approached. We have fielded thin 1-mm diameter glass shells filled with varying amounts of xenon and krypton gas to study the progression from non-equilibrium to equilibrium burn as the dopant gas concentration is increased. The shells used for these experiments also contained He-3 to measure the proton spectrum from the (DHe)-He-3 reaction providing information about the target temperature and the density-radius product, rho R. Here we present results using the X-ray measurements, as well as discuss some of the issues and the progress we made. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kyrala, George A.; Wilson, Douglas C.; Benage, John F.; Gunderson, Mark; Klare, Ken] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frenje, Johan; Petrasso, Richard] MIT, Boston, MA USA. [Garbett, Warren; James, Steven] AWE, Aldermaston, Berks, England. [Glebov, Vladimir; Yaakobi, Barukh] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gak@lanl.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We acknowledge the help of many people in this work, Scott Evans, Tom Sedillo and Joe Cowan who helped with data acquisition and operation, Don Haynes for discussions, Hanna E. Makaruk for some data analysis. Ray Bahr and Chuck Sorces with the spectrometer setups, and Julie Fooks for filling the targets. John Kline for making useful suggestions to the manuscript. The shots would not have been feasible without the Help from General Atomics for fabricating the targets, and for the staff at LLE who operate and run the laser. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC., under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.018 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000024 ER PT J AU Langer, SH Izumi, N Dittrich, TR Haan, SW AF Langer, Steven H. Izumi, Nobuhiko Dittrich, Thomas R. Haan, Steven W. TI Simulations of X-ray emission from Omega fill tube experiments SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Inertial confinement fusion; Hydrodynamic Instability AB The capsules used in ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser will have a layer of frozen DT inside a low-Z shell. Liquid DT will be injected through a narrow fill tube that penetrates the shell and is frozen in place. The fill tube is a perturbation on the surface of the capsule and hydrodynamic instabilities will cause this perturbation to grow during an implosion. Experiments to investigate the growth of perturbations due to fill tubes have been carried out on the Omega laser. The goal of these experiments was to validate simulations at Omega energy scales and thus increase confidence in the use of simulations in planning for NIF experiments. Simulations show that the fill tube leads to a jet of shell material that penetrates into the DT fuel. Simulations will be used to pick experimental conditions in which the jet is small enough that it does not significantly reduce the yield of a NIF implosion. This paper compares experiments in which bumps and stalks were used as fill tube surrogates to 2D simulations of X-ray emission from Omega capsule implosions. Experiments and simulations are in reasonable agreement on the size of a bump or stalk required to produce a jet that is visible above the emission from a (nominally) smooth capsule. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Langer, Steven H.; Izumi, Nobuhiko; Dittrich, Thomas R.; Haan, Steven W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Langer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-22,7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM langer1@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000025 ER PT J AU Lecherbourg, L Renaudin, P Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Geindre, JP Blancard, C Cosse, P Faussurier, G Shepherd, R Audebert, P AF Lecherbourg, L. Renaudin, P. Bastiani-Ceccotti, S. Geindre, J. -P. Blancard, C. Cosse, P. Faussurier, G. Shepherd, R. Audebert, P. TI X-ray absorption of a warm dense aluminum plasma created by an ultra-short laser pulse SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ultra-short laser; Dense plasma; X-ray absorption AB Point-projection K-shell absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure absorption spectra of transient aluminum plasma created by an ultra-short laser pulse. The 1s-2p and 1s-3p absorption lines of weakly ionized aluminum were measured for an extended range of densities in a low-temperature regime. Independent plasma characterization was obtained using frequency domain interferometry diagnostic (FDI) that allows the interpretation of the absorption spectra in terms of spectral opacities. A detailed opacity code using the density and temperature inferred from the FDI reproduce the measured absorption spectra except in the last stage of the recombination phase. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lecherbourg, L.; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Geindre, J. -P.; Audebert, P.] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Lecherbourg, L.] Univ Quebec, INRS Energie & Mat, Varennes, PQ, Canada. [Renaudin, P.; Blancard, C.; Cosse, P.; Faussurier, G.] CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Renaudin, P (reprint author), CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM patrick.renaudin@cea.fr FU NSERC FX The authors would like to thank O. Peyrusse for his help in the use of the TRANSPEC/AVERROES code and M. Millerioux (CEA/DAM-Ile-de-France) for making the deposited layer of aluminum. We acknowledge the invaluable support of the LULI laser operations staff. LLNL (Livermore, California) provided the various targets. Partial support for Ludovic Lecherbourg was provided by NSERC. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.035 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000026 ER PT J AU Rosmej, FB Lee, RW Schneider, DHG AF Rosmej, F. B. Lee, R. W. Schneider, D. H. G. TI A 10 fs X-ray emission switch driven by an intense X-ray free electron laser SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray free electron lasers; Hollow ion X-ray emission; Fast X-ray detectors AB We propose an intrinsic fast X-ray switch driven by the radiation emission from hollow ion states (KLn)-L-0. The switch is designed primarily for the investigation of the transient evolution of X-ray emission from high density plasmas created by short pulses (< 1 ps). These plasmas usually terminate with a recombination regime at low density. If usual time integrated spectroscopic streak techniques are employed, the current time resolution is limited (> 0.5 ps) and the X-ray emission from the low density regime can only be suppressed with a fast switch approach. Simulations carried out for short pulse (100 fs) intense X-ray free electron laser radiation (XFEL) interacting with dense plasmas demonstrate that the hollow ion X-ray emission switch has a time scale faster than 50 fs. This time window enables the probing of plasmas of the highest density even if time integrated spectroscopic techniques are employed. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rosmej, F. B.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. [Rosmej, F. B.] PIIM DGP, UMR 6633, Ctr St Jerome, CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France. [Lee, R. W.; Schneider, D. H. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rosmej, FB (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, Case 232, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. EM frank.rosmej@piim.up.univ-mrs.fr FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; ARCUS programme [P003-5a] FX The work of R. W. Lee was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. The work of F. B. Rosmej has been supported by the ARCUS programme (P003-5a). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.028 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000032 ER PT J AU Rubiano, JG Florido, R Bowen, C Lee, RW Ralchenko, Y AF Rubiano, J. G. Florido, R. Bowen, C. Lee, R. W. Ralchenko, Yu. TI Review of the 4th NLTE Code Comparison Workshop SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Non-LTE kinetics; Code comparisons; Collisional-radiative modeling; Power losses AB We review the critical results of the 4th Non-LTE Code Comparison Workshop held in December 2005. To test the NLTE population kinetics codes, both steady-state and time-dependent cases for C, Ar, Fe, Sn, Xe, and Au plasmas were selected for detailed comparisons. Additional features such as the effects of non-Maxwellian free electrons, the influence of a Planckian radiation field, and the emission spectra were required in specific cases. The scope of problems was expanded from the previous workshops to include two problems outside the dense plasma physics, namely, the EUV lithography sources and the astrophysical photoionized plasmas. We briefly outline the technical organization of the workshop, present motivations for the chosen cases, and discuss some representative results. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rubiano, J. G.; Florido, R.] Univ Palmas de Gran Canaria, Dept Fis, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. [Rubiano, J. G.; Florido, R.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Bowen, C.] CEA DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Lee, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rubiano, JG (reprint author), Univ Palmas de Gran Canaria, Dept Fis, Campus Tafira, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. EM jgarcia@dfis.ulpgc.es RI Florido, Ricardo/H-5513-2015; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Florido, Ricardo/0000-0001-7428-6273; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Spanish "Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia" [ENE2004-08184-C03-01/FTN]; program "Keep in Touch" of the "European Union"; NIST; NRL; CEA; ULPGC; Regional Government of Canary Island FX This work has been partially supported by the Project of the Spanish "Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia" with reference ENE2004-08184-C03-01/FTN, and by the program "Keep in Touch" of the "European Union".; Organizational and financial support for the workshop from NIST, NRL, CEA, ULPGC and the Regional Government of Canary Island are gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.027 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000033 ER PT J AU Schneider, MB Hinkel, DE Moon, SJ Hansen, SB Baldis, HA Austrheim-Smith, C Brown, GV Campbell, KM Chung, HK Cone, K Constantin, CG Glebov, VY Holder, JP Holland, G James, DL Langdon, AB Lee, RW May, MJ Roberts, S Schein, J Seely, J Seka, W Shepherd, R Singh, MS Sorce, C Turner, RE Weber, F Widmann, K Young, BK AF Schneider, M. B. Hinkel, D. E. Moon, S. J. Hansen, S. B. Baldis, H. A. Austrheim-Smith, C. Brown, G. V. Campbell, K. M. Chung, H-K. Cone, K. Constantin, C. G. Glebov, V. Yu Holder, J. P. Holland, G. James, D. L. Langdon, A. B. Lee, R. W. May, M. J. Roberts, S. Schein, J. Seely, J. Seka, W. Shepherd, R. Singh, M. S. Sorce, C. Turner, R. E. Weber, F. Widmann, K. Young, B. K. TI Development of a thermal X-radiation source using "hot" hohlraums SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hohlraum; Hot hohlraum; Opacity; Thermal radiation ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; RAY-FLUX; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; LASER; TARGETS; LIGHT; TEMPERATURES; CONFINEMENT; PLASMAS; CAMERA AB High temperature ("hot'') hohlraums are being developed to heat samples to high temperatures for opacity or other atomic physics studies. Hot hohlraums have been fielded at the National Ignition Facility [D. E. Hinkel, et al., Phys. Plasmas 12 (2005) 056305] and the OMEGA [M. B. Schneider, et al., Phys. Plasmas 13 (2006) 112701] lasers. They reach high radiation temperatures by coupling a maximum amount of laser energy (10 kJ) into small, i.e., 400-800 mu m diameter, gold hohlraums in a 1 ns pulse causing the hohlraums to fill with gold plasma. Radiation temperatures of 370 eV have been measured in the laser entrance hole (LEH) region of these targets [D. E. Hinkel, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 195001]. However, the LEH radiation is not the radiation drive of interest as the sample can neither be shielded from the non-thermal components of this radiation nor protected from the gold plasma. To mitigate these problems the source we are developing uses the radiation from the X-ray burnthrough of thin walls of a pair of hot hohlraums to heat a sample. We report on the measured radiation drive of this source and its use to heat a surrogate sample. We characterize the radiative heating of the sample by measuring its thermal expansion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schneider, M. B.; Hinkel, D. E.; Moon, S. J.; Hansen, S. B.; Brown, G. V.; Campbell, K. M.; Chung, H-K.; Holder, J. P.; James, D. L.; Langdon, A. B.; Lee, R. W.; May, M. J.; Schein, J.; Shepherd, R.; Singh, M. S.; Sorce, C.; Turner, R. E.; Weber, F.; Widmann, K.; Young, B. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Baldis, H. A.; Austrheim-Smith, C.; Cone, K.; Constantin, C. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glebov, V. Yu; Roberts, S.; Seka, W.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Holland, G.; Seely, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48, DE-FG52-2005NA26017 (NLUF)] FX We thank the excellent OMEGA laser crew at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics for their expert help in these experiments. We thank Roger Van Maren, Jim Emig, John Ruppe, and Russ Wallace for their technical expertise. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 and grant number DE-FG52-2005NA26017 (NLUF). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.023 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000038 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Holland, GE Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Park, HS Patel, PK Tommasini, R Laming, JM AF Seely, John F. Holland, Glenn E. Hudson, Lawrence T. Szabo, Csilla I. Henins, Albert Park, Hye-Sook Patel, Prav K. Tommasini, Riccardo Laming, J. Martin TI K-shell spectra from Ag, Sn, Sm, Ta, and Au generated by intense femtosecond laser pulses SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Laser-plasma interaction; Hard X-rays; Femtosecond laser AB K-shell X-ray spectra were recorded by the Dual Crystal Spectrometer (DCS) from Ag, Sn, Sm, Ta, and Au planar foil targets irradiated by single intense femtosecond pulses from the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. DCS implements two quartz crystals in transmission (Laue) geometry covering the X-ray energy range 10-50 keV and 20-120 keV. The spectral images were recorded on photo-stimulable phosphor image plates and on film/phosphor cassettes. The K alpha and K beta spectral lines of Ag with energies 22 keV and 25 keV, Sn at 25 keV and 28 keV, Sm at 40 keV and 46 keV, Ta at 57 keV and 66 keV, and Au at 67 keV and 79 keV were clearly resolved. The observation of these spectral lines, resulting from 1s electron vacancies created by electrons with energies up to at least 80 keV, enables the implementation of K-shell spectroscopy diagnostic techniques for understanding the laser energy deposition, energetic electron generation, ionization distribution, and X-ray conversion efficiency in plasmas produced by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Based on the measured energies of the Au K-shell transitions, we conclude that the observed Au K-shell transitions are from ionization stages lower than Au+44, and are most likely from neutral Au atoms, that the Titan plasmas and the hard X-ray emissions are dominated by electrons with energies exceeding 80 keV, and that thermal processes play a minor role. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seely, John F.; Laming, J. Martin] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; Szabo, Csilla I.; Henins, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Park, Hye-Sook; Patel, Prav K.; Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank the Titan laser operations staff for expert assistance. The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work at LLNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The mention of a commercial produce does not represent an endorsement. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.022 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000039 ER PT J AU Sterne, PA Hansen, SB Wilson, BG Isaacs, WA AF Sterne, P. A. Hansen, S. B. Wilson, B. G. Isaacs, W. A. TI Equation of state, occupation probabilities and conductivities in the average atom Purgatorio code SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equation of state; Transport AB We report on recent developments with the Purgatorio code, a new implementation of Liberman's Inferno model. This fully relativistic average atom code uses phase shift tracking and an efficient refinement scheme to provide an accurate description of continuum states. The resulting equations of state accurately represent the atomic shell-related features which are absent in Thomas-Fermi-based approaches. We discuss various representations of the exchange potential and some of the ambiguities in the choice of the effective charge Z* in average atom models, both of which affect predictions of electrical conductivities and radiative properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sterne, P. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Wilson, B. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Isaacs, W. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sterne, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sterne1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. We are grateful to Alan DeSilva for sharing his electrical resistivity data and to Hugh DeWitt, Dima Yakovlev, and Alexander Potekhin for valuable discussions on the transport calculations. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.037 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000041 ER PT J AU Welser-Sherrill, L Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Tommasini, R Haan, SW Haynes, DA Golovkin, IE Delettrez, JA Marshall, FJ Regan, SP Smalyuk, VA AF Welser-Sherrill, L. Mancini, R. C. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Tommasini, R. Haan, S. W. Haynes, D. A. Golovkin, I. E. Delettrez, J. A. Marshall, F. J. Regan, S. P. Smalyuk, V. A. TI Development of spectroscopic tools for the determination of temperature and density spatial profiles in implosion cores SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Inertial confinement fusion AB Two innovative spectroscopic techniques have been developed to characterize the temperature and density spatial profiles of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosion cores. The analyses involve the emissivity ratio of Ly beta/He beta to extract temperature, followed by the solution of either emissivity or intensity equations based on the Ly beta or He beta line to infer density. In particular, the idea of solving intensity equations permits the consideration of the effects of opacity. Information on turbulent mixing of the shell material into the core can be extracted by including the optically-thick Ly alpha line in the intensity analysis. We focus on developing and validating these spectroscopic tools using synthetic data. Hydrodynamic simulations matching the experimental conditions are used to test the codes and to demonstrate the validity of the physical principles in our spectroscopic techniques. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Koch, J. A.; Izumi, N.; Tommasini, R.; Haan, S. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Haynes, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Golovkin, I. E.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Delettrez, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; Regan, S. P.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, New York, NY 14623 USA. RP Welser-Sherrill, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lwelser@lanl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.019 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000043 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Jones, DS Gold, AJ AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Jones, Daniel S. Gold, Arthur J. TI An ecological risk assessment framework for effects of onsite wastewater treatment systems and other localized sources of nutrients on aquatic ecosystems SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; amphibian; macrophyte; eelgrass; seagrass; phytoplankton; wastewater; septic tank ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; PHOSPHORUS-CHLOROPHYLL RELATIONSHIP; AMMONIUM-NITRATE FERTILIZER; AFRICAN CLAWED FROG; NITROGEN LOADS; COLUMN NITRATE; LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; EUTROPHIC ESTUARY AB An ecological risk assessment framework for onsite wastewater treatment systems and other localized sources of nutrients is presented, including problem formulation, characterization of exposure, characterization of effects, and risk characterization. The framework is most pertinent to the spatial scale of residential treatment systems located adjacent to small ponds, streams, or lagoons and some parts of shallow estuaries. Freshwater and estuarine ecosystems are distinguished based on differences in nutrient dynamics. Phosphorus exposure is the major determinant of phytoplankton production in most North American lakes. Nitrate can be directly toxic to aquatic biota. such as amphibians. In shallow estuaries or lagoons, nitrogen is the primary stressor, which can be directly toxic to vegetation or can interact with biota to produce secondary stressors (limited light penetration, oxygen limitation, reduction in habitat, or reduction in forage vegetation or prey). Algal production, macrophyte production, fish community abundance and production, benthic community abundance and production, and amphibian community abundance and production are examples of risk assessment endpoint properties. Models and measurement methods for the characterization of exposure and effects are discussed, as well as sources and quantification of uncertainty. Example weight-of-evidence tables are presented for failure scenarios involving traditional and emerging onsite wastewater system technologies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Inst Kingston, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@oml.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 96 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 574 EP 614 DI 10.1080/10807030701341142 PG 41 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174RY UT WOS:000246961700010 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Lu, GP Zhang, K Pan, LH Bodvarsson, GS AF Wu, Yu-Shu Lu, Guoping Zhang, Keni Pan, Lehua Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S. TI Analyzing unsaturated flow patterns in fractured rock using an integrated modeling approach SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone; fractured rock; Yucca Mountain; dual-continuum model; perched water ID 3-D SITE-SCALE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; POROUS-MEDIA; HEAT-FLOW; NEVADA; ZONE; FLUID; TUFF; SIMULATION AB Characterizing percolation patterns in unsaturated fractured rock has posed a greater challenge to modeling investigations than comparable saturated zone studies due to the heterogeneous nature of unsaturated media and the great number of variables impacting unsaturated flow. An integrated modeling methodology has been developed for quantitatively characterizing percolation patterns in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada (USA), a proposed underground repository site for storing high-level radioactive waste. The approach integrates moisture, pneumatic, thermal, and isotopic geochemical field data into a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for analyses. It takes into account the coupled processes of fluid and heat flow and chemical isotopic transport in Yucca Mountain's highly heterogeneous, unsaturated fractured tuffs. Modeling results are examined against different types of field-measured data and then used to evaluate different hydrogeological conceptualizations through analyzing flow patterns in the unsaturated zone. In particular, this model provides clearer understanding of percolation patterns and flow behavior through the unsaturated zone, both crucial issues in assessing repository performance. The integrated approach for quantifying Yucca Mountain's flow system is demonstrated to provide a practical modeling tool for characterizing flow and transport processes in complex subsurface systems. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kzhang@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 553 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0105-5 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 162OQ UT WOS:000246097700009 ER PT J AU Pollnau, M Romanyuk, YE Gardillou, F Borca, CN Griebner, U Rivier, S Petrov, V AF Pollnau, Markus Romanyuk, Yaroslav E. Gardillou, Florent Borca, Camelia N. Griebner, Uwe Rivier, Simon Petrov, Valentin TI Double tungstate lasers: From bulk toward on-chip integrated waveguide devices SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE CW lasers; dielectric materials; dielectric waveguides; epitaxial layers; integrated optics; ion implantation; optical waveguides; optical planar waveguides; optical strip waveguides; pulsed lasers; rare earth compounds; solid lasers; thulium compounds; tungsten compounds; ytterbium compounds ID FREQUENCY RAMAN CONVERSION; LIQUID-PHASE EPITAXY; YB-DOPED KY(WO4)(2); ND-YAG LASER; 1.9 MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; YB-KGD(WO4)(2) LASER; PROTON IMPLANTATION; THERMAL-EXPANSION AB It has been recognized that the monoclinic double tungstates KY (WO4)(2), KGd (WO4)(2), and KLu (WO4)(2) possess a high potential as rare-earth-ion-doped solid-state laser materials, partly due to the high absorption and emission cross sections of rare-earth ions when doped into these materials. Besides, their high refractive indexes make these materials potentially suitable for applications that require optical gain and high power in integrated optics, with rather high integration density. We review the recent advances in the field of bulk lasers in these materials and present our work toward the demonstration of waveguide lasers and their integration with other optical structures on a chip. C1 Univ Twente, MESA Res Inst, Integrated Opt Micro Syst Grp, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Teem Photon SA, F-38240 Meylan, France. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Max Born Inst Nonlinear Opt & Ultrafast Spect, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Pollnau, M (reprint author), Univ Twente, MESA Res Inst, Integrated Opt Micro Syst Grp, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM m.pollnau@ewi.utwente.nl; yaroslav.romanyuk@gmail.com; f.gardillou@teemphotonics.com; camelia.borca@psi.ch; griebner@mbi-berlin.de; rivier@mbi-berlin.de; petrov@mbi-berlin.de RI Petrov, Valentin/G-9479-2015 NR 74 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 661 EP 671 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.896094 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 180TY UT WOS:000247390200025 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, Darrell J. Smith, Arlee V. TI All solid-state high-efficiency tunable UV source for airborne or satellite-based ozone DIAL systems SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE frequency conversion; nonlinear optics; optical parametric oscillator (OPO); remote sensing; UV generation ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; IMPROVED BEAM QUALITY; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; PHASE; CRYSTALS; LASER; STABILIZATION; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION AB We designed, built, and tested two laboratory prototype nanosecond UV sources for airborne or satellite-based ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) remote-sensing systems. Our prototypes use a 532-mn second-harmonic pulse from a Q-switched injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that generates a tunable signal wavelength near 803 nm. The OPO signal is mixed with additional 532 nm light either inside the OPO cavity, or in a subsequent sum-frequency generation (SFG) stage, to generate 10-ns pulses at 320-nm. Our system designs result from an integrated, iterative approach where operating parameters including the pump-beam's spatial profile, the second harmonic generation efficiency, the OPO's cavity geometry, output coupling, crystal lengths, and the length of the SFG crystals, are all determined from numerical modeling. By using this approach, we obtained 320 nm pulse energies approaching 200 mJ with overall optical conversion efficiency-from 1064 to 320 nm-exceeding 20%. To optimize efficiency, we incorporate three important design characteristics: a pump beam having a high-quality flat-topped spatial profile, an image-rotating nonplanar ring-cavity OPO capable of generating high-quality largediameter flat-topped beams, and pulse injection seeding of the OPO to achieve near-zero cavity buildup time to enhance the efficiency of sum-frequency mining. We believe additional optimization of our designs may eventually yield UV pulse energies approaching 300 mJ with optical conversion efficiencies comparable to those of our current systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM darmstr@sandia.gov; arlsmit@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.896600 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 180TY UT WOS:000247390200030 ER PT J AU Loughner, CP Lary, DJ Sparling, LC Cohen, RC DeCola, P Stockwell, WR AF Loughner, Christopher P. Lary, David J. Sparling, Lynn C. Cohen, Ronald C. DeCola, Phil Stockwell, W. R. TI A method to determine the spatial resolution required to observe air quality from space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE air-quality observations; length scales; variograms ID UNITED-STATES; OZONE; TRANSPORT; SCALE; URBAN; NO2 AB Satellite observations have the potential to provide an accurate picture of atmospheric chemistry and air quality on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. A key consideration in the design of new instruments is the spatial resolution required to effectively monitor air quality from space. In this paper, variograms have been used to address this issue by calculating the horizontal length scales of ozone within the boundary layer and free troposphere using both in situ aircraft data from five different NASA aircraft campaigns and simulations with an air-quality model. For both the observations and the model, the smallest scale features were found in the boundary layer, with a characteristic scale of about 50 km which increased to greater than 150 km above the boundary layer. The length scale changes with altitude. It is shown that similar length scales are derived based on a totally independent approach using constituent lifetimes and typical wind speeds. To date, the spaceborne observations of tropospheric constituents have been from several instruments including TOMS, GOME, MOPITT, TES, and OMI which, in general, have different weighting functions that need to be considered, and none really measures at the surface. A further complication is that most satellite measurements (such as those of OMI and GOME) are of the vertically integrated column. In this paper, the length scales in the column measurements were also of the order of 50 km. To adequately resolve the 50-km features, a horizontal resolution of at least 10 km would be desirable. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Atmospher Chem, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Washington, DC USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Loughner, CP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM David.Lary@umbc.edu RI Lary, David/A-6163-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; OI Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1314 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.893732 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161SE UT WOS:000246035300002 ER PT J AU Kern, JP Pattichis, MS AF Kern, Jeffrey P. Pattichis, Marios S. TI Robust multispectral image registration using mutual-information models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE image registration; multispectral imagery; mutual-information models ID SIMILARITY MEASURE; INTENSITY; DENSITY AB Image registration is a vital step in the processing of multispectral imagery. The accuracy to which imagery collected at multiple wavelengths can be aligned directly affects the resolution of the spectral end products. Automated registration of the multispectral imagery can often be unreliable, particularly between visible and infrared imagery, due to the significant differences in scene reflectance at different wavelengths. This is further complicated by the thermal features that exist at longer wavelengths. We develop new mathematical and computational models for robust image registration. In particular, we develop a frequency-domain model for the mutual-information surface around the optimal parameters and use it to develop a robust gradient ascent algorithm. For a robust performance, we require that the algorithm be initialized close to the optimal registration parameters. As a measure of how close we need to be, we propose the use of the correlation length and provide an efficient algorithm for estimating it. We measure the performance of the proposed algorithm over hundreds of random initializations to demonstrate its robustness on real data. We find that the algorithm should be expected to converge, as long as the registration parameters are initialized to be within the correlation-length distance from the optimum. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Image & Video Proc & Commun Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kern, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pattichis@ece.unm.edu OI Pattichis, Marios/0000-0002-1574-1827 NR 30 TC 44 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1494 EP 1505 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.892599 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161SE UT WOS:000246035300019 ER PT J AU Campbell, JB Tolbert, LM Ayers, CW Ozpineci, B Lowe, KT AF Campbell, Jeremy B. Tolbert, Leon M. Ayers, Curt W. Ozpineci, Burak Lowe, Kirk T. TI Two-phase cooling method using the R134a refrigerant to cool power electronic devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2005) CY MAR 06-10, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE power electronic (PE) cooling; thermal management; two-phase cooling AB This paper presents a two-phase cooling method using the R134a refrigerant to dissipate the heat energy (loss) generated by power electronics (PEs), such as those associated with rectifiers, converters, and inverters for a specific application in hybrid-electric vehicles. The cooling method involves submerging PE devices in an R134a bath, which limits the junction temperature of PE devices while conserving weight and volume of the heat sink without sacrificing equipment reliability. First, experimental tests that included an extended soak for more than 850 days were performed on a submerged insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and gate-controller card to study dielectric characteristics, deterioration effects, and heat-flux capabilities of R134a. Results from these tests illustrate that R134a has high dielectric characteristics and no deterioration of electrical components. Second, experimental tests that included a simultaneous operation with a mock automotive air-conditioner (A/C) system were performed on the same IGBT and gate-controller card. Data extrapolation from these tests determined that a typical automotive A/C system has more than sufficient cooling capacity to cool a typical 30-kW traction inverter. Last, a discussion and simulation of active cooling of the IGBT junction layer with the R134a refrigerant is given. This technique will drastically increase the forward current ratings and reliability of the PE device. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Campbell, JB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jeremy.campbell@gm.com; tolbert@utk.edu; ayerscw@ornl.gov; burak@ieee.org; klowe1@utk.edu OI Ozpineci, Burak/0000-0002-1672-3348; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 648 EP 656 DI 10.1109/TIA.2007.895719 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 172RG UT WOS:000246821000004 ER PT J AU White, DA Fasenfest, BJ Rieben, RN Stowell, ML AF White, Daniel A. Fasenfest, Benjamin J. Rieben, Robert N. Stowell, Mark L. TI A QR accelerated volume-to-surface boundary condition for the finite-element solution of eddy-current problems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Biot-Savart law; computational electromagnetics; eddy currents; electromagnetic diffusion; low-rank approximation; Maxwell's equations; parallel processing ID DISCRETE DIFFERENTIAL FORMS; MAGNETIC DIFFUSION; ALGORITHM; ELECTROMAGNETISM; FORMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; EQUATIONS; MODEL AB We are concerned with the solution of time-dependent electromagnetic eddy-current problems using a finite-element formulation on three-dimensional unstructured meshes. We allow for multiple conducting regions, and our goal is to develop an efficient computational method that does not require a computational mesh of the air/vacuum regions. This requires a sophisticated global boundary condition specifying the total fields on the conductor boundaries. To meet this requirement, we propose a volume-to-surface boundary condition based on the Biot-Savart law. We found the Biot-Savart approach to be very accurate. In addition, this approach can be accelerated via a low-rank QR approximation of the discretized Biot-Savart law. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci & Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci & Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM white37@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1920 EP 1933 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.889766 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 162XV UT WOS:000246123700009 ER PT J AU Bello, M Ju, T Carson, J Warren, J Chiu, W Kakadiaris, IA AF Bello, Musodiq Ju, Tao Carson, James Warren, Joe Chiu, Wah Kakadiaris, Ioannis A. TI Learning-based segmentation framework for tissue images containing gene expression data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE feature selection; gene expression; segmentation; shape modeling; texture classification ID MOUSE-BRAIN; ATLAS; SECTIONS; PATTERNS; SURFACES; MODEL AB Associating specific gene activity with functional locations in the brain results in a greater understanding of the role of the gene. To perform such an association for the more than 20 000 genes in the mammalian genome, reliable automated methods that characterize the distribution of gene expression in relation to a standard anatomical model are required. In this paper, we propose a new automatic method that results in the segmentation of gene expression images into distinct anatomical regions in which the expression can be quantified and compared with other images. Our contribution is a novel hybrid atlas that utilizes a statistical shape model based on a subdivision mesh, texture differentiation at region boundaries, and features of anatomical landmarks to delineate boundaries of anatomical regions in gene expression images. This atlas, which provides a common coordinate system for internal brain data, is being used to create a searchable database of gene expression patterns in the adult mouse brain. Our framework annotates the images about four times faster and has achieved a median spatial overlap of up to 0.92 compared with expert segmentation in 64 images tested. This tool is intended to help scientists interpret large-scale gene expression patterns more efficiently. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Computat Biomed Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77001 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Computat Biomed Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Kakadiaris, IA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Computat Biomed Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ioannisk@uh.edu OI Kakadiaris, Ioannis/0000-0002-0591-1079 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR02250]; NLM NIH HHS [5T15LM07093] NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 728 EP 744 DI 10.1109/TMI.2007.895462 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 165OA UT WOS:000246313600009 PM 17518066 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, D Shukla, S Graham, P Gokhale, M AF Bhaduri, Debayan Shukla, Sandeep Graham, Paul Gokhale, Maya TI Comparing reliability-redundancy tradeoffs for two von Neumann multiplexing architectures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fault-tolerance; interconnect; majority; multiplexing; nanotechnology; noise; probabilistic model checking; probabilistic transfer matrices; probability; reliability ID DEFECT-TOLERANT; COMPUTATION; NANOCOMPUTERS; NANOARCHITECTURES; DEVICES; NOISE AB Nanoelectronic systems are anticipated to be highly susceptible to computation and communication noise. Interestingly, von Neumann addressed the issue of computation in the presence, of noisy gates in 1952 and developed a technique called multiplexing. He proposed multiplexing architectures based on two universal logic functions, NAND and MAJ. Generalized combinatorial models to analyze such multiplexing architectures were proposed by von Neumann and extended later by others. In this work, we describe an automated method for computing the effects of noise in both the computational and interconnect hardware of multiplexing-based nanosystems-a method employing a probabilistic model checking tool and extending previous modeling efforts, which only considered gate noise. This method is compared with a recently proposed automation methodology based on probabilistic transfer matrices and used to compute and compare the reliability of individual NAND and MAJ multiplexing systems, both in the presence of gate and interconnect noise. Such a comparative study of NAND and MAJ multiplexing is needed to provide quantitative guidelines for choosing one of the multiplexing schemes. The maximum device failure probabilities that can be accommodated by multiplexing-based fault-tolerant nanosystems are also computed by this method and compared with theoretical results from the literature. This paper provides a framework that can capture probabilistically quantified fault models and provide quick reliability evaluation of multiplexing architectures. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bhaduri, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dbhaduri@vt.edu; shukla@vt.edu; grahamp@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov RI Shukla, Sandeep/B-3358-2009 OI Shukla, Sandeep/0000-0001-5525-7426 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X EI 1941-0085 J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2007.891504 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 170NL UT WOS:000246670100001 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Bei, H Liu, CT AF Lu, Z. P. Bei, H. Liu, C. T. TI Recent progress in quantifying glass-forming ability of bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Advanced Intermetallic and Metallic Materials CY OCT 09-15, 2005 CL Yangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Cent S Univ, Harbin Inst Technol, Yangzhou City Govt DE glasses, metallic; thermal stability; calorimetry; melting; alloy design ID MINOR ALLOYING ADDITIONS; HIGH THERMAL-STABILITY; CU-ZR-TI; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH; COOLING RATE; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SUPERHEATED MELTS; AIR ATMOSPHERE; PARAMETERS AB The gamma parameter proposed by the authors has prompted a lot of new interests in quantifying glass-forming ability (GFA) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). As a result, many different GFA indicators/criteria have been suggested lately. Recent development in this area is summarized herein; it was found that all newly developed parameters can be grouped into three basic categories according to their definitions. Our statistical analysis, particularly the direct comparison with the or parameter developed by Park et al., shows that the universal GFA indicator gamma is still the best in terms of reliability and applicability. In addition, limitations of all the GFA parameters will be discussed, and future focuses in quantifying GFA of metallic systems will also be suggested. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 62 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 618 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.10.017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171MF UT WOS:000246739400002 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Babu, SS Vitek, JM AF Miller, M. K. Babu, S. S. Vitek, J. M. TI Stability of gamma ' precipitates in a PWA1480 alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Advanced Intermetallic and Metallic Materials CY OCT 09-15, 2005 CL Yangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Cent S Univ, Harbin Inst Technol, Yangzhou City Govt DE precipitates; phase stability, prediction ID DIFFUSION MECHANISM; NI; AL; NI3AL AB In the nickel-based superalloy PWA1480, 5-10-nm diameter gamma precipitates form during heat treatment at 871 degrees C within the primary cuboidal gamma' precipitates that formed at high temperature (1079 degrees C). The stability of these gamma precipitates during extended aging at 871 degrees C was investigated by atom probe tomography, computational thermodynamics, and diffusion-controlled growth kinetic modeling. The results show that these gamma precipitates are not in thermodynamic equilibrium in the alloy and dissolve during extended aging. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculations indicate that the formation of these non-equilibrium precipitates is related to local concentration fluctuations in the primary gamma' phase that developed during diffusion-controlled growth of gamma' at high temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.10.030 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171MF UT WOS:000246739400029 ER PT J AU Pilat, JF AF Pilat, Joseph F. TI The end of the NPT regime? SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB In the context of rising regional instability and conflict, along with increased incidents of global terrorism, in a dynamic, uncertain security environment, emerging nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction threats-both state proliferation and terrorism-are seen as growing dangers giving rise to increasing global insecurity. The international nuclear nonproliferation regime, the centerpiece of which is the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), is essential to current and future non-proliferation efforts and needs to be maintained and strengthened, not replaced. The normative and legal weight of the regime is important for counterterrorism as well as non-proliferation, but it will not likely directly affect the behaviour of so-called 'rogue states' and terrorists. Preventing them from achieving their objectives if they attempt to wield nuclear and radiological weapons may deter and dissuade them, as may a credible prospect of punishment. The interaction of non-proliferation and deterrence, so clear during the Cold War history of the NPT, remain crucial parts of an increasingly complex picture. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Directors Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pilat, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Directors Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 469 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00632.x PG 15 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 171CA UT WOS:000246711300004 ER PT J AU Puan, KJ Jin, C Wang, H Sarikonda, G Raker, AM Lee, HK Samuelson, MI Marker-Hermann, E Pasa-Tolic, L Nieves, E Giner, JL Kuzuyama, T Morita, CT AF Puan, Kia-Joo Jin, Chenggang Wang, Hong Sarikonda, Ghanashyam Raker, Amy M. Lee, Hoi K. Samuelson, Megan I. Maerker-Hermann, Elisabeth Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana Nieves, Edward Giner, Jose-Luis Kuzuyama, Tomohisa Morita, Craig T. TI Preferential recognition of a microbial metabolite by human V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4 phosphate pathway; microbial immunity; prenyl pyrophosphate antigens; gamma delta T cells ID 2-C-METHYL-D-ERYTHRITOL 4-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; METHYLERYTHRITOL PHOSPHATE-PATHWAY; LIVE MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DELTA-LYMPHOCYTES-T; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; ZONE B-CELLS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; IN-VITRO; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NONMEVALONATE PATHWAY AB Human V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells are stimulated by prenyl pyrophosphates, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), and play important roles in mediating immunity against microbial pathogens and have potent anti-tumor activity. (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyI pyrophosphate (HMBPP) has been identified as a metabolite in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4 phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenold biosynthesis that is used by many bacteria and protozoan parasites. We find that HMBPP is the major V gamma 2V delta 2 T-cell antigen for many bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli. HMBPP was a 30 000-fold more potent antigen than IPP. Using mutant bacteria, we show that bacterial antigen levels for V-gamma 2V delta 2 T cells are controlled by MEP pathway enzymes and find no evidence for the production of 3-formyl-1-butyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, HMBPP reactivity required only germ line-encoded V gamma 2V delta 2 TCR elements and is present at birth. Importantly, we show that bacterial HMBPP levels correlated with their ability to expand V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells in vivo upon engraftment into severe combined immunodeficiency-beige mice. Thus, the production of HMBPP by a microbial-specific isoprenoid pathway plays a major role in determining whether bacteria will stimulate V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells in vivo. This preferential stimulation by a common microbial isoprenoid metabolite allows V-gamma 2V delta 2 T cells to respond to a broad array of pathogens using this pathway. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Div Rheumatol, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Immunol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken GmbH, Div Rheumatol Immunol & Nephrol, D-65191 Wiesbaden, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Lab Mol Anal & Proteom, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. SUNY, ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Tokyo, Lab Cell Biotechnol, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Morita, CT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Div Rheumatol, Dept Internal Med, EMRB 400F, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM craig-morita@uiowa.edu RI Morita, Craig/C-1365-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR019352]; NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057160]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR45504, R01 AR045504] NR 116 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 657 EP 673 DI 10.1093/intimm/dxm031 PG 17 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 174TA UT WOS:000246964500008 PM 17446209 ER PT J AU Li, PX Maines-Bandiera, S Kuo, WL Guan, Y Sun, Y Hills, M Huang, GQ Collins, CC Leung, PCK Gray, JW Auersperg, N AF Li, Peixiang Maines-Bandiera, Sarah Kuo, Wen-Lin Guan, Yinghui Sun, Yu Hills, Mark Huang, Guiqing Collins, Collin C. Leung, Peter C. K. Gray, Joe W. Auersperg, Nelly TI Multiple roles of the candidate oncogene ZNF217 in ovarian epithelial neoplastic progression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE ZNF217; oncogene; ovarian cancer; immortalization ID 20Q13.2 COPY NUMBER; SURFACE EPITHELIUM; BREAST-CANCER; CHROMOSOMAL REGION; DOWN-REGULATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; 20Q GAIN; CELLS; GENES; IMMORTALIZATION AB The transcription factor ZNF217 is often amplified in ovarian cancer, but its role in neoplastic progression is unknown. We introduced ZNF217-HA by adenoviral and retroviral infection into normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE), i.e., the source of ovarian cancer, and into SV40 Tag/tag expressing, p53/pRB-deficient OSE with extended but finite life spans (IOSE). In OSE, ZNF217-HA reduced cell-substratum adhesion and accelerated loss of senescent cells, but caused no obvious proneoplastic changes. In contrast, ZNF217-HA transduction into IOSE yielded two permanent lines, 1-80RZ and 1-144RZ, which exhibited telomerase activity, stable telomere lengths, anchorage independence and reduced serum dependence, but were not tumorigenic in SCID mice. This immortalization required short-term EGF treatment near the time of crisis. The permanent lines were EGF-independent, but ZNF217-dependent since siRNA to ZNF217 inhibited anchorage independence and arrested growth. Array CGH revealed genomic changes resembling those of ovarian carcinomas, such as amplicons at 3q and 20q, and deletions at 4q and 18, associated with underexpressed annexin A10, N-cadherin, desmocollin 3 and PAI-2, which have been reported as tumor suppressors. The lines overexpressed EEF1A2, SMARA3 and STAT1 and underexpressed other oncogenes, tumor suppressors and extracellular matrix/adhesion genes. The results implicate ZNF217 as an ovarian oncogene, which is detrimental to senescing normal OSE cells but contributes to neoplastic progression in OSE with inactivated p53/RB. The resemblance of the genomic changes in the ZNF217-overexpressing lines to ovarian carcinomas provides a unique model to investigate interrelationships between these changes and ovarian neoplastic phenotypes. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, BC Womens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V5, Canada. Univ San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. BC Canc Agcy, Terry Fox Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Auersperg, N (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, BC Womens Hosp, Rm 2H30,4490 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V5, Canada. EM auersper@interchange.ubc.ca FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA 64602, P50 CA 58207] NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1863 EP 1873 DI 10.1002/ijc.22300 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 146ZA UT WOS:000244972000005 PM 17266044 ER PT J AU Morse, JD AF Morse, Jeffrey D. TI Micro-fuel cell power sources SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE micro-fuel cell; MEMS; membrane; catalyst; methanol; hydrogen; power ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; FORMIC-ACID; LAMINAR-FLOW; THIN-FILM; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; POROUS SILICON; METHANOL; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; MICROFABRICATION AB This paper presents a review and discussion of micro-fuel cell technologies, providing insight into the innovations that have been made to date. Discussion of concepts and results leading towards increased levels of integration and performance for micro-fuel cell systems will elucidate the potential of thin film and microfabrication methods in meeting the challenges and requirements necessary for consumer applications. While the amount of literature in this area is substantial, a representative sampling of key developments will be presented in this paper, in order to gain a sense of the design methodologies being implemented for micro-fuel cell power sources. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Meso Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Morse, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Meso Micro & Nano Technol, 7000 East Ave,L-222, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM morse3@llnl.gov NR 91 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6-7 BP 576 EP 602 DI 10.1002/er.1281 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 163OT UT WOS:000246170100003 ER PT J AU Mao, SS Chen, XB AF Mao, Samuel S. Chen, Xiaobo TI Selected nanotechnologies for renewable energy applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE renewable energy; nanotechnology ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES; BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; INDUCED WATER CLEAVAGE; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; PT-RU ALLOYS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE AB As the world faces serious energy challenges, the development and implementation of renewable energy technologies become increasingly important. In this article, we offer a glimpse of the role nanotechnology, in particular, innovations of nanostructures and nanomaterials, is playing in the development of selected renewable energy technologies. These technologies, based on the authors' research interests, include (1) converting the energy of sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells; (2) converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel by splitting water into its constituents; (3) storing hydrogen in solid-state forms; and (4) utilizing hydrogen to generate electricity through the use of fuel cells. It is clear that nanotechnology-enabled renewable energy technologies are starting to scale up dramatically. As they become mature and cost effective in the decades to come, renewable energy could eventually replace the traditional, environmentally unfriendly, fossil fuels. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov NR 110 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 63 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6-7 BP 619 EP 636 DI 10.1002/er.1283 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 163OT UT WOS:000246170100005 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L. TI The wonderful world of Wallywood SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This paper presents a personal account of the scientific and professional adventures of Walter Greiner. It is based on an "after dinner talk" given for the celebration of his 70'th birthday held at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies on April 3-6, 2006. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1265 EP 1283 DI 10.1142/S0218301307006642 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OP UT WOS:000251312800025 ER PT J AU Erian, FF Pease, LF AF Erian, Fadel F. Pease, Leonard F., III TI Three-phase upward flow in a vertical pipe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE three-phase flow; annular dispersed flow; pneumatic conveying; pressure drop in vertical pipe ID STABILITY AB In this paper we develop an approach to design a three-phase, gas-solid-liquid flow system that transports pneumatically scarified solid particles, including sticky ones, through a vertical pipe. The proposed system permits the introduction and maintenance of a liquid film that coats the pipe's inner wall and acts as a lubricant that ensures sticky particles continue to move upward without permanently adhering to the pipe wall. The system's operating conditions fall within the boundaries of the annular dispersed region on a typical flow pattern map of vertical flow of a gas-liquid mixture. High gas superficial velocities combined with low liquid superficial velocities characterize such a region. A combination of a modified one-dimensional, two-fluid annular dispersed flow model and a one-dimensional pneumatic conveying model is shown to describe this transport process satisfactorily. Solution of the combined models produces all the necessary design parameters including power requirements and superficial velocities of the two-fluid media needed to transport a given amount of solid particles. Results of model calculations are compared with rare three-phase flow data obtained prior to the development of the present model, by an independent experimental team that used the physical conditions of the present approach. Reasonable agreement justifies the use of the combined model for engineering design purposes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 IF&G Inc, Mat Handling Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Erian, FF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM faferian@msn.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 498 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2006.12.007 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 170EH UT WOS:000246644500003 ER PT J AU Yanai, T Harrison, RJ Nakajima, T Ishikawa, Y Hira, K AF Yanai, Takeshi Harrison, Robert J. Nakajima, Takahito Ishikawa, Yasuyuki Hira, Kimihiko TI New implementation of molecular double point-group symmetry in four-component relativistic Gaussian-type spinors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE four-component method; relativistic method; double-group symmetry; UF6 ID HARTREE-FOCK METHOD; CONSTRUCTION; POLYATOMICS; ALGORITHM; ORBITALS; SYSTEMS; SCF AB A new, practical implementation of double-group symmetry to relativistic Gaussian spinors is presented for four-component relativistic molecular calculations. We show that the systematic adaptability to irreducible representations under arbitrary point-group symmetry, as well as Kramers (time-reversal) symmetry, is inherent in the present basis spinors, which possess the analytic structure of Dirac atomic spinors. The implementation of double-group symmetry entails significant computational efficiencies in the relativistic second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation calculation on Au-2 and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation with the B3LYP functional on octahedral UF6, in which the highest symmetries used are, respectively, C-6h* and D-4h*. The four-component B3LYP equilibrium geometry of UF6 is reported. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, JST,PREST, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Chem Phys Program, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Yanai, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yanait@gmail.com NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1382 EP 1389 DI 10.1002/qua.21266 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 144BZ UT WOS:000244771500011 ER PT J AU Abu Al-Rub, RK Voyiadjis, GZ Bammann, DJ AF Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. Voyiadjis, George Z. Bammann, Douglas J. TI A thermodynamic based higher-order gradient theory for size dependent plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE gradient plasticity; non-local; size effect; thin films ID DISCRETE DISLOCATION PLASTICITY; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; LENGTH SCALE PARAMETER; POSTLOCALIZATION BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MICRO-INDENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SHEAR BANDS; FREE-ENERGY; ANISOTROPIC VISCODAMAGE AB A physically motivated and thermodynamically consistent formulation of small strain higher-order gradient plasticity theory is presented. Based on dislocation mechanics interpretations, gradients of variables associated with kinematic and isotropic hardenings are introduced. This framework is a two non-local parameter framework that takes into consideration large variations in the plastic strain tensor and large variations in the plasticity history variable; the equivalent (effective) plastic strain. The presence of plastic strain gradients is motivated by the evolution of dislocation density tensor that results from non-vanishing net Burgers vector and, hence, incorporating additional kinematic hardening (anisotropy) effects through lattice incompatibility. The presence of gradients in the effective (scalar) plastic strain is motivated by the accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations and, hence, incorporating additional isotropic hardening effects (i.e. strengthening). It is demonstrated that the non-local yield condition, flow rule, and non-zero microscopic boundary conditions can be derived directly from the principle of virtual power. It is also shown that the local Clausius-Duhem inequality does not hold for gradient-dependent material and, therefore, a non-local form should be adopted. The non-local Clausius-Duhem inequality has an additional term that results from microstructural long-range energy interchanges between the material points within the body. A detailed discussion on the physics and the application of proper microscopic boundary conditions, either on free surfaces, clamped surfaces, or intermediate constrained surfaces, is presented. It is shown that there is a close connection between interface/surface energy of an interface or free surface and the microscopic boundary conditions in terms of microtraction stresses. Some generalities and utility of this theory are discussed and comparisons with other gradient theories are given. Applications of the proposed theory for size effects in thin films are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modling, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Abu Al-Rub, RK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rashedkamel@yahoo.com; Voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu RI Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009 NR 95 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2888 EP 2923 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.08.034 PG 36 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 158CU UT WOS:000245769500017 ER PT J AU Lehikoinen, A Finsterle, S Voutilainen, A Heikkinen, LM Vauhkonen, M Kaipio, JP AF Lehikoinen, A. Finsterle, S. Voutilainen, A. Heikkinen, L. M. Vauhkonen, M. Kaipio, J. P. TI Approximation errors and truncation of computational domains with application to geophysical tomography SO INVERSE PROBLEMS AND IMAGING LA English DT Article DE inverse problems; approximation errors; domain truncation; electrical resistance tomography ID CURRENT COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRODE MODELS; VADOSE ZONE; INVERSION; BIAS; FLOW AB Numerical realization of mathematical models always induces errors to the computational models, thus affecting both predictive simulations and related inversion results. Especially, inverse problems are typically sensitive to modeling and measurement errors, and therefore the accuracy of the numerical model is a crucial issue in inverse computations. For instance, in problems related to partial differential equation models, the implementation of a numerical model with high accuracy necessitates the use of fine discretization and realistic boundary conditions. However, in some cases realistic boundary conditions can be posed only for very large or even unbounded computational domains. Fine discretization and large domains lead to very high-dimensional models that may be of prohibitive computational cost. Therefore, it is often necessary in practice to use coarser discretization and smaller computational domains with more or less incorrect boundary conditions in order to decrease the dimensionality of the model. In this paper we apply the recently proposed approximation error approach to the problem of incorrectly posed boundary conditions. As a specific computational example we consider the imaging of conductivity distribution of soil using electrical resistance tomography. We show that the approximation error approach can also be applied to domain truncation problems and that it allows one to use significantly smaller scale forward models in the inversion. C1 [Lehikoinen, A.; Voutilainen, A.; Heikkinen, L. M.; Vauhkonen, M.; Kaipio, J. P.] Univ Kuopio, Dept Phys, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Finsterle, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lehikoinen, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Phys, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM Anssi.Lehikoinen@uku.fi RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1930-8337 EI 1930-8345 J9 INVERSE PROBL IMAG JI Inverse Probl. Imaging PD MAY PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 371 EP 389 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 291SI UT WOS:000255216700008 ER PT J AU Langheinrich, AC Michniewicz, A Sedding, DG Lai, B Jorgensen, SM Bohle, RM Ritman, EL AF Langheinrich, Alexander C. Michniewicz, Agata Sedding, Daniel G. Lai, Barry Jorgensen, Steven M. Bohle, Rainer M. Ritman, Erik L. TI Quantitative X-ray imaging of intraplaque hemorrhage in aortas of ApoE(-/-)/LDL(-/-) double knockout mice SO INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; micro-CT; imaging; hemorrhage; iron ID MULTISLICE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN CAROTID ARTERIES; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; CORONARY-ARTERIES; PLAQUE PROGRESSION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; IRON DEPOSITION; VASA VASORUM; IN-VITRO; CT AB Objectives: To determine if hemorrhage into an arterial wall can be detected in CT images by virtue of the iron content. Materials and Methods: Aortas from male apoE(-/-)/LDL(-/-) mice (n = 31) were infused in situ with contrast agent, for micro-CT scanning and histology. Roentgen-opacities within the aortic walls were identified by histology and micro-x-ray fluorescence to be iron or calcium. Dual-energy scanning was performed at 2 energy levels using synchrotron-based micro-CT [(2 mu m)(3) voxels, 16 and 20 keV] and 64-slice CT (0.4 x 0.4 x 0.6 mm voxels, 80 and 120 kVp). Results: Opacities were identified as hemorrhage-related clusters of multiple punctate deposits, containing both Fe (0.48 x 10(-12) g/voxel) and Ca (3.18 x 10(-2) g/voxel), or as isolated confluent accumulations of exclusively calcium. Subtraction of the dual-energy CT scans discriminated iron from calcium deposits. Conclusion: Detection and quantification of iron deposits in hemorrhaged atherosclerotic lesions is feasible by dual-energy CT imaging. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Giessen, Dept Radiol, Giessen, Germany. Univ Giessen, Dept Cardiol, Giessen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Giessen, Dept Pathol, Giessen, Germany. RP Ritman, EL (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, 200 1st St SW,Alfred 2-409, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM elran@mayo.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL65342]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000305] NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0020-9996 J9 INVEST RADIOL JI Invest. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1097/01.rli.0000258085.87952.ea PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 160IF UT WOS:000245933400001 PM 17414521 ER PT J AU He, ZL Gentry, TJ Schadt, CW Wu, LY Liebich, J Chong, SC Huang, ZJ Wu, WM Gu, BH Jardine, P Criddle, C Zhou, J AF He, Zhili Gentry, Terry J. Schadt, Christopher W. Wu, Liyou Liebich, Jost Chong, Song C. Huang, Zhijian Wu, Weimin Gu, Baohua Jardine, Phil Criddle, Craig Zhou, Jizhong TI GeoChip: a comprehensive microarray for investigating biogeochemical, ecological and environmental processes SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microarray; functional genes; microbial community; bioremediation ID HIGHLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; PROBE DESIGN CRITERIA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; REDUCTION; URANIUM; ARRAYS AB Owing to their vast diversity and as-yet uncultivated status, detection, characterization and quantification of microorganisms in natural settings are very challenging, and linking microbial diversity to ecosystem processes and functions is even more difficult. Microarray-based genomic technology for detecting functional genes and processes has a great promise of overcoming such obstacles. Here, a novel comprehensive microarray, termed GeoChip, has been developed, containing 24 243 oligonucleotide ( 50 mer) probes and covering 410 000 genes in 4150 functional groups involved in nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus cycling, metal reduction and resistance, and organic contaminant degradation. The developed GeoChip was successfully used for tracking the dynamics of metal-reducing bacteria and associated communities for an in situ bioremediation study. This is the first comprehensive microarray currently available for studying biogeochemical processes and functional activities of microbial communities important to human health, agriculture, energy, global climate change, ecosystem management, and environmental cleanup and restoration. It is particularly useful for providing direct linkages of microbial genes/populations to ecosystem processes and functions. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; NR 40 TC 324 Z9 341 U1 25 U2 162 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 206XI UT WOS:000249215800010 PM 18043615 ER PT J AU Segalman, DJ Starr, MJ AF Segalman, Daniel J. Starr, Michael J. TI Modeling of threaded joints using anisotropic elastic continua SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE threaded connections; joints; anisotropic elasticity; equivalent material; finite element model ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD AB Using fine material meshes in structural dynamics analysis is often impractical due to time step considerations. Unfortunately, fine meshes are typically required to capture the inherent physics in jointed connections. This is especially true in threaded connections which feature numerous contact interfaces and stress singularities. A systematic method is presented here for representing the threaded volume by a continuous, homogeneous, linear elastic, anisotropic equivalent material. The parameters of that equivalent material depend on thread geometry and the assumed contact condition between adjacent threads and are derived from detailed finite element simulations of a characteristic thread-pair unit cell. Numerical simulations using the equivalent material closely match the local stiffness through the load path calculated from the finely meshed thread models and also reproduce classical theoretical and experimental results from the literature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 BP 575 EP 585 DI 10.1115/1.2424467 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 179XR UT WOS:000247324400021 ER PT J AU Ahn, KS Lee, SH Dillon, AC Tracy, CE Pitts, R AF Ahn, Kwang-Soon Lee, Se-Hee Dillon, Anne C. Tracy, C. Edwin Pitts, Roland TI The effect of thermal annealing on photoelectrochemical responses of WO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NI OXIDE-FILMS; ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES; WATER AB The photoelectrochemical responses of WO3 thin films have been investigated as a function of annealing temperature up to 600 degrees C. WO3 films were deposited on unheated substrates by thermal evaporation followed by annealing at temperatures of 300, 500, and 600 degrees C for 5 h in air. The WO3 film annealed at 500 degrees C shows the best photoelectrochemical response due to improved crystallinity and enhanced light absorption in the long-wavelength region. Although the WO3 film annealed at 600 degrees C exhibits better crystallinity and increased light absorption properties, it shows a decreased photoelectrochemical response in comparison to the one annealed at 500 degrees C. These results strongly suggests that the reduced amount of electrochemical reaction sites for the film annealed at 600 degrees C film plays a significant role in influencing the decreased photoresponse. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahn, KS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM soon_ahn@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 093524 DI 10.1063/1.2729472 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900038 ER PT J AU Alsmadi, AM Velthuis, SGET Felcher, GP Kim, CG AF Alsmadi, A. M. Velthuis, S. G. E. te Felcher, G. P. Kim, C. G. TI Spin structure of exchange-biased NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC LAYER; DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPY; FILMS AB The magnetic hysteresis curves of NiFe(t)/FeMn(15 nm)/NiFe(5 nm) exchange-biased trilayers, with t ranging from 3.8 to 18 nm, show two clearly separated loops, which were interpreted as corresponding to the independent magnetic reversal of the two ferromagnetic (FM) NiFe layers. Polarized neutron reflectometry allowed the determination of the evolution of these two layer magnetizations at various fields along the hysteresis curve. For increasing t, the behavior of the magnetization evolved from one where both layer magnetizations were always collinear to the applied field to one where rotation of the magnetizations was observed at various fields. Measurements on the thickest field-annealed sample additionally showed that, during the reversal, the magnetizations of the two NiFe layers are close to being perpendicular to each other. This magnetic configuration is discussed in terms of the FM/antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions and of a possible coupling between the two FM layers across the thick AFM FeMn spacer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Alsmadi, AM (reprint author), Hashemite Univ, Dept Phys, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. EM alsmadi_abd@yahoo.com RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09E522 DI 10.1063/1.2710344 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900242 ER PT J AU Arena, DA Vescovo, E Kao, CC Guan, Y Bailey, WE AF Arena, D. A. Vescovo, E. Kao, C.-C. Guan, Y. Bailey, W. E. TI Combined time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ferromagnetic resonance studies of magnetic alloys and multilayers (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID THIN-FILMS; NI81FE19; DOPANTS AB We present measurements of element- and time-resolved ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in magnetic thin films at gigahertz frequencies via an implementation of time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (TR-XMCD). By combining TR-XMCD and FMR, using a rf excitation that is phase locked to the photon bunch clock, the dynamic response of individual layers or precession of individual elements in an alloy can be measured. The technique also provides extremely accurate measurements of the precession cone angle (to 0.1 degrees) and the phase of oscillation (to 2 degrees, or similar to 5 ps at 2.3 GHz). TR-XMCD combined with FMR can be used to study the origins of precessional damping by measuring the relative phase of dissimilar precessing magnetic moments. We have used the technique to measure the response of specific elements and separate layers in several alloys and structures, including a single Ni(81)Fe(19) layer, a pseudo-spin-valve structure (Ni(81)Fe(19)/Cu/Co(93)Zr(7)), magnetic bilayers consisting of low damping (Co(93)Zr(7)) and high damping (Tb-doped Ni(81)Fe(19)) layers joined across a common interface, and elemental moments in Tb-doped Ni(81)Fe(19). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Mat Sci Program, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Arena, DA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM darena@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09C109 DI 10.1063/1.2712294 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900142 ER PT J AU Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Johnson, PR Watson, RE AF Bennett, L. H. Della Torre, E. Johnson, P. R. Watson, R. E. TI A phase diagram for the Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Annual Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/Annual Intermag Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETIZATION AB Evidence has recently been given for the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons in nanostructures. This behavior occurs for nanoparticles some tens of nanometers in size (having some millions of atoms in a nanoparticle). Here we explore the effect of particle size on the BEC critical temperature and the blocking temperature. These considerations lead to a proposed phase diagram for magnetic behavior in nanoparticles, with distinct BEC, superparamagnetic, and ferromagnetic phases. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bennett, LH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM lbennett@gwu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09G103 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900264 ER PT J AU Buchwald, WR Morath, CP Drevinsky, PJ AF Buchwald, Walter R. Morath, Christian P. Drevinsky, Peter J. TI Effects of deep defect concentration on junction space charge capacitance measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRAPS; DLTS; CENTERS; SILICON AB Expressions for the small signal capacitance and pulse bias-induced large signal capacitance transient of an abrupt n(+)-p junction in the presence of one or more deep traps of arbitrary concentrations are presented. The expressions show that a simple inverse relationship between the measured small signal capacitance and the junction's space charge depletion width is not expected. Unexpected effects on defect capture cross section and defect concentration determination, when applied to deep level transient spectroscopy simulations, are also reported. Experimental results of both temperature dependent capacitance and transient capacitance measurements performed on electron irradiated Si n(+)-p junctions are presented and analyzed in the context of these expressions. Modeling of the measured signals using these expressions is shown to be in good agreement with the experiment. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Lab SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Lab SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 094503 DI 10.1063/1.2719291 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900092 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Littrell, KC Goremychkin, EA Kolesnikov, AI Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL AF Christianson, A. D. Lawrence, J. M. Littrell, K. C. Goremychkin, E. A. Kolesnikov, A. I. Thompson, J. D. Sarrao, J. L. TI Crystal field excitations in the singlet ground state compound Pr3In SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB Pr3In exhibits an antiferromagnetic transition at similar to 12 K. This transition appears to occur due to the exchange-generated admixture of higher lying crystal field levels into the singlet ground state. It is thus an example of an induced moment antiferromagnet. To provide detailed understanding of the magnetic behavior of Pr3In, we have measured the magnetic excitation spectrum with inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We observe a clear dispersion of a crystal field excitation at 4 K. Above 100 K, the dispersion of the crystal field excitation has largely vanished and a crystal field scheme for Pr in a cubic site symmetry (in which the lowest states are a Gamma(1) singlet and a Gamma(4) triplet) provides a good approximation to the data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Christianson, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM postfab@googlemail.com RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09D505 DI 10.1063/1.2709500 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900202 ER PT J AU Eisenbach, M Stocks, GM Nicholson, DM AF Eisenbach, Markus Stocks, G. Malcolm Nicholson, Don M. TI Noncollinear magnetism in permalloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID PRINCIPLES SPIN DYNAMICS AB Permalloy is an important material in a wide variety of magnetic systems, most notably in giant-magnetoresistive read heads. However, despite this great interest, its properties are not fully understood. For an in depth analysis of important physical properties as, e.g., electric transport or magnetic anisotropy, a detailed understanding of the distribution of magnetic moments on an atomic level is necessary. Using our first principles locally self-consistent multiple scattering method, we calculate the magnetic ground state structure for a large supercell model of Permalloy. Our code allows us to solve both the usual nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation as well as the fully relativistic Dirac equation and to find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic moments at each atomic site. While the nonrelativistic calculation yields a collinear ground state in accordance with previous calculations, we find the ground state for the fully relativistic calculation to be slightly noncollinear. We also investigate the influence of variations in the iron concentration on the distribution of magnetic moments. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Eisenbach, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM eisenbachm@ornl.gov RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Eisenbach, Markus/0000-0001-8805-8327 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09G503 DI 10.1063/1.2670151 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900284 ER PT J AU El-Khatib, S Llobet, A Kalvius, GM Noakes, DR Stronach, CE Ansaldo, EJ Torikachvili, MS Nakotte, H AF El-Khatib, S. Llobet, A. Kalvius, G. M. Noakes, D. R. Stronach, C. E. Ansaldo, E. J. Torikachvili, M. S. Nakotte, H. TI Muon spin resonance study on UCu1.5Sn2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID EQUIVALENT-TO-CO; CU; NI AB We report muon spin relaxation measurements results on UCu1.5Sn2, which crystallizes in the CaBe2Ge2-type structure. Our analysis is consistent with collinear antiferromagnetic order that occurs below 108 K, in agreement with previous reports. The Brillouin-like behavior of the temperature dependence of the magnetic response is consistent with localized 5f moments. The phase transition at T-N is unusual. Critical slowing down for the paramagnetic U spin fluctuations is absent, a behavior usually observed in first-order transitions. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the local field generated by the U spins is a typical second-order feature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N OWO, Canada. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92812 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Nakotte, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hnakotte@nmsu.edu RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09D515 DI 10.1063/1.2713212 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900212 ER PT J AU Junior, AF Zapf, V Egan, P AF Franco Junior, Adolfo Zapf, Vivien Egan, Paul TI Magnetic properties of nanoparticles of CoxFe(3-x)O4 (0.05 <= x <= 1.6) prepared by combustion reaction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID COBALT FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; COFE2O4 POWDERS; PARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; MOSSBAUER; SPINEL; SIZE AB Nanoparticles of CoxFe(3-x)O4 with x ranging from 0.05 to 1.6 were synthesized by a combustion reaction method using iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and urea as fuel. X-ray diffraction patterns of all systems showed broad peaks consistent with the cubic inverse spinel structure of cobalt ferrite. The absence of extra reflections in the diffraction patterns of as-prepared materials, with x=0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, demonstrates the phase purity. Magnetization measurements show that the saturation magnetization (M-s), coercivity (H-c), and remanent magnetization (M-r) depend on the molar cobalt concentration and the temperature as well. At 4 K, the reduced remanence, M-r/M-s, are equal to 0.66 and 0.63 for x=0.8 and 1.0, respectively, indicating that cubic-type magnetic anisotropy is significant in these nanoparticles. These observations are discussed in terms of a model in which it is assumed that each crystallite consists of a ferromagnetic core surrounded by a magnetically disordered shell. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Catolica Goias, Dept Matemat & Fis, BR-74605010 Goiania, Go, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Junior, AF (reprint author), Univ Catolica Goias, Dept Matemat & Fis, Caixa Postal 86, BR-74605010 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM franco@ucg.br RI Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Franco Jr, Adolfo/L-3515-2014 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Franco Jr, Adolfo/0000-0001-6428-6640 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09M506 DI 10.1063/1.2711063 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900410 ER PT J AU Guslienko, KY Hoffmann, A AF Guslienko, K. Y. Hoffmann, A. TI Vortex magnetization reversal in double-layer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic dots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We investigated theoretically the magnetization reversal via vortex nucleation and annihilation in double-layer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic cylindrical dots. The influence of the antiferromagnetic layer on the magnetization reversal is accounted for by means of an interfacial, unidirectional exchange field. We consider explicitly a nonuniformity of the magnetization reversal mode along the direction perpendicular to the layers, which gives rise to a nonuniform Bloch line. The vortex annihilation fields, the vortex trajectory, and the average dot magnetization are calculated as functions of the dot geometrical parameters and the external field direction with respect to the exchange-bias field. The calculations are compared with recent experiments. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Ctr Spin Dynam & Spin Wave Devices, Nanospintron Lab, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Ctr Spin Dynam & Spin Wave Devices, Nanospintron Lab, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM hoffmann@anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 093901 DI 10.1063/1.2719620 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900056 ER PT J AU Hindmarch, AT Kinane, CJ Marrows, CH Hickey, BJ Henini, M Taylor, D Arena, DA Dvorak, J AF Hindmarch, A. T. Kinane, C. J. Marrows, C. H. Hickey, B. J. Henini, M. Taylor, D. Arena, D. A. Dvorak, J. TI In-plane magnetic anisotropies of sputtered Co0.7Fe0.3 films on AlGaAs(001) spin light emitting diode heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID GAAS(001) AB The in-plane magnetic properties of Co0.7Fe0.3 films sputtered onto Al0.1Ga0.9As and Al0.1Ga0.9As/GaAs epilayers are consistent with a strongly oriented bcc crystal structure with clean metal-semiconductor interfaces. However, the interface induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is oriented along one of the in-plane < 100 >, rather than < 110 >, as is the case in molecular beam epitaxy-grown films. Resonant x-ray measurements show interfacial magnetic disorder in films on Al0.1Ga0.9As, which accounts for the difference in magnetic anisotropy behavior between samples on Al0.1Ga0.9As and Al0.1Ga0.9As/GaAs epilayer substrates, and which may have significant consequences for the spin-injection efficiency across such interfaces. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, EC Stoner Lab, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hindmarch, AT (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, EC Stoner Lab, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.t.hindmarch@leeds.ac.uk RI Marrows, Christopher/D-7980-2011; Hindmarch, Aidan/B-7970-2012; Henini, Mohamed/E-8520-2012; Hickey, B J/B-3333-2016; OI Henini, Mohamed/0000-0001-9414-8492; Hickey, B J/0000-0001-8289-5618; Marrows, Christopher/0000-0003-4812-6393 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09D106 DI 10.1063/1.2709494 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900177 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Song, SH Lo, CC Aldini, ST Jiles, DC AF Lee, S. J. Song, S. H. Lo, C. C. Aldini, S. T. Jiles, D. C. TI Magneto-optic properties of CoFe2-xGaxO4 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SUBSTITUTED COBALT-FERRITE; CHARGE-TRANSFER TRANSITIONS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS; ALUMINUM; SPECTRA; COFE2O4; FE3O4 AB Research on cobalt ferrite based composites has increased recently due to their potential applications such as noncontact magnetoelastic stress or torque sensors and erasable magneto-optic recording media. We report a study of the polar Kerr rotation spectra for CoFe2-xGaxO4 (with x=0.4 and x=0.8). Each of the spectra consists of two peaks of negative Kerr rotation in the measured photon energy range of 1.5-3.0 eV. For x=0.4, one peak occured at 1.8 eV and the other at 2.25 eV. For x=0.8, the first peak shifted to a higher energy of about 1.9 eV, while the second peak remained at 2.25 eV. The origin of the peaks in the polar Kerr spectra and the observed shift of peak position resulting from Ga substitution can be explained by the intervalence charge-transfer transition, in which an electron from a metallic cation is transferred to a neighboring cation through an optical excitation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlee@ameslab.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09C502 DI 10.1063/1.2693953 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900146 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Harmon, BN Goldman, AI Lang, JC AF Lee, Y. Harmon, B. N. Goldman, A. I. Lang, J. C. TI Temperature dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in Er2Fe17 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID BAND-STRUCTURE; METALS; ANISOTROPY; ENERGY; EDGES AB The x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the erbium L-2 and L-3 edges in Er2Fe17 have been investigated experimentally as a function of temperature and theoretically using first principles electronic structure calculations. The spectral changes with temperature are rather dramatic and are related to the interplay between the Fe-3d and the Er-4f orbitals causing spin polarization of the 5d states. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Ames Lab, 111 TASF, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM harmon@ameslab.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09G525 DI 10.1063/1.2713428 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900306 ER PT J AU Lian, LX Deng, LJ Han, M Tang, W Feng, SD AF Lian, Li-Xian Deng, L. J. Han, M. Tang, W. Feng, Shao-Dong TI Microwave electromagnetic and absorption properties of Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites in the 0.5-18 and 26.5-40 GHz ranges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETS; FREQUENCIES; FERRITE AB Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites were prepared using a melt-spinning method, subsequent annealing treatment, and ball milling. The complex permittivity and permeability of the composites were measured in the 0.5-18 and 26.5-40 GHz frequency ranges. The permeability spectra of the Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites exhibit relaxation and resonance type characteristic in the 0.5-18 and 26.5-40 GHz frequency ranges, respectively. The resonance frequency (f(r)) of Nd10Fe78Co5Zr1B6 nanocomposite is 30 GHz due to the large anisotropy field (H-A). However, the resonance frequency of the Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe sample is lower than that of Nd2Fe14B, due to the decrease of H-A induced by the exchange interaction between hard and soft magnetic phases. These samples also showed good microwave absorption performance (reflection loss: <-20 dB) in 9, 17, and 35-38 GHz with matching thicknesses of 2, 1.2, and 0.37 mm, respectively. Therefore, Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites are thought to be a potential candidate for thinner microwave absorbers not only in the centimeter wave but also in the millimeter wave band. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Ctr Electromagnet Wave Absorbing Mat, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lian, LX (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM ly_huwang@sina.com NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09M520 DI 10.1063/1.2712957 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900424 ER PT J AU Ring, AP Lograsso, T Schlagel, D Snyder, JE Jiles, DC AF Ring, A. P. Lograsso, T. Schlagel, D. Snyder, J. E. Jiles, D. C. TI Irreversible field induced magnetostriction at temperatures above and below the order-disorder transition in single crystal Tb5Si2.2Ge1.8 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB This paper reports on the behavior of single crystal Tb5Si2.2Ge1.8 in the vicinity of its order-disorder and order-order phase transition from a higher temperature paramagnetic/monoclinic state to a lower temperature ferromagnetic/orthorhombic state. Measurements have been made of thermal and field induced changes in strain along the crystallographic a axis. The material exhibits large strains of up to 1500 ppm when a magnetic field is applied to it in its paramagnetic state but much smaller strains when a field is applied to it in its ferromagnetic state. These field induced strains are different from conventional magnetostriction because they result mostly from the change in crystal structure. As a result of this the field induced strain changes that accompany the phase transitions of this material are not fully reversible. The shape and slope of the strain versus magnetic field curves were distinctly different depending on whether the material started from above the Curie temperature (where the application of a magnetic field of sufficient strength induced a structural phase transformation) or started from below the Curie temperature (where the application of a field merely stabilized the existing magnetic order). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cardiff Univ, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. RP Ring, AP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andyring@iastate.edu RI Ring, Andrew/E-1893-2012 OI Ring, Andrew/0000-0003-1013-737X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09C527 DI 10.1063/1.2712959 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900171 ER PT J AU Rong, CB Nandwana, V Poudyal, N Liu, JP Saito, T Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ AF Rong, Chuan-Bing Nandwana, Vikas Poudyal, Narayan Liu, J. Ping Saito, Tetsuji Wu, Yaqiao Kramer, Matthew J. TI Bulk FePt/Fe3Pt nanocomposite magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; FEPT; PHASE; NANOPARTICLES; SIMULATION; ANISOTROPY; CO AB FePt/Fe3Pt bulk nanocomposite magnets have been prepared by the spark plasma sintering of chemically synthesized FePt and Fe3O4 nanoparticles under 100 MPa at 400-600 degrees C. It was found that the phase transition of the FePt compound from the face centered cubic to the L1(0) started at 500 degrees C and was almost completed at 600 degrees C during the sintering. The activated atomic diffusion during the phase transition led to a significant increase in density. The density about 70% of the theoretical value has been obtained. Grain size of the sintered samples remains nanoscale even after a postannealing at 700 degrees C. Pressure rather than temperature was more effective in enhancing intergrain exchange coupling compared to temperature. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Chiba Inst Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Narashino, Chiba 2750016, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rong, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM pliu@uta.edu RI Rong, Chuanbing/C-6703-2008 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09K515 DI 10.1063/1.2710811 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900383 ER PT J AU Gray, GT Bourne, NK Henrie, BL AF (Rusty) Gray, G. T., III Bourne, N. K. Henrie, B. L. TI On the influence of loading profile upon the tensile failure of stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FRACTURE; PULSE DURATION; STRESS AMPLITUDE; SHOCK-WAVES; SPALLATION; METALS; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; EXPLOSIVES; HARDNESS AB A material placed in direct contact with a high explosive experiences a Taylor wave (triangular-shaped) shock loading profile. While a large number of studies have probed the structure, properties, and tensile response of materials subjected to square-topped shock loading pulses histories, few studies have systematically quantified the influence of shock-wave profile shape on material response. Samples of 316L stainless steel were shock loaded to peak stresses of 6.6, 10.2, and 14.5 GPa to examine the influence of square-topped and triangular (Taylor wave)-shaped pulse loading on the dynamic tensile behavior (spallation). The 316L SS samples were loaded with a square-topped pulse to each peak shock stress, using a pulse duration of 0.9 mu s. They displayed increasing incipient spallation damage with increasing peak stress. Samples loaded to the peak shock stresses of 6.6 and 10.2 GPa with a Taylor-wave loading pulse (which immediately unloads the sample after the peak Hugoniot stress is achieved) exhibited no damage. Only the 14.5 GPa Taylor pulse shocked sample exhibited both a pull-back signal and incipient damage following tensile loading. The damage evolution in the square-topped shocked samples was found to be a mixture of void and strain localization damage, the void fraction increasing with peak shock amplitude. With the Taylor-wave loading profile of amplitude 14.5 GPa, a high incidence of shear localization and low incidence of void formation was observed. Detailed analysis of the damage evolution as a function of shock pulse shape revealed that a nominally equivalent level of incipient damage was obtained using a Taylor-wave or square-topped loading pulse when a similar rear sample surface stress-time total impulse was applied. In order to induce equivalent damage with the two pulse shapes, the impulse applied needed to be nominally matched. For this to occur, the Taylor-wave profile required twice the amplitude of the square one and the durations of each pulse needed to be appropriately scaled. Detailed metallographic, microtextural, and void shape and size analyses of the damage evolution are presented as a function of the inferred loading pulse shape and the peak Hugoniot stress. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rusty@lanl.gov RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 093507 DI 10.1063/1.2720099 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900021 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Pehrsson, PE Taheri, ML Stroud, RM AF Simpkins, B. S. Pehrsson, P. E. Taheri, M. L. Stroud, R. M. TI Diameter control of gallium nitride nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN NANOWIRES; GROWTH; SURFACE; MECHANISM; NI AB Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires are grown with controlled diameter and position by combining electron-beam lithography and naturally occurring surface tension forces. Lithographically defined particle diameters were held constant while only the film thickness was varied. Annealing drives as-deposited metal disks toward hemispheres according to conservation of volume constraints, resulting in well-controlled catalyst particles with radii smaller than those of the as-deposited particles. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction confirm that the nanowires are highly crystalline wurtzite GaN. The ability to structurally control the GaN nanowire size yields effective modulation of NW-FET conductivity. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 094305 DI 10.1063/1.2728782 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900084 ER PT J AU Song, SH Lo, CCH Lee, SJ Aldini, ST Snyder, JE Jiles, DC AF Song, S. H. Lo, C. C. H. Lee, S. J. Aldini, S. T. Snyder, J. E. Jiles, D. C. TI Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of Ga-substituted cobalt ferrite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SENSOR APPLICATIONS; ANISOTROPY AB Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of a series of Ga-substituted cobalt ferrites, CoGa(x)Fe(2-x)O(4) (x=0.0-0.8), have been investigated. The Curie temperature T(C) and hysteresis properties were found to vary with gallium content (x), which indicates that exchange and anisotropy energies changed as a result of substitution of Ga for Fe. The maximum magnitude of magnetostriction decreased monotonically with increasing gallium content over the range x=0.0-0.8. The rate of change of magnetostriction with applied magnetic field (d lambda/dH) showed a maximum value of 3.2x10(-9) A(-1) m for x=0.2. This is the highest value among recently reported cobalt ferrite based materials. It was found that the dependence of magnetic and magnetoelastic properties on the amount of substituent (x) was different for Mn, Cr, and Ga. This is considered to be due to the differences in cation site occupancy preferences of the elements within the spinel crystal structure: Mn(3+) and Cr(3+) prefer the octahedral (B) sites, whereas Ga(3+) prefers the tetrahedral (A) sites. C1 Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cardiff Univ, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. RP Song, SH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM song73@iastate.edu NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09C517 DI 10.1063/1.2712941 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900161 ER PT J AU Tang, W Wu, YQ Dennis, KW Kramer, MJ Anderson, IE McCallum, RW AF Tang, W. Wu, Y. Q. Dennis, K. W. Kramer, M. J. Anderson, I. E. McCallum, R. W. TI Comparison of microstructure and magnetic properties of gas-atomized and melt-spun MRE-Fe-Co-M-B (MRE = Y+Dy+Nd, M = Zr+TiC) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB An MRE(2)(Fe,Co)(14)B alloy with Zr substitution and TiC addition was systematically studied. It was found by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements that the combination of Zr substitution and TiC addition yields adequate microstructural control in both gas atomization (GA) and melt spinning (MS) techniques. For MS ribbons, an H(cj) of 11.7 kOe and (BH)(max) of 11.9 MGOe at 27 degrees C were obtained in the ribbons spun at 16 m/s and annealed at 700 degrees C for 15 min. For GA powders, an H(cj) of 9.1 kOe and (BH)(max) of 9.2 MGOe at 27 degrees C were obtained in 20-25 mu m GA powder annealed at 700 degrees C for 15 min. The temperature coefficients of B(r) and H(cj) are 0.06 and 0.36%/degrees C for the MS ribbon and 0.09 and 0.4%/degrees C for the GA powder in the temperature range of 27-100 degrees C, respectively. TEM images revealed that the MS ribbon consists of a fine and uniform microstructure with an average size of 30 nm, while the GA spherical powder consists of an interior coarsened microstructure with a grain size of 80 nm and a rim area with a grain size of 10 nm. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM weitang@ameslab.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09K510 DI 10.1063/1.2710551 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900378 ER PT J AU Wang, RF Li, J McConville, W Nisoli, C Ke, X Freeland, JW Rose, V Grimsditch, M Lammert, P Crespi, VH Schiffer, P AF Wang, R. F. Li, J. McConville, W. Nisoli, C. Ke, X. Freeland, J. W. Rose, V. Grimsditch, M. Lammert, P. Crespi, V. H. Schiffer, P. TI Demagnetization protocols for frustrated interacting nanomagnet arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID FABRICATION AB We report a study of demagnetization protocols for frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain permalloy nanomagnets by rotating the arrays in a changing magnetic field. The most effective demagnetization is achieved by not only stepping the field strength down while the sample is rotating, but also by combining each field step with alternation in the field direction. By contrast, linearly decreasing the field strength or stepping the field down without alternating the field direction leaves the arrays with a larger remanent magnetic moment. These results suggest that nonmonotonic variations in field magnitude around and below the coercive field are important for the demagnetization process. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, RF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schiffer@phys.psu.edu RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Li, Jie/L-5091-2013; Li, Jie/D-9021-2014; wang, ruifang/D-3037-2016; OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; wang, ruifang/0000-0002-8456-9776; Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193 NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09J104 DI 10.1063/1.2712528 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900336 ER PT J AU Zapf, VS Correa, VF Batista, CD Murphy, TP Palm, ED Jaime, M Tozer, S Lacerda, A Paduan, A AF Zapf, V. S. Correa, V. F. Batista, C. D. Murphy, T. P. Palm, E. D. Jaime, M. Tozer, S. Lacerda, A. Paduan-Filho, A. TI Magnetostriction in the Bose-Einstein condensate quantum magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)(2) (Invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SYSTEMS; FIELDS AB The quantum magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)(2) is a candidate for observing Bose-Einstein condensation of spin degrees of freedom in applied magnetic fields. An XY antiferromagnetic ordered state occurs in a dome-shaped region of the temperature-field phase diagram between H-c1=2.1 T and H-c2=12.6 T and below 1.2 K. Bose-Einstein condensation corresponds to the field-induced quantum phase transition into the ordered state. We investigate magnetostriction in single crystals of this compound at dilution refrigerator temperatures in magnetic fields up to 18 T, and as a function of magnetic field angle. We show that significant changes in the lattice parameters are induced by magnetic fields, and argue that these result from antiferromagnetic couplings between the Ni spins along the tetragonal c axis. The magnetic phase diagram as a function of temperature, field, and field angle can be extracted from these data. We discuss the implications of these results to Bose-Einstein condensation in this system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Zapf, VS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vzapf@lanl.gov RI PaduanFilho, Armando/H-2443-2011; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09E106 DI 10.1063/1.2711612 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900218 ER PT J AU Wielopolski, L Ramirez, LM Gallagher, D Sarkar, SR Zhu, F Kaysen, GA Levin, NW Heymsfield, SB Wang, ZM AF Wielopolski, L. Ramirez, L. M. Gallagher, D. Sarkar, S. R. Zhu, F. Kaysen, G. A. Levin, N. W. Heymsfield, S. B. Wang, Z. M. TI Measuring partial body potassium in the arm versus total body potassium (vol 101, pg 945, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Renal Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2084 EP 2084 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.zdg-7259-corr.2007 PG 1 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 195KH UT WOS:000248410600050 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL Williams, RW Rosenbauer, RJ Aramburu, A Arsuaga, JL Garcia, N Cuenca-Bescos, G AF Bischoff, James L. Williams, Ross W. Rosenbauer, Robert J. Aramburu, Arantza Arsuaga, Juan Luis Garcia, Nuria Cuenca-Bescos, Gloria TI High-resolution U-series dates from the Sima de los Huesos hominids yields 600(-66)(+infinity) kyrs: implications for the 66 evolution of the early Neanderthal lineage SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atapuerca; Sima de los Huesos; Middle Pleistocene; Neandertal; uranium-series ID SIERRA-DE-ATAPUERCA; MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE HUMANS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIZE VARIATION; SPAIN; SITE; AGE; SAMPLE; DNA; REMAINS AB The Sima de los Huesos site of the Atapuerca complex near Burgos, Spain contains the skeletal remains of at least 28 individuals in a mud-breccia underlying an accumulation of the Middle Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus deningeri). We report here on new high-precision dates on the recently discovered speleothem SRA-3 overlaying human bones within the Sima de los Huesos. Earlier analyses of this speleothem by TIMS (thermal-ionization mass-spectrometry) showed the lower part to be indistinguishable from internal isotopic equilibrium at the precision of the TIMS instrumentation used, yielding minimum age of 350 kyr (kyr = 10(3) yr before present). Reanalysis of six samples of SRA-3 by inductively-coupled plasma-multicollector mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) produced high-precision analytical results allowing calculation of finite dates. The new dates cluster around 600 kyr. A conservative conclusion takes the lower error limit ages as the minimum age of the speleothem, or 530 kyr. This places the SH hominids at the very beginnings of the Neandertal evolutionary lineage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Basque Country, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Bizkaia, Spain. Univ Complutense, Fac Ciencias Geol, Depto Paleontol, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Invest, Madrid 28029, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, Area Paleontol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS470, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbischoff@usgs.gov RI Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/A-3616-2013; Aranburu, Arantza/L-9502-2014 OI Gloria, Cuenca-Bescos/0000-0001-5125-9651; NR 44 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2006.08.003 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 154LM UT WOS:000245508800009 ER PT J AU Challacombe, JF Altherr, MR Xie, G Bhotika, SS Brown, N Bruce, D Campbell, CS Campbell, ML Chen, J Chertkov, O Cleland, C Dimitrijevic, M Doggett, NA Fawcett, JJ Glavina, T Goodwin, LA Green, LD Han, CS Hill, KK Hitchcock, P Jackson, PJ Keim, P Kewalramani, AR Longmire, J Lucas, S Malfatti, S Martinez, D McMurry, K Meincke, LJ Misra, M Moseman, BL Mundt, M Munk, AC Okinaka, RT Parson-Quintana, B Reilly, LP Richardson, P Robinson, DL Saunders, E Tapia, R Tesmer, JG Thayer, N Thompson, LS Tice, H Ticknor, LO Wills, PL Gilna, P Brettin, TS AF Challacombe, Jean F. Altherr, Michael R. Xie, Gary Bhotika, Smriti S. Brown, Nancy Bruce, David Campbell, Connie S. Campbell, Mary L. Chen, Jin Chertkov, Olga Cleland, Cathy Dimitrijevic, Mira Doggett, Norman A. Fawcett, John J. Glavina, Tijana Goodwin, Lynne A. Green, Lance D. Han, Cliff S. Hill, Karen K. Hitchcock, Penny Jackson, Paul J. Keim, Paul Kewalramani, Avinash Ramesh Longmire, Jon Lucas, Susan Malfatti, Stephanie Martinez, Diego McMurry, Kim Meincke, Linda J. Misra, Monica Moseman, Bernice L. Mundt, Mark Munk, A. Christine Okinaka, Richard T. Parson-Quintana, B. Reilly, Lee Philip Richardson, Paul Robinson, Donna L. Saunders, Elizabeth Tapia, Roxanne Tesmer, Judith G. Thayer, Nina Thompson, Linda S. Tice, Hope Ticknor, Lawrence O. Wills, Patti L. Gilna, Paul Brettin, Thomas S. TI The complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTHRACIS; CEREUS AB Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen that is widely used as a biopesticide (E. Schnepf, N. Crickmore, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, J. Feitelson, D. R. Zeigler, and D. H. Dean, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62:775-806, 1998). Here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of B. thuringiensis Al Hakam, which was collected in Iraq by the United Nations Special Commission (L. Radnedge, P. Agron, K. Hill, P. Jackson, L. Ticknor, P. Keim, and G. Andersen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2755-2764, 2003). C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Prod Genome Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Deics Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, W Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Challacombe, JF (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jchalla@lanl.gov RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Ticknor, Lawrence/0000-0002-7967-7908; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X NR 2 TC 51 Z9 449 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 189 IS 9 BP 3680 EP 3681 DI 10.1128/JB.00241-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 161PS UT WOS:000246028400041 PM 17337577 ER PT J AU Flores, E Pernil, R Muro-Pastor, AM Mariscal, V Maldener, I Lechno-Yossef, S Fan, Q Wolk, CP Herrero, A AF Flores, Enrique Pernil, Rafael Muro-Pastor, Alicia M. Mariscal, Vicente Maldener, Iris Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Fan, Qing Wolk, C. Peter Herrero, Antonia TI Septum-localized protein required for filament integrity and diazotrophy in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NTCA; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; REGULATOR; ENVELOPE; IDENTIFICATION; MATURATION; HETR AB Heterocysts, formed when filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, are grown in the absence of combined nitrogen, are cells that are specialized in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N-2) under oxic conditions and that transfer fixed nitrogen to the vegetative cells of the filament. Anabaena sp. mutants whose sepJ gene (open reading frame alr2338 of the Anabaena sp. genome) was affected showed filament fragmentation and arrested heterocyst differentiation at an early stage. In a sepJ insertional mutant, a layer similar to a heterocyst polysaccharide layer was formed, but the heterocyst-specific glycolipids were not synthesized. The sepJ mutant did not exhibit nitrogenase activity even when assayed under anoxic conditions. In contrast to proheterocysts produced in the wild type, those produced in the sepJ mutant still divided. SepJ is a multidomain protein whose N-terminal region is predicted to be periplasmic and whose C-terminal domain resembles an export permease. Using a green fluorescent protein translationally fused to the carboxyl terminus of SepJ, we observed that in mature heterocysts and vegetative cells, the protein is localized at the intercellular septa, and when cell division starts, it is localized in a ring whose position is similar to that of a Z ring. SepJ is a novel composite protein needed for filament integrity, proper heterocyst development, and diazotrophic growth. C1 Univ Seville, Inst Bioquim Vegetal & Fotosintesis, CSIC, E-41092 Seville, Spain. Univ Regensburg, Lehrstuhlt Zellbiol & Pflanzenphysiol, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Flores, E (reprint author), Univ Seville, Inst Bioquim Vegetal & Fotosintesis, CSIC, Amer Vespucio 49, E-41092 Seville, Spain. EM eflores@ibvf.csic.es RI FAN, QING/G-6356-2012; Muro-Pastor, Alicia/A-4445-2015; Herrero, Antonia/B-7246-2015; Flores, Enrique/L-2007-2014; Mariscal, Vicente/L-8089-2014 OI Muro-Pastor, Alicia/0000-0003-2503-6336; Herrero, Antonia/0000-0003-1071-6590; Flores, Enrique/0000-0001-7605-7343; Mariscal, Vicente/0000-0002-3490-3713 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 189 IS 10 BP 3884 EP 3890 DI 10.1128/JB.00085-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 165SI UT WOS:000246325400023 PM 17369306 ER PT J AU McGlynn, SE Ruebush, SS Naumov, A Nagy, LE Dubini, A King, PW Broderick, JB Posewitz, MC Peters, JW AF McGlynn, Shawn E. Ruebush, Shane S. Naumov, Anatoli Nagy, Lauren E. Dubini, Alexandra King, Paul W. Broderick, Joan B. Posewitz, Matthew C. Peters, John W. TI In vitro activation of [FeFe] hydrogenase: new insights into hydrogenase maturation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogenase; H-cluster; radical S-adenosyl methionine enzymes; iron-sulfur cluster assemblies; metalloenzymes ID ONLY HYDROGENASES; IRON; CLUSTER; NITROGENASE; INSERTION; MECHANISM; MARITIMA AB The in vitro activation of the [FeFe] hydrogenase is accomplished by combining Escherichia coli cell extracts containing the heterologously expressed inactive HydA with extracts in which hydrogenase-specific maturation proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG are expressed in concert. Interestingly, the process of HydA activation occurs rapidly and in the absence of potential substrates, which suggests that the hydrogenase accessory proteins synthesize an H-cluster precursor that can be quickly transferred to the hydrogenase enzyme to affect activation. HydA activity is observed to be dependent on the protein fraction containing all three accessory proteins expressed in concert and cannot be accomplished with addition of heat-treated extract or extract filtrate, suggesting that the activation of the hydrogenase structural protein is mediated by interaction with the accessory assembly protein(s). These results represent the first important step in understanding the process of H-cluster assembly and provide significant insights into hydrogenase maturation. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Peters, JW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 101 Gaines Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM john.peters@chemistry.montana.edu RI King, Paul/D-9979-2011; dubini, alexandra /A-7252-2016; OI King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X; dubini, alexandra /0000-0001-8825-3915; Broderick, Joan/0000-0001-7057-9124; Peters, John/0000-0001-9117-9568 NR 16 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s00775-007-0224-z PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 163SM UT WOS:000246183500002 PM 17372774 ER PT J AU Determan, MD Cox, JP Mallapragada, SK AF Determan, Michael D. Cox, James P. Mallapragada, Surya K. TI Drug release from pH-responsive thermogelling pentablock copolymers SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE thermoresponsive; pH-dependent; copolymer; protein release; in situ gelation ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; GEL; TEMPERATURE; MICELLE; NANOPARTICLES; POLOXAMER-407; INTERLEUKIN-2; FORMULATION AB A novel pH-dependent injectable sustained delivery system was developed by utilizing a cationic pentablock copolymer that exhibits a thermoreversible sol-gel transition. Aqueous solutions of the pentablock copolymer, consisting of poly(2-diethylaminoethyl-methyl methacrylate)poly(ethylene oxide) -poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide)-poly(2-diethylaminoethyl-methyl methacrylate) (PDEAEM(25)-PEO100-PPO65-PEO100-PDEAEM(25)) exhibit temperature and pH dependent micellization due to the lower critical solution temperature of the PPO blocks and the polyelectrolyte character of the PDEAEM blocks, respectively. Aqueous solutions of the copolymers above 12 wt % are free flowing liquids at room temperature and form elastic physical hydrogels reversibly above 37 degrees C. Hydrophobic probe absorbance studies indicate that pentablock copolymer micelles increase the solubility of sparingly soluble drugs. Solutions of the pentablock copolymer that form gels at body temperature exhibit sustained zero-order release in in vitro experiments. The release rates of model drugs and proteins were significantly influenced by the pH of the release media, thereby making these polymers ideal candidates for modulated drug delivery. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mallapragada, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 144 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM suryakm@iastate.edu RI Mallapragada, Surya/F-9375-2012 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1549-3296 EI 1552-4965 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2007 VL 81A IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30991 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 156ZN UT WOS:000245688500008 PM 17120218 ER PT J AU Maitland, DJ Small, W Ortega, JM Buckley, PR Rodriguez, J Hartman, J Wilson, TS AF Maitland, Duncan J. Small, Ward Ortega, Jason M. Buckley, Patrick R. Rodriguez, Jennifer Hartman, Jonathan Wilson, Thomas S. TI Prototype laser-activated shape memory polymer foam device for embolic treatment of aneurysms SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE aneurysm; laser; shape memory polymer (SMP) foam ID INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; DETACHABLE COILS; ENDOVASCULAR OCCLUSION AB Conventional embolization of cerebral aneurysms using detachable coils is time-consuming and often requires retreatment. These drawbacks have prompted the development of new methods of aneurysm occlusion. We present the fabrication and laser deployment of a shape memory (SMP) polymer expanding foam device. Data acquired in an in vitro basilar aneurysm model with and without flow showed successful treatment, with the flow rate affecting foam expansion and the temperature at the aneurysm wall. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Maitland, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maitlandl@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB000462] NR 15 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 AR 030504 DI 10.1117/1.2743983 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 196TG UT WOS:000248504500003 PM 17614707 ER PT J AU Chandramouly, G Abad, PC Knowles, DW Lelievre, SA AF Chandramouly, Gurushankar Abad, Patricia C. Knowles, David W. Lelievre, Sophie A. TI The control of tissue architecture over nuclear organization is crucial for epithelial cell fate SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary epithelial differentiation; nuclear structure; proliferation; tumor reversion; NuMA; three dimensional cell culture ID MAMMARY EPITHELIUM; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; RETINOIC ACID; CANCER-CELLS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN AB The remodeling of nuclear organization during differentiation and the dramatic alteration of nuclear organization associated with cancer development are well documented. However, the importance of tissue architecture in the control of nuclear organization remains to be determined. Differentiation of mammary epithelial cells into functional tissue structures, in three-dimensional culture, is characterized by a specific tissue architecture (i.e. a basoapical polarity axis), cell cycle exit and maintenance of cell survival. Here we show that induction of partial differentiation (i.e. basal polarity only, cell cycle exit and cell survival) by epigenetic mechanisms in malignant breast cells is sufficient to restore features of differentiation-specific nuclear organization, including perinucleolar heterochromatin, large splicing factor speckles, and distinct nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) foci. Upon alteration of nuclear organization using an antibody against NuMA, differentiated non-neoplastic cells undergo apoptosis, whereas partially differentiated malignant cells enter the cell cycle. Non-neoplastic cells cultured under conditions that prevent the establishment of apical polarity also enter the cell cycle upon NuMA antibody treatment. These findings demonstrate that the differentiation status rather than the non-neoplastic or neoplastic origin of cells controls nuclear organization and suggest a link between nuclear organization and epigenetic mechanisms dictated by tissue architecture for the control of cell behavior. C1 Purdue Univ, Med Sci & Canc Ctr, Dept Basic Med Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lelievre, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Med Sci & Canc Ctr, Dept Basic Med Sci, 625 Harrison St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lelievre@purdue.edu NR 65 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1596 EP 1606 DI 10.1242/jcs.03439 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 170LL UT WOS:000246664800011 PM 17405811 ER PT J AU Hatchett, DW Kinyanjui, JM Sapochak, L AF Hatchett, David W. Kinyanjui, John M. Sapochak, Linda TI FTIR analysis of chemical gradients in thermally processed molded polyurethane foam SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS LA English DT Article DE polyurethane; uretoneimine; chemical gradient; thermal degradation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY; STABILITY AB Thermally processed PU foams are examined as a function of processing temperatures (25, 45, 65, and 85 degrees C) at the side, middle, and center of a simple cylindrical mold. The PU foams show both chemical and morphological differences as a function of the processing temperature and radial position within the mold. Thermal degradation of uretoneimine structures, the emergence of carbodiimide structures, and extent of reaction of isocyanate groups are measured using photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopy. Chemical gradients and morphology differences between the side, middle, and center of the molded foam are observed for all processing temperatures. The data indicate that thermal activation at the center of the mold is important for samples regardless of processing temperature. Furthermore, in spite of thermal processing at temperatures well above the decomposition of uretoneimine structures (40 degrees C), chemical gradients remain within the simple molded foams. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hatchett, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM david.hatchett@unlv.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-955X J9 J CELL PLAST JI J. Cell. Plast. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1177/0021955X07076665 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 174SR UT WOS:000246963600001 ER PT J AU Papaiconomou, N Salminen, J Lee, JM Prausnitz, JM AF Papaiconomou, Nicolas Salminen, Justin Lee, Jong-Min Prausnitz, John M. TI Physicochemical properties of hydrophobic ionic liquids containing 1-octylpyridinium, 1-octyl-2-methylpyridinium, or 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium cations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL-IONS; TEMPERATURE; CATALYSIS; VISCOSITY; 1-METHYL-3-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SALTS AB This paper reports the synthesis of some ionic liquids containing cations 1-octylpyridinium [OPYR](+), 1-octyl-2-methylpyridinium [2MOPYR](+), or 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium [4MOPYR](+) and anions dicyanamide [N(CN)(2)](-), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Tf2N](-), bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide [BETI](-), trifluoromethyl sulfonate [TfO](-), nonafluorobutyl sulfonate [NfO](-), tetrafluoroborate [BF4](-), trifluorophenylborate [BF3Ph](-), tetraphenylborate [BPh4](-), or hexafluoroarsenate [AsF6](-). Melting points, decomposition temperatures, densities, mutual solubilities with water, and viscosities have been measured. Unlike similar ionic liquids containing imidazolium cations, pyridinium ionic liquids studied here are nearly immiscible with water. Viscosities are similar, and water contents are slightly lower than those for ionic liquids containing imidazolium cations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1021/je060440r PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 166IJ UT WOS:000246372100030 ER PT J AU Schuchardt, KL Didier, BT Elsethagen, T Sun, LS Gurumoorthi, V Chase, J Li, J Windus, TL AF Schuchardt, Karen L. Didier, Brett T. Elsethagen, Todd Sun, Lisong Gurumoorthi, Vidhya Chase, Jared Li, Jun Windus, Theresa L. TI Basis set exchange: A community database for computational sciences SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID CALCULATING WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CRYSTALS; ATOMS AB Basis sets are some of the most important input data for computational models in the chemistry, materials, biology, and other science domains that utilize computational quantum mechanics methods. Providing a shared, Web-accessible environment where researchers can not only download basis sets in their required format but browse the data, contribute new basis sets, and ultimately curate and manage the data as a community will facilitate growth of this resource and encourage sharing both data and knowledge. We describe the Basis Set Exchange ( BSE), a Web portal that provides advanced browsing and download capabilities, facilities for contributing basis set data, and an environment that incorporates tools to foster development and interaction of communities. The BSE leverages and enables continued development of the basis set library originally assembled at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schuchardt, KL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Karen.Schuchardt@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 22 TC 1286 Z9 1289 U1 11 U2 102 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1045 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/ci600510j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 172AL UT WOS:000246776400039 PM 17428029 ER PT J AU Magyar, RJ Tretiak, S AF Magyar, R. J. Tretiak, S. TI Dependence of spurious charge-transfer excited states on orbital exchange in TDDFT: Large molecules and clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SPATIALLY SEPARATED SYSTEMS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION FORMALISM; KOHN-SHAM THEORY; OPTICAL-EXCITATIONS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; CORRELATION KERNEL; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a powerful tool allowing for accurate description of excited states in many nanoscale molecular systems; however, its application to large molecules may be plagued with difficulties that are not immediately obvious from previous experiences of applying TDDFT to small molecules. In TDDFT, the appearance of spurious charge-transfer states below the first optical excited state is shown to have significant effects on the predicted absorption and emission spectra of several donor-acceptor substituted molecules. The same problem affects the predictions of electronic spectra of molecular aggregates formed from weakly interacting chromophores. For selected benchmark cases, we show that today's popular density functionals, such as purely local (Local Density Approximation, LDA) and semilocal (Generalized Gradient Approximation, GGA) models, are qualitatively wrong. Nonlocal hybrid approximations including both semiempirical (B3LYP) and ab initio (PBE1PBE) containing a small fraction (20- 25%) of Fock-like orbital exchange are also susceptible to such problems. Functionals that contain a larger fraction (50%) of orbital exchange like the early hybrid (BHandHLYP) are shown to exhibit far fewer spurious charge-transfer (CT) states at the expense of accuracy. Based on the trends observed in this study and our previous experience we formulate several practical approaches to overcome these difficulties providing a reliable description of electronic excitations in nanosystems. C1 NCTCN, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), NCTCN, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 84 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 976 EP 987 DI 10.1021/ct600282k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165CX UT WOS:000246282600035 PM 26627417 ER PT J AU Lochan, RC Shao, YH Head-Gordon, M AF Lochan, Rohini C. Shao, Yihan Head-Gordon, Martin TI Quartic-scaling analytical energy gradient of scaled opposite-spin second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE METHOD; VAN-DER-WAALS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; FITTING APPROXIMATIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LOCAL TRIATOMICS; MOLECULES MODEL; MP2 ENERGY AB The analytical gradient of the '' scaled opposite spin '' (SOS-) and '' modified opposite spin '' (MOS-) second-order M circle divide ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) methods is derived and implemented. Both energy and the first derivative can be evaluated efficiently with a fourth-order scaling algorithm by using a combination of auxiliary basis expansions and Laplace transformation techniques as opposed to the traditional fifth-order approach of MP2. A statistical analysis of 178 small molecules suggests that the new gradient scheme provides geometries of MP2 quality, indicating the reliability of the method in general chemical applications. A more specific study of the group VI transition metal carbonyl complexes indicates that the new scheme improves the MP2 description relative to available experimental data and higher-order theories. The proposed gradient scheme thus endeavors to obtain improved structural features at reduced computational cost. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Q Chem Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 83 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 988 EP 1003 DI 10.1021/ct600292h PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165CX UT WOS:000246282600036 PM 26627418 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Johnson, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, Robert D. Johnson, Russell D., III Steele, William V. TI Thermodynamic properties of methylquinolines: Experimental results for 2,6-dimethylquinoline and mutual validation between experiments and computational methods for methylquinolines SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 2,6-dimethylquinoline; heat capacity; vapor pressure; density; critical properties; enthalpy of formation; ideal gas properties; computational chemistry ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURES; ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION; PETROLEUM; QUINOLINE; NITROGEN AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous 2,6-dimethylquinoline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [877-43-0]) are reported. Experimental methods included adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.), and combustion calorimetry. The critical temperature was measured with d.s.c. The critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Molar entropies, molar enthalpies, and molar Gibbs free energies of formation for the ideal gas state were derived at selected temperatures between 298.15 K and 700 K. Results are compared with experimental property values reported previously in the literature. Independent calculations of the ideal gas entropies were performed at the B3LYP/6-3 I +G(d,p) model chemistry for 2,6-dimethylquinoline and other methylquinolines (including hindered internal rotations) and are shown to be in excellent accord with the calorimetric results. Implications of these results are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; rjohnson@nist.gov; steelewv@ornl.gov NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 698 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2006.10.012 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 171TA UT WOS:000246757100004 ER PT J AU Walsh, KJE Fiorino, M Landsea, CW McInnes, KL AF Walsh, K. J. E. Fiorino, M. Landsea, C. W. McInnes, K. L. TI Objectively determined resolution-dependent threshold criteria for the detection of tropical cyclones in climate models and reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PRIMARY HURRICANE VORTEX; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; STORM FREQUENCY; GLOBAL-MODEL; PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION; GCM INTEGRATIONS; PART I; VORTICES; IMPACT AB Objectively derived resolution-dependent criteria are defined for the detection of tropical cyclones in model simulations and observationally based analyses. These criteria are derived from the wind profiles of observed tropical cyclones, averaged at various resolutions. Both an analytical wind profile model and two-dimensional observed wind analyses are used. The results show that the threshold wind speed of an observed tropical cyclone varies roughly linearly with resolution. The criteria derived here are compared to the numerous different criteria previously employed in climate model simulations. The resulting method provides a simple means of comparing climate model simulations and reanalyses. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. ACE, CRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Walsh, KJE (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM kevin.walsh@unimelb.edu.au RI McInnes, Kathleen/A-7787-2012; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X NR 39 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 10 BP 2307 EP 2314 DI 10.1175/JCLI4074.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WF UT WOS:000246902500023 ER PT J AU Hoefelmeyer, JD Liu, H Somorjai, GA Tilley, TD AF Hoefelmeyer, James D. Liu, Hongjian Somorjai, Gabor A. Tilley, T. Don TI Reverse micelle synthesis of rhodium nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rhodium; nanoparticles; reverse micelle; micelle; lauric acid; butyl amine; butylammonium laurate ID D-BAND METALS; SILICA-SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS; INVERSE MICELLES; SIZE CONTROL; IN-SITU; CLUSTERS; PARTICLES AB Water-in-oil reverse micelles of butyl ammonium laurate in hexanes that contain sodium hexachlororhodate were reduced with sodium borohydride to yield rhodium nanoparticles. The size of the micelle, determined by dynamic light scattering, was from 3 to 20 nm and varied as the water to surfactant ratio (W) was changed. The rhodium nanoparticles exhibited a Gaussian size distribution (sigma = 0.35 nm), with average diameters of 1.5, 2.2, and 2.9 nm. The products were characterized with TEM, HRTEM, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu; tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; OI Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 309 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.060 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 155ER UT WOS:000245561200013 PM 17229435 ER PT J AU Taha, MMR El-Kady, I Sheyka, MP Su, MF Khraishi, TA El-Osery, AI Verley, JC AF Taha, M. M. Reda El-Kady, I. Sheyka, M. P. Su, M. F. Khraishi, T. A. El-Osery, A. I. Verley, J. C. TI An integrated simulation environment realizing the ability of nano-photonic crystals to detect and quantify submicron and microdamage in materials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nano photonic crystals; bandgap; damage detection; sensors ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS; BAND-STRUCTURES; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; DAMAGE DETECTION; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; COEFFICIENTS; PROGRAM; SYSTEMS; LATTICE AB Nano-photonic crystals (NPCs) are synthetic crystals, manufactured at the nano scale, with a periodic microstructure resulting in a periodic variation in the refractive index. It is well established that the unique microstructure of NPCs provides them with the ability to control light propagation in three dimensions by creating a bandgap in the frequency domain. In this paper, we suggest using NPCs as sensors to detect microdamage in materials. We demonstrate, using an integrated simulation environment, that a sensor made of NPC adhered to a polymer substrate will experience a significant change in its bandgap profile when micro or submicron damage is induced in the substrate. We also introduce a metric, using principles of fuzzy pattern recognition, to detect and quantify this damage. A case study for damage quantification in the polymer material demonstrates, for the first time, the superior sensitivity of NPCs to detect and quantify damage in materials at scales not manageable using existing sensing technologies. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Photon Microsyst Technol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Engn Mech, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM USA. RP Taha, MMR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013; OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814; Verley, Jason/0000-0003-2184-677X NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 494 EP 503 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 175BT UT WOS:000246987900010 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Yu, MF Lu, JQ Huang, Y Johnson, HT Zhang, XG Ferreira, P AF Jiang, H. Yu, M.-F. Lu, J.-Q. Huang, Y. Johnson, H. T. Zhang, X.-G. Ferreira, P. TI Carbon nanotube electronic displacement encoder with sub-nanometer resolution SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube encoder; nanometrology; interlayer tunneling ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; LENGTH AB Electric conductance of a telescope double-walled carbon nanotube oscillates as a function of telescoping distance. The period of such oscillation is one half of the lattice constant of graphene, a/2 = 0.123 nm, instead of the lattice constant a as expected. The halving of the period results from the combination of the periodic interlayer lattice alignment and the occurrence of antiresonance. When combined with the periodicity in the energy space at a fixed displacement, the telescopic displacement can be reliably and accurately determined to the sub-nanometer resolution. This effect can be used to design an electronic displacement encoder. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Jiang, Hanqing/B-1810-2008; LU, JUN-QIANG/B-9511-2008; Yu, Min-Feng/C-2809-2012; ferreira, placid/D-5308-2012; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 OI Jiang, Hanqing/0000-0002-1947-4420; LU, JUN-QIANG/0000-0002-0758-9925; ferreira, placid/0000-0002-5517-6586; NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 574 EP 577 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 175BT UT WOS:000246987900018 ER PT J AU Fattebert, JL Hornung, RD Wissink, AM AF Fattebert, J.-L. Hornung, R. D. Wissink, A. M. TI Finite element approach for density functional theory calculations on locally-refined meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite element method; multigrid; Kohn-Sham equations; composite mesh ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; PRECONDITIONERS; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB We present a quadratic finite element approach to discretize the Kohn-Sham equations on structured non-uniform meshes. A multigrid FAC preconditioner is proposed to iteratively solve the equations by an accelerated steepest descent scheme. The method was implemented using SAMRAI, a parallel software infrastructure for general AMR applications. Examples of applications to small nanoclusters calculations are presented. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fattebert, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, 7000 E Ave,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fattebert1@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 759 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.013 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 167YS UT WOS:000246489200015 ER PT J AU Vomel, C Tomov, SZ Wang, LW Marques, OA Dongarra, JJ AF Vomel, Christof Tomov, Stanimire Z. Wang, Lin-Wang Marques, Osni A. Dongarra, Jack J. TI The use of bulk states to accelerate the band edge state calculation of a semiconductor quantum dot SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE computational nano-technology; electronic structure; preconditioned conjugate gradients; bulk band; quantum dots ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; ENERGY AB We present a new technique to accelerate the convergence of the folded spectrum method in empirical pseudopotential band edge state calculations for colloidal quantum dots. We use bulk band states of the materials constituent of the quantum dot to construct initial vectors and a preconditioner. We apply these to accelerate the convergence of the folded spectrum method for the interior states at the top of the valence and the bottom of the conduction band. For large CdSe quantum dots, the number of iteration steps until convergence decreases by about a factor of 4 compared to previous calculations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vomel, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM voemel@eecs.berkeley.edu; tomov@cs.utk.edu; Lwwang@lbl.gov; OAMarques@lbl.gov; dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 2 BP 774 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 167YS UT WOS:000246489200016 ER PT J AU Shimizu, K Hutcheson, R Engelmann, MD Cheng, IF AF Shimizu, Kenichi Hutcheson, Ryan Engelmann, Mark D. Cheng, I. Francis TI Cyclic voltammetric and aqueous equilibria model study of the pH dependant iron(II/III)ethylenediamminetetraacetate complex reduction potential SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fe-EDTA; half wave potential vs. pH; cyclic voltarnmetry; mass balance relationship ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID; OXYGEN ACTIVATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; EDTA; KINETICS; MECHANISM; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION AB A mathematical interpretation of the voltammetric half-wave potential vs. pH (E-1/2-pH) behavior of the Fe-II/III ethylenediamminetetraacetate (EDTA) redox system in the pH range of 2-8 is described. In the low pH range (<3.8), the formal potential of the Fe(II/III)EDTA redox reaction decreases at 130 mV per pH and is a function of the concentration of EDTA. The latter is a consideration neglected by previous investigators. A Nernst-type equation for this characteristic is provided in Eq. (15). The cyclic voltammograms in the region of 3.8 < pH < 6.8 demonstrated near Nernstian reversibility and the E-1/2 was constant at -110 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. This is an indication that the Fe-II and Fe(III)EDTA complexes are involved only with electrochemical oxidation-reduction and no other chemical processes. In the high pH region above 6.8, the half wave potential shifted to more negative at the slope of 44 mV per pH unit. This result is attributable to the hydrolysis of Fe(III)EDTA, the Nernst relationship is expressed in Eq. (22). Mass balance relationships are developed for each pH region which allows for the expression of Eqs. (15) and (21). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cheng, IF (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ifcheng@uidaho.edu OI Shimizu, Kenichi/0000-0001-8261-8098 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 603 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.01.027 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 162XW UT WOS:000246123800007 ER PT J AU Weber, T Kreidi, K Akoury, D Jahnke, T Schoffler, M Schmidt, LP Jagutzki, O Foucar, L Havermeier, T Neumann, N Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Osipov, T Belkacem, A Prior, M Landers, A Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL AF Weber, T. Kreidi, K. Akoury, D. Jahnke, T. Schoeffler, M. Schmidt, L. Ph. Jagutzki, O. Foucar, L. Havermeier, T. Neumann, N. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Doerner, R. Osipov, T. Belkacem, A. Prior, M. Landers, A. Ranitovic, P. Cocke, C. L. TI Coherence and double slit interference in double ionization of H-2 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XX EP XX PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300004 ER PT J AU Salmeron, M AF Salmeron, Miauel TI Surfaces in equilibrium with ultra-high vacuum to atmospheric pressure environments studied with novel Imaging and Spectroscopic techniques SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXII EP XXII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300010 ER PT J AU Hussain, Z AF Hussain, Zahid TI New opportunities with photoelectron spectroscopy at the ALS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXVII EP XXVII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300025 ER PT J AU Lanzara, A Graf, J Gweon, GH Sasagawa, T Eisaki, H Takagi, H Uchida, SI AF Lanzara, Alessandra Graf, J. Gweon, G. H. Sasagawa, T. Eisaki, H. Takagi, H. Uchida, S. I. TI Unusual Spectral weight transfer in high temperature superconductors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXVIII EP XXVIII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300030 ER PT J AU Ogasawara, H AF Ogasawara, Hirohito TI Chemical bonding of water to metal surfaces studied with core-level spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXIX EP XXIX PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300033 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA AF Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Photoernission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy applied to nanoparticle activation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Dept Chem, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXX EP XXX PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300036 ER PT J AU Fadley, CS AF Fadley, C. S. TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the hard X-ray regime SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXXVI EP XXXVI PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300051 ER PT J AU Denlinger, JD Wang, F Allen, JW Led, HO Fisk, Z Delley, B Monnier, R AF Denlinger, J. D. Wang, Feng Allen, J. W. Led, Han-Oh Fisk, Z. Delley, B. Monnier, R. TI Time-dependent surface electronic structure of EuB6 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ETH Honggerberg, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Delley, Bernard/E-1336-2014 OI Delley, Bernard/0000-0002-7020-2869 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP XXXVIII EP XXXVIII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300058 ER PT J AU Braune, M Korica, S Reinkoster, A Viefhaus, J Becker, U Rolles, D AF Braune, M. Korica, S. Reinkoester, A. Viefhaus, J. Becker, U. Rolles, D. TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare gases and C60 ionized by two-photon transitions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rolles, Daniel/C-2384-2008; Becker, Uwe/A-6604-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LII EP LII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300098 ER PT J AU Gorgoi, M Karis, O Svensson, S Ohrwall, G Andersson, G Marcellini, M Martensson, N Olovsson, W Holmstrom, E Abrikosov, IA Niklasson, AMN Johansson, B Braun, W Bressler, P Schafers, E Eberhardt, W AF Gorgoi, M. Karis, O. Svensson, S. Oehrwall, G. Andersson, G. Marcellini, M. Martensson, N. Olovsson, W. Holmstroem, E. Abrikosov, I. A. Niklasson, A. M. N. Johansson, B. Braun, W. Bressler, P. Schaefers, E. Eberhardt, W. TI A non-destructive deep interface characterization technique for multilayer films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Div Theoret, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RI Marcellini, Moreno/H-1011-2011; Holmstrom, Erik/A-5308-2009; Svensson, Svante/G-1150-2012 OI Holmstrom, Erik/0000-0002-1198-3861; Svensson, Svante/0000-0002-2978-1870 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LII EP LII PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300097 ER PT J AU Garcia, DR Zhou, SY Gweon, GH Jung, MH Kwon, YS Lanzara, A AF Garcia, D. R. Zhou, S. Y. Gweon, G.-H. Jung, M. H. Kwon, Y. S. Lanzara, A. TI Probing the band structure of LaTe2 using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL DE photoemission; tellurides; charge density wave; band structure ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; ANISOTROPIC TRANSPORT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB With the current interest in the rare-earth tellurides as 'high temperature' charge density wave materials, a greater understanding of the physics of these systems is needed, particularly in the case of the ditellurides. We report a detailed study of the band structure of LaTe2 in the charge density wave state using high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). From this work we hope to provide insights into the successes and weaknesses of past theoretical study as well as helping to clear up prior ambiguities by providing a firm experimental basis for future work in the tellurides. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Res Lab Mat Sci, KBSI, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Garcia, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM drgarcia@berkeley.edu RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.11.060 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300261 ER PT J AU Ceolin, D Piancastelli, MN Guillemin, R Stolte, WC Yu, SW Hemmers, O Lindle, DW AF Ceolin, D. Piancastelli, M. N. Guillemin, R. Stolte, W. C. Yu, S.-W. Hemmers, O. Lindle, D. W. TI Fragmentation of methyl chloride studied by partial positive and negative ion yield spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. UMR 7614, Lab Chim Phys Matiere & Rayonnement, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LXII EP LXIII PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300133 ER PT J AU Coutinho, LH Schlachter, AS Stolte, WC de Souza, GGB AF Coutinho, L. H. Schlachter, A. S. Stolte, W. C. de Souza, G. G. B. TI Positive and negative ion formation in the DMSO molecule following S 1s excitation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LXIX EP LXIX PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300151 ER PT J AU Sell, BC Yang, SH Mun, BS Mannella, N Watanabe, M Nambu, A Pardini, T Ritchey, SB Salmassi, F Shick, A Parkin, SSP Hussain, Z Fadley, CS AF Sell, B. C. Yang, S.-H. Mun, B. S. Mannella, N. Watanabe, M. Nambu, A. Pardini, T. Ritchey, S. B. Salmassi, F. Shick, A. Parkin, S. S. P. Hussain, Z. Fadley, C. S. TI Probing buried interfaces and layers with standing-wave excited photoelectron and X-ray emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RI Parkin, Sean/E-7044-2011; Parkin, Stuart/D-2521-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Shick, Alexander/C-1420-2013; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 OI Shick, Alexander/0000-0003-2700-5517; NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LXXX EP LXXXI PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300184 ER PT J AU Angelome, PC Soler-Illia, G Mun, BS Andrini, LR Requejo, FG AF Angelome, Paula C. Soler-Illia, Galo Mun, Bongjin S. Andrini, Leandro R. Requejo, Felix G. TI Understanding the thermal evolution of TiO mesoporous thin films using XANES at Ti L-edge and OK-edge SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 CNEA, CAC, Unidad Actividad Quim, San Martin, Argentina. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, FCE, Dipartimento Fis, INIFTA IFLP CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 156 BP LXXXIV EP LXXXIV PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 171HK UT WOS:000246726300194 ER PT J AU Wu, D Lograsso, TA Anderegg, JW AF Wu, D. Lograsso, T. A. Anderegg, J. W. TI Migration, formation, and growth of pure Cd whiskers in Cd-based compounds SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE metal whiskers; quasi-crystal; cadmium ID TIN WHISKERS; CRYSTALS; ZINC AB The migration, formation, and growth of Cd islands and long whiskers were studied in single crystals of Cd84Yb16, Cd51Y14, and Cd17Ca3 and polycrystals of Cd85Ni15 and high-purity Cd. It was found that Cd moves rapidly to the sample surface in quasi-crystal Cd84Yb16, forming islands in less than 2 h. The Cd whiskers that have submicron diameters and lengths of several hundred microns to millimeters can grow in several days under high vacuum. Evidence was presented to demonstrate that the whiskers grow from the base instead of the tip. While whiskers are easily observed in hex-CdYb, i-CdYb, and CdCa single crystals, no Cd whisker formation or migration of any kind was present on the surfaces of Cd85Ni15 and pure Cd samples, subjected to similar environmental conditions for even longer durations. This result suggests that oxidation of the reactive element is essential for the enhanced whisker growth kinetics observed. Because Cd islands and whiskers grow spontaneously in a matter of hours instead of months required for tin or zinc whiskers, CdYb alloys would be good candidates for detailed whisker formation and growth mechanisms studies. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat Engn & Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wu, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat Engn & Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wudm@ameslab.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0092-x PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 175LX UT WOS:000247016200004 ER PT J AU Almaas, E AF Almaas, Eivind TI Biological impacts and context of network theory SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE systems biology; complex networks; computational biology; protein interaction networks; metabolic networks; optimization ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION NETWORKS; CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MG1655; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COMPLEX NETWORKS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLUX ANALYSIS; YEAST; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB Many complex systems can be represented and analyzed as networks, and examples that have benefited from this approach span the natural sciences. For instance, we now know that systems as disparate as the World Wide Web, the Internet, scientific collaborations, food webs, protein interactions and metabolism all have common features in their organization, the most salient of which are their scale-free connectivity distributions and their small- world behavior. The recent availability of large-scale datasets that span the proteome or metabolome of an organism have made it possible to elucidate some of the organizational principles and rules that govern their function, robustness and evolution. We expect that combining the currently separate layers of information from gene regulatory networks, signal transduction networks, protein interaction networks and metabolic networks will dramatically enhance our understanding of cellular function and dynamics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Biol Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Almaas, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Biol Biosci & Biotechnol Div, 7000 E Ave,POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM almaas@llnl.gov OI Almaas, Eivind/0000-0002-9125-326X NR 68 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 14 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1558 DI 10.1242/jeb.003731 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 165JN UT WOS:000246301900013 PM 17449819 ER PT J AU Lu, TS Samulyak, R Glimm, J AF Lu, Tianshi Samulyak, Roman Glimm, James TI Direct numerical simulation of bubbly flows and application to cavitation mitigation SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE bubbly flow; front tracking; cavitation mitigation ID INTERFACE TRACKING; SHOCK-WAVES; GAS-BUBBLES; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; PROPAGATION; WATER; OSCILLATIONS; MIXTURES; VELOCITY AB The direct numerical simulation (DNS) method has been used to the study of the linear and shock wave propagation in bubbly fluids and the estimation of the efficiency of the cavitation mitigation in the container of the Spallation Neutron Source liquid mercury target. The DNS method,for bubbly flows is based on the front tracking technique developed for free surface flows. Our front tracking hydrodynamic simulation code FronTier is capable of tracking and resolving topological changes of a large number of interfaces in two- and three-dimensional spaces. Both the bubbles and the fluid are compressible. In the application to the, cavitation mitigation by bubble injection in the SNS, the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles was calculated by solving the Keller equation with the liquid pressure obtained from the DNS of the bubbly flows. Simulations of the propagation of linear and shock waves in bubbly fluids have been performed, and a good agreement with theoretical predictions and experiments has been achieved. The validated DNS method for bubbly flows has been applied to the cavitation mitigation estimation in the SNS. The pressure wave propagation in the pure and the bubbly mercury has been simulated, and the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles has been calculated. The efficiency of the cavitation mitigation by bubble injection has been estimated. The DNS method for bubbly flows has been validated through comparison of simulations with theory and experiments. The use of layers of nondissolvable gas bubbles as a pressure mitigation technique to reduce the cavitation erosion has been confirmed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lu, TS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tlu@bnl.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1115/1.2720477 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198HJ UT WOS:000248617300009 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ Nolan, KP McEligot, DM Volino, RJ Bejan, A AF Walsh, Edmond J. Nolan, Kevin P. McEligot, Donald M. Volino, Ralph J. Bejan, Adrian TI Conditionally-sampled turbulent and nonturbulent measurements of entropy generation rate in the transition region of boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boundary layer; transition; turbulence; entropy generation ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; LAMINAR; FLOW; INTERMITTENCY; EQUATION AB Conditionally-sampled boundary layer data for an accelerating transitional boundary layer have been analyzed to calculate the entropy generation rate in the transition region. By weighing the nondimensional dissipation coefficient for the laminar-conditioned-data and turbulent-conditioned-data with the intermittency factor gamma the average entropy generation rate in the transition region can be determined and hence be compared to the time averaged data and correlations for steady laminar and turbulent flows. It is demonstrated that this method provides, for the first time, an accurate and detailed picture of the entropy generation rate during transition. The data used in this paper have been taken from detailed boundary layer measurements available in the literature. This paper provides, using an intermittency weighted approach, a methodology for predicting entropy generation in a transitional boundary layer. C1 Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Stokes Res Inst, Limerick, Ireland. INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Stokes Res Inst, Limerick, Ireland. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011; Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012; Bejan, Adrian/D-3909-2012 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1115/1.2717622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198HJ UT WOS:000248617300016 ER PT J AU Jang, SP Choi, SUS AF Jang, Seok Pil Choi, Stephen U. S. TI Effects of various parameters on nanofluid thermal conductivity SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE nanofluids; thermal conductivity; Brownian motion; Brownian-motion-induced nanoconvection ID NANOTUBE SUSPENSIONS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; ENHANCEMENT; NANOPARTICLES; MODEL; FLOW AB The addition of a small amount of nanoparticles in heat transfer fluids results in the new thermal phenomena of nanofluids (nanoparticle-fluid suspensions) reported in many investigations. However traditional conductivity theories such as the Maxwell or other macroscale approaches cannot explain the thermal behavior of nanofluids. Recently, Jang and Choi proposed and modeled for the first time the Brownian-motion-induced nanoconvection as a key nanoscale mechanism governing the thermal behavior of nanofluids, but did not clearly explain this and other new concepts used in the model. This paper explains in detail the new concepts and simplifying assumptions and reports the effects of various parameters such as the ratio of the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles to that of a base fluid, volume fraction, nanoparticle size, and temperature on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Comparison of model predictions with published experimental data shows good agreement for nanofluids containing oxide, metallic, and carbon nanotubes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hankuk Aviat Univ, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Goyang 412791, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Korea Inst Energy Res, High Efficiency Energy Res, Taejon 305343, South Korea. EM suschoi@kier.re.kr NR 39 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1115/1.2712475 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 178PN UT WOS:000247232700002 ER PT J AU Aharony, O Komargodski, Z Patir, A AF Aharony, Ofer Komargodski, Zohar Patir, Assaf TI The moduli space and M(atrix) theory of 9D N=1 backgrounds of M/string theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; M-theory; string duality; M(atrix) theories ID MATRIX STRING THEORY; F-THEORY; DUALITY; ORIENTIFOLDS; SUPERSYMMETRY; DIMENSIONS; MODEL AB We discuss the moduli space of nine dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric compactifications of M theory / string theory with reduced rank (rank 10 or rank 2), exhibiting how all the different theories (including M theory compactified on a Klein bottle and on a Mobius strip, the Dabholkar-Park Background, CHL strings and asymmetric orbifolds of type II strings on a circle) fit together, and what are the weakly coupled descriptions in different regions of the moduli space. We argue that there are two disconnected components in the moduli space of theories wit hrank 2. We analyze in detail the limits of the M theory compactifications on a Klein bottle and on a Mobius strip which naively give type IIA string theory with an uncharged orientfold 8-plane carrying discrete RR flux. In order to consistently describe these limits we conjecture that this orientfold non-perturbatively splits into a D8-brane and an orientfold plane of charge (-1) which sits at infinite coupling. We construct the M(atrix) theory for M theory on a Klein bottle (and the theories related to it), which is given by a 2 + 1 dimensional gauge theory with a varying gauge coupling compactified on a cylinder with specific boundary conditions. We also clarify the construction of the M(atrix) theory for backgrounds of rank 18, including the heterotic string on a circle. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Stanford Univ, SITP, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Aharony, O (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ofer.aharony@weizmann.ac.il; zohar.komargodsky@weizmann.ac.il; assaf.patir@weizmann.ac.il NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 IS 5 AR 073 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 175RJ UT WOS:000247030800073 ER PT J AU Florea, B Kachru, S McGreevy, J Saulina, N AF Florea, Bogdan Kachru, Shamit McGreevy, John Saulina, Natalia TI Stringy instantons and quiver gauge theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flux compactifications; superstring vacua; D-branes ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; F-THEORY; MODULI STABILIZATION; VACUA; SUPERPOTENTIALS; MECHANISM; BRANES; MODELS AB We explore contributions to the 4D effective superpotential which arise form Euclidean D3 branes ("instantons") that intersect space-filling D-branes. These effects can perturb the effective field theory on the space-filling branes by nontrivial operators composed of charge matter fields, changing the vacuum structure in a qualitative was in some examples. Our considerations are exemplified throughout by a careful study of a fractional brane configuration on a del Pezzo surface. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Florea, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bflorea@slac.stanford.edu; skachru@stanford.edu; mcgreevy@mit.edu; saulina@theory.caltech.edu NR 41 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 IS 5 AR 024 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/05/024 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 175RJ UT WOS:000247030800024 ER PT J AU Freivogel, B Horowitz, GT Shenker, S AF Freivogel, Ben Horowitz, Gary T. Shenker, Stephen TI Colliding with a crunching bubble SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spacetime singularities; black holes; classical theories of gravity ID BLACK-HOLES; GENERAL RELATIVITY; VACUUM BUBBLES; EARLY UNIVERSE; WAVES AB In the context of eternal inflation we discuss the fate of Lambda = 0 bubbles when they collide with Lambda < 0 crunching bubbles. When they collide with Lambda < 0 crunching bubbles. When the Lambda = 0 bubble is supersymmetric, it is not completely destroyed by collisions. If the domain wass seperating the bubbles has higher tension than the BPS bound, it is expelled from the Lambda = 0 bubble and does not alter its long time behaviour. If the domain wall saturates the BPS bound, then it stays inside the Lambda = 0 bubble and removes a finite fraction of future infinity. In this case, the crunch singularity is hidden behind the horizon of a stable hyperbolic black hole. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Freivogel, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM freivogel@berkeley.edu; gary@physics.ucsb.edu; sshenker@stanford.edu NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 IS 5 AR 090 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/05/090 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 175RJ UT WOS:000247030800090 ER PT J AU Pierce, A Thaler, J Wang, LT AF Pierce, Aaron Thaler, Jesse Wang, Lian-Tao TI Disentangling dimension six operators through di-Higgs boson production SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs physics; beyond standard model ID PAIR PRODUCTION; GLUON FUSION; COLLISIONS; PARTICLES; SEARCH; QUARK AB New physics near the TeV scale can generate dimensions-six operators that modify the production rate and branching ratios of the Higgs boson. Here, we show how Higgs boson pair production can yield complementary information on dimension-six operators involving the gluon field strength. For example, the invariant mass distribution of the Higgs boson pair can show the extent to which the masses of exotic TeV-scale quarks come from electroweak symmetry breaking. We discuss both the current Tevatron bounds on these operators and the most promising LHC measurment channels for two different Higgs masses: 120GeV and 180GeV. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Jefferson Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pierce, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Jefferson Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atpierce@umich.edu; jthaler@jthaler.net; lianwang@princeton.edu OI Thaler, Jesse/0000-0002-2406-8160 NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 IS 5 AR 070 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/05/070 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 175RJ UT WOS:000247030800070 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, Thomas G. TI The determination of the helicity of W ' Boson couplings at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE large extra dimensions; GUT ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; FUTURE HADRON COLLIDERS; DIMENSION; MIXINGS; MASSES; FIELDS; BOUNDS; TESTS AB Apart from its mass and width, the most important property of a new charged gauge boson, W', is the helicity of its couplings to the SM fermions. Such particles are expected to exist in many extensions of the Standard Model. In this paper we explore the capability of the LHC to determine the W' coupling helicity at low integrated luminosities in the l + E-T(miss) discovery channel. We find that measurements of the transverse mass distribution, reconstructed from this final state in the W-W' interference region, provides the best determination of this quantity. To make such measurements requires integrated luminosities of similar to 10 (60) fb(-1) assuming M-W' = 1.5(2.5) TeV and provided that the W' couplings have Standard Model magnitude. This helicity determination can be further strengthened by the use of various discovery channel leptonic asymmetries, also measured in the same interference regime, but with higher integrated luminosities. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 IS 5 AR 037 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 175RJ UT WOS:000247030800037 ER PT J AU Hines, EP Rayner, JL Barbee, R Moreland, RA Valcour, A Schmid, JE Fenton, SE AF Hines, Erin P. Rayner, Jennifer L. Barbee, Randy Moreland, Rae Ann Valcour, Andre Schmid, Judith E. Fenton, Suzanne E. TI Assays for endogenous components of human milk: Comparison of fresh and frozen samples and corresponding analytes in serum SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE human milk; cytokines; immunoglobulins; surrogate; biomonitoring ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; LONG-TERM INFLUENCE; BREAST-MILK; FACTOR-ALPHA; FERTILITY REGULATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; NURSING WOMEN; GROWTH-FACTOR AB Breast milk is a primary source of nutrition that contains many endogenous compounds that may affect infant development. The goals of this study were to develop reliable assays for selected endogenous breast milk components and to compare levels of those in milk and serum collected from the same mother twice during lactation (2-7 weeks and 3-4 months). Reliable assays were developed for glucose, secretory I-A, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, triglycerides, prolactin, and estradiol from participants in a US EPA study called Methods Advancement in Milk Analysis (MAMA). Fresh and frozen (-20 degrees C) milk samples were assayed to determine effects of storage on endogenous analytes. The source effect (serum vs milk) seen in all 7 analytes indicates that serum should not be used as a surrogate for milk in children's health studies. The authors propose to use these assays in studies to examine relationships between the levels of milk components and children's health. C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Ctr Esoter Testing, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Esoter Immunoassay Dept, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Special Coagulat Dept, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer Inc, Allergy Dept, Burlington, NC USA. RP Hines, EP (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Hines, Erin Pias/0000-0002-2458-6267 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1177/0890334407300334 PG 13 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 163JQ UT WOS:000246156300003 PM 17478867 ER PT J AU Beauchemin, C Dixit, NM Perelson, AS AF Beauchemin, Catherine Dixit, Narendra M. Perelson, Alan S. TI Characterizing T cell movement within lymph nodes in the absence of antigen SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DENDRITIC CELLS; AUTOMATON MODEL; IMMUNE; DYNAMICS; MIGRATION; SIMULATION; MOTILITY AB The recent application of two-photon microscopy to the visualization of T cell movement has presented trajectories of individual T cells within lymphoid organs both in the presence and in the absence of Ag-loaded dendritic cells. Remarkably, even though T cells largely move along conduits of the fibroblastic reticular cell network, they appear to execute random walks in lymphoid organs rather than chemotaxis. In this study, we analyze experimental trajectories of T cells using computer simulations of idealized random walks. Comparisons of simulations with experimental data provide estimates of key parameters that characterize T cell motion in vivo. For example, we find that the distance moved before turning is about twice the distance between intersections in the fibroblastic reticular cell network, suggesting that at an intersection a T cell will turn onto a new fiber similar to 50% of the time. Although the calibrated model appears to offer an accurate representation of T cell movement, it has also uncovered inconsistencies across different experimental data sets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Beauchemin, Catherine/G-4619-2011 OI Beauchemin, Catherine/0000-0003-0599-0069 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR 06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI 28433, P01 AI 071195] NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 9 BP 5505 EP 5512 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 161YZ UT WOS:000246054400014 PM 17442932 ER PT J AU Henss, T Andreani, A Boek, J Boyd, G Citterio, M Einsweiler, K Kersten, S Kind, P Lantzsch, K Latorre, S Mattig, P Meroni, C Sabatini, F Schultes, J AF Henss, T. Andreani, A. Boek, J. Boyd, G. Citterio, M. Einsweiler, K. Kersten, S. Kind, P. Lantzsch, K. Latorre, S. Maettig, P. Meroni, C. Sabatini, F. Schultes, J. TI The hardware of the ATLAS pixel detector control system SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases); voltage distributions AB The innermost part of the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) experiment, which is currently under construction at the LHC ( Large Hadron Collider), will be a silicon pixel detector comprised of 1744 individual detector modules. To operate these modules, the readout electronics, and other detector components, a complex power supply and control system is necessary. The specific powering and control requirements, as well as the custom made components of our power supply and control systems, are described. These include remotely programmable regulator stations, the power supply system for the optical transceivers, several monitoring units, and the Interlock System. In total, this comprises the Pixel Detector Control System (DCS). C1 [Henss, T.; Boek, J.; Kersten, S.; Kind, P.; Lantzsch, K.; Maettig, P.; Schultes, J.] Univ Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Andreani, A.; Citterio, M.; Latorre, S.; Meroni, C.; Sabatini, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Boyd, G.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Einsweiler, K.] LBNL Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Henss, T (reprint author), Univ Wuppertal, Gaussstr 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. EM henss@physik.uni-wuppertal.de NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 2 AR P05006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/2/05/P05006 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 269LW UT WOS:000253651500001 ER PT J AU Reznik, D Pintschovius, L Fujita, M Yamada, K Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Reznik, D. Pintschovius, L. Fujita, M. Yamada, K. Gu, G. D. Tranquada, J. M. TI Electron-phonon anomaly related to charge stripes: Static stripe phase versus optimally doped superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISPERSION; MODEL AB Inelastic neutron scattering was used to study the Cu-O bond-stretching vibrations in optimally doped La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (T-c = 35 K) and in two other cuprates showing static stripe order at low temperatures, i.e., La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. All three compounds exhibit a very similar phonon anomaly, which is not predicted by conventional band theory. It is argued that the phonon anomaly reflects a coupling to charge inhomogeneities in the form of stripes, which remain dynamic in superconducting La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 down to the lowest temperatures. These results show that the phonon effect indicating stripe formation is not restricted to a narrow region of the phase diagram around the so-called 1/8 anomaly but occurs in optimally doped samples as well. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. CE Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reznik, D (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM dmitri.reznik@cea.fr RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9318-9 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 149FR UT WOS:000245133000018 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Lee, JK Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE Nastasi, M Cooke, DW AF Jacobsohn, L. G. Lee, J. -K. Bennett, B. L. Muenchausen, R. E. Nastasi, M. Cooke, D. W. TI Effects of ion beam irradiation on self-trapped defects in single-crystal Lu2SiO5 SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE lutetium oxyorthosilicate; ion irradiation; self-trapped exciton; self-trapped hole; radioluminescence ID ELECTRONIC EXCITATION; POROUS SILICON; IMPLANTATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SCINTILLATION; LUMINESCENCE; GLASSES AB Ion irradiation effects on emission bands related to self-trapped defects in Czochralski-grown Lu2SiO5 (LSO) crystals has been investigated. Irradiation was carried out using 53keV He+ and 40keV H+ beams with doses of 1 and 2 X 10(16) atoms/cm(2), respectively, at room temperature. Post-irradiation radioluminescence measurements were carried out in the 5-300 K temperature range using Mo-target X-ray excitation. Two emission bands were observed at 256 and 315 nm and assigned to self-trapped excitons (STE) and self-trapped holes (STH), respectively. The intensity of the bands was determined by the ballistic damage induced by irradiation, and no effects due to the chemical nature of implanted species were observed. Thermal-quenching activation energies of these defects as a function of irradiation conditions were extracted by applying the Mott-Seitz two-level model. Each band presents strikingly different behavior following irradiation; activation energy of the STH increases two-fold whereas the STE decreases three-fold. The results indicate a major role of surface effects on the radioluminescence of LSO. For comparative purposes, irradiated Lu2O3 was also investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8 E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.01.357 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 127YR UT WOS:000243622800002 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Bennett, BL Lee, JK Muenchausen, RE Smith, JF Uberuaga, BP Cooke, DW AF Jacobsohn, L. G. Bennett, B. L. Lee, J. -K. Muenchausen, R. E. Smith, J. F. Uberuaga, B. P. Cooke, D. W. TI The central role of oxygen on H+-irradiated Lu2SiO5 luminescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE ion irradiation; Lu2SiO5; oxygen; radio luminescence; self-trapped exciton; self-trapped holeion irradiation; Lu2SiO5; oxygen; radioluminescence; self-trapped exciton; self-trapped hole ID CRYSTALS; SCINTILLATION; EXCITONS; SURFACE; EMISSION; CENTERS; SIO2 AB The behavior of self-trapped defects (STDs) in ion-beam irradiated Lu2SiO5 (LSO) crystal has been investigated via temperature-dependent radioluminescence (RL) measurements. Production of oxygen vacancies is the major effect of H+ irradiation oil luminescencent properties of this phosphor. Luminescence centers for self-trapped exciton (STE) and self-trapped hole emission are assigned to oxygen vacancies and oxygen ions, respectively. Ion-induced structural damage modifies the thermal stability of the STDs and creates perturbed STEs. A striking effect of ion irradiation is the approximate factor-of-two enhancement of STE RL intensity that results from implantation of only a thin (similar to 250 nm) surface layer of LSO. This enhancement is attributed to ion-beam modification of a surface dead layer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8 E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.06.005 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 127YR UT WOS:000243622800029 ER PT J AU Law, SA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Law, S. A. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Effects of mixed rare earth occupancy on the low temperature properties of (R, R ', R ''...)Ni2Ge2 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic order; de Gennes scaling; metamagnetism ID RESONANT MAGNETIC SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; GDNI2GE2; RNI2GE2; FIELD AB Temperature and applied magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements on 34 single crystalline samples of (R, R', R ''...)Ni2Ge2 compounds (R, R', R '', etc. being primarily Gd-Lu, Y), were made. These measurements reveal that, despite extremes in local moment anisotropy, the average de Gennes parameter is a remarkably good predictor of the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering temperature. In addition, the pronounced metamagnetic phase transitions seen in the low temperature phase of TbNi2Ge2 are found to be remarkably robust to high substitution levels of Gd and 25% substitutions of other heavy rare earths. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Law, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM slaw2@uiuc.edu RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 312 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.09.028 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158LU UT WOS:000245793800023 ER PT J AU Saraf, LV Engelhard, MH Wang, CM Lea, AS McCready, DE Shutthanandan, V Baer, DR Chambers, SA AF Saraf, L. V. Engelhard, M. H. Wang, C. M. Lea, A. S. McCready, D. E. Shutthanandan, V. Baer, D. R. Chambers, S. A. TI Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using the bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc precursor SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DOPED ZNO; MOCVD; GROWTH AB Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc [Zn(TMHD)(2)] is a relatively uninvestigated precursor that was used in this work to grow highly c-axis-oriented ZnO films on Si(100). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies before and after Ar ion sputtering indicated that surface carbon on several samples was reduced from as much as 34 at.% to much less than 1 at.% within the first 5 nm, indicating very clean Zn(TMHD)2 precursor decomposition. Microstructural and compositional analysis revealed columnar ZnO grains with domain widths of approximately half the total film thickness and a Zn-to-O atomic percent ratio indicative of stoichometric ZnO. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, LV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Lax.Saraf@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1230 EP 1234 DI 10.1557/7JMR.2007.0146 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 164TV UT WOS:000246258300016 ER PT J AU Fan, GJ Jiang, WH Liu, FX Choo, H Liaw, PK Yang, B Fu, LF Browning, ND AF Fan, G. J. Jiang, W. H. Liu, F. X. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. Yang, B. Fu, L. F. Browning, N. D. TI The effects of tensile plastic deformation on the hardness and Young's modulus of a bulk nanocrystalline alloy studied by nanoindentation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; INDUCED GRAIN-GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; METALS; INDENTATION; NI; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB A bulk nanocrystalline (nc) Ni-Fe alloy was subjected to tensile deformation, which leads to grain growth. The nanoindentation study indicates that the hardness, H, and Young's modulus, E, of the nc alloy before and after tensile deformation did not show a clear indentation-rate effect. However, the tensile deformation results in a decrease in the E values of about 15%, which might be attributed to the grain rotation, leading to texture development during the stress-induced grain growth. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Beijing Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fan, GJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 32 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0147 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 164TV UT WOS:000246258300017 ER PT J AU Ki, W Huang, XY Li, J Young, DL Zhang, Y AF Ki, Wooseok Huang, Xiaoying Li, Jing Young, David L. Zhang, Yong TI Highly conductive group VI transition metal dichalcogenide films by solution-processed deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WS2 THIN-FILMS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOS2; DECOMPOSITION AB A new soluble synthetic route was developed to fabricate thin films of layered structure transition metal dichalcogendies, MoS2 and WS2. High-quality thin films of the dichalcogenides were prepared using new soluble precursors, (CH3NH3)(2)MS4 (M = Mo, W). The precursors were dissolved in organic solvents and spun onto substrates via both single- and multistep spin coating procedures. The thin films were formed by the thermal decomposition of the coatings under inert atmosphere. Structural, electrical, optical absorption, thermal, and transport properties of the thin films were characterized. Surface morphology of the films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Highly conductive and textured n-type MoS2 films were obtained. The measured room temperature conductivity similar to 50 Omega(-1) cm(-1) is substantially higher than the previously reported values. The n-type WS2 films were prepared for the first time using solution-processed deposition. WS2 displays a conductivity of similar to 6.7 Omega(-1) cm(-1) at room temperature. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jingli@rci.rutgers.edu RI Huang, Xiao-Ying/E-9705-2011 OI Huang, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-3514-216X NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 34 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1390 EP 1395 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0179 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 164TV UT WOS:000246258300040 ER PT J AU Seipel, B Erni, R Gupta, A Li, C Owens, FJ Rao, KV Browning, ND Moeck, P AF Seipel, B. Erni, R. Gupta, Amita Li, C. Owens, F. J. Rao, K. V. Browning, N. D. Moeck, P. TI Structural and ferromagnetic properties of Cu-doped GaN SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ZNO THIN-FILMS; SPINTRONICS; OXIDE; BULK; GAMNN; ALN AB The wurtzite polymorph of GaN was calcined with CuO in flowing nitrogen. As a result of this processing, both superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance studies showed ferromagnetism in these samples at room temperature. These magnetic results are qualitatively consistent with very recent first-principle calculations [Wu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 062505 (2006)] that predict ferromagnetism in Cu-doped GaN. We focus in this paper on analyzing changes in the GaN atomic and electronic structure due to calcination with CuO using multiple analytical methods. Quantitative powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed changes in the lattice constants of the GaN due to the incorporation of copper (and possibly oxygen). Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy proved the incorporation of copper into the GaN crystal structure. Electron-gun monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy showed CuO calcinations-induced GaN band gap changes and indicated changes in the atomic arrangements due to the calcination process. The fine structure of the N K-edge showed differences in the peak ratios with respect to higher nominal CuO contents, corresponding to an increase in the c-lattice constant as confirmed by XRD. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Tmfy MSE, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07896 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Seipel, B (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM bseipel@pdx.edu RI Rao, K.V./F-4577-2011; Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1396 EP 1405 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0168 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 164TV UT WOS:000246258300041 ER PT J AU Goretta, KC Gutierrez-Mora, F Singh, D Routbort, JL Lukey, GC van Deventer, JSJ AF Goretta, K. C. Gutierrez-Mora, F. Singh, D. Routbort, J. L. Lukey, G. C. van Deventer, J. S. J. TI Erosion of geopolymers made from industrial waste SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PARTICLE EROSION; PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; BLAST-FURNACE SLAG; FLY-ASH; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CRACK SYSTEM; CERAMICS; METALS AB Solid-particle erosion studies were conducted on geopolymers derived from various combinations of granulated blast-furnace slag, flyash, sand, clay, and rock. The erodent particles were 390-mu m angular Al(2)O(3), which impacted at 30, 60, or 90 degrees at a velocity of 50, 70, or 100 m/s. Steady-state erosion rates were obtained as weight of target lost per weight of impacting particles. Material-loss mechanisms were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All of the geopolymers responded to normal impact as conventional brittle solids, but impact at 30 degrees led to anomalously rapid erosion, probably because of presence of microcracks and consequent enhanced removal of aggregates within the geopolymers. Erosion rates at 90 degrees impact were proportional to erodent velocity to the 2.3-2.7 power. The geopolymers exhibited crushing strengths of approximately 32-57 MPa. Erosion rate correlated with density and strength for geopolymers of similar composition. All of the geopolymers that contained flyash were more resistant to erosion than was the geopolymer without flyash. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM routbort@anl.gov RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 9 BP 3066 EP 3072 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0561-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 166OF UT WOS:000246387700017 ER PT J AU Lessing, PA AF Lessing, Paul A. TI A review of sealing technologies applicable to solid oxide electrolysis cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Size-dependent Effects in Materials for Environmental Protection and Energy Application CY MAY 25-27, 2006 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Ctr Competence Multifunctional Mat & New Proc with Environm Impact ID FUEL-CELLS; COMPRESSIVE SEALS; SEALANTS; GLASSES; DESIGN AB This article reviews designs and materials investigated for various seals in high temperature solid oxide fuel cell "stacks" and how they might be implemented in solid oxide electrolysis cells that decompose steam into hydrogen and oxygen. Materials include metals, glasses, glass-ceramics, cements, and composites. Sealing designs include rigid seals, compressive seals, and compliant seals. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lessing, PA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Lessing@inl.gov NR 48 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3465 EP 3476 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0409-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169UX UT WOS:000246618700025 ER PT J AU Lessing, PA AF Lessing, Paul A. TI Materials for hydrogen generation via water electrolysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Size-Dependent Effects in Materials for Environmental Protection and Energy Application CY MAY 25-27, 2006 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Ctr Competence Multifunctional Mat & New Proc with Environm Impact ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; NASICON SOLID ELECTROLYTES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS; DOPED LANTHANUM GALLATE; PROTON-CONDUCTING CERAMICS; OXYGEN-ION CONDUCTIVITY; PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; ANODE MATERIALS; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CATHODE MATERIALS AB A review is presented of materials that could be utilized as electrolytes (and their associated electrodes and interconnect materials) in solid-state electrolysis cells to convert water (or steam) into hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolytes that function as oxygen ion conductors or proton conductors are considered for various operating temperatures from approximately 80 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. The fundamental electrochemical reactions are reviewed with some discussion of special sources of steam and DC electricity (advanced nuclear) to drive the reactions at the higher temperatures. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lessing, PA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Lessing@inl.gov NR 127 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3477 EP 3487 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0398-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169UX UT WOS:000246618700026 ER PT J AU Singh, R Dahotre, NB AF Singh, Raghuvir Dahotre, Narendra B. TI Corrosion degradation and prevention by surface modification of biometallic materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; TITANIUM-OXIDE FILMS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; IN-VITRO CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IMMERSION ION-IMPLANTATION; TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT; COBALT-CHROMIUM ALLOY; SIMULATED BODY-FLUID AB Metals, in addition to ceramics and polymers, are important class of materials considered for replacement of non-functional parts in the body. Stainless steel 316, titanium and titanium alloys, Co-Cr, and nitinol shape memory alloys are the most frequently used metallic materials. These alloys are prone to corrosion in various extents. This review briefly discusses the important biomaterials, their properties, and the physiological environment to which these materials are exposed. Corrosion performance of currently used metallic materials has been assessed and threat to the biocompatibility from corrosion products/metal ions is discussed. The possible preventive measures to improve corrosion resistance by surface modification and to increase the bioactivity of the metallic surfaces have also been discussed. Importance of the formation of oxide layers on the metal surface, another aspect of corrosion process, has been correlated with the host response. The gap areas and future direction of research are also outlined in the paper. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 326 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu RI Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015 NR 313 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 9 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 EI 1573-4838 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 725 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10856-006-0016-y PG 27 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 169AD UT WOS:000246564200008 PM 17143737 ER PT J AU Dooling, DC Hammerberg, JE AF Dooling, David C. Hammerberg, James E. TI Lindstedt series solutions of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR COUPLED OSCILLATORS; ANHARMONIC LATTICES; RECURRENCE TIMES; ENERGY; CHAINS; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS AB We apply the Lindstedt method to the one dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam beta lattice to find fully general solutions to the complete set of equations of motion. The perturbative scheme employed uses epsilon as the expansion parameter, where epsilon is the coefficient of the quartic coupling between nearest neighbors. We compare our nonsecular perturbative solutions to numerical solutions and find striking agreement. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dooling, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcd@lanl.gov OI Dooling, David/0000-0001-9837-936X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 AR 052702 DI 10.1063/1.2721346 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 173SI UT WOS:000246892400027 ER PT J AU Masiello, T Maki, A Blake, TA AF Masiello, Tony Maki, Arthur Blake, Thomas A. TI The analysis of combination and overtone states of (BF3)-B-11 from 1650 to 4600 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; rovibrational spectrum; boron trifluoride; molecular structure; boron-II; force constants; fermi resonance; coriolis coupling ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; FORCE-FIELDS; BF3; BF2OH AB High-resolution (0.0015-0.0035 cm(-1)) infrared spectra of isotopically enriched (BF3)-B-11 have been examined in detail. The analysis of the combination and overtone states within the region of study, from 1650 to 4600 cm-1, led to the assignment of over 25,000 transitions. The major perturbations were due to the Fermi resonances between states possessing one quantum of v(3) and three quanta of v(4). With corrections through the quadratic rotational terms, the equilibrium B-e and C-e values have been determined; 0.3462679(7) cm(-1) and 0.1731151(6) cm(-1), respectively. An improved set of equilibrium rotational constants for (BF3)-B-10, consistent with this analysis of (BF3)-B-11 are also given. The averaged equilibrium values for both isotopomers lead to a B-F bond distance of r(e) = 130.704 +/- 0.005 pm. All of the quadratic anharmonic constants, with the exception of x(33) were independently determined from experiment. For the first time for BF3, a normal force field analysis was performed that utilized the experimentally determined, fundamental harmonic vibrational frequencies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Blake, TA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mailstop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ta.blake@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 243 IS 1 BP 16 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2007.02.019 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 183YV UT WOS:000247609200003 ER PT J AU Flores, KM Kanungo, BP Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P AF Flores, Katharine M. Kanungo, Biraja P. Glade, Stephen C. Asoka-Kumar, Palakkal TI Characterization of plasticity-induced structural changes in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass using positron annihilation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE alloys; positron annihilation ID FREE-VOLUME CHANGES; SHEAR BANDS; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME; LIQUID; FLOW AB Changes in the free volume distribution in Zr(58.5)Cu(15.6)Ni(12.8)Al(10.3)Nb(2.8) bulk metallic glass with inhomogeneous plastic deformation and annealing were examined using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Results indicate that the size distribution of open volume sites is at least bimodal prior to deformation. The size and concentration of the larger sites, identified as flow defects, changes with processing. The size of the flow defects initially increases with deformation. More extensive deformation shifts the distribution, with a third group of much larger sites forming at the expense of flow defects. This suggests that a critical strain is required for the growth of nanovoids observed elsewhere by HRTEM. Although these observations suggest the presence of three open volume size groups, further analysis indicates that all groups have a similar distribution of chemical species around them as evidenced by the same line shape parameter. This may be due to the disordered structure of the glass and the positron affinity to particular atoms surrounding the open volume regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Flores, KM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM flores.70@osu.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 11-12 BP 1201 EP 1207 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.11.017 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 164TN UT WOS:000246257400028 ER PT J AU Chernov, AA Deyoreo, JJ Rashkovich, LN AF Chernov, A. A. Deyoreo, J. J. Rashkovich, L. N. TI Fluctuations and Gibbs-Thomson law - the simple physics SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Romanian Conference on Advanced Materials CY SEP 11-14, 2006 CL Bucharest Magurele, ROMANIA SP E-MRS, ROMANIAN ACAD, Romanian Mat Sci Crystal Growth Soc, Natl Ctr Phys, Fac Phys, Bucharest Univ, Natl Inst Mat Phys, Univ Constanta, Inst R & D Optoelect, Bucharest & Minist Educ Res, Adv Res Inst Elect Engn DE Gibbs-Thomson law; mechanism of growth; crystallization ID CALCITE GROWTH; EQUILIBRIUM; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; STRESS; STEP AB Crystals of slightly soluble materials should be subject of relatively weak attachment/detachment fluctuations on their faces so that steps on those faces have low kink density. These steps are parallel to the most close packed lattice rows and form polygons on a crystal surface. The process responsible for implementation of the classical Gibbs-Thomson law (GTL) for the polygonal step (in two dimensions, 2D) is kink exchange between the step corners. For the 3D crystallites, this mechanism includes step exchange. If these mechanisms do not operate because of slow fluctuations, the GTL is not applicable. Physics of these processes and conditions for the GTL applicability are discussed on a simple qualitative level. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Chernov, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chernov2@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1197 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 173IO UT WOS:000246866900002 ER PT J AU Chen, T Neville, A Sorbie, K Zhong, Z AF Chen, T. Neville, A. Sorbie, K. Zhong, Z. TI Following the formation of CaCO3 scale formation by in-situ WAXS SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Romanian Conference on Advanced Materials CY SEP 11-14, 2006 CL Bucharest Magurele, ROMANIA SP E-MRS, ROMANIAN ACAD, Romanian Mat Sci Crystal Growth Soc, Natl Ctr Phys, Fac Phys, Bucharest Univ, Natl Inst Mat Phys, Univ Constanta, Inst R & D Optoelect, Bucharest & Minist Educ Res, Adv Res Inst Elect Engn DE crystal growth; CaCO3; synchrotron ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PRECIPITATION; KINETICS; GROWTH AB The aim of this paper is to further the understanding of calcium carbonate scale formation by in-situ probing of crystal growth by synchrotron radiation Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS). This novel technique enables in-situ study of mineral scale formation and inhibition and information on the nucleation and growth processes is accessible. This technique studies bulk precipitation and surface deposition in the same system and has great benefit to understand an industrial scaling system. It has been shown that WAXS has been successfully used for the study of calcareous formation and enables crystallization mechanisms to be investigated. This paper discusses how surface scale evolves - exploring the power of the synchrotron in-situ methodology. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM mentc@leeds.ac.uk OI SORBIE, KENNETH/0000-0002-6481-1529 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1250 EP 1253 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 173IO UT WOS:000246866900012 ER PT J AU Agramalyan, NR Hovsepyan, RK Poghosyan, AR Von Roedern, B Vardanyan, ES AF Agramalyan, N. R. Hovsepyan, R. K. Poghosyan, A. R. Von Roedern, B. Vardanyan, E. S. TI Photoelectric and spectral properties of ZnO thin films SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Romanian Conference on Advanced Materials CY SEP 11-14, 2006 CL Bucharest Magurele, ROMANIA SP E-MRS, ROMANIAN ACAD, Romanian Mat Sci Crystal Growth Soc, Natl Ctr Phys, Fac Phys, Bucharest Univ, Natl Inst Mat Phys, Univ Constanta, Inst R & D Optoelect, Bucharest & Minist Educ Res, Adv Res Inst Elect Engn DE zinc oxide; thin films; transparent conductive oxide; photoconductivity ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AB An optimization of transparent conductive coatings to increase efficiency is very important for solar cell applications. The developed technique has allowed to obtain both transparent high conductive and dielectric ZnO films doped by different impurities. Measurements of dark and photoconductivity were carried out in a wide frequency range. Photoelectric property studies have shown that with Li doping it is possible to achieve a significant increase of the photoconductivity. The current-voltage characteristics, current-optical power sensitivity and kinetics of rise and decay times of slow and fast components of the photoresponse were studied. It was found that the dark current and photocurrent in Li doped ZnO films have different conductivity mechanisms: hopping mechanism or charge transfer in a Hubbard-model impurity band for dark conductivity current, and drift mechanism of charge transfer in the conduction band for photoconductivity current. C1 Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Poghosyan, AR (reprint author), Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 2, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. EM arp@ipr.sci.am NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1418 EP 1421 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 173IO UT WOS:000246866900047 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, CO Blyth, SL Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, HA Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Gorbunov, YG Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Guo, Y Gupta, N Gutierrez, TD Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Razin, SV Reid, JG Reinnarth, J Relyea, D Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Sumbera, M Sun, Z Surrow, B Swanger, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van der Kolk, N van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yurevich, VI Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Adams, J. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Amonett, J. Anderson, B. D. Anderson, M. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Bekele, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Bezverkhny, B. I. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, C. O. Blyth, S.-L. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M. Castillo, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, H. A. Christie, W. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Das, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, W. J. Dong, X. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Dutta Mazumdar, M. R. Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Filimonov, K. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gans, J. Ganti, M. S. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gonzalez, J. E. Gorbunov, Y. G. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Guo, Y. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, T. D. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Ishihara, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jiang, H. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khodyrev, V. Yu Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kramer, M. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Long, H. Longacre, R. S. Lopez-Noriega, M. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Magestro, D. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu Meschanin, A. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mishra, D. K. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Molnar, L. Moore, C. F. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Nikitin, V. A. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Panitkin, S. Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Petrov, V. A. Phatak, S. C. Picha, R. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Rakness, G. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Razin, S. V. Reid, J. G. Reinnarth, J. Relyea, D. Retiere, F. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schweda, K. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sood, G. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Stolpovsky, A. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sugarbaker, E. Sumbera, M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Swanger, M. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Tai, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van der Kolk, N. van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wood, J. Wu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K Yurevich, V. I. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Two-particle correlations on transverse momentum and momentum dissipation in Au-Au collisions at root sNN=130 GeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PP AB Measurements of two-particle correlations on transverse momentum p(t) for Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 130 GeV are presented. Significant large-momentum-scale correlations are observed for charged primary hadrons with 0.15 <= p(t) <= 2 GeV/c and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 1.3. Such correlations were not observed in a similar study at lower energy and are not predicted by theoretical collision models. Their direct relation to mean-p(t) fluctuations measured in the same angular acceptance is demonstrated. Positive correlations are observed for pairs of particles which have large p(t) values while negative correlations occur for pairs in which one particle has large p(t) and the other has much lower p(t). The correlation amplitudes per final state particle increase with collision centrality. The observed correlations are consistent with a scenario in which the transverse momentum of hadrons associated with initial-stage semi-hard parton scattering is dissipated by the medium to lower p(t). C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. JINR, Part Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Inst Nucl Phys, ASCR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan, Peoples R China. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013 OI Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 799 EP 816 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/5/002 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 164QO UT WOS:000246249100003 ER EF